Annual Report of the Game and Fisheries Department for the period 1st July 1956 to 30th June, 1957

Item Type monograph

Publisher Game and Fisheries Department

Download date 07/10/2021 11:32:44

Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/32655 ·4"

Annual Report of the Game and Fisheries Departnlent

For the Period 1st July, 1956, to 3Pt~ June, 1957

I I CONTENTS ~..

REVIEW OF THE YEAR.

PART I-HEADQUARTERS, GAME AND FISHERIES

ADMINISTRATION Page General 5 Staff 6 Expenditure and Direct Revenue 7

PART II-GAME

SECTION I -ADMINISTRATION

General 11

Staff 11 Illegal Killing of Game and Breaches of the Game Laws: The Wire Snare Menace 12 Illegal Arms 13 General 14 Increase in Weapons and Hunting Without Licence 15 Legislation '" 15

National Parks, Game Reserves and Sanctuaries: National Parks 15 Toro (or Semliki) Game Reserve 15 Kigezi Game Reserve 16 Kazinga Game Reserve 16 Masha Animal Sanctuary, Ankole 16 Elephant Sanctuary, Acholi and East Madi 17 White Rhinoceros Sanctuaries 17 Bugungu Elephant and Hippopotamus Sanctuary 17 Gorilla Sanctuary 17 Page

Nkose Island Situtunga Sanctuary 18 Lake Victoria Entebbe Animal Sanctuary 18 Fisheries Research Game Tropies 18 Conferences Courses SECTION II-ELEPHANT CONTROL General 19 SEC

Control by Ranges 22 Lake Albert Region: Elepha~t General Notes on 24 Administration Elephant Hunting by Licence-Holders 25 Fisheries Launc SECTION III-NoTES ON THE FAUNA Production ;. .. (a) Mammals: Exports to the ] Marketing ... Primates 26 Boat Building Carnivora 27 Fishing Craft Ungulates 28 Fishing Gear (b) Birds 31

Propaganda ... (c) Reptile~ 31 Infringements Q SECTION IV-GENERAL Sporting Fishiq (a) Diseases of Game 31 Visitors (b) Fauna Research 32 Fish Fanning (c) Notes of General Interest 33 Deep Water Fil Statistics

PART III-FISHERIES SECTION I-ADMINISTRATION Lakes George/Edw~ General Staff 37 Lake George Legislation 37 Lake Edward 8l SECTION II-GENERAL STATISTICS AND INFORMATION Minor Lakes and W Supplies of Fishing Gear 38 Fish Supplies, Production, etc. 39 !1) Ankole Dis: Exports of Fish, 1956 40 (2) Masaka Dil Tufmac 41 (3) Kigezi Disl Crocodile- Industry 42 (4) Toro Disti Boat Building and Mechanisation of Craft 42 Dams and Fish-Far Angling 43 Lake Niamusigeri I

11 Page Page

18 Lake Victoria 43 18 Fisheries Research 43

18 Conferences ' .;..~. 44 Courses 44 ::>L

19 SECTION III-FISHERIES BY REGIONS , 22 Lake Albert Region: 24 Administration 45 25 Fisheries Launch 45 UNA Production 45 Exports to the Belgian Congo ... 46 26 Marketing ... 47 27 Boat Building 48 28 Fishing Craft 48 31 Fishing Gear 49 31 Propaganda ... 49 Infringements of the Fisheries Regulations 49 Sporting Fishing 49 31 Visitors 50 32 Fish Farming 50 33 Deep Water Fishing ... 51 Statistics 52

Lakes George/Edward Region:

37 General .. ~ 56 37 Lake George 57 Lake Edward and the Kazinga Channel 58 FORMATION 38 Minor Lakes and Waterways: 39 (l) Ankole District 59 40 (2) Masaka District 61 41 (3) Kigezi District 61 42 (4) Toro District 62 42 Dams and Fish-Farming 62 43 Lake Niamusigeri Experiment 63

111 Page

Departmental Transport ... 63 Tables of Recorded Catches, 1956 64 Lake Kyoga Region 67

SECTION IV-FISH FARMING THE GAM} Staff 71 General ...... 71 Kajansi Fish Farm 71 For the P Fish Stocks ...... 72

Im,truction ...... , 75 Extension Work .~..... 76 1. This report I Rural Water Supplies ... 77 although, as before, f Fish Farming Extension Scheme, Kigezi ...... 77 statistics refer to the c: 2. The year has sive research projects gress has already be. Appendices: greatly appreciated h arranged for three exp I Staff List '" ...... 80 problems in Uganda. II Stations and Areas of Responsibilities ...... 82 the Game and Fisheri III Honorary Game Rangers, Honorary Trout Wardens and direction of the recer Honorary Fisheries Officers ...... 85 3. The menace areas certain species I while the toll of death of animals which ha' continues to mount UI 4. The importll life conservation has has been put into th In this connection a 1 Life and Sport". Pl of Information, it has paddocks and arpha which serve a three

general public, and 30,000 visitors durin~

.. ~ 5. The routine of crops from stray increasingly difficult communication impr

IV

r Page

63 64 UGANDA PROTECTORATE .0\.'" 67

THE GAME AND FISHERIES DEPARTMENT 71 71 Report 71 For the Period 1st July, 1956, to 30th June 1957 72 75 REVIEW OF THE YEAR 76 1. This report continues to cover the period of the financial year, 77 although, as before, for the sake of continuity and accuracy many of the 77 statistics refer to the calendar year. 2. The year has been notable in particular for the launching of exten­ sive research projects on wild-life conservation problems, and much pro­ gress has already been made. This has been rendered possible by the greatly appreciated help and interest of the Fulbright Commission, who 80 arranged for three experienced American wild-life scientists to work on these 82 problems in Uganda. The latter have been working in conjunction with the Game and Fisheries Department's Biologist, as a team under the general Wardens and direction of the recently created Fauna Research Committee. 85 3. The menace of the wire snare has continued unabated. In some areas certain species of game have been virtually exterminated as a result, while the toll of deaths and injuries to human beings from dangerous species of animals which have escaped from these snares, maimed and tortured, continues to mount up. 4. The importance of education and propag~nJa in regard to wild­ life conservation has been given full recognition, and considerable effort has been put into this comparatively new facet of the department's work. In this connection a new magazine has been started, entitled "Uganda Wild Life and Sport". Published twice yearly with"the assistance of the Director I of Information, it has already proved to be popular. In addition, the animal paddocks and orphanage at the department's headquarters at Entebbe, which serve a three-fold purpose, have roused much interest among the general pUblic, and it is conservatively estimated that there were at least 30,000 visitors during the year. 5. The routine work of enforcement of the game laws and protection of crops from straying animals has continued. The latter is becoming increasingly difficult as various land use and development schemes, and communication improvements encroach further and further into the main

1 game regions, and as a result, from the point of view of game conservation on the keen and enerl and crop protection, the need for strictly controlled and properly organised jobs. settlement of land is becoming more and more apparent. 11. The Game' 6. Mention must again be made of the hard work put in by the Game Game Rangers and ( Rangers and their subordinate staff, under conditions which in many cases and Fisheries Depart have been trying and sometimes disheartening. istration and the Poli best to help and co­ 7. On the fisheries side there was continued rapid progress on all the support given by the main lakes, resulting especially from the increased use of nylon nets, and assistance of the Depa the mechanisation of canoes. By the end of the period several hundred more fishermen had purchased outboard engines and, under the influence of the boat-building section of the N.A.C. Kabalega Technical School,

Masindi, there was a general move amongst them to replace their dug-out and sewn-plank canoes with something better. The Kapalega scheme was ~ placed in the charge <;>f a qualified boat-builder in March 1957, and the design and quality of boats ;ow produced there is such that interest has been t aroused not only locally but as far afield as the Belgian Congo and French r

Equatorial Africa. The establishment of a sound local boat-building industry is considered to b~ one of the most important basic needs for the continued development of Uganda's fisheries, and high priority is there­ fore being givert to this work. 8. As regards marketing some difficulties were encountered in dis­ posing of fish from the Lake George/Edward region but in general there was a good demand and there were few problems in the other lake areas. Total production reached 45,000 tons, with a landed value of £1,700,000; about a quarter of the production was exported to the Belgian Congo. Through the good offices of the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations the services of an expert on fish marketing were obtained to make a study of present and potential markets for Uganda fish. The expert arrived in June 1957. I \ 9. In the first half of 1957 F.A.O. also kindly provided the services III of a Fisheries Statistician to make recommendations regarding the best ! methods of collecting catch statistics and other data of interest to the industry. A further F.A.O. expert, a biologist, was seconded to the depart­ ment to study the Lake George fishery with a view to determining its potential production. This study began in June 1957. 10. Fish farming continued to develop apace and the Kajansi Fish Farm had a busy year supplying fry to the public, rendering technical assistance to farmers in the field and running courses of instruction. By the end of the period 1,500 ponds had been completed by African farmers, which compares with the total of 425 the previous year. All Fisheries Officers again devoted much of their energies to this work. In addition the ever-irrcreasing list of duties and obligations resulting from the rapid development of all facets of the industry, and the consequent necessity to r: give increased technical training to up and corning African subordinates, 'I has placed much strain on them. They are therefore to be commended ii 2 1 w of game conservation on the keen and energetic way in which they have continued to tackle their and properly organised jobs. 'arent. 11. The Game Warden would again like to thank the various Honorary ork put in by the Game Game Rangers and departments who have done much to assist the Game [lS which in many cases and Fisheries Department in its work, in particular the Provincial Admin­ istration and the Police, who, busy as they are, have invariably done their lpid progress on all the best to help and co-operate. Mention must also be made of the valued use of nylon netS, and support given by the Ministry of Natural Resources, and the interest and period several hundred assistance of the Department of Information. ld, under the influence [ega Technical School, [) replace their dug-out ~ Kapalega scheme was 'ch 1957, and the design that interest has been ~ian Congo and French ld local boat-building lint basic needs for the high priority is there-

e encountered in dis­ n but in general there I I [l the other lake areas. I. f value of £1,700,000; o the Belgian Congo. re Organisation of the lrketing were obtained or Uganda fish. The

:provided the services 18 regarding the best lta of interest to the ~conded to the depart­ :w to determining its 957.

~nd the Kajansi Fish ~, rendering technical ~ of instruction. By d by African farmers, I year. All Fisheries ~ work. In addition llting from the rapid 'nsequent necessity to African subordinates 're to be commended

3 PART I.-HEADQUARTERS, GAME AND FISHERIES

ADMINISTRATION

General

12. Form of Report.-This report is, to some extent a break with tradition since, in line with revised Government policy and instructions, it has been made as brief and concise as reasonably possible. This has involved omitting the interesting stories and racy anecdotes which the public has hitherto come to expect of the Game and Fisheries Department Annual Report. However, it is hoped that any shortcomings in this direction will have been rectified by the production of the new magazine "Uganda Wild Life and Sport", which is referred to in greater detail elsewhere in this report.

13. Headquarters Offices and Grounds.-These comparatively new buildings have not only continued to be a great asset to the work of the department, but have also attracted a steadily increasing numb~r of visitors. The majority of the latter have called to see the exhibits in the library/ museum, the aquariums and the animal paddocks and enclosures. The latter were established during the year with a threefold .purpose. As a temporary home for wild animal orphans; to ,assist in scientific investiga­ tions on the ecology of various animals; and to interest and educate the general public in regard to wild life. They have now become an estab­ lished attraction to visitors of all races, and in particular at evening time and during week-ends. Enquiries have shown that ~any visitors are not local residents, and in a number of cases have come as individuals or organised parties from surprising distances.

14. From periodic checks it is estimated that not less than 30,000 people of all races visited the offices and grounds during the year. Even allowing for the fact that a number of these were regular callers, this does give some indication of the extent of the public's interest, both potential and realised. In fact at times this interest has become positively embarrassing, particularly when the Game Warden and his officers have found rows of noses flattened against the window-panes of their offices, while wondering eyes searched for the even more fascinating things which must surely be hidden within. The sight of piles of official files and rolls of red­ tape having failed to destroy this optimism, it was necessary to resort to barbed-wire fencing to prevent dislocation of normal work.

5 15. Open Days.-In addition to the facilities extended to the public Expenditure and D to view the office buildings, library/museum and aquaria during normal 19. Figures are; working hours, and the animal paddocks at any time, two "Open Days" were held during the year. Each of these was arranged for the period Expenditure­ 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. on a Sunday afternoon, during which the buildings and grounds werc thrown completely open to the public, and officers of the (a) Heae department were present to explain and answer the innumerable questions (b) Gam asked by the visitors. These two "Open Days" proved extremely (c) Fishe popular, and an official count on the second recorded over 3,000 visitors­ Africans, Asians and Europeans-during the 2 p.m. to 6 p.m. open time, while by the evening the 4,000 point had been passed.

16. New Magazine-Uganda Wild Life and Sport.-As part of the Direct Reven, drive to interest and educate the public in wild life conservation and the sporting potentials of the Protectorate, a new magazine entitled "Uganda (a) Gaml

Wild Life and Sport", to be published twice yearly, was started during the (b) Fishe year. The first issu~ was a purely amateur effort on the part of the Game (c) Gene and Fisheries Department. However, this proved gratifyingly popular and aroused much interest, and the Director of Information kindly offered to assume responsibility for the technical side of the production of future issues. As a result the second issue appeared in a mueh improved form. It must be again p It is hoped that the initial popularity of the magazine will not wane, and can be misleading. T the Game Warden wishes to take this opportunity to remind the public game licence fees and that contributions from persons, either official or unofficial, will always be revenue from customs welcome, as long as the subject covered deals with wild life (including fish) equipment used in th4 from the scientific, sporting or general interest angles. tourist industry in reh ture must be consider{ StaD fishing industry now" 17. Assistant Wardell.-The Assistant Warden, Mr. T. R. H. Owen, 20. The revenue, C.B.E., left the Protectorate in March 1957 after three years with the department, previous to which he had served for 27 years in the Sudan (a) Sale of ive Political Service. Although only with the Game and Fisheries Depart­ (b) Game lief ment for a comparatively short time, tribute must be paid to the enthusiasm (c) Sales of fi and effort he put into his work in the interests of wild life conservation. (d) Launch 1 Among other things he was the architect and editor of the first issue of "Uganda Wild Life and Sport". On his retirement the title of the post of (e) Sale of n Assistant Warden was abolished and replaced by that of Game Ranger 21. Receipts from (Headquarters). 1955 to June 1956. T in addition there was a 18. Game Ranger (Headquarters).-When the post of Assistant the price of ivory at t Ward.en became vacant, it was decided for a number of reasons, but mainly increase.,of 41 % comp; to allow for greater flexibility within the department, to alter the title of increases in other licer Assistant 'Varden to Game Ranger (Headquarters). Although a somewhat stantial drop in the nun misleading, and in some ways not entirely appropriate title, the advantages 28 %. This is thought of reducing the number of different titles of posts in the department out­ the previous year's cc weigh the dtsadvantages. The vacancy created was filled by transferring any form of game or I: a Game Ranger from the field. Report).

6 ~xtended to the public Expenditure and Direct Revenue lquaria during normal 19. Figures are as follows:­ ~,' ne, two "Open Days" ranged for the period Expenditure­ lich the buildings and £ ic, and officers (jf the (a) Headquarters 18,113 innumerable questions (b) Game 41,102 5" proved extremely (c) Fisheries 33,797 1 over 3,000 visitors- to 6 p.m. open time, TOTAL 93,012 led. rport.-As part of the Direct Revenue­ : conservation and the £ zine entitled "Uganda (a) Game 44,603 was started during th~ (b) Fisheries 68 the part of the Game (c) General 140 atifyingly popular and Ition kindly offered to TOTAL 44,811 production of future much improved form. It must be again pointed out this year that these figures by themselves ne will not wane, and can be misleading. The direct revenue is derived almost entirely from to remind the public game licence fees and the sale of "control" ivory. To this c~n be added pfficial, will always be revenue from customs dues on such items as arms and ammunition and ~d life (including fish) equipment used in the fishing industry, and indirect revenue from the tourist industry in relation to game. The fisheries side of the expendi­ [ ture must be considered in relation to the co~trol and development of a I fishing industry now worth over £1,750,000 per annum. IMr. T. R. H. Owen, 20. The revenue was derived as follows:­ Ithree years with the £ ~ years in the Sudan (a) Sale of ivory, rhinoceros horns and hippoi:eeth ... 31,130 ~d Fisheries Depart­ (b) Game licences 13,473 ~aid to the enthusiasm (c) Sales of fish caught experimentally 68 wild life conservation. (d) Launch hire 53 r of the first issue of ~e title of the post of (e) Sale of magazines ... 87 hat of Game Ranger 21. Receipts from (a) are nearly 46% higher than for the period July 1955 to June 1956. The actual weight of ivory sold was 37% higher, and in addition there was an increase of over Shs. 2 per lb., or some 13!%, in le post of Assistant the price of ivory at the May 1957 auction. Receipts from (b) show an )f reasons, but mainly increase of 4t% compared with the period July 1955 to June 1956, larger t, to alter the title of increases in other licence fees being offset to a great extent by the sub­ Although'a somewhat stantial drop in the number of Bird Licences taken out, which fell by nearly ~ title, the advantages 28 %. This is thought to have been due to an easing off of the effects of l the department out­ the previous year's concentrated drive against persons hunting without filled by transferring any form of game or bird licence (see paragraphs 24, 26 and 45, 1955/56 Report).

7 22. Game and Special Licences issued:­ 28. -Uganda supplied by the COl July 1956 July 1955 (a) to to Balanc June 1957 June 1956 Resident's (Full) 502 460 Ivory Visitor's (Full) 11 6 Resident's (Fourteen-day) 5 5 Rhin< Visitor's (Fourteen-day) 4 15 Hippl Resident's First Elephant 210 192 Resident's Second Elephant 107 84 (b) Receiv Visitor's First Elephant 9 1 Visitor's Second Elephant Decemb Bird 2,498 3,461 Ivory Rhino Hippe 23. The total number of Special Elephant Licences taken out during the period under review has increased by 15 %, and Resident's (Full) (c) Balanc Licences have increased by 9 %, but Bird Licences have decreased by 28 %. Ivory The significance of this drop is discussed elsewhere in this report. Rhino , Hippo 24. At the ivory auction held at Mombasa, the average price realised Ivory figur< per lb. was Shs. 15/81 in November 1956, and Shs. 17/95 in May 1957, Balanc

compared ,with Shs. 15/87 in November 1955, and Shs. 15/23 in May 195~ 1956. Receiv 25. The total weights of ivory, etc., sold and prices realised at the Sold d Mombasa auctions were as follows: ­ Shrink

Gross price Approximate Balanc Weights realised average price 1951 per lb. lb. £ s. cts. Shs. cts. November 1956­ Ivory · . 15,9741 12,631 5 67 15 81 Rhino horns · . 98 238 4 61 48 62 Hippo teeth · . 58l 12 6 15 4 24 May 1957­ Ivory · . 20,143! 18,076 6 29 17 95 Rhino horns ·. 22 91 o 28 82 74 Hippo teeth · . 150 80 10 48 10 74

26. A total of 36,117! lb. of ivory was actually sold in the financial year 1956/57 as compared with 26,253! lb. in the financial year 1955/56.

The amount sold in the 1956/57 financial year showed an increase of >'''(: 9,864 lb. or an increase of 37%.

27. The average prices of rhino horns sold at the two auctions were Shs. 48.1'62 and Shs. 82/74 per lb., as compared with Shs. 64/45 and Shs. 78/37 per lb. at the two previous auctions. The price of Shs. 82/74 per lb. is the highest ever recorded for rhino horns at these auctions, the previous highest being the price of Shs. 78/37 at the May 1956 auction. The faith of those addicted to the use of this peculiarly interesting product appears to remain unshaken, even in this modern age.

8 28. Uganda ivory} etc.} statzstzcs for the calendar year 1956, as supplied by the Commissioner of Customs} Mombasa:­ July 1955 (a) Balance in store at Mombasa on 31st December, 1955:­ to rune 1956 lb. 460 Ivory 1,664 6 Rhino horns 130l .'. 5 15 Hippo teeth 73! 192 84 (b) Received at Mombasa between 1st January, 1956, and 31st 1 December, 1956:­ 3,461 Ivory 33,116t Rhino horn 127 Hippo teeth 106l lCes taken out during md Resident's (Full) (c) Balance in store at Mombasa on 31st December, 1956:­ I'e decreased by 28 %. Ivory 1O,887! In this report. Rhino horn 18! Hippo teeth 31 average price realised Ivory figures: ­ 17/95 in May 1957, Balance at Mombasa on 31st December, Shs. 15/23 in May 1955 ... 1,664 Received at Mombasa during 1956... 33,116t prices realised at the Sold during 1956 ... 23,8871 Shrinkage 5 23,8921

Balance at Mombasa on 31st December, Approximate average price 1956 10,887t . per lb. Shs. cts. 15 81 48 62 4 24

17 95 82 74 10 74

r sold in the financial· nancial year 1955/56. lowed an increase of

the two auctions were with Shs. 64/45 and :e price of Shs. 82/74 at these auctions, the Ie May 1956 auction. 'ly interesting product

9 ~.. PART II.-GAME

SECTION I.-ADMINISTRATION

General

29. The Public's Attitude to Wild Life.-There have been encourag­ ing signs among the general public of the beginnings of a more enlightened attitude to wild life conservation, the value of game, and the necessity for its sensible utilisation. It is particularly encouraging that these signs have appeared among various members and sections of the African element of the community, and it is to be hoped that those pessimists who aver that there can be no long-term future for game outside national parks may well be proved to be wrong. If the number of visitors that daily visit the animal paddocks at the department's headquarters is any indication of the public's interest, then there is certainly reason for optimism.

30. Education and Propaganda on Wild Life Conservation.-The need for this continues to be vital, and during the period under review the department's efforts in this field have continued unabated. Lectures and film shows have been given to chiefs' courses, newly appointed Government officers, the Uganda Council of Women and others. A steady stream of information has been supplied for the press, broadcasts and schools' news­ letters. "Open Days" have been held at the department's headquarters offices and grounds, and many parties of schoolchildren and others, including a party of Representative Members of Legislative Council, have been shown round the museum, aquaria and the animal paddocks, the work and problems of the department being explained to them at the sam~ time. In addition, as a matter of policy individual members of the public have both been per­ mitted and encouraged to visit and look round the offices and grounds whenever these are open.

Staff 31. Game Rangers.-For greater flexibility within the department a new post of Game Ranger (Headquarters) was created to replace the post of Assistant Warden when the latter became vacant in March 1957. The duties of the post are almost entirely administrative and should not be con­ fused with those of a normal Game Ranger in the field. It is merely a change in the title of the headquarters post for convenience sake. The duties have remained the same. The post was filled by the transfer of a Game Ranger from the field to headquarters.

11 32. One Game Ranger post became vacant at the end of April 1957, Game Ranger rep on the departure on leave pending resignation of appointment of one of and waterbuck an the department's more experienced Game Rangers. This vacancy was casualties from sm filled by the return to the department of one of its old Game Rangers who Guards on patrol had previously transferred to the National Parks Organisation at its incep­ 38. In the W tion. The second field post of Game Ranger, which had become vacant of wire cable left a on the transfer of the previous holder to the new post of Game Ranger it only too easy f, (Headquarters), remained vacant at the end of the period under review due tampered with th4 to recruitment difficulties. The officer selected for appointment to the post Kilembe. They II on transfer from another department could not be released by the latter process, but it is n until the close of the financial year. However, he has since joined. the type of earth 33. Game Assistants.-The post continues to be of value but is not 1 decreased. 1 ,\ Iii easy to fill. Both the responsibilities and temptations are large in relation 39. Apart fn to the level of emoluments offered, and candidates with the right back­ struction and other ground, training, experience and character continue to be hard to find. By co-operation on th the end of the p'eriod under review, during which one probationer failed to unduly serious in make the grade,·two of the six posts remained unfilled, and of the remainder measures, there rel two only were confirmed in their appointment. However, those that have wire. This is now proved their worth have done much valuable work, and the present organ­ Ii ttle dukas all ov isation and establishment of the department, which does not allow for leave , legitimate use wha ,.. reliefs for Game Rangers, could not be operated without them. one purpose only­ 34-. Game Guards.-The work of the Game Guards has, on the whole knowledge, and the been satisfactory, although there has been the usual comparatively small 4-0. The !ega percentqge of cases where they have fallen badly from grace. When the distribution and sa degree and number of temptations with which they are faced, and the fore, the poacher extent to which they have to work on their own and largely unsupervised problem appear to is realised, it is surprising and consoling that such cases are not more local African publi frequent. However, the importance of regular and close supervision can­ severest possible p not be stressed too strongly, which presupposes both adequate senior staff connection with thl and travelling facilities. that it is noticeable 35. There were no serious casualties to Game Guards during the not pay the fine ir period under review, although there were a number of cases of very narrow skin-clad poacher 1 escapes, a high percentage of which were as a result of encounters with wad of bank-notes dangerous animals wounded or snared by poachers. unconcern. With 36. Deaths.-There were no deaths among staff of the department the illegal sale of

penalties are no det

~ during the period under review. !~ ji Illegal Killing of Game and Breoches of the Game Laws i[ 4-1. Both ille! THE WIRE SNARE MENACE extensively in ceI1 37. The menace of the wire snare, the biggest single threat to the enyjrons, where th future of wild life in Uganda, and one of the cruellest methods of poaching Besides destroying yet devised, continues unabated. Its use is particularly widespread in the are responsible for districts of Acholi, West Nile and Toro, and parts of Buganda, Busoga dangerous animals and Bunyoro, resulting in serious depletion of game stocks and danger to and fatalities. Fo] human life and limb from dangerous animals which have escaped after death by a buffalo being snared and injured. For example, in the Inde area of West Nile the made slugs in its be 12 the end of April 1957, Game Ranger reports that Uganda kob have been virtually wiped out, Ippointment of one of and waterbuck and hartebeest are rapidly facing a similar fate. ~Human I. This vacancy was casualties from snared buffalo in particular have been common, and Game ld Game Rangers who Guards on patrol have frequently been attacked by such animals. ~anisation at its incep­ 38. In the Western Range, the Game Ranger reports, the large amount :h had become vacant of wire cable left around old railway and road construction camps has made post of Game Ranger it only too easy for poachers to make snares, and thieves have actually riod under review due tampered with the new high-tension power line from the Mubuku to >pointment to the post Kilembe. They may well have got more than they bargained for in the released by the latter process, but it is reported that the Kilembe Mine authorities have changed has since joined. the type of earth wire on the transmission line, since when thefts have >e of value but is not decreased. IS are large in relation 39. Apart from the careless abandoning of old wire cable by con­ with the right back­ struction and other units, which can be controlled by a little public spirited :> be hard to find. By co-operation on the part of the users, and occasional thefts which are not e probationer failed to unduly serious in the aggregate and can be reduced by appropriate 0' and of the remainder measures, there remains the problem of the open and quite legal sale of wever, those that have wire. This is now sold in a variety of sizes in both townships and remote lnd the present organ­ little dukas all over the country. In the majority of areas it has no oes not allow for leave legitimate use whatsoever, and is stocked and sold for one purpose, and rithout them. one purpose only-poaching. There is no denying this fact, it is common ards has, on the whole knowledge, and the resulting situation is both farcical and highly.dangerous. cr comparatively small 40. The legal authorities advise that there is no way by which the Om grace. When the distribution and sale of wire can be controlled by law or regulation, there­ ly are faced, and the fore, the poacher starts with an advantage. The only answers to the ~ largely unsupervised problem appear to be constant patrolling by adequate staff, the rousing of ~ cases are not more local African public opinion against the poachers, and the infliction of the ~lose supervision can­ severest possible penalties on those that are successfully apprehended. In ~ adequate senior staff connection with the latter the Game Ranger, Northern Range, has remarked that it is noticeable that it is frequently the well-d~ssM person who can­ Ie Guards during the not pay the fine inflicted on him by the law, while the presumably poor, f cases of very narrow skin-clad poacher will reach beneath his buckskin apron to pull out a fat lIt of encounters with wad of bank-notes and pay an apparently substantial fine with complete unconcern. With an insatiable market for meat the profits to be made from Iff of the department the illegal sale of game meat are undoubtedly considerable, and mild penalties are no deterrent whatsoever.

ILLEGAL ARMS 41. Both illegal rifles and home-made shotguns continue to be used extensively in certain areas, but more particularly in Buganda and its t single threat to the environs, where the majority of the home-made guns are manufactured. : methods-of poaching Besides destroying quantities of game these crude and inaccurate weapons lrly widespread in the are responsible for the wounding of numbers of animals. In the case of of Buganda, Busoga dangerous animals such as buffalo this has often resulted in human injuries stocks and danger to and fatalities. For example in Mubende District a woman was gored to h have escaped after death by a buffalo which was later found to have no less than 17 home­ area of West Nile the made slugs in its body. .

13 42. The Assistant Resident and Protectorate Agent, Mubende, reports INCREASE that 1956 was a "gala year" for illegal guns in that district, since the Police 49. The follo and Administration managed to recover a total of 20. Four of these were ratio between Garr. rifles, two being '303's, and the remainder home-made shotguns. Despite this fine job of work there were still some 60 more remaining in the district according to the Assistant Resident's estimate. Year I I 43. In Masaka District, in addition to obtaining several convictions for the illegal possession of home-made guns, the Police were successful 1954 .. I 2 in arresting three persons for illegally manufacturing firearms. The latter 1955 .. 2 1956 .. .. 2 were convicted and sentenced to terms of imprisonment ranging from two and a half to four years. 50. In 1956 f 44. Much of the ammunition for these illegal weapons is obtained 4'01 licensed rifles 2 from unscrupulous licence-holders, who often manage to obtain surprising cate a slight impro quantities of ammunition by one subterfuge or another, and dispose of it 1955/56 Annual ReI to the poachers at a handsome profit. This renders imperative the strictest possible control on the issue and checking of ammunition purchase permits. 51. Legislation GENERAL (a) Legal f 45. Apart (rolll the wire snare problem, and the more localised one list of districts i of elusive illegal firearms, poaching generally has been kept at a reasonable appropriate auth level, but not without the expenditure of considerable time and effort on (b) Legal f the part of the comparatively small field staff of this department. for all animals ' 46. Well armed poachers from the Sudan were active in the Lamwo a period of one y and Chua cQunties of northern Acholi for a time, and a number of animals, 52. The amenc including giraffe and rhino suffered as a result. Intensive patrolling finally effective under pres proved a fairly effective deterrent, although none of the poaching gangs great deal of careful t was actually caught. The areas concerned are large, the force of Game Guards available small, and the gangs were undoubtedly well informed as National Parks, GI to the movements of the Game Guards.

47. In North Karamoja spear-blooding parties of young Jie warriors 53. No new ll2 in pursuit of elephant, rhino and buffalo proved troublesome in the N apori review, but the pop and Nangeya hills, and also extremely elusive. The Didinga and Mening Falls National Park! from over the Sudan border, on the other hand, gave comparatively little remained a member trouble this year, due probably to the operations of the increased force of the National Parks ; Game Guards in the area which was closely supervised by one Game worked in close CO-( Ranger or another throughout the dry season. There were only two major in the official annual clashes, one with a raiding party of some 150 Mening spearmen, and the other with about 30 well armed Didinga out for blood. Both these parties were suitably and firmly dealt with, without bloodshed, and the effects 54. This reser appear to have been salutary. Uganda kob, beside! 48. On Mount Elgon large, well organised and aggressive gangs of living on its border: J?oachers from Bugisu and Sebei continued to give trouble, operating stop such poaching .mainly on the Kenya side of the mountain but bringing most of the meat and his Game Gual back to the Mbale area for sale at as much as Shs. 2/50 per lb. Limited within reasonable b< staff has obviated much action being taken against them to date. prosecuted as a resul

.., 14 ent, Mubende, reports strict, since the Police . Four of these were ide shotguns. Despite maining in the district Combina- Resident's Year Rifles Shotguns tion arms Muzzle Game Bird I (Gun and Loaders Licences Licences Rifle) issued issued Ilg several convictions , ' ---- - )olice were successful 1954 2,010 3,340 19 2 409 2,181 ~ firearms. The latter 1955 2,074 3,424 17 2 402 2,340 1956 2,005 3,491 24 484 2,425 ent ranging from two

50. In 1956 for every Resident's Game Licence issued there were weapons is obtained +01 licensed rifles as against 5'16 licensed in 1955. This appears to indi­ e to obtain surprising cate a slight improvement on the situation described in paragraph 45, her, and dispose of it 1955/56 Annual Report, but it still requires to be closely watched. mperative the strictest tion purchase permits. LEGISLATION 51. Legislation affecting game was as follows: ­ (a) Legal Notice No. 98 of 1956 which added Karamoja to the he more localised one list of districts in which the shooting of birds on or near dams without n kept at a reasonable appropriate authority is prohibited; .le time and effort on (b) Legal Notice No. 241 of 1956 which declared a close season l department. for all animals within the Lake Mburo region of Ankole J:?istrict for . active in the Lamwo a period of one year from 1st December, 1956. a number of animals, 52. The amending legislation designed to make the game laws more nsive patrolling finally effective under present-day conditions, has continued to receive a very f the poaching gangs great deal of careful thought during the year. e, the force of Game edly well informed as National Parks, Game Reserves and Sanctuaries NATIONAL PARKS .. . of young lie warriors 53. No new national parks were established during the period under Jlesome in the Napori review, but the popularity of both the Queen Elizabeth and Murchison Didinga and Mening Falls National Parks has continued to increase. The Game Warden has re comparatively little remained a member of the Uganda National Parks Board of Trustees, and the increased force of the National Parks and Game and Fisheries Department field staffs have rvised by one Game worked in close co-operation. The national parks are dealt with in detail ~ were only two major in the official annual report of the Trustees. Ilg spearmen, and the d. Both these parties TORO (OR SEMLIKI) GAME RESERVE shed, and the effects 54. This reserve continues to maintain a very large population of Uganda kob, besides other game, despite steady poaching by local people d aggressiye gangs of living on its borders. With the limited staff available it is impossible to ,e trouble, operating stop such poaching altogether, but the Game Ranger, Western Range, ring most of the meat and his Game Guards have, with considerable effort, managed to keep it ~/50 per lb. Limited within reasonable bounds. A number of poachers have been arrested and lem to date. prosecuted as a result.

15 KIGEZI GAME RESERVE ELEPIL 55. This remarkable little reserve which lies at the south-western end 64. The game. of the Queen Elizabeth National Park and borders on the Parc National ing from all sides­ Albert in the Belgian Congo, carries a very large head of game; the most permanent camps wI common being topi, kob and buffalo. Two herds of topi which can be have howe.ver, done seen at any time, number over a thousand and about three hundred respec­ planned to be built l tively. Satisfactory herds of kob can be seen throughout the area. There in the Zoka Forest are a number of large herds of buffalo which can be found in the open Madi, it is hoped tl and closely approached at any time of the day. a thing of the past 56. Lions are not uncommon and have been quite frequently seen; region are certainly on a number of occasions they have been observed actually up two parti­ cular trees which they sec::m to favour as a look-out. 57. The game has been much disturbed by the building of the new 65. Mount Kt Katunguru-Rutchuru road which runs through much of the reserve. square miles in extt Nevertheless, the animals are already beginning to get used to this intru­ The Game Ranger r sion on their privacy and passing vehicles do not now evoke overmuch remains at about 10 concern. -. the rains large breel 58. Early one morning two topi were found dead with broken necks but smaller game aF in one of the small cuttings through which the road passed. It is believed from across the bord that during a stampede from lions the previous night, they jumped over 66. Mount Ot. the edge of the cutting: A male kob also broke his back when he jumped the Sudan, but as il off a bank into the road as a lorry approached. As yet these are the only it does not offer the

known casualties the road has caused; it is to be hoped that the animals sanctuary move fret qUic~ly

will learn road sense. the Sudan, and tot 59. Many thanks are again due to Mr. E. A. Fangoudis, Honorary about the commone~ Game Ranger, who has continued to guard the reserve against the depreda­ are fairly often me tions of poachers, while at the same time protecting shambas in the area only one pair were Sl against straying animals. KAZINGA GAME RESERVE BUGUNGt 60. This reserve merely consists of a few small inhabited areas lying 67. As during within the Queen Elizabeth National Park (see paragraph 81, 1952 Annual control in this sanc1 Report). the area and in son MASHA ANIMAL SANCTUARY, ANKOLE boundary. This di 61. This area holds a good variety of game, including a considerable found to be residing head of roan antelope, but for an area that has been closed for a number ing, when Game Gl of years larger herds would normally be expected. There may be an at back in the safe sal present unknown factor to account for this. had to be shot at n 62. With the wise support of the Ankole Eishengyero the adjoining area north of Lake Mburo, south of the main Mbarara/Masaka road, and eastwards to the Masaka border was closed to all hunting for a period of 68. This san< one year from 1st December, 1956, since it had been heavily overshot, Mgahinga has been

mainly by parties from Masaka, Kampala and elsewhere outside the district. efforts of Mr. M. ~ 63. The Game Ranger reports that, during the period that the area Kisoro, who is also has been..• closed, the game has become noticeably more tame and is showing 69. At the SQ up much better. But it will take at least two good breeding seasons to to attract the gorill have any real effect on numbers. various other food

16 ELEPHANT SANCTUARY, ACHOLI AND EAST MAD! It the south-western end 64. The game in this fine area continues to thrive despite heavy poach­ s on the Pare National ing from all sides-even from West Nile across the river. Two semi­ ~ead of game; the most permanent camps which have been established on the Aswa and Orne rivers B of topi which can be have however, done a great deal to cut this down, and with an?~her two It three hundred respec­ planned to be built at the present time, one on the Apa River and the other Jghout the area. There in the Zoka Forest region, to deal with the poachers from West Nile and l be found in the open Madi, it is hoped that the large-scale poaching of the past, will indeed be ~.", a thing of the past. The great concentrations of game in parts of this I quite frequently seen; region are certainly well worth conserving for planned utilisation. i· I actually up two parti­ VVHITE RHINOCEROS SANCTUARIES :he building of the new 65. Mount Kei White Rhinoceros Sanctuary.-This area is some 160 much of the reserve. square miles in extent and being a Crown Forest Reserve is uninhabited. get used to this intru­ The Game Ranger reports that the white rhino population of this sanctuary t now evoke overmuch remains at about 10 beasts, and no young were seen during the year. During the rains large breeding herds of elephant enter this area from the Sudan, dead with broken necks but smaller game appears to be decreasing due to the activities of poachers 1passed. It is believed from across the border. ight, they jumped over 66. Mount Otze White Rhinoceros Sanctuary.-This area also adjoins s back when he jumped the Sudan, but as it is smaller (some 80 square miles) and easier to patrol, s yet these are the only it does not offer the problems of the Mount Kei area. The animals in this hoped that the animals sanctuary move freely between Uganda and the Nimule Game Reserve in the Sudan, and totals are extremely difficult to arrive at. Elephant are ,. Fangoudis, Honorary about the commonest beasts but white rhino, buffalo and the smaller species tve against the depreda­ are fairly often met with. Giant eland also occur, but during the year ng shambas in the area only one pair were seen.

BUGUNGU ELEPHANT AND HIPPOPOTAMUS SANCTUARY III inhabited areas lying 67. As during last year a number of el~phant had to be killed on 19raph 81, 1952 Annual control in this sanctuary. Cultivation is very widespread and scattered in the area and in some places crops are grown almost on the national park OLE boundary. This did not help the elephant contr~l a~ these animals were ncluding a considerable found to be residing in the park, and raiding cultivation at night. By morn­ en closed for a numb~r ing, when Game Guards could deal with them, the animals were generally There may be an at back in the safe sanctuary of the parle As a result a number of elephant had to be shot at night in the actual Bugungu sanctuary area. hengyero the adjoining GORILLA SANCTUARY trara/Masaka road, and lUnting for a period of 68. This sanctuary on the Birunga volcanoes of Muhavura and been heavily overshot, Mgahinga has been much in the news during the year, largely due to the lere outside the district. efforts of Mr. M. W. Baumgartel, proprietor of the "Travellers Rest", ~e period that the area Kisoro, who is also an Honorary Game Ranger. )re tame and is showing 69. At the suggestion of this department Mr. Baumgartel has tried od breedi'ng seasons to to attract the gorillas by feeding them with bananas, sugar cane, salt and various other foods but they would not touch any of them. As yet

17 unfortunately, he has been unable to find a way to attract gorillas to and keep 74. There h:l1 them in any given area, but with some outside assistance he has collected tusks fr0n:t elephant much interesting information as to the habits and movements of the great over were shot in 1 apes on the volcanoes. 1954-. Over 4-8% ( 70. The Game Ranger visited the area three times during the year over 17% were u and on one occasio'n watched two male gorillas for over an hour. A number 21 %respectively in of visitors to the volcanoes have been fortunate in seeing these mighty apes. 75. Sixty leop, in 1955. Other tre NKOSE ISLAND SITUTUNGA SANCTUARY and one blue duikel 71. Unfortunately it has not been possible to visit this remote Lake Uganda in transit vi Victoria islet this year, but it is feared that the outlook for its situtunga Vurra and Atiak. population is gloomy. They are too easily poached by the visiting fisher­ men who use the island as a temporary base (see paragraphs 4-87 to 489, 1955/56 Annual Report). SEC'] ENTEBBE ANIMAL SANCTUARY General 72. The birds and the few hippo in the area continue to be a local 76. It is estim attraction, while from time to time the shy situtunga can be seen in the year 1956 was appn swamp near. the road to the airport. But many people unfortunately, by licence-holders 0 demonstrate their innate stupidity by throwing stones at the hippo when causes. This repres the latter are close to the bathing beaches, and often while other equally foolish people are swimming in the close vicinity of these normally com­ paratively amiable beasts. There is a limit to a hippo's patience, and parti­ 77. There was cularly that of a crusty old bull, and if one day these acts end in a tragedy in the course of cont the persons concerned will only have themselves to blame. the overall total for increase of nearly 38 Game Trophies sary were, as usual, Mubende Districts. 73. Return of tusks from elephant shot by licence-holders during the calendar year 1956:­ 78. This subst

Un­ 100 attributed to the gr District der lb.10 I lb.20 lb.30 lb.40 lb.50 lb.60 I lb.70 I lb.80 lb.90 1 lb. Total

10 and and and and and and and and and and Tusks viously free of culti" lb. over over over over over over ove~ over over over I Mengo .. - --1--4-31 -15---5---4--- 1--=----=---=--60- movements of eleph: Mubende . . -- - 1 15 10 3 1 - - - - 30 projects. This is p Masaka .. ------4 - - - - - 4 Ankole .. -- 4 4 10 - 2 - 4 - , - 24 several extensive ne Toro - 1 7 22 15 7 3 3 -- -- 58 Kigezi . . -. - 1 1 6 6 2 - - 2 ­ 18 Bunyoro- Districts and where

Hoima -- 1 13 15 5 2 - - - - 36 construction in areas Masindi . . '- 4 25 21 34 14 14 4 1 1 - 11~ West Nile .. -- 8 10 4 3 1 - - - - 26 Madi .. ------2 2 - - - - 4 Acholi . . - 11 19 39 26 18- 7t 6 1 - - 127 Lango . . - -- 4 8 1 1 - - - - - 14 19. The extrer Karamoia . . - - - - 2 5 1 - - - - 8 Teso . . - - - - 2 ------2 settled areas makes

TOTAL " -=-'1-1-7-'74~14073-39-1-3- --6-'--3-1--=---1529 cult. There is rar

Percentage -I~--~~---~--I'-'~ agricultural commu distributiolJ~f total tusks by effective protection weights .. - 3 '21 13 '99 31 26 '47 13'8 7 '37 2 '46 1'13 0 ,57 I 100% cultivation is often the borders of a na This represent 266 elephant, which is an increase of nearly 27% on the 1955 figure of 210 elephant. .. 1 single tusker. damage to crops iE t 2 single tuskers.

18 Ilct gorillas to and keep 74. There has been a slight overall improvement in the weights of tance he has collected tusks from elephant shot on licence. 32 elephants with tusks of 60 lb. and lovements of the great over were shot in 1956 as compared with 35 elephants in 1955 and 19 in 1954. Over 48 % of all tusks obtained were under 40 lb. in weight, and times during the year over 17 % were under 30 lb. in weight as compared with 5{).% and 'er an hour. A number 21 %respectively in 1955. 1 seeing these mighty 75. Sixty leopard skins were exported in 1956 which is five more than in 1955. Other trophies exported were four lion skins, five zebra skips my and one blue duiker karosse. No ivory curios and game trophies enter~d visit this remote Lake Uganda in transit via the customs posts of Kisoro, Merama Hill, Mpondwe, tlook for its situtunga Vurra and Atiak. by the visiting fisher­ )aragraphs 487 to 489, SECTION H.-ELEPHANT CONTROL General continue to be a local 76. It is estimated that the total elephant wastage for the calendar ga can be seen in the year 1956 was approximately 1,300, including animals shot on control or people unfortunately, by licence-holders or killed by poachers, and also deaths due to natural les at the hippo when causes. This represents an increase of 30% on the previous year's figure. en while other equally ,f these normally corn­ Ia's patience, and parti­ 77. There was a considerable increase in the number of elephant shot e acts end in a tragedy in the course of control operations in almost every part of the Protectorate, ) blame. the overall total for the year being 911 compared with 661 'in 1955; an increase of nearly 38 %. The areas where most control shooting was neces­ sary were, as usual, Masindi and Toro followed by Mengo, Acholi and Mubende Districts. licence-holders during

78. This substantial Illcrease III control shooting can probably be 80 90 100 attributed to the growing number of resettlement schemes in areas pre­ lb. lb. lb. Total and and and Tusks viously free of cultivation, and to the disruption of the normal migratory over over over movements of elephant herds by agricultural, forest an"a other development 60 30 projects. This is particularly true of Western Province where there are 4 4 24 several extensive new resettlement schemes in Toro, Kigezi and Ankole 58 2 18 Districts and where there has been a considerable amount of new road 36 construction in areas of high elephant population. 118 26 4 127 14 79. The extremely scattered nature of cultivation in the more sparsely 8 2 settled areas makes protection from elephant and other game doubly diffi­ - -6---3-1-=-152"9 cult. There is rarely any attempt at consolidation into closely settled agricultural communities which game would generally avoid, and where ~::I--I-= effective protection could be provided with the minimum staff. New cultivation is often deliberately sited in some completely isolated area on the borders of a national park or in some other game infested area where he 1955 figure of 210 elephant. damage to crops is inevitable. However, there is little doubt that the

19 people concerned are generally more interested in game meat than agn­ District N, cultural crops and can therefore expect little sympathy. Ele

80. The problem of elephant control in the neighbourhood of national Mengo parks becomes increasingly difficult. The elephant in the parks soon lose Mubende Masaka their natural fear of humans and consequently become particularly trouble­ Ankole

some in cultivated areas near the park boundaries-making hit and run Toro .. 1 ~ Kigezi (

raids on bananas, millet and other crops and then returning quickly to the Hoima 1 Ma~indi 2; sanctuary of the park, where they know that they are safe from retribution. West Nile c If the parks are to retain the goodwill of the local people such raiders must Madi "

Acholi oft~n be punished. This involves night shooting as they usually only Lango venture on these forays out of the park after dark. Inevitably, an occasional Busoga animal must escape wounded and return to the park where it may become TOTAL 86

a considerable menace to unsuspecting visitors.

Anothe~ 81. gmwing problem is the protection of young trees from 85. The avera~ elephant damage in the valuable timber producing forests such as Budongo year's figure of 16'45 and Kibale. We still know comparatively little about elephant in these vast tracts of forest, but it is probable that they contain fairly large resident 86. It will be s populations and also that they are visited at certain seasons by herds from Districts respectively other areas. . Damage is caused by nipping off the tops of young saplings elephants killed on " and also by scoring the bark of larger trees. The latter type of damage is shot in these two dis not however particularly serious, and the main problem is the protection 87. The folio,," of young regeneration in recently felled areas. Extensive shooting in most received at district of these forests would only tend to drive elephant out into the surrounding control ;­ inhabited areas where they would create havoc among agricultural crops.

Un- 1, 82. A compaign has been started in the Budongo Forest to exclude District der n 10 ar elephant from certain regeneration areas by means of limited shooting, lb. ov and it is reported that this is meeting with some success. Experiments __~__' - Mengo I 83 5 are also being tried, in conjunction with the Forest Department, in the Mubende 42 5 use of various types of fencing and of mechanical bird scarers. Masaka 9 Ankole I 11 1 Toro 113 8 83. In any discussion of elephant control some tribute should be paid Kigezi 19 5 Hoima .. 14 1 to the African Game Guards who carry out this difficult and often very Masindi . . 139 15 dangerous work as part of their everyday duties. As often as not their West Nile. . 44 4 Madi I 43 2 hunting is done under the worst conditions imaginable; either at night by Acholi SI 4 the glimmering light of a torch, or in 15 foot high elephant grass where Lango I 32 2 Busoga

visibility is practically nil and where the elephant, knowing that they have the advantage, tend to be viciously aggressive. For comparatively small TOT~; 1600156 wages these askaris endure sometimes severe risks and hardships, carrying on their duties quietly and on the whole efficiently without any complaint. Only 12 elephants Their courage, endurance and loyalty is worthy of recognition. cultivation, and 68% of al

84:" The number of tusks reported on ivory returns as received at District Headquarters during 1956 from elephants killed on control, is as under:­

20 :ame meat than agn- District No. of Male Female Total Single Total Elephant I I Tusks Tuskers Weight

I lb. lbourhood of national Mengo · . 84 67 17 162 6 ~., 1,941 n the parks soon lose Mubende · . 74 68 6 147 1 2,606 Masaka · . 6 5 1 12 - 140 e particularly trouble­ Ankole · . 22 17 5 44 - 814! -making hit and run Toro .. · . 152 64 88 297 7 5,242 Kigezi ·. 62 62 - 123 1 2,393 :urning quickly 'to the Hoima · . 17 7 10 34 - 478 Mailindi · . 222 139 83 440 4 7,620l safe from retribution. I West Nile · . 52 20 32 104 - 1,310! )ple such raiders must Madi .. · . 51 33 18 101 1 1,638! Acholi · . 77 I 40 37 152 2 2,730 as they usually only Lango · . 39 23 16 77 1 1,235! Busoga evitably, an occasional · . I 7 7 - 13 1 473 I where it may become TOTAL .. I 865 552 313 1,706 24 28,622! I I I \

I of young trees from 85. The average weight per tusk was 16·78 lb. as compared with last rests such as Budongo year's figure of 16'45 lb. out elephant in these 86. It will be seen from the above that Taro and Bunyoro (Masindi) in fairly large resident Districts respectively account for 17 and 26 of the total number of leasons by herds from % % elephants killed on "control", that is 43 of all "control" elephants were ops of young saplings % shot in these two districts as compared with 53 in 1955. tter type of damage is % )lem is the protection 87. The following figures show the weight distribution of tusks Ilsive shooting in most received at district headquarters during 1956 from elephants shot on t into the surrounding control:­ mg agricultural crops.

Un­ 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 19o Forest to exclude District der lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. Total 10 and and and and and and and and Tusks I of limited shooting, lb. over over over over over over over over success. Experiments It Department, in the ~~5d' ~i ig-;r: ~- · l-l1~ ird scarers. •.1- II - Ankole .. I 11 18 11 2 - - - ~ 2 2 46 Toro 113 82 42 34 17 6 - 2 1 297 Kigezi . . 19 52 30 15 4 3 - - - 123 tribute should be paid Hoima . . 14 12 4 2 2 - - - - 34 ifficult and often very Masindi . . 139 150 78 43 19 7 1 3 - 440 As often as not their West Nile.. 44 45 12 3 - - - - I- 104 Madi .. I 43 29 11 11 2 I 3 2 - I- 101 lie; either at night by Acholi . . 51 43 37 I 9 6 1 1 2 2 152 Lango .. I 32 23 10 6 4 1 - 1 - 77 elephant grass where Busoga . . - 3 5 1 - - 1 3 I- 13 [lowing that they have ,r comparatively small TOTAL .. \60056212821150164271--5---1-3-1 5 1,708 ld hardships, carrying rithout any complaint. Only 12 elephants with tusks weighing over 60 lb. apiece were shot while protecting cultivation, and 68% of all tusks obtained on control were under 20 lb. each. cognition.

'eturns as' received at illed on control, is as

21 88. Found ivory trom controlled areas:- considerable increase influx of elephant frQ] Un­ 50 93. The majori District der lb.10 I lb.20 lb.30 I lb.40 lb. Total Total 10 and and and and and Tusks Weight and in Aringa and :f lb. over over over over over lbs. the M t. Kei Crown I j--'--'--'--.-- Mengo 2 - 2 l4i in the cultivated area: Mubende 3 - 1 3 1 8 21St ing again to the safet) Ankole 5 6 8 - 2 - 21 410! Toro .. 5 10 2 - 17 201 94. Details are Kigezi .. 422 2 10 194 Masindi 18 10 - - 28 164t (a) Madi Acholi .. 2 33 835 ·4 9 7 I 71 4 Lango .. 4 1 3 - - - 8 1061 (b) West Karamoja 2 4 - 1 I 1 - 8 147 I TOTA TOTAL 1471421231-1-11-7 I 5 113511 2,2881

;. . 95. Karamoja J 89. The following figures represent the number of tusks of below and moja Range during d over 10 lb. weight obtained in contravention of the Game Ordinance and 96. Lake Alber confiscated by Government:­ , sary in Lake Albert I ing for a total of 3: Un- 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 District 'der lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. Total Total Of this total 242 weI 10 and and and and and and and Tusks Weight Counties of Mengo. I lb. over over over over over over over lbs,

------97. At the requ .~ , Mengo - 6 5 - -- - · . 2 13 329 in April 1957 to rer il Mubende · . 1 - 1 - - -- - 2 36 ;, Hoima · . 7 9 8 -- - -- 24 368 Budongo Forest. Tl Masindi · . 6 2 ------8 146 Madi · . - 2 2 -- -- - 2 6 243 take ten years. Some Acholi · . - 10 -- - -. - - 10 156! out of certain sectors Teso · . - 4 ------4 52! I I mahogany and other t -1-----.__._--­ 1 -2-1 TOTAL · . 14 33 I 13 I 5 I -- I-I­ 67 1,331 98. Details are; (a) Masindi Control by Ranges (b) Hoirna !I (c) Mengo 90. Northern Range.-132 elephant were shot on control operations in Acholi and Lango Districts during the year, compared with 107 in 1955. TOTAL This rise in the number of elephant shot was due to increased control shoot­ ing in Lango District, particularly in Oyam County near the borders of the Murchison Falls National Park. 99. Western R£ operations compared 91. Details are as follows:­ District and 77 in Mu (a) Acholi 48 males, 40 females-Total 88 ,100. This cons (b) Lango ... 25 males, 19 females Total 44 attributable, as elsew cultural, forestry and, TOTALS 73 males, 59 females 132 ..• ment schemes in To cultivation on the bo 92. West Nile Range.-103 elephant were shot in the course of cultiva­ tended to disrupt the tion protection in West Nile and Madi Districts compared with 35 in 1955. to throw them into c14 This rise of nearly 200 % in numbers of elephant shot was due to a results.

22 considerable increase in the area of land under cultivation and also to an influx of elephant from the Sudan, especially in West Madi. 50 93. The majority of the control shooting was necessary in West Mlidi lb. Total Total and Tusks Weight and in Aringa and Koboko Counties of West Nile. Breeding herds from over lbs. the Mt. Kei Crown Forest and White Rhino Sanctuary caused some trouble - - 2 141 in the cultivated areas to the west, making hit and run raids and thet!'return­ 1 8 215! ing again to the safety of their refuge. - 21 410! - 17 201 94. Details are as follows:­ 2 10 ,194 - 28 164! (a) Madi 33 males, 18 females-Total 51 2 33 835 - 8 1061 (b) West Nile ... 20 males, 32 females-Total 52 - 8 147 --- TOTALS 53 males, 50 females 103 5 \135 I 2,2881

95. Karamoja Range.-No control shooting was necessary 111 Kara­ of tusks of below and moja Range during the year. Game Ordinance and 96. Lake Albert Range.-As usual more control shooting was neces­ sary in Lake Albert Range than anywhere else in the Protectorate, account­ ing for a total of 331 elephant compared with 280 in the previous year. 70 lb. Total Total Of this total 242 were shot in Bunyoro and 89 in the Singo and Bulemezi and Tusks Weight Counties of Mengo. r over lbs. ------97. At the request of the Forest Department a campaign was started - 13 329 - 2 36 in April 1957 to remove all elephant from the regeneration areas in the - 24 368 Budongo Forest. The Game Ranger estimates that the campaign may well - 8 146 2 6 243 take ten years. Some success has already been achieved in keeping elephant - 10 1561 out of certain sectors of the forest where they were causing damage to young - 4 52! mahogany and other timber producing species. --2-1 67 1,331 98. Details are as follows:­ (a) Masindi 138 males, 87 females-Total 225 (b) Hoima 7 males, 10 fe~ales--Total 17 (c) Mengo 62 males, 27 females---Total 89 on control operations ared with 107 in 1955. TOTALS 207 males, 124 female~ 331 1creased control shoot­ lear the borders of the 99. Western Range.-240 elephant were shot in the course of control operations compared with 172 in 1955. Of these 163 were shot in Toro District and 77 in Mubende. -Total 88 100. This considerable increase in the numbers of elephant shot is Total 44 attributable, as elsewhere in the Protectorate, to the steady growth of agri­ cultural, forestry and other activity in previously undisturbed areas. Resettle­ 132 ment schemes in Toro and neighbouring areas of Ankole and increased cultivation on the borders of the Queen .Elizabeth National Park have all in the course of cultiva­ tended to disrupt the normal seasonal movements of elephant and thereby lpared with 35 in 1955. to throw them into closer contact with man with, for the elephant, disastrous 1t shot was due to a results.

23 101. The Game Ranger in charge of the area has pointed out the census was carried '( difficulty of guarding small isolated areas of cultivation which cannot be when most of the g given adequate protection. It is, as he emphasises, particularly necessary +,153 elephant and. to ensure that major elephant migration routes are unobstructed by Falls Park and tht haphazard cultivation as, otherwise, herds are likely to be scattered with a included a concentr resulting increase in crop damage. waters of the Titi Ri and another of 500 102. Details are as follows:­ park. Most of the! (a) Toro .. , 103 males, 60 females-Total 163 less than 25 animals

(6) Mubende 4-8 males, 29 females-Total 77 observed. Subseque . 8,000 mark! A trul~ TOTALS 151 males, 89 females 240

103. Southf!rn ·Range.-There was a considerable increase in the Elephant Hunting number of elephant shot on control during the year, a total of 98 being 109. During th accounted for compared with 55 in the previous year. Of these 35 were had tusks of under' 4t shot in Ankole, 57 in Kigezi and six in Masaka District. , in 1954. 17% were 104. The majority of these animals were shot in western Anlmle and 29% in 1954. 1 and northern' Kigezi in order to protect cultivation in the new resettlement

areas. The situation was doubtless aggravated by the disturbance caused 110. Statistics ( in the so~thern part of the Queen Elizabeth Park by the construction of during the financial ye the new Congo road, resulting in elephant being driven out of their usual haunts in and near the Maramagambo Forest into the adjoining agricultural areas. 105. Details are as follows:­

(a) Ankole.. 25 males, 10 females-Total 35 1956/57 (6) Kigezi '" 43 males, 14 females-Total 57 Europeans Asians (c) Masaka 5 males, 1 female -Total 6 Africans, ,

TOTALS 73 males, 25 females- 98 1955/56 Europeans 106. Extra Range Areas.-The elephant in the sleeping sickness Asians restricted area in Busoga indulged in occasional foraging trips into neigh­ Africans. , bouring cultivation. As a result a total of seven had to be shot, all being Percentage increase or de< males. numbers of licences is 1956/57 financial year pared with 1955/56 ,. General Notes on Elephant '":" 107. Through the good offices of the Fulbright Foundation Dr. H. K. Buechner, Associate Professor of Zoology in the State College of Washing­ ton, has been able to carry out some most valuable research work on elephant 111. Of all Res populati.3ns in Bunyoro. Dr. Buechner's work, which is not yct com­ year 1956/57:­ pleted, is complementary to that carried out by Dr. J. S. Perry in 1947-48 on the reproduction of the African elephant. (a) 40% too in 1955/56; 108. In the course of his investigations Dr. Buechner has, in conjunc­ tion with Captain Newton of this department, made a census of the elephant (b) 21 % to< population in northern Bunyoro by means of a series of aerial counts. This over 18 %in 1955

24 ~as pointed out the census was carried out in January 1957 (i.e., at the height of the dry season m which cannot be when most of the grass was burnt off). It revealed at that time a total of lrtieularly necessary 4,153 elephant and 5,259 buffalo in the Bunyoro section of the Murchison 'e unobstructed by Falls Park and the area immediately adjoining it to the south. This be scattered with a included a concentration of some 1,500 animals in and about the ..head­ waters of the Titi River, another of about 600 south of the Murchison Falls and another of 500 near the Weiga River on the western boundary of the park. Most of these concentrations were composed of small groups of -Total 163 less than 25 animals though three larger herds of 97, 134 and 487 were also -Total 77 observed. Subsequent counts have brought the total figure up to the·· 8,000 mark! A truly astounding figure. 240

lble increase in the Elephant Hunting by Licence-holders , a total of 98 being 109. During the year, of the elephant shot by licence-holders, 48 % :. Of these 35 were had tusks of under 40 lb. apiece, as compared with 50% in 1955 and 57% :rict. in 1954. 17% were under 30 lb. apiece as compared with 21 % in 1955 t in western Ankole and 29 % in 1954. This appears to indicate an improvement. the new resettlement .e disturbance caused 110. Statistics of Game, Special Elephant and Bird Licences issued ~ the construction of during the financial years 1955/56 and 1956/57:­ 'en out of their usual adjoining agricultural Resident's Special Elephant Bird (Full) Licences Licences Game ---I TOTAL Licences 1st I 2nd -Total 35 1956/57 -Total 57 Europeans 143 32 16 48 Asians 62 12 t 16 -Total 6 Africans .. 297 166 87 253

98 2,498 I 502 I 210 1 107 I 317 1955/56 Europeans 130 36 9 45 the sleeping sickness Asians 56 13 6 19 Africans .. 274 1V.. 70 213 ging trips into neigh­ I----I----!-----:cl---I---­ l to he shot, all being 3,461 460 I 192 85 I 277 Percentage increase or decrease in \----.\----:----[----:----­ numbers of licences issued in I' 1956/57 financial year as com­ pared with 1955/56 .. . . 28% 9% 5% 26% 15% decrease increase .1 increase increase increase I Foundation Dr. H. K. ~ College of Washing­ :arch work on elephant 111. Of all Resident's (Full) Game Licence-holders in the financial lich is not yet com­ year 1956/57:­ r. S. Perry in 1947-48 (a) 40 % took out First Elephant Licences as compared with 42 % in 1955/56; chner ha~, in conjunc­ census of the elephant (b) 21 % took out Second Elephant Licences as compared with of aerial counts. This over 18% in 1955/56.

25 e.oy//

123. It is reliak SECTION III.~NOTES ON THE FAUNA have a "pet" goat wI (a) Mammals that some members 0 from behind to hurry . PRIMATES 112. Gorilla.-Mountain gorilla have been observed on the Bufumbiro CARNIVORA volcanoes in Kigezi District on numerous occasions and traces of them 124. Lion.-A F

have been found at various altitudes right up to the summit of Muhavura in north-western Ma (13,547 feet). course of which he i~

113. Mr. M. W. Baumgartel, an Honorary Game Ranger who lives at necessary to organise Kisoro, near the foot of the volcanoes, has spent a considerable amount of local hunter Mr. Sh~ time investigating the gorilla and their habits in collaboration with Miss askaris were brought Osborn of the Coryndon Museum, Nairobi, and her successor, Miss the lion defied all eff Donisthorpe, and much useful information has been gathered. two recruit Game Gt

battle. 114. Chimpitnz~e.-The Game Ranger reports that on two separate occasions, once in Kigezi District and once in Mitoma County of Ankole, 125. Lion cause he saw a pair of chimpanzees in a lone tree at some distance from their Bwamba Counties of normal forest habitat. department, two by 1 , speared or shot by thl 115. In Bunyoro chimpanzee are comparatively common in the area they are to some Budongo and Bugoma forests and also in certain of the smaller forested wild pig. areas such ,as the Pabidi Forest, near Igisi Hill. 126. A Game G 116. .Colobus.-These handsome monkeys are still to be found in County was charged most of the forest areas of the Protectorate. Unfortunately, though strictly whereupon a lion appe protected by law, considerable numbers are killed illegally for the sake of Guard shot the lion ar their skins which are used in ceremonial tribal regalia and are also popUlar came to investigate an for covering bicycle saddles. lion and one buffalo 117. An adult pair and two youngsters are now guests at the depart­ ment's "Animal Orphanage" at Entebhe. 127. Leopard.-l Protectorate and take: 118. Red Colobus.-The Game Ranger reports that a troop of about numbers of pig and i 30 of these monkeys lives in the gallery forest along the Mpanga River in for the comparatively north-eastern Ankole District. 128. One night a 119. Golden Sykes Monkey.-This species occurs on the Bufumbiro at Lolim in Acholi an volcanoes in Kigezi District and a troop is frequently to be seen in the fire to a mosquito ne saddle between Muhavura and Mgahinga at about 10,000 feet. after slightly clawing 120. Patas Monkeys.-Fairly common in parts of Karamoja and West 129. A young Ie Nile where they are generally found in fairly open bush country. They missioner, West Nile, cause some damage to crops but are not as destructive as baboons. A young a great favourite in ] female is living happily in the "Orphanage" at Entebbe. way to the Rotterdam : 121. Baboons.-These pests continue to play havoc among crops 130. Cheetah.-! throughout the Protectorate, though large numbers are accounted for each cheetah in Acholi thei year by means of poisoning campaigns and organised communal hunts. District, where they ar 122. In Bunyaro baboons are reported to have attacked herds of goats Their range is more on two occasions, in one instance killing eight goats and in another 12. which are probably om

26 : FAUNA 123. It is reliably reported that a troop of baboon in Toro District have a "pet" goat which has accompanied them for some time. It is said that some members of the troop lead the goat whilst others give it a push from behind to hurry it along! .', erved on the Bufumbiro CARNIVORA ns and traces of them 124. Lion.-A particularly cunning man-eater created a reign of terror ,e summit of Muhavura in north-western Masaka District, and north-eastern Ankole, during the course of which he is believed to have killed some 40 people. It became tme Ranger who lives at necessary to organise a special campaign against this lion. A well-f{nown considerable'amount of local hunter Mr. Shahkaram was put in charge of operations and extra ~ollaboration with Miss askaris were brought in from as far afield as Karamoja. For a long time d her successor, Miss the lion defied all efforts to hunt him down, but was eventually shot by een gathered. two recruit Game Guards near the village of Lyantonde, after a running battle. ts that on two separate oma County of Ankole, 125. Lion caused some damage to stock in Mwenge, Kyaka and me distance from their Bwamba Counties of Taro District. Six were shot by members of this department, two by the Saza Chief of Kyaka and several others were speared or shot by the local people. Though lion are troublesome in this tively common in the area they are to some extent beneficial in keeping down the numbers of of the smaller forested wild pig. 126. A Game Guard sent to deal with a cattle-killing lion in Kyaka 'e still to be found in County was charged by a buffalo. He shot it and it fell, bellowing­ tunately, though strictly whereupon a lion appeared and looked at the wounded buffalo. The Game illegally for the sake of Guard shot the lion and it also fell with a loud roar. At this two lionesses Ilia and are also popular came to investigate and the Game Guard shot them also-a total of three lion and one buffalo with four rounds of ammunition! w guests at the depart­ 127. Leopard.-Leopard are fairly common throughout most of the Protectorate and take an annual toll of domestic'stock. However, the large , that a troop of about numbers of pig and baboon which they destroy more than compensates the Mpanga River in for the comparatively small amount of damage which they cause. 128. One night a leopard entered the hut of the 'Game Guard stationed rs on the Bufumbiro at Lolim in Acholi and jumped on a table, overturning a lamp and setting tly to be seen in the fire to a mosquito net. During the ensuing uproar the leopard escaped 0,000 feet. after slightly clawing a man who was sheltering in the hut. f Karamoja and West 129. A young leopard cub which was rescued by the District Com­ bush country. They missioner, West Nile, was reared by the Game Warden's wife. It became ~ baboons. A young a great favourite in Entebbe but died suddenly in Nairobi when on its way to the Rotterdam Zoo. \ \havoc among crops 130. Cheetah.-Though there have been unconfirmed reports of ~ accounted for each cheetah in Acholi their true habitation in Uganda is confined to Karamoja 'communal hunts. District, where they are occasionally to be seen in the dry open plains areas. 'acked herds of goats Their range is more or less coincident with that of the Grant's gazelle nd in another 12. which are probably one of their principal quarries. 27 131. Serval.-A black serval has been recorded on two occasions at Only energetic action 1 Merama Hill in southern Ankole. supyort, assistance and 132. Hunting Dog.-In Ankole District a herd of cattle accompanied Police, have kept this by herdsmen was attacked at night by a pack of hunting dogs. Two cattle have undoubtedly becD were killed outright and two others had to be destroyed. The dogs did and this of course helps not attempt to eat their victims but made off straight away. 141. Much of th( 133. Jackal.-In Okollo County of West Nile a considerable number On one occasion the C of jackal were poisoned in an effort to control a local rabies outbreak. by shooting through t: been caught. The wir UNGULATES its horns, the other end 134. Buffalo.-Considerable numbers of buffalo had to be shot in 142. A more ins defence of crops, particularly in the new resettlement areas in the Western preservation of these f Province. 370 were shot in the Western Range (Toro 312, Mubende 58), and often merely subs

333 in Southern Range (Ankole 169, Kigezi 149, Masaka 15), 305 in Lake 143. During the Albert Range (Bunyoro 302, Mengo 3), 136 in Northern Range (Acholi commenced an investi~

90, Lango 46), and 127 in West Nile Range (Madi 84, West Nile 43)-a total in West Nile District,

of 1,271 representi~g ~f course literally hundreds of tons of free meat for conservation of this spe the local populace! 144. In Novemb 135. The Game Ranger, \Vest Nile, reports that a high proportion visited the pair of whit of the buffalo shot in his Range had to be destroyed, not because they captured for the Zoolo were damaging crops, but because they had been wounded by poachers April 1955. They w( and were a danger to human life. new home, as can be i 136. In Bunyoro about 25 % of the buffalo shot were suffering from this report. bullet or spear wounds or had been maimed by wire snares. On numerous 145. Black Rhin occasions Game Guards were charged by such wounded buffalo and had paratively rare and ver to shoot in self-defence. tion in northern Ach poachers from the Su 137. Buffalo are still one of the commonest game animals in Ankole remaining for black r: and northern Kigezi Districts. The Game Ranger reports having seen fell victim to spear-blo two albino buffalo in eastern Ankole during the year. 146.· Giraffe.-L 138. Hippopotamus.-Although abundant in the two national parks some animals are nm; and their environs, where in fact the effect of their numbers continues to They are still found give rise to no little concern, hippo elsewhere in the Protectorate are far small concentrations ' from numerous. Fair numbers continue to exist in the more remote comparative peace in swamps and waters, but in many of the more accessible areas they have remaining groups in I been sadly reduced. same well-armed poa 139. In both the Southern and Lake Albert Ranges a few had to be number of black rhino shot to protect cultivation, while the Game Ranger, West Nile Range, 147. Giraffe on reports an increase in their numbers on the Albert Nile. damage to cotton cro}

140. White Rhinoceros.-Despite continued poaching the white it would have been a

rhino population in West Nile Range appears to be holding its own. The beas~ from indvlging main incentive for the poaching is undoubtedly the continuing very high on the spot revealed ~ price of rhino horn on the world market. The price is now an all-time tect their shambas il1 record "nne, and unscrupulous local receivers are quick to take advantage f bomas had been tried! of this by encouraging poachers to kill the white rhino for their horns. away.

28 two occasions at Only energetic action by limited Game Department staff, with the valued support, assistance and co-operation of the Provincial Administration and Ittle accompanied Police, have kept this poaching within reasonable bounds. The animals logs. Two cattle have undoubtedly become wilder in many areas as a result of beingltunted, l. The dogs did and this of course helps in their protection. ay. 141. Much of the poaching is done by using heavy wire-cable snares. siderable number On one occasion the Game Ranger managed to rescue a white rhino cow bies outbreak;. by shooting through the half-inch steel wire cable noose in which it had­ been caught. The wire noose was tight round the animal's head, between its horns, the other end being fastened to a tree. ad to be shot in 142. A more insidious, but no less definite threat to the long-term IS in the Western preservation of these fine and harmless animals is the spread of scattered, 12, Mubende 58), and often merely subsistence level cultivation into their habitat. 15), 305 in Lake 143. During the period under review the Game Department Biologist n Range (Acholi commenced an investigation into the status and ecology of the white rhino _Nile 43)-a total in West Nile District, with a view to formulating plans for the long-term of free meat for conservation of this species. 144. In November 1956 the Game Warden, while on home leave, l high proportion visited the pair of white rhino in the London Zoo, which had been specially not because they captured for the Zoological Society of London in West Madi in March and tded by poachers April 1955. They were flourishing and apparently quite happy in their new home, as can be seen from the photograph of them which appears in :re suffering from this report. : ell. On numerous 145. Black Rhinoceros.-These cantankerous animals are now com­ ' buffalo and h.ad paratively rare and very localised in Uganda. The small remaining popula­ tion in northern Acholi suffered this year at the hands of well-armed imals in Ankole poachers from the Sudan, while in North Karamoja1. the main stronghold ~rts having seen remaining for black rhinoceros in the Protectorate, a few of these bea.."ts fell victim to spear-blooding parties of young Jie warriors. \ 146. GirafJe.-Like the black rhinoceros these harmless and hand­ national parks ? some animals are now comparatively rare and very loclt'liserl in Uganda. lets continues to They are still found in satisfactory numbers in North Karamoja, and in lectorate are far small concentrations elsewhere. A few small herds manage to exist in e more remote comparative peace in the elephant sanctuary in East Madi, but the few areas they have remaining groups in northern Acholi were sadly reduced this year by the same well-armed poachers from the southern Sudan who slaughtered a I few had to be number of black rhino in the same area. st Nile Range, 147. Giraffe on the Sebei plains of northern Bugisu caused some damage to cotton crops by eating the bolls. One would have thought that ng the white it would have been a comparatively easy matter to discourage these timid its own. The beasts from indulging in this somewhat indigestible diet, and investigations ling very high on the spot revealed a remarkable lack of effort by the crop owners to pro­ IW an all-time tect their shambas in any way whatever. Not even simple thorn bush ake advantage bomas had been tried, nm the still simpler expedient of driving the animals r their horns. away.

29 148. Zebra.-Zebra continue to flourish in satisfactory quantity in Kigezi. The Game northern Karamoja and parts of the southern end of that district. Lesser measuring 4-6 incht numbers are still to be found in parts of Ankole District, and small 158. - Royal i scattered groups in north-eastern Acholi. It is now apparent that the range observed by Lieut.. in Uganda of the maneless variety extends much farther south than was the Coryndon Must originally thought, specimens being reliably reported as far south as the This is believed to b Greek River area of the Karamoja/Sebei border region. 159. Other A 149. Giant (Forest) Hog.-Although these massive animals are com­ mention is made he paratively abundant in various forested parts of the Protectorate, they are specific or unusual tt seldom seen in the open, and then only in pairs or small groups. The Game Ranger, Southern Range, however, reports seeing 12 of these huge pigs together in open country near the Ishasha River in Kigezi, on the 160. Black Be Uganda/Congo border, in the heat of the day; a very unusual sight! species of bee-eater to the Coryndon M 150. Red River Hog.-Three of these rare and secretive animals were the first they have ev observed by the Fisheries Officer near Lake George, and another by the Game Ranger, Southern Range, in the Kasyoha Forest. 161. CoryndoTi Williams and Mr. 151. Lord Derby's (or Giant) Eland.-Only one pair of these panied by Lieut.-Ge magnificent antelope are reported to have been seen this year. They were ornithologist, visited observed on top of the Ilengwa Range in West Madi. mens of birds and ffij 152. Eltind.-The Game Ranger, Southern Range, reports that eland it is understood that t have benefited noticeably from the temporary closing of the Lake Mburo of five species of bi region to shooting. Previously they had been hunted heavily in this area by licence-holders in quest of meat. Calving took place in this region mainly in September. 162. There is 1 a 16-foot python, c 153. Topi.-As with eland the topi in southern Ankole have department's animal benefited from the ban on hunting in the Lake Mburo region. a great attraction t( 154. The great herds of topi in the Kigezi Game Reserve continued to thing at all and cha flourish. The Game Ranger, Southern Range, witnessed the mating of it was apparently as one of these large herds during November. He reports that apparently previous home. this mating takes place all in a few days, and while he watched them almost every bull in the herd was fighting. The crashing of their horns could be heard at a considerable distance, and on each occasion the winner

immediately served a cow that was waiting nearby. Altogether a some­ what extraordinary performance, the Game Ranger comments! 163. Rinderpe~ 155. Uganda Kob.-These fine antelope, one of Uganda's specialities, during the period un are the subject of a research project at present being carried out by 164. Anthrax.­ Q.r. H. K. Buechner, one of the Fulbright Scholars from the U.S.A., who Lion Bay, Lake Edv will be working in Uganda until the middle of 1958. and 'wallows seven animals died both \1 156. Although flourishing in many parts of the Protectorate, kob before the epidemic 4

have been sadly reduced in numbers by poachers in a number of areas. For ex~ple in the Inde area of West Nile they have been virtually 165. In May exterminated. hippo in Lake Chawe 157. Red (Forest) Duiker.-It is now apparent that a particularly 166. Tubercul large variety of this species of duiker occurs on the Birunga volcanoes in April 1957 was fOUl

30 isfactory quantity in Kigezi. The Game Ranger collected a specimen on Mgahinga with horns that district. Lesser measuring 4'6 inches in length and three inches from tip to tip. District, and small 158. Royal Antelope.-One of these diminutive antelopes was 'parent that the range observed by Lieut.-General G. W. Lathbury and Dr. J. G. Williams of f"ther south than was the Coryndon Museum in the Bwamba Forest, in Toro, in February 1957. l as far south as the This is believed to be a new Uganda record. [)n. 159. Other Antelope and Gazelle.-For the sake of brevity, no ~ve animals are tom­ mention is made here of other species in regard to which there is nothing protectorate, they are specific or unusual to report. r small groups. The (b) Birds ~ng 12 of these huge ~r in Kigezi, on the 160. Black Bee-Eater (Mellitophagus· gularis).-A specimen of this . unusual sight! species of bee-eater was collected in the Kasyoha Forest, and presented cretive animals were to the Coryndon Museum. It was greatly appreciated as it is apparently and another by the the first they have ever received. 161. Coryndon Museum Expedition to the Bwamba Forest.-Dr. J. G. \Villiams and Mr. R. H. Carcasson of the Coryndon Museum, accom­ one pair of these panied by Lieut.-General G. W. Lathbury who is a keen and experienced 's year. They were ornithologist, visited the Bwamba Forest in February 1957 to collect speci­ mens of birds and moths. Although final details have not yet been received, e, reports that eland it is understood that they had a most successful trip resulting in the collection of the Lake Mburo of five species of birds hitherto unrecorded from East Africa. heavily in this area place in this region (c) Reptiles 162. There is little of outstanding interest to report this year, although a 16-foot python, captured alive in the Mabira Forest, was kept at the ro region. department's animal orphanage at Entebbe for eight months, and proved a great attraction to visitors. During this period it refused to eat any­ Reserve continued to thing at all and changed its skin three times! ,Despite this hunger strike ssed the mating of it was apparently as fit as ever when it was finally released again near its orts that apparently previous home. watched them almost their horns could SECTION IV.-GENERAL ~ occasion the winner Altogether a some­ (a) Discases of Game comments! 163. Rinderpest.-No reports of rinderpest among game were received Uganda's specialities, during the period under review. ing carried out by 164. Anthrax.-An outbreak of anthrax occurred among the hippo in . om ,the U.S.A., who Lion Bay, Lake Edward, in September 1956, and spread to the mud pools and wallows several miles inland. Some hundred or more of these animals died both within and outside the Queen Elizabeth National Park e Protectorate, kob before the epidemic died down. a number of areas. have been virtually 165. In May 1957 a small outbreak of anthrax occurred among the hippo in Lake Chawera, resulting in 18 deaths in a fortnight. It that a particularly 166. Tuberculosis.-A sick male reed-buck shot near Merama Hill in Binmga volcanoes in April 1957 was found to be suffering from tuberculosis.

31 (b) Fauna Research Department Biolol addition Game Ra 167. General.-The period under review has been notable for the working in close c( extent and rapidity of the development of wild life research in Uganda. of all concerned! This was accomplished under the guidance of the Fauna Research Com­ mittee (see below), and with the greatly appreciated and valued assistance 173. The Bio, of the Fulbright Commission, whose continued interest and practical help Biologist was full) have been invaluable. problem in the Qu

survey linked with " 168. Fauna Research Committee.-This Committee, which was set ground work as po~ up at the end of the first half of 1956 to guide, assist and supervise research order to help the latl on fauna problems in the Protectorate (see paragraph 93, 1955/56 Annual In addition he carri\ Report), commenced to function during the period under review, meetings tions in Ankole Distri being held in July and October 1956, and January 1957. 174. Having as:

169. Visiting Scientists.-With the help of the Fulbright Commission Biologist was occupit ~nferican three experienced scientists, experts in wild-life research and rhinoceros in West ]'I management, were brought to Uganda in October 1956 to work on wild-life term conservation in l problems under Fulbright Scholarships. These were:­ species-the second la (a) Dr. G. A. Petrides, Associate Professor of Zoology and Wild has been working with Life Management, Michigan State University; 175. Conclusion.­ (b) Dr, H. K. Buechner, Associate Professor of Zoolo,gy, State biological projects outl College of Washington; game research in Ugan

(c) .or. w. G. Swank, Director of Research, Arizona Fish and though the biologists « Game Department. biological studies on I~ 170. Drs. Petrides and Swank have been based in the Queen Eliza­ of these persons so en beth National Park, and have been carrying out research in the Park and ment which was at firs its environs on the problem of the apparent over-population of hippo. has therefore been cc They have also been conducting a study to determine the effects of vegeta­ vegetation and the f tion and other factors on game populations in the Park. As a subsidiary surmounted so that in investigation they have, in their own time, carried out a broad general be directed towards survey of the status of wild life throughout Uganda. They left the Pro­ themselves. tectorate at the dose of the period under review, and their place has since 176. In this rese: been taken by another Fulbright Scholar. received from many ql 171. Dr. Buechner has been based at Masindi, the headquarters also the Veterinary, Agricu of the department's Biologist who has been working in close collaboration Parks, the Virus Rese: with him. He has been working on the following major projects:­ staff of the Biology Dt (a) The distribution, abundance and migration of elephant in the assistance .;tnd SUPPOI Murchi!'on Falls National Park and surrounding regions; Fulbright Commission that this general intere: . oS (b) Rates of increment and mortality among these elephant popula­ of wild life in Uganda I tions; (c) Rate of reproduction and mortality in Uganda kob and the ({ significance of their social behaviour; 177. East and C (d) Relationship of the Uganda kob to various kinds of vegetation; the fifth in the series, . (e) Vegetation change within the Murchison Falls National Park. 1956. It was the first 172. To enable him to complete this ambitious programme his and the new Game a research grant has been extended to cover a second year, and the Game setting for a most SUCCI

32 Department Biologist is working with him on several of these projects. In addition Game Rangers and subordinate staff of the department have been been notable for the working in close co-operation with him to the mutual benefit, it is 'thought, research in Uganda. of all concerned! ~auna Research Com­ and valued assistance 173. The Biologist.-At the beginning of the period under review the ~st and practical help Biologist was fully occupied with a preliminary survey of the hippo problem in the Queen Elizabeth National Park, and a general vegetation survey linked with this problem. This was in order to complete as much ~ittee, which was set ground work as possible before the arrival of the Fulbright Scholars, in lnd supervise research order to help the latter get at the heart of the problem with the least delay. ~ 93, 1955/56 Annual In addition he carried out some preliminary studies of the game popula­ ~der review, meetings tions in Ankole District. 957. 174. Having assisted the Fulbright Scholars to get established, the ulbright Commission Biologist was occupied in a study of the status and ecology of the white ild.life research and rhinoceros in West Nile, with a view to fonnulating plans for the long­ to work on wild-life tenn conservation in Uganda of this rare, hannless, interesting and valuable species-the second largest of the world's land mammals. In addition he . f Zoology and Wild has been working with Dr. Buechner on the Uganda kob research projects. 175. Conclusion.-In concluding it must be stressed that these r of Zoology, State biological projects outlined in this report mark an introductory phase into game research in Uganda. Satisfactory progress has been made. However, , Arizona Fish and though the biologists concerned are familiar with the general approach to biological studies on large game animals, it must be remembered that each in the Queen Eliza­ of these persons so engaged has commenced his work here in an environ­ rch in the Park and ment which was at first unfamiliar to him. Much of these .biologists' time opulation of hippo. has therefore been consumed in acquiring a working knowledge of the the effects of vegeta­ vegetation and the fauna itself. These difficulties have largely been rk. As a subsidiary sunnounted so that in the current year the greater part of the time can out a broad general be directed towards the achievements of the objectives they have set They left the Pro­ themselves. .. . their place has since. 176. In this research work to date much valuable assistance has been received from many quarters. In particular thanks are due to members of he headquarters also the Veterinary, Agricultural, Forest and Survey Departments, the National .n close collaboration Parks, the Virus Research Institute, the East African Herbarium, and the jorprojects:­ staff of the Biology Department, Makerere College. Last but not least the n of elephant in the assistance and support of the Ministry of Natural Resources and the regions; Fulbright Commission must not be forgotten. It is to be sincerely hoped that this general interest and enthusiasm will continue-the long-tenn future ese elephant popula- of wild life in Uganda depends upon it.

Uganda kob and the (c) Notes of General Interest 177. East and Central African Fauna Conference.-This Conference, IS kinds of vegetation; the fifth in the series, was held at Entebbe from the 23rd July to 25th July, I Falls National Park. 1956. It was the first time that the Conference had been held in Uganda, lious programme his and the new Game and Fisheries Department offices provided a suitable f' year, and the Game setting for a most successful and pleasant meeting.

33 178. The Conference was attended by delegates representing Game 183. Sim Departments and National Park Organisations from Kenya, Tanganyika, Bunyoro/Men! Uganda, Northern and Southern Rhodesia and Nyasaland. In addition pig a.re being ! the General Manager of the East African Tourist Travel Association and a method of tset representative of the East African Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Research 184. Trib Organisation were present. The Administrator of the East Africa High halfway throug Commission, Sir Bruce Hutt, K.B.E., C.M.G., was in the chair, and the rinderpest amor. Conference was opened by His Excellency the Governor of Uganda, Sir Andrew Cohen, K.C.M.G., K.C.V.O., O.B.E. 185. In W organised and bl 179. After the conclusion of the Conference delegates visited either the Murchison Falls or Queen Elizabeth National Parks as guests of the 186. Tests Uganda Government. . 1954/55 Annual 180. Conference of Came Wardens, Directors of National Parks and have continued Professional. Hunters.-The above informal conference, which was the some quarters. third in the series, was held at Namanga in Kenya in June 1957. It proved is just as much to be a most valuable and constructive meeting, resulting in a number of particularly whel concrete practical proposals for action in the interests of wild life conserva­ should be looke( tion. The Game \Varden represented this department and the Uganda petence tests wit National Parks. both in the intel general public, d. 181. Honorary Game Rangers.-Those appointed during the period upon. under revie.w were:- Mr. M. S. Philip. 187. Impori steadily increasin. Mr. J. M. Savidge. for game viewin! Colonel C. D. Trimmer, D.S.O. bouring territorit Mr. M. W. Baumgartel. as the general sa Mr. P. Nelson. new areas and r.

A list of all the present Honorary Game Rangers is given in the Uganda still does Appendices to this report. Some of these have rendered valuable aid, and those in other Ea~ their efforts are very much appreciated. 188. Impor 182. Tsetse Control in connection with Came.-Tsetse control game they are extreme] eviction operations continued in the Maruzi and Kwania Counties of Lango during 1956, the following being the record of game shot for this purpose:­

Species Maruzi Kwania Buffalo · . 3 ! 2 Rhino .. ·. 1 Hippo 35 Bushbuck 300 126 Bushpig .. 13 - Warthog · . 107 50 Waterbuck 33 - Hartebeest 30 4 Duiker 235 191 Reedbuck 19 63 Kob 212 201 Oribi 80 200 ,.. Monkeys 16 10 TOTAL 1 1,084 847

34 presenting Game 183. Similar operations have also continued in the areas along the l1ya, Tanganyika, Bunyoro/Mengo border, and in northern Ankole where only buffalo and nd. In addition pig are being shot. Elsewhere it has not been necessary to resort to this Association and a method of tsetse control, which is abhorrent to all concerned. ,". omiasis Research 184. Tribal Hunting.-Tribal hunting in eastern Acholi was stopped ~ast Africa High halfway through the 1957 tribal hunting season, due to an outbreak of Ie chair, and the rinderpest among cattle. " of Uganda, Sir 185. In West Nile efforts were made to get tribal hunting on to a more les visited either organised and better controlled basis. as guests of the 186. Tests for Game Licences.-These tests (see paragraph 69, 1954/55 Annual Report, and paragraphs 84 to 87, 1955/56 Annual Report), ztional Parks and have continued to prove their value, although undoubtedly unpopular in which was the some quarters. It is strange that tests connected with a gun or rifle, which 1957. It proved is just as much a lethal weapon (and designed as such) as a motor car, : in a number of particularly where the problem of wounded dangerous game is also involved, 'ild life conserva­ should be looked upon askance by people who accept motor driving com­ and the Uganda petence tests without question. Many people fail to appreciate that it is both in the interests of the persons concerned themselves, as well as the general public, that an adequate standard of competence should be insisted luring the period upon. 187. Important Visitors and Safari Parties.-There have been a steadily increasing number of safari parties visiting the Protectorate, both for game viewing and photography, and hunting. Safari firms in neigh­ bouring territories are turning their attention more and more to Uganda as the general safari business in East Africa expands, and as the need for new areas and more variety is increasingly felt. It is unfortunate that is given in the Uganda still does not have any well established safan firms of the calibre of aluable aid, and those in other East African territories. 188. Important visitors are now becoming so commonplace that unless e control game they are extremely exalted it is not feasible to mention tilem in this report! 1 . nties of Lango ,I I, his purpose: ­ I !, '

I'

35 PART III ­ FISHERIES 189. A brief general account of the year's progress in fishe'~ies has been given in the foreword to this report, whilst detailed accounts of departmental activities in the Lake Albert and George/Edward regions and in fish farming have been prepared by the officers responsible, and follow in later pages. The report for Lake Kyoga is based on information arid statistics supplied by the Fisheries Assistant in charge of the area.

SECTION I.-ADMINISTRATION Staff 190. Fisheries Officers.-Lists of the fisheries staff, showing their stations and areas of responsibility, are given in the appendices to this report. There were no changes of senior personnel during the year and the fact that all stations have had the same staff for several years has led to continuity of development and a feeling of confidence in the Department and its schemes amongst the fishermen. 191. Two additional posts of Fisheries Development Officers were created and filled by Africans, one by the Engineering Assistant on promotion and the other by the appointment of a Makerere College science trainee. One of the officers was put on fish farming extension work and the other on general development duties. It is encouraging to' the older members of the Department that educated Africans with a genuine interest in fisheries work are now coming forward for these and othe~ senior posts. 192. Fisheries Assistants and Fish Guards.~Additional posts of one Fisheries Assistant and two Fish Guards were created to provide for increased developments in fish farming. The establishment was thus brought up to five Fisheries Assistants and sixty Fish Gua,.rds. A revision of the Fish: Guards' rates of pay to take account of educational standards enabled the Department to recruit a better type of person than hitherto. There is now a cadre of young and keen Guards who respond well to training and will in time be suitable for promotion to posts of greater responsibility. That fisheries work is popular is shown by the fact that nearly a thousand applications for employment were received.

Legislation 193. The fishing and crocodile industries continued to be regulated by the Fish and Crocodiles Ordinance, 1950, the Fishing Rules, 1951, the

Lake Victoria Fisheries Act, 1950, and the Lake Victoria Fisheries , . Regulations, 1951. I ' -I 37 194. By Legal Notice No.4 of 1957 the Fishing Rules were amended taken in the five-inc! to prohibit net fishing within 100 yards of the shore of Butiaba island. down is as follows This amendment was necessary as it had been found that seine-netting on report, the mesh size a commercial scale, with the attendant camps of fishermen, was destructive to the structure of the island which acts as a breakwater to protect Butiaba Bay and the East African Railways and Harbours' installations at Butiaba. 195. The legislation concerning Lake Victoria was amended to 5" mesh (101 4t' mesh (101 permit the use of gill nets of between three inches and five inches stretched 4" mesh (10l mesh in Uganda waters, and also those of Tanganyika. Details are given 3!' mesh (10l 3t' mesh (10! in the Annual Report of the Lake Victoria Fisheries Service. 3" mesh ( 5( 2f' mesh ( 5( 2" mesh ( 5( 1t" mesh ( 5( Large meshed SECTION II.-GENERAL STATISTICS AND INFORMATION Seines-li" n Supplies of Fishing Gear deep)

196. Fishing Nets.-Nets of all brands and types were in good supply Twines during 1956; in fact ~ome dealers were overstocked. Nylon and other synthetic nets increased in popularity to such an extent that dealers had some difficulty in disposing of stocks of nets made of the traditional flax and 199. The whol. cotton and often only did so at prices considerably under cost. British less than £200,000. manufacturers had a difficult year as the trickle of Japanese imports, which engines, paint for ca had begun the jJrevious year, developed into a flood and final import figures further £15,000 and s showed that Britain's share of the market had been only 50 % as compared with 90% in 1955. Fishermen were influenced in their swing to Japanese nets by reason of their cheapness compared with British nets, although their Fish Supplies, Pre, quality is slightly inferior. In Lake Victoria especially, it does not always 200. S pay a fisherman to use best quality nets as there is a continual risk of their being stolen by "pirate" operators before they have been used to the limit of their useful life. Some fishermen are reputed to lose fishing nets worth Lake many hundreds of pounds a year to these "pirates". S' 197. It is regrettable to have to record that the Mount Elgon Net Lake Victoria (Uganda waters) Works Ltd. closed down their factory at Endebess, near Kitale, early in Lake Edward and 1957, owing to an inability to meet increasing competition from the Kazinga Channel Japanese. This company was the only local manufacturer of nets. It was Lake George established after the war, since when it had supplied most of its output to Lake Albert and the Uganda market. Albert Nile

198. Figures obtained with the willing co-operation of all the Uganda Lake Kyoga and importers show that imports of nets in 1956 totalled 162,714 compared with Victoria Nile 187,825 in 1955; most of the nets were again brought in by parcel post. Lake Nakivali The drop is accounted for by an increase in the proportion of nylon to Lake Kachira flax, from 19% of the total imports in 1955 to 67% in 1956. Nylon lasts Lake Kijanebolola .. two or three times as long as flax and the number of nets required to catch Other lakes, dams an increased quantity of fish is therefore smaller. The number of small and rivers meshed nets is steadily increasing, from 38 % of total imports in 1953 to TOTAL 64% in L956, and illustrates the way in which the fishermen are beginning to exploit fish other than the Tilapia esculenta and T. nilotica which are -The total area of U

38 ules were amended taken in the five-inch net-originally the only net in common use. The break­ of Butiaba island. down is as follows (in each case, both here and in the remainder of the at seine-netting on report, the mesh size is that of the stretched mesh: )­ ~n, was destructive ," to protect Butiaba Size of gill net Flax ISynthetic lIations at Butiaba. No. No. was amended i'to 5" mesh (l00 yds. X 26 meshes deep) 5,124 53,201 4t" mesh (100 yds. X 26 meshes deep) 1,936 7,680 ve inches stretched 4" mesh (l00 yds. x 26 meshes deep) 1,756 3,739 Details are given 3i" mesh (l00 yds. X 26 meshes deep) 866 3,560 3t H mesh (100 yds. X 26 meshes deep) 1,072 1,480 rvlce. 3" mesh ( SO yds. X 26 meshes deep) 7,640 6,970 2f' mesh ( SO yds. X 26 meshes deep) 34,495 29,786 2" mesh ( SO yds. X 26 meshes deep) 192 2,600 1t" mesh ( SO yds. X 26 meshes deep) 480 Large meshed nets 6" & 8" 18 14 NFORMATION ------i--­ Seines-1 i" mesh (1 SO yds. x 200 meshes _-- (in deep) 105 cotton) 1 'ere in good supply Twines 6,000 lbs. of nylon Nylon and other t that dealers had traditional flax and 199. The wholesale value of fishing nets, ropes and twines was not lder cost. British less than £200,000. In addition floats, hooks, outboard and inboard ese imports, which engines, paint for canoes and other accessories probably accounted for a 5nal import figures further £15,000 and sport fishing tackle £3,000. 50% as compared swing to Japanese lets, although their Fish Supplies, Production, etc. it does not always 200. Summary of Fish Production, 1956 tinual risk of their -- , I used to the limit Pro- Landed fishing nets worth Lake Area duction value Where marketed (approx.) sq. miles Tons £ \fount Elgon Net Lake Victoria I . . Ir Kitale, early in (Uganda waters) 10,961 22,700 1,135,000 In vicinity 'of the Lake. Lake Edward and >etition from the Kazinga Channel 235 3,700} 170,000 104 3,100 Salted, smoked or frozen to :r of nets. It was Lake George ·. Belgian Congo, and East •t of its output to Lake Albert and African markets. Albert Nile ·. 1,385 7,800 225,000 Mostly salted and exported to Belgian Congo; increasing quantities to local markets. of all the Uganda Lake Kyoga and 14 compared with Victoria Nile · . 880 5,000 175,000 Local markets. n by parcel post. Lake Nakivali · . 10 480 14,500 To Belgian Congo and local markets. rtion of nylon to Lake Kachira ·. 14 490 14,800 To Belgian Congo and local markets. 956. Nylon lasts Lake Kijanebolola .. 27 880 26,400 To local markets. required to catch Other lakes, dams number Qf small and rivers · . 79 800 28,000 lports in 1953 to TOTAL · . 13,695· 44,950 1,788,700 len are beginning I ~ ~ilotica which are ·The total area of Uganda including lakes is 93,981 sq. miles. I

39 201. Overall production was 30 % greater than in 1955. Increases from the western lal occurred on all waters owing to' the extended use of nylon nets which have £11,400 from the ph a greater catching power than those of flax, whilst on Lakes Albert, George, utilize offal which t Edward and Victoria the powering of more canoes with outboard engines value of the exports, enabled new fishing grounds to be brought into production. for 1955, which were 202. The rate of development during the last few years is shown by came in the Lake Al the fact that catches on the lakes under the control of this Department, i.e. and a new pier at Pa all except Lake Victoria, have increased from 13,400 tons in 1952 to 22,250 Albert Nile and to a tons in 1956. There is still much scope for further expansion as can be seen where there was an from a study of the production rates on each of the lakes-Lake Victoria follows:­ 7-2 Ibs. per acre per year; Albert 19·71bs.; Kyoga 19·8Ibs.; Edward 55 Ibs.;

George 104'3 Ibs.; Kijanebolola 114 Ibs.; Kachira 122 Ibs.; and Nakivali Lake origin 168 lbs. Improved fishing and fisheries management techniques and the stocking of more suitable types of fish will undoubtedly lead to a fuller Edward/George exploitation of the lake resources. Edward/George and Koki I 203. The consumption of fish in 1956 is estimated to have been 35,000 Lake George and Kaz

tons, including 1,241 tons (fresh equivalent) of fish imported from Channel Tanganyika, the Seychelles,' the United Kingdom and elsewhere. In sp~te Lake George and Kaz of the great increase in local production, imports were 15 % more than in Channel 1955. The market for fish appears to be almost insatiable but this is under­ Lake George and Ka2 standable when one compares Uganda's annual per capita consumption of Channel fish of 14·2 'Ibs. with that of the United Kingdom's 25 Ibs. Continued Lake Albert improvements in transportation are leading to wider and faster distribution, and an increase in the consumption of fresh fish at the expense of the TOTALS smoked variety. Although the bicycle-borne fishmonger still distributes the bulk of the catch, an increasing proportion is being transported by motor­ -Fresh equivalent-11 cycle, lorry and car. The appearance of the large scale operator is to be welcomed as the fishmongering trade, for a country the size of Uganda, can 206. Crocodile only be described as overcrowded; in 1956 over 8,000 fishmongers were to overseas markets

licensed! The distribution of fishmongers between districts was Acholi earnings of all fisher: 200, Ankole 23, Bugisu/Bukedi 818, Bunyoro 253, Busoga 2,069, Karamoja and overseas marke~ 1, Lango 1,417, Madi 17, Masaka 213, Mengo 359, Mubende 15, Teso £86,078. 2,461, and West Nile 214; in addition in Taro, Ankole and Kigezi many fishmongers operated under pennits issued by the local authorities. Tufmac 204. Imports consisted of 41 tons of canned fish from various countries valued at £12,734; 117 tons of salted and smoked from the 207. The Ugan Seychelles and Kenya worth £11,675; 279 tons of smoked worth £72,585 Lake George, had a ( from Tanganyika, and 11 tons of frozen fish worth £3,384 from the United pared with £19,926 Kingdom and Kenya. The total value of imports was £100,378 which increa'sed quantity of .

represents an increase of £32,000 over 1955 and of £70,000 compared with to price inGreases wh 1953. a strike in March, 1~ .,. their trading position

Exports of Fish, 1956 fish in the Congo m~ fillet trade in the ur 205. The year was a record one for Uganda's exports of salted, of supply, the Unitec smoked, dried and frozen fish. In total, 3,654 tons of these products valued average weight of Til at £468,339 were exported to the Belgian Congo, Kenya and Tanganyika bought by unit and I

40 1 1955. Increases from the western lakes. The total included 201 tons .of fish meal worth In nets which have £11,400 from the plant newly established during the year by TUFMAC to (es Albert, George, utilize offal which had previously been thrown away. The weight and' 1 outboard engines value of the exports were respectively 64% and 45 % higher than the figures n. for 1955, which were 2,218 tons of fish worth £315,000. The main increase years is shown by came in the Lake Albert region where the installation of storage facilities lis Department, i.e. and a new pier at Panyimur led to a rise in landings from the lake and the sin 1952 to 22,250 Albert Nile and to an improvement in sales to the Belgian Congo. Else­ Ision as can be seen where there was an all-round expansion of catches. Exports were as ~es-Lake Victoria follows :­ s.; Edward 55 lbs.; lbs.; and Nakivali I Type of fish or Lake origin Destination fisheries product Quantity Value ;echniques and the I .ly lead to a fuller Tons £ Edward/George · . · . Belgian Congo · . Salted · . 646 101,450 Edward/George and Koki lakes Belgian ,0 have been 35,000 Congo · . Smoked · . 687 115,041 ih imported from Lake George and Kazinga Channel · . · . Belgian :lsewhere. In spite Congo · . Frozen · . 52 4,278 15 % more than 'in Lake George and Kazinga I Channel ·. ·. Kenya and Ie but this is under­ Tanganyika Frozen fillets .. 246 61,276 Lake George and Kazinga ~ita consumption of Channel · . · . Kenya · . Fish meal · . 201 11,400 25 lbs. Continued Lake Albert · . · . Belgian faster distribution, Congo · . Salted · . I 1,822 174,894 \ the expense of the TOTALS · . I 3,654",\ 468,339 I still distributes the I I nsported by motor­ "'Fresh equivalent-to,964 tons Ie operator is to be size of Uganda, can 206. Crocodile skins valued at £15,275 and £13,402 were exported ) fishmongers were to overseas markets and Kenya respectively, bringing the total export listricts was Acholi Earnings of all fishery products to £497,016 of 'which the Belgian Congo ga 2,069, Karamoja and overseas markets contributed £410,938 and Kenya and Tanganyika Mubende 15, Teso £86,078. e and Kigezi many ~al authorities. Tufmac fish from various smoked from the 207. The Uganda Fish Marketing Corporation based at Kasenyi, ~ked worth £72,585 Lake George, had a difficult year and their profits were only £5,340 com­ 84 from the United pared with £19,926 in 1955. Although the. Corporation handled an as £100,378 which increased quantity of fish, they had to pay more for it than previously owing ,000 compared with to price increases which were granted to the Lake George fishermen after a strike in March, 1956. Other factors contributing to a deterioration in their trading position were a big decrease in the selling price of dry-salted fish in the Congo market and increased competition in the fresh fish and fillet trade in the urban centres of East Africa from other local sources exports. of salted, of supply, the United Kingdom and South Africa. A diminution in the lese products valued average weight of Tilipia on Lake George, where this species is customarily ya and Tanganyika bought by unit and not by weight, meant that the cost per pound of fish

41 was greater than in 1955. Total sales of fish and meal by the Corporation amounted to £131,252, whilst £58,692 was paid to the fishermen, the latter being the highest amount since the inception of commercial fishing in 1950.

Crocodile Industry 208. Crocodile trapping still continues outside the national parks and reserves on Lakes Kyoga, Albert and Victoria and the Semliki River but, because of depleted stock, is on a greatly reduced scale compared with the early post-war years. Even so some 6,000 animals were killed, the value of their skins being £28,677. These were exported to Kenya and France in approximately equal numbers. Only a few reports of damage by crocodiles to gill nets in the lakes were received and the fishermen have undoubtedly benefited from the large reduction in numbers. Crocodiles still continue to be a scourge in the dams of Teso and other parts of northern Uganda where they damage the embankments and preclude the use of gill nets for fishing. The scattered nature of the dams makes any control measures ettretnely expensive and because of limited funds it was not possible to start an effective campaign.

Boatbuilding and Mechanisation of Craft 209. Outboard engines.~By the end of 1956 some 330 canoes had been powered with outboards (total 1,596 h.p.), compared with 62 qt the end of 1955. Thi.s number increased by a further 200 engines by the 30th June, 1957. The outboard is now regarded as essential for the motivation of canoes on all waters except Lake Kyoga and the minor lakes. Even the builders of the traditional Sesse Island sewn-plank canoes are making these single as opposed to double-ended and with a square transom to take a motor. It speaks well both of the British outboard and the fishermen's standard of maintenance that some engines have been in daily service for over three years without a major breakdown. 210. Boat Building.-The first intake of thirteen students at the boat­ building section of the N.A.C Kabalega Technical School, completed a two years course in December, 1956, and all found employment except two who were unwilling to leave home. In March, 1957, a fully qualified boat­ builder was placed in charge of the scheme and a second batch of 13 students started instruction. The construction of canoes was ended and a beginning made on the building of clinker-built craft. All the products of the school have found a ready sale as they are well adapted to local ...,conditions and the requirements of the fishermen.

211. The influence of the school has had a more than local significance and there is now a widespread demand for better boats. In 1956 to meet ~ \(\S\I.Qnce.. & \

this demand several firms imported small European-type fishing boats made

of steel, alloy or w{)od. One fisherman of Lake Edwan. placed an order <1t\L -\\'\.e...~ \~ \\01.£>,­

with .~ Scottish boatyard for a vessel costing £1,400 and a Lake Victoria . • mr"'J\',.~.

fisherman took delivery of a £ I ,000 fishing boat from Denmark. One \t'\ \C\'Ob "'':) 42 c.:...u.r,~\~~ ---\1.fe.

O\\e. """"f:>\.cs 'N\Q.n S~~'\~ I by the Corporation fishennen, the latter . -l.... ~cial fishing in 1950.

le national parks and e Semliki River but, e compared with the 'ere killed, the value [) Kenya and France lorts of damage by I the fishennen have lUmbers. Crocodiles , and other parts of Ilts and preclude the the dams makes any limited funds it was

~ 330 canoes had been ~ith 62 l!t the end of les by the 30th June, or the motivation of nor lakes. Even the loes are making these re transom to take a . and the fishennen's n in daily service for

. students at the boat­ School, completed a Ilployment except two a fully qualified boat- second batch of 13 lnoes was ended and aft. All the products well adapted to local

than local significance .ats. In 1956 to meet \~ \(\n~ce.... & \he.- ~()J 'n..n~ \"ICd.. G: \"O.<:)~ ~~~ \t;)o::J c~~n\~\eul'\f rpe fishing boats made war. placed an order (J,~ -\\"\.e-~ \~ t\.()~- C> u...J'-~ 1S'f\~ ~l'. .. __ \ ..

~" '--\,\~ -f(':Ii.""l\r>., \::::t.~~ 'fV\.e;,.~~.,..... '8\~ I ~\\~1 r:y.- \).J~~_

()~ -\'\~~""cs."" ,.Q , L_ ""\. \ \ \. I .. '-'y \.Q,=,=- ,- ~<:.i::ll. ~ C r1:..•'-?\ W\'\I li S<4:.>~.\~ ~''--\~ I PLATE II Peter, a vervet monkey; one of the oldest inmates at the Game and Fisheries Department's "Animal Orphanage" at Entebbe. [Photograph by Informa­ tion Department).

Two young buffalo, PLATE III Department's "Anin A young bushbuck at the Department's "Animal Orphanage" [Photograph by Information Depart­ ment].

1

.i i Q

A fine bushbuck; PLATE II 'ter, a vervet monkey; Ie of the oldest inmates the Game and Fisberies epartment's "Animal :phanage" at Entebbe. >hotograph by Informa­ tion Department].

PLATE IV Two young buffalo, presented by His Highness the Kabaka, in the paddocks at the PLATE III Department's "Animal Orphanage" at Entebbe. [Photograph by B. G. Kinloch]. young bushbuck at the epartment's "Animal rphanage" [Photograph I Information Depart­ ment].

PLATE V A fine bushbuck; a common antelope in most bush and forested areas in Uganda. [Photograph by D. S. Densham]. :--,

:.

PLATE VI The pair of white rhinoceros captured in West Madi for the Zoological Society of London in 1955-see paragraph 220, 1954/55 Annual Report-are now flourishing in the Zoo in Regent's Park, Lcmd"n. [Photograph by B. G. Kinloch]. ~; ~

o

....,o

::l ~ .,C PLATE VII Two of nature's "Sanitary Corps"-the slinking spotted hyaena and .... [Photograph by B. G. Kinloch].

PLATE VIII .... the graceful silver-backed jackal. [Photograph by B. G. Kinloch]. PLATE IX Visual proof of the serious threat to Uganda's wild life-wire snares, wheel traps .. The wire snare m, and vicious gin traps collected on a few safaris in one range alone. [Photograph by K. B. Robson] .

...,. PLATE X ·e snares, wheel traps The wire snare menace-a noose of steel cable found set on a buffalo trail. range alone. [Photograph by K. B. Robson]. ~,

4

, PLATE XI "Open Day" at the Game and Fisheries Department offices at Entebbe.-Interested crowds gathered round the animals .... [Photograph by B. G. Kinloch].

...,. PLATE XII . and jammed tight to see the aquaria, while .... [Photograph by B. G. Kinloch] . . ... ~ PLATE XIII at Entebbe.-Interested .... others studied the game exhibits or .... I B. G. Kinloch]. [Photograph by B. G. Kinloch].

PLATE XIV Ie ...... stared, in horrified fascination, at the bottled snakes! [Photograph by B. G. Kinloch]. PLATE XV PLATE XVI Part of a good haul of Nile perch caught in gill nets in Fisheries Officer using aqua-lung on Lake Albert from deep water, on Lake Albert, from the fisheries launch the St. Clair whilst salvaging fishing boat. St. Clair, during experimental fishing. (See paragraph 222). [Photograph by B. G. Kinloch.] [Photograph by B. G. Kinloch].

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PLATE XVIII Part of the same site at the end of 1957, showing th.e series of experimental and ;production fish ponds developed at Kajansi since 1953. [Photograph by C. J. H. Simpson]. ")'

PLATE XIX Mechanised Sesse canoes. at Kigungu landing, Entebbe (Wireless Station Beach). The engines some [Photograph by In/ormation Department].

PLATE XX

Close-lib of Sesse canoe powered with 4 h.p. outboard engine to show the square, The boat-building cut away transom. [Photograph by Information Department]. types of fishing b

.' . · ",.,

PLATE XXI Vireless Station Beach). The engines sometimes break down! Outboard engine "workshop'" at Kigungu. t] . [Photograph by Information Department].

PLATE XXII fie to show the square, The boat-building section of Kabalega Technical School, Masindi, where improved epartment] . types of fishing boats to take inboard and outboard engines are being produced. [Photograph by f. Stoneman]. PLATE XXIII Professor J. A. C. Crutch­ field (centre), F.A.O. fish marketing expert, studies fish sales at Masese land­ ing, Jinja. [Photograph by B. G. Kinloch].

Fish camp in SUI mal

PLATE XXIV Fish retailing at Kigungu landing, Entebbe. [Photograph by Information Department].

t

,J:;

Sun dryi PLATE XXIII ofessor J. A. C. Crutch­ Id (centre), F.A.O. 'fish lrketing expert, studies h sales at Masese land­ ~,Jinja. [Photograph by B. G. Kinloch].

PLATE XXV Fish camp in sudd at south end of Lake Albert where salted fish for Belgian Congo market is being 'Prepared. [Photograph by D. H. Rhodes].

PLATE XXIV sh retailing at Kigungu landing, Entebbe. [Photograph by formation Department].

PLATE XXVI Sun drying of nkeje for Uganda markets-Bugonga village, Entebbe. [Photograph by Information Department]. Kampala firm took commercial boatyal uncertainties, failed PLATE XXVII Angling ­ A lung fish caught in an

unusual manner by swal­ 212. Interest i lowing a tilapia and then in the foundation ~ the major part of the gill The Association, wti net which had caught the and boating facilitie tilapia in the first place. [Photograph by and tiger fishing, all D. H. Rhodes]. ment for its part COl .of its influence five sho Trout fingerlings w more Nile perch in sporting fish additiol Kampala, which wa anglers in July, 1956 Elgon and test fishir Uganda.

PLATE XXVIII Lake Victoria Record Rainbow trout of 213. The fishel 9 Ibs. 13 ozs. from the River Sipi, Mount Elgon, Lake Victoria Fishel held by its cruptor, Major April, 1957, the ser F. L. C. Herbert. using their own vessl [Photograph by M.F.V. "Ningu". I F. T. Reader]. annual report which 214. Meetings Entebbe on the 26th 8th January, 1957, t Officer and one by tl Fisheries Research 215. The lIth Co-ordinating Comm was attended by the F 216. The East continued its studies histories and food 0 during the period. , report of the Organ Comfuission. 217. From Jam obtaining the service through the generosi United Nations. Ml catch and market stat Kampala firm took a lake-side plot at Port Bell for the construction of a commercial boatyard but because of the "credit-squeeze" and other unccrtainties, failed to develop it in the period under review.

~., ·ATE XXVII Angling fish caught in an 212. Interest in angling mounted during the period and culminated manner by swal­ a tilapia and then in the foundation of the Uganda Angling Association in March, 1957. or part of the gi)J The Association, which is all-racial, intends initially to establish rest-hoyse ch had caught the and boating facilities on Lake Albert for memhers interested in Nile perch in the first place. and tiger fishing, and to develop other waters as necessary. The Depart­ hotograph by ment for its part continued to assist the sport fisheries and largely through H. Rhodes]. its influence five shops in Kampala are now holding stocks of fishing tackle. Trout fingerlings were planted in the Nyamasagani River in Taro, and more Nile perch in the River Nile below the Owen Falls to give anglers a sporting fish additional to the natural Barbus. H.E. the Kabaka's Lake in Kampala, which was stocked with Tilap:a ziliii in 1955, was opened to anglers in July, 1956. Further work was done on the Sipi River on Mount Elgon and test fishing produced a 9 lb. 13 oz. rainbow trout, a record for Uganda.

.ATE XXVIII Lake Victoria Rainbow trout of 213. The fisheries of Lake Victoria are under the supervision of the 13 ozs. from the Lake Victoria Fisheries Service, which stations an officer at Entebbe. In lipi, Mount Elgon, April, 1957, the service started a fishing survey of the off-shore waters T its captor, Major L. C. Herbert. using their own vessel the "Darter" and the Uganda Government's 45-foot 'hotograph by M.F.V. "Ningu". Full details of this and other work are given in their , T. Reader]. annual report which is published hy the East Africa High ~ommission. 214. Meetings of the Lake Victoria Fisheries Board were held at Entebbe on the 26th July, 1956, and 26th April,'1957, and at Kisumu on 8th January, 1957, two of which were attended by the Senior Fisheries Officer and one by the Fisheries Officer (H.Q).

Fisheries Research • ~ 215. The 11th Meeting of the East Africa Inland Fisheries Research Co-ordinating Committee was held on 7th January, 1957, at Kisumu, and wa, attended by the Fisheries Offic:;r (H.Q). 216. The East Africa Fisheries Research Organisation at Jinja continued its studies of the chemistry and biology of the lakes and the life histories and food of fishes, work being concentrated on Lake Victoria during the period. A full description of this work is. given in the annual report of the Organisation which is published by the East Africa High Commission. 217. From January to May, 1957, the Department was fortunate in obtaining the services of Mr. K. V. R. Sastry, a Fisheries Statistician, through the generosity of the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. Mr. Sastry surveyed the existing methods of collecting catch and market statistics throughout Uganda and made recommendations

43

. \ , I for their improvement by instituting sampling and other techniques. Most SECT!I of his recommendations were immediately implemented in the Lake Kyoga and Edward areas, and will be extended to other regions when staff and finance permit. 218. Also through the generosity of the Food and Agriculture Organi­ sation the services of a fish marketing expert and a fisheries biologist were Administration

obtained for twelve month periods. The former, Dr. J, A. Crutchfield,. 224. The Fis~

Associate Professor of Economics at the University of Washington, SeattIe, April, 1957, when ~ U.S.A., arrived in June, 1957, to study fish marketing problems in Uganda Kichwamba, took and its export markets. The latter, Mr. D. H. Fry of the Californian 0' of the Fisheries laUi

Department of Fish and Game, also arrived in June to investigate the of Government sto~ Lake George fisheries with a view to assessing their potential production. He is based on Kasenyi where furnished accommodation has generously 225. All but f( been provided by TUFMAC. to maintain the gem work. The others 219. Mr. Popper, Chief of the Fisheries Economics Branch of the Food the implementation and Agriculture erganisation paid a short visit to Uganda in November, 1956, to acquaint himself with local problems as a preliminary to arranging the visits of Mr. Sastry and Dr. Crutchfield. He was accompanied by Fisheries Launch Dr. Hampton, Chief of the Fisheries Technology Branch, who examined 226. St. Clair

fish processing establishments in the Lake Edward/George area and made major defects have several suggestions for the improvement of their operation. These and the A gate fitted in the ~ visits of the other experts were and are being financed entirely by the Food a permanent awninl and AgriCulture Organisation, apart from local travelling and subsistence allowances. 227. The cob! general consider heI 220. In April, 1957, Mr. R. H. Beverton, of the Lowestoft Fisheries difficult to handle iJ Research Laboratory visited Uganda to study fisheries problems on Lake far forward and ho Victoria. He also took the opportunity of seeing Lake Albert and the capsized and sank v activities of the Department in that area. and beached by USI worse for the inde Conferences 228. The stafl 221. The Senior Fisheries Officer represented Uganda at the 2nd have been of great a Symposium on African Hydrobiology and Inland Fisheries which was held and their continued at Brazzaville in French Equatorial Africa in July, 1956. Production Courses 229. This ha 222. The Fisheries Officer, Lake Albert, whilst on home leave, production is assess undertook a course in the use of the aqualung at the British Underwater East African CustOl

"Centre, Dartmouth. He qualified as a "British Manfish" with a badge to fish goes to the Be . '~ear on his swim suit to prove it! Using departmental diving equipment of fish has been bm he has already recovered a fishing launch worth £800 which had foundered through Vurra (nea in Lake Albert. He has also trained one of his African Fish Guards in entirely. from the ( aqualunging and together they have co-operated in recovering several other 230. The ott, items tif gear from the lake. observation basis a: 223. This officer also took a course on diesel engine maintenance with production figures Messrs. Perkins Ltd., Peterborough. accurately.

44 her techniques. Most SECTION III.-FISHERIES BY REGION ed in the Lake Kyoga ~gions when staff and LAKE ALBERT REGION . -4,.'" ld Agriculture Organi­ Fisheries Officer's Report lisheries biologist were Administration Dr. J. A. Crutchfield, f Washington, Seattle, 224. The Fisheries Officer has been in charge from June, 1956,)0 April, 1957, when he proceeded on home leave. The Fisheries Assistant, ~ problems in Uganda ry of the Californian Kichwamba, took over in the latter half of March, 1957. The Coxswain me to investigate the of the Fisheries launch has been dismissed on his conviction of the theft . potential production. of Government stores. A replacement has been trained and engaged. dation has generously 225. All but four of the Fish Guards have been brought into Butiaba to maintain the gear and boats used in the experimental fishing and other LCS Branch of the Food work. The others are maintaining a minimum statistical cover, pending Jganda in November, the implementation of a new method of collecting statistics. eliminary to arranging was accompanied by Fisheries Launch :ranch, who examined 226. St. Clair has been slipped and overhauled twice in the year. No ;eorge area and made major defects have appeared, and several minor improvements were made. ·ation. These and the A gate fitted in the foredeck rail enables nets to be hauled over the bow, and 1 entirely by the Food a permanent awning over the foredeck has proved very beneficial. ~lling and subsistence 227. The cobble has been demonstrated to many fisheJ?llen who in general consider her a good boat but too expensive. She has proved rather ,e LowestoftFisheries difficult to handle in a sea, as due to her tunnel stern the engine is rather Les problems on Lake far forward and holds her bow down. It was due to thi5 fault that she Lake Albert and the capsized and sank while being towed off Kaiso at night. She was salvaged and beached by use of the "Aqualung" diving'gear, and proved none the worse for the incident. 228. The staff of the East African Railways and Harbours at Butiaba Uganda at the 2nd have been of great assistance in the overhaul of the ffshf1'ies craft at Butiaba, lenes which was held and their continued help has been much appreciated. I. Production 229. This has shown a very large increase over 1956. Total ilst on home leave, production is assessed mainly from records kept by the Belgian Congo and ~ British Underwater East African Customs authorities, as a very high proportion of Lake Albert Ish" with a badge to fish goes to the Belgian Congo. This year for the first time a good deal tal diving equipment of fish has been bought at the Panyimur Market and exported to the Congo which had foundered through Vurra (near Arua). The increase in production has been calculated ican Fish Guards in entirely from the Customs records from Vurra and Mahagi Port. overing several other 230. The other outlets for fish production are estimated on an observation basis and show no change over 1955. A method of assessing .ne maintenance with production figures is being developed to compute these figures more accurately.

45 231. Total production was 7,766 tons, made up as follows:­ 236. An incre: At the isolated vill Exports to Belgian Congo 5,466 tons. engines and one a Local sales from Lake Albert 500 tons. more cano'es have b

Consumed by fishermen 800 tons. unusual for the Lal loads up the Ndaig~ Additional subsistence fishing 200 tons. R..vengara to Taro and Congo 100 tons. 237. Rwenga From the Albert Nile, locally consumed 700 tons. 15 canoes operati beaches which we Records kept by Exports to the Belgian Congo produced during th

232. The following table shows the exports of salted fish through was probably hig v~

Mahagi Port and Vurrain 1956:­ expansion at this in the lake; these ~

-----_.... _-----­ fish a year, worth ~ ;, I _.__Through Mahagi I Through V_u_r_r_a _ Month struct all-weather rd Wt. (Kilos) ,I Value (Francs) I Wt. (lb.) I Value down for lack of fUl _____1 . _ (Shillings) _I I - --- - to allow the Rweng January 83,961 1,306,512 5,038 (Not available) Kasenyi, or allow a 1 February ill,819 1,629,579 Nil ­

March 106,384 1,570,590 43,775 (Not available) success. The fisheti April 135,938 1,695,207 193,334 136,991 their fish profitably ~ May 119,724 1,795,000 152,190 112,249 June 27,237 813,033 136,050 128,100 July 85,663 1,237,210 114,800 101,550 August 116,993 1,413,360 169,360 143,050 September 88,297 . 907,258 123,925 74,915 October 136,636 1,396,035 65,208 50,610 Marketing November 148,601 2,229,000 168,830 125,054 December 105,605 1,884,000 115,520 71,516 238. The ConI there have been vel TOTAL 1,266,858= 17,876,784= 1,288,030= 94-4,035= 1,247 tons £127,693 575 tons £47,201 the same time there I I - I within Uganda. Fl fresh fish to inland 4 233. A total of 1,822 tons of salted fish was exported worth £ 174,894, increases. This den giving a value of £96 per ton, an increase of £5 per ton over 1955, and water fishing at But £11 over 1954. salted fish from Bu 234. The increase in production is due to several factors, mainly the and Lira. At Kibir large increase in landings of ngara (Alestfs) and ngassa (Hydrocyon) from the distinction of h 3" and 2!" nets. The almost total adoption of synthetic nets, and the use best fed in Uganda, of powered canoes has also had some effect as elsewhere. The market at (They feed on little l Panyimur has greatly simplified marketing and stimulated fishing effort and 239. Two Gr production. ;. Panyimur. They h

235. Much of the increase has been at Bulisa at the north end of the staff; The District I lake where fishing is intensive along the whole shore line and which now tion of a stone ane has Luo and Baganda fishing camps in addition to the local ones. The funds, for the landil

overcrowding on the fishing grounds has led to an epidemic of net stealing been welcomed by t and this'~has caused some of the fishermen to move to the Butiaba area. trade has been dive Here fishing is not so good but there is no congestion either on the shore has also been activl or on the water. 20 cts. on each bund

46 up as follows:­ 236. An increase has also tal(en place at the southern end of the lake. 5,466 tons. At the isolated village of Tanya two fishermen have ordered outboard engines and one a Kabalega canoe. At Ndaiga on the Mubende coast 500 tons. more canoes have been operating; the fish has heen smoke cure'd which is 800 tons. unusual for the Lake Albert area. All the fish has to be carried by head 200 tons. loads up the Ndaiga escarpment and this prevents any major development. 100 tons.•. 237. Rwengara on the Toro coast has further expanded and now,.·has 700 tons. 15 canoes operating. Several of the larger units worked the Ntoroko beaches which were opened to Eeine-netting for the first time in 1956. Records kept by Fish Guards show that some 100 tons of wet fish were produced during the year. These records were incomplete and the true total )f salted fish through was probably higher, but again poor communications limit any major expansion at this village which serves some of the richest fishing grounds in the lake; these waters are capable of producing 4,000 to 6,000 tons of fish a year, worth approximately £200,000. Proposals were made to con­ Through Vurra struct all-weather roads to serve this and the Kdaiga areas but were turned t. (lb.) -I Value down for lack of funds. Proposals made to the Belgian Congo authorities (Shillings) i-~~-' to allow the Rwengara fishermen to sell their fish at a weekly market at 5,038 (Not available) Nil Kasenyi, or allow a Belgian buyer to visit Rwengara, similarly met with no 43,775 (Not available) success. The fishermen continue to struggle on with little hope of selling 193,334 136,991 152,190 112,249 their fish profitably. 136,050 128,100 114,800 101,550 169,360 143,050 123,925 7+,915 65,208 50,610 Marketing 168,830 125,05+ 115,520 71,516 238. The Congo market has been fairly steady through the year, and 8,030= 9++ 035= there have been very few complaints from fishermen of low prices. At 5 tons £47,201 the same time there has been evidence of a ~teady development of sales within Uganda. Four motor-vans and many bicycles are now carrying fresh fish to inland centres in BunYarD, where the demand for this product :>rted worth £174,894, increases. This demand has led to an increase in.shQre-seining and deep :r ton over 1955, and water fishing at Butiaba. There is also a steady supply of sun-dried and >alted fish from Buli~a and Panyimur, through Pakwaeh, to Arua, Gulu al factors, mainly the and Lira. At Kibiro on the lake shore the local inhabitants have achieved 'sa (Hydrocyon) from the distinction of being singled out by a nutrition survey as amongst the etie nets, and the use best fed in Uganda, hy reason of their high consumption of fish and mille 1ere. The market at (They feed on little else.) ted fishing effort and 239. Two Greek fish buyers have been licensed to buy fish at Panyimur. They have erected stores, warehouses, and housing for their the north end of the staff. The District Commissioner, \Vest Nile, has arranged for the construc­ line and which now tion of a stone and timher landing jetty from Community Development :he local ones. The funds, for the landing of fish from canoes. This "miniature Grimsby" has :iemic of net stealing been welcomed by the fishermen with enthusiasm, and much of the Mahagi to the Butiaba area. trade has been diverted to Panyimur. The \Vest Nile Local Government I either on the shore has also been active in stimulating this industry and now collects a tax of 20 cts. on each bundle of fish sold in the market.

47 Boat Building Fishing Gear 240. The boat-building course at the N.A.C. Kabalega Technical 246. The per School has shown good progress. It is now housed in a large separate shed has continued to r with attached stores and office and an electricity supply. A timber stockpile nets in use are nOVl has been laid in, and a number of electric hand tools purchased. nets, all h.and brai fast. Almost all Sf 241. The original course of 13 apprentices finished training in now carefully gradl January, 1957, and all but two of these men have found employment. Numerous enquid These two would not take jobs away from their homes and resisted all attempts by the Education authorities and the Labour Department to 247. There h persuade them to accept work in Kampala and elsewhere. Of the others, various Uganda irn two are working at the P,W.D. boatyard at Port Bell, two at Kasenyi on been set up at Bu Lake George, three as instructors at Kabalega School, and four as boat­ made a tour of t builders in a pilot boatyard operated by the Department at Butiaba. They enquiries and ordf have been lent a building shed and sufficient materials for one canoe. This samples he had v they will build and sell, and with the proceeds purchase fresh materials fishermen that a h and repay a portian ()f the original loan. In time it is hoped that they will long run than a 1 become completely independent and form the nucleus of a boat-building industry serving Lake Albert. They have been provided with housing and Propaganda are being paid a small maintenance allowance, which will be repayable from 248. The D profits. ' Bunyoro and one , Kabalega canoes, 242. A' new course of 13 boys has been enrolled at Kabalega, and demonstrated, and the Educ.ation Department have appointed a European boat builder as powered Kabalega Instructor; he took up his post in April, 1957. who showed grea 243. The Kabalega Se3ses which have been sold to Africans are pertinent questioll regularly fishing 7 to 10 miles offshore, and carrying up to one ton of fish, 70 lb. Nile perch salt, etc., on long safaris from point to point. The owners are extremely show this was a

satisfied with them, but the ones now being made are two feet wider in the beam, much more seaworthy and have better carrying capacity than earlier In/ringements ~

ones. The first of the Kabalega canoes have now been in use for 18 months, 249. The c(j and are standing up to hard usage very well. They have repaid their first cost delta was sharpl~ several times to the owners. The demand for craft from the school has not Officer in the fishl slackened and there is a waiting list of fishermen who require new canoes. one, consisting of: village. The oth Fishing Craft tunately at a plai successfully pros 244. Seven canoes out of 700 on the lake have now been powered with Africans in chaff outboards. Most of these have two motors--one in use and one under repair! One fisherman has bought an inboard engine for his canoe, but on Sporting Fishil . J the advice of this Department has not fitted it as his canOe is not suitable. 250. Nile J He hopes to buy one of the improved Kabalega type canoes in which at Butiaba. No' to fit this engine. Some five fishermen at Butiaba, Bulisa, and Rwengara A party of two . were granted loans totalling £1,100 from the African Loans Fund for ·50 fish, none ove the purchase of boats, engines and nets. Buhuka in the ]

.. ~ 245. Outboard motor manufacturers have taken a greater interest in which, having a( the area this year, and several demonstrations were arranged by local agents fishing from a I of British and American motors. reported to hav,

48 f Fishing Gear ~. Kabalega Technical I 246. The percentage of gill nets made of nylon and other synthetics I in a large separate shed has continued to rise, and in the northern part of the lake alrti'ost all the ply. A timber stockpile nets in use are now synthetic. There are now at least seven all-nylon seine ools purchased. nets, all hand braided, and the use of nylon for these nets is spreading s finished train'i'ng in fast. Almost all seine nets have been fitted with proper bags, and they are ve found employment. now carefully graded in mesh size and thickness of twine from wings to,bag. homes and resisted all Numerous enquiries have been made for machine-made nylon seines. "abour Department to 247. There has been a much greater show of interest in the area by the :where. Of the others, various Uganda importers of nets and twine, and several new agencies have Iell, two at Kasenyi on been set up at Butiaba and Bulisa. The representative of one firm who Lool, and four as boat­ made a tour of the area with the Fisheries Officer was swamped with nent at Butiaba. They enquiries and orders from fishermen, who literally fought to buy the few .Is for one canoe. This samples he had with him. There is an encouraging realisation by the Jrchase fresh materials fishermen that a heavier and better quality net or twine is far better in the is hoped that they will long run than a flimsy one, even though the initial cost is higher. eus of a boat-building rided with housing and Propaganda will be repayable from 248. The Department exhibited at two shows, one at Bulindi in Bunyoro and one at Pakwach in West Nile. At both, the usual outboards, ,lled at Kabalega, and Kabalega canoes, nets, etc., were on show. At Pakwach the cobble was )pean boat builder as demonstrated, and free rides given in both the cobble and an outboard­ powered Kabalega canoe. Here a large number of fishermen .were attracted who showed great interest in the boats and engines anq asked many sold to Africans are pertinent questions. Of their own accord the local fishermen brought a ~ up to one ton of fish, 70 lb. Nile perch to put on the fisheries stall. By the end of a two-day : owners are extremely show this was a very prominent exhibit! ~ two feet wider in the g capacity than earlier Infringements of the Fisheries Regulations n in use for 18 months, 249. The continued poaching by Belgian motor craft off the Semliki re repaid their first cost delta was sharply checked by a raid in January, ~ 1957. The Fisheries rom the school has not Officer in the fisheries launch St. Clair caught two parties in powered boats; require new canoes. one, consisting of 37 fishermen, was actually fishing on the beach at Buhuka village. The other party was some It miles inside Uganda waters, for­ tunately at a place where the boundary is well defined. Both cases were successfully prosecuted in court, and resulted in prison sentences for the ow been powered with Africans in charge, and confiscation of the boats and gear. n use and one under ~ for his canoe, but on Sporting Fishing : canOe is not suitable. 250. Nile perch fishing has been extremely popular again this year type canoes in which at Butiaba. No very big fish have been caught, and fishing has been patchy. Bulisa, and Rwengara A party of two rods spent a week at Butiaba in January and caught some ican Loavs Fund for 50 fish, none over 35 Ibs. Two parties of visitors have spent a few days at Buhuka in the East African Railways and Harbours launch "Murchison" 1 a greater interest in which, having accommodation for eight, they used as a floating hotel, whilst ranged by local agents fishing from a smaller auxiliary motor-boat. The charge for this trip is reported to have been £50 for three days. Both parties reported that the

49 '­ \ fishing at Buhuka was excellent, and apart from this that the scenery was 260. In magnificent, and well worth a visit for its own sake. at Aswa, and se 251. Fishing for perch: in the Aswa River, north of Gulu, has long have been' com] been popular among the anglers of Gulu. All records for this river were broken in March, 1957, when lvIr. R. Howarth of Gulu landed a 45 lb. Deep. Water fish near Aywere Cwero. 261. Exp

252. Tiger fishing at Butiaba has become more popular of late, and up to Decemb remains as good as ever. Some American visitors have enjoyed good sport December 195~ by casting off the deck of a launch when trolling for perch into likely Kingdom. or looking spots on the shore. The tiger fish seem to lie under rocks or tree used exclusivel

roots, and take the spoon as the angler starts to retrieve it. If, as sometimes total of 2,090 It happens, th03e twlling over the stem heok a perch at the same time as 262. Fis~ the caster hooks a "tiger", the coxswain has some difIiculty in sorting out many of the e confusing orders! supervision ani on these occas Visitors • .. sounder traces 253. Sir Ferdinand Cavendish Bentinck, Speaker of the Legislative 263. Cab Council, Kenya, and Lady Bentinck, visited Butiaba in August, 1956, to (a) 8" see the deep water fishing in progress. Sir Ferdinand saw a successful net 1 haul and later went on to catch a 70 lb. Nile perch by trolling. 65 lb 254. ' M1'. B. Dembo, of the Uganda Development Corporation, toured (Late. the southern end of Lake Albert with the Fisheries Officer to examine averal possibilities for a deep freeze fish factory there. Possible sites at Butiaba, (Mor: Buhuka, and Ndaiga were examined, and existing Belgian installations at In a Kasenyi were visited. Mr. Dembo's conclusions were favourable, but he 500 ) stated that road access to the southern end of the lake and sufficient capital would have to be assured before going further. 255. Mr. F. Popper, Chief Fisheries Economist, Food and Agriculture Organisation, was taken to Butiaba, Bulisa, and Mahagi in November to examine fish processing and distribution methods in Uganda and the Congo. 256. Mr. K. V. R. Sastry, Fisheries Statistician, Food and Agriculture Organisation, was taken to Butiaba and Bulisa in March to examine the methods of statistical collection, with a view to formulating a more efficient method. 257. Mr. C. Handley Bird, Minister of Commerce and Works, and Mrs. Bird visited Kibiro and fished for Nile perch in order to obtain an idea of the potential tourist attraction of this sport.

Fish Farming 258. Considerable thefts of fish from the Gulu fish farm have held

up production, but its example has led to the construction of several private pq.~ds in Acholi. At least one of these is producing edible fish. 259. There has been a steady flow of requests for fish for stocking ponds in Bunyoro, where 14 ponds were built in 1956.

50 ------

that the scenery was 260. In West Nile, a Community Development Farm has been built at Aswa, and some four or five smaller ponds in other parts of the District th of Gulu, has long have been completed. Is for this river were ;ulu landed a 45 lb. Deep Water Fishing ." 261. Experiments have continued with deep-set gill nets. The period popular of late/'and up to December 1956 is dealt with in the previous annual report. In e enjoyed good sport December 1956 a new nylon net, 1,000 yards long, arrived from the United :or perch into likely Kingdom. Of this, half was 8" mesh and the other half 5". This has b~en ~ under rocks or tree used exclusively for the experiments since it arrived. On the first haul a :it. If, as sometimes total of 2,090 Ibs. of fish were taken. at the same time as 262. Fishing has followed the pattern previously described. However, ficulty in sorting out many of the experiments have been carried out by Fish Guards without supervision and it has not been possible to make use of the echo-sounder on these occasions. Hence the attemp~ to correlate landings with echo­ sounder traces has been shelved.

~r of the Legislative 263. Catches have been as follows:­ in August, 1956, to (a) 8" Nels: saw a successful net The average catch per setting, per hundred yards of net, was r trolling. 65 Ibs. with a percentage abundance of species of 67 % mputa Corporation, toured (Lates), 22 % wahrindi (Synodonlis), and 11 % others. The Officer to examine average weights of the fish wel-e m1'uta 10 Ibs., kasulubana ible sites at Butiaba, (;11ormyms) 11 lbs., sernutundu (Bagtlls) 14 Ibs. and wahrindi 2 Ibs. 19ian installations at In a total of nine 8etttngs, 2,969 Ibs. of fish were caught in the ~ favourable, but he 500 yards length of 8-inch net, made up as follows': --­ and sufficient capital 240 lVIputa weighing 2,374 Ibs. ~ I 8 Kasulubana" 88 lbs. 'ood and Agriculture 15 Senmtundu" 209 Ibs. agi in November to ': 73 \VaIFimli" 176 Ibs. mda and the Congo. 12 Others " 122 Ibs. 'ood and Agriculture (b) 5" Nets: Irch to examine the The average catch per setting, per 100 yards of net, was .ling a more efficient 63 Ibs., with a percentage abundance of species of wahrindi 68 %, mputa 25 % and others 7 %. The average weights of the fish :ce and W'arks, and were mputa 2'1 Ibs. and \vahrindi 2,2 Ibs. Nearly all the small order to obtain an mputa caught in the 5-inch net were Lates macrophthalmus which were mature at this size. It will be noted that Tilapia do not appear in the catches as these are generally speaking a fish of the shallow waters. In a total of nine settings, 2,878 lbs. of fish were caught in the 500 yards length of S-inch net, made up as follows:­ fish farm have held )n of several private 292 lVIputa weighing 613 Ibs. dible fish: 871 Wahrindi" 1,735 Ibs. or fish for stocking 6 Scmutundu" 53 Ibs. 56. 12 Kasulubana" 73 lbs. 57 Others " 404 Ibs. 51 264. The experiments have been watched with interest by local fishermen and two outboard canoes are now operating from Butiaba and Ngara fishing with 2,000 yards of 8" net apiece in 150 feet of water, seven miles off­ Ngassa shore. Good catches are reported and the fishermen concerned are Others enthusiastic.

Statistics 265. Varieties of fish caught worked out in percentage of abundance from recorded samples:­ (a) Seine Nets • Gear Per cent Ngara Alestes spp. 33·4 Number of fishings .. Ngege Tilapia spp. 23·6 Karuka Labeo horie 12·8 Total catch (lb.) Ngassa Hydrocyon forskalii 6·7 Mputa Lates albertianus 6·5 Average per haul (lb.) Wachone Distichodus niloticus 6·3 Wahrindi • .. Synodontis schall 3·3 Percentage of total sar Wagassa Hydrocyon uneatus 2·5 weight .. Kasulubana Mormyrus spp. ·8 Others 4·1 Probable total catch pel Tons 100

(b) 9" gill nets (g) Total weight Mputa Lates albertianus .. 29·1 Wachone Distichodus niloticus 22·8 Mpoi Citherinus citherus 15·2 Ngara 2,509 tl Kisinja Barbus bynni .. 14·6 tons; wahrindi 280 Kasulubana Mormyrus spp. 8·8 Kugungu .. Labeo coubie . . 4·0 karuka 105 tons; se Semutundu Bagrus docmac 3·5 others 350 tons. Others 2·0 -­ 100 = (h) (c) 8" gill nets Wachone Distichodus niloticus 48·0 Kisinja Barbus bynni .. 16·6 Species Mputa Lates albertianus 10·9 Mpoi Citherinus citherus 6·6 Mpoi Kugungu Labeo coubie 4·7 Mputa Kasulubana Mormyrus spp. 4·4 Wachone Others 8·8 Ngege -­ Ngassa 100 Ngara = Karuka Kisinja (d) S" gill nets Kugungu Semutundu Ngege Tilapia spp. 49·5 Kasulubana Wachone Distichodus niloticus 12·5 Buti'u Wahrindi Synodontis schall 11·3 Wahrindi Karuka Labeo horie 7·0 Wagassa Kisinja Barbus bynni 6'7 Mbissa

Kugungu Labeo coubie .. 5·9 Lanya •. ~Others 7·1 --­ Ntaitai 100 Mamba -

52

/ ~ interest by local (e) 3" gill nets : from Butiaba and Ngara Alestes baremose 88;.1 ater, seven miles off­ Ngassa Hydrocyon forskalii 11 ·1 nen concerned are Others 0·2 100

(f) Summary of Sampled Catches :ntage of abundance I 9" 8" 5" 3" Long • Gear Seine Gill net Gill net Gill net Gill net Line I net 50 yds. 50 yds. 100 yds. 100 yds. 10 hooks Per cent 1-~5031-1~i-8642!>11r2~22-'--66-9- 33·4 Number of fishings .. 23·6 ------12·8 Total catch (lb.) 1140,581 I 48,679 I 59,641 _99,9~1156.20~1 38,617 6·7 6·5 Average per haul (lb.) 279 I 43 I 69 I 49 I 66 I 57 6·3 -----, 3·3 Percentage of total sample by I 181-~1---7- 2·5 weight ...... I 26 9 11 ·8 4·1 Probable total catch per gear- 1-2-,0-1-9-1--~~~ Tons .. ., " 854 1,398 \ '2'2521-:~ 100

(g) Total weight of each species caught in 1956 (rough computation) 29·1 22·8 15'2 Ngara 2,509 tons; mputa 1,955 tons; ngege 922 tons; wachone 745 14·6 tons; wahrindi 280 tons; ngassa 261 tons; kisinja 258 tons; ·rnpoi 211 tons; 8·8 4·0 karuka 105 tons; semutundu 71 tons; wagassa 67 tons; mbissa 30 tons; and 3·5 others 350 tons. ' 2·0 100 (h) Average Weights of Species in .Ro'llnds

48·0 16,6 Seine 9" \ 8" 5" 3" Long Species net Gill net Gill net Gill net 10·9 Gill net Line ------.. 6·6 4·7 Mpoi · . · . 5·3 12·4 18·2 5·0 - ­ Mputa · . · . · . 8·0 31 ·1 26·-6 11'0 - 18·3 4·4 Wachone 1·8 15'3 32·7 1·5 - 8·8 · . · . · . ­ Ngege · . · . · . 1·3 - - 1·4 -- - 100 Ngassa · . · . · . 0·8 - 1·5 1·1 ­ Ngara · . · . 0·6 - - - 1·4 - Karuka · . · . · . 1·8 14·8 5·7 2·0 1·8 - Kisinja · . · . 5·8 150 5·8 • 2·6 -- - Kugungu · . · . · . 7·3 15·5 9·1 0·7 - - 49·5 Semutundu · . · . 7·0 11·5 10·5 4·2 -­ 12·5 Kasulubana · . · . 4·2 16·2 8·8 1·8 - 13·6 11·3 Bubu · . · . · . 2·2 10·0 5·2 3·0 - ­ Wahrindi · . · . 1·5 - - 2·9 0·8 ­ 7·0 2·1 6·7· Wagassa ·. · . · . 17·7 8·0 6·0 - ­ Mbissa · . · . · . 4·6 9·9 17· 5 9·0 - 11·5 5'9 - 7·1 Lanya · . ·. · . 1· 8 - 3·7 0·8 ­ Ntaitai · . · . · . 1·2 - - 3·0 0·5 ­ 100 Mamba · . · . · . 2·2 I - I - -- - I 17·3

53 LAKES GEORGE/EDWARD REGION a cold store witl only whole fish ( Fisheries Officers Report consequent on tl General temperature cold 272. In the western fisheries region production continued to increase, at Kasenyi belol the overall recorded landings being 8,800 tons of wet fish in 1956 as against 6,500 tons in 1955. Part of this is due to revivals in fisheries that had 277. Despi from one cause or another previously suffered set-backs, but is mainly on smoked fish con account of continuing increase in effort and more effective gear. 1,100 tons though there wa: of the 1956 total was produced from small lakes and rivers that did not the case of sahel appear in previous records and also from Lake Kijanebolola, which in 1955 1/60 for ngege a was only just beginning to recover from desiccation in early 1952. This lake Shs. 1/98 per kil of approximately 27 square miles yielded 880 tons of fish in 1956. Lakes have remained st George and Edward, and the Kazinga Channel between them contributed in effort on Lak< 6,616 tons as against 5,274 tons in 1955, accounting for the bulk of the was predicted in generally increased landing. order that Ugan< production waul 273. Over. 6,000 tons of the total production were exported as through MpondY processed fish arid the rest consumed locally, in addition to which there is of salted fish, 68/ a proportion of the Lake George catch which is by old custom allotted to a value of £220/ the canoe crews and does not figure in TUFMAC's records. This may be £179,503. roughly assessed at 200 tons, which would afford a final total for the lakes k and rivers in this area of 9,000 tons of wet fish, having an approximate value )l. of £225,000·to the fishermen, and giving an average annual return of £225 Lake George gross percanoe owner. 278. The fl 274.. The most significant trends, which are linked with the increase 2,893 tons. In] in the catch, are the expanding use of nets made of synthetic fibres, and on increase, howeve the main lakes of Edward and George the change over from manual to canoes, which br mechanical propulsion of canoes. By May, 1957, 74 vessels had been The target figure licensed to use outboard engines on Lake Edward, of which 51 were in first time but thi: regular service. This represents an increase of 70 since January, 1956. not been fishing. There is also a twenty-foot diesel-engined craft at Katwe which is in use as a powered canoes ( tug for canoes proceeding to and returning from their fishing grounds. of the lake with J 2,805 nylon nets of various brands and 1,567 flax nets were sold at Katwe than in the previ< in 1956, compared with 2,271 and 8,144 respectively in 1955, which not the average weigl only reflects the user's preference but also the vastly greater durability of bigger landings 0 nylon nets. In the Lake George fishery 1,982 nylon and 1,543 flax nets 916 tons and afl were fished in 1956, again a different picture from 1955, when only 196 generally prefern nylon nets were used. On many of the smaller lakes also the use of nylon usual methods. nets is spreading, especially in Ankole and Kigezi, where nets of smaller to TUFMAC w: mesh than the 5" gill net employed on the main lakes are in use. them, but since a

275. There has also been a very considerable increase in the fishing by the fish-meali ~ffort-36 % in the case of Lake Edward and the Kazinga Channel, and a·'matter for cor 25 % on Lake George, despite the stoppage in March, 1956, when fishing welcome develop ceased for 21 days during a dispute with TUFMAC over prices. There extent, and if a have been increases of effort on many of the smaller lakes also. population ratio I

277:>. On the processing side new developments include a freezing total catch on I plant at Katunguru. This consists of two ice-plants, a generating set, and though better th~

56 ,GlON a cold store with a handling capacity of about two tons per day. So far only whole fish on ice has been produced, but it is intended to make fillets consequent on the installation in the near future of a third ice-plant, a low temperature cold room, and a standby generating set. The fishmeal plant ion continued to increase, at Kasenyi belonging to TUFMAC came into full production in 1956. 'Vet fish in 1956 as against vals in fisheries that had 277. Despite a recession in the middle of the year, dried, falted and t-backs, but is mainly on smoked fish continued to be sold to the Congo in substantial quantities, effective gear._ 1,100 tons though there was a considerable drop in the prices obtained, especially in ; and rivers that did not the case of saIted fish with a fall in value from Shs. 2/30 per kilo to Shs. janebolola, which in 1955 1/60 for ngege and from Shs. 2 to Shs. 1 for other fish. Prices averaged I in early 1952. This lake Shs. 1/98 per kilo salt fish all kinds and Shs 3/30 per kilo smoked fish, but s of fish in 1956. Lakes have remained static at th'e lower level since October, 1956. The increase letween them contributed in effort on Lake Edward was related to this fall in prices. This increase Iting for the bulk of the was predicted in the 1955/56 Annual Report when it was suggested that in order that Uganda might maintain itself in the competitive Congo market, production would have to be increased, and prices lowered. Exports lction were exported as through Mpondwe customs post totalled 1,385 tons consisting of 646 tons Lddition to which there is of salted fish, 687 tons of smoked fish and 52 tons of fresh frozen fish with by old custom allotted to a value of £220,769, compared with 1,100 tons all kinds in 1955, sold for ~'s records. This may be £179,503. a final total for the lakes ,ing an approximate value ge annual return of £225 Lalw George 278. The fresh landed weight of all species sold to TUFMAC was linked with the increase 2,893 tons. In 1955 the figure was 2,599 tons. The larger part of this )f synthetic fibres, and on increase, however, was due to heavier landings from TUFMAC-owned 1ge over from manual to canoes, which brought in 469 tons, 231 tons more than the year before. 57, 74 vessels had been The target figure of 350,000 Tilapia a mOQth was realised in May for the rd, of which 51 were in first time but this would not have been the case if TUFMAC canoes had 70 since January, 1956. not been fishing. No more outboard engines were in use than in 1955 but ~atwe which is in use as a powered canoes continued to exploit the formerly unfished northern shore [} their fishing grounds. of the lake with good resultk Although 190,930 ll'lore Tilapia were landed nets were sold at Katwe than in the previous year, their total weight was 78 tons less, due to a fall in rely in 1955, which not the average weight per fish from 1-46 Ibs. to 1'33 lbs., but this was offset by tIy greater durability of bigger landings of other fish, notably Protopteru9 and Clarias, which totalled Ion and 1,543 flax nets 916 tons and afforded 371 tons more than in 1955. These fish are not n 1955, when only 196 generally preferred by the local customer and are difficult to process by the ~s also the use of nylon usual methods. In former years they were somewhat of an embarrassment where nets of smaller to TUFMAC who are obliged to accept all Lake George fish offered to ,cs are in use. them, but since a good deal of this portion of the catch can now be absorbed increase in the fishing by the fish-mealing plant, heavier landings of these species are no longer Kazinga Channel, and a matter for concern. Indeed, from a biological point of view this is a ch, 1956, when fishing welcome development, as these fish are predators of the Tilapia to some C over prices. There extent, and if allowed to escape capture could seriously unbalance the r lakes also. population ratio of fish in the lake. The percentage of predatory fish in the ts include a freezing total catch on Lake George, however, still remains unduly low at 6 %, a generating set, and though better than in 1955·wb'en it was only 4'8%.

57 279. Processed fish from the TUFMAC factory at Kasenyi on Lake vlcmlty of Ruking George was disposed of as follows:­ Kampala as fresh f Smoked and dried salted fish exported already been made, to the Coago 156 tons worth £15,572 part of the Katung Smoked and dried salted fish distribu­ which will obviate ted in Uganda '" 73 tons worth £8,785 involved in the hot: to the fishermen as

Fresh whole fish distributed in Uganda 195 tons worth £8,574 (or 1 cubic yard o~ Quick-frozen fillets distributed- 282. It will In Uganda ...... 99 tons worth £25,649 l Katunguru is neadj

In Kenya .. , 211 tons worth £52,510 however, be assum. In Tanganyika .. ' 35 tons worth £8,766. exceptionally good~ The fish-meal plant produced about 200 tons of meal worth £11,400, the Lake George, wheri bulk of which was sold to Kenya for cattle feed. The gross earnings of fishing. At Katunj

Lake George fishermen thrcugh TUFlvIAC were £58,692, and they licensed for long-Ii continued to be supplied with fishing gear and other commodities by the George catches 16~ Corporation on reraYPOent. 8,975 recorded. It: licensed, set nets, Lahe Edward and the Kazinga Channel unlicensed vessels ; transferred to boat: 280. The total recorded landings from the fishing centres of Katun­ record as having be guru, Katwe, Kayanja, kazinga and Rwensama amounted to 3,724 tons been described in of wet fish, an increase of 1,049 tons, or 39%, on 1955. The composition of patrolling and heav the catch by weight was as follows:- possible to journey Ngege (Tilapia nilotica) 2,200 tons, semutundu (Bagrus docmac) of the Kazinga Cha 1,054 tons, mamba (Protopterus cethiopicus) 220 tons, kisinja (Barbus of wickedness. OOl spp.) 164 tons, male (Clarias lazera) 82 tons, kasulubana (1Hormyrus abandoned by the ' spp.) 3 tons, and ningu (Labeo jonkalii) 1 ton. pace cross-country . The firs,t two species forming the vast bulk of the catch are also the of guilt and reman most popular with the consumer. in the thick thorn watching to see wha 281. The proportion of predatory fish was 19 %, not significantly different from the previous year when it was just over 20%. Except in the Minor Lakes arnj case of Kazinga, where there was an all-round fall-off in the landing, all

the villages increased their production, notably Katwe and Katunguru. The effort in terms of the number of nets fished increased everywhere, and 283. Lake N~ the average catch per net taking the ngege as the index was 10 on the main productive small la lake, rising to 15 at Rwensama, and 47 at Katunguru. For Lake Edward ponding reduction this represents a fall of one fish per net or a total of 180 tons of fish. taking into account Generally speaking, however, the average weights of all species of fish either an increase of 16 t remained static or rose slightly. \Vith the exception of Kayanja where the increase in the totl3 catch is sold fresh to fishmongers for distribution in western Busongora, a in 1956 (thesefigurl certain amount sold in the same way at Katunguru to the people of days a year). The Bunyaruguru and the fish consumed by the fishermen themselves, the whole 51 Ibs. in the cours catch was salted or smoked and sold to Congo buyers. At Katwe and now 13·3% of the f Katunguru production is about equally divided between salted and smoked 284. 65 tons fish and at Kazinga and Rwensama the whole catch is smoked. During the the balance of 220 year some Rwensama fish began to be sold fresh in Kabale and in the price paid for the e 58 )ry at Kasenyi on Lake vlclmty of Rukingire, and a part of the Katunguru catch was sold in Kampala as fresh fish on ice, through the ice-plant of which mention has already been made. When in full production it is expected that a large .56 tons worth £ 15,572 part of the Katunguru and Kazinga landing will be handled in this way, which will obviate some of the very considerable consumption of firewood 73 tons worth £8,785 involved in the hot smoking process. Obtaining sufficient wood is a problem to the fishermen as each batch of fish requires about 300 Ibs. of firewood 95 tons wortK' £8,574 (or 1 cubic yard of firewood for smoking 250 Ibs. of fresh fish). i' 282. It will have been noted that the average catch per net at 99 tons worth £25,649 Katunguru is nearly five times as high as on Lake Edward. It should not, ~ll tons worth £52,510 however, be assumed from this that the fishing in the Kazinga Channel is 35 tons worth £8,766. exceptionally good. Natural conditions there are very comparable with leal worth £11,400, the Lake George, where the catch per net of ngege is about 26 for one night's The gross earnings of fishing. At Katunguru there are 17 canoes licensed to fish nets, and 30 're £58,692, and they licensed for long-lines, a potential of 47 canoes. On the basis of Lake ler commodities by the George catches 16,243 nets were set from Katunguru in 1956 as against 8,975 recorded. In fact nearly all the canoes from this village, however licensed, set nets, and there are, as in time past, varying numbers of unlicensed vessels operating. The catch from these poaching canoes is transferred to boats with a net licence during the night and appears on hing centres of Katun­ record as having been caught legally. This is not a new departure and has mounted to 3,724 tons been described in Departmental reports before, but in spite of constant i5. The composition of patrolling and heavy penalties for convicted malefactors, it is still seldom possible to journey from Katunguru to Lake George through ~e closed part :undu (Bagrus docmac) of the Kazinga Channel east of the bridge without coming acr:oss some form o tons, kisinja (Barbus of wickedness. One may find nets set in closed waters or unlicensed canoes kasulubana (111ormyrus abandoned by the waterside, the owners of which may be making a good pace cross-country to Katunguru, nursing, on~ would like to think, feelings the catch art~ also the of guilt and remorse; much more likely, however, they are hiding snugly in the thick thorn-scrub which abounds in this part of the Channel, 19 %, not significantly watching to see what happens. ~r 20 %. Except in the Minor Lakes and Waterways -off in the landing, all :atwe and Katunguni. ANKOLE DISTRICT ~eased everywhere, and 283. Lake Nakivali.-In 1955 the fishing effort on this formerly very lex was 10 on the main productive small lake was noted as having fallen by 33 %, with a corres­ ru. For Lake Edward ponding reduction in catches. During 1956, however, the total landing, 11 of 180 tons of fish. taking into account days on which records were not taken, was 480 tons, ill species of fish either an increase of 16 tons per square mile. This can be attributed to a 23 % of Kayanja where the i.ncrease in the total number of nets fished from 17,278 in 1955 to 21,245 western Busongora, a in 1956 (these figures are recalculated from the records to a basic 350 fishing urn to the people of days a year). The landed weight per net increased from 40 Ibs. per net to I themselves, the whole 51 Ibs. in the course of the year, due to the heavier catch of male (Clarias), [yers. At Katwe and now 13'3 %of the full landed weight. een salted and smoked 284. 65 tons of smoked fish were made and exported to the Congo, s smoked. During the the balance of 220 tons of wet fish being consumed locally. The average in Kabale and in the price paid for the exported fish was Shs. 1/12 per pound or about Shs. 2/50

59 per kilo compared with Shs. 3/30 per kilo at Katwe, owing to the ngege It produced 20 tons, from Lake Nakivali being smaller and having a higher proportion of bone (Clarias lazera), mm

to tissue. The average weight of ngege in 1956 was 0·89 lbs., a slight docmac) in that ord Increase. lakes wer~ nearly al 285. Lake Kiletwa.-This adjoining small lake produced 54 tons of amount was smoked wet fish all of which was smoked for export, contributing about 14 tons to the Lake Nakivali export figure. This more than doubled the 1955 landing. 296. Lake Kat The average landed weight per net rose from 26 lbs. to 39 lbs., again due fishing effort is in l\> partly to a heavier landing of male but also to an all-round improvement. 160 tons were smo] 286. Lake Mburo.-This continued to produce, though at a much increase of 90 tons lower rate than its neighbouring lakes, yielding 23 tons or only 3 tons to fishing effort on the the square mile. Ten fishermen operate here and dispose of their catches to net however fell fm Sanga and Lyontonde. One reason for the low yield is a poor fishing effort, offset by a slight in just over half that on Lake Kiletwa. varying number of 1

287. Lake Kiqikwa,-This very small lake supported six men using one and the use of small gill net each and p"roduced about 14 tons of ngege and male. detrimental to the fi~ 288. Lake Kalungu.-Ten men were fishing in 1956 and obtained so far disastrously. about 12 tons of fish, nearly all ngege. Only two of these remained to fish 297. Lake Kija in 1957 however. the lake fell sudden] 289. No other Ankole lakes in the Koki-Niabushozi-Isingiro complex quantities of aquatic were fished in'1956 or 1957. character of the watl produced very heavy 290. Lake Karenge.-This lake which contains large numbers of 1947 by this Departr indigenous Clanas lazera (male) and Clanas carsollii (nsonzi) was first on very inadequate

stocked with Tilapia spp. (ngege) in 1953, and again in 1954. There was no doubt that the la~ no sign of them until October 1956 when one or two per 5" gill net began to above fishing con to appear in the catches. These were of the normal size for Ankole lakes, 1954, however, it wa about one pound, but it is not yet established that they have bred. Twenty fishermen were retu men fish with baskets here for nsonzi which are smoke dried in spits of improve steadily, ar twelve and sold for 50 cents a spit, and sometimes travel as far afield as approximately what Masaka. The ten net fishermen operating average eight male per net a 415 3" mesh gill m night and may either sell these fresh or smoked. Processed or otherwise however. In 1956 1 these fetch 60 or 70 cents each. In 1956 the lake produced about 30 tons of number of nets in u fish. catching about' 19 fi 291. Lake Kyamwiga.-This crater lake on the Lake George flats was mostly ngege, whid fished intermittently by one man with 5" nets and produced approximately them fresh in Budd 3-1 tons in 1956, mainly ngege of up to 1'5 lbs. weight. further afield in BUI 292. Lake Kibwera.-This is another crater lake fished by two men indication of how qt and,yielded 5 tons in 1956. will regenerate itselJ 298. Kibale Ri "293.' Lakes Katenda and lWurambi.-These small craters near Victoria in Sango B1 Kichwamba were fished by one man and produced 3 tons of ngege. river in 1956, catchi 294. Lake Niamusigeri.-The Game and Fisheries Department equal proportions. experimental fishing on this lake is described separately, but together with the effons~of two men licensed in December yielded 12 tons in 1956. 295.' Kyambura River.-This was fished sporadically with baskets 299. The sma] during the raihy seasons when the river was high and the fish were running. tons of fish, mainl

60 ve, owing to the ngege It produced 20 tons, mainly ngege, but also kisinja (Barbus altianalis), male her proportion of bone (Clarias lazera), mamba (Protopterus aethiopicus) and semutundu (Bagrus was 0·89 Ibs., a slight docmac) in that order of quantity. These fish and those from the crater lakes were nearly all consumed locally in Bunyaruguru, but a·.very small :e produced 54 tons of amount was smoked for export. Juting about 14 tons to MASAKA DISTRICT ubled the 1955 landing. s. to 39 Ibs., again due 296. Lake Kachira.-This lake is shared with Ankole, but the major Ill-round improvement. fishing effort is in Masaka. Approximately 490 tons were caught of W'hich 160 tons were smoked to produce the 40 tons exported. This was an Ice, though at a much increase of 90 tons on the 1955 landed weight, owing mainly to a bigger tons or only 3 tons to fishing effort on the Masaka side of the lake. The total nightly catch per ipose of their catches to net however fell from 37 Ibs. to 29 1bs., though this was to a small extent is a poor fishing effort, offset by a slight increase in the average weight of ngege. There are a varying number of unauthorised canOes operating from the Masaka shore, orted six men using one and the use of small meshed nets is not uncommon. Both these factors are and male. detrimental to the fishery and would seem to be having their effect, but not in 1956 and obtained so far disastrously. : these remained to fish 297. Lake Kijalllebolola.-In January and February, 1952, the level of the lake fell suddenly by several feet, killing many of the fish and large lshozi-Isingiro complex quantities of aquatic vegetation. The latter on decomposing so altered the character of the water that many more fish died. The lake had formerly produced very heavy crops of small sized Tilapia, which were computed in ins large numbers of 1947 by this Department at 5,100 tons annually. This was perforce based mii (nsonzi) was first on very inadequate: data and was probably an over-estimatfl, but there is n in 1954. There was no doubt that the lake was exceptionally fertile. After the disaster referred o per 5" gill net began to above fishing continued on a minute scale with miserable results. In ! size for Ankole lakes, ey have bred. Twenty 1954, however, it was reported that the fishing had improved and that the noke dried in spits of fishennen were returning to the lake. In 1955 the fishery continued to improve steadily, and in December of· that year the fishing effort was travel as far afield as eight male per net a approximately what it had been in 1951, that is 175 canoes fishing about >rocessed or otherwise 415 3" mesh gill nets per day. No figures were available of the catch, however. In 1956 the number of canoes operating~ rose to 242 and the ~uced about 30 tons of number of nets in use daily to 465, these being of 3f' mesh, and each net catching about 19 fish per setting. Nearly 900 tons of fish were landed, Lake George flats was mostly ngege, which were disposed of to fishmongers who either retailed oduced approximately them fresh in Buddu and Kabula, or smoked them and disposed of them further afield in Buganda. This is a really remarkable recovery and is an ke fished by two men indication of how quickly, given moderately favourable conditions, a fishery will regenerate itself in the fertile waters of Uganda's lakes. small craters near 298. Kibale River.-This flows out of Lake Kijanebolola to join Lake tons of ngege. Victoria in Sango Bay. Four men using 47 baskets between them fished the river in 1956, catching about 26 tons of male and nsonzi in approximately 'isheries Department equal proportions. ~ly, but together with l 12 tons -in 1956. KIGEZI DISTRICT Idieally with baskets 299. The small lakes of Kigezi produced between them just over 60 the fish were running. tons of fish, mainly ngege. There is also a basket fishery for nsonzi

61 (Clarias carsouii) on all the Kigezi lakes and swamps, the extent of which which was stocked in is impossible to assess. Many of these nsonzi are smoked and sold to the The Tilapia zillii sup Kampala area. Bushenyi started to b 300. Lake Kayumba.-Two canoes with 5" nets obtained 4-! tons of of privately. owned p ngege. These were sold fresh at an average price of 50 cents a fish. 308. In Toro 1 301. Lake Bunyonyi.-This lake continued to be unproductive, fishponds at Kasenyi yielding only one fifth of a ton per square mile from its 22 square miles. been successful, and For several months in the year fishing was at a standstill on account of a these started to prod'

shortage of nets, but arrangements were made with a local trader to maintain to a privately owne a stock. At the request of the fishermen these were of nylon, and have Busongora by the G~ proved very popular, since, where catches average only just over one fish Agricultural Departrr per net set, as here, durability becomes a very important factor. A stocking of semutundu (Bagrus) and male (Clarias) was carried out in February Lake Niamusigeri

1957, with fish caught at Rwensama on Lake Edward. A number of Tilapia 309. This conti and leu~osticta, which the lake already contains, were introduced nilotica T. 105 days when staff at the same time. Ihhe are not expected to make a great difference to the fishermen were allow productivity, as Lake Bunyonyi is limited by several adverse natural factors and started work in I such as altitude, restricted shallow water areas and low temperatures, but the which will increase male at any rate should thrive, and increase the present very low yield. the experiment startl Thirty-six licences were Issued. have had the apparer 302. Lake Mutanda.-Like Bunyonyi, the output from this lake is per net in April-May low, but iJ:l 1956 over 14 tons were produced by 11 fishermen using both net in February-Mar 4" and 5" rpesh gill nets. fleet now average on 303. Lake Mulehe.-The production from this lake is higher than of trend will continue. any other in upland Kigezi, and was 37 tons from 20 canoes fishing in an effort will again be il area of only 1,000 acres. The only explanation that occurs for this is the of male in the catch fact that it is uniformly shallow, unlike Mutanda with which it is connected to be due to the pre, by a swamp, and which, although over five times as large, is very much purposes where they deeper. lake are ngege, mal 304. Lake Chahafi.-One canoe using 5/1 gill nets landed Ii tons of caught. The catch ngege. TaRO DISTRICT Departmental Trl. 305. Lake Kabaleka.-Six canoes operated here using three 5" nets 310. The fishe each and in addition two of these occasionally fished long lines. In 1956 the and has been empl lake produced nearly 70 tons of ngege and male either fresh or smoked. conjunction with fis

306. Sport Fisheries.-A further attempt was made to stock the tion in July, 1956, ( Murasegi River, a tributary of the Nyamagasani which is a major enabled the stockin~ Ruwenzori river, with rainbow trout from Kenya. Previous stockings also permitted the] *ith eyed-ova and adult fish had not yet yielded a dividend but on May 27th, 1957, 573 fingerlings in a healthy condition were released into the stream. There is every chance that breeding will take place in this river in the future, resulting in a fishable trout population being established.

.. ~ Dams and Fish Farming 307. Sixteen more dams in Ankole District were stocked with Tilapia of various species in 1956. All of these came from Rushozi Dam in Kashari

62 ps, the extent of which which was stocked in April, 1955, and where they are now well established. mIoked and sold to the The Tilapia zillii supplied to the Ankole Native Government Fish Fann at Rushenyi started to breed in November and have supplied fry to a number ets obtained 41- tons of of privately owned ponds in Ankole and Kigezi. ! of 50 cents a fish. 308. In Toro this Department took over the management: of the to be unproductive, fishponds at Kasenyi belonging to TUFMAC which up till then had not om its 22 squar~ miles. been successful, and after restocking with Tilapia zillii in October, 1956, accou·~t mdstill on of a these started to produce fry in December. So far these have supplied fry local trader to maintain to a privately owned pond in Rutiti, and three of the ponds built in ere of nylon, and have Busongora by the Game and Fisheries Department in conjunction with the only just over one fish Agricultural Department and the Toro Native Government. tant factor. A stocking uried out in February Lalo:e Niamnsigeri Experiment 1. A number of Tilapia mtains, were introduced 309. This continued though there were two breaks in fishing totalling a great difference to the 105 days when staff were not available to supervise the fishing. Two local I adverse natural factors fishennen were allowed to fish in addition to the Departmental fishing effort IW temperatures, but the and started work in December. There are now a total of 25 nets fishing daily present very low yield. which will increase to 30. This is three times the effort obtaining when the experiment started in 1955. The nets now in use are nylon and these lltput from this lake is have had the apparent effect of stepping up the rate of capture from four fish 1 fishennen using both per net in April-May 1956 when the nets in use were mainly flax to eight per net in F ebruary-March 1957. However four flax nets set alongside the main fleet now average only just over three fish a fishing, and it is hoped that this lS lake is higher than of trend will continue indicating the onset of over-fishing. If it does not, the 20 canoes fishing in an effort will again be increased. It has also been observed that the proportion at occurs for this is the of male in the catch rises in the middle of the rainy season. This is thought th which it is connected to be due to the presence of the adult ngege population inshore for breeding as large, is very much purposes where they are not available to be caught. The only species in the lake are ngege, male and nkeje (Haplochromis spp.). The latter are not nets landed 1·~· tons of caught. The catch was at the rate of 18 tons per square mile for a year.

Departmental Transport ~re using three 5" nets 310. The fisheries launch "St. Peter" conti~uea to give good service long lines. In 1956 the and has been employed on echo-sounding surveys on Lake Edward in her fresh Or smoked. conjunction with fishing. Work has been greatly facilitated by the acquisi­ as made to stock the tion in July, 1956, of a long wheel-base Land Rover and trailer which has ni which is a major enabled the stocking of ponds and dams to be carried out successfully, and 'a. Previous stockings also permitted the Fisheries Assistant to extend the range of his safaris. dividend but on May were released into the take place in this river n being established. rc stocked with Tilapia ushozi Dam in Kashari /

:,

TABLE OF RECORDED CATCHES-1956 LAKE EDWARD AND KAZINGA CHANNEL • --- Species I Katunguru Katwe -Kayanja Kazinga Rwensama No. lb. No. lb. No. lb. No. lb. No. lb. Ngege, Tilapia nilotica · . 422,322 629,278 1,853,611 2,863,663 215,510 327,098 220,492 341,753 493,681 766,752 <" Semutundu, Bagrus docmac · . 13,107 77,559 402,718 1,676,288 49,429 167,995 17,902 80,741 117,402 358,385 0' Kasulubana, Mormyrus spp. ·. 122 602 721 2,028 199 583 98 318 701 2,368 -+- Kisinja, Barbus spp. · . · . 4,410 12,417 39,083 190,050 I 25,667 74,633 2,748 7,947 28,631 82,272 Male, Clarias lazera .. .. 3,614 28,278 14,012 104,772 1,429 9,948 2,553 20,162 3,220 19,665 Mamba, Protopterus aethiopicus .. 8,849 105,155 18,123 210,896 2,427 26,464 5,587 120,765 3,677 28,817 Ningu, Labeo forskalli .. · . 3 8 481 1,283 I 112 340 130 356 37 120 TOTAL NETS SET · . · . 8,975 176,435 I 36,571 22,398 I 33,128 (and 49,115 hooks) (plus 24,480 hooks) (plus 6,300 hooks) (plus 25,370 hooks) (and 20,490 baskets) I (and 5,138 baskets) (and 9,031 baskets) (and 2,834 baskets) - I TOTAL DAYS STATISTICS COLLECTED.. 364 359 334 , 346 347 ·. ·. I I

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IN~~ .~ '" ]!" --.--- Itil C" LT'" r-r'" ,,:! 1 lJl. 0_ I I I a 311. Averages:- ."

Katun- Katwe , Kayanja Kazinga IRwensama guru I [ Average number of nets set per day ·. · . 25 491 109 65 '95 Average number of Ngege landed per day .. · . 1,160 5,163 645 637 1,423 Average total weight of Ngege landed per day in lbs. · . 1,728 7,977 979 988 2,210 Average Ngege caught per net 47 10 6 10 15 Average weight in lbs. : Ngege ·. · . 1'5 1·5 1·5 1·5 1 ·5 Semutundu ·. · . 5'9 4·2 3·4 4·5 3·0 Kasulubana · . ·. 4·9 2'8 2·9 3·2 3·4 Kisinja · . · . 2·8 4·9 2·9 2·9 2·9 Male ·. · . 7·8 7·5 7·0 7·9 6·1 Mamba · . · . 11'9 11·6 10·9 21·6 7·8 , , Ningu · , 2·6 2·7 3·0 2·7 3·2 312. Recorded Catches, Lake Nakivali, Ankole, 1956:­

LANDING -- Kahirimbi Rukinga Kashovu Days .. · . 326 342 347 Nets .. · . 5,975 7,028 ·7,534 No. lb. No. lb. No. lb. Ngege · . 312,014 284,098 411,042 368,176 444,109 381,842 Male .. · . 2,050 7,082 1,154 2,524 I 1,813 4,425 TOTALS · . 314,064 291,180 412,196 I 370,700 I 445,922 386,267 313. Quantities and values of smoked fish exported from Lake Nakivali during 1955:­ • . Month Weight in~. Value ----- _I ------Shs. cts. January 5,557 6,779 54 '

TOTALS 146,128 164,203 26 314. Recorded catches, Lake Kiletwa, Ankole, 1956:­ ,\ 1\ Days i Landing statistics Nets Ngege Male TOTAL .1 collected ------, ---._-'-­ No. I lb. I No. lb. I No. I lb. Kiletwa .. I 3481 3,075 I138,742 117,540 1,125 2,728 139,867 120,268

65 315. Recorded catches, Lake Kachira, 1956;- 318. Table ot

Days Total \ 1 Landing statistics Nets Ngege Male TOTAL Days number w

collected I ~gege !' No. lb. No. lb. No. lb. -~~I~:-I-: Rulambira (Ankole) 249 4,020 190,551 150,186 835 2,286 191,386 152,472 Nyanga (Ankole) 82 1,787 79,188 61,761 177 487 79,365 62,248 Detailed month by • Lwabiriba (Masaka) 60 3,398 67,533 52,982 93 209 67,626 53,191 have continued to be

316. Quantities and- values of smoked fish exported from Lake Kachira (Ankole) during 1956:­

Month Weight in lb. I Value

Shs. cts. Februa"ry • 7,815 9,378 00 319. There w: March 18,194 I 21,832 80 and in 1956 the pI April 14,506 17,407 20 May 14,110 16,932 00 £175,000. The fis June 7,209 8,650 80 previous reports, e: August .. , 6.572 7,229 20 September 7,673 8,440 30 synthetic gill nets i November 5,594 5,594 00 fish was smoke-curt December I 9,604 9,604 00 TOTALS .. I 91,277 I 105,068 30 320. The area it was not possible t existed for four yea 317. Recorded catches, Kigezi Lakes, 1956;­ minimum of supervi I statistics, and have 1 Days Landing statistics Nets Ngege TOTAL work such as the stc collected 4" In September, 1956

No. lb. No. I lb. County Show in Tel Kyabayinga (Lake Bunyonyi) 57 2,181 2,397 1,806 2,397 1,806 Kaboko (Lake Mutanda) 18 199 312 241 312 241 Mushongero (Lake Mutanda) 6 69 155 131 155 131 321. A breakc Bwidishwa (Lake Mulehe) .. I 70 1,487 6,330 6,547 6,330 6,547 lake is as follows:· Nets Teso Dist: I 5" --- Nyagt Kaboko (Lake Mutanda) I 39 712 765 1,OM 765 1,OM Mushongero (Lake Mutanda) 21 460 805 965 805 965 Busoga (in Bwidishwa (Lake Mulehe) .. 69 2,715 9,190 12,563 9,190 12,563 Lake Chahafi ...... 44 98 384 520 384 520 Lango (inc Kintambiko (Lake Kayumbo) 47 220 1,226 1,698 1,226 1,698 Mengo ..

Catch per Average weight Average daily Mbale net Ngege of one Ngege landing in lbs. Bunyoro (J Bunyonyi · . · . 1 ·1 0·75 32

Mutanda · . · . 2·2 1·2 108 M~he · . · . 3·4 1'4 275 Chahafi · . · . 3·9 1·3 12 Kayumbo · . · . 5·6 1·4 36

66 318. Table of Recordied Catches-Lake George, 1956:­

Total \' Total Total weight of other kind. in lb.. Total average Average weight ale TOTAL I nN:~:~ N_~e_g~_:_I_M_a_tn_b_a_I M a1 e _1_d_ai_IN_~_aen_gdj_'ng_..i %;:~~ _:=-I __ __se_m_u_tu_n_d_U_1 ___ _ lb. No. lb. 289 I 3,332,175 I 4,4i~;415 1 1,346,280 435,580 289.609 11,530 1'32 2,286 191,386 c152,472 487 79,365 62,248 Detailed month by month records of catches by fishermen and TUFMAC ­ 209 67,626 53,191 have continued to be maintained by this Department.

I exported from Lake LAKE KYOGA REGION

Value Report by Senior Fisheries Officer Shs. cts. 9,378 00 319. There was continued progress in this area during the period, 21,832 80 17,407 20 and in 1956 the production of fish reached a total of 5,000 tons worth, 16,932 00 £175,000. The fishing methods were the same as those described in 8,650 80 7,229 20 previous reports, except that there was an increase in the numbers of 8,440 30 synthetic gill nets in use, and on the marketing side a larger amount of 5,594 00 9,604 00 fish was smoke-cured and moved to market by lorry transport.

D5,068 30 320. The area remained in charge of an acting Fisheries Assistant as' it was not possible to fill the vacancy for a Fisheries Officer which has now existed for four years. It speaks well of the local African staff that with a . minimum of supervision they have continued the essential.work of collecting. statistics, and have been able to carry out a certain amount of development

ge TOTAL work such as the stocking of new species of fish in the lake and in the dams, In September, 1956, they put on a successful fisheries exhibit at the Ngora lb. No. lb. County Show in Teso. 1,806 2,397 1,806 241 312 241 131 155 131 321. A breakdown of production between disfricts bordering on the 6,547 6,330 6,547 lake is as follows:- Teso District (including Lakes Salisbury and Nyaguo) 1,500 1,064 765 1,064 965 805 965 Busoga (including Victoria Nile) 1,200 12,563 9,190 12,563 520 384 520 Lango (including Lake Kwania) 1,200 1,698 1,226 1,698 Mengo 900 Average daily Mbale 100 landing in lbs. Bunyoro (from the Victoria Nile) 100 32 168 275 12 TOTAL 5,000 36

67 322. There was an increase of 500 tons compared with 1955, nearly all this occurring in Mengo District where there was a big expansion of long­ District

line fishing for mamba (Protopterus) and semutundu (Bagrus) which find Bu~oga a ready sale in the Gulu, Soroti and Luwero markets. These figures are rough estimates only but the institution of a sampling system designed by Mr. K. V. Sastry, a Food and Agriculture Organisation Fisheries Statistician, during the course of several visits to the lake in 1957 should lead to a more accurate assessment of catches. Owing to a shortage of funds for travelling and for staff, even with a sampling system, it is not Bukedi possible to obtain a complete coverage of the several hundred landing places Lango on the lake. Karamoja

323. The composition of the catch was much as in 1955, namely 60 % by weight of Prot'opterus, 20 % Tilapia, 8 % Clarias~ 6 % Bagrus, and 6 % other species, including Labeo of which increasing numbers are being- caught in the Bugerere/Kidera area where the Nile joins Lake Kyoga. About 10 % of the fish are caught in basket traps, 327. In the last 20 %in gill nets and 70 %on long lines. been stocked with Til in Teso and Lango. 324. Tilapia zillii are, now being caught in increasing quantities in the line, but the effort va. lakes. These were directly stocked for the first time in July, 1955, at Lale I price of fresh fish fn Port, since when they have been planted at wide intervals along the whole sport by the male, ad shoreline. In the Labori area of Lake Kyoga they are now well known to rod and line in the r n the fishermen who have named them "Tilapia Katerega , after Head Fish few chiefs also prohib Guard Augusti Katerega who has been stationed in the area for over ten Tilapia take several years and who assisted with the first stockings of these fish. They are also assurances to these ch established in Lake Salisbury. It is almost certain that Tilapia nilotica and tion that Tilapia in th 1'. leucosticta which were stocked along with T. zillii have also become eight months to read established but these are much more difficult to distinguish from the local weeks when they do, species of Tilapia--T. esculenta and T. variabilis, and no direct reports of remain undisturbed 2 their presence in catches have been received. An examination of catch doubt these ideas will records however shows that increasing numbers of two and three pound to spread more wide Tilapia are being caught in nets and these are very probably large community. T. nilotica. Reports of 201 fish of this size were received from different 328. Because of Guards stationed at such widely dispersed places as Muntu in Lango, tons of manure per Kidera in Busoga and Odapakole and Mukura in Teso. The prospects for productive. During

increased production of Tilapia in this large weedy, shallow lake area are Dam, Teso, which w~ very good. in the area. The fisl 325. During the period more exotic Tilapia were put in the lake 3S per year could be fol1ows:­ Unfortunately becaw sustained for more tt 1st September, 1956-650 Tilapia zillii, leucost'icta and nilotica fry Ibs. of fish were caug: at Lale Port. set overnight a few r J 9th January, 1957-97 Tilapia zillii fry at Lwampanga (Victoria heavy as ever. The Nile). (i-2 lbs. each), 175 n 329. On a larg( 326. Continued stocking of dams with the three exotic Tilapia species Karamoja, under the was carried out, as per the following table: ­ from this Departmen'

68

__ .. __k_ ...... , ~o. __·_ Impared with 1955, nearly all was a big expansion of long­ No. of fish District Dam or Tank Date stocked released utundu (Bagrus) which find I markets. These figures are Busoga Kidera July, 1956 160 Kanampalala 55 :ampling system designed by Nakibengo .~60 Malima 80 ure Organisation Fisheries Nakabira 100 ; to the lake in 1957 should Nsomba 55 Nawampasa 115 s. Owing to a shortage of Nawainkoki 450 a sampling system, it is not Bukedi Kalapata A~~ust, 'i 956 50 Lango Awiri 80 vetal hundred landing places Odong Jwiyo 40 Amini Oyuko 40 Karamoja Lomathenik Jun~, 1957" 65 Lodiakat 48 was much as in 1955, Nakwakipi 67 ~O % T ilapia, 8% Clarias, Moroto fish Labeo of which increasing pond 70 Gdera area where the Nile are caught in basket traps, 327. In the last six years one hundred dams in the Kyoga area have been stocked with Tilapia zillii, nilotica and leucosticta, the majority being in Teso and Lango. Most are now being fished to some extent by rod and 1 increasing quantities in the line, but the effort varies according to the location and the availability and t time in July, 1955, at Lale j price of fresh fish from the lakes. Angling is not yet looked upon as a de intervals along the whole sport by the male, adult African population, and most of the fishing with they are now well known to rod and line in the rural areas is done by children or by the women. A Kateregd', after Head Fish few chiefs also prohibit fishing on their local dams, in the mistaken idea that led in the area for over ten Tilapia take several years to grow to adult size and breed. Countless of these fish. They are also assurances to these chiefs by letter, circular, word of mouth and demonstra­ :ain that Tilapia nilotica and tion that Tilapia in the hot climes of the Kyoga region never take more than T. zillii have also become eight months to reach maturity, and lay several thousand eggs every few o distinguish from the local weeks when they do, have left them unconvinced. Their fish populations ilis, and no direct reports of remain undisturbed and invariably runt for lack of fishing. However no An examination of catcb doubt these ideas will break down as knowledge of fisheries matters begins rs of two and three pound to spread more widely in the schools, and amongst other sectors of the ~ are very probably large community. 'ere received from different 328. Because of the heavy manuring thc;y ~eceive from cattle (several ,laces as Muntu in Lango, tons of manure per acre per year) nearly all' the dams are extremely .n Teso. The prospects for productive. During 1956 experimental fishing was started on Ajamaka eedy, shallow lake area are Dam, Teso, which was picked more or less at random from the many dams in the area. The fishing was designed to indicate how much fish per acre lia were put in the lake 3S per year could be taken out of the dams on a continuing basis. Unfortunately because of staff difficulties the experiment could not be sustained for more than two months. In this short period however, 1,125 leucosticta and nilotica fry Ibs. of fish were caught from a 4-acre area. A series of test nets which was set overnight a few months later indicated that the fish population was as "y at Lwampanga (Victoria heavy as ever. The catch of 1,125 Ibs. consisted of 854 Ibs. of Tilapia (t-2 Ibs. each), 175 Ibs. of Clarias and 96 Ibs. of Protopterus. 329. On a larger scale, fishing was carried out on Longorokippi dam, ~hree exotic Tilapia species Karamoja, under the direction of the Field Officer, Bokora, with assistance from this Department, to supply fish to Moroto. Fishing in the deep water

69 near the darn wall produced good hauls of Tilapia weighing t lb. each. ClwniaJS (IT Other species included Clarias of which large numbers were present, Protopterl Schilbe and Mormyrus macrocephalus. In thirty-two days in the dry season and (

in January to March, 1957, 2,567 Ibs. of fish were caught, consisting ot Tilapia (n Jot' 7 ~ Ibs. of Tilapia, 130 Ibs. of M ormyrus, 187 Ibs. of Clarias, and 63 Ibs. Barbus (k of Schilbe. The best catches were two of 163 and 160 Pilapia zillii Mormyru made on separate occasions in a 50 yard 3" gill net. Crocodiles were a nuisance throughout the operation and caused much damage to nets; it is Smoked Fish­ reported that some hundreds of small crocodiles are present in the dam. A Pmtopter truculent hippo also caused trouble and had to be shot. 330. Locally produced fresh, smoked and sun-dried fish were put on SE{ sale in Moroto for the first time ever and sold very well indeed, fresh Tilapia bringing 30-60 ets. each according to size. Having proved the Staff existence of fish in catchable quantities, it is intended that a private African 334. The establi fisherman should take over the fishing on this and other dams in the by the promotion of district. Development Officer. 331. SportiJ-i-g [tshing-Suam and Bukwa Rivers.-The Secretary of fill the post vacated b) the Suam and Kaptega Angling Club reported that in 1956 there were tain a Fisheries DeveJ many rainbow trout moving on the Bukwa and the fishing was better than The Kajansi staff n in the previous years, probably due to the successful efforts of the Club Guards, one of whorr scouts and the local g()mbolola chief in putting down poaching. The Districts in the Easter number of PQachers arrested and prosecuted was nine. The Club were glad to welcome His Excellency the Governor at Christmas time; His Excellency General caught several good fish. The annual total rod days was approximately 90, 335. The year I whilst the average number of fish per rod day was five, with a weight fish farming extensic of 6 ozs. each. The largest trout weighed 3 Ibs. great many of the bu 332. The Suam proved the more popular river as usual and there their neighbours and was a considerable number of casual fishermen who combined fishing with the Department staff. family picnicking in the lovely surroundings on this river. The number of able, and the small Sf rod days was 250, with an average of three 7 oz. fish per rod. The largest and advise everyone fish was 1 lb. 4 ozs. The angler who is prepared to devote the whole day have however been g to fishing can average 7 to 8 fish per day compared with 9 to 10 on the course was organise Bukwa. During the year the clearance of the banks was extended from the Assistants, Local G Suam Bridge about three miles up into the forest, most of the clearing being districts in Uganda. on the Kenya side. Fishing along this strip was much more comfortable production and fry r than previous years. The new hut in the forest was well patronised, and Many people visited a start was made on rebuilding the hut near the Suam Bridge. Eleven distances, spending I poachers were arrested by the Fish Scouts on this river during the season. transport. Work at 333. Marketing.-As a measure of activity in the Kyoga area about with extending and i

.6,000 fishmongers' licences (Shs. 2/- each) were issued in 1956, of which nature and starting

.,~ 2,461 were in Teso District. The lakeside prices of fish in Teso, which differed little from those of 1955, were as follows:­ K~jansi Fish Far Fresh Fish- 336. The mai Labeo (ningu)-60 cts. per lb. been the modificatic

.. ~ Bagrus (semutundu)-25 cts. per lb. (d. Lwampanga 60 cts. and sluices to the t per lb.) the previous year. j

70

~ CO S-;)­ .21 0 -S-._~~ Tilapia weighing ~ lb. each. ClamQls (male)-60 cts. per lb. (d. Lwampaga 33 cts. per lb.) large numbers were preseot, Protopterus (mamba)-33-60 cts. per lb., deJ:,t;nding on season lirty-two days in the dry season and distance from main markets. :sh were caught, consisting of Tilapia(nandere or ngege)-33-50 cts. per lb. 187 Ibs. of Clarias, and 63 lbs. ,f 163 and 160 Pilapia zillii Barbus (kisinja)-25-50 cts. per lb.

'I gill net. Cr?codilcs were a Mormyrus (kasulubana)-30 cts. per lb. ~d much damage to nets; it is Smoked Fish- tIes are present in the dam. A Protopterus (mamba)-Shs. 1/50-Shs. 2 per lb. I be shot. nd sun-dried fish were put on SECTION IV.-FISH FARMING sold vety well indeed, fresh Report by Fisheries Offioer to size. Having proved the ntended that a private African Staff this and other dams in the 334. The establishment of the Kajansi Fish Farm was strengthened by the promotion of the Engineering Assistant to the post of Fisheries Development Officer. By the end of the year it had not been possible to ~a Rivers.-The Secretaty of fill the post vacated by the Engineering Assistant. It was possible to main­ rted that in 1956 there were tain a Fisheries Development Officer in Kigezi throughout the whole year. nd the fishing was better than The Kajansi staff remained at one Fisheries Assistant and eight Fish mecessful efforts of the Club Guards, one of whom bas been posted permanently to Bukedi and Bugisu utting down poaching. The Districts in the Eastern Province. vas nine. The Club were gbd ~hristmas time; His Excellency General )d days was approximately 90, day was five, with a weight 335. The year has again been a good one from the point of view of lbs. fish farming extension work. Many more ponds have been built and a great many of the builders have been stimulated to do so by the example of lIar river as usual and there their neighbours and friends, by visits to Kajansi, and demonstrations by :n who combined fishing \,yith the Department staff. The demand for assistance has again been consider­ 'n this river. The number of able , and the small section devoted to fish farming has not been able to visit. oz. fish per rod. The largest and advise evetyone who has asked. A larg,e n.umber of demonstratiOns ared to devote the whole day have however been given at Kajansi, and in l\'1arch, 1957, the first full-scale mpared with 9 to lOon the course was organised which was attended by Community Development banks was extended from the Assistants, Local Government and departmental nominees from several st, most of the clearing being districts in Uganda. Greater facilities have been made at Kajansi for fry was much more comfortable production and fty resources were well up to demand throughout the year. ~st was well patronised, and Many people visited the Fish Farm to collect fry, some of whom came long the Suam Bridge. Eleven distances, spending considerable sums of money on hiring taxis and other this river during the season. transport. Work at the Kajansi Fish Farm has been mainly concerned ty in the Kyoga area about with extending and improving the ponds, replacing buildings of a temporary re issued in 1956, of which nature and starting the first full-scale series of experiments. ices of fish in Tesa, which lows:­ Kajansi Fish Farm 336. The main constructional work completed during the year has been the modification of the six ~-acre ponds and the installation of furrows b. (d. Lwampanga 60 cts. and sluices to the two 2-acre and the one 4-acre ponds constructed during the previous year. All ponds at Kajansi are finished to a ~'ery high standard.

71 Each one has an individual inlet and outlet sluice allowing for complete this observation all fish I control of the water levels at all times. Some modifications in the design of before the culture has be, the sluices were made in the period. All ponds are now in use for experi­ of fry. At the same tir mental work. A start has also been made in increasing the number of ponds there is an optimum pOF by building one i-acre pond and two i-acre ponds. It was found that There was some doubt these sizes of pond were required as the experience gained on the extension herbivore, was' in the ha' work had shown that these are the sizes most favoured by African farmers. the ponds in any densi Due to the extremely heavy rains experienced in the early part of 1957 it was containing various nun not possible to complete these three extra ponds. fished and the number I reach more than a tentat 337. The access road begun at the end of the last year has now been that there does not appe: completed and joined to the main Entebbe/Kampala road. The work the yield of fry is depn carried out on the drainage scheme for Kajansi during the last period has 340. A start was I proved extremely successful and heavy rain caused only slight flooding. No at Kajansi and six !-ac extra staff housing was undertaken but houses for both the Engineering determine what feeding and Fisheries Assistants and permanent quarters for three Fish Guards the law of diminishing

which were started in the previous year have been finished. A lecture room added to a fish pond al constru~tel has been and this has been in use throughout the year and so that individual fish I has made teaching much easier. The Fish Farm has again undertaken put into fish feeding. various minor miscellaneous works for the rest of the Department during the determine whether or r year. fishing, and prevented being compared with Fish Stocks sampled regularly to IIi marked increase in the 1 338. ,The fry shortage which took place at the end of last year has now been brought under control and some 50,000 fry have been distributed 341. Attempts WI from Kajansi. This is considerably less than last year and is due to the in fish pond populatior public becoming aware that it is not always necessary to stock ponds \Nith perch, but, once again vast numbers of Tilapia for them to be successful. It is now understood lorry carrying the fish amongst fish farmers that a small initial stocking of some 30 fry is ample died whilst standing to ensure production in their ponds. The greatly reduced number of fry oxygenated water for given away from the Fish Farm has allowed a start to be made on the gramme is continuing l experimental programme and some 15,000 fry have so far been used for this be made to introduce tI purpose. In addition to the supply of fry issued free at Kajansi, several 342. TemperatUI fish farmers who stocked their ponds earlier have entered the fry market at Kajansi by a contil and fry are now available for sale in many parts of Mengo at a price of of thermometers. It Shs. 1 to Shs. 1/50 each. At a conservative estimate this allows a fish temperatures found il farmer to obtain an income of some hundreds of shillings from his pond that they can be com: often within four months of stocking the original fish. It should be such as Kigezi. Thel mentioned however that not all pond owners sell fry; there are many sites in Kigezi (specifil progressive fish farmers who give away fry to all comers. wind is largely exclw that they interfere wit 339. Investigation made into fry production at Kajansi during the

year showed that one reason for the poor returns of young fish from fry fish used. ponds was due to sexual imbalance. It had been assumed, when stocking 343. To investi~ fish iI1)ry ponds, that the sexes would, by chance, be equally represented. Kasizi flax factory hal This, however, was found to be not necessarily true. One pond contained Kigezi. An observer 95 % males and another pond consisted of 80% females. From the date of on the growths and '

72 ice allowing for complete this observation all fish placed in fry ponds for spawning have bf.~n sexed difications in the design of before the culture has been set up. This has resulted in a much higher yield Ire now in use for experi­ of fry. At the same time a trial has been started to investigate whether Ising the number of ponds there is an optimum population density of adults for the production of fry. :>nds. It was found that There was some doubt whether or not Tilapia zillii which is primarily a ;e gained on the extension herbivore, was in the habit of eating its own fry when they were present' in oured by African farmers. the ponds in any density. To this end cultures have been maintained le early part of 1957 it was containing various numbers of parent fish. These ponds are regularly fished and the number of fry produced counted. So far it is too early to reach more than a tentative conclusion but the results to date have indicated le last year has now been that there does not appear to be an optimum density below and above which lffipala road. The work the yield of fry is depressed. These observations are being continued. luring the last period has I only slight flooding. No 340. A start was made in the latter part of the year on feeding trials 'or both the Engineering at Kajansi and six l-acre ponds are being fed varying amounts of food to ;; for three Fish Guards determine what feeding rate gives the best possible yield. It is obvious that finished. A lecture room the law of diminishing returns will eventually work on the amount of food throughout the year and added to a fish pond and it is necessary to find the upper limit of feeding m has again undertaken so that individual fish farmers may be advised how much of their effort to ~e Department during the put into fish feeding. A series of observations has also been started to determine whether or not fish populations can be kept in balance by heavy fishing, and prevented from runting. A heavily fished pond at Kajansi is being compared with African owned fish ponds and the pond is being sampled regularly to note any deterioration in the size of the fish and any marked increase in the total numbers. the end of last year has ~ry have been distributed 341. Attempts were again made to discovttr the role of ptedatory fish : year and is due to the in fish pond population dynamics. As in 1955 the fish chosen was the Nile lary to stock ponds viith perch, but, once again, we were most unfortunate. On two occasions the . It is now understood lorry carrying the fish from Butiaba to Kajansi broke down and all the fish )f some 30 fry is ample died whilst standing overnight. The Nile perch" nc;eds extremely well reduced number of fry oxygenated water for its well-being. This part of the experimental pro­ tart to be made on the gramme is continuing and a third, and it is hoped lucky, attempt will shortly so far been used for this be made to introduce the Nile perch to Kajansi. free at Kajansi, several entered the fry market 342. Temperature records have been maiD:tained throughout the year at Kajansi by a continuous water recording thermometer and other types of Mengo at a price of of thermometers. It is desired to build up a picture of the water mate this allows a fish shillings from his pond temperatures found in fish ponds throughout the year in a hot area so al fish. It should be that they can be compared with average temperatures in the colder areas 1 fry; there are many such as Kigezi. There is an indication that in certain types of fish pond Imers. sites in Kigezi (specifically, steep heavily shaded valleys where both sun and wind is largely excluded) the temperature and light intensity are so low at Kajansi during the that they interfere with the breeding of Tilapia zillii which is the principal )f young fish from fry fish used. ssumed, when stocking 343. To investigate this problem more fully a set of fish ponds at the be equally represented. Kasizi flax factory has been prepared by the Fisheries Development Officer, . One pond contained Kigezi. An observer has been posted from Kajansi who is collecting data des. From the date of on the growths and temperatures of the ponds so that a formula can be

73 deduced to govern the siting of fish ponds in the district. It should be hoped that we may be mentioned however that the problem of breeding in Kigezi ponds does not dams in Ankole, whert seem to affect the growth of the fish which are able, at the low temperatures, be able to effect some: to make steady growth of between one and half and two centimetres per go some way to reduc month. This means that in twelve months a fish has grown to just under that area. a pound and is, at that size, a welcome addition to a family's diet. Some 348. In conjunct ponds which have already been built in these places where breeding is Department an extens depressed could easily be restocked every year, in the same way that sreds the factors which lea, of normal food crops are planted. A crop is then taken in the same way have on the whole Sl that food crops are reaped. We have shown that it is possible to breed mortality, but have sl Tilapia in large numbers in very many places in Kigezi. are In some cases erra

344. Observations on edible canna and the Russian comfrey have have been shown to 1 been continued at Kaja~si and the yields have once again been over 70 tons The presence of a miJ of canna per acre and some 50 tons of comfrey per acre. Many fish farmers and it has been ShOWI are now planting these two crops close to their fish ponds. Chemical One point which has analyses on both these plants have been carried out for us by the nutritional these experiments is tl chemist of the wererinary Department and have shown that they are an after all the oxygen h: adequate protein source and, as such, are valuable plants for feeding fish carried, as long as the ponds. they can gulp and abs

345. A small flock of poultry and two small flocks of muscovy ducks violent shaking of the and domestic geese ha~e been maintained at Kajansi during the year. A is of great value to th, great deal of interest has been expressed in the poultry by visitors and it is water is increased. A proposed that greater attention be paid to their management in future. shaking the fish cans In this ,connection new housing and paddocking has been provided. of transport in a lorry shocks per minute. ] 346. An attempt has also been made to establish the European average frequency of Mallard at Kajansi. Eggs of this species were flown out from England in Further series of tri May, 1956. Some 50 % of these were hatched in an ordinary incubator and anaesthetics on fish. were reared with no further loss. The flock very rapidly acclimatized itself are mildly anaesthetist to local conditions and within two months was in breeding plumage and "f distances than are me had started to pair and mate. At this point a great deal of difficulty was encountered due to the ducks resting in the more inaccessible parts of the forest, and they had to be penned. However, one setting of eggs was lost through snakes and one through the eggs having been abandoned, but a Instruction third setting was successful and ten eggs were hatched. Of these six died 349. The Kajan within a few days. The reason is obscure but it would appear that the demonstrating to visi' young ducklings are very sensitive to damp and cold and that the mother and in pond manage was unable to brood them properly. The other four were reared success­ fish farm throughout fully to adulthood and are still in good health. These and four adults look, some came for I remaining from the original hatch now constitute the Kajansi flock. They people went away wi' have all been pinioned and it is hoped that by penning them when they handle and feed the £ come into breeding condition next year we shall be able to build up a flock. In addition through The remaining loss of the adults was due to the fact that once they went posted to various s into moult they deserted the site by flying away; the remainder which had proved extremely val been pinioned left on foot and have not been seen since. wished to build por 147. The Mallard ducks have shown themselves to be voracious snail marked out in sites ~ hunters and eaters. If it is possible to build up a stock at Kajansi it is this type of extensior

74 1 the district. It should be hoped that we may be able to release them on some of the heavily infested :ng in Kigezi ponds does not dams in Ankole, where, if they manage to establish themselves, they might lble, at the low temperatures, be able to effect some reduction in the snail population and consequently lalf and two centimetres per go some way to reducing the very high incidence of liver fluke' in stock in fish has grown to just under that area. In to a family's diet. Some ;e places whef(~,.breeding is 348. In conjunction with the Pollution Control Officer of the Labour , in the same way that seeds Department an extensive series of tests has been carried out to detq:mine then taken in the same way the factors which lead to mortality when transporting fry. These tests that it is possible to breed have on the whole supported the previous criteria considered to control 1 Kigezi. mortality, but have shown that some of the criteria laid down previously are in some cases erroneous or misleading. Important factors in transport the Russian comfrey have have been shown to be the purity of the water, and the size of the fish. mce again been over 70 tons The presence of a mixture of large and small fish leads to heavy mortality, per acre. Many fish fanners and it has been shown that there is an optimum length for safe transport. heir fish ponds. Chemical One point which has emerged most clearly, and rather unexpectedly, from out for Us by the nutritional these experiments is that Tilapias are able to remain alive for a long period Ive shown that they are an after all the oxygen has been used up in the water in which they are being lable plants for feeding fish carried, as long as there is an adequate air space above them from which they can gulp and absorb atmospheric oxygen. It has been shown that the all flocks of muscovy ducks violent shaking of the water which takes place in transporting fish in cans ~ajansi during the year. A is of great value to the fish as the amount of oxygen in the top layer of the poultry by visitors and it is water is increased. A special machine has been designed which is capable of leir management in future. shaking the fish cans to reproduce as far as possible, the actual conditions ing has been provided. of transport in a lorry. The machine was built so that the fish received 24 to establish the European shocks per minute. It has been found, by previous tests, that this is the flown out from England in average frequency of shock when travelling in a lorry over a rough road. Further series of trials were carried out to test the effect of various 1 an ordinary incubator and y rapidly acclimatized itself anaesthetics on fish. Preliminary results of fhese indicate that fish which are mildly anaesthetised are capable of being transported over much greater l in breeding plumage and great deal of difficulty was distances than are more livelier fish. These trials are being continued. re inaccessible parts of the ,ne setting of eggs was lost ng been abandoned, but a Instruction latched. Of these six died 349. The Kajansi staff spent a great deal of their time instructing and it would appear that the demonstrating to visitors the various techniqt,Jes involved in pond building cold and that the mother and in pond management. Some 200 people per month have visited the four were reared success- fish farm throughout the period under review. Some of these just came to These and four adults look, some came for fry and some came to ask specific questions. All these ~ the Kajansi flock. They people went away with a good idea of how to build a fish pond and how to penning them when they handle and feed the fish and how, when the fish are ready, to catch the crop. >c able to build up a flock. In addition throughout several months of the year Fish Guards were fact that once they went posted to various sazas in Mengo to carry out extension work; this the remainder which had nnce. proved extremely valuable as direct contact was made with the people who wished to build ponds on their own land. A great many ponds were ~,Ives to be voracious snail marked out in sites selected by teams of this sort. The limiting factor in ) a stock at Kajansi it is this type of extension work is transport, particularly as the Department has

75 not sufficient transport to fulfil all its requirements and bus services in most areas are but poorly developed. The bicycles of our demonstration teams were motorized and the Fish Guards have found them a great help in Kigezi getting around the districts they are visiting. The machines have proved Mengo themselves to be a cheap and practical method of increasing the range of Masaka Mubendt field instructors. Bugisu Bukedi 350. In March, 1957, a course lasting one month was conducted at Ankole Toro Kajansi on all aspects of fish farming. This was attended by some twenty Bunyoro people who came from all over Uganda and proved most successful. It Acholi West Nil, is hoped that we will be able to increase eventually the number of these Busoga courses. Several courses on net making were run at Kajansi. The people Teso Karamoja were either privately sent or were nominated by gombolola councils. They Lango were shown how to make cast nets, which seem to have gained a great deal of popularity as a method of cropping fish ponds since they were introduced by this Department some two years ago. Rural Water Supp 351. A great many of the ponds that have been built, particularly in Mengo, are now 'yie1ding their first crop of fish and the Department has 353. Great atte had a host of enquiries about fishing methods. Many fish farmers, having rural water supplies gone to the trouble of building and stocking a pond, expect the Department schemes for farm pial to produce a fishing method whereby the fish leave the ponds and arrive in farm plan that each u the frying pans without human aid. Regretfully they have had to be themselves to be aver dispossessed .of these ideas, and greater efforts are now being made to during the years tha: demonstrate various fishing techniques to fish farmers. This programme has ga thered a large amo been limited by the fact that the type of fishing gear normally imported into the cost of constructi, Uganda is' unsuitable to the small scale operations of fishing a pond. To off, and we hope tha overcome this the Fisheries Officer has designed several types of gear and with the normal sluic the importers are now obtaining prototypes so that they can be fully tested have constructed slui and then be made available to fish pond owners. The difficulty here has great interest being sl been that these prototype nets having been specially made in small will shortly require 01 quantities tend to be rather expensive. It is to be hoped that as fish farmers types of sluices. Ti show their readiness to buy this gear, longer production runs can be method of take-off of achieved by the manufacturers and the price will consequently drop. The of fish ponds in mar use of cast nets and home-made basket traps in particular is being scale that previously encouraged. and irrigated with d the top of a valley' normally have a cha Extension Work excess water. This removal of water alo 352. Once again the year has been notable for the very rapid increase wet bottom to be dr in the numbers of ponds built. This applies particularly to Kigezi and the channel. Mengo Districts where the bulk of the propaganda and demonstration has been concentrated. The rate of increase has been quite spectacular. It FISH was reported last year that there were some 425 ponds in the Protectorate; Rep, it can now be reported that there are some 1,500. This is more than a threefold increase. The table below shows the numerical distribution of 354. Fisheries fish ponoo in the Protectorate by districts: ­ Development Office

76 equirements and bus services in most Number of fish ponds bicycles of our demonstration teams -~-~---~ ~~ve i. found them a great help in District 11955/195611956/1957 'lSltlng. The machines have proved Kigezi 170 ." 310 I method of increasing the range of Mengo 114 741 Masaka 8 29 Mubende 80 400 Bugisu 10 29 lSting one month was conducted at Bukedi 4 39 Ankole 2 2 This was attenB.ed by some twenty Toro 6 6 1a and proved most successful. It Bunyoro 20 20 Acholi 5 9 ase eventually the number of these West Nile 3 3 ~ were run at Kajansi. The people Busoga o 2 Teso o 1 lated by gombolola councils. They Karamoja 1 1 ch seem to have gained a great deal Lango 2 2

,h ponds since they were introduced TOTAL 425 1,594 hat have been built, particularly in Rural Water Supplies 'p of fish and the Department has ~~ods, 353. Great attention has been paid recently to the improvement of Many fish farmers, having rural water supplies by several departments, and this is particularly so as :mg a pond, expect the Department schemes for farm planning gather momentum. It is an integral part of any ~ fish leave the ponds and arrive in farm plan that each unit has its own water supply: Fish ponds have shown Regretfully they have had to be themselves to be a very adaptable type of water storage and the Department, l' efforts are now being made to ?s~ during the years that it has been advising on the making of ponds, has farmers. This programme has gathered a large amount of experience on this typ~ of water storage and Ishmg gear normally imported into the cost of construction. Thought is now being given to methods of take­ operations of fishing a pond. To off, and we hope that we can incorporate a cheap and fool-proof method lesigned several types of gear and with the normal sluices used in fish pond work. To date, few pond owners 'es so that they can be fully tested have constructed sluices of the type which we use at Kajansi, but with the owners. The difficulty here has great interest being shown in method~ of cropping ponds man.r fish fa~ers , been specially made in small will shortly require our advice on the construction and the costmg of vanous is to be hoped that as fish farmers types of sluices. This would be a good opportunity of incorporatin~ a longer production runs can be method of take-off of water into feeding t.r0u~hs or wells. The constructiOn 'ice wil! consequently drop. The of fish ponds in many valley bottoms in Mengo District is now on sllch a et traps in particular is being scale that previously unutilized marginal land can be drained, culti~at~d and irrigated with the help of the fish ponds. For instance a pond ?ll1lt ~n the top of a valley which is partly waterlogged by a seepage or spnng wIll normally have a channel dug along the side of the pond wall to remove the excess water. This can be extended to form a contour channel. The 'table for the very rapid increase removal of water along a contour channel on the slope allows the previously llies particularly to Kigezi and wet bottom to be drained, cultivated and in turn, if required, irrigated from paganda and demonstration has the channel. has been quite spectacular. It 425 ponds in the Protectorate' FISH F'ARMING EXTENSION SCHEME, KIGEZI e 1,500, This is more than ~ Report by the Fisheries Development Officer i the nUnlerical distribution of 354. Fisheries work in Kigezi has been carried out by the Fisheries Development Officer and one permanent Fish Guard, The great interest of

77 the Kigezi African Local Government in fish farming was shown by the then cleared of fact that during the year they recruited two trainee Fisheries Assistants to A borrow pit is help with the work. Good co-operation has also been provided by the from which is u District Administration and the Agricultural Department. one end of the ' small channel is 355. Up to 26th April, 1957,310 ponds had been completed, of which and th.e channel 270 have been stocked with fish. The exact acreage under water is difficult used the spiIIw: to assess, but it is thought to be approximately 50 acres; one pond near the water furrow, ar Kisoro Road is 2! acres and is the largest so far constructed. Ndorwa 8aza fish from escapil has the largest number of ponds. In October, 1956, prizes were presented to better for Tilapi the owners of the best individually-made ponds, the first prize of 8hs. 100 going to a farmer of Kyanamire Gombolola and the second prize to a man 359. During tl of Bubale Gombolola. In Ankole, for which district the Fisheries Officer dams in the area. became responsible in February, 1957, six ponds have been completed. owing to a shortage Interest is not so keen here as many people still do not eat fish. This difficulty shaul have now been est 356. Much advice has been given with regard to the construction of retting tanks were c fish ponds which it is recommended should be kept as simple as possible. excluding travelling People have been advised to avoid such items as sluice gates, etc., initially this Department am , 'r· as construction in" brK:k or concrete is difficult in the "peaty" sites of Kigezi, stocking with mixe4 besides which most ponds can be filled by natural seepage. No definite size Tilapia leucosticta or shape is insisted upon, though 60' x 60' has been regarded as the doing so. The Kisi minimum desirable dimension. Water tests have been carried out regularly to study the causes in all areas, as no pondE have been recommended if the water has been .\ shade and low tern lower than pJI6. been mentioned elS! 357. It has been shown that a pond can be built by an average family fish farming. in approximately two months, but it is also common for a number of 360. The rate families to join together and build a communal pond, when building times by a shortage of fm are reduced considerably. have been recogniz 358. The following short notes give the construction methods recom­ Land Rover, trailel mended by the Field Officer and will probably be of interest to the the meantime the di i, public :­ t ! "After the water has been tested, the owner prepares to build his r pond by first cutting down the grass and reeds on the site required. ; If in a swampy section, the man starts off by digging down with a ENTEBBE, shovel or hoe, and the pieces which are cut out are placed on the side FEBRUARY, 19 ~ to form a wall. This is the easiest way to get rid of excavated earth or peat, and at the same time make a firm wall around the pond on which Ii,.' the owner can walk without sinking into the swamp. Generally, after a few feet have been dug, the owner finds himself up to his knees in i' water. If he is working in peat, he can cut out large pieces and float I these to the side for stacking on the wall, but if he is working on a solid ! substance such as clay, he generally uses a small sledge for this purpose or an old canoe-shaped beer vat. If the pond is being built in a gradually-sloping valley with a small stream running down the centre, a furrow is first dug to by-pass the selected site, so that other people further down the valley will not be"deprived of their water supply. A site for a wall across the valley is \ 78 l I i ning was shown by the then cleared. of all roots, grass and stones and excavated f.~r a core. e Fisheries Assistants to A borrow pit is afterwards dug in the impoundment area, the material ) been provided by the from which is used to fill the core of the dam. A spillway is built at partment. .;, one end of the wall, big enough to take any excess flow of water. A teen completed, of which small channel is then cut, tapping the by-pass furrow, the pond is filled, e under water is difficult and the channel is closed again near the top. Some pond-owners have acres; one pond near the used the spillway as the water outlet, instead of building a by-pass Istructed. Ndorwa Saza water furrow, and have fixed wire netting across the opening to prevent prizes were presented to fish from escaping, but this method is not recommended. Still water is le first prize of Shs. 100 better for Tilapia culture than running water." le second prize to a man 359. During the year 4,500 fish were distributed to ponds, lakes and :iet the Fisheries Officer dams in the area. Stocking was held up during July and August, 1956, I have been completed. owing to a shortage of fry, both in Kigezi and at the Kajansi Fish Farm. not eat fish. This difficulty should shortly be resolved as a small set of breeding ponds .r d to the construction of have now been established at the old flax factory at Kisizi where the 3t as simple as possible. retting tanks were converted for this purpose. The total cost of the work luice gates, etc., initially excluding travelling expenses was £200, funds being made available from ~ "peaty" sites of Kigezi, this Department and that of Community Development. Five months after ~epage. No definite size stocking with mixed Tilapia species it was found that Tilapia zillii and ; been regarded as the Tilapia leucosticta had bred, whilst Tilapia nilotica showed no signs of ~en carried out regularly doing so. The Kisizi ponds are also being used for experimental purposes I if the water has been to study the causes of delayed breeding in Tilapia in conditions of heavy shade and low temperatures, and growth rates. These experiments have been mentioned elsewhere in this report under the main s.ection concerning Jilt by an average family fish farming. lmon for a number of 1d, when building times 360. The rate at which fry could be st~cked has been largely limited by a shortage of funds for mileage and suitable transport. These difficulties have been recognized and approval has been given for the purchase of a ruction methods recom­ Land Rover, trailer and fry tank when the finaIlfial. situation permits. In be of interest to the the meantime the difficulties continue. . er prepares to build his Is on the site required. B. G. KINLOCH, f digging down with a ENTEBBE, Game Warden. t are placed on the side id of excavated earth or FEBRUARY, 1958. und the pond on which vamp. Generally, after [self up to his knees in t large pieces and float h.e is working on a solid sledge for this purpose

'-sloping valley with a , is first dug to by-pass )wn the valley will not wall across the valley is

79 ..

ApPENDIX I

STAFF LIST Fisheries Officers (5) HEADQUARTERS STAFF

Game Warden Major B. G. Kinloch, M.C. (on leave 27-8-56 to 10-12-56). Senior Fisheries Officer D. H. Rhodes, M.A. (on leave 12-4-57 to 27-6-57) ; (Acting Game Warden 27-8-56 to 10-12-56). Assistant Warden T. R. H. Owen, C.B.E. (on leave pending

retirement 19-3-57 to 10-6-57). Fisheries Development ( Game Ranger (Headquarters) Capt. R. F. Newton, 25-2-57 to 30~6-57.

Armourer R. F. Miller (on leave 27-11-56 to 15-2-57). Fishe1'ies Assistants (5) Stenographer/Secretary Mrs. E. Alden, 1-7-56 to 31-7-56 (temporary terms). . .. Miss M. H. Nisbet, 8-8-56 to 9-5-57 (on leave 10-5-57 to 30-6-57). Engineering Assistant l Miss A. M. Balmer, 1-10-56 to 30-6-57. Junior Office Superintendent F. C. T. D'Mello, 1-7-56 to 15-1-57 (acting) ; (on leave 16-1-57 to 16-6-57).

Office Assistant F. C. T. D'MeIlo, 1-3-57 to 30-6-57. 4 clerks Clerks J. Lobo (on contract). 118 Game Guards V. L. S. Kayanja. 60 Fish Guards J. Kyeyune. 5 drivers t Mrs. A. C. MeIhuish (temporary). 2 office messengers t I Mrs. L. Fernandes, 1-9-56 to 30- 6-57 I (temporary). l ,i I FIELD STAFF-GAME I I t Game Rangers (6) W. O. Pridham (on leave 7-8-56 to 13-10-56). A. M. H. Henley (on leave 29-4-57 to 30-6-57 pending resignation of appointment). 't Capt. K. B. Robson (on leave 23-6-57 to 30-6-57).

f Capt. R. F. Newton (on leave 1-7-56 to '~

4-8-56). f J. B. Heppes (on leave 22-7-56 to 23~11-56). J. H. Blower, B.Sc. (on leave 1-7-56 to 25-9-56). J. R. F. Mills (new appointment 2-4-57 to 30-6-57). Game Assistants (6) B. M. Kakiiza (Acting Game Ranger 7-8-56 to 13-10-56). D. Otim (Acting Game Ranger 23-6-57 to 30-6-57). A. F. Baicyo (new appointment 13-6-56; dismissed on 10-3-57). A. M. Oketta (new appointment 1-10-56 to 30-6-57).

.. ~ Y. Rwakasamba (new appointment 1-2-57 to 30-6-57). Two vacancies. Biologist A. C. Brooks, M.A. 80 • II

\ ApPENDIX I ApPENDIX I-continued

FIELD STAFF-FISHERIES Fisheries Officers (5) A. M. Anderson, B.Sc. ism leave 1-7-56 to F ~8-56) ; (Acting Semo~ Fisheries Officer 12-~57 to 27-6-57). (inloch, M.C. (on leave 27-8-56 J. M. Warren, B.Sc. (on leave 15-9-56 to ,). 20-11-56). ~s. M.A. (on leave 12-~57 to C. J. H. Simpson, B.Sc. (Acting Game Warden 27-8-56 J. Stoneman, B.Sc. (on leave 4--4-57 to i). ." 29-6-57). One vacancy. 'len, C.B.E. (on leave pending t 19-3-57 to 10-6-57). . Fisheries Development O./jicers (2) A. P. J. Holness. Newton, 25-2-57 to 30-6-57. 1. K. O. Obita (new appointment 1-12-56 to 30-6-57). :on leave 27-11-56 to 15-2-57). Fisheries Assistants (5) F. B. Kamya (Acting Fisheries Officer 15-9-56 , 1-7-56 to 31-7-56 (temporary to 20-11-56 and ~~57 to 29-6-57). B. Ndugwa. Nisbet, 8-8-56 to 9-5-57 (on Three vacancies. ;7 to 30-6-57). Ilmer, 1-10-56 to 30--6-57. EnRineering Assistant I. K. Obita from 1-7-56 to 30-11-56. ,Uo, 1-7-56 to 15-1-57 (acting) ; -1-57 to 16-6-57). AFRICAN SUBORDINATE STAFF ello, 1-3-57 to 30-6-57. 4 clerks 2 lorry boys ntract). 118 Game Guards 2 coxswains ~ja. 60 Fish Guards 5 deckhands 5 drivers 1 nightwatchman ~Ihuish (temporary). 2 office messengers 2 shamba boys nandes, 1-9-56 to 30-6-57 1 paddock boy

I (on leave 7-8-56 to 13-10-56). ~y (on leave 29-~57 to 30-6-57 :nation of appointment). ~obson (on leave 23--6-57 to

~ewton (on leave 1-7-56 to

n leave 22-7-56 to 23-11-56). B.Sc. (on leave 1-7-56_ to

(new appointment 2-4-57 to

Acting Game Ranger 7-8-56

g Game Ranger 23-6-57 to

new appointment 13-6-56' 1l-3-57). ' ew appointment 1-10-56 to

:new appointment 1-2-57 to

\.

81 ApPENDIX II

'< STATIONS AND AREAS OF RESPONSIBILITIES FIELD STAFF A. GAME RANGERS AND GAME ASSISTANTS

Title Name Range or Region Station Areas of Responsibilities

Game Ranger ., W. O. Pridham Western Range Fort Portal Game Assistant B. M. Kakiiza } I Taro and Mubende. Game Ranger .. A. M. H. Henley (from 1-7-56 to 23-+-57) l Game Ranger ., Capt. ]. R. F. Mills (from 2-+-57 to 30-6-57) r Southern Range Mbarara Ankolc, Kigezi and Masaka. 00 Game Assistant Y. Rwakasamba (from 1-2-57 to 30-6-57) N J Game Ranger .. Capt. R. F. Newton (from 1-7-56 to 2+-2-57)\

Game Ranger .. ]. B. Heppes (from 25-2-57 to 30-6-57) ~ Lake Albert Range Masindi Bunyoro and Mengo (North and Game Assistant A. M. Oketta (from 15-3-57 to 30-6-57) J West). Game Ranger .. ]. B. Heppes (from 1-7-56 to 2+-2-57) 1 Game Ranger .. Capt. K. B. Robson (from 1-6-57 to 23-6-57) West Nile Range Ama (Moved West Nile (including Madi) Game Assistant A. M. Oketta (from 1-10-56 to 14-3-57) from Moyo in ]. Olwedo (Acting Game Assistant from I December 15-3-57 to 30-6-57) J 1956) Game Ranger .. Capt. K. B. Robson (from 1-7-56 to 30-5-57) L Northern Range Kitgum I Acholi and Lango Game Assistant D.Otim .. J I Game Ranger .. ]. H. Blower, B.Sc. Karamoja Range Moroto Karamoja, Bukedi, Bugisu and " I Teso. I

------,------

ApPENDIX I1--eontinued

B. FISHERIES OFFICERS AND FISHERIES ASSISTANTS

Station Areas of Responsibilities Title Name Range or Region

a~sist- Entebbe Posted to~H~ad

ApPENDIX II-continued B. FISHERIES OFFICERS AND FISHERIES ASSISTANTS

Title Name I Range or Region Station Areas of Responsibilities Fisheries Officer . . A. M. Anderson, B.Sc...... - Entebbe Posted to Headquarters as assist­ ant to Senior Fisheries Officer. Lakes Nabugabo and Wamala and minor waters of Mengo District. Fisheries Officer . . J. Stoneman, B.Sc...... Lake Albert Region Masindi Lake Albert; the Albert Nile, the Victoria Nile downstream from its junction with the Kafu River; the minor lakes, 00 dams and waterways of Acholi, w West Nile, Bunyoro and Mubende. Fisheries Assistant . . G. W. Odutu (Acting Fisheries ,Assistant from 1-7-56 to 30-6-57) ...... Lake Kyoga Region Soroti Lake Kyoga; the Victoria Nile . . • from the Owen Falls Dam to its junction with the Kafu " River; the rivers of Mt. Elgon ; the minor lakes, dams and waterways of Lango, Teso, Mbale, Busoga and Karamoja. Fisheries Officer . . J. M. Warren, B.Sc. . . . . -. . Lakes Edward/ Kichwamba Lake Edward; Lake George; Fisheries Assistant . . F. B. Kamya George Region the rivers of the .Ruwenzori ; the lakes, dams and waterways of Masaka (except Lake Nabu­ gabo), Ankole, Kigezi and Toro. :,

ApPENDIX II-continued

Title Name Range or Region Station Areas of Responsibilities

Fisheries Officer C. }. H. Simpson, B.Sc. Fisheries Officer i/c Kajansi Development of the experimental 00 Fisheries Development Fish Farming and demonstration Fish Farm ...... Officer I. K. O. abita (from 1-12-56 to 30-6-57) at Kajansi, and the develop­ Fisheries Assistant B. Ndugwa ment of Fish Farming in the Protectorate.

Fisheries Development Officer A. P. }. Holness Ankole/Kigezi Kabale Development of fish farming in Kigezi and Ankole Districts.

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~ '-< n (t 0 I1l ~ I1l ::l 0 ::r:: ::t: §" go ~~ ::l ::l z 0 ApPENDIX III

HONORARY GAME RANGERS

Captain L. T. Gunn Mr. H. R. Clifford Mr. M. Stead Mr. F. Poppleton Mr. N. J. Goes Mr. K. H. F. Scott Mr. P. J. C. Cullen Mr. C. E. F. Williams Mr. J. Hinchliffe Mr. N. H. Searle Mr. B. Cooper Mr. F. Wilson Mr. E. A. Fangoudis Mr. M. Amin Mughal Mr. J. P. C. Greenway Major R. W. S. Bell, M.C. Dr. G. S. Nelson Mr. R. M. Bere H.H. the Kabaka Mr. V. H. J. Neal Mr. G. W. M. Holmes Mr. P. A. Nelson Mr. S. H. Deathe Col. C. D. Trimmer, D.S.O. Lt.-Col. E. A. Richards Mr. J. M. Savidge Mr. Fazal Haq Mr. M. W. Baumgartel Dr. A. J. Haddow Mr. M. S. Philip Mr. M. Charters

HONORARY TROUT WARDENS. Mr. W. H. Hoey Mr. F .. O. Martin

HONORARY FISHERIES OFFICERS Mr. N. Searle Mr. G. D. Wheatley

GPUP-761-800-6-58. 85