TAB 10 – ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS c
APPENDIX 10.3-3
Rare Plant Technical Report
TRANSCANADA 2002 WESTPATH EXPANSION SECTION 58 APPLICATION DATED 20 DECEMBER 2001 - REVISION 2 DATED 26 FEBRUARY 2002 10-18
TransCanada PipeLines Limited Westpath Expansion Project
RARE PLANT TECHNICAL REPORT
Prepared for: TransCanada PipeLines Limited.
Prepared by: AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd. Calgary, Alberta
February 2002
CP730
TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
Acknowledgements
AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd. would like to thank the following people for their contributions to this report. The rare-plant field surveys were conducted by Reg Ernst of Natural Resource Ecology and Tiffanie Billey, with assistance from Kim Gartner and Nick DeCarlo. Dayle Soppet wrote and edited the report with assistance from Kim Gartner. Jane Lancaster provided senior review for this document.
AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd. February 2002
TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
February 2002 AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd.
TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
Executive Summary
AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd (AXYS) was retained by TransCanada Pipelines Ltd to conduct rare plant surveys on their proposed Westpath Expansion Project. This project consists of two looping sections: Tepee Creek and Leach Creek. A spring and summer survey were conducted during 2001. A list of all vascular plant species on the proposed RoW was compiled for each loop, however no rare plants were found. Several weedy plant species were identified on the proposed RoW expansion.
AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd. February 2002
TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
February 2002 AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd.
TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
Table of Contents
1 Introduction...... 1 2 Environmental Setting...... 1 3 Methods...... 5 3.1 Baseline Information...... 5 3.2 Field Surveys...... 5 4 Results ...... 6 4.1 Rare Plants...... 6 4.2 Weeds...... 6 5 References...... 8 Appendix I: Potential Rare Plant Species List...... 5 Table I – 1. Potential Rare Plant Species List...... 7 Appendix II: BC CDC Ranking Definitions...... 15 Table II – 1. BC Conservation Data Centre (CDC) Provincial Ranking...... 17 Appendix III: Plant Species Lists for Tepee Creek and Leach Creek Loop Extensions..... 19 Table III – 1. Plant Species List for the Leach Creek Loop ...... 21 Table III – 2. Plant Species List for the Tepee Creek Loop ...... 27
Figures
Figure 1-1 Proposed Leach Creek and Tepee Creek Pipeline Routes
AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd. February 2002 Page i TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
February 2002 AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd. Page ii TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
1 Introduction AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd. (AXYS) was retained by TransCanada Pipelines Limited to conduct a rare plant survey on their Westpath Expansion Project (the “project”) in southeastern British Columbia. The project consists of the installation of 24.4 km of pipeline on two looping sections: Leach Creek Loop (9.1 km) and Tepee Creek Loop (15.3 km). Spring and summer field surveys were conducted to confirm the presence of rare plants. Following completion of the surveys a portion of the Tepee Creek section was rerouted. Therefore, an additional spring survey will be conducted in 2002.
2 Environmental Setting The Tepee Creek Loop is located southeast of Cranbrook, BC, and the Leach Creek Loop is located southeast of Sparwood, BC (Figure 1). Both loops fall within the Montane Spruce (MS) biogeoclimatic zone (R. Durrell pers. comm.). The MS zone is considered to be a transitional zone between the Interior Douglas Fir zone and the Englemann Spruce-Subalpine Fir zone. The MS zone ranges between 1100-1500 meters in wetter areas and from 1250-1700 meters in dry zones. The terrain is very mountainous, steep and rugged. The climate is cool, continental with cold winters and moderately short, warm summers. Soils in drier areas are dominantly Brunisolic or Orthic Gray Luvisols and Eutric Brunisols. Wetter areas with coarse-textured deposits consist of Humo-Ferric Podzols and Dystric Brunisols (Meidinger and Pojar 1991). Vegetation in the MS zone consists of climax stands of hybrid white spruce and subalpine fir with ground covers of black huckleberry, pinegrass, grouseberry, falsebox and Utah honeysuckle. Lodgepole pine is a characteristic species that forms young to maturing seral stands following wildfires. Common understory species in a lodgepole pine stand include false azalea, Utah honeysuckle, soopalallie, grouseberry, twinflower, pinegrass, and heart-leaved arnica. Douglas-fir can be found as a climax species on warm, south- facing slopes in dry areas. Western larch can be found in the eastern part of the MS zone and occurs as a seral species following fire disturbance. Trembling aspen is a common seral species and black cottonwood occurs on some wet sites (Meidinger and Pojar 1991).
February 2002 AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd. Page 1 TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd. February 2002 Page 2
m
4
k
E
r
a
M
9
c
D
R u
r
w
5
e
r .
N
B k
e e e
l 2 1
.
t r b R
2 g
v s
s C i d a
a a
M
n S
e C
u e c
B r
e
L m
m
o . r C W. C
t
g
s i m
d l
o a
e k
G n
s 1
n e H
l
l
o 1:500,000 1
e . F
s r
a
t
r
6 y
w F
2
C 1-1 M o B
r
x e
n l r. C a y C .
r
L . d
r n C SCALE FIGURE NO. REV
C o
b r r
ive AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd.
a R C ll . e r w
C o n H i
CP 730
b
a C
PROJECT
.
h L
y
S
a t
e
r
S s
m v
r T
r
e
A
a
S 4
a
. n
Leech Creek Pipeline Route Tepee Creek Pipeline Route Existing Pipeline
P
D
E 5
December 2001 WELG DC
n s
d H
t
.
7
N t
w a
2
M
m S
o e
M r t h
5 t
W s C
8 a e l
DATE DRAWNREVIEWED CHECKED
O 7
n F
R
2
s
C
w
o .
r r
. 20 r
C r. C C C r. . . C Cr Y y W vo l E H e
h c
c M
15
r .
C
Mi h c a
e L le
o n
p r . o
r e
C g h g
Natal i d
B
o L r. Fabro C
Elkview hel ic Scale in kilometres
M 510 r
ive
Hosmer R
l m
. k
a l a
r Courier E
nar o
ad R C l w L
C .
P R
Acknowledgements: Basemap provided by Alberta Environment Prepared by AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd. g C 0
o . i s Cr t
a
k g Olson T
S o W
E C
N o
S k
l k
W
l
E E O
. R
o r
C y d
C l
e
a
s
s
i
W
r
y
r a
r o w
u k M
Area of Detail o
h e 93 l
SPARWOOD e l
lp r a u C
S G ( Calgary
. ( r
s C
s
e
n Cranbrook
n
m
e
h
t
v 1
i
y
1
a
a a d
n 4 r a
H S
f
C
.
2 f
r .
t C r
e a n
a v Cr
i J
o r
o r
R e I
G iv
R Lake
l ul B 3 Koocanusa 93
t Tie L.
o .
o r
h f C
t . i r
a e r l C
b i
l g l a l old n G
a
G a k
v
l T c
i
o
w
C
n
r e n
e
r
F e
n
e
. v
d L. r a
h
m
r
s C C
i
a
6
F
4
W k
k
.
8
t e
r e Summer
2 e
e r
M e v
i r C
R C
e y
s r
e
r l R o
D
e P H
e C
t l
l
S
e
t
m d n
r l d o
l
i n
o G
6
. W o
6
F
n
m
t
C
1
.
2 0
M
t
8
k
y M 1
e a
h l n e 2 y ot a
o
Ko Y
D e
e
p
r h
ep r. e e C
os T
v J
i y a 5 R
a
3
s Rile 9
s
9
a
a
e
i L.
W
y
W
o Moyie L.
M Wasa
a
e
k R
s
5
3 e
P n
n 9
e w
r o e a C d f n
A f u C w i S
l
5
S c . 9 . Cr y r
r C
W
a
t
n
S
e
y
l
h
e
t
k
r p r
r Proposed Leach Creek and
n
o
e e e
a Tepee Creek Pipeline Routes
Dog k b
ree v v
e C
N i m TransCanada PipeLines Westpath Expansion
T W Ri
R
Luke a
k L
e
e
r r.
C k
C
s e
u
a e
o r
T
e C
t e
a i
r
y an
T o
o hm M s P i
r y
I t
r. h . C c
r
o
C
TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
3 Methods
3.1 Baseline Information Prior to conducting field surveys, a list of potential rare plants occurring in the Cranbrook Forest District was obtained from the British Columbia Conservation Data Centre (BC CDC 2001). Information on habitat and phenology, as well as illustrations of the rare plants, was obtained from various botanical references (Douglas et al. 1998, Hitchcock et al. 1969) and compiled into a booklet for use as a field reference. All of the 104 plants on the list (Appendix I) were included to cover all potential plants in the area, even though some of the habitats of the plants listed do not occur in great quantity on the proposed right-of-ways (RoW). Each plant is also ranked on a provincial system (Appendix II).
3.2 Field Surveys Flowers, fruits and seeds are used to positively identify plant species, however the development of these characteristics varies between species. In order to observe the majority of these characteristics, two rare plant surveys are required during a growing season. The spring rare plant survey was completed between June 26th-28th, 2001 by two teams of field botanists. The summer survey was completed from August 13th-16th, 2001 by one team of field botanists. Sites surveyed included ephemeral wetlands, year round drainage areas, creek crossings, and areas containing unusual plant communities or exhibiting typical habitat characteristics. Where the proposed RoW’s paralleled the existing pipeline corridor, the botanists surveyed a 50-meter wide area on the side indicated for construction. Both sides of the existing pipeline corridor were surveyed in areas where the construction route was not identified. On new RoW (Tepee Creek section reroute), a 50-meter area was surveyed. Following the spring survey, a portion of the Tepee Creek section was relocated. The new section (north of the previous proposed routing) was surveyed during the August trip, prior to the final proposed route being confirmed. The rerouting of a portion of the Tepee Creek section has necessitated the performance of an additional survey in the spring. The random meander technique was used to survey the selected sites. As rare plants often exist in discrete populations in specific areas, a random search can increase the probability of finding rare plant populations. A random search effort also encompasses a greater portion of the landscape, as the search is not limited to specific areas, and is useful in surveying difficult terrain and irregular shaped search areas (Lancaster 2000). This technique was used to compile a species list of all plants encountered along the Leach and Tepee Creek looping sections. This list is presented in Appendix III. Species that could not be identified in the field due to lack of resources or time constraints were collected, where populations allowed, and identified later at the University of Calgary herbarium. If rare plants were found, the site was marked with blue flagging tape and blue latex spray paint. The population extent was determined within a 100-meter radius of the initial
AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd. February 2002 Page 5 TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
observation point. GPS co-ordinates of the location were recorded. Photographs of the plant and its surrounding habitat were taken.
4 Results
4.1 Rare Plants No rare plants were observed on the proposed pipeline RoW for the Tepee Creek Loop or the Leach Creek Loop during the 2001 rare plant surveys. Rare plant surveys can only confirm the presence of rare plant species in an area, however, they cannot rule out the presence of rare species in an area (Lancaster 2000).
4.2 Weeds Several weedy or invasive non-native species were identified on the Tepee Creek (14 species) and Leach Creek (13 species) looping sections, and are listed in Table 1. These non-native species have the potential to invade and displace native species in natural landscapes (NPWG 2000). Each species was classified according to their status in BC and where applicable, according the Canada Seeds Act (CSA) (Ministry of Agriculture and Food 1998).
February 2002 AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd. Page 6 TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
Table 1: Weedy and Non-Native Invasive Species Found on the Tepee Creek and Leach Creek Looping Sections
Tepee Leach Common Name Latin Name Status Creek Creek * Crested wheatgrass Agropyron cristatum Non-native invasive * * Smooth brome Bromus inermis Non-native invasive * Diffuse knapweed Centaurea diffusa Noxious * Spotted knapweed Centaurea maculosa Noxious * * Canada thistle Cirsium arvense Noxious – 1o Noxious CSA * Bull thistle Cirsium vulgare Nuisance * Common hound’s Cynoglossum officinale Noxious tongue * Blueweed Echium vulgare Weedy species * Orange hawkweed Hieracium aurantiacum Weedy species * Yellow hawkweed Hieracium pratense Weedy species * * Oxeye daisy Leucanthemum vulgare Weedy species - 1o Noxious CSA * Dalmatian toadflax Linaria dalmatica weedy * * Common toadflax Linaria vulgaris Noxious 1o Noxious CSA * Pineapple weed Matricaris discoidea Nuisance * Timothy Phleum pratense Non-native invasive * * Common plantain Plantago major Nuisance * * Kentucky bluegrass Poa pratensis Non-native invasive * Common groundsel Senecio vulgaris Nuisance * * Western goat’s- Tragopogon dubius Nuisance beard * Great mullein Verbascum thapsus Nuisance
AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd. February 2002 Page 7 TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
5 References
British Columbia Conservation Data Centre. 2001. Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management. Provincial Tracking List Rare Plants. Victoria, B.C. http://www.elp.gov.bc.ca/rib/wis/cdc Douglas, George W., Del V. Meidinger and Jim Pojar (Eds). 2001. Illustrated Flora of British Columbia Volumes 1-6. British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks and British Columbia Ministry of Forests. Douglas, George W., Gerald B. Straley, and Del V. Meidinger. 1998. Rare Native Vascular Plants of British Columbia. Hitchcock, C.L., A. Cronquist, M. Ownby and J. W. Thompson. 1955-1969. Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest. University of Washington Press. Seattle, Washington. Lancaster, J. (ed). 2000. Guidelines for Rare Plant Surveys. Alberta Native Plant Council. Edmonton, Alberta. Ministry of Agriculture and Foods. 1998. Field Guide to Noxious and Other Selected Weeds. Province of British Columbia. Canada. http://www.agf.gov.ca/croplive/cropprot/weedguid/weedguid.htm. Ministry of Agriculture and Foods. 1998. Index to Noxious and Nuisance Weeds. Province of British Columbia. Canada. http://www/agf/gov.bc.ca/cropline/cropprot/weedguid/weedindx/htm. Meidinger, Del and Jim Pojar. 1991. Ecosystems of British Columbia. British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Victoria, BC. 330 pp. NPWG (Native Plant Working Group). 2000. Native Plant Revegetation Guildlines for Alberta. H. Sinton-gerling (ed.), Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development and Alberta Environment. Edmonton, Alberta.
Personal Communications Rex Durrell. Ministry of Forests. Cranbrook, British Columbia.
February 2002 AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd. Page 8 TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
Appendix I: Potential Rare Plant Species List
AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd. February 2002
TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
February 2002 AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd.
TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
Table I – 1. Potential Rare Plant Species List Scientific Name Common Name Global Provincial Listing Phenology Agastache foeniculum ((Pursh) Common twinpod G3G4 SH Red Ktze.) Allium validum (S. Wats.) Swamp onion G4 S1S3 Blue Perennial: June-Aug
Androsace chamaejasme Sweet-flowered G5T5 S1S3 Blue Perennial: (Wulfen non Host ssp. fairy-candelabra Lehmanniana (Spreng.) Hult.) Anemone canadensis (L.) Canada anemone G5 S2S3 Blue Perennial Apocynum x floribundum Syn. Western dogbane HYB S2S3 Blue Perennial: June-Sept A. medium (Greene) Arabis lemmonii (S. Wats.) Lemmon's G5T4? S1S3 Blue Caespitose var. drepanoloba ((Greene) rockcress perennial: July-Aug Roll.) Arnica chamissonis ssp. Meadow arnica G5T? S2S3 Blue Perennial: Mostly incana Syn. A. chamissonis June-July (Less.) Artemisia ludoviciana (Nutt). Western mugwort G5T? S1S3 Blue Rhizomatous var. incompta ((Nutt.) Cronq.) perennial: June-Oct.
Astragalus crassicarpus Ground plum G5 S1S3 Blue Perennial: June-July (Nutt.) Astragalus drummondii Drummond's milk- G5 S1S3 Blue Perennial: June-July (Doug. ex Hook.) vetch
Astragalus microcystis (A. Least bladdery G5 S1 Red Perennial: May-July Gray) milk-vetch
Astragalus vexilliflexus var. Bent-flowered G4T? S2S3 Blue Perennial: June-July vexilliflexus (Sheldon) milk-vetch Atriplex argentea ssp. Silvery orache G5T5 S1 Red argentea (Nutt.) Besseya wyomingensis ((A. Wyoming kitten- G5 S2S3 Blue Perennial: April-July Nels.) Rydb.) tails Botrychium crenulatum (W.H. Dainty moonwort G3 S1S3 Blue Leaves appearing in Wagner) mid to late spring, dying in late summer. Botrychium simplex (E. Least moonwort G5 S2S3 Blue Leaves appearing Hitchc.) mid spring to early fall.
AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd. February 2002
TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
Scientific Name Common Name Global Provincial Listing Phenology Bouteloua gracilis ((HBK.) Blue grama G5 S1 Red Perennial: July-Aug Lag.) Brickellia grandiflora Large-flowered G5 S1 Red Perennial: Mostly ((Hook.) Nutt.) brickellia July-Aug
Bupleurum americanum American G5 S1S3 Blue Perennial: July-Aug (Coult. & Rose) thorough-wax Carex geyeri (Boott) Geyer's sedge G5 S2S3 Blue Perennial: April-July
Carex incurviformis var. Curved-spiked G4G5T4 S2S3 Blue Perennial incurviformis (Mack.) sedge T5 Carex lenticularis (Michx.) Lakeshore sedge G5T5 S2 Red Perennial: May-Aug var. lenticularis Carex paysonis (Clokey) Payson's sedge G4 S1S3 Blue Perennial: July-Aug
Carex rupestris (Bell. ex All.) Drummond's sedge G5T5 S1S3 Blue Perennial: July-Aug ssp. drummondiana ((Dewey) Holub) Carex xerantica (Bailey) Dry-land sedge G5 S2S3 Blue Perennial: June-July
Castilleja cusickii (Greenm.) Cusick's paintbrush G4G5 S1 Red Perennial: April-Aug
Cheilanthes gracillima (D.C. Lace fern G4G5 S2S3 Blue Sporulating summer- Eat.) fall. Cirsium scariosum Syn. C. Elk thistle G5 S1S3 Blue Perennial: June-Aug foliosum (Nutt.) Claytonia megarhiza var. Alpine G4?T? S2S3 Blue Perennial: Late June- megarhiza ((A. Gray) Parry ex springbeauty Late Aug S. Wats.) Cryptantha ambigua ((A. Obscure cryptantha G4 S2 Red Annual: June-July Gray) Greene) Delphinium bicolor ssp. Montana larkspur G4G5T? S2S3 Blue Perennial: May-July bicolor (Nutt.) Draba densifolia (Nutt. ex T. Nuttall's draba G5 S1S3 Blue Perennial: June-Aug & G.) Elodea nuttallii ((Planch.) St. Nuttall's waterweed G5 S2S3 Blue Perennial: July-Sept John) Epilobium leptocarpum Syn. Small-flowered G5 S2S3 Blue Perennial: June-Aug E. glandulosum (Hausskn.) willowherb Epilobium pygmaeum ((Speg.) Smooth spike- G5 SH Red P. Hoch & Raven) primrose
February 2002 AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd.
TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
Scientific Name Common Name Global Provincial Listing Phenology Epilobium saximontanum Rocky Mountain G5 S1S3 Blue Perennial: June-Aug Syn. E. glandulosum willowherb (Hausskn.) Epipactis gigantea (Dougl. ex Giant helleborine G4 S2S3 Blue Perennial: April-July Hook)
Erigeron ochroleucus (Nutt.) Buff daisy G5T5 S1S3 Blue Perennial: May-Aug var. scribneri ((Canby ex Rydb.) Cronq.) Erigeron trifidus Syn. E. Three-lobed daisy G2G3Q S2S3 Blue Perennial: Mostly compositus (Hook.) May-Aug
Eriogonum androsaceum Androsace G4G5 S1S3 Blue Caespitose (Benth.) buckwheat perennial: Late July- Aug Eriogonum pauciflorum var. Few-flowered G5T5 SH Red pauciflorum (Pursh) buckwheat
Gaura coccinea (Pursh) Scarlet gaura G5 S1 Red Perennial: June-Aug
Gayophytum humile (Juss.) Dwarf G5 S2S3 Blue Annual: June-Aug groundsmoke Gayophytum racemosum (T. Racemed G5 S1 Red Annual: June-Aug & G.) groundsmoke
Gayophytum ramosissimum Hairstem G5 S1 Red Annual: June-July (Nutt. ex T. & G.) groundsmoke
Gentiana affinis (Griseb.) Prairie gentian G5 S1S3 Blue Caespitose perennial: July-Sept
Gentiana calycosa (Griseb.) Mountain bog G4 S2S3 Blue Caespitose gentian perennial: July-Oct
Glyceria leptostachya (Buckl.) Slender-spike G3 S2S3 Blue Perennial: June-Aug manna grass
Glycyrrhiza lepidota ((Nutt.) Wild licorice G5 S2 Red Perennial: May-Aug Pursh) Hedeoma hispida (Pursh) Rough pennyroyal G5 S1 Red Helenium autumnale (L.) var. Mountain G5T? S2S3 Blue Perennial: July-Sept grandiflorum ((Nutt.) T. & G.) sneezeweed
AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd. February 2002
TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
Scientific Name Common Name Global Provincial Listing Phenology Helianthus nuttallii var. Nuttall's sunflower G5T5 S1 Red Perennial: July-Sept nuttallii (T. & G.) Hypericum scouleri (Hook.) Western St. John's- G5T? S2S3 Blue ssp. nortoniae ((M.E. Jones) wort J.M. Gillet) Impatiens ecalcarata (Blank.) Spurless touch-me- G3G4 S2S3 Blue August-Sept not Isoetes howellii (Engelm.) Howell's quillwort G4G5 S1 Red Perennial herb with annual leaves
Juncus confusus (Coville) Colorado rush G5 S1 Red Caespitose perennial: June-Aug
Juncus regelii (Buch.) Regel's rush G4? S2S3 Blue Rhizomatous perennial: July-Aug
Lathyrus bijugatus (White) Pinewood peavine G4 S1 Red Perennial: May-July
Lepidium densiflorum var. Prairie pepper-grass G5T4 S1 Red Annual: Apr-June pubicarpum Syn. L. densiflorum (Schrad.) Lewisia triphylla ((S. Wats) Three-leaved G4? S1S3 Blue Perennial: Late May- B.L. Robins.in A. Gray) lewisia Aug Linanthus septentrionalis Northern linanthus G5 S2S3 Blue Annual: May-July (H.L. Mason) Lomatium sandbergii (Coult. Sandberg's desert G4 S2S3 Blue Perennial: May-July & Rose) parsley Lupinus arbustus (Dougl. Ex Spurred lupine G5T? SH Red Perennial: May-July Lindl.) ssp. Neolaxiflorus Dunn Syn. L. laxiflorus Lupinus arbustus (Dougl. ex. Montana lupine G5T? S1 Red Perennial: May-July Lind ssp. pseudoparviflorus ((Rydb.) Dunn) Syn. L. parviflorus Lupinus bingenensis var. Sulphur lupine G3G5T? S1 Red Perennial: April- subsaccatus Syn. L. June sulphureus (Suksdorf) Melica smithii ((Porter) Smith's melic G4 S2S3 Blue Caespitose Vasey) perennial: June-Aug
Melica spectabilis (Scribn.) Purple oniongrass G5 S2S3 Blue Rhizomatous perennial: Late May- July
February 2002 AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd.
TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
Scientific Name Common Name Global Provincial Listing Phenology Minuartia austromontana Rocky Mountain G4 S2S3 Blue (Wolf & Packer) sandwort Minuartia elegans ((Cham. & Northern sandwort G4G5 S2S3 Blue Perennial: June-Aug Schlecht.) Schischk.)
Minuartia nuttallii ((Pax) Nuttall's sandwort G5T4T5 S2S3 Blue Perennial Brig.) ssp. nuttallii Orobanche corymbosa Flat-topped G4T3? S2 Red (Rydb.) Ferris ssp. mutabilis broomrape (Heckard in Taylor and MacBryde) Orobanche ludoviciana ssp. Suksdorf's G5T5 S1 Red Ludoviciana (Nutt.) broomrape Papaver pygmaeum (Rydb.) Dwarf poppy G3 S1S3 Blue Perennial: July-Aug
Pellaea gastonyi (Windham) Gastony`s cliff- G2G3 S2S3 Blue Evergreen perennial brake Penstemon nitidus var. nitidus Shining penstemon G5T? S1 Red Perennial: May-July (Dougl. ex Benth.) Phacelia lyallii ((A. Gray) Lyall's phacelia G3G4 S2S3 Blue Dwarf perennial: Rydb.) July -Aug Physaria didymocarpa var. Common twinpod G5T4 S2S3 Blue Heavy-rooted didymocarpa ((Hook.) A. perennial: June-Aug Gray) Plantago canescens (Adams) Arctic plantain G4G5 S1S3 Blue Perennial: June
Plantago eriopoda (Torr.) Alkali plantain G5 S1 Red June-July
Polemonium elegans (Greene) Elegant Jacob's- G4 S2S3 Blue Perennial: July-Aug ladder Polygonum douglasii ssp. Austin's knotweed G5T4 S1S3 Blue Annual: June-Aug Austiniae Syn. P. austiniae (Greene) Polygonum douglasii ssp. Engelmann's G5T? S1S3 Blue Engelmannii (Greene) knotweed Potentilla diversifolia (Lehm.) Diverse-leaved G5T4 S2S3 Blue Perennial: June-Aug var. perdissecta ((Rydb.) C.L. cinquefoil Hitchc.) Potentilla nivea var. Five-leaved G5T4 S2S3 Blue Perennial: June-July pentaphylla Syn. P. cinquefoil quinquefolia ((Rydb.) Rydb.) Potentilla ovina var. ovina Sheep cinquefoil G5?T5? S2S3 Blue Perennial: June-Aug (Macoun ex J. Macoun)
AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd. February 2002
TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
Scientific Name Common Name Global Provincial Listing Phenology (Macoun ex J. Macoun)
Prenanthes sagittata ((A. Arrow-leaved G3G4 S1 Red Perennial: July-Aug Gray) A. Nels.) rattlesnake-root Salix boothii (Dorn) Booth's willow G5 S2S3 Blue
Schizachyrium scoparium Little bluestem G5 S1 Red Perennial: July-Aug Syn. Andropogon scoparius ((Michx.) Nees) Scolochloa festucacea Spangle-top G5 S2 Red Rhizomatous ((Willd.) Link) perennial: June-July Scutellaria angustifolia Narrow-leaved G5 S1S3 Blue Perennial: May-June (Pursh) skullcap Senecio conterminus Syn. S. High alpine G3 S2S3 Blue Perennial: July-Sept resedifolius (Greenm.) butterweed Senecio hydrophiloides Sweet-marsh G5 S1 Red Perennial: June-July (Rydb) butterweed Senecio megacephalus (Nutt.) Large-headed G4? S2S3 Blue Perennial: July-Aug groundsel Silene drummondii var. Drummond's G5T5 S2S3 Blue drummondii (Hook.) campion Silene spaldingii (S. Wats.) Spalding's campion G2 S1 Red Perennial: June-July
Sphaeralcea coccinea ((Pursh) Scarlet globe- G5? S1 Red Rydb.) mallow Sphenopholis intermedia Prairie wedgegrass G5 S1 Red Caespitose, short- ((Rydb.) Rydb.) lived perennial: June-July Sphenopholis obtusata Prairie wedgegrass G5 S1 Red Caespitose ((Michx.) Scribn.) perennial: June-July
Stellaria obtusa (Engelm.) Blunt-sepaled G5 S2S3 Blue Perennial: June-July starwort
Thermopsis rhombifolia Prairie golden bean G5T? S1 Red (Nutt.) var. rhombifolia
Townsendia hookeri (Beaman) Hooker's G5 S2 Red townsendia
Townsendia parryi (D.C. Eat) Parry's townsendia G4? S1 Red May-Aug
February 2002 AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd.
TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
Scientific Name Common Name Global Provincial Listing Phenology Valeriana edulis ssp. Edulis Edible valerian G5T5 S2S3 Blue Perennial: June-Aug (Nutt. ex. T.&G.) Veronica catenata (Pennell) Pink water G5 S1 Red June-July speedwell * British Columbia CDC 2001
AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd. February 2002
TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
February 2002 AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd.
TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
Appendix II: BC CDC Ranking Definitions
AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd. February 2002
TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
February 2002 AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd.
TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
Table II – 1. BC Conservation Data Centre (CDC) Provincial Ranking
CDC tracks rare species defined the following way. Provincial Rank Global Rank Definition S1 G1 Critically imperiled provincially/globally because of extreme rarity or because of some factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000). S2 G2 Imperiled provincially/globally because of extreme rarity or because of some factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000). S3 G3 Vulnerable provincially/globally either because very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations) , or because of other factors making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. S4 G4 Uncommon but not rare, and usually widespread. Possibly cause for long-term concern. Typically more than 100 occurrences provincially/globally or more than 10,000 individuals. S5 G5 Common, typically widespread and abundant. The provincial rank will always be less than or equal to the global rank. An element cannot be given a provincial rank that indicates it is more common locally than globally. BC CDC PROVINCIAL LIST STATUS RED LIST: Includes any indigenous species or subspecies (taxa) considered to be Extirpated, Endangered, or Threatened in British Columbia. Extirpated taxa no longer exist in the wild in British Columbia, but do occur elsewhere. Endangered taxa are facing imminent extirpation or extinction. Threatened taxa are likely to become endangered if limiting factors are not reversed. Red-listed taxa include those that have been, or are being, evaluated for these designations. BLUE LIST: Includes any indigenous species or subspecies (taxa) considered to be Vulnerable in British Columbia. Vulnerable taxa are of special concern because of characteristics that make them particularly sensitive to human activities or natural events. Blue-listed taxa are at risk, but are not Extirpated, Endangered or Threatened. YELLOW LIST: Any indigenous species or subspecies (taxa) which is not at risk in British Columbia. The CDC tracks some Yellow listed taxa which are vulnerable during times of seasonal concentration (eg breeding colonies). * Source BritishColumbia CDC 2001
AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd. February 2002
TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
February 2002 AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd.
TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
Appendix III: Plant Species Lists for Tepee Creek and Leach Creek Loop Extensions
AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd. February 2002
TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
February 2002 AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd.
TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
Table III – 1. Plant Species List for the Leach Creek Loop
Latin Name Common Name Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine fir Achillea millefolium L. Yarrow Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd. Baneberry Agoseris aurantiaca (Hook.) Greene Orange agoseris Agropyron spp. Wheatgrass Agrostis scabra Willd. Hair bentgrass Alnus crispa (Ait.) Pursh Green alder, sitka alder Alnus tenuifolia Nutt. Mountain alder Alopecurus alpinus Sm. Alpine foxtail Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt. Saskatoon Androsace chamaejasme Host Sweet-flowered fairy-candelabra Anemone multifida Poir. Cut-leaved anemone Antennaria spp. Pussytoes Antennaria parvifolia Nutt. Nuttall's pussytoes Antennaria rosea Greene Rosy pussytoes Arabis spp. Rockcress Arnica cordifolia Hook. Heart-leaved arnica Arnica diversifolia Greene Diverse arnica Arnica latifolia Bong. Mountain arnica Aster conspicuus Lindl. Showy aster Aster laevis L. Smooth aster Aster spp. Aster Astragalus alpinus L. Alpine milk-vetch Astragalus eucosmus Robins. Elegant milk-vetch Astragalus spp. Milk-vetch Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth Lady fern Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. Rattlesnake fern Bromus inermis Leyss. Smooth brome Bromus inermis var. pumpellianus (Scribn.) C.L. Pumpelly's brome Hitchc. Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. Bluejoint Calamagrostis rubescens Buckl. Pinegrass Calicium abietinum Pers. Green stubble
AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd. February 2002
TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
Latin Name Common Name Cardamine parviflora L. Small-flowered bitter-cress Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. Pennsylvanian bitter-cress Carex disperma Dewey Soft-leaved sedge Castilleja miniata Dougl. Ex Hook. Scarlet paintbrush Cerastium arvense L. Field chickweed Centaurea diffusa Lam. Dalmatian toadflax Chimaphila umbellata (L.) Bart. Prince's pine Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Canada thistle Cirsium foliosum (Hook.) DC. Elk thistle Clematis occidentalis (Hornem.) DC. Columbia virgin's bower Clintonia uniflora (Schult.) Kunth Queen's cup Collema limosum Ach. Conringia orientalis (L.) Dum. Hare's-ear mustard Corallorhiza trifida Chatelain Yellow coralroot Corispermum orientalis Lambert Cornus canadensis L. Bunchberry Cornus stolonifera Michx. Red-osier dogwood Corydalis aurea Willd. Golden corydalis Dryas drummondii Richards. Yellow mountain avens Echium vulgare (L.) Blueweed Epilobium angustifolium L. Fireweed Equisetum arvense L. Common horsetail Equisetum pratense Ehrh. Meadow horsetail Equisetum scirpoides Michx. Dwarf scouring-rush Equisetum spp. Horsetail Equisetum sylvaticum L. Wood horsetail Erysimum inconspicuum (S. Wats.) MacM. Small wallflower Festuca saximontana Rydb. Rocky mountain fescue Fragaria virginiana Duchesne. Wild strawberry Galium boreale L. Northern bedstraw Galium triflorum Michx. Sweet-scented bedstraw Geranium bicknellii Britt. Bicknell's geranium Geum macrophyllum Willd. Large-leaved avens Geum rivale L. Water avens Geum spp. Avens
February 2002 AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd.
TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
Latin Name Common Name Goodyera oblongifolia Raf. Rattlesnake plantain Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newm. Oak fern Habenaria spp. Bog-orchid Hackelia jessicae (McGreg.) Brand Blue stickseed Hedysarum alpinum L. Alpine hedysarum Heracleum spp. Parsnip Heracleum lanatum Michx. Cow-parsnip Hydrophyllum spp. Waterleaf Juncus balticus Willd. Baltic rush Juniperus communis L. Common juniper Lathyrus ochroleucus Hook. Creamy peavine Lathyrus spp. Peavine Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. Oxeye daisy Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill. Dalmatian toadflax Linaria vulgaris Hill Common toadflax Linnaea borealis L. Twin flower Lonicera involucrata (Richards.) Banks Black twinberry Lonicera spp. Twinberry Lupinus arcticus S. Watts. Arctic lupine Lupinus spp. Lupine Lycopodium annotinum L. Stiff club-moss Lycopodium complanatum L. Ground cedar Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. Tall Oregon-grape Matricaria discoidea DC. Pineapple weed Menziesia ferruginea Sm. False azalea Microsteris gracilis (Hook.) Greene Pink twink Mimulus guttatus DC. Yellow monkey-flower Mimulus lewisii Pursh Pink monkey-flower Mitella nuda L. Common mitrewort Moneses uniflora (L.) A. Gray Single delight, one-flowered wintergreen Oplopanax horridus (Smith) Miq. Devil's club Orthilia secunda (L.)House One-sided wintergreen Oryzopsis asperifolia Michx. Rough-leaved ricegrass Osmorhiza chilensis Hook. & Arn. Mountain sweet-cicely Pachistima myrsinites (Pursh) Raf. Falsebox
AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd. February 2002
TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
Latin Name Common Name Parnassia fimbriata Konig Fringed grass-of-parnassus Peltigera aphthosa (L.) Willd. Freckle pelt Penstemon confertus Dougl. Yellow penstemon Penstemon spp. Penstemon Phalaris arundinacea L. Reed canarygrass Phleum alpinum L. Alpine timothy Phleum pratense L. Timothy Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. Engelmann spruce Pinus contorta Loudon Lodgepole pine Pinus flexilis James Limber pine Pinus ponderosa P. & C. Lawson Ponderosa pine Piperia unalaschcensis Rydb. Alaska rein-orchid Plantago major L. Common plantain Poa pratensis L. Kentucky bluegrass Polytrichum spp. Haircap moss Populus balsamifera L. Balsam poplar Populus tremuloides Michx. Trembling aspen Potentilla spp. Cinquefoil Prunella vularis L. Self-heal Pyrola asarifolia Michx. Pink wintergreen Pyrola chlorantha Sw. Green wintergreen Pyrola secunda L. One-sided wintergreen Ranunculus acris L. Meadow buttercup Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir. Black gooseberry Ribes oxyacanthoides L. Northern gooseberry Ribes spp. Currant Ribes triste Pall. Red swamp currant Rosa acicularis Lindl. Prickly rose Rubus idaeus L. Red raspberry Rubus parviflorus Nutt. Thimbleberry Rubus pedatus J.E. Smith Five-leaved bramble Rubus pubescens Raf. Dwarf red blackberry Salix candida Fluegge ex Willd. Sageleaf willow Salix spp. Willow Sambucus caerulea Raf. Blue elderberry
February 2002 AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd.
TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
Latin Name Common Name Schizachne purpurascens (Torr.) Swallen False melic Scutellaria galericulata L. Marsh skullcap Sedum lanceolatum Torr. Lance-leaved stonecrop Senecio integerrimus Nutt. Western groundsel Senecio triangularis Hook. Arrow-leaved groundsel Senecio vulgaris L. Common groundsel Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Soopolallie, buffalo berry Smilacina racemosa (L.) Desf. False Solomon's-seal Smilacina stellata (L.) Desf. Star-flowered false Solomon's-seal Solidago canadensis L. Canada goldenrod Sorbus scopulina Greene Western mountain ash Spiranthes romanzoffiana Cham. & Schlecht. Lady's tresses Spiraea betulifolia Pallas Birch-leaved spirea Stellaria longipes Goldie Long-stalked starwort Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC. Clasping twisted stalk Streptopus roseus Michx. Rosy twisted stalk Streptopus streptopoides (Ledeb.) Frye & Rigg Small twisted stalk Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake Common snowberry Symphoricarpos spp. Snowberry Taraxacum officinale Weber. Common dandelion Taraxacum spp. Dandelion Thalictrum venulosum Trel. Veiny meadowrue Tiarella trifoliata L. Three-leaved foamflower Tiarella unifoliata Hook. Cut-leaved foamflower, three-leaved foamflower Tragopogon dubius Scop. Western goat’s-beard Trifolium aurem Poll. Yellow clover Trifolium hybridum L. Alsike clover Trifolium pratense L. Red clover Trifolium repens L. White clover Trisetum cernuum Trin. Nodding trisetum Trisetum spicatum (L.) Richter Spike trisetum Urtica dioica L. Stinging nettle Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. Ex Hook. Black huckleberry Vaccinium myrtillus L. Low bilberry Vaccinium scoparium Leib. Grouseberry
AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd. February 2002
TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
Latin Name Common Name Veronica americana (Raf.) Schw. American speedwell Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf. High-bush cranberry Vicia americana Muhl. American vetch Viola adunca J.E. Smith Early blue violet Viola canadensis L. Canada violet Viola glabella Nutt. Stream violet Viola orbiculata Geyer ex Hook. Round-leaved violet Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt. Bear-grass
February 2002 AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd.
TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
Table III – 2. Plant Species List for the Tepee Creek Loop
Latin Name Common Name Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine fir Acer glabrum Torr. Rocky Mountain maple Achillea millefolium L. Yarrow Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. Crested wheatgrass Agropyron spp. Wheatgrass Agrostis scabra Willd. Hair bentgrass Alnus tenufolia Nutt. Mountain alder Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. & Hook. Pearly everlasting Antennaria microphylla Rydb. Rosy pussytoes Antennaria neglecta Greene. Field pussytoes Antennaria rosea Greene Rosy pussytoes Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading dogbane Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild sarsaparilla Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng Kinnikinnick Arnica cordifolia Hook. Heart-leaved arnica Aster conspicuus Lindl. Showy aster Athyrium felix-femina (L.) Roth. Lady fern Berberis repens Lindl. Creeping barberry Botrychium virginianum (L) Sw. Rattlesnake fern Bromus inermis Leyss. Smooth brome Calamagrostis rubescens Buckl. Pinegrass Calochortus apiculatus Baker. Three-spot mariposa lily Campanula rotundifolia L. Common harebell Carex disperma Dewey Soft-leaved sedge Carex utriculata Boott Beaked sedge Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook. Snowbrush Centaurea maculosa Lam. Spotted knapweed Cerastium arvense L. Field chickweed Chimaphila umbellata (L.) Bart. Prince's pine Circaea alpina L. Enchanter's-nightshade Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Canada thistle Cirsium vulgare (Savl) Ten. Bull thistle
AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd. February 2002
TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
Latin Name Common Name Clematis spp. Clematis Clintonia uniflora (Schult.) Kunth Queen's cup Corallorhiza maculata Raf. Summer coralroot, spotted coralroot Cornus canadensis L. Bunchberry Cornus stolonifera Michx. Red-osier dogwood Cynoglossum officinale L. Common hound's tongue Dactylis glomerata L. Orchardgrass Delphinium spp. Larkspur Disporum trachycarpum (S. Watts.) B. & H. Rough-fruited fairybells Elymus glaucus Buckl. Blue wildrye Epilobium angustifolium L. Fireweed Equisetum arvense L. Common horsetail Equisetum fluviatile L. Swamp horsetail Equisetum hyemale L. Scouring-rush Equisetum pratense Ehrh. Meadow horsetail Equisetum scirpoides Michx. Dwarf scouring-rush Erigeron spp. Fleabane Erysimum spp. Wallflower Festuca ovina L. Sheep fescue Fragaria virginiana Duchesne. Wild strawberry Galium triflorum Pursh Sweet-scented bedstraw Gentiana spp. Gentian Gentianella amarella (L.) Borner Northern gentian Geocaulon lividum (Richards.) Fern False toad-flax Geum macrophyllum Willd. Large-leaved avens Goodyera oblongifolia Raf. Rattlesnake plantain Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newm. Oak fern Habenaria hyperborea (L.) R. Br. Green-flowered bog-orchid Hedysarum sulphurescens Rydb. Yellow hedysarum Heracleum lanatum Michx. Cow-parsnip Hieracium albiflorum Hook. White hawkweed Hieracium aurantiacum L. Orange hawkweed Hieracium gracile Hook. Slender hawkweed Hieracium pratense (Tausch) Yellow hawkweed Hieracium umbellatum L. Narrow-leaved hawkweed
February 2002 AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd.
TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
Latin Name Common Name Juniperus communis L. Common juniper Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western larch Lathyrus ochroleucus Hook. Creamy peavine Lemna minor L. Common duckweed Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. Oxeye daisy Linaria vulgaris Hill Common toadflax. Linnaea borealis L. Twin flower Listera cordata (L.) R. Br. Heart-leaved twayblade Lonicera involucrata (Richards.) Banks Black twinberry Lupinus spp. Lupine Lycopodium annotinum L. Stiff clubmoss Lycopodium complanatum L. Ground-cedar Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. Tall Oregon-grape Matricaria discoidea DC. Pineapple weed Medicago lupulina L. Black medick Medicago sativa L. Alfalfa Menziesia ferruginea J.E.Smith False azalea Mimulus guttatus DC. Yellow monkey-flower Mitella nuda L. Common mitrewort Moneses uniflora (L.) A. Gray Single delight, one-flowered wintergreen Orthilia secunda (L.) House One sided wintergreen Osmorhiza chilensis Hook. & Arn. Mountain sweet-cicely Pachistima myrsinites (Pursh) Raf. Falsebox Parnassia fimbriata Konig Fringed grass-of-parnassus Peltigera spp. Lichen Phacelia spp. Scorpionweed Picea engelmannii Parry ex engelm. Engelmann spruce Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole pine Plantago major L. Common plantain Pleurozium schreberi (Bird.) Mitt. Schreber's red stem Poa pratensis L. Kentucky bluegrass Polytrichum spp. Haircap moss Populus tremuloides Michx.) Trembling aspen Potentilla spp. Cinquefoil Prunella spp. Self-heal
AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd. February 2002
TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
Latin Name Common Name Pseudophebe minuscula (Nyl. Ex Arnold) Brodo & Lesser rockwool D. Hawksw. Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco Interior Douglas-fir Pyrola asarifolia Michx. Pink wintergreen Pyrola spp. Wintergreen Ranunculus acris L. Meadow buttercup Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir. Black gooseberry Rosa acicularis Lindl. Prickly rose Rubus idaeus L. Red raspberry Rubus parviflorus Nutt. Thimbleberry Rubus pubescens Raf. Dwarf red blackberry Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Wapato Schizachne purpurascens (Torr.) Swallen False melic Senecio integerrimus Nutt. Western groundsel Senecio triangularis Hook. Arrow-leaved groundsel Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Soopolallie Silene menziesii Hook. Menzies's campion Smilacina racemosa (L.) Desf. False Solomon's-seal Smilacina stellata (L.) Desf. Star-flowered false Solomon's-seal Spiraea betulifolia Pallas Birch-leaved spirea Stellaria americana (Porter) Standl. American chickweed Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC. Clasping twisted stalk Symphoricarpos spp. Snowberry Taraxacum laevigatum (Wild.) DC. Red-seeded dandelion Taraxacum officinale Weber. Common dandelion Thalictrum venulosum Trel. Veiny meadowrue Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western red cedar Tragopogon dubius Scop. Western goat’s-beard Trientalis spp. Star flower Trifolium repens L. White clover Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. Western hemlock Urtica dioica L. Stinging nettle Vaccinium caespitosum Michx. Dwarf blueberry Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Hook. Black huckleberry Vaccinium myrtillus L. Low bilberry
February 2002 AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd.
TransCanada Westpath Expansion Project Rare Plant Technical Report
Latin Name Common Name Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm. Oval-leafed blueberry Vaccinium scoparium Leib. Grouseberry Verbascum thapsus L. Great mullein Veronica americana (Raf.) Schw. American speedwell Veronica peregrina L. Purslane speedwell Vicia americana Muhl. American vetch Viola renifolia A. Gray Kidney-leaved violet
AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd. February 2002