Women S Health Topic List 2018

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Women’s Health End of Rotation™ EXAM TOPIC LIST GYNEGOLOGY MENSTRUATION Amenorrhea Normal physiology Dysfunctional uterine bleeding Premenstrual dysphoric disorder Dysmenorrhea Premenstrual syndrome Menopause INFECTIONS Cervicitis (gonorrhea, chlamydia, herpes Pelvic Inflammatory disease simplex, human papilloma virus) Syphilis Chancroid Vaginitis (trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, Lymphogranuloma venereum atrophic vaginitis, candidiasis) NEOPLASMS Breast cancer Endometrial cancer Cervical carcinoma Ovarian neoplasms Cervical dysplasia Vaginal/vulvar neoplasms DISORDERS OF THE BREAST Breast abscess Fibrocystic disease Breast fibroadenoma Mastitis STRUCTURAL ABNORMALITIES Cystocele Rectocele Ovarian torsion Uterine prolapse © Copyright 2018, Physician Assistant Education Association 1 OTHER Contraceptive methods Ovarian cyst Endometriosis Sexual assault Infertility Spouse or partner neglect/violence Leiomyoma Urinary incontinence OBSTETRICS PRENATAL CARE/NORMAL PREGNANCY Apgar score Normal labor and delivery (stages, duration, Fetal position mechanism of delivery, monitoring) Multiple gestation Physiology of pregnancy Prenatal diagnosis/care PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS Abortion Placenta abruption Ectopic pregnancy Placenta previa Gestational diabetes Preeclampsia/eclampsia Gestational trophoblastic disease (molar Pregnancy induced hypertension pregnancy, choriocarcinoma) Rh incompatibility Incompetent cervix LABOR AND DELIVERY COMPLICATIONS Breech presentation Premature rupture of membranes Dystocia Preterm labor Fetal distress Prolapsed umbilical cord POSTPARTUM CARE Endometritis Perineal laceration/episiotomy care Normal physiology changes of puerperium Postpartum hemorrhage © Copyright 2018, Physician Assistant Education Association 2 *Updates include style and spacing changes, and organization in content area size order. © Copyright 2018, Physician Assistant Education Association 3 .

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Successful Pregnancy Complicated by Adnexal Torsion After IVF in a 45
Case Report iMedPub Journals Gynecology & Obstetrics Case Report 2016 http://www.imedpub.com/ Vol.2 No.2:27 ISSN 2471-8165 DOI: 10.21767/2471-8165.1000027 Successful Pregnancy Complicated by Adnexal Torsion after IVF in a 45-Year- Old Woman Cirillo F1, Zannoni E1, Scolaro V1, Mulazzani GEG3, Mrakic Sposta F2, De Cesare R1 and Levi-Setti PE1* 1Department of Gynaecology, Division of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Humanitas Fertility Center, EBCOG/ESHRE Subspecialty European Center in Reproductive Medicine, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (Milan), Italy 2Humanitas University, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy 3Department of Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (Milan), Italy *Corresponding author: Paolo Emanuele Levi-Setti, Department of Gynaecology, Division of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Humanitas Fertility Center, EBCOG/ESHRE Subspecialty European Center in Reproductive Medicine, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (Milan), Italy, Tel: 10125410158, E-mail: [email protected] Received date: 12 June, 2016; Accepted date: 26 August, 2016; Published date: 29 August, 2016 Citation: Cirillo F, Zannoni E, Scolaro V. Successful pregnancy complicated by adnexal torsion after IVF in a 45-year-old woman, Gynecol Obstet Case Rep. 2016, 2:2. Introduction Abstract Ovarian torsion occurs when the ovarian vascular pedicle performs a complete or partial rotation around its axis with Ovarian torsion accounts for 3% of gynecological consequent impairment in vascular supply [1]. emergencies. Its incidence is higher in all those cases of ovarian hypermobility and adnexal masses, such as Torsion is considered the 5th most common surgical Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) as a emergency in women, accounting for more than 3% of all consequence of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments.
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Ovarian Torsions and Other Gynecologic Emergencies
Ovarian Torsions and Other Gynecologic Emergencies A Clinician’s Guide to Managing Ob/Gyn Emergencies World Health Special Focus on Haiti Ambereen Sleemi, MD,MPH No Disclosures Torsion and other gyn emergencies • Ovarian torsion • Gynecologic cancers • Cervical cancer • endometrial cancer • ovarian cancer Ovarian Torsion • What is ovarian torsion? • Why is is an emergency? • How is it treated? Ovarian Torsion • A twisting of the ovary around its support and cutting off of the blood supply • cutting off the blood supply causes severe abdominal pain and death of the tissue • treated as a surgical emergency Ovarian Torsion The blood supply to the ovary is cut off by the twisting of an enlarged, usually cystic ovary Ovarian Torsion • An ovarian torsion presents with classic findings of severe onset of intermittent abdominal pain, that may wax and wane (over 90%) • it may be associated with nausea and vomiting (over 80%) • 60% occur on right side • risk factors are pregnancy, reproductive age (can be pre or post menopausal also) Torsion and untwisted Signs and Symptoms • Vague complaints of lower abdominal pain • Classic- sitting or sleeping and sudden severe pain that disappears and reappears • Nausea and vomiting • Often a delay in diagnosis Findings • Unilateral adnexal mass or tumor usually seen • lower abdominal pain • Pelvic exam- palpate a unilateral, tender mass • Pregnancy associated with up to 20% of torsion cases • Ultrasound with adnexal mass, low or no blood flow Management • Pregnant or not, management same • Surgical treatment
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The Differential Diagnosis of Acute Pelvic Pain in Various Stages of The
Osteopathic Family Physician (2011) 3, 112-119 The differential diagnosis of acute pelvic pain in various stages of the life cycle of women and adolescents: gynecological challenges for the family physician in an outpatient setting Maria F. Daly, DO, FACOFP From Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL. KEYWORDS: Acute pain is of sudden onset, intense, sharp or severe cramping. It may be described as local or diffuse, Acute pain; and if corrected takes a short course. It is often associated with nausea, emesis, diaphoresis, and anxiety. Acute pelvic pain; It may vary in intensity of expression by a woman’s cultural worldview of communicating as well as Nonpelvic pain; her history of physical, mental, and psychosocial painful experiences. The primary care physician must Differential diagnosis dissect in an orderly, precise, and rapid manner the true history from the patient experiencing pain, and proceed to diagnose and treat the acute symptoms of a possible life-threatening problem. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Introduction female’s presentation of acute pelvic pain with an enlarged bulky uterus may often be diagnosed as a leiomyoma in- Women at various ages and stages of their life cycle may stead of a neoplastic mass. A pregnant female, whose preg- present with different causes of acute pelvic pain. Estab- nancy is either known to her or unknown, presenting with lishing an accurate diagnosis from the multiple pathologies acute pelvic pain must be rapidly evaluated and treated to in the differential diagnosis of their speciﬁc pelvic pain may prevent a rapid downward cascading progression to mater- well be a challenge for the primary care physician.
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Ovarian Torsion in Pregnancy: a Case Report Azadeh Nasiri*, Salma Rahimi and Edmund Tomlinson
Case Report iMedPub Journals Gynecology & Obstetrics Case Report 2017 http://www.imedpub.com/ Vol.3 No.2:51 ISSN 2471-8165 DOI: 10.21767/2471-8165.1000051 Ovarian Torsion in Pregnancy: A Case Report Azadeh Nasiri*, Salma Rahimi and Edmund Tomlinson South Nassau Communities Hospital - Oceanside, NY, USA *Corresponding author: Azadeh Nasiri, South Nassau Communities Hospital - Oceanside, NY, USA, Tel: 8777688462; E-mail: [email protected] Rec: May 16, 2017; Acc: June 14, 2017; Pub: June 19, 2017 Citation: Nasiri A, Rahimi S, Tomlinson E. Ovarian Torsion in Pregnancy: A Case Report. Gynecol Obstet Case Rep 2017, 3:2. type with no alleviating factors and reported 3 episodes of emesis. Reported history of ovarian cyst prior to pregnancy but Abstract was not sure about the size. Otherwise her pregnancy had been uneventful. Torsion of the ovary is the total or partial rotation of the adnexa around its vascular axis or pedicle. Although the On examination, she was afebrile with vitals within normal exact etiology is unknown, common predisposing factors limits. She had severe tenderness in right lower quadrant with include moderate size cyst, free mobility and long pedicle. guarding and no rebound tenderness. Uterus was noted to be Torsion of ovarian tumors occurred predominantly in the 10-12 weeks in size with right adnexal fullness and tenderness reproductive age group. The majority of the cases on bimanual exam. On sterile speculum exam, cervix was presented in pregnant (22.7%) than in non-pregnant closed with no bleeding noted. (6.1%) women. Here, we report a case of ovarian torsion Pelvic ultrasound revealed a single live intrauterine in pregnancy.
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Recognizing the CT Manifestations of Gynecologic Conditions Encountered in the Emergency Department
Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology 48 (2019) 473À481 Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology journal homepage: www.cpdrjournal.com Recognizing the CT Manifestations of Gynecologic Conditions Encountered in the Emergency Department Karen Tran-Harding, MD*, James T. Lee, MD, Joseph Owen, MD Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center, 800 Rose St. HX315E, Lexington, KY ABSTRACT Women commonly present to the emergency room with subacute or acute symptoms of gynecologic origin. Although a pelvic exam and ultrasound (US) are the pre- ferred initial diagnostic tools for gynecologic entities, a CT is often the first line imaging modality in the emergency department. We will provide a review of normal uterine enhancement and normal pregnancy related findings, and then familiarize radiologists with the CT appearances of gynecologic entities classically described on ultrasound that may present to the emergency department. © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Introduction lower attenuation than myometrium, its thickness varies with the menstrual cycle, and it should not be mistakenly described as blood Pelvic pain is a common reason for women to present to the emer- or fluid in the canal (Fig 1 A/B open arrowhead). During the menstrual gency department. Detailed menstrual, sexual, and surgical history, and cycle, the endometrium can measure anywhere from 1 mm during screening beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), are essential to menstruation and up to 7-16 mm during the secretory phase.1 differentiate
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Acute Abdomen in Early Pregnancy Due to Ovarian Torsion Following Successful in Vitro Fertilization Treatment
Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 54 (2015) 438e441 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology journal homepage: www.tjog-online.com Case Report Acute abdomen in early pregnancy due to ovarian torsion following successful in vitro fertilization treatment Hsing-Chun Tsai a, Tian-Ni Kuo a, Ming-Ting Chung a, Mike Y.S. Lin a, Chieh-Yi Kang a, * Yung-Chieh Tsai a, b, c, a Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan b Department of Sports Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan c Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan article info abstract Article history: Objective: Ovarian torsion is an acute abdomen requiring prompt intervention. Ovarian torsion seldom Accepted 1 August 2013 occurs during pregnancy. However, with in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments, ovarian hyperstimulation may increase the size of the ovaries and result in the occurrence of adnexal torsion. Here, we report two Keywords: cases of ovarian torsion after IVF and discuss the optimal management of this emergency medical in vitro fertilization condition. laparoscopy Case Report: The ﬁrst case was a 23-year-old woman who received IVFeembryo transfer due to tubal ovarian hyperstimulation factor infertility. Sudden-onset, lower abdominal pain developed at the 6th week of pregnancy. Con- ovarian torsion pregnancy servative treatment with antibiotics was the initial approach, but a right oophorectomy had to be per- formed due to right ovarian torsion with hemorrhagic and gangrenous changes. The second case was a 38-year-old woman diagnosed with bilateral ovarian torsion at 8 weeks' gestation due to the sudden onset of low abdominal pain.
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Pelvic Pain & Vaginal Bleeding
Pelvic Pain & Vaginal Bleeding Pelvic Pain and Vaginal Bleeding Brian Hughes, M.D. FACEP Vaginal Bleeding The main approach to non pregnant patients with vaginal bleeding in the Emergency Department centers on determining the stability of the patient. Vital signs and the patient’s description of bleeding are used to estimate the magnitude of hemorrhage. You must ask yourself: If I send this patient home, what is the likelihood that she will bleed significantly? Is close follow-up sufficient? Does hormone therapy need to be implemented in the ED? If bleeding has not led to hemodynamic compromise (and is not likely to), and pregnancy has been ruled out, the majority of patients can be safely discharged with close follow-up. Any patient with abnormal uterine bleeding needs their endometrium evaluated by an OB/Gyn before hormonal therapy is implemented. Endometrial biopsy can be significantly altered by premature hormone therapy in the ED. Occasionally an OB/Gyn consultant will recommend implementing hormonal therapy in the ED. A young person may be placed an Ovral© 4 times daily for five days to stabilize the endometrium. Older patients require an ultrasound and biopsy. Patients who are hemodynamically unstable because of vaginal bleeding require a hemoglobin, a type and screen, IV resuscitation, and admission. Patients who have suffered trauma such as a vaginal laceration must be evaluated by an OB/Gyn in the ED. In all cases pregnancy must be excluded. Pelvic Pain Chronic pelvic pain is rarely investigated primarily in the ED. Once pregnancy is ruled out, acute conditions such as infection, ovarian torsion, urinary tract infection, renal colic, or a ruptured ovarian cyst must be considered.
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Challenging Pelvic Cases LARS Copy 2
Liina Poder, MD, FSRU Professor of Clinical Radiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, UCSF [email protected] CHALLENGING CASES: FEMALE PELVIS CASE 37 year old with incidentally found bladder mass during second trimester ultrasound. T2 •Benign or malignant? •Biopsy during cystoscopy? 37 year old with incidentally found bladder mass during second trimester ultrasound. Managed expectantly. 3 weeks post partum. T2 during pregnancy T2 post partum Same patient during pregnancy and post partum appearance of left uterosacral ligament. T2 pregnant T2 post partum •Differential Diagnosis? Same patient during second trimester presented with acute left lower quadrant pain. Concern for ovarian torsion. •Equivocal US but torsion not excluded Non-contrast MRI revealed striking intra peritoneal hemorrhage. No cause was identiﬁed, left hemorrhagic cyst was suspected. Laparoscopic exploration reveled no clear cause biopsies taken of left adnexa revealed decidual reaction. T1 T2 T1 + gad Uterine artery PSA and bleeding secondary to decidual reaction in deep endometriosis in pregnancy Emerg Radiol. 2017 Oct 6. Uterine artery pseudoaneurysm in the setting of deep endometriosis: an uncommon cause of hemoperitoneum in pregnancy. Feld Z, Rowen T , Callen A , Goldstein R , Poder L TEACHING POINTS: ▸ Young reproductive age female think uncommon presentation of common disease/Recognize Aunt Minnie when you see her ▸ Endometriosis “Many Faces”: endometriomas, deep endometriosis, decidual reaction, polypoid endometriosis ▸ Common location on deep endometriosis: rectovaginal
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Gray Millsap, MD Ovarian Torsion: What to Look for in History/Physical Exam
Gray Millsap, MD Ovarian Torsion: What to Look for in History/Physical Exam Case: 20 y/o F with history of endometriosis presents to ED with 3.5 hours of intermittent, sharp RLQ pain, lasting 10 minutes at a time and associated with nausea and vomiting. Patient is tachycardic to 102, low-grade fever of 38.1C, and negative urine pregnancy test. Physical exam is significant only for RLQ tenderness and right adnexal tenderness during bimanual exam. Although this is a classic case for ovarian torsion, the differential diagnosis for this clinical presentation is extensive: appendicitis, tubo-ovarian abscess, ruptured ovarian cyst, nephrolithiasis, urinary tract infection, diverticulitis, ectopic pregnancy, and pelvic inflammatory disease. Ovarian torsion is a gynecologic emergency caused by a mass or cyst on the ovary and/or the fallopian tube that stretches the vascular pedicle and causes rotation on its axis leading to decreased blood flow. A 2010 study demonstrated that ovarian torsion in the pediatric population was associated with an ovarian cyst (35%), benign neoplasm of the ovary or adnexa (23%), and malignant neoplasm of the ovary or adnexa (0.4%). Failure to treat ovarian torsion can result in ischemia and possibly necrosis of the involved ovary. Although this is a common gynecologic emergency (3% prevalence), almost 50% of ovarian torsion diagnoses are missed on initial presentation. The classic presentation is sudden onset of sharp, stabbing, unilateral abdominal pain with nausea and vomiting, but the signs and symptoms can be much more vague than that. The diagnosis of ovarian torsion is challenging because of the variable presentation.
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Management of Bilateral Adnexal Torsion in a Case of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
Case Report Eur Arch Med Res 2018; 34 (3): 196-9 Management of Bilateral Adnexal Torsion in a Case of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-2563 Burcu Dinçgez Çakmak1 , Gülten Özgen1 , Betül Dündar1 , Fatma Ketenci Gencer2 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gaziosmanpaşa Taksim Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey Abstract Adnexal torsion (AT) is usually unilateral and traditionally treated by oophorectomy. We present a case of bilateral AT, developed consequent to ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), man- aged by detorsion of the ovaries without oophorectomy. A 27-year-old female patient who under- went in vitro fertilization was hospitalized with acute abdomen. On ultrasonography, multifollicular ovaries, displaying continuity with each other on both sides with a size of 25×12 cm, which are consistent with OHSS and no apparent blood flow in the right adnexal area, were observed. In laparotomy, the right ovary (10×8 cm), left ovary (16×14 cm), and adnexa were bilaterally torsioned. Adnexa was detorsioned. Although it is assumed that blood flow did not improve in the ovaries, considering the patient’s fertility desire, oophorectomy was not performed. On sonography at 6 months, the size of the ovaries and blood flow were normal. Conservative surgery should be the first choice of treatment in AT to preserve fertility in patients who underwent artificial reproductive technologies. Keywords: Adnexal torsion, in vitro fertilization, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome ORCID IDs of the authors: B.D.Ç. 0000-0002-2697-7501; INTRODUCTION G.Ö. 0000-0002-7888-7583; B.D.
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MR Diagnosis of Ovarian Torsion
Arch Clin Med Case Rep 2021; 5 (1): 054-055 DOI: 10.26502/acmcr.96550325 Case Report MR Diagnosis of Ovarian Torsion Aruna Singh MD1, Lokesh Singh MD2* 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India 2Department of Radio diagnosis and Imaging, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India *Corresponding Author: Lokesh Singh MD, Department of Radio diagnosis and Imaging, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India, E-mail: [email protected] Received: 20 October 2020; Accepted: 11 December 2020; Published: 04 January 2021 Keywords: Ovarian Torsion; Pelvic inflammatory disease; Cystic mass Case Report A 20 year unmarried female presented with sudden onset pain in pelvis, predominantly on right side with associated nausea and vomiting. On examination, there was presence of a palpable lump in right iliac fossa with tenderness. Rest of her general physical examination was normal. Her menstrual history was regular. Clinical differential diagnosis of appendicitis, diverticulitis and ovarian torsion were kept. An ultrasound was performed which showed presence of right adnexal cystic mass with engorged vessels suggestive of ovarian torsion. Left ovary was normal. A pelvic MRI (Figure 1) was performed to confirm the diagnosis which revealed a 7.5 × 6 cm cystic mass in right ovary with T2 shading and Fluid levels. Few follicles were seen at the periphery of the lesion. There was engorgement of pedicle with deviation of uterus towards right side. All these findings confirmed the findings of right ovarian torsion. The classical presentation of ovarian torsion is acute onset colicky pain in pelvis with radiation to the ipsilateral flank or groin [1]. There can be tenderness and presence of a mass on pelvic examination.
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Imaging of Subcutaneous Ovarian Transposition and Its Rare Complications—A Pictorial Assay
Published online: 2021-08-05 THIEME Pictorial Essay 1 Imaging of Subcutaneous Ovarian Transposition and Its Rare Complications—A Pictorial Assay Thara Pratap1 K. Chithratara 2 Muhammed Jasim Abdul Jalal3 Dhanya Jacob1 A.K. Vishnu1 1Department of Radiology, VPS Lakeshore Hospital, Kochi, Kerala, Address for correspondence Muhammed Jasim Abdul Jalal, India MBBS, DNB, MNAMS, MRCGP (UK), MRCP (UK), Department of 2Department of Surgical and Gynaec Oncology, VPS Lakeshore Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, VPS Lakeshore Hospital, Hospital, Kochi, Kerala, India Nettoor PO, Maradu, NH 47 Bypass, Kochi 682040, Kerala, India 3Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, VPS (e-mail: [email protected]). Lakeshore Hospital, Kochi, Kerala, India J Gastrointestinal Abdominal Radiol ISGAR Abstract Ovarian transposition, as the name implies, is transpositioning the ovary from its nor- mal anatomical position to another location. This procedure is usually done to preserve Keywords the ovarian function. The most common indication of ovarian transposition is early ► subcutaneous ovarian cervical cancer in young premenopausal women to preserve fertility. Subcutaneous transposition ovarian transposition can also be done for benign conditions such as adenomyosis and ► ovarian preservation severe endometriosis in young premenopausal women. We discuss our experience ► endometriosis with ovarian transposition in 9 cases, normal ultrasound and CT imaging findings in ► adenomyosis transposed ovaries, and rare complications which occurred in 2 cases. ► fertility ► radiotherapy ► ovarian dysgerminoma ► fibroid Introduction young premenopausal women for easy ovum retrieval and to preserve fertility. Ovarian transposition is a rare procedure where the normal The surgical procedure is simple and can be performed functioning ovary is repositioned from its normal anatomical mostly by laparoscopic method or open surgery.
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