Fun First Foods Has Been Endorsed by the UNICEF Baby Friendly Initiative
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✽ ✽ FunFirst Foods An easy guide to introducing solid foods a We are happy to consider requests for other languages or formats. Please contact 0131 314 5300 or email [email protected] UNICEF UK Baby Friendly Initiative UNICEF is the world’s leading children’s charity. The Baby Friendly Initiative provides training and assessment for hospitals and community health services to enable them to give breastfeeding mothers the help and support they need to breastfeed successfully. Visit www.babyfriendly.org.uk NHS Health Scotland wishes to thank those who have contributed to this resource. Fun First Foods has been endorsed by the UNICEF Baby Friendly Initiative. Published by NHS Health Scotland 1 South Gyle Crescent Edinburgh EH12 9EB © NHS Health Scotland 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 ISBN: 978-1-84485-483-7 All rights reserved. Material contained in this publication may not be reproduced in whole or part without prior permission of NHS Health Scotland (or other copyright owners). While every effort is made to ensure that the information given here is accurate, no legal responsibility is accepted for any errors, omissions or misleading statements. NHS Health Scotland is a WHO Collaborating Centre for Health Promotion and Public Health Development b ✽ Contents How this booklet will help you 2 What to eat? 6 Getting started 10 Moving on 14 Mini meals 18 What can my baby drink? 22 Weaning before six months 26 Recipes 30 ✽ ✽How this booklet will help you As a parent, you want the best start for your baby. What your baby eats and drinks is important for her health now and in the future. The information in this booklet may be quite different from what you have read before, or from what your friends and family may tell you. New research is always being carried out into feeding babies and the information and advice in this leaflet is based on the most recent findings. It will help your baby to get the best possible start. What is weaning? Weaning means introducing a variety of foods gradually to your baby alongside her usual milk until she is eating the same healthy foods as the rest of the family. Sometimes this is called ‘starting solids’. For the sake of consistency we have used ‘she’ or ’her’ throughout the booklet. 2 ✽ When is the best time to introduce solid foods? Introducing solid food is an important milestone in a baby’s development much like walking and talking. It helps your baby learn about textures, flavours and eating together. Health experts now recommend that babies should start eating solid foods from around the age of six months. For the first six months, all the nourishment your baby needs comes from breast milk (or infant formula), but after six months she will need more nutrients than milk alone can provide, for example, iron. You should aim to gradually increase the variety and amount of solid foods so that, by 12 months, food rather than milk is the main part of her diet. This will help your baby to grow and develop properly. What are the advantages of weaning at six months? Before six months your baby’s immune and digestive systems and kidneys are still developing. Waiting until six months will make sure these systems are developed enough to cope with solid foods. Weaning too soon may also increase the risk of being overweight in childhood. Weaning is easier at six months because you can use soft finger foods or mashed foods. There is no need to puree. Also, bowls and spoons do not need to be sterilised. ✽ 3 What about bigger babies – won’t they need solid food earlier? It doesn’t really matter what weight your baby was at birth – the digestive system, immune system and kidneys of babies develop at the same rate regardless of their weight. There’s no need to introduce solid food earlier just because your baby weighs more than other babies of her age. If she seems particularly hungry at any time, she may be having a growth spurt and extra breastfeeding or infant formula will be enough to meet her needs. Even if your baby is not sleeping through the night when she had been previously, there is no evidence to suggest that weaning earlier will help. If you have any concerns, discuss them with your health visitor. My older sister weaned her children at four months and they’re fine – why can’t I? Weaning from four months was the advice given for a number of years, but the new guidance of six months is based on more recent research and is supported by the World Health Organization and the Scottish Government. You may not see an immediate difference in your baby’s health compared to other babies that are weaned earlier, but you can be confident that you are giving your baby the best chance to have good health throughout her life. If you choose to wean at any time before six months, there are a number of foods which should be avoided. Please see page 26 for a list of these foods. You should never wean before four months (17 weeks). 4 Premature babies If your baby was born prematurely, ask your paediatrician, health visitor or paediatric dietitian for advice about what is best for your baby. How do I know when my baby is ready to start solid foods? Every baby is different but there are some signs that your baby is ready to move on to solid foods. These are: ✽ she can stay in a sitting position and hold her head steady ✽ she can reach out and grab things accurately; for example, look at food, pick it up and put it in her mouth all by herself ✽ she can swallow food. Babies who are not ready will push their food back out so they have more on their face than in their mouths. I f your baby is looked after by someone else during the day, e.g. a grandparent, childminder or nursery, this should not affect how you wean your baby. You should discuss your feeding routine with them to ensure they do the same thing as you. Remember, this booklet has the most up-to-date information on weaning. You may want to share it with the person who is helping to look after your baby. ✽ 5 ✽ ✽What to eat? Weaning is a time for learning about foods and getting used to eating. Your baby will learn that: ✽ foods come in different colours, flavours and textures ✽ some foods are eaten from a spoon, while other foods can be held and eaten with her hands ✽ some drinks come from a cup. ✽ You should continue with breastfeeding or formula milk (whey-based first milk) while gradually introducing solid foods. Solid foods should be offered to your baby after her usual milk feeds. For a healthy diet, babies should be encouraged to eat a variety of foods from each of the following four food groups: Bread, rice, potatoes, pasta and other starchy foods These foods are important sources of energy, vitamins and minerals and should be a major part of your baby’s diet. This group also includes low-sugar (plain) breakfast cereals, sweet potatoes, porridge, noodles, couscous, yams, plantains and chapattis. 6 ✽ Fruits and vegetables These are a good source of fibre, vitamins and minerals that are essential for your baby’s health. They should also be a major part of your baby’s diet. You can use fresh, tinned, dried and frozen fruit, and vegetables. If you buy tinned fruit, choose fruit in natural juice as this is better for your baby’s teeth than tinned fruit in syrup. If you buy tinned vegetables, buy those that don’t have any added salt. Soft fruits and vegetables are ideal first foods. You could try mashing a banana, pear or a cooked carrot. You could also offer them sliced up as finger foods. To reduce the risk of choking: ✽ remove any stones or pips before serving ✽ halve or chop small fruits and vegetables like cherry tomatoes and grapes ✽ cut large fruits into slices rather than chunks. To encourage your baby to eat fruits and vegetables, eat them yourself. A baby loves to copy her parents. Tip 7 Meat, fish, eggs, beans and other non-dairy sources of protein These foods are important for your baby’s growth and development and include lean red meat, white fish, oily fish (for example, mackerel, salmon and tinned sardines), chicken, eggs and pulses (beans, peas and lentils, etc.). QuornTM and tofu are also good sources of protein. Avoid processed meats as they are high in salt. Milk and dairy foods These foods contain calcium which is needed for strong bones and teeth. They also provide energy, protein, vitamins and minerals for your baby. Dairy foods are made from milk, e.g. cheese and yogurt. Make sure you use full-fat dairy products such as full-fat plain yogurt, full-fat fromage frais and full-fat cow’s milk when cooking, e.g., cheese sauce, custard, rice pudding and semolina. Babies up to the age of 2 have smaller appetites compared to older children and adults. They need foods that are high in energy, and so need more fat in their diets. After that they can gradually move to a lower-fat diet – the same as the rest of the family. You can use vegetable oils such as olive or sunflower oil for cooking, and vegetable margarine (e.g. sunflower) on bread or toast fingers. 8 Food safety ✽ ✽ Wash your hands before preparing your baby’s food and wash your baby’s hands before she eats.