The Spatial and Demographic History of Belgian-

WA ND MT MN MI ME OR ID SD WI VT WY MI NY NH NE IA MA OH PA NJ NV UT IL IN CO KS MO WV MD KY VA CA OK TN NC AR AZ NM SC MS AL GA TX LA FL Belgian-Born Persons by State, 1880

0 - 99 100 - 499 500 - 999 1,000 - 1,499

5,267 BelgxSt_1880.mxd

Marie V. Bousfield [email protected] Population Association of America New Orleans, April 17, 2008 FOREIGN BORN IN THE U.S. AND POPULATION OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES, 1930

Estonia Luxembourg Latvia Portugal Swiss Netherlands France Finland Greece Denmark Lithuania Hungary Norway Austria Czech Republic Sweden Ireland Poland U.K. Germany Italy

012 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Country Population in 100 thousands Foreign Born in the U.S. in thousands FOREIGN BORN BY COUNTRY IN PEAK YEAR

1890 Germany Ireland U.K.

1910 Sweden Austria Hungary Norway Swiss

1920 Denmark France Finland Luxembourg

1930 Italy Poland Czech Republic Lithuania Netherlands Belgium 1960 Latvia Estonia 1980 Greece

1990 Portugal

Foreign Born 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 Immigrants from and Emigrants to Belgium: 1871-1950

8,000

7,000

6,000

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

0

Immigrants Emigrants Belgian-Americans: 1850-2000

400

350 Thousands 300

250 2nd & higher generations (1980-2000) 200

2nd generation (1910- 150 1970)

100 1st generation

50

0 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 FirstFirst GenerationGeneration Belgian-Belgian-AmericansAmericans byby State,State, 19001900

ND WA MT MN MI ME SD ID WI VT OR MI NH WY NY IA MA NE CT RI PA OH NJ IL IN NV UT CO MD DE KS MO WV KY VA CA OK TN NC NM AR SC MS AZ TX AL LA GA

FL

Legend

Belgian Born, 1900

0 - 97 126 - 383 491 - 985 1,197 - 2,647 4,132 - 4,412

BelgxSt_1900.mxd BelgianBelgian ForeignForeign StockStock byby State,State, 19301930

ND WA MT MN MI ME ID SD WI VT OR MI NH WY NY IA MA NE CT RI PA OH NJ IL IN UT NV CO MDDE KS MO WV KY VA CA OK TN NC AR SC

AZ NM MS AL GA TX LA

FL

Legend

Belgian Foreign Stock, 1930

51 - 99 100 -999 1,000 - 1,999 2,000 - 9,999 BelgFsxSt_1930.mxd 10,000 - 26,818 FirstFirst GenerationGeneration Belgian-AmericansBelgian-Americans byby County,County, ,Illinois, ,Indiana, ,Michigan, :Wisconsin: 19001900

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!( 50 - 199 !( ! 200 - 499 ! 500 - 999 " 1,000 - 2,155 C1900_MID4.MXD First Generation Belgian-Americans by County, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin: 1930

DOUGLAS DICKINSON DELTA

KEWAUNEE Wisconsin BROWN OUTAGAMIE

Michigan SAGINAW GENESEE ST CLAIR

MACOMB MILWAUKEE OAKLAND RACINE INGHAM " WAYNE WINNEBAGO LAKE JACKSON MONROE LENAWEE "COOK KANE " ST JOSEPH ROCK ISLAND BUREAU " LA SALLE HENRY

PEORIA

VERMILION Illinois Indiana

CHRISTIAN

KNOX

Legend FRANKLIN Belgian-Born Persons, 1930 0 - 99 100 - 399 400 - 999 1,000 - 1,999 " 2,000 - 9,947 C30_MIDW4_CyxBelgBorn.mxd Persons of Belgian Parentage by County, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin: 1930

MARQUETTE DOUGLAS Michigan DICKINSON DELTA

MENOMINEE MARINETTE

OCONTO DOOR ST CROIX Wisconsin " KEWAUNEE OUTAGAMIE BROWN MANITOWOC Michigan BAY OCEANA SAGINAW GENESEE ST CLAIR MUSKEGON MACOMB MILWAUKEE KENT OAKLAND RACINE INGHAM KENOSHA "WAYNE JACKSON LAKE MONROE WINNEBAGO KANE LENAWEE COOK " ST JOSEPH WHITESIDE DU PAGE " ROCK ISLAND" BUREAU LAKE LA SALLE HENRY KANKAKEE PEORIA BLACKFORD IROQUOIS

VERMILION Illinois Indiana

CHRISTIAN

KNOX

PERRY Legend Persons of Belgian Parentage, 1930 0 - 99 100 - 399 400 - 999 1,000 - 1,999 " 2,000 - 6,859 C30xCyxFMPAR.mxd BELGIAN BORN AND BELGIAN FOREIGN STOCK BY COUNTY, ILLINOIS, INDIANA, MICHIGAN, AND WISCONSIN: 1900, 1930 Sorted by percentage change of Belgian Foreign Stock BELGIAN BELGIAN BELGIAN COUNTY STATE POPULATION BELGIAN BORN STOCK BORN STOCK 1900 1930 % CHANGE 1900 1930 1930 % CHANGE % CHANGE (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

WAYNE MI 348,793 1,888,946 442 1,023 9,947 16,806 872 1,543 MILWAUKEE WI 330,017 725,263 120 51 171 751 235 1,373 MACOMB MI 33,244 77,146 132 141 900 2,059 538 1,360 ROCK ISLAND IL 55,249 98,191 78 847 3,594 6,833 324 707 KANE IL 78,792 125,327 59 105 392 835 273 695 COOK IL 1,838,735 3,982,123 117 1,205 4,506 8,837 274 633 ST JOSEPH IN 58,881 160,033 172 672 2,513 4,833 274 619 DELTA MI 23,881 32,280 35 141 249 763 77 441 OUTAGAMIE WI 46,247 62,790 36 124 131 578 6 366 VERMILION IL 65,635 89,339 36 225 327 764 45 240 HENRY IL 40,049 43,851 9 821 969 2,496 18 204 BROWN WI 46,359 70,249 52 2,155 876 5,415 -59 151 DICKINSON MI 17,890 29,941 67 329 251 722 -24 119 OCONTO WI 20,874 26,386 26 211 66 458 -69 117 BUREAU IL 41,112 38,845 -6 328 260 691 -21 111 MENOMINEE MI 27,046 23,652 -13 264 78 524 -70 98 DOOR WI 17,583 18,182 3 466 93 918 -80 97 KEWAUNEE WI 17,212 16,037 -7 660 114 1,169 -83 77 BLACKFORD IN 17,213 13,617 -21 479 73 179 -85 -63 GRANT IN 54,693 51,066 -7 339 40 82 -88 -76 MADISON IN 70,470 82,888 18 301 24 68 -92 -77

4 STATE TOTAL 11,828,036 18,634,407 58 14,029 31,201 70,926 122 406

Sources: Printed census reports via Fisher Library and ICPSR * (8) =(Belgian stock in 1930 - Belgian born in 1900) / Belgian born in 1900 SOURCES:

IPUMS USA NHGIS PRINTED CENSUS REPORTS FISHER LIBRARY ICPSR DATABASE