Initial Environmental Examination

Document Stage: Final Project Number: 38254

December 2009

India: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (Tranche 2)—Sindhanur Town

Prepared by Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development Finance Corporation

For the Government of Karnataka North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program

The initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

KARNATAKA URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE

DEVELOPMENT & FINANCE CORPORATION

ADB assisted North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (NKUSIP) – BELLARY, Package IV

DETAILED REPORT ON THE OBSERVATIONS OF IEE REPORT FOR SINDHANUR TOWN

KUIDFC 2 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

KUIDFC 3 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

SPAN CONSULTANTS PVT. LTD.

An ISO 9001:2000 Certified Company

[Member of SNC‐Lavalin Group, Canada]

h l d [lRkIf CliP Ld]

KUIDFC 4 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

KUIDFC 5 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and Finance Corporation Government of Karnataka

North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program

Package IV - Bellary

Tranche I Sub-Projects in Sindhanur Town

Initial Environmental Examination

December 2009

Span Consultants Pvt. Ltd

Association with Voyants Solutions Pvt. Ltd (Formerly M/s. Ramky Infra Consulting Pvt. Ltd).

KUIDFC 6 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Currency Equivalent

Currency Unit - Indian Rupee/s Re. 1.00 = US$ 0.022 US$ 1.00 = Rs. 45

Abbreviations

ADB : Asian Development Bank ASP : Activated Sludge Process BM : Bituminous Macadam DoEEF : Department of Ecology, Environment EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment EMP : Environmental Management Plan EP Act : Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 GoI : Government of India GoK : Government of Karnataka GSB : Granular Sub-base IEE : Initial Environmental Examination KSPCB : Karnataka State Pollution Control Board MLD : Million Litre per Day MoEF : Ministry of Environment and Forests MSL : Mean Sea Level MSS : Mix Seal Surface NKUSIP : North Karnataka Urban Sector Project NOC : No Objection Certificate NOx : Oxides of Nitrogen OM : Operations Manual PCC : Profile Concrete Course PWD : Public Works Department SOx : Oxides of Sulphur STP : Sewage Treatment Plant RSPM : Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter TSPM : Total Suspended Particulate Matter WMM : Wet Mix Macadam WRDO : Water Resource Development Organization

KUIDFC 7 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Contents

CHAPTER – I: INTRODUCTION...... 7

1.1. Overview ...... 7 1.2. Environmental Regulatory Compliance ...... 7 1.3. Purpose of Initial Environmental Examination ...... 9 1.4. Scope of IE...... …9

CHAPTER – II: DESCRIPTION OF THE INVESTMENT PROGRAM COMPONENTS...... 10

2.1. NKUSIP Goal ...... ……10 2.2 Need for Infrastructure Improvement in Sindhanur ...... …..12 2.2.1. Karnataka – Health Status ...... 12 2.2.2 Sewerage System ...... 13 2.2.3. Water Supply Rehabilitation ...... 13 2.2.4. Need of project …………………………………………………………...... 18 2.3 Sub-project Component Description...... 18 2.3.1. Sewerage System ...... 18 2.3.2 Water supply……………………………………………………………………………….....22 2.4. Investment Program Implementation Schedule ...... 25 2.5. Investment Program Benefits ...... …..26 2.5.1. Sewerage System Improvements ...... 26 2.5.2 Water supply improvements ……………………………………………………….26 2.6 Investment Program Alternatives...... 27

CHAPTER-III: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 29

3.1. Environmental Profile of Sindhanur ...... 29 3.1.1 Introduction...... 29 3.1.2 Physiography ...... 29 3.1.3 Seismology ...... 29 3.1.4 Climatic Conditions ...... …..2 9 3.1.5 Demography…………………………………………………………………………..31 3.1.6 Sex ratio……………………………………………………………………………….32 3.1.7 Household size……………………………………………………………………….32 3.1.8 Literacy rate…………………………………………………………………………..32 3.1.9 Air Quality………………………………………………………………………...32 3.1.10 Historic & Cultural places…………………………………………………….33 3.2. Environmental Settings of Investment Program Component Sites ...... 3 3 3.2.1 Sewage Treatment Plant Site ...... ……34 .

CHAPTER- IV: SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 35

CHAPTER – V: INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

5.1. Institutional Requirements ...... 45 5.2 Institutional strengthening……………………………………….…… 47 5.2.1 Organisation & Staffing………………………………………………….47 5.2.2 Monitoring & Reporting Procedure……………………………………47 5.2.3 Record keeping…………………………………………………………….47 5.3 Environmental Monitoring Program…………………………………..47

KUIDFC 8 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

5.3.1 Rehabilitation & Resettlement Program……………………………..48 5.3.2 Afforestation………………………………………………………………...48 5.3.3 Soil conservation…………………………………………………………..48 5.3.4 Borrow area conservation …………………………………………… ..48 5.4 Training Needs ...... 51 5.5 Environmental Monitoring Plans ...... 52

CHAPTER – VI: PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

6.1. Overview ...... 58

CHAPTER – VII Finding and Recommendation

7.1. Findings ...... 60 7.2. Recommandations ...... 61

CHAPTER – VIII : CONCLUSIONS ……………………………………………………………..62

KUIDFC 9 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

TABLES

Table: 1 Environmental regulatory compliance of NKUSIP components Table: 2 Water borne diseases in Karnataka Table: 3 Existing sewerage system in Sindhanur Table: 4 Existing water supply scheme Table: 5 Water distribution in Sindhanur town Table: 6 Design flow calculation Table: 7 Design parameter of STP Table: 8 Proposed sewage system Table: 9 Proposed water supply scheme Table: 10 Proposed water demand and distribution system requirement Table: 11 Proposed water supply distribution zone Table: 12 Investment program alternatives Table: 13 Mean Max. & mean min. Temperature of Sindhanur town Table: 14 Climatologically characteristic of Sindhanur Table: 15 Demography of Sindhanur town Table: 16 Percentage distribution of slum population b age and education Table: 17 Screening of impacts Table: 18 Environmental impacts and mitigation measures of sewerage system Table: 19 Environmental impacts and mitigation measures of water supply rehabilitation Table: 20 Institutional roles and responsibilities Table: 21 Training needs Table: 22 Environmental management plan for sewerage system Table: 23 Environmental management plan for water supply rehabilitation Table: 24 public comments and mitigation measures Table: 25 environmental issue of proposed infrastructure components.

Maps

Map: 1 Location map of Sindhanur Town

Fig: 2 Photos of Public Consultation.

KUIDFC 10 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

CHAPTER - I

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Overview

1. The North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (NKUSIP) proposes to improve the environmental quality of the urban areas through better urban infrastructure facilities and thus improve living conditions of the urban people. In the wake of poor infrastructure facilities and services such as water supply, sewerage and sanitation and solid waste management, the risk of infectious diseases through exposure to unhealthy environment runs high, particularly in the case of urban poor. Hence, the proposed Investment Program aims at minimizing or mitigating the risk and ensures the well-being of people.

2 . Though the Investment Program aims to improve the environmental condition of urban areas, the proposed improvements of infrastructure facilities may exert certain adverse impacts on the natural environment. While developing urban infrastructure facilities, impacts during the construction stage are expected to be more severe than impacts during the operation phase, though for a short duration. Exceptions being some facilities such as solid waste landfill, sewage treatment plant, which may also exert adverse impacts during the operation phase also, if due care is not taken. Again, most of the impacts are activity- specific. However, if due care is taken during the construction phase, investment Program negative impacts will be far outweighed by positive impacts

1.2 Environmental Regulatory Compliance

3 The components of NKUSIP includes slum infrastructure such as water supply, sewerage and sanitation, solid waste management and road. Sub-components, which fall under the ambit of environmental regulations and mandatory requirement, are indicated in the following Table

KUIDFC 11 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Table 1 : Environmental Regulatory Compliance of NKUSIP Components

Sub- Applicability of Compliance Criteria Component Acts/Guidelines

All sub- The Environment Policy and • Categorization of sub-project components Operations Manual (OM) 20: components into A, B or C and Environmental Assessment developing required level of Guidelines 2003 environmental assessment for Environmental Considerations in each component ADB Operation

4 The above table indicates that as far as GoI and GoK Acts/Guidelines are concerned, the proposed Investment Programs do not need to go through environmental assessment process;. The ADB guidelines, on the other hand, stipulate addressing environmental concerns, if any, of a proposed activity in the initial stages of Investment Program preparation. For this, the ADB Guidelines categorizes the proposed components into varies categories (A, B or C) to determine the level of environmental assessment required to address the potential impacts. Level of environmental assessment required for each category of Investment Program, as per ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines 2003 is presented below.

(i) Category A. Sub-project components with potential for significant adverse environmental impacts. An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is required to address significant impacts.

(ii) Category B. Sub-project components judged to have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree and/or significance than those for Category A projects. An initial environmental examination (IEE) is required to determine whether significant environmental impacts warranting an EIA are likely. If an EIA is not needed, the IEE is regarded as the final environmental assessment report.

(iii) Category C. Sub-components unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts. No EIA or IEE is required, although environmental implications are still reviewed.

KUIDFC 12 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

1.3 Purpose of Initial Environmental Examination

5 The NKUIDFC Package IV – Bellary covers 25 sub-project towns. To fulfil the ADB’s environmental assessment requirement for sector loans, the environmental assessment of sample sub- project was carried out. Owing to the scale and nature of the proposed infrastructure components and environmental profile of the NKUSIP area in general and the sample sub-project towns in particular, prima facie almost all Investment Program components are unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts.

6 Therefore, as per the ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines, the sub-project components proposed in Sindhanur under NKUSIP are categorized as ‘B’ and an initial environmental examination (IEE) have been carried out.

1.4 Scope of IEE

7 The IEE was based mainly on secondary sources of information and field reconnaissance surveys; no field monitoring (environmental) survey was conducted. Stakeholder consultation was an integral part of the IEE.

1.5 Report Structure

1 This Report is framed with 8 Sections including this Introduction Chapter: 1. Introduction 2. Project Description 3. Environmental Description 4. Screening of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 5. Institutional requirements and Environmental Monitoring Plans 6. Public consultation and Information Disclosure 7. Findings and Recommendations 8. Conclusions

KUIDFC 13 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

CHAPTER – II

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVESTMENT PROGRAM COMPONENTS

2.1 NKUSIP Investment Program Goal

8 The North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (NKUSIP) will finance investment for (i) Environmental Sanitation Infrastructure; (ii) Water supply Infrastructure; (iii) Urban Roads Improvement; (iv) Poverty Alleviation; (v) Non- Municipal Infrastructure; (vi) Institutional Development; and (vii) Investment Program Assistance. The overall development goal of the NKUSIP is to facilitate economic growth in the towns of North Karnataka and bring about urban development through equitable distribution of urban basic services to the citizens that are environmentally sound and operationally sustainable. The development purpose is designed to assist Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) to “promote good urban management, and develop and expand urban infrastructure to increase economic opportunities and to reduce vulnerability to environmental degradation and urban poverty”.

9 Thus the Investment Program goal is to facilitate economic growth in the towns/cities of North Karnataka and bring about urban development though equitable distribution of urban basic services to the citizens that is environmentally sound and operationally sustainable. The following are the urban infrastructure components proposed under the NKUSIP. (i) Urban Drainage; and (ii) Poverty Alleviation;

2.2 Project location 10. Sindhanur, the second largest urban center in Raichur District, is located at a distance of 390 km from State capital, Bangalore and 87 km from District headquarter Raichur. The town is the taluk headquarters of the Sindhanur Taluk in Raichur District. The Town Municipal Council’s jurisdiction extends up to an area of 25.55 Sq. km. with 8,806 households and 61,292 populations within 31 wards. It is one of the important educational, industrial and commercial trade centres of the District. The agricultural development around the town is extensive due to the presence of the Tungabhadra irrigation canal. Owing to the irrigation facilities, agro based industries are also growing at faster rate in and around the town. In addition to this, many small scale steel industries exist in the town. The location map of Sindhanur is presented in MAP 1.

KUIDFC 14 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Map: 2.1 Location map of Sindhanur Town.

KUIDFC 15 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

2.2 Need for Infrastructure Improvement in Sindhanur 11. Sindhanur is rewarded with one of the important educational, administrative and trade canter in Karnataka state. Availability of water in huge amount due to Tungabhadra irrigation canal encourages the Agricultural development in and around the town in extensive. Owing to the irrigation facilities, agro based industries are also growing at faster rate in and around the town In addition to this, many small scale industries exist in the town.

12. Population in the city is on growing. Providing basic amenities to ensure high level of performance in environmental safe guard is quite necessary to ensure long term urban sustainability. A study conducted by Department of Forest , Ecology & Environment, Government of Karnataka, 2003 has shown that the cities in the state of Karnataka has poor environmental performance due to lagging in ensuring basic infrastructure facilities to the urban population.

2.2.1 Karnataka – Health Status 13. Lack of safe and adequate water supply and sanitation facilities leads unhealthy environment which results in the risk of infectious diseases particularly in urban areas. Report which was generated by The State of Environment Report (SOER), 2003, Karnataka, brings out the fact that the lack of safe water supply and sanitation facilities is essentially leading to the health related consequences. The following are important observations of the report.

Table 2.1: Water borne/related Diseases in Karnataka Year Gastroenteriti Cholera Leptospiros Viral Hepatitis Typhoid 1991 17,455 691 74716 - - 659 17 - - 1992 15,262 608 402 14 - - 282 17 - - 1993 16,206 855 42413 - - 678 7 26,047 1 1994 15,932 325 30410 - - 382 0 20,349 0 1995 18,645 396 53238 - - 7,146 1 10,250 0 1996 22,983 377 6576 - - 1,332 6 22,221 12 1997 23,665 361 71410 67 2 1,714 4 3,880 5 1998 23,881 501 4342 1 0 3,824 2 2,435 0 1999 17,743 126 1343 54 2 4,792 2 24,356 1 2000 31,132 265 3543 3 1 3,011 10 27,210 0 2001 23,893 198 3421 68 7 5,438 28 33,346 6 2002 25,218 146 3840 27 0 4,578 15 42,936 2 Source: SOER 2003

14.Hence, it is evident that the lack of safe water supply and sanitation facilities in the State adversely affects health condition of the Population. The following section details the status

KUIDFC 16 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report) of water supply, sanitation and other basic infrastructure facilities in slums in Sindhanur CMC.

Slum Improvement

Table 2.2: Sub projects components under Tranche – II

SI. No. Infrastructure Description Location Components to be built under Tranche II 2 Slums Improvements in water supply Sindanur CMC line, Sewerage system, Roads, Drains, etc.

Existing Infrastructure Facilities in Sindhanur town

2.2.2 Slum 15 In Sindhanur there are 10 Declared Slums And 9 Un declared Slums. The total population in is about 31083, 50.71 % of the total population. This figure being more than 50% is on higher side when compared to that of similar cities. Details of declared and undeclared slums along with the area and resident population are given in the table below:

Table : 2.3 Slums in Sindhanur

Declared \ No of Sl No Name of Slum Ward No Popn. Undeclared Huts

1 Sukalpet\ Janata Colony 21 &22 Declared 407 1629

Near SukalpetTAPMC 2 22 Declared 385 1925 (Harijanawada)

3 Municipal Colony 17 &18 Declared 382 1912

4 Dobi galli 6 Declared 865 3459

5 Mehaboob Colony 17 Un declared 298 904

6 Indira nagar 11 Un declared 344 1635

7 Khadariya Colony 12 Un declared 859 3436

KUIDFC 17 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Declared \ No of Sl No Name of Slum Ward No Popn. Undeclared Huts

8 AK Goplanagar 13 Un declared 328 1312

9 Agasara Oni\Gode Kattor oni 9 Un declared 139 617

10 Badi Base 7 Un declared 128 548

Right side of 3rd Mile camp 11 11 Un declared 255 980 9\2,943

Left side of 3rd Mile camp 12 11 Un declared 375 1601 Survey No 942,982

13 Yelu Ragi Survey No 942,982 27 Un declared 495 1980

14 Rudragowda Nagar (Burnt Area ) 18&19 Un declared 905 3620

15 Lakshmi camp 27 Un declared 256 1024

16 Sundaraiah Camp 25 Un declared 208 981

17 Basavanagar Near APMC 12 Un declared 158 656

18 Janata Colony near Kote Area 21 Un declared 256 1310

19 Harijanawada 22 Un declared 180 881

Total >>> 7423 31083

Source : DPR ( Detail Project report)

16 The physical environment in terms of housing conditions, availability of basic services determines the productivity and consequently the quality of life in urban areas. Majority of the people living in slums do suffer from deprivation especially in basic services and amenities.

17 The study of slums in Sindhanur is to assess the extent of access to basic services. It includes identification of the level of services in slums, opportunity cost incurred by households, mechanisms to overcome the shortfall in service and affordability and determination to pay for improved services. The study was taken to assess the socio-economic profile, access to basic services and identification of the priority for providing for basic services on the basis of the stratified random sample size of 2 % of the city’s slum population.

18 percent of the surveyed population in the working age group of 14-60years in Sindhanur slums is unemployed. 55 percent of the sample population comprises dependents, accounting for a high dependency ratio of 1:1.25

KUIDFC 18 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Table: 2.4 Percentage distribution of sample population by age and occupation

Age Group Non-Workers Agriculture Daily wage Service laborers Business

M F M F M F M F

0 – 6 yrs 4 3 - - - 1 - -

6 – 14 yrs 9 6 - 1 17 1.5 1 -

14 – 25 yrs 4 11 1.5 20 2.5 6 -

25 – 60 yrs 2 15 1.5 - - -

> 60 yrs - 1 - - - - -

Source: CMC

19 Percentage of daily wage laborers was reported very high accounting for 70 % of total workforce. While, remaining workforce is mainly involved in informal business activities. Majority of the working female population was found working as daily wage laborers and a small percentage was found working as domestic workers. Most of the workforce is on daily wage labor which doesn’t provide sufficient remuneration to lift the household above the poverty line.

20 Income levels of households serve as a proxy for their affordability to pay for existing/improved services. Survey results indicate that 80percent of households fall in the below poverty line (BPL) category. Almost half the sample households fall in the Rs. 2500/-5000 monthly income brackets. It is evident that lower and middle-income groups are predominant among the slum population.

21 The following table provides details on availability of basic services in the households of Sindhanur slums based on the sample survey conducted.

KUIDFC 19 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Table : 2.5 Percentage distribution of households by access to Services, tenure

Sr. Access % of Service Description No. Households

WSC 28

1 Water supply Stand posts 65

Pvt vendors 7

2 Sanitation

Public convenience 1

None 99

Dustbins available 14 3 Solid Waste Disposal

Dustbins not present 86

Owners 76 4 Tenure Security

Tenants 24

R.C.C. 85

5 Housing Type Tiled Pucca 6

Tiles Kutcha 9

Source : CMC

22 The percentage of households having access different types of infrastructure reveals satisfactory percentage of service access except for roads among the slum population. However, services lack in quality of service delivery.

(i) Water Supply

23 House Service Connections serve 20 percent of slum households in Sindhanur. Of the remaining households, 71 percent depend on stand posts and 9 percent avail water from bore/open well all the households with HSC supply have unmetred connection.

KUIDFC 20 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

(ii) Sewerage and Sanitation

24 Sindhanur has no underground drainage system (UGD) access to safe sanitation. And sample households 99% practice open defecation, adults using nearby fields and children, roadside drains. Women especially, are most inconvenienced by the lack of sanitation facilities. Field visits to slums revealed that there is a lack of space for individual toilets in most slums in Sindhanur, which are densely built-up

25 Slum households in Sindhanur, especially woman-headed families expressed a preference for individual LCS system over public conveniences, as the latter are ill-maintained even after paying 0.50 paise per use. The poorest/BPL households were hesitant to express the need for sanitation but expressed willingness to adopt any affordable system that can be used with minimum expenditure. For the poorest households, the demand for sanitation lags behind demand for water.

Key Issues:

The key issues emerging from the survey are:

(i) Inadequate safe disposal facilities, translating into the practice of open defecation by a majority of households,

(ii) Blocking of roadside/storm drains due to disposal of night soil in the same,

(iii) Health and hygiene and environmental implications of the absence of a safe disposal system, and

(iv)Inability of the poorest households to bear capital costs, which will have implications for tariff and subsidy design.

(iii) Solid Waste Management 26 Survey results indicate that none of the sample slums have dustbin facilities. Solid waste is disposed outside the houses, into roadside drains or in any open space in the slum. There is no regular cleaning of disposed waste by the CC, creating an unhygienic environment. Women are primarily responsible for households’ solid waste disposal.

Analysis of affordability to Pay for Basic Services

27 Slum households in Sindhanur expressed their awareness of the fact that unhygienic conditions are conducive to the spread of diseases. However, none of the sample slum households expressed willingness to pay for regular cleaning of solid waste.

KUIDFC 21 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Key Issues:

The key issues emerging from the Baseline Survey are:

(iv) Absence of dustbin facilities in all slums,

(v) Lack of regular collection of disposed waste, and

(vi) Blocking of roadside drains, improper disposal and irregular collection, and health and hygiene implications, animal nuisance, and implications on surrounding environment.

Prospective Interventions

28 Provision of dustbins in slums, their proper sitting and improved collection efficiency will be the priorities for the sector. In addition, awareness generation among slum households on the benefits of community-managed services may be useful measures to improve the situation.

(iv) Roads and Drainage, Traffic and Transport

29 The approach roads to a majority of slums are narrow, kutcha mud tracks and lack vehicle accessibility. Open drains, predominantly unlined and uncovered are often clogged by kitchen waste and solid waste. Flooding during monsoons is a regular feature in all the slums visited. In a few slums, residents have made pits to collect excess water to avoid flooding of properties. Residents continue to dump sullage and solid waste into these drains as they lack access to other alternatives like dustbins, UGD etc. Several slums are located beside drains where sewage from other parts of the city flows.

Analysis of affordability to Pay for Basic Services

30 Most sample slum households in Sindhanur expressed the need for all weather approach roads to slums and internal roads with proper drainage facilities. However, none of the respondents indicated willingness to contribute towards these improvements.

Key Issues

The key issues emerging from the survey are:

(i) Lack of proper roadside drains,

(ii) Poor condition of approach roads due to lack of regular maintenance and absence of road side drains, and

(iii) Blocking of roadside drains due to disposal of solid waste and night soil in them.

KUIDFC 22 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Proposed Improvement in Basic Infrastructures Of Sindhanur Town

2.3 Sub-project Component Description 2.3.1 Slum Improvement 31 Sindhanur town is not covered under the Nirmal Jyothi Scheme of Government of Karnataka, which provides service infrastructure for water supply, sanitation, drainage, roads etc. in slums. Hence, under North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Project (NKUSIP), it is proposed to provide basic infrastructure services in slums in the town. Karnataka Slum Clearance Board (KSCB) will remain the main authority for implementation of proposed interventions under NKUSIP.

Karnataka Slum Clearance Board (KSCB) could play a pivotal role in providing water supply, sewerage system, proper access roads and internal roads to slums. In addition, cross drainage works will need to be provided, particularly in areas facing chronic flooding.

Poverty Alleviation programme under NKUSIP

32 Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development & Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) is the nodal executing agency (EA) responsible for implementing NKUSIP. KUIDFC is a fully owned GoK company incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956.Karnataka Slum Clearance Board (KSCB); and the city municipal council will implement the poverty alleviation component.

33. Slum up-gradation costs in Sindhanur based on available information on NJS and infrastructure requirement identified under NKUIDP is as follows. The total investment for the up- gradation of slum infrastructure in the project town is Rs.263.00lakhs.

. Table : 7 total investment for up gradation of slum infrastructure

Sl. Item Amount in No. lakhs

1 Water Supply 22.00

2 Sewerage system 32.00

3 Roads & Culverts 67.00

4 Storm Water Drains 40.00

5 Community Toilets 46.80

6 Street Lighting 2.20

Community Development Programme Community development 7 activities Information Education and Communication activities 52.80 CENA activities

KUIDFC 23 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Sl. Item Amount in No. lakhs

Total 263.00

As per clip report the total funds allotted is Rs.263lakhs out of which Rs210.20 is for the components of water supply, sewerage, roads culvert, street lighting, storm water drains, etc., and Rs.52.80lakhs for community development activities.

Proposal of Works

34 A high level meeting was held on 30rth March’09 with the Officers of the Karnataka Slum Clearance Board for discussing and obtaining the approval to the Concept Report prepared and submitted. During the meeting it was decided that instead of utilizing the funds available in small amounts in all the slums, it is advisable to concentrate in a few identified slums. In order to utilize the funds now available under NKUSIP in an effective manner and avoid stretching of the resources it has been decided to undertake works in needy slums, mutually agreed, and make the infrastructure therein most satisfactory. Based on this works are only being proposed in 4 slums out of 19 no of slums in Sindhanur. The identified slums for taking up the works are as follows. Land use map showing the identified slums are presented in Drg -01.

1) SukalPet Janata Colony ( 104 Houses)

2) Janatha Colony ( TAPMC)

3) Dhobhi Galli slum and

4) Ganganagara Slum 35 KSCB has identified 4 slums for up-gradation of basic infrastructure such as water supply, sewerage system, roads storm water drains, street lights, and community toilet etc, under this NKUSIP.

1) SukalPet Janata Colony ( 104 Houses)

36 This slum is situated in eastern side of the of town, having population of 1629 spreads over an area of 2.5 acres. In order to improve the infrastructure in addition to the existing facilities the following components have been considered in the preparation of DPR.

Water supply; there is piped water supply system covering part of the slum area by CMC. Most of the dwellers fetch water from stand posts with single tap without proper platform. Pipe line is

KUIDFC 24 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report) not covering the entire slum area, so it proposed to lay distribution pipes for a length of 620mts in this area including replacement of old and damaged lines along with 5 no of public stand posts.

Under ground drainage system ; since under ground drainage system is not in place entire area is covered in this project.

Roads; cement concrete roads are proposed where mud roads exist with varying width from 3.5m to 4.5mts for a length of 500 mts so as to maintain uniformity over entire slum.

Storm water drains; two different sections of CC drains are proposed on both sides of the road, based on catchments and road width in order to drain storm water effectively from low lying areas through the drain and finally connecting to the main storm channel passing near by. It is proposed to construct drains for a length of 780 mts.

Street lights; as there is no proper illumination in the interior portion of the slum, it is proposed to fix up 12 no solar streets lights are proposed.

Community Toilet: as there is no community toilet, open defecation is in practice. One community toilet is proposed in this project. Dwellers are ready to manage the Operation and Maintenance with self health group which in the slum.

2) Janata Colony (TAPMC)

This slum is situated in central part of the town, having population of 1925 spreads over an area of 6.8 acres. In order to improve the infrastructure in addition to the existing facilities the following components have been considered in the preparation of DPR.

Water supply; there is piped water supply system covering part of the slum area by CMC. Most of the dwellers fetch water from stand posts with single tap without proper platform. Pipe line is not covering the entire slum area, so it proposed to lay distribution pipes for a length of 450 mts in this area including replacement of old and damaged lines along with 6 no of public stand posts.

Under ground drainage system ; since under ground drainage system is not in place entire area is covered in this project.

Roads; cement concrete roads are proposed where mud roads exist with varying width from 3.5m to 4.5mts for a length of 475 mts so as to maintain uniformity over entire slum.

Storm water drains; two different sections of CC drains are proposed on both sides of the road, based on catchments and road width in order to drain storm water effectively from low lying areas through the drain and finally connecting to the main storm channel passing near by. It is proposed to construct drains for a length of 1200 mts.

Street lights; as there is no proper illumination in the interior portion of the slum, it is proposed to fix up 10 no solar street lights are proposed.

Community Toilet: as there is one community toilet under construction, open defecation is in practice.

KUIDFC 25 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

3) Dhobhi galli Slum

37 This slum is situated in central part of the town, having population of 3439 spreads over an area of 4.2 acres. In order to improve the infrastructure in addition to the existing facilities the following components have been considered in the preparation of DPR.

Water supply; there is piped water supply system covering part of the slum area by CMC. Most of the dwellers fetch water from stand posts with single tap without proper platform. Pipe line is not covering the entire slum area, so it proposed to lay distribution pipes for a length of 150 mts in this area including replacement of old and damaged lines along with 2 no of public stand posts.

Under ground drainage system; since under ground drainage system is not in place entire area is covered in this project.

Roads; cement concrete roads are proposed where mud roads exist with varying width from 3.5m to 4.5mts for a length of 150mts so as to maintain uniformity over entire slum.

Storm water drains; two different sections of CC drains are proposed on both sides of the road, based on catchments and road width in order to drain storm water effectively from low lying areas through the drain and finally connecting to the main storm channel passing near by. It is proposed to construct drains for a length of 170 mts.

Street lights; as there is no proper illumination in the interior portion of the slum, it is proposed to fix up 2 no solar street lights are proposed.

Community Toilet: as there is one community toilet under utilization. There is no proposal in this project.

4) Ganganagar Slum

38 This slum is situated in central part of the town, having population of 700 spreads over an area of 5 acres. In order to improve the infrastructure in addition to the existing facilities the following components have been considered in the preparation of DPR.

Water supply; there is piped water supply system covering part of the slum area by CMC. Most of the dwellers fetch water from stand posts with single tap without proper platform. Pipe line is not covering the entire slum area, so it proposed to lay distribution pipes for a length of 600 mts in this area including replacement of old and damaged lines along with 8 no of public stand posts.

Under ground drainage system; since under ground drainage system is not in place entire area is covered in this project.

Roads; cement concrete roads are proposed where mud roads exist with varying width from 3.5m to 4.5mts for a length of 840 mts so as to maintain uniformity over entire slum.

KUIDFC 26 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Storm water drains; two different sections of CC drains are proposed on both sides of the road, based on catchments and road width in order to drain storm water effectively from low lying areas through the drain and finally connecting to the main storm channel passing near by. It is proposed to construct drains for a length of 700 mts.

Street lights; as there is no proper illumination in the interior portion of the slum, it is proposed to fix up 10 no solar street lights are proposed.

2.4 Investment Program Implementation Schedule 39 The Investment Program is to be implemented over an six-year period, commencing in FY 2009-10 and civil works construction starting in FY 2009-10. Completion is scheduled by end FY 2015-16

2.5 Investment Program Benefits 40 In view of the lack of basic infrastructure facilities and its adverse impacts on the environment and also on socio-economic characteristics, the proposed Investment Program aims at providing infrastructure facilities such as adequate and safe water supply and sanitation facilities, to overcome negative environmental impacts. Investment Program benefits and beneficiaries in the Sindhanur are provided below.

2.5.1 Sewerage System Improvements

41 Benefits arising from the provision of a well reticulated sewerage network and safe treatment and disposal of sewage comprise

I. Reduced incidence of water-borne diseases; II. Improvement in public health conditions and environmental aesthetic condition; III. Reduction in risks of ground water contamination; IV. Stoppage of sewage flow in open storm water drains and consequent health hazards resulting from stagnating sewage pools; V. Reduced risk of treated water supply contamination; VI. Reduced risk of contamination of agricultural fields; and (viii) availability of treated effluent for agricultural purposes. VII. Improving living condition of Peoples.

KUIDFC 27 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

2.6 Investment Program Alternatives

42 The environmental suitability of the proposed components are judged through the selected location and proposed process/technology during both the construction and operation phases. The interaction and the level of interference with the surrounding land use determine the environmental sustainability of the Investment Program components. However, the components proposed under NKUSIP are basic urban infrastructure services, most of which are location fixed providing scope for alternatives only in terms of technology, which again are limited. However, facilities such as sewage treatment plants offer variety of technologies. The following table shows environmental suitability of the selected alternatives.

KUIDFC 28 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

CHAPTER - III

DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

3.1 Environmental Profile of Sindhanur

3.1.1 Introduction 43 Sindhanur, the second largest urban center in Raichur District, is located at a distance of 390 km from State capital, Bangalore and 87 km from District headquarter Raichur. The town is the taluk headquarters of the Sindhanur Taluk in Raichur District. The Town Municipal Council’s jurisdiction extends up to an area of 25.55 Sq.km with 8,806 households and 61,292 populations within 31 wards. It is one of the important educational, industrial and commercial trade centres of the District. The agricultural development around the town is extensive due to the presence of the Tungabhadra irrigation canal. Owing to the irrigation facilities, agro based industries are also growing at faster rate in and around the town. In addition to this, many small scale steel industries exist in the town.

3.1.2 Physiography

44 The whole area of Sindhanur is sloping towards Northern side. Sindhanur nalla is running in the middle of the town. The surface soil is composed of murrum soil and black soil mixed with granite boulders. The main minerals in the district are gold, copper, iron, feldspar granite, sandstone, quartz, limestone etc.

3.1.3 Seismology

45 As per the seismic zoning map of India, the Sindhanur town falls under the Zone II, which is the lowest earth quake risk zone in India. This zone is termed as “low damage risk zone”.

3.1.4 Climatic Conditions

46 The town is categorized as arid region of the state of Karnataka. The climate of the town is characterized by dry weather during the major parts of the year and very hot in summer temperatures are experienced during the months of March to May when mercury level goes as high as 41.10 C.

KUIDFC 29 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

47 The town receives southwest monsoon during the period of June to September and the months of October and November can be termed as post monsoon period. The period between Decembers to February can be classified as cold season and the minimum temperature is around 17.7 0 C. The town lies in the dry tract of the district, as such experience scanty rainfall. The average annual rainfall is about 600 mm. The rainfall is mostly received during June to November and about 60 percent of the annual rainfall is received during the months of June to September, maximum rainfall is registered during the month of August.

Table 3.1: Mean Maximum and Mean Minimum Temperature (in o C) Month Long term normal (30 Years) – Mean 2004 (Actual) – Mean Daily Max Daily Min Highest in Lowest in a Max Min a month month dail Daily y Jan 31.7 20.3 31.4 14.2 31.4 16.9 Feb 33.6 19.6 35.7 15.9 35.9 19.2 Mar 35.4 22.3 37.8 18.1 39.7 21.8 April 38.8 23.5 41.4 21.8 39.5 26.0 May 39.1 25.8 41.1 21.6 37.3 24.9 June 34.7 25.2 36.4 20.4 34.5 24.5 0 July 35.3 24.4 34.7 21.9 33.5 23.7 Aug 31.3 22.5 34.0 20.7 31.7 24.3 Sep 30.7 23.0 33.9 19.6 32.2 21.5 Oct 30.5 22.3 33.0 19.4 32.1 22.3 0 Nov 30.2 20.6 32.7 18.2 -- -- Dec 29.7 17.2 31.9 14.4 -- -- Source: Meteorological Centre, Bangalore

KUIDFC 30 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Table 3.2: Climatological Characteristics of Sindhanur Month Long term normal (30 Years) – 2004 – Actual Mean RH Max RH Min Wind Total Mean RH Mean RH Total Speed Rainfall 0830 Hrs 1730 Hrs Rainfall % % Kmph Mm % % Mm Jan 72 38 4.9 0.4 69 39 0.0 Feb 60 31 5.6 0.7 53 31 0.0 Mar 53 27 5.9 3.3 48 25 0.0 April 56 30 6.7 25.4 57 35 71.0 May 64 37 10.3 63 71 47 34.0 June 71 53 13.4 52.2 70 53 40.0 July 76 62 14.1 55.6 71 55 1.8 Aug 76 61 13.5 50.7 67 54 0.7 Sep 77 57 11.1 124.4 77 61 60.0 Oct 75 56 5.6 109.8 77 63 5.0 Nov 72 50 4.8 30 ------Dec 74 45 4.4 13.7 ------Source: Meteorological Centre, Bangalore 3.1.5. Demography

Table: 3.3 Demography of the Sindhanur town

Particular Details

Geographical area 25.55 Sq.km

District Raichur

Grade of Municipality Grade-II

Initial year of functioning 2007

Number of wards (2007) 31

Total population (2001) 61,292

Number of house holds (2001) 8,806

Number of Slum /households / population (2007) 19 / 7623 / 31083

Sex Ratio (2001) 840

Literacy Rate in %(2001) 67.42%

Source: DPR (Detail Project Report)

KUIDFC 31 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

3.1.6. Sex Ratio: The average sex ratio is 677 females per 1000 males in slums, with a standard deviation of 30.31, showing large variation among sample House holds.

3.1.7. Household Size: an average household size of 5.2 in Sindhanur slums, with a standard deviation of 1.63 for the sample households. This figure is much lower than the average household size of in authorized slums in Sindhanur as per Census 2001.

3.1.8Literacy rate Literacy levels in Sindhanur slums are low, with 28 percent female literacy among the sample slum population, which is lower than male literacy at 72 percent. Total literacy level of 53 percent for sample slum households was lower than the Census 2001 figure) for Sindhanur Town. Education concern about 88 % male and 55 % female children in the age group of 6-14 has enrolment in primary schools.

Table 3.4: Percentage distribution of slum population by age and education.

Illiterate Primary Secondary Graduate Age Group M F M F M F M F

0-6 Years 2.5 1 - 2.5 - - - -

6-14 Years 0.5 2.5 8.5 3.8 3 2 - -

14-25Years 6.5 6 8.7 1,5 5 3.5 - -

25-60Years 11 15 7.8 1.2 9 3.5 1 -

>6 0Years - 1 - - - 1.5 - -

Source : DPR ( Detail Project report)

The reasons for high drop out rates in poor households in developing countries have been studied at length (generally attributed to the trade off between income versus education)

3.1.9 Air Quality

Sindhanur is known for one of the important sector in paddy field. In Sindhanur agriculture is the main source for their livelihood due to presence of water in huge quantity, industries like saw mills exist in this town. There are no any major industries present in Sindhanur which resulted generation of air pollutant in the atmosphere in maximum limit, air quality in this town experienced

KUIDFC 32 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report) well within the permissible limit and do not have any adverse effect on environment.

3.1.10 Historic and Cultural Places

48 The District of Raichur was part of Hyderabad State till the reorganization of states on 15th November 1956. The recorded history of the district is traced as far as third century BC. The fact that three minor rock edicts of Ashoka are found in this district, one at Maski in Lingasugur Taluk and other two near Sindhanur prove that, this area was included in the dominion of the great Mouryan King Ashoka (273 236 BC). During the period this region was under the Governance of Viceroy or Mahamantri of Ashoka. The next dynasty of importance, which ruled over this region, was that of the Chalukyas of Badami. Later Chalukyas of Kalyana ruled this region for a significant period between 10th and 12th centuries AD. After the fall of Chalukyas, Raichur region passed into the hands of the Kalachudi Kings. Legend says that, Vijayanagar King Krishnadevaraya had created the town between 1509 and 1520 A.D. Later the Sultan of Bijapur, Hyder Ali of Mysore, Nizam of Hyderabad and the British ruled this region. Subsequently, the town becomes part of the Madras Presidency in British India.

KUIDFC 33 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Chapter - IV

SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

4 9 Potential environmental impacts of the proposed infrastructure components are presented in this section. Mitigation measures to minimize/mitigate negative impacts, if any, are recommended along with the agency responsible for implementation. Monitoring actions to be conducted during the implementation phase is also recommended to reduce the impact.

50 Screening of potential environmental impacts is categorized into four categories considering Investment Program phases: location impacts and design impacts (pre construction phase), construction phase impacts and operations and maintenance phase impacts.

(i) Location impacts include impacts associated with site selection, and include loss of on-site biophysical array and encroachment either directly or indirectly on adjacent environments. It also includes impacts on people who will lose their livelihood or any other structures by the development of that site.

(ii) Design impacts include impacts arising from project design, including technology used, scale of operation/throughput, waste production, discharge specifications, pollution sources and ancillary services.

(iii) Construction impacts include impacts caused by site clearing, earthworks, machinery, vehicles and workers. Construction site impacts include erosion, dust, noise, traffic congestion and waste production.

(iv) O & M impacts include impacts arising from the operation and maintenance activities of the infrastructure facility. These include routine management of operational waste streams, and occupational health and safety issues.

51 Screening of environmental impacts has been based on the impact magnitude (negligible/moderate/severe – in the order of increasing degree) and impact duration (temporary/permanent). Table -4.1 shows the screening of impacts; N/T represents the lowest impact while S/P represents the highest impact. Numerator represents the Degree of Impact and denominator represents the Duration of impact.

Table 4.1: Screening of Impacts - Duration of Impact Magnitude (Degree of Impact) Negligible(N) Moderate(M) Severe(S) Temporary(T) N/T M/T S/T Permanent (P) N/P M/P S/P

KUIDFC 34 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Table 4.2: Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures of Slums – Water Supply system Impact Description Significance of the Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary

Location and Design impacts MP Identify and consult all downstream ULB Part of O & M Water use conflict may occur with users’ sufficient water for them to cost. downstream users. Particularly in continue existing water dependent

dry season month. activities. Negotiate agreements with user and the appropriate regulatory agencies and establish controls to ensure that water is not abstracted of agreed volumes. Also, road side water tank (syntax tank) shall be provided to have continuous water supply.

KUIDFC 35 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

The increase in water supply will MP Improved sanitation facilities to Part of O & M increase waste water levels. accommodate increase in water use cost. ULB including twin latrines, public toilets

etc.,

Improved sanitation system to Increased waste water caused by accommodate increased water supply Part of O & M the increased in water supply MP ULB including new toilets, septic tank, cost. Since the location of rehabilitation cleaning services and sludge drying

work will be at existing facilities, beds. N/a and the existing environment is a N/a built environment, no design- N/a N/a specific impacts are envisaged

KUIDFC 36 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Construction Impacts Impacts to livelihood M/T Will compensate any business loses as Head Contractor/ULB Preparation The laying of water line will per the Resettlement Framewor. and disturb the day to day activities of While laying water line through narrow implementation public such as shops, residence and streets and thick commercial of site also leads to un safety condition to establishments, the work will be management them. planned to complete in short duration plan. and care will be taken to avoid excavation of the entire road stretch in these areas.

Road blocking due to laying of N/T Construction material shall be Head Contractor/ULB Part of water supply network and Proposed network will be laid in stockpiled to minimize traffic construction increased traffic flow due to the presently un-served fringe blockages. costs vehicle movement for construction and extension areas. As these activities; inconvenience areas are not densely populated Poor performance of the contractor to the local community. impacts due to construction may potentially exacerbate these activities may not be significant. impacts and therefore qualified

KUIDFC 37 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Dust and noise from construction M/T Frequent water sprinkling program Head Part of Activities. Due to dry climatic condition the will undertake to suppress the dust. Contractor/CMC construction dust generation may be costs Considerable. No major

noise generating activities

envisaged.

Part of Waste soil and imported sand mayN/T Remove waste quickly, cover spray Head Contractor/ULB create dust impacting air quality stock piles, sprinkling of water to avoid construction

dust pollution, only bring sand ( for costs

backfill) to site when needed

People will be inconvenienced and N/T Plan work program to keep shutdown their health may be at risk if water Head contractor / CMC Part of to minimum, provide alternative water supply system is shut down for to affected residents inform construction long period communities to any shutdown in costs advance.

KUIDFC 38 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Impact Description Significance of the Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary Loss of forest trees and vegetation MT Avoid tree cutting to extend possible and Contractor Part of plant 25 sampling for every tree cut. construction cost.

Construction activities to avoid steep .Part of Impact on topography and slope Contractor slopes and landside prone areas. construction cost. stability Contractor Excessive excavated materials to be Part of Disposal of excavated material MT disposed at designated place. construction cost.

Environmental impacts from MT Where sites/camps are set up, the Contractor Part of construction workers camp contractor will see that proper sanitation ( construction cost.

toilets, solid waste management) systems

are in place: potable drinking water provided: kerosene to be provided at

reduced rate for cooking: gambling, liquor and illicit relationship banned, contractor will be required ( as per his contract) to ensure clean up of site back to original pre project condition.

KUIDFC 39 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Trenching could damage otherMT Confirm location of infrastructure to avoid Contractor Part of infrastructure these sites. construction cost.

Shops may lose income if Compensate business for lost income (as Part of customers access is impeded MT Contractor per Resettlement framework). Leave construction cost.

spaces for access between mounds of soil.

Private bridges to allow people & vehicles

to cross trench. Increase workforce in these

areas to finish work quickly, inform

shopkeepers of work in advance.

KUIDFC 40 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Sites of social / cultural importanceMT dentify building at risk from vibration Contractor Part of (school, hospitals, temples, tourism damage and avoid using pneumatic drills or construction cost.

sites) may be disturbed by noise, heavy vehicles nearby, remove waste

dust vibration and impeded access quickly , cover / spray stockpiles, import sand only when needed, cover soil sand on

trucks, increase workforce to finish work

quickly. Use bridges to allow access ( peoples/ vehicles). Consult relevant

authorities, custodians of buildings, local

people to address issues and avoid work at sensitive times. No construction at night

and early morning hours. Public to be

notified of any loud noise and vibration.

Prepare and implement a site Health and Part of Workers and the public are at risk Safety plan that include measures to : Contractor MT construction cost. from accidents on site . Exclude the public from all construction

sites. Ensure that workers use personal

protective equipment. Provide Health &

Safety training for all personnel: follow

documented procedures for all site

activities: and keep accident reports and

Economic benefits if local people records. Head Part of construction cost. are employed in contractor MP Provide employment to local particularly Contractor/ULB workforce affected person identified in resettlement

KUIDFC 41 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

O& M Impacts Occupational health and safety of M/T Provide provision for safety measures in contractor Part on workers and locals design stage. Training of workers on construction Risk of contaminated water in M/S Prepare and operate H & S plan with Contractor Part of the distribution system. same measures in design stage. Training construction of workers on safety measures to be Costs taken. Inadequate disposal of sludge M/P Safe sludge handling methods shall be Contractor Part of treatment plants will cause employed – personnel protection construction nuisance to public health equipment such as gloves, boots shall be Costs

provided. Any sludge produced will be

delivered to the sludge drying beds via

open bed trucks covered with tarpaulin.

Testing of sludge for contaminants will

be done by government laboratories. If

sludge found to contain alum other or

other contaminates after testing, it can be

land filled.

KUIDFC 42 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Table 4.3: Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures of Slums - Sewerage & Sanitation works Impact Description Significance of the Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary

Pollution and health M/P Safe sludge handling methods shall ULB Part of O & hazards due to improper sludge be employed - Personal protection M costs disposal Quantity of sludge generation will be equipment such as gloves, boots, methods considerable. Contaminated work area may shall be provided. Sludge shall be cause health hazards. dried in drying beds before its disposal. This sludge may be used as manure for non- food crops or land filled. Mixing of non-municipal N/P Wastewater from industries shall KSPCB N/a. wastewater may interfere with the Possibility of mixing of industrial effluent not be allowed to enter the sewers. treatment process. is very low as there are no industries in the In case of discharges into sewers sewerage zones with problematic the effluent shall confirm to the discharges. CPCB/KSPCB standards:

• BOD < 350 mg/l • pH – 5.5 – 9.0 • Suspended solids < 600 mg/l • Arsenic(as As). <0.2 • Mercury (As Hg), mg/l, max.0.01 • Lead (as Pb) mg/l, max 1.0 • Cadmium (as Cd) mg/l, max 1.0 • Copper (as Cu)mg/l, max. 3.0

KUIDFC 43 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Impacts due to illegal M/P Illegal tapping of sewage from ULB Part of O & tapping of sewage for irrigation Trunk sewers traverse agricultural fields. the sewer lines shall not be M costs purpose from trunk sewers: Illegal tapping was observed. Probable allowed. Regular maintenance . contamination of agricultural lands and and constant check would reduce groundwater; potential hazards due to the problem. entering of contaminants into food chain. Impact on the working condition of the STP due to reduced inflow

Nuisance and pollution of M/P Regular maintenance will nullify ULB Part of O & ground/surface water due to Irrigation canals traverse the town and the the impact. M costs over flowing/choking of sewers. groundwater depth is shallow in the northern part of the town

Human health risks and MT Sewer leaks shall be detected and ULB Part of O & M contamination of soil and repaired rapidly and effectively costs groundwater due to leaking sewers

KUIDFC 44 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Impact on business income ifMP Spaces shall be left for accessULB Part of O & M customer’s access is impeded by between mounds of soil. costs network repair works • Planks shall be provided to allow Discharge of hazardous materials ST people & vehicles to cross trench. into sewers, resulting in damage to • Workforce shall be increased in sewer system and danger to these areas to finish work quickly. Workers. Mixing of Industrial • Shopkeepers will be informed of Waste water with sewage. work in advance

Wherever level permits, sewer line M/P The rules and regulation will be KSPCB & ULB Part of O & M proposed in slum area shall be Treatment process in the Septic tank will be strictly implemented to avoid costs connected to the proposed sewer significantly affected Health risk to the mixing of industrial waste

line for city and if the level is not sewer workers due to toxic effluent and stream/hazardous waste with permitted, those areas shall be gases. sewage in sewer system. connected to the proposed community toilets which will be Sludge will be dried and tested for ULB Part of O & M connected to the septic tank. The absence of bacteria and pathogens costs sludge settled in Septic tank shall Dried sludge will be sold to farmers

be periodically removed. to fertilize land along with the STP sludge.

KUIDFC 45 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Economic benefits to local people MP Periodic monitoring of treated ULB Part of by Project effluent will be carried out. A water Construction

quality-testing laboratory will be and operation

provided. Cost Discharge of insufficiently treated M/T Part of O &M wastewater to water H&S Plan shall be prepared and ULB costs operated with same measures as used in construction phase

KUIDFC 46 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Table 4.4 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures of Slums - Roads Up gradation Impact Description Significance of the Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary

Location Impacts No location impacts are envisaged as the N/a. N/a. N/a. N/a. Proposed activities do not encroach into any sensitive land uses nor does it involve any land acquisition.

Design Impacts Acquisition of land/structure is not N/a. N/a. N/a. N/a. envisaged. No trees will be cut as part of the Investment Program. Construction Impacts Disturbance to informal commercial N/T Temporary relocation of ULB As part of RP activities during construction. No Hawkers and vendors were hawkers costs observed. A detailed survey will be and vendors; followed by conducted at the design stage to identify reinstatement of original hawkers and vendors premises when the work is completed. Disturbance due to construction activities N/T N/a N/a N/a Road block and increase in traffic on the Low levels of traffic was observed alternative routes and traffic congestion in the slums on the proposed roads

KUIDFC 47 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Nuisance due to noise. M/T Noise limits for construction Head Contractor N/a. Proposed roads pass through slum areas equipments such as (residential area). compactors, rollers shall not exceed 75 dB(A), as specified by CPCB. High noise generating activities, if any, shall not be carried out during the nights.

Dust nuisance. M/T Dust suppression activities Head Contractor Part of Proposed roads pass through such as water sprinkling shall constructio residential areas. Due to dry be employed. n costs weather condition dust nuisance may be considerable. Public and worker safety N/T Provide caution and Head Contractor Part of signboards. /CMC constructio n costs Personal protection equipment such as gloves, boots, shall be provided to the workers.

KUIDFC 48 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Table 4.5 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures of Drainage Upgradation Impact Description Significance of Mitigation Measures Implementatio Preliminary the Impact n Costing Location Impacts No location impacts are N/a. N/a. N/a. N/a. envisaged asthe proposed activities are carried out within the existing set-up.

Design Impacts N/a. N/a. No loss or encroachment of N/a. N/a. CMC Area N/a. cultural or historical properties is envisaged.

Construction Impacts

Impact to “ livelihoods due to will compensate any business losses as per the disruption during construction” resettlement framework.

“ the construction of drains will And maintain assess to business (shops) people by disturb the day to day activities of providing planks/ makeshifts pathways etc. while lying public such as shops, residence sewers through narrow street and thick commercial and also lead to un safety establishment the work will be planned to complete in condition to them short duration and care will be taken to avoid excavation of the entire road stretch in these areas. Construction Head contractor Part of M/T material shall be stockpiled. Adequate arrangement for construction traffic diversion including erection of proper sign boards. costs Exposure of workers to Dust shall be suppressed by frequently sprinkling water. contaminated soil during desilting Reputed standard make equipment shall be used and exactions complied with standard stipulated by PCB to ensure noise well within the limit. High noise making activity will be restricted in day time only. Poor performance of the contractor may potentially exacerbate these impacts and therefore qualified contractors to be appointed. The contracted work includes the implementation of construction site management plan

KUIDFC 49 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Disturbance to traffic due to M/T Construction material shall be Head contractor N/a. storage of construction Stockpiled to minimize traffic blockages. material/waste and material transport vehicles and other equipment. Nuisance due to noise N/T N/a. N/a. N/a. Dust nuisance. M/T Dust suppression activities such as water sprinkling Head contractor Partof shall be employed. Frequent vehicle maintaince shall constructio Due to dry undertake to ensure smooth movement of vehicles to n costs weather avoid any noise, smoke pollution. conditions of no soil spill during transportation of soil at construction site to curb to curb the increased dust emission due to the Area, the vehicular movement. Daily inspection at construction dust generated site shall be carried out to ensure removal of due to the construction debris. construction dust sealed truck shall be used for transportation of activity may be earth. significant.

Excavation of trenches will MP Contractor Part of Find beneficial uses for waste soil in construction, land produce large amounts of waste construction raising and infilling of excavated areas. soil cost. Keep soil, vehicles, machinery off road when possible Traffic may be disrupted by soil and vehicle on road MT If work will affect road, conduct when traffic is light. Contractor Part of construction Ensure police provide warning sign / diversion if needed. cost. Impacts due to disposal of N/T N/a. N/a. N/a. contaminated silt

Pollution and silt loading of water N/T N/a. N/a. N/a. bodies Public and worker safety N/T N/a. N/a. N/a.

KUIDFC 50 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Excavation could damage other S/P Determine location of water pipes, electricity pylons etc Design infrastructure and design scheme to avoid damage. consultant Locate different infrastructure on opposite site of road. Design consultancy Economic benefit if local people are employed in contractors MT Contractor should employs at least 50 % of workforce Contractor workforce from communities in vicinity of construction sites

Operation Impacts Silting and pollution of water M/T Ensure clearing of debris/waste and CMC Area N/a. bodies material from the drainage bed and from the banks due to non-clearance of before pressing into operation. construction work site

KUIDFC 51 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Chapter V

INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

5.1 Institutional Requirements 52 Nodal Executing Agency (EA): Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development & Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) is the nodal executing agency (EA) responsible for implementing NKUSIP. Investment Program implementation activities will be monitored by KUIDFC through a separate Investment Program Management Unit (IPMU), which will be set-up within KUIDFC. The Managing Director/KUIDFC will head the IPMU and will be assisted by an Executive Director to oversee the Investment Program progress. A team of senior technical, administrative and financial officials will assist the Executive Director in controlling and monitoring project implementation activities. KUIDFC will establish IPMU offices at four locations (in Bellary, Dharwad, Belgaum and Gulbarga) in the Investment Program area. All Investment Program decisions will be made by the Executive Director who shall operate from the IPMU, Dharwad; only interactions with GoK, GoI and ADB shall be conducted through the KUIDFC office at Bangalore.

53 Implementing Agency (IA). Implementation Agencies (IA) will oversee sub-project component implementation at the sub-project towns, where the Investment Program ULB will implement sub-project components. The responsibilities of the IA shall include (i) carrying out detailed surveys, investigations and engineering designs of individual infrastructure components; (ii) tendering, evaluating bids and awarding works, contract administration, supervision and quality control; (iii) measuring works carried out by the contractors and certifying payments; (iv) conducting public awareness campaigns and participation programs, (v) carrying out environmental assessments; and (vi) preparing monthly reports. The Investment Program Consultants (PC) will assist the Investment Program ULB in all the aforesaid activities; in the case of other IAS, the PC shall proof check designs and quality check construction quality.

` 54 Thus, the responsibility fulfilling environmental requirements of GoI/GoK (for the project- components of STP,) and conducting required level of environmental assessment as per ADB guidelines lies with the borrowing ULB. The Investment Program Consultants will assist the ULB in this regard. The IEE/EIA reports prepared by ULB will be reviewed by the IPMU as per the KUIDFC 52 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

ADB’s Environmental Guidelines and forwarded to ADB for review and approval. In case of IEE reports, the ADB could delegate approval of IEE reports fully to the IPMU after reviewing the first two reports. However, all the EIA reports shall be sent to ADB for approval.

55 The mitigation measures identified through IEE/EIA are incorporated into the project cycle. Mitigation measures, which are implemented by the Contractor, shall form part of the Contract Documents. The other mitigation measures are undertaken by the ULB (itself or in assistance with Investment Program Consultants) as specified in the IEE.

5.2 INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING

Institutional strengthening will be undertaken to achieve the goals of the project including sound environmental management. Steps to be taken are discussed under the following sub-headings:  Organisation and Staffing;  Environmental Training;  Monitoring and Reporting; and  Record-keeping.

5.2.1 Organisation and Staffing

56 The implementation of mitigation measures requires supervision by adequately trained staff within the Project Implementation Unit (PIU). The PIU will nominate one of its officers to act as Environmental Officer (EO), to formally address environmental issues on a routine basis, who will have an oversight of environmental aspects of the construction contracts, including the enforcement of all monitoring provisions, the locations of construction and labour camps, etc. Before the commencement of construction, the EO will receive training in the environmental issues associated with STP construction and maintenance projects. The EO will also organize the training programs. Main duties of the EO will include:

 Review of bids to ensure their adherence to the environmental specifications and the requirements of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP).

KUIDFC 53 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

 Collection and dissemination of relevant environmental documents including amendments to environmental protection acts issued by various agencies such as the Asian Development Bank (ADB), World Bank and other concerned organisations.  Co-ordination with government departments on environmental issues and obtaining the necessary clearances from the regulatory authorities.  Monitoring the environmental aspects during construction to ensure that the environmental requirements of the contract and the mitigation measures proposed in the EMP are implemented.  Supervising contractors and preparation of environmental input to the quarterly progress report.

5.2.2 Monitoring and Reporting Procedures

57 The EO shall ensure monitoring of various environmental parameters during the implementation of the project. The EO will visually assess contractor’s practices. Observations of EO and compliance thereupon shall be documented as part of normal contract monitoring. Regular monitoring of dust control, soil conservation practices, management of borrow/quarry area will also be carried out as provided in the contract document.

5.2.3 Record Keeping

58 Monitoring form should be devised for use. The form should focus attention on environmental issues and provide feedback for the future stages of the work. Mitigation and enhancement measures will explicitly make part of the construction contracts documents so that the compliance is measurable and readily documented. Daily project diaries would record environmental problems (spills, dust etc.) as well as safety related incidents and will be retained as part of contract management documents. These reports would be included in Quarterly Progress Reports provided to the funding agency (ADB) as well.

5.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

59 Environmental Monitoring Program is a vital process of any management plan of the development project. This helps in signalling the potential problems resulting from the proposed project and will allow for prompt implementation of corrective measures.

KUIDFC 54 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

The environmental monitoring will be required during construction and operational phases. The following parameters need to be monitored:

- Rehabilitation and Resettlement Program,

- Afforestation,

- Soil conservation,

- Borrow Area Conservation, and - Sanitation and Waste Disposal.

5.3.1 Rehabilitation and Resettlement Program 60 The Rehabilitation and Resettlement Program needs to be monitored during the project construction phase. The entire program is supposed to be completed before operation phase. Sufficient care needs to be taken to ensure that money reaches the project-affected people. The quality of life of rehabilitated people should not fall below their present status. Details of such program have been presented in separate Social Impact Assessment report.

5.3.2 Afforestation

61 Afforestation for the proposed project will commence before the start of the project cycle. The Forest Department of Government of Karnataka will implement the afforestation program. Trees shall be planted along the railway line inside the right of way (ROW) as soon as construction work is over.

5.3.3 Soil Conservation

62 Soil erosion rates, water sediment load, effectiveness of soil conservation measures, changes in soil texture and structure should be monitored at frequent intervals, during construction and operation phase..

5.3.4 Borrow area Conservation 63 Restoration of borrow areas will be monitored from time to time by construction supervision engineer with the progress of works in full compliance with the contractual obligations. The excavation and restoration of borrow areas and their surroundings, in an environmentally sound manner to the satisfaction of the supervising engineer, is required to be done by the contractor before final acceptance and payment under the terms of contract.

KUIDFC 55 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Table 5.1: Institutional Roles and Responsibilities Investment Activity Details Responsible Program Agency Phase

Pre Investment Program Reviewing the REA and assigning project category (Ea/Eb/Ec) based on IPMU construction Categorization NKUSIP Environmental Assessment Guidelines and ADB Guidelines phase Conducting EA Conducting IEE/EIA based on the project categorization Investment Program Conducting Public Consultation and information disclosure Consultants

Preparation of SIEE/SEIA

Investment Fulfilling GoK/GoI requirement such as clearances from other ULB Program Government Review of EIA/IEE Reviewing the EIA/IEE and SEIA/SIEE Reports to ensure compliance IPMU of the report as per ADB Guidelines and approval of the same Disclosure of SEIA/SIEE Information disclosure -SIEE/SEIA reports should be made available ULB to the public, and on request IEE/EIA also made available. Incorporation of Incorporation of necessary mitigation measures identified in Investment mitigation measures into IEE/EIA in project design and in contract documents. Program Investment Consultants Review of Review of design and contractual documents for compliance of IPMU design mitigation measures Construction Implementation of Implementation of necessary mitigation measures Contractor Phase mitigation Monitoring Environmental monitoring as specified in monitoring plan during Investment construction stage; monitoring of implementation of mitigation Program measures Consultants Preparation of Preparation of monthly progress reports to be submitted to IPMU ULB in progress reports including a section on implementation of the mitigation measures assistance of PC

Review of progress IPMU to review the progress reports, consolidate and send to ADB IPMU

KUIDFC 56 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Investment Activity Details Responsible Program Agency Phase Operation Environmental Monitoring Conducting environmental monitoring, as specified in the ULB Stage environmental monitoring plan.

Compliance Monitoring Compliance monitoring to review the environmental performance of KSPCB sub- project component, if required and as specified in Monitoring

KUIDFC 57 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report) 5.4 Training Needs

64 As described in the above table the IPMU will involve in monitoring the Investment Program implementation while the ULB will implement the Investment Program. It is therefore important that these agencies and particularly the officials involved in the Investment Program to have understanding of the ADBs environmental assessment procedures and also of environmental issues of various urban infrastructure components. As far as implementation of mitigation measures on site is concerned the Contractor will be involved. Hence, it is important to orient the contractors and supervisory staff towards the implementation of mitigation measures and their consequences. Hence, considering the existing capabilities of the agencies involved in NKUSIP, the following training program is suggested. The following table presents the suggested training program.

Table 5.2: Training Needs (2009 – 2015) Description Contents Schedule Participants Program 1 Module 1 – Orientation 2 days • IPMU officials Orientation Program • Investment Program Cycle of involved in the / Workshop for and NKUSIP project Implementing • ADBs Environmental Assessment • ULB officials involved Agency and Guidelines Executing Agency in project • EA requirements of NKUSIP implementation • Indian Environmental Laws & Regulations relating to urban infrastructure project • Environmental impacts of urban infrastructure projects

Module 2 Environmental Assessment Process • Project categorization as per ADB • IEE/EIA process, Formats and Reports • Identification of Environmental Impacts • Identification Mitigation Measures • Formulation of Environmental Management Plan • Implementation and Monitoring • Summary EIA/IEEs • Review of EIA/IEE reports to comply with ADB requirements • Incorporation of mitigating measures in the project design and contracts

Program - 2 Module 1 Implementation of 1 day • Contractors involved Orientation Mitigation Measures in NKUSIP Program • Environmental issues related urban • Supervisory staff of / Workshop for infrastructure projects during construction ULB Contractors and • Implementation of mitigation Supervisory staff measures • Monitoring of implementation

KUIDFC 58 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report) Program - 3 Module – Experiences and Best 1 day (every • IPMU Experience Sharing Practices alternative officials • Experiences on implementation in terms year from the • ULB officials of environmental concerns of start implemented projects of project, i.e. • Local NGOs • Best Practices followed 2009)

5.5 Environmental Monitoring Plans

6 5 The following tables indicate the recommended environmental monitoring programs for sub- project components in Sindhanur. The monitoring program has been developed based on the impacts identified on various environmental parameters in the earlier section.

KUIDFC 59 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Table 5.3: Environmental Monitoring Plan for Slums - Water Supply Rehabilitation Mitigation Measures Location Measurement Frequency Responsibility Preliminary Design Stage Monitoring Water quality (all parameters, particularlyKabini river at One time before faecal colliform ) the intake point. final design stage.

MoU between ULBS and other downstream Signed One time before communities agreement final design stage. Safe intake sites with minimum risk of Proposed intake One time before pollution adequate source and intake sites final design stage . protection measures. Paid compensation and rehabilitation Survey of APS At the time of civil measures for land acquisition before civil contract award. contract award. All design of component include proper Proposed design One time before final consideration of environment ( i.e. water and of DSC. design phase. air quality, noise pollution sludge management ) Avoiding / minimising tree cutting. Proposed One time before final designs of DSC design phase. Design of occupational safety measures. Proposed design One time before final of DSC design phase. Training program for staff by consultants. -- As needed before and during il i KUIDFC 60 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Construction Stage Monitoring Construction Stage Incorporation of mitigation One-off inspection ofPMU Part of All construction related Mitigation Measures: measures in the contract contract document. construction costs documents Construction site management plan to control N/a the dust and noise nuisance, and road blocks. Verification of Contract Documents before signing the contract. Implementation of Construction site Pipe Laying sites Monitoring of air quality is Weekly Contractor and management plan providing access to and not required. Ensure the ULB with the businesses during pipe lying, etc. surroundings. implementation of mitigation assistance of measures such as spraying of Investment (i) Noise & dust nuisance at site, water; assess the situation Program (ii) Traffic Maintain ace through visual inspection and Consultant. (iii) Impact to Livelihood interviews with local people, usage of standard equipment complying with CPCB Noise standard for construction equipment. Operation stage Check for blockage and leakage problems; Distribution line Percentage of water losses Yearly twice (once ULB Part of O & M reducing the water losses. & Transmission during normal costs line. season and once during lean season)

KUIDFC 61 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Implementation of the Sludge Management N/a Health check for WTP staff Yearly once ULB Part of O & M Plan - Check for health hazards due to sludge Costs. handling. Regular O & M water treatment facilities Inspection of facilities By annual Water quality ( TSS, pH, Temperature, Drinking water at taps andParameters location BOD5, COD , E- coli) reservoirs. and frequency according to the national drinking water quality standards and implementation guidelines.

Residual chlorine is sufficient to assure the Measured throughout theBi- annually potability of water supply at the household distribution network tap as well as to assure no over chlorination. particularly at point furthest from the chlorination point..

Training and operation supervision of system Survey of staff Bi- annually

Handlingtff and dosages of chlorine and lime Treatment plant inspection Quarterly

Table 5.4: Environmental Monitoring Plan for Drainage Up gradation Mitigation Parameters to be Location Measurement Frequency Responsibility Preliminary Measures Monitored Costing Construction Stage KUIDFC 62 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Check for dust Incorporation of N/a. Inspection of contract One-off IPMU IPMU staff nuisance mitigation documents inspection time as measures in the before signing required contract the contract documents Dust nuisance Constructi Ensure the Weekly CMC Area with Part of on work implementation of the construction sites mitigation measures assistance of costs of such as spraying of Investment prima water; assess the Program ry situation through visual Consultants drain inspection and s; interviews with local people Operation stage No significant N/a. N/a. N/a. N/a. N/a. N/a. impacts envisaged.

KUIDFC 63 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Table 5.5: Environmental Monitoring Plan for Roads Up gradation Mitigation Parameters to Location Measurement Frequency Responsibility Preliminary Mitigation Measures be Costing Measures Preconstruction N/a. N/a. N/a. N/a. N/a. N/a. N/a. Stage. (No significant impacts envisaged) Construction Stage Check for dust Incorporation of N/a. Inspection of contract One-off IPMU IPMU staff nuisance mitigation documents inspection of time as measures in before require the contract signing d documents the contract

Dust and noise Worksitesof Monitoring of air Weekly CMC Part of nuisance road quality and noise is Sindhanur constructi improvements not required. Ensure with the on costs with in the the assistance town implementation of of mitigation Investmen measures (usage t Program of standard Consultan equipment ts complying to Noise levels of CPCB, spraying of water to arrest dust);assess the situation through visual inspection and interviews with local people Operation stage N/a. N/a. N/a. N/a. N/a. N/a. N/a. No significant impacts

KUIDFC 64 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Table : 5.6 Sample Estimated Environmental Costs

No. Item Cost ( Rs) A. Monitoring during Operation Period

I. Air monitoring 32000

II. Noise monitoring 8000

III. Water sampling , Waste water quality 60,000 testing

B. Training Cost.

Program 1 4000

Program 2 4000

Program 3 4000

C. Other 1. Group discussion 5000 60000 2) Health check up for workers 177000 Total

KUIDFC 65 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Chapter VI

PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

6.1 Overview

66 Public consultation is an open group discussion which allows peoples to express their concern and views over project and that make aware to proponent to have a rigid control measures and management plan in order to ensure likely environmental impacts well within the stipulated norms. Public consultation involved focus group discussion. The people residing along the project activity areas were consulted during site visits and due discussion were made regarding the proposals A number of consultation meetings were held during the process of the project preparation exercise. Participants include: the Commissioner, AEE, AE, CMC, Sindhanur town. Also meeting have been conducted with Councillors, NGOs, local public, project affected persons. These consultations were conducted at various levels (such as project level sub project level, component level etc.)

Peoples of Sindhanur town shows their keen interest in the project as they know implementation of this project will improve living condition and enhance aesthetic environment of surrounding. Public who’s practical oriented expressed their concern on interfere in public activities, disturbance of traffic during construction works , generation of dust and noise because of uses of high sound making equipment and construction works. the people residing along the project activity were requested for precautionary and preventive measures in order to reduce ardour and nuisance which may result by sewage treatment plant while operations.

Fig: 6.1: photos of public consultation

KUIDFC 66 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

Table 6.1 Public Comments & Mitigation measures SI No Date Location Comments from local publ Proposed mitigation (A) Pipe line works 17.08.2009 Public place in The public expressed their  Dust generation shall be Sindhanur concern regarding the arrested by water disturbance in public activities spraying. due to construction works such  Ensure usage of as generation of dust, noise due standard equipment to to construction machineries, reduce the noise traffic diversion, and breakage of nuisance. Equipment existing services. shall comply with the noise levels of construction equipment laid out by the CPCB. High noise generating activities including material unloading shall be avoided during nights. The surrounding people shall be informed, especially in densely populated area, of nature and schedule of the high noise generating activities, if any.

 Adequate arrangements for traffic diversions including erection of proper sign boards.

 Highly Qualified contractor will be engaged to execute the work in proper way and specific conditions shall be imposed in the contract to take safety measures.

Public demanded for advance notice before construction and proper warning signs along the construction area to avoid accidents and inconvenience. It was demanded for a strong operation and maintains ace system in place for there proposed sewer network for its best functioning to have the maximum health and aesthetic benefits.

Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) 67. Grievances will first be brought to the attention of the implementing NGO. Grievances not redressed by the NGO will be brought to the grievance redress committee (GRC)established in each Investment Program district. The GRC process is designed to be transparent, gender responsive, culturally appropriate and commensurate to the risks and adverse impacts of the

KUIDFC 67 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report) project, as well as readily accessible to all segments of the affected people. Affected people are to be appropriately informed about the mechanism through media and public outlets. This participatory process shall ensure that all views of the people are adequately reviewed and suitably incorporated in the design and implementation process.65.

A District Level Project Steering Committee (DLPSC) headed by the Concerned District Commissioner (DC) has been established under the NKUSIP project vide GO: No N. A.E. 45 PRJ 04 dated 18/06/04 for 21 towns. In addition to the functions of the committee, Grievance redress was included as additional functions vide GO: No. N. A. E. 167 PRJ05 dated 22/09/05 for the same towns and for the additional two towns of NKUSIP Package IV – Sindhanur, which were included. Later the DLPSC was established along the function of grievance redress vide GO: No. N. A. E124 PRJ 2007, dated29/11/07, hence a grievance redress mechanism is in place for the project.

KUIDFC 68 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report) Chapter - VII

FINDING AND RECOMMENDATION

7.1. Findings

68 Based on the screening of environmental impacts, all the proposed sub-project components in Sindhanur are found to be environmentally acceptable and therefore able to proceed to the implementation phase. In most cases, particular environmental issues identified are those that are typical for the type of component, and a range of proven mitigation strategies exist to address them. Table 7.1 indicates the environmental consideration of the proposed infrastructure components.

Table 7.1: Environmental Issues of Proposed Infrastructure Components Infrastructure Environmental Impact Issue Environmental Mitigations Component

Drainage • Sludge handling and disposal Appropriate mitigation measures upgradation • Construction impacts as suggested

Water Supply • No significant issues Appropriate mitigation measures Rehabilitation • Construction and operation impacts as suggested

Upgradation of roads • No significant issues Appropriate mitigation measures • Construction and operation impacts as suggested

Street lightings • No significant issues - • Construction and operation impacts

. As described above, most impacts are relevant to typical construction and operation. The important sets of mitigation measures, which are relevant to most of the components, include preparation of activity plans using appropriate mitigation measures identified in the earlier sections. These activity plans include:

• Construction Site Management Plan (to address construction impacts); • Sludge Management and Disposal Plan (to address sludge handling and disposal impacts). • Occupational Safety Plan (to address the health related impacts for sanitary workers)

These activity plans should be prepared by the ULB associated by Investment Program Consultants as compendium of the relevant mitigation measures identified in earlier section. They should form part of the contractual arrangements with construction contractors, or directly implemented by the CMC as facility operator, as required ‘Work Practices’.

7.2 Recommendations

69 It is recommended that the PMU should be involved in monitoring the implementation of

KUIDFC 69 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report) those components that are critical to acceptable environmental performance of the component. Owing to the location of proposed facilities and geographical setting of the town/region as a whole, no major impacts envisaged from any of the proposed sub- components projects in Sindhanur. In view of this importance, the PMU is delegated with the monitoring responsibility of the design stage to ensure the environmental sustainability of the NKUSIP.

KUIDFC 70 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report) Chapter VIII

VIII. CONCLUSIONS

70 The proposed components should proceed through to design and implementation, subject to mitigation measures and monitoring programs identified in the IEE. Owning to the nature and scale of the proposed components in slums in Sindhanur, it may be emphasized that the present IEE, which identifies potential impacts and suggests appropriate mitigation measures, is sufficient enough to safeguard the environment. There are no significant adverse impacts, which are irreversible or may lead to considerable loss/destruction of environment, envisaged. All the impacts are simple and moreover proven mitigation measures exists to minimize/mitigate the same. Hence, no further study such as an EIA is required.

KUIDFC 71 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report)

AAPENDIX 1: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist SEWAGE TREATMENT

Instructions:

. This checklist is to be prepared to support the environmental classification of project. it to be

attached to the environmental categorization from that it is to be prepared and submitted to the Chief Compliance officer of the Regional and sustainable Development Department. . This checklist id to be completed with the assistance of an Environment Specialist in a

Regional Department . This checklist focuses on environmental issue and concerns. To ensure that the social dimensions are adequately considered. Refer also to ADB checklist and handbooks on (i)

involuntary resettlement (ii) indigenous peoples planning (iii) poverty reduction (iv) participation and (v() gender and development. . Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify

potential impacts. Use the “remark” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Country / project Title: India / North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program.

Sector Division Urban Development

………………………………………………………………………………………………

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

B. Project Siting

Is the project area

. Densely populated √

. Heavy with development activities √

. Adjacent to or within any environmentally sensitive area . Cultural heritage site √

. Protected area √

KUIDFC 72 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report) . Wetland √

. Mangrove √

. Estuarine √

. Buffer zone of protected area √

. Special area for protecting biodiversity √

. Bay √

A. Potential Environmental Impact ` Will the project cause…..

. Impairment of historical / cultural √ monuments / areas and loss/ damage to the sites? . Interference with other utilities and √ During construction stage traffic and blockage of access to buildings nuisance human activities may affected to neighboring areas due to noise, smell temporarily due to generation of dust and influx of insects rodents etc? and noise from mechanical equipments. Adequate measure will be taken by skirling of water to minimize dust and traffic management plan with sign board. Machinery with standard reputed make adopted that will itself taker care of noise.

. Dislocation or involuntary resettlement √ No any dislocation or involuntary of people? resettlement envisaged in a project.

. Impairment of downstream water √ The proposed Facultative Aerated quality due to in adequate sewage Lagoon system is designed to meet treatment or release of untreated the discharge norms of inland surface sewage? water as suggested by Central Pollution Control Board. It is suggested that proposed system will be properly maintained to ensure efficiency of treatment.

. Overflows and flooding of neighboring √ Periodic maintenance of sewer lines properties with raw sewage. ? has been suggested in the EMP to avoid overflowing and flooding of neighboring properties.

KUIDFC 73 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report) . Environmental pollution due to √ Sludge disposal will be carried out in inadequate sludge disposal or industrial frequently say once in a 6 month. waste discharge illegally disposed in Sludge disposal will be restricted in a sewer? confined space to avoid surface and soil pollution.

. Noise and vibration due to blasting and √ Construction machineries used in a other civil works? construction will be standard reputed made comply with noise level standard prescribed by pollution control board.

. Discharge of hazardous material into √ It is suggested in EMP that Sindhanur sewers, resulting in damage to sewer CMC has to ensure that no hazardous system and danger to workers ? waste will be illegally discharged in to sewer lines.

. Inadequate buffer zone around pumping √ Buffer zone with screen and and treatment plats to alleviate noise landscaping is suggested to provide and other possible nuisances, and proper shielding such that operation protect facilities? of STP will not have nuisance to surrounding.

. Social conflicts between construction √ The local labour force will be utilized workers from other areas and by the contractor for construction community workers? activities and hence there are no possibilities for social conflict regarding employment opportunities during construction phase.

. Road blocking and temporary flooding √ Road blocking and traffic re routing due to land excavation during the rainy has been envisaged during season? construction stage of sewer lines. Temporary flooding is not anticipated as there is no deep excavation or filling of low laying area envisaged in the project.

. Noise and dust construction activities? √ Construction machineries will be reputed make which will itself take care of noise moreover these machineries will be comply with standards stipulated by Central pollution Control board. Water sprinkling program will be suggested to ensure minimize of dust generated.

. Traffic disturbances due to construction √ Traffic management with re routine material transport and waste? of traffic during construction period is KUIDFC 74 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report) required to avoid conflict of public transport with construction material.

. Temporary silt runoff due to √ The construction waste water will be construction? channeled such that it will have sufficient time to settle the solid and do not deteriorate water quality of discharging courses.

. Hazards to public health due to overflow √ Regular maintenance of sewer line flooding and ground water pollution due has been suggested to avoid overflow to failure of sewage system? of sewer li9ne and related impact on public health due to pollution.

Chances of failure sewage system will be less and in extreme case care will be taken by diverting sewage in nearby nalas and rectified defects quickly to take system in working.

. Deterioration of water quality due to √ Sludge from sludge drying bed will be inadequate sludge disposal or direct removed at regular interval to avoid discharge of untreated sewage water? re – suspension in the treated water and there by deteriorating treated water quality. Direct discharge of untreated sewage water is not anticipated.

. Contamination of surface and ground √ Sludge will be disposed of in a water due to sludge disposal on land? confined area the sludge disposal area should be properly lined with geosynthetic lining such that it will not leach to the nearby water courses / and pollute environment.

. Health and safety hazards to workers √ Mixing of hazardous / industrial from toxic gases and hazardous material effluent with sewage may result in which may be contained in sewage flow sewer and STP which should be and exposures to pathogens in sewage avoided through proper law and and sludge? enforcement.

The sewer cleaning and STP workers should be provided protective measures such as boots masks etc. to avoid exposure to pathogens in sewage and sludge.

KUIDFC 75 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report) WATER SUPPLY APPENDIX 2: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist

Instructions:

. This checklist is to be prepared to support the environmental classification of project.

It to be attached to the environmental categorization from that it is to be prepared and submitted to the Chief Compliance officer of the Regional and sustainable Development Department.

. This checklist is to be completed with the assistance of an Environment Specialist in a Regional Department . This checklist focuses on environmental issue and concerns. To ensure that the social

dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB checklist and handbooks on (i) involuntary resettlement (ii) indigenous peoples planning (iii) poverty reduction (iv) participation and (v() gender and development.

. Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remark” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Country / project Title: India / North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program.

Sector Division Urban Development

………………………………………………………………………………………………

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

B. Project Siting

Is the project area

. Densely populated √

. Heavy with development activities √

. Adjacent to or within any environmentally sensitive area . Cultural heritage site √

. Protected area √

. Wetland √

KUIDFC 76 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report) . Mangrove √

. Estuarine √

. Buffer zone of protected area √

. Special area for protecting √ biodiversity . Bay √

B. Potential Environmental Impact ` Will the project cause…..

. Pollution of raw water supply from √ No such communities, industries upstream waste water discharge discharge envisage since the intake point from communities, industries, located in Tungabhadra reservoir near agriculture and soil erosion runoff. Katharki village.

. Impairment of historical / cultural √ monuments / areas and loss / damage to the site

. Hazard of land subsidence caused by √ There is no ground water exploitation for excessive ground water pumping proposed water supply improvements for Sindhanur CMC

. Social conflict arising from √ displacement of communities . Conflicts in abstraction of raw water √ Since the water is drawing from for water supply with other tungabathra reservoir, there will not be beneficial water uses for surface and any water scarcity at any point of time. ground waters? . Unsatisfactory raw water sup[ply ( √ The existing raw water supply is e.g. excessive pathogens or mineral supposed to continue. constituents ? . Delivery of unsafe water to √ distribution system . Inadequate protection of intake √ works or wells leading to pollution of water supply? . Over pumping of ground water, √ There is no ground water exploitation leading to Stalinization and ground required for the proposed improvements subsidence? in water supply.

. Excessive algal growth in storage √ Sindhanur CMC has to ensure that the reservoir? storage reservoir will be cleaned

KUIDFC 77 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report) regularly to avoid excessive algal growth.

. Increase in production of sewage √ The proposal involves ensuring regular beyond capabilities of community supply of 100 lpcd for the public which facilities? neither will nor result in excess sewage production. The proposed STP for the city is designed to meet the sewage generated with 100 lpcd.

. Inadequate disposal of sludge from √ There is no such proposal of altering water treatment plants? design and facilities in water treatment plant. It is prime duty of Sindhanur CMC to ensure that the sludge is removed from water treatment plants regularly to meet standard of treated water.

. Inadequate buffer zone around √ Sufficient buffer zone / noise barrier is to pumping and treatment plants to be developed around pumping station to alleviate noise and other possible alleviate noise. nuisance and protect facilities . Impairments associated with √ Temporary impairments are anticipated transmission lines and access roads? along the new transmission lines routes during construction stage .No new access are proposed.

. Health Hazard arising from √ Proposed project seen to be not have inadequate design of facilitate for any proposal for altering design / receiving , storing, and handling of facilities in water treatment plant. chlorine and other hazardous chemicals . Health and safety hazards to workers √ Sindhanur CMC has to ensure that from the management of chlorine proper safety practices are ensured for used for disinfection and other workers in water treatment plant. contaminants? . Dislocation or involuntary √ There is no resettlement of people for resettlement of people project implementation.

. Social conflict between construction √ Local labour will be utilized in maximum workers from other areas and number by contractor so possibility of community workers? social conflict regarding employment opportunities will be less during construction stage

. Noise and dust from construction √ Measures will be taken in initial stage of activities project by deploying standard reputed

KUIDFC 78 Span & Voyants NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub Projects in Sindhanur Town Initial Environmental Examination (IEE Report) make machinery with comply of stipulated noise standard to ensure noise with in limit and practice of frequent water spraying will be adopted to minimize dust.

. Increased road traffic due to √ The construction material transport will interference of construction increase traffic within city. Proper traffic activities? management will have to be implemented to avoid conflict between public transport and construction material transport.

. Continuing soil erosion / silt runoff √ Construction debris and excess soil from construction operation generated at construction site should be properly disposed to avoid erosion.

. Delivery of unsafe water due to poor √ Sindhanur CMC has to ensure efficiency o & m treatment process ( especially of operation of water treatment plant. mud accumulation in filter ) and inadequate chlorination due to lack of adequate monitoring of chlorine residual in distribution system . Accidental leakage of chlorine gas? √

. Excess abstraction of water affecting √ downstream water users . Competing uses of water √

. Increased sewage flow due to √ The proposal is for ensuring regular increased water supply water supply of 100 lpcd for the public which will result in increased sewage generation. The propose STP for the city is designed too meet the sewage generated with 100 lpcd.

. Increased volume of sullage ( √ The proposed STP for the city is designed wastewater from cooking and to meet the sullage generated due to washing ) and sludge from waste project. Sindhanur CMC has to ensure water treatment plant that the sludge generated in STP is disposed off with safe disposal practices.

KUIDFC 79 Span & Voyants