Jinja State of Energy Report 2017
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STATE OF ENERGY REPORT Jinja Municipality, Uganda Alex Ndibwami | Herbert Drazu Faculty of the Built Environment Uganda Martyrs University STATE OF ENERGY REPORT | Jinja Municipality, Uganda. Published by the Faculty of the Built Environment, Uganda Martytyrs University P.O.Box 5498, Kampala UGANDA E.A. t: +256 79 fbe 1010 (323 1010) f: +256 38 241 0100 w: http://www.umu.ac.ug e: [email protected] DISCLAIMER: This document is an output from a project co-funded by UK AID from the UK Department for International Development (DFID), the Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC) and the Department for Energy & Climate Change (DECC), for the beneft of developing countries. The views expressed are not necessarily those of DFID, EPSRC or DECC or any institution partner of the project. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: Project Coordinators: Alex Ndibwami, Mark Olweny Research Assistant: Herbert Candia Drazu Design and Layout: Jonathan Kateega SAMSET Contributors: David Mann, Josephine Namukisa, Bryce McCall, Louise Tait, Hlengiwe Radebe, Adrian Stone, Mark Borchers, Xavier Lemaire, Zanie Cilliers Municipality Contributors: Ernest Nabihamba, Christine Kayongo Enumerators: Mathew Ngango, Joseph Kigozi Nsubuga, Sheila Namutebi, Charlotte Kobusingye Editors: Alex Ndibwami, Herbert Candia Drazu ©Faculty of the Built Environment, Uganda Martytyrs University, 2017 Foreword The State of Energy report for Jinja is a reference document that has been compiled under the Supporting African Municipalities in Sustainable Energy Transitions (SAMSET) research project that was undertaken between 2013 and 2017. This energy transition study was triggered by a new approach to sustainable development that seeks to strengthen urban communities across Africa. Save for South Africa, sustainable energy policy, planning and implementation in many SSA countries like Uganda has been the core mandate of central governments with little participation of municipalities. Until now there has been a lack of disgregated data on the state of energy profle at municipality level often dragging or misdirecting any attempts at municipal planning. Inventories or state of energy profles have been country specifc and energy mandates like electricity generation, distribution and regulation have been vested in national corporate bodies and not in municipal governments yet they are charged with local urban development planning. Even key pilot climate change action programs targeted only Kampala. This therefore, is the frst attempt to generate an energy profle on the various energy uses by sector as a step towards planning for energy transitions. The study has reemphasised that development activities dwell largely on un- sustainable energy sources like biomass (charcoal and frewood), fossil fuels and less on sustainable energy sources like electricity, solar energy and biogas. In addition overall planning in key sectors like commerce, industry, housing, agriculture, public buildings and transport are not integrating the principles of energy efciency nor promoting renewable energy as such exacerbating climate change. Nonetheless, the study has revealed more details on current initiatives among households and industrial sector to harness renewable energy (waste to energy ) practices of use of cofee husks, peanut husks, bagasse, rice brand in fring boilers and investments in solar energy mainly by the private sector. Jinja municipal council and its stakeholders will utilise this information to streamline planning, regulation and implementation of sustainable energy practices and above all use it to lobby for favourable policies that will allow development of Solar PV, solar minigrids, biogas generation, energy efcient buildings and an improvement of urban mobility as a strategy to harness the potential in our urban heritage fabric. We therefore appreciate all who participated and we invite all to ensure the success of the transition to sustainable energy. Majid Batambuze His worship the Mayor Data Quality Statement This publication presents the state of energy consumption within the administrative boundaries of Jinja municipality. Energy consumption presented this way is likely skewed by political boundaries, amidst the functional service area of the municipality - its hinterland. Surburbs have grown due to urban sprawl evidenced by the largely migrant variation in day and night time population in the municipality, from 300,000 - 400,000 people by day against 76,000 by night, characteristic of a largely migrant day time population. Data collection on requisite energy parameters has not been historically collected by statistical departments and bodies at municipality, district and national level. Limitations of access to quality data may skew actual production fgures across municipal economic sectors. Energy Futures models have to some extent relied on available data sourced from various research studies. The national statistical body - Uganda Bureau of Statistics, collects econometric data.There is an urgent need for data collection, beyond econometrics, to facilitate energy analysis and planning. Existing surveys, such as the population and housing census and the National household panel surveys do not capture the details of energy usage in households. Whilst the EEBEA project made its household energy audit information public, a major bottleneck was access to industrial energy audit data, which data was available though inaccesible. Government’s information on energy is highly fragmented across various departments and often not shared in between. Vision 2040 envisages an improved standard of living, with improved access to and use of cleaner modern energy sources. With the current lack of information on the actual energy use patterns within diferent spheres of the economic, this report perhaps ofers a benchmarking study to where and how energy is being put to use. Strategies to be developed or those in development can then be frmed up with actual fgures. This report, is to our knowldge the frst of its kind in Uganda to consider energy usage across all economic sub sector categorisations at municipal level. However, because prior to this attempt, local level data collection has not taken place on the same, inference to national level statistics has had to be made. Transport sector information was markedly difcult to model at the local level. The political categorisations of town areas versus their actual service areas is markedlly problematic especially in determination of population. Jinja Municipal Council has a resident population of about 76,000 compared to a daytime population of 300,000 - 400,000 people. Most of Jinja’s workers live in its hinterland - in the towns of Njeru - Buikwe district, west of the Nile; and Bugembe, Kakira and in Jinja district. We recomend this document be read in conjuction with the jInja Municipality Sustainable Energy Strategy (UMU, 2017) and Jinja Municipality Energy Futures Report (UMU, 2017) as it is a tripartite publication series. For detailed data collection methodology and analysis see Kasese LEAP modelling technical report (ERC, 2017) Figure 1: Jinja›s functonal service area. Njeru to the west, Bugembe and Kakira to the east STATE OF ENERGYKASESE | Jinja STATE Municipality OF ENERGY | September JANUARY 2017 2017 Jinja NORTH Figure 2: Jinja municipality aeriel view 7 STATE OF ENERGYKASESE STATE| Jinja Municipality OF ENERGY | September JANUARY 2017 Figure 3: Jinja municipality aeriel view 8 STATE OF ENERGYKASESE | Jinja STATE Municipality OF ENERGY | September JANUARY 2017 2017 Figure 4: Jinja›s locaton within Uganda›s administratve divisions 9 STATE OF ENERGYKASESE STATE| Jinja Municipality OF ENERGY | September JANUARY 2017 Figure 5:Jinja›s locaton within climatc regions of Uganda 10 STATE OF ENERGYKASESE | Jinja STATE Municipality OF ENERGY | September JANUARY 2017 2017 Figure 6: Jinja energy consumpton by sector 11 Contents 17 1. Introduction 18 2. Methodology 3. National Context 3.1. Institutional and Policy Context 19 3.2. National Energy Picture 4. Local Municipality 4.1. Institutional and Policy Context 22 Context 4.2. Socio-economic Context 26 5. Energy Overview 28 6. Municipality 30 7. Households 36 8. Commercial 40 9. Industrial 42 10. Transport 47 11. Issues and Opportunities 48 Reference List 49 Appendix STATE OF ENERGYKASESE STATE| Jinja Municipality OF ENERGY | September JANUARY 2017 List of Figures No. Figure Page 1 Jinja energy consumption by sector 16 2 Jinja energy consumption by fuel 17 3 Jinja fuel use by sector 18 4 Local government energy consumption by sub-sector 18 5 Local government energy consumption by fuel 18 6 Local government fuel use by sub-sector 19 7 Number of households and energy consumption by electrifcation status 20 8 Number of households and energy consumption by income band 20 9 Household energy consumptoin by fuel 21 10 Household fuel use by electrifcation status 22 11 Household fuel use by income 22 12 Household fuel use by end-use in electrifed homes 22 13 Household fuel use by end-use in non-electrifed homes 23 14 Household fuel use by end-use in middle-income households 24 15 Household fuel use by end-use in low-income households 24 16 Commercial energy consumption by sub-sector 25 17 Commercial energy consumption by fuel 25 18 Commercial fuel use by sub-sector 26 19 Commercial sub-sector energy consumption by end-use 26 20 Fuel use by end-use in hospitality sub-sector 26 21 Fuel use by end use in ofces 27 22 Fuel use by end-use in restaurants 27 23 Fuel use by end-use in schools 27 24 Industrial