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Range extension and first confirmed record of the Flightless Zenkerella insignis (Matschie, 1898) (Mammalia: Rodentia: Anomaluridae) in Nigeria

Dolapo Oluwafemi Adejumo, Taiye Adeniyi Adeyanju & Temidayo Esther Adeyanju

26 September 2020 | Vol. 12 | No. 13 | Pages: 16900–16903 DOI: 10.11609/jot.5876.12.13.16900-16903

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Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 September 2020 | 12(13): 16900–16903 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) PLATINUM OPEN ACCESS DOI: htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.5876.12.13.16900-16903

#5876 | Received 18 March 2020 | Final received 15 August 2020 | Finally accepted 04 September 2020

N o t e Range extension and frst confrmed record of the Flightless Anomalure Zenkerella insignis (Matschie, 1898) (Mammalia: Rodenta: Anomaluridae) in Nigeria

Dolapo Oluwafemi Adejumo 1 , Taiye Adeniyi Adeyanju 2 & Temidayo Esther Adeyanju 3

1,2,3 Department of Wildlife and Ecotourism Management, Ornithology and Wildlife Conservaton, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected],

The Cameroon Scaly-tail Zenkerella insignis (Matschie, known in the family Zenkerellellidae and it lacks 1898) is one of the least studied of African . It patagia, the membranes possessed by the genera in has so rarely been encountered that virtually nothing Anomaluridae which enable them to glide, similar to has been published about its behaviour, feeding habits, gliding (Kingdon 2013; Heritage et al. 2016; and tme budgets (Heritage et al. 2016). The species was Marivaux et al. 2017). Kingdon (2013) suggests the previously classifed in the Zenkerella under the absence of patagia could be an adaptve feature for the family Anomaluridae along with Idiurus and species, enabling it to adapt to very thick vegetaton. (Kingdon, 2013), though Marivaux et al. (2017) adds a Zenkerella has been viewed as an important example fourth genus Anomalurops. The new study by Fabre et al. of macroevolutonary reversion in the development (2018), however, puts the genus Zenkerella under a new of locomotory adaptatons because it is assumed that completely diferent well-circumscribed family called the species lost its patagia and hence its ability to glide Zenkerellidae based on new phylogenetc results. This (Fabre et al. 2018). Molecular analysis, however, proves puts Anomaluridae and Zenkerellidae as two separate that the species is from a lineage called Zenkerellidae, a families under the Suborder Anomaluromorpha, which distnct non-gliding, and long-lived lineage. This would are endemic to the thick rainforest habitats of western mean that the lineage never developed patagia or any and central Africa (Kingdon 2013) and peculiar among adaptaton that enables gliding fight, rather than having mammals for the two rows of pointed scales on the lost its capabilites of performing gliding fight (Fabre et ventral side of their tufed tail, which helps them to al. 2018; Heritage et al. 2016). climb in the forest canopy (Marivaux et al. 2017; Fabre Remarkably, the frst pictures of a live specimen of et al. 2018). Zenkerella insignis were taken in 2015 on the Island of Cameroon Scaly-tail Zenkerella insignis stands out Bioko by Curts Hart (Dinets 2017). Dinets (2017) also from the rest of the suborder. It is presently the only recorded his encounter with a Zenkerella in the lowland

Editor: Giovanni Amori, CNR-Research Insttute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, Rome, Italy. Date of publicaton: 26 September 2020 (online & print)

Citaton: Adejumo, D.O., T.A. Adeyanju & T.E. Adeyanju (2020). Range extension and frst confrmed record of the Flightless Anomalure Zenkerella insignis (Matschie, 1898) (Mammalia: Rodenta: Anomaluridae) in Nigeria. Journal of Threatened Taxa 12(13): 16900–16903. htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.5876.12.13.16900-16903

Copyright: © Adejumo et al. 2020. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of this artcle in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton.

Funding: Ruford Small Grants [No. 78ca1b-1].

Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests.

Acknowledgements: We appreciate the Ruford Small Grants for funding the feld survey of Bats of Omo Biosphere Reserve (OBR) during which these observatons were made. We appreciate Chief Gbade Adejumo for his logistcal support, feld assistants “Daniel and Baba Soldier” for their stmulatng companionship during the survey (real names withheld), the Forest Research Insttute of Nigeria (represented by Mr Cliford Omonu) and the Ogun State Forest Project at OBR for their collaboratve support which made our stay in Omo Reserve possible. Finally, we appreciate all the communites of Omo Biosphere Reserve for their accommodatve support and the University of Ibadan for releasing ATA.

16900 J TT First confrmed record of Flightless Anomalure in Nigeria Adejumo et al.

© Dolapo Adejumo Image 1. Lateral view of Zenkerella insignis.

© Dolapo Adejumo © Dolapo Adejumo Image 3. Image showing the curious specimen with the digits and Image 2. Posterior view of Zenkerella Insignis. claws. forest of the Dzanga-Sangha Special Protected Area in relatvely dense and shrubby with litle undergrowth. At the central African republic (Dinets 2017). From his about 20.08h, we heard something rustling just above observatons, the specimen had a preference for dense where we were seated. We put on our headlights and thickets and was nocturnal, observed at 22.00h, a saw the scaly-tail on the branch directly above us. We possible reason why it was so rarely seen and observed were instantly interested in the specimen because of its in the wild (Dinets 2017). tail tuf which stood out unlike in any other previously We encountered the elusive and mysterious fightless observed species in the forest reserve. The tail tuf is Cameroon Scaly-tailed on 17 May 2019. We were in the shape of a spherical fan. The branch was at a height the Queen’s Forest (core zone) of Omo Forest Reserve of about 5m above the ground. When we put on our sitng under a short tree at 6.756N & 4.353E from headlights, the ceased moving for a few seconds 18.00h. The vegetaton at that partcular locaton was and just glared at the light source similar to what was

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 September 2020 | 12(13): 16900–16903 16901 J TT First confrmed record of Flightless Anomalure in Nigeria Adejumo et al.

© Dolapo Adejumo

Image 5. Image showing the scales on the anterior secton of the tail. © Dolapo Adejumo Image 4. Ventral image of the specimen showing the prominent maxillary incisors and the smaller mandibular incisors. © Dolapo Adejumo

previously observed by Dinets (2017). Then, it started traversing the tree branch going up and down. This could be a display of territoriality, seen in some male and female , or investgatve behavior. It could also be a protectve display to ensure it is not followed back to its young ones if it had any. This behaviour would have been easier to understand if we could tell the sex of the specimen. Its territorial behaviour was further confrmed when the specimen urinated directly on the branch and upon us. Observatons contnued for Image 6. Image showing the facial features of the specimen. about 19 minutes while pictures were taken. Unlike other rodents, the specimen showed no signs of fear, probably because it had never seen or interacted © Dolapo Adejumo with humans before. It seemed simply curious, looking down from diferent positons on the branch to get a beter view of us. The specimen had a dark grey body pelage (Image 1). The tail tuf and ankle tuf (both visible in Image 3, 7) were clearly black in colouraton. It is also notceable that the ear of the observed specimen lacked fur and was almost bare even on the outer surface of the ear (Image 2). Similar to the observaton by Dinets (2017), the tail of the specimen was kept straight out from the specimen’s body and was used as a rudder. Unlike descriptons from previously curated specimens, the observed Zenkerella Image 7. Image showing the tail tuf of the specimen. had tail hair that stood straight on end in a spiky manner rather than the bushy hair depicted from curated specimens (Image 3, 7). Dinets (2017) suggested that the than the mandibular incisors visible in Image 4 and 6 very conspicuous tail tuf is used for either intraspecifc (Heritage et al. 2016). The specimen also had four and signaling or to distract predators from vital parts of the fve digits on its fore and hind feet respectvely and all body. digits ended in decurved claws (Image 3, 5, 6) (Heritage Another observaton made was that the specimen et al. 2016). had two prominent maxillary incisors that were larger This is the frst confrmed record of the Cameroon

16902 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 September 2020 | 12(13): 16900–16903 J TT First confrmed record of Flightless Anomalure in Nigeria Adejumo et al.

Scaly-tail Zenkerella insignis in Nigeria and the frst Fabre, P. H., M.K. Tilak, C. Denys, P. Gaubert, V. Nicolas, E.J.P. Douzery set of clear pictures showing accurate morphological & L. Marivaux (2018). Flightless scaly-tailed squirrels never learned how to fy: A reappraisal of Anomaluridae phylogeny. Zoologica descriptons of the species. This fnd is quite remarkable Scripta 47(4): 404–417. htps://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12286 because it extends the species’ range signifcantly Heritage, S., D. Fernández, H.M. Sallam, D.T. Cronin, J. Manuel, E. Echube & E.R. Seifert (2016). Ancient phylogenetc divergence of westwards across important biogeographic boundaries the enigmatc African Zenkerella and the origin of anomalurid such as the Cameroonian volcanic range and across gliding. PeerJ 4: e2320. htps://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2320 the large Cross and Niger rivers. Given the distance of Kingdon, J. (2013). Family Anomaluridae: , pp. 602–617. In: Happold, D.C.D. (ed.). Mammals of Africa - Volume III: Rodents, over 800km from the previously described sightngs, the Hares and Rabbits. Bloomsbury Publishing, London. observaton could very well be a subspecies or a new Marivaux, L., S. Adnet, M. Benammi, R. Tabuce & M. Benammi species in the Zenkerella genus. (2017). Anomaluroid rodents from the earliest Oligocene of Dakhla, Morocco, reveal the long-lived and morphologically conservatve patern of the Anomaluridae and Nonanomaluridae during the References Tertary in Africa. Journal of Systematc Palaeontology 15(7): 539– 569. htps://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2016.1206977 Dinets, V. (2017). First observatons on the behaviour of the fightless Matschie, P. (1898). Eine neue mit Idiurus Mtsch. verwandte Gatung anomalure (Zenkerella insignis). Zoology 123: 121–123. htps://doi. der Nagethiere. Sitzungs.-Berichte. der. Gesellsch. naturforsch. org/10.1016/j.zool.2017.06.003 Freunde Berlin 4: 23‒30.

Threatened Taxa

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 September 2020 | 12(13): 16900–16903 16903 PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. OPEN ACCESS All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton.

ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)

September 2020 | Vol. 12 | No. 13 | Pages: 16715–16926 Date of Publicaton: 26 September 2020 (Online & Print) www.threatenedtaxa.org DOI: 10.11609/jot.2020.12.13.16715-16926

Review A checklist of buterfy fauna of Bankura Town, West Bengal, India – Ananya Nayak, Pp. 16868–16878 A history of primatology in India (In memory of Professor Sheo Dan Singh) – Mewa Singh, Mridula Singh, Honnavalli N. Kumara, Dilip Chetry & Santanu A diversity of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from a cashew ecosystem in Kerala, Mahato, Pp. 16715–16735 India – Mamparambath Subramanian Smitha & Ambalaparambil V. Sudhikumar, Pp. 16879–16884 Communicatons Clinical and pathological fndings in a Dwarf Red Brocket Mazama rufna University campuses can contribute to wildlife conservaton in urbanizing (Mammalia: Cetartodactyla: Cervidae) atacked by dogs regions: a case study from Nigeria – Eduardo Alfonso Díaz, Gustavo Donoso, Carolina Sáenz, Ivete Dueñas & – Iliyasu Simon, Jennifer Che & Lynne R. Baker, Pp. 16736–16741 Francisco Cabrera, Pp. 16885–16890

Killer Whale Orcinus orca (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mammalia: Cetartodactyla: Indigenous uses and traditonal practces of endemic and threatened Chilgoza Delphinidae) predaton on Sperm Whales Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus, Pine Pinus gerardiana Wall. ex D.Don by tribal communites in Kinnaur District, 1758 (Mammalia: Cetartodactyla: Physeteridae) in the Gulf of Mannar, Himachal Pradesh, northwestern Himalaya Sri Lanka – Swaran Lata, P.S. Negi, S.S. Samant, M.K. Seth & Varsha, Pp. 16891–16899 – Ranil P. Nanayakkara, Andrew Suton, Philip Hoare ­& Thomas A. Jeferson­, Pp. 16742–16751 Notes The Critcally Endangered White-rumped Vulture Gyps bengalensis in Sigur Plateau, Western Ghats, India: Populaton, breeding ecology, and Range extension and frst confrmed record of the Flightless Anomalure threats Zenkerella insignis (Matschie, 1898) (Mammalia: Rodenta: Anomaluridae) in – Arockianathan Samson & Balasundaram Ramakrishnan, Pp. 16752–16763 Nigeria – Dolapo Oluwafemi Adejumo, Taiye Adeniyi Adeyanju & Temidayo Esther Avifauna of Saurashtra University Campus, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Adeyanju, Pp. 16900–16903 – Varsha Trivedi & Sanjay Vaghela, Pp. 16764–16774 Power lines as a threat to a canopy predator: electrocuted Harpy Eagle in Five new species of trap-door spiders (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Idiopidae) southwestern Brazilian Amazon from India – Almério Câmara Gusmão, Danilo Degra, Odair Diogo da Silva, Lucas Simão – Manju Siliwal, Rajshekhar Hippargi, Archana Yadav & Dolly Kumar, de Souza, Angélica Vilas Boas da Frota, Carlos Augusto Tuyama, Maria Cristna Pp. 16775–16794 Tuyama, Thatane Martns da Costa, Ana Paula Dalbem, Adrian A. Barnet, Francisca Helena Aguiar-Silva & Manoel dos Santos Filho, Pp. 16904–16908 Rapid mult-taxa assessment around Dhamapur Lake (Sindhudurg, Maharashtra, India) using citzen science reveals signifcant odonate records First record of the Assam Leaf Turtle Cyclemys gemeli (Fritz et al. 2008) (Reptlia: – Neha Mujumdar, Dataprasad Sawant, Amila Sumanapala, Parag Rangnekar & Testudines: Geoemydidae) from the Darjeeling-Sikkim Himalaya, India Pankaj Koparde, Pp. 16795–16818 – Aditya Pradhan, Niran Chetri & Saibal Sengupta, Pp. 16909–16911

Commercially and medicinally signifcant aquatc macrophytes: potental for Breeding biology of Malabar Tree Toad Pedostbes tuberculosus (Anura: improving livelihood security of indigenous communites in northern Bihar, Bufonidae) from Castle Rock, Karnataka, India India – Deepak Deshpande & Nikhil Gaitonde, Pp. 16912–16915 – Shailendra Raut, Nishikant Gupta, Mark Everard & Indu Shekhar Singh, Pp. 16819–16830 First record of Ourapteryx dierli Inoue, 1994 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae) from India Leaf nutrients of two Cycas L. species contrast among in situ and ex situ – Sanjay Sondhi, Dipendra Nath Basu & Krushnamegh Kunte, Pp. 16916–16919 locatons – Thomas E. Marler & Anders J. Lindström, Pp. 16831–16839 Notes on a communal roostng of two oakblues (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Arhopala) and the Common Emigrant (Pieridae: Catopsilia pomona) buterfies Contributon to the Macromycetes of West Bengal, India: 69–73 in Utarakhand, India – Diptosh Das, Prakash Pradhan, Debal Ray, Anirban Roy & Krishnendu Acharya, – Sohom Seal, Debanjan Sarkar, Agnish Kumar Das & Ankush Chowdhury, Pp. 16840–16853 Pp. 16920–16923

First report of mango leaf gall midge Procontarinia robusta Li, Bu & Zhang Short Communicatons (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from India – Duraikannu Vasanthakumar, Senthilkumar Palanisamy & Radheshyam Murlidhar A new species of Platylestes Selys (Odonata: Zygoptera: Lestdae) from the Sharma, Pp. 16924–16926 coastal area of Kannur District, Kerala, India – K.G. Emiliyamma, Muhamed Jafer Palot & C. Charesh, Pp. 16854–16860

A frst complete documentaton of the early stages of Hampson’s Hedge Blue Acytolepis lilacea lilacea Hampson, 1889 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from Publisher & Host Western Ghats, Kerala, India – V.K. Chandrasekharan & Muhamed Jafer Palot, Pp. 16861–16867

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