CONFIDENTIAL

WORLD WATCH® REPORT

­­ON­­

France

Date: 03/08/2019 16:31:29 GMT / UTC

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World Watch® Report from UnitedHealthcare Global France

Executive Summary for France France is a stable democracy located in Western Europe. To the southwest, the country borders Spain, and to the east, it borders Belgium, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Monaco and Switzerland. The semi­presidential government is comprised of 96 mainland départements, and also has five overseas départements: French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte and Réunion.

Independent centrist Emmanuel Macron won the country's most recent presidential elections on 7 May 2017 after a run­off against far­right Front National candidate Marine Le Pen. While Macron won with approximately 66 percent of the vote, the results point to deep­rooted political divisions and a deeply divided country. Among the most divisive issues is France’s economy, which ­­ while it is one of the largest economies in the European Union ­­ struggles with consistently high unemployment and slow economic growth.

The overall assessment of threats in France is Medium. In general, the security concern visitors to France are most likely to encounter is crime. Petty crime is common, particularly in the country's larger cities. Strikes in the public and private sectors occur frequently and may disrupt services used by travelers, including transportation. Street demonstrations also occur regularly throughout the country, frequently disrupting traffic. Although protests are usually peaceful, they sometimes devolve into violence. The threat of terrorism perpetrated by Islamist militants ­­ such as those affiliated with or inspired by al­Qaeda or the Islamic State (IS) ­­ and other extremist elements represents a continuing threat in France. Several terrorist attacks have occurred in France in recent years. Future attacks could involve large­scale bombings or less sophisticated but still deadly smaller­scale assaults. Additionally, there is a persistent threat posed by radicalized individuals who are capable of carrying out "lone wolf" attacks that are difficult to detect or prevent. Domestic terrorist groups ­­ most notably the Corsican National Liberation Front (FLNC) ­­ have carried out occasional attacks in France in the past, but the frequency of attacks has significantly decreased and foreign visitors are rarely affected. France Information Country Facts Security Issues Official French Republic Country Name Crime, mostly in the form of petty theft, is the security concern in France that Type Of Republic is most likely to affect travelers. Racially­motivated crime has become a Government growing problem in recent years. Leadership President:Emmanuel Macron, Strikes occur frequently in France. Prime Minister Edouard Philippe Demonstrations and protests are common occurrences in the country. Capital Paris The threat of terrorism remains a significant concern across France. Official French Language Crime Population 65.7 million

Crime is the security concern travelers to France are most likely to encounter, Ethnic French with North African, particularly in larger urban areas such as Paris, Marseille and Nice. Most Divisions Indochinese and Basque incidents affecting travelers involve nonviolent, opportunistic crime ­­ such as minorities pickpocketing and purse snatching ­­ as well as thefts from hotel rooms and Religion Roman Catholic (88%), Protestant parked vehicles. Thieves frequent areas popular with tourists, including hotel (2%), Islam (1%), Judaism (1%) lobbies, famous historic sites, shops, restaurants and beaches. Criminals also GDP Growth 0.5% operate on board public transportation, particularly on the metro, buses and on Inflation 0.8% both regional and long distance trains. Sophisticated groups of thieves (who are often well­dressed) sometimes operate in teams, with one member distracting the Unemployment 9.6% target while an accomplice steals valuables. Foreign travelers may be specifically Currency Euro targeted due to their perceived unfamiliarity with their surroundings. Caution is warranted when withdrawing cash from ATMs, as criminals frequently target Office Work Monday­Friday Week users. Although relatively infrequent, muggings and street robberies do

World Watch® Report from UnitedHealthcare Global sometimes occur, especially during the late­night and early morning hours in Time Zone UTC + 1 (Daylight Saving Time Offset observed) urban areas. Country Phone 33 Studies in recent years indicate an increasing number of sexual assaults Code reported in France. A study published by the French National Observatory of Capital City 01 Crime and Criminal Justice (ONDRP) in 2017 indicated that between 2014 and Phone Code 2015, more than 267,000 individuals (mostly women) experienced sexual Nationwide 112 (all emergencies), 17 (police), harassment or abuse while using public transportation in France. Emergency 18 (fire and medical), 15 (backup Number(s) medical)

In recent years, France has witnessed an increase in the number of incidents of Electricity 230 V, 50 Hz anti­Semitism and of other crimes against ethnic and religious minorities; past Plug Styles Types C, E incidents have included vandalism of religious sites and ­­ less frequently ­­ physical assaults. The likelihood of anti­Semitic attacks is highest during periods of heightened tensions in the Middle East. In addition, the Chinese government has expressed concern regarding the growing number of crimes targeting Chinese nationals, particularly tourists.

Labor Strikes

Labor strikes in the public and private sectors occur very frequently in the country. The primary concern regarding labor actions is their potential to disrupt services used by travelers, such as aviation and public transportation. Strikes are often called with little prior notice, so travelers should keep abreast of announcements ahead of and during trips. Demonstrations and protests ­­ which are discussed further below ­­ often accompany strikes.

Demonstrations

Demonstrations and protests related to domestic and international political, economic and social issues occur extremely often in France. These events may range from small groups to hundreds of thousands of people. Large demonstrations are most common in urban areas, such as Paris or Marseille. The primary security concern associated with street demonstrations for short­term visitors is traffic disruptions that can result from these protests, particularly in the case of large­scale events. While incidents of violence are relatively infrequent, they have occurred in the past. Violence is most likely to occur when extremist right­ or left­wing elements are present.

Since 17 November 2018, “yellow vest” protests over increasing fuel prices have occurred in locations throughout France. Protesters are blocking roads and holding demonstrations in and around cities; several of these protests have turned violent, resulting in multiple deaths and hundreds of injuries. These protests will likely continue for the foreseeable future, and the risk of further travel disruptions and violence remains. Therefore, travelers to the city should closely monitor associated forthcoming developments and should avoid all large gatherings.

Terrorism

Terrorism perpetrated by Islamist militant groups ­­ such as al­Qaeda or the Islamic State (IS) ­­ represents a significant threat in France. The most notable terrorist attack carried out by Islamist militants in France occurred on 13 November 2015, when several near­simultaneous attacks occurred in central Paris. The first attack occurred outside the Stade de France when a suicide bomber detonated explosives. Several minutes later, a second explosion occurred near the stadium. At the same time, approximately 7 km (4 mi) south of the stadium, gunmen opened fire at Le Carillon and Le Petit Cambodge restaurants, both located in the 10th arrondissement near Place de la Republique. This attack was followed by shootings at several other establishments in the nearby area, including La Bonne Biere, La Belle Equipe and Voltaire. Three gunmen also raided Le Bataclan (a concert venue) where they took at least 100 hostages. At least two of the gunmen detonated bombs and others fired on the crowd. Police officers eventually stormed the building; in all, approximately 90 people were killed at Le Bataclan. In total, the attacks left 130 people dead and more than 350 injured.

Attacks carried out by radicalized individuals or groups who are inspired by ­­ as opposed to coordinated by ­­ Islamist militant groups. Several such attacks ­­ which are difficult to detect or prevent ­­ have occurred in the past two years, including a vehicular attack in Nice in July 2016 and several small­scale shootings and physical assaults in Paris in 2017. Police in France often carry out anti­terror raids to help address the threat posed by radicalized individuals who are capable of carrying out "lone wolf" attacks that are difficult to detect or prevent.

Domestic terrorism is also a concern, although less so in recent years than in the past. The Corsican National Liberation Front (FLNC) has historically pressed for independence from France by conducting a low­intensity terror campaign. Most attacks committed by Corsican separatists take place on the island of Corsica, although some attacks have occurred on the French

World Watch® Report from UnitedHealthcare Global mainland. These incidents usually occur during the early morning hours, when the likelihood of causing injuries is low. The main targets include non­Corsican­owned vacation homes and French government interests. In June 2014, the FLNC announced an immediate end to its military activity, and there is optimism that the move will lead to lasting peace. However, in July 2016, a splinter group of the FLNC stated that if the Islamic State (IS) were to carry out an attack in Corsica, it would respond in kind. Additionally, the group stated it would also hold the French government accountable for any attack, which increases the risk of attacks targeting the government.

Country Tips

Travelers ­­ particularly women ­­ should take care when around new acquaintances and should not accept drinks from strangers while in France, especially if at nightclubs. Women should also be cautious when utilizing public transportation. International industrial espionage in France has raised serious concern, and there have been indications that the government sanctions it. Travelers should keep all confidential documents and laptop computers with them at all times and should avoid leaving such items in hotel rooms. Travelers should also avoid discussing confidential business matters on French airlines and in hotels and restaurants. Tap water is generally considered safe to drink in most major French cities. Communications The French telephone system is modern and efficient. Many public telephones accept phone cards, which may be purchased at post offices and metro stations.

France Country Code: 33 Paris City Code: 1 Montpellier City Code: 467 Nice City Code: 4 Strasbourg City Code: 3

Calling France landline from abroad: Country exit code + 33 + city code + phone number Calling France mobile phone from abroad: Country exit code + 33 + mobile code* + phone number

Calling France landline from within country: 0 + city code + phone number Calling France mobile phone from within country: 0 + mobile code* + phone number

Making international calls from France: 00 + country code + city code + phone number

*Mobile codes vary by call recipient's provider. Diplomatic Contacts Australian Embassy in Paris Street Address: 4 rue Jean Rey City: Paris Postal Code: 75724 Phone Number(s): (33 1) 4059­3300 Fax Number(s): (33 1) 4059­3310 Email: [email protected]

World Watch® Report from UnitedHealthcare Global Website: http://www.france.embassy.gov.au/pari/home.html Embassy Type: Australian Embassy in Paris Canadian Embassy in Paris Street Address: 35 avenue Montaigne City: Paris Postal Code: 75008 Phone Number(s): (33 1) 4443­2900 Fax Number(s): (33 1) 4443­2999 Website: http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/france/index.aspx?lang=eng Embassy Type: Canadian Embassy in Paris Chinese Consulate­General in Strasbourg Street Address: 35, rue Bautain City: Strasbourg Postal Code: 67000 Phone Number(s): (33 3) 8835­3234 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.consulatchine­strasbourg.org Embassy Type: Chinese Consulate­General in Strasbourg Chinese Embassy in Paris Street Address: 11 rue Washington City: Paris Postal Code: 75008 Phone Number(s): (33 1) 4952­1950 Fax Number(s): (33 1) 4720­2422 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.amb­chine.fr Embassy Type: Chinese Embassy in Paris Chinese Consulate­General in Marseille Street Address: 20, boulevard Carmagnole City: Marseille Postal Code: 13008 Phone Number(s): (33 4) 9132­0000 Email: [email protected] Website: http://marseille.china­consulate.org/fra/ Embassy Type: Chinese Consulate­General in Marseille Chinese Consulate­General in Lyon Street Address: 26 rue Louis Blanc City: Lyon Postal Code: 69006

World Watch® Report from UnitedHealthcare Global Phone Number(s): (33 4) 3724­8305 Fax Number(s): (33 4) 3724­0099 Email: [email protected] Website: http://lyon.consulatchine.org Embassy Type: Chinese Consulate­General in Lyon German Consulate General in Marseille Street Address: 338 Avenue du Prado City: Marseille Postal Code: 13008 Phone Number(s): (33 4) 9116­7520 Fax Number(s): (33 4) 9116­7528 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.marseille.diplo.de Embassy Type: German Consulate General in Marseille German Consulate General in Strasbourg Street Address: 6 Quai Mullenheim City: Strasbourg Postal Code: 67000 Phone Number(s): (33 3) 8824­6700 Fax Number(s): (33 3) 8875­7982 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.strassburg.diplo.de Embassy Type: German Consulate General in Strasbourg German Consulate General in Lyon Street Address: 33 Boulevard des Belges City: Lyon Postal Code: 69006 Phone Number(s): (33 4) 7269­9898 Fax Number(s): (33 4) 7243­0694 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.lyon.diplo.de Embassy Type: German Consulate General in Lyon German Consulate General in Bordeaux Street Address: 377 boulevard du President Wilson City: Bordeaux Postal Code: 33200 Phone Number(s): (33 5) 5617­1222 Fax Number(s): (33 5) 5642­3265 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.bordeaux.diplo.de

World Watch® Report from UnitedHealthcare Global Embassy Type: German Consulate General in Bordeaux German Embassy in Paris Street Address: 28 rue Marbeau City: Paris Postal Code: 75116 Phone Number(s): (33 1) 5383­4500 Fax Number(s): (33 1) 5383­4502 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.paris.diplo.de Embassy Type: German Embassy in Paris Indian Embassy in Paris Street Address: 13­15, Rue Alfred Dehodencq City: Paris Phone Number(s): 33 1 40 50 70 70 Fax Number(s): 33 1 40 50 09 96 Email: mailto:[email protected] Website: http://www.ambinde.fr/ Embassy Type: Indian Embassy in Paris Mexican Embassy in Paris Street Address: 9 rue de Longchamp City: Paris Postal Code: 75116 Phone Number(s): (33 1) 5370­2770 Email: [email protected] Website: http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/francia/ Embassy Type: Mexican Embassy in Paris Mexican Consulate in Paris Street Address: 4, Rue Notre Dame des Victoires City: Paris Postal Code: 75002 Phone Number(s): (33­1) 4286­5620 Email: [email protected] Embassy Type: Mexican Consulate in Paris Russian Consulate General in Marseille Street Address: 3, avenue Ambroise Paré City: Marseille Postal Code: 13272 Phone Number(s): (33 4) 9177­1525 Fax Number(s): (33 4) 9177­3454 Email: [email protected]

World Watch® Report from UnitedHealthcare Global Website: http://www.marseille.mid.ru/ Embassy Type: Russian Consulate General in Marseille Russian Embassy in Paris Street Address: 40­50 boulevard Lannes City: Paris Postal Code: 75116 Phone Number(s): (33 1) 4504­0550 Fax Number(s): (33 1) 4504­1765 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.france.mid.ru/ Embassy Type: Russian Embassy in Paris Russian Consulate General in Strasbourg Street Address: 6 place Sébastien Brant City: Strasbourg Postal Code: 67000 Phone Number(s): (33 3) 8836­7315 Fax Number(s): (33 3) 8835­3481 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.strasbourg.mid.ru/ Embassy Type: Russian Consulate General in Strasbourg Consulate General of Switzerland Street Address: 4, Place Charles Hernu Immeuble "Le Colysée" City: Lyon Postal Code: 69100 Phone Number(s): (33 472) 757­910 Fax Number(s): (33 472) 757­919 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.eda.admin.ch/lyon Embassy Type: Consulate General of Switzerland Consulate General of Switzerland Street Address: 23, rue Herder City: Strasbourg Postal Code: 67000 Phone Number(s): 33 388 35 00 70 Fax Number(s): 33 388 36 73 54 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.eda.admin.ch/strasbourg Embassy Type: Consulate General of Switzerland Consulate General of Switzerland

World Watch® Report from UnitedHealthcare Global Street Address: 7, Rue d’Arcole City: Marseille Postal Code: 13006 Phone Number(s): (33 496) 101­410 Fax Number(s): (33 491) 570­103 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.eda.admin.ch/marseille Embassy Type: Consulate General of Switzerland Swiss Embassy in Paris Street Address: 142, rue de Grenelle City: Paris Postal Code: 75007 Phone Number(s): (33 1) 4955 ­6700 Fax Number(s): (33 1) 4955 ­6767 Website: http://www.eda.admin.ch/paris Embassy Type: Swiss Embassy in Paris U.K. Embassy in Paris Street Address: 35 rue du Faubourg St Honoré City: Paris Postal Code: 75383 Phone Number(s): (33 1) 4451­3100 Website: https://www.gov.uk/government/world/organisations/british­embassy­paris Embassy Type: U.K. Embassy in Paris U.K. Consulate in Bordeaux Street Address: 353 Boulevard du President Wilson City: Bordeaux Postal Code: 33073 Phone Number(s): (33 5) 5722­2110 Fax Number(s): (33 5) 5608­3312 Website: https://www.gov.uk/government/world/organisations/british­embassy­paris Embassy Type: U.K. Consulate in Bordeaux U.K. Consulate in Marseille Street Address: Les Docks de Marseille ­ La Joliette Atrium 10.3, first floor City: Marseille Postal Code: 13002 Phone Number(s): (33 4) 9115­7210 Fax Number(s): (33 4) 9137­4706 Website: https://www.gov.uk/government/world/organisations/british­embassy­paris Embassy Type: U.K. Consulate in Marseille U.K. Consulate­General in Lille

World Watch® Report from UnitedHealthcare Global Street Address: 11 Square Dutilleul City: Lille Postal Code: 59000 Phone Number(s): (33­3) 2012­8272 Fax Number(s): (33­3) 2054­8816 Website: http://ukinfrance.fco.gov.uk Embassy Type: U.K. Consulate­General in Lille U.S. Consulate General in Strasbourg Street Address: 15 avenue d'Alsace City: Strasbourg Postal Code: 67082 Phone Number(s): (33 3) 8835­3104 Fax Number(s): (33 3) 8824­0695 Email: [email protected] Website: http://strasbourg.usconsulate.gov/ Embassy Type: U.S. Consulate General in Strasbourg U.S. Consulate General in Marseille Street Address: Place Varian Fry City: Marseille Postal Code: 13286 Phone Number(s): (33 4) 9154­9200 Fax Number(s): (33 4) 9155­0947 Website: http://marseille.usconsulate.gov/ Embassy Type: U.S. Consulate General in Marseille U.S. Embassy in Paris Street Address: 2 avenue Gabriel City: Paris Postal Code: 75008 Phone Number(s): (33 1) 4312­2222 Fax Number(s): (33 1) 4266­9783 Website: http://france.usembassy.gov/ Embassy Type: U.S. Embassy in Paris Health and Hospitals For information on the health environment in this location, please consult UnitedHealthcare Global's Medical Intelligence database, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the World Health Organization (WHO) or your relevant government's health website(s).

Hospital Information

Overall, France has an excellent health care system, and high­quality medical care is available throughout the entire country. Public Sector France’s public sector includes regional, university and general hospitals. General hospitals cover a range of services, including acute care (medicine, obstetrics and surgery), follow­up care, rehabilitation, long­term care and other outpatient services. They may also provide psychiatric care. Regional hospitals, however, have a higher technical capacity to

World Watch® Report from UnitedHealthcare Global deal with more complex cases, and often provide a higher level of specialization. Private Sector There is not a large discrepancy in quality of care between private and public hospitals in France, nor a great difference in price. Travelers who choose to use the private system are more likely to avoid waiting lists. Many private hospitals are, however, less equipped to handle emergency or specialized care. The largest hospitals are concentrated in Paris and larger cities. Paris and the southern regions of France are also home to more doctors than the northern part of France. Name City Name Address Phone Number

Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg Hopital de Hautepierre Strasbourg 1 Avenue Moliere +33 3 88 11 67 68

CHU de Nice Hopital de l' Archet Nice 151 Route Saint­Antoine de Ginestière +33 4 92 03 55 55

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (CHU) Hopital Lapeyronie Montpellier Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 191 Cedex 5 +33 4 67 33 67 33

CHU de Nice Hopital Pasteur 2 Nice Avenue de la Voie Romaine, 30 +33 4 92 03 77 77

American Hospital of Paris Paris 63 Boulevard Victor Hugo Neuilly­sur­Seine +33 1 46 41 25 25

Centre de Traumatologie et d'Orthopedie (CTO) Strasbourg 10, Avenue Achille Baumann Illkirch +33 3 88 55 20 00

"The information contained in this section was developed by UnitedHealthcare Global in collaboration with Harvard Medical International. Copyright 2019. This information is intended to provide accurate and helpful health information for the general public. The information should not be considered complete. It should not be used in place of a call or visit to a medical, health or other competent professional, who should be consulted before adopting any of the suggestions contained or drawing inferences from it. UnitedHealthcare Global specifically disclaim all responsibility for any liability, loss or risk, personal or otherwise, which is incurred as a consequence, directly or indirectly, of the use and application of any of the material in this section." Paris, France City Facts Status: Capital Population: 10,413,000 Crime Rate: 3 Threat Level: 3 City Overview City Background

Paris is France's political capital and the nation's cultural, financial and gastronomic center. Paris is situated in north­central Île­de­France region of France and is divided into 20 arrondissements (districts), which spiral outwards clockwise from the city's center. The Left Bank ­­ or the area of the city to the south of the Seine River ­­ is known for being an “intellectual district," while the Right Bank is a business hub and was historically home to wealthier residents; the Right Bank is also home to many of Paris' most well­known monuments.

Security Summary

The primary security concern in the city is crime. Strikes in the public and private sectors are a common occurrence in Paris and may affect services in the city. Street demonstrations and protests also occur frequently in the city. While these events are generally peaceful, violence has occurred in the past. The threat of terrorism perpetrated by Islamist militants and radical individuals inspired by extremist elements remains a concern across France, particularly in Paris. Security Issues Crime

Crime is the security concern travelers are most likely to encounter when visiting Paris. The crime rate is comparable to that of other cities of similar size. Criminals are active aboard public transportation ­­ particularly on train and subway platforms ­­ and in popular tourist areas, where crowded conditions leave travelers more vulnerable to pickpocketing and bag snatching. The rate of petty theft is increasing more quickly than any other form of crime in the city. Theft of mobile phones ­­ which increasingly

World Watch® Report from UnitedHealthcare Global involves violence ­­ is of particular concern. Theft from hotel rooms is also a concern.

Violent crime is not highly likely to affect short­term travelers, but incidents do occur periodically. For example, in April 2017, a U.S. tourist was stabbed and killed in Paris’ Montreuil suburb. The woman was reportedly taking photographs when an unknown individual attacked her. Travelers should also note that opportunistic crimes sometimes escalate into violent encounters, particularly if the victim resists. The aforementioned incident illustrates the fact that violent crime can occur in any area of the city; however, violent crime is more common in the impoverished suburbs that surround Paris than in the city center.

The impoverished suburbs surrounding Paris experience a high rate of youth gang­related violent crime, as illustrated by rioting that has occurred there in the past. Tensions in some Parisian suburbs remain high because the underlying issues that sparked past rioting in these areas remain unresolved. There is a possibility that even minor incidents in these impoverished areas may trigger a resurgence of civil unrest and rioting in the city.

Labor Strikes

Strikes in the public and private sectors also occur frequently in Paris. The primary concern regarding labor actions is their potential to disrupt services used by travelers, particularly when they occur in the aviation and public transportation sectors. Strikes are often called with little prior notice, so travelers should keep abreast of announcements ahead of and during trips. Demonstrations and protests ­­ which are discussed further below ­­ often accompany strikes.

Demonstrations

As the nation's capital, Paris experiences more protests and demonstrations than the rest of France. Such events often block the city's main arteries, leading to congested traffic or hindering access to public transportation stations. In the past, demonstrations have occasionally turned violent; however, such actions are generally peaceful. Since 17 November 2018, “yellow vest” protests over increasing fuel prices have occurred in locations throughout France. Protesters are blocking roads and holding demonstrations in and around cities, including Paris; several of these protests have turned violent, resulting in multiple deaths and hundreds of injuries. Notable protest sites in Paris include areas along and around the Champs­Elysées, as well as in parts of the city's 8th, 16th and 17th arrondissements. These protests will likely continue for the foreseeable future, and the risk of further travel disruptions and violence remains. Therefore, travelers to Paris should closely monitor associated forthcoming developments and should avoid all large gatherings.

Protests occasionally occur in areas near makeshift migrant camps, which began cropping up in Paris in mid­2015. Migrants and refugees living in these camps have sometimes demonstrated against the poor living conditions. Additionally, security forces periodically launch operations to dismantle the camps, and violence sometimes accompanies these efforts. Violence related to police actions usually remains contained, affecting only the migrants and the security forces involved in the operation. Nevertheless, the possibility of being collaterally affected by demonstrations or police actions in the vicinity of migrant camps cannot be entirely ruled out. Given that camps are frequently established near train and metro stations, travelers should take this threat into consideration if considering the use of public transportation. Although these camps are somewhat less prevalent in 2018 than in the past, it remains an issue to consider when traveling in Paris.

Terrorism

Terrorism perpetrated by Islamist militant groups ­­ such as al­Qaeda or the Islamic State (IS) ­­ represents a significant threat in France, including in Paris. Attacks carried out by radicalized individuals or groups who are inspired by ­­ as opposed to attacks coordinated by ­­ Islamist militant groups are also a major concern in France. Several such attacks ­­ which are difficult to detect or prevent ­­ have occurred in Paris. For instance, in April 2017, a gunman fired on a police vehicle near the Franklin Roosevelt subway station on the Avenue des Champs­Elysées in Paris. The gunman ­­ who was thought to be a radical Islamist ­­ killed one police officer and injured two others; a civilian passerby was also injured. Police in France often carry out anti­ terror raids to help address the threat posed by such radicalized individuals or cells.

The most notable terrorist attack carried out by IS in France occurred on 13 November 2015, when several near­simultaneous attacks occurred in central Paris. The first attack occurred outside the Stade de France when a suicide bomber detonated explosives. Several minutes later, a second explosion occurred near the stadium. At the same time, approximately 7 km (4 mi) south of the stadium, gunmen opened fire at Le Carillon and Le Petit Cambodge restaurants, both located in the 10th arrondissement near Place de la Republique. This attack was followed by shootings at several other establishments in the nearby area, including La Bonne Biere, La Belle Equipe and Voltaire. Three gunmen also raided LeBataclan (a concert venue) where they took at least 100 hostages. At least two of the gunmen detonated bombs and others fired on the crowd. Police officers eventually stormed the building; in all, approximately 90 people were killed at Le Bataclan. In total, the attacks left 130 people dead and more than 350 injured.

World Watch® Report from UnitedHealthcare Global City Tips ­ Paris

Petty theft is a concern around hotels in the vicinity of Roissy­Charles de Gaulle Airport, in department stores, on subway lines, in hotels and at tourist attractions, such as the Eiffel Tower, Pigalle (Paris’ “red light” district) and the Latin Quarter. Beggars sometimes commit petty crimes against travelers in subway stations and on train platforms, especially along lines that tourists commonly ride, such as the Number One subway line and the RER B train line connecting Roissy­Charles de Gaulle Airport to the city center. Robberies and muggings are also reported on trains operating between central Paris and Orly and Roissy­Charles de Gaulle airports during the late night and early morning hours. Travelers should avoid this mode of transport during these hours to the extent possible due to the threat from crime. Travelers should avoid public parks ­­ in particular Bois de Boulogne ­­ at night due to the presence of petty criminals. Neighborhoods with higher levels of criminal activity, particularly after dark, include Les Halles, Barbes­Rochechouart, Republique, Ile­de­France, Val d’Oise, Pigalle, Seine­et­Marne, Yvelines and Seine­Saint­Denis. An additional locale that warrants caution is Val­de­Marne, a southeastern suburb of Paris, where EuroDisney is located. Travelers should be especially careful in the city's northeast zone, bordered by Place Blanche, La Chapelle and Belleville, as these are high­crime areas. There is high crime in the housing projects that ring Paris (in areas such as Chanteloupe­les­ Vignes and Courneuve) due to high unemployment and drug use. The rate of violent crime in Paris has increased in recent years, which police officials attribute in part to thieves increasingly using violence to steal expensive mobile devices, such as smartphones. The theft of these devices accounts for approximately half of all thefts on the city's public transportation system. Violent robberies have also been reported in the vicinity of Le Bourget and Roissy­Charles de Gaulle airports. In one common scenario, criminals use pepper spray to incapacitate victims and then rob them of their vehicles or valuables. Incidents frequently occur on the A1 motorway that connects central Paris to Roissy­Charles de Gaulle and Le Bourget airports. In such incidents, well­organized groups of criminals have smashed windows of private vehicles and taxis carrying tourists and have stolen goods (usually handbags) located in the vehicles. The thefts are commonly perpetrated by individuals riding motorcycles, who target both stopped and moving vehicles. Reports indicate that shuttle vans that service hotels near Charles de Gaulle Airport have been specifically targeted in the past. Visitors also often report being victims of vehicle break­ins. Travelers should keep all valuables in their car out of sight. Gangs of youths frequent cafes at night along the Champs­Elysées, a major avenue, and have harassed or assaulted travelers on occasion. Gang­related violent crime ­­ often involving youths ­­ is also a concern in Parisian suburbs. Tensions in some Parisian suburbs remain high because the underlying issues that triggered past rioting in these areas remain unresolved. Even minor incidents in impoverished areas of Paris have the potential to lead to episodes of civil unrest and rioting in the city. The use of skimming devices to steal credit and debit card information is an increasing concern in Paris; if possible, travelers should only use ATMs in banks or other controlled areas. Some restaurants, bars and nightclubs charge well beyond reasonable rates for their drinks. There have been reports of threats of violence to coerce patrons into paying exorbitant beverage tabs. Airports & Ground Transportation Information on the following airports serving the greater Paris area is available: Roissy­Charles de Gaulle, Orly and Le Bourget.

ROISSY­CHARLES DE GAULLE AIRPORT (LFPG/CDG)

Roissy­Charles de Gaulle is the largest airport serving Paris. There are three terminals at the facility. A full range of services is available in the terminals, including restaurants, bars, shops, banking services, ATMs, post offices and business centers. Wireless Internet access is available in all terminals; there are work areas with power outlets in terminals 1, 2D and 2EF. An electric shuttle service (known as CDGVAL) runs 24 hours a day and provides transportation between the airport's terminals. General aviation flights are only permitted to land at Charles de Gaulle if the passengers or crew are connecting to Air France flights from this airport. Additionally, the aircraft in question will most likely only be allowed to stay on the ground for a limited amount of time.

The Police de l'Air et des Frontieres (PAF), the Inland Security Ministry Department, the gendarmerie and French Customs are jointly responsible for security at this airport. Army troops and security personnel are visible at the airport, and patrols are frequent. The PAF controls the movement of persons in and out of the international portion of the airport, and handles passenger, passport and visa issues. The PAF receives support from the Inland Security Ministry Department.

World Watch® Report from UnitedHealthcare Global A private company supervised by national police supplies 1,300 screeners who man various checkpoints around the airport. Passengers who set off the walk­through metal detector are directed to checkpoint workers who will conduct additional screening with a hand­held metal detector. If security personnel are still suspicious, an armed police officer escorts the traveler to a nearby curtained booth and pats them down.

Due to European security regulations, all crew members, passengers and their luggage must pass through mandatory security screenings. The screenings are provided through the FBOs. All baggage is screened by X­ray machines, and crew members/passengers are required to walk through a metal detector. Additional security checkpoints will also gradually be established throughout the airport by 2019.

ORLY AIRPORT (LFPO/ORY)

Orly Airport has two terminals; neither of these are specifically designated for corporate aviation. ATMs, currency exchange booths, shops, bars, restaurants and lounges are located in both terminals. A free shuttle bus runs between Orly West and Orly South.

Security for the airport is provided by ICTS INTL Private Agency and is aided by the French police force (police gendarmerie) and customs officials. Patrols are conducted throughout the airport on a 24/7 basis. Anyone entering the apron must pass through a checkpoint and present proper identification. All gates to the tarmac are guarded and proper airport identification is needed in order to enter. The airport is surrounded by high fences with most of the airport being well­lit at night. In order to get from the aircraft to the terminal all passengers must take a bus. There is no special parking available for corporate aircraft.

LE BOURGET AIRPORT (LFPB/LBG)

Le Bourget Airport ­­ located 15 km (10 mi) from the city ­­ is reserved solely for business and general aviation usage. It is best known for hosting the annual International Paris Air Show, as well as being the landing site for Charles Lindbergh’s historic transatlantic crossing in 1927. The airport features a 3,200 square­meter executive aviation terminal with a large ramp.

The Police de l'Air et des Frontieres (PAF), the Inland Security Ministry Department, the Gendarmerie and French Customs are jointly responsible for security at this airport. Security personnel are visible at the airport, and patrols are frequent. The PAF controls the movement of persons in and out of the international portion of the airport and handles passenger, passport and visa issues. The PAF receives support from the Inland Security Ministry Department. Ramp security in the international section is the responsibility of the Gendarmerie. The customs service is responsible for baggage and package handling. The entry point to the secure area of the airport is manned by security personnel, who operate X­ray control devices. Airport authorities conduct random checks of approximately 25 percent of persons and vehicles passing through the checkpoint to the FBOs; those selected randomly (as well as their vehicles) are subject to a full manual search. All baggage is screened by X­ray machines, and crew members/passengers are required to walk through a metal detector.

In general, handlers do not give specific security instructions to their ramp personnel. Some parking locations are isolated, so there is no direct view of the aircraft. The perimeter fence and lighting are adequate. There are two main vehicle access points controlled by the Gendarmerie, and additional access points are secured with metal gates. The handler is tasked with checking all persons who access the ramp.

Transportation

Roissy­Charles de Gaulle is located 24 km (15 mi) from central Paris, while Orly Airport is located 15 km (10 mi) from the city center and Le Bourget Airport is located 15 km (10 mi) from the city. Prearranged secure transportation is recommended as it is the most convenient and reliable mode of transport in Paris; however, there are no specific security concerns with using licensed taxis, though they may be difficult to hire due to limited availability during peak hours. Additionally, a recent shift to a fixed­rate system means that fewer taxis may choose to frequent airports in the late hours, due to a lack of monetary advantage.

Those using public transportation should be attentive to the threat of crime, as travelers are frequently targeted by petty thieves who take advantage of those unfamiliar or inattentive to their surroundings. Occasional theft and violence are reported on the metro and in railway stations, particularly along the Number One subway line, and in Gare du Nord and Gare de l’Est. Busy metro stations such as Chatelet, Les Halles, Barbes­Rochechouart­Pigalle, Concorde, Montparnasse, Nation, Republique and Porte de Clignancourt attract petty thieves and homeless persons at night. Travelers should be cautious if using the railway linking central Paris and Charles de Gaulle Airport (RER B), as pickpockets and other petty criminals are active on this route. Additionally, women should note that sexual harrassment and assaults occur frequently on French public transportation.

Robberies from vehicles (particularly taxis and chauffer­driven limousines) traveling on the A1 motorway on the route between Paris and Le Bourget and Charles de Gaulle airports have occurred in the past; valuables should be secured in the trunk of

World Watch® Report from UnitedHealthcare Global vehicles when traveling on this motorway, as criminals riding motorcycles have broken windows to steal goods left in plain sight.

French drivers are noted for their aggressiveness. Traffic drives on the right. Priorite a droite applies, especially in urban areas. Cars coming out of a side turning on the right have the right­of­way, unless a road sign indicates otherwise. All drivers in France are required to carry a reflective safety vest, a warning triangle, a hand­held breathalyzer device, a fire extinguisher, a first aid kit and spare headlight bulbs in their vehicles. The requirement extends to both residents and tourists. Violators are subject to a fine. It is illegal to drive a vehicle in France while wearing or doing anything that is perceived as an impediment to the driver. For instance, wearing headphones while driving will result in a fine of up to 135 euros (155 U.S. dollars); fines have also been issued over drivers wearing flip flops, eating while driving, smoking and other activities. Disclaimer World Watch® is confidential and is intended solely for the information and use of UnitedHealthcare Global's clients. Given the nature of the information, UnitedHealthcare Global does not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of the information because agencies outside the control of UnitedHealthcare Global contribute information to World Watch®. While UnitedHealthcare Global vets and verifies all information with the utmost care and consideration for the end user, UnitedHealthcare Global does not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of the information and specifically disclaims all responsibility for any liability, loss or risk, personal or otherwise, which is incurred as a consequence, directly or indirectly, of the use and application of, or reliance upon, any of the information on this site, including customized reports created by clients. Any alteration or modification of the content of World Watch®, either from the website or via printed reports, is strictly prohibited.

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