The Early Novels of Benjamin Disraeli; the Young Duke (1831)

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THE PICKERING MASTERS

Volume 2 Disraeli2 - prelim.fm Page ii Thursday, June 17, 2004 10:16 AM

THE PICKERING MASTERS

General Introduction: Daniel R. Schwarz Volume Editors: Geoffrey Harvey Ann R. Hawkins Miles A. Kimball Jeraldine R. Kraver Charles Richmond Michael Sanders Disraeli2 - prelim.fm Page iii Thursday, June 17, 2004 10:16 AM

THE EARLY NOVELS OF BENJAMIN DISRAELI

Volume 2 The Young Duke (1831)

Edited by Miles A. Kimball Disraeli2 - prelim.fm Page iv Thursday, June 17, 2004 10:16 AM

First published 2004 byPickering & Chatto (Publishers) Limited

Published 2016 by Routledge 2 Park Sq quare, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxxon OX14 4RN 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

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BRITISH LIBRARY CATALOGUING IN PUBLICATION DATA Disraeli, Benjamin, 1804–1881 The Early Novels of Benjamin Disraeli. – (The Pickering masters) I. Title 823.8[F]

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA A catalogue record for this title is available from the Library of Congress

ISBN-13 : 978-1-85196-736-0 (set)

DOI: 10.4324/9781003192480

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CONTENTS

Introduction vii

The Young Duke (1831) 1 Book the First 3 Book the Second 41 Book the Third 105 Book the Fourth 195 Book the Fifth 235

Editorial Notes 285 Textual Variants 299

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INTRODUCTION

Benjamin Disraeli’s The Young Duke is perhaps best described as the bastard child of his novels, dismissed by the author and by generations of reviewers and critics as an uneven work, created hurriedly and solely for gain. It is common to accept Disraeli’s estimate of the work – that he wrote it simply to raise money for his eastern trip in summer 1830. His letter to Benjamin Austen refers to selling his novel to Henry Colburn, the publisher, as a prostitution of his talents: … go I must, tho’ I fear I must hack for it. A literary prostitute I have never yet been, tho’ born in an age of general prostitution, and tho’ I have more than once been subject to temptations which might have been the ruination of a less virtu- ous young woman. My muse however is still a virgin, but the mystical flower, I fear, must soon be plucked. Colburn I suppose will be the bawd. Tempting 1 Mother Colburn! These comments reveal a mixed attitude on Disraeli’s part: a sense that the ‘mystical’ purity of art will be sullied when art is sold, combined with a sin- cere desire to sell it. The letter is also somewhat disingenuous, given that Disraeli had sold his art before, having been well paid for Vivian Grey (1826) and its sequel (1827). But given the strength of this stereotypically Romantic attitude about the unworldliness of art and the artist, many readers have not surprisingly found the novel to be flawed – and more specifically, to hold a strange mixture of contrasting elements. For example, one consistent criticism regards the novel’s style, which seems both critical of and fascinated by the exaggerated ornamentation of the silver-fork world. Bulwer Lytton, with whom Disraeli shared his manuscript in April 1830, encouraged the author’s doubts about the novel’s appropriate- ness, especially for a man who aspired to something more than ornamental dandyism. Bulwer Lytton commented that in the novel Disraeli was too ‘indulgent to flippancies’, by which he meant ‘an ornate & shewy effeminacy’ 2 he urged Disraeli to cut ruthlessly. Perhaps in response, Disraeli has his narrator in The Young Duke complain of the ‘confounded puppyism’ of his style (III.18, p. 181). And in the advertisement to the 1853 Bryce edition, which contained the first and most significant set of revisions to the novel, Disraeli essentially asked the reader’s pardon for the immaturity of his style: The reader will be kind enough to recollect that ‘The Young Duke’ was written ‘when George the Fourth was King’ (1829), nearly a quarter of a century ago, and that, therefore, it is entitled to the indulgence which is the privilege of

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juvenile productions. Though its pages attempt to pourtray the fleeting manners of a somewhat frivolous age, it is hoped that they convey a moral of a deeper and a more permanent character. Young authors are apt to fall into affectation and conceit, and the writer of this work sinned very much in these respects; but the affectation of youth should be viewed leniently, and every man has a right to be conceited until he is successful. This request for ‘indulgence’ has often been taken to reflect Disraeli’s success as a politician by 1853, but it reveals the same kind of disingenuousness we saw in his letter to Austen of 8 December 1829. For The Young Duke was not Disraeli’s first novel, but his third – scarcely a ‘juvenile production’. And despite its repetition of this idea, the advertisement’s reminder that the novel ‘convey[s] a moral of a deeper and more permanent character’ suggests that readers should acknowledge some value in the work, despite its flaws. Critics and biographers have generally either accepted this depiction of the novel as uneven, frivolous and juvenile – and therefore given it little attention – or have followed Disraeli’s 1853 advertisement in attempting to counter those objections and argue for the work’s merit on other than aesthetic grounds. The novel’s plot certainly holds no innovation: it is a rake’s progress, the tale of a vain, rich young man who comes close to losing it all, but learns responsibility through the love of a beautiful maiden. Accordingly, most twentieth-century commentary focused on decrying the novel’s manner or arguing that we should look past it. For example, Robert Blake comments in his biography of Disraeli that ‘The style is artificial, full of far-fetched witti- 3 cisms, convoluted antitheses, elaborate epigrams’. Richard A. Levine first undercuts the novel’s value by criticizing Disraeli’s lack of control, essentially agreeing with Bulwer Lytton and Disraeli’s 1853 advertisement: ‘the narrator 4 is still allowed to take liberties which underscore the author’s youth’. Yet Levine then argues that in its political commentary, the novel is a significant 5 harbinger of the later, more ‘serious’ novels of the Young England trilogy. Echoing questions about the novel’s style, Charles C. Nickerson begins by acknowledging that the novel is ‘Uneven in tone and derivative in plot’, and argues that ‘The Young Duke is a novel in which beginning and end remain 6 fundamentally at odds’. Yet he also claims that ‘For the student of Disraeli’s fiction, the final importance of The Young Duke … lies in what it shows us about his working methods and the development of his conception of what a 7 novel ought properly to be’. And Jana Davis, perhaps the novel’s strongest critical supporter, finds Disraeli’s dismissiveness of his own work a ‘pose’, and asserts that despite its stylistic flaws the novel is a serious and carefully 8 designed satire of aristocratic manners. These assessments are probably correct, at least from some perspectives. If novels should be focused and unitary, as some schools of literary criticism value, then The Young Duke oddly ties the head of a society novel to the back end of a romantic and political Bildungsroman. And if novels should be consistent in style, then Disraeli’s exuberance in the simple play of writing a

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INTRODUCTION

novel makes a poor companion to the high tone of his hero’s redemption. But reading The Young Duke now, particularly in its first edition as presented in this volume, is a more delightful and revealing experience than previous readers have credited. For a reader today, the very faults past readers have either decried or excused – the narrative asides, the long passages of fanciful description, the exaggerated language, many examples of which were cut from later editions of the novel – make fascinating material for study in their own right. Perhaps it is most important to recognize that despite his apparent lack of control, Disraeli knew of the dual nature of his novel even at its first publication; he did not apply the Byronic epigraph, ‘A moral Tale, though gay’, by accident, nor did he have his narrator call the novel ‘half fashion and half passion’ merely as a joke (IV.3, p. 201). Disraeli fully recognized the irony that pertains to a novel that talks about its own composition, inconsistencies and faults; that both admires and criticizes aristocratic excess; and that begins with the exalted picture of a rarefied metropolitan society, only to go through the muddy give-and-take of parliamentary politics to arrive at a calm, aristocratic domesticity in the country. Perhaps we should see the novel as an experiment; perhaps we should see it as a specimen of the near-universal desire to watch the rich – and the near-universal joy in watching them come a cropper. But we should certainly read the novel now fully cognizant of its var- ied significances – to Disraeli as a young novelist and aspiring politician, and to the age to which he made such a momentous contribution.

COMPOSITION AND PUBLICATION

The Young Duke is the work of a still young man working under serious finan- cial straits and in precarious health. Disraeli’s foolish mining investments and his venture with John Murray in starting the newspaper The Representative in 1825 had resulted in disaster, leaving Disraeli deeply in debt and hiding from his creditors. Disraeli rallied from this loss by writing his first novel, Vivian Grey, published anonymously by Colburn in 1826. Very much in the silver-fork school pioneered by Plumer Ward’s Tremaine (1825), Vivian Grey enjoyed more notoriety than praise, since Colburn puffed it as a satire on contempo- rary figures, written by a member of high society. A variety of mostly spurious keys to the characters were circulated, fuelling speculation and interest. But when Disraeli’s identity came to light, he was roundly dismissed as a poseur – a son of the middle class, rather than an intimate of high society. After his sequel to Vivian Grey appeared in 1827, Disraeli fell into what he called a ‘tremendous disorganization’ – what we would probably call a deep depression, or, as Blake suggests in somewhat more dated terms, a nervous 9 breakdown. He retreated to his father’s house, and between 1827 and 1829 he wrote Popanilla, a satire on the Utilitarians, and began a novel based on the twelfth-century Jewish hero David Alroy. This experience fed Disraeli’s

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longtime ambition to visit the ‘orient’ – the eastern Mediterranean, including Greece, Egypt and Turkey. So at some point in 1829 Disraeli temporarily set aside Alroy and turned his pen to another silver-fork novel to raise money quickly for an eastern trip. By the middle of February 1830, Disraeli had finished approximately half of The Young Duke, offering it first to Murray, despite the rift between them, and then to Colburn. Disraeli described the project to Colburn in a letter dated 14 February as follows: … being declared to be in a decline, which is all stuff, but really with positive Exile, probable Death, and possible Damnation hanging over me, I have been fool enough to be intent upon a novel – But such a novel! It will astound you, draw tears from the Princesses, and grins from the Printers devils: it will atone for all the stupid books you have been lately publishing, and allow me to die in a blaze. In a word to give you an idea of it. It is exactly the kind of work which d you wo write yourself, if you had time, and delightfully adapted to the most corrupt taste. This immortal work which will set all Europe afire and not to be forgotten till at least 3 months has only one fault – it is not written. Seriously however a volume and 1/2 are finished, but as I must go off before the end of March, I am afraid it is impossible to let you have it, but perhaps I can finish it at Rome before I go off to Greece, and then you can have it for next 10 season. ‘Mother Colburn’ soon came through with £500 in postdated bills – enough, with a loan from Austen, for Disraeli to begin on his trip. Working rapidly, Disraeli finished the novel ‘before the end of March’ 1830, although he did not leave England until the end of May. Monypenny suggests that the manuscript was complete when Disraeli met Meredith, Lytton Bulwer, Henry Bulwer, Charles Villiers, and Alexander Cockburn for an often-described dinner in 11 London on 29 March. The novel had made its debut by 1 May 1831, when Sarah Disraeli wrote to her brother that ‘Wherever we go, The Young Duke is before us, and its praises for ever resounding … The book is reviewed in all weekly and Sunday 12 papers – all with excessive praise’. This unqualified report may have been somewhat, as the novel would say, couleur de rose. Some reviews were indeed positive. For example, the Court Journal remarked ‘This sparkling production 13 assumes an unusual degree of interest in our eyes’. Similarly, The Spectator called The Young Duke ‘one blaze of wit, satire, sense, and nonsense, folly, 14 feeling, fancy, and flummery’. The Examiner, however, remarked that ‘This is one of the books which sensible men only happen to read when they have 15 fevers or broken legs’. And most damning, the utilitarian Westminster Review, naturally hostile after the satire Disraeli applied to utilitarianism in Popanilla and smarting from Disraeli’s burlesque of the journal in The Young Duke as the ‘Screw and Lever Review’, remarked, ‘Let it not be said, that, in exhibiting the absurdities, and vulgar pretensions and blunders of this book,

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we are breaking a butterfly on the wheel – this is no butterfly – it is a bug, an 16 unwholesome production’.

LIFETIME EDITIONS AND CHANGES

By Disraeli’s return to England at the end of summer 1831, The Young Duke had well passed the three months’ notoriety he had predicted. But if we believe his letter of 28 May to Sarah from Cairo, Disraeli had no pangs about the novel’s impending obscurity: ‘I don’t care a jot about The Young Duke. I never staked any fame on it. It may take its chance. I meant the hero to be a model for our youth; but after two years’ confinement in these revolutionary 17 times, I fear he will appear old-fashioned.’ This was indeed the fate of the novel, which must have seemed a specimen of a different age when it was republished by David Bryce in 1853 as part of a new ‘popular’ edition of Disraeli’s works. By this time, Disraeli had written seven additional novels, including Contarini Fleming (1832), Alroy (1833), Henrietta Temple, and Venetia (both 1837), as well as the ‘Young England’ trilogy, Coningsby (1844), Sybil (1845) and Tancred (1847). He had also, after attempts as an Independent and a Conservative, succeeded in gaining parliamentary office as a Tory in 1837, and had risen by 1852 to be Chancellor of the Exchequer under Lord Derby’s government. According to Bryce, this edition of The Young Duke, which made up 304 pages typeset, sold by subscription 18 approximately 7,000 copies initially, with sales falling off after 1853. The 1853 Bryce edition includes a variety of significant cuts from the first edition. Disraeli noted to Bryce that the novel had been ‘reduced by nearly 80 pages’; cuts of a sentence or more comprise about 12,500 words excised from the first edition’s total of about 126,000 words. Disraeli’s responsibility for the cuts is difficult to determine. Lucien Wolf contended in his introduction to the 1905 edition of the novel that Sarah Disraeli performed these excisions, 19 but no evidence has survived to show this is the case. In fact, Disraeli wrote to David Bryce on sending him the first volume that ‘I have had very great trouble with the “Y.D”’, suggesting that his hand held the scissors and paste- 20 pot. Regardless of who made the cuts, however, Disraeli probably approved of the changes, since he conveyed them to Bryce. Disraeli himself claimed in 1846 a desire to suppress the novel entirely, as it might damage his literary reputation – although this was in the context of trying to regain the copyright from Bentley so he could in fact republish the 21 novel. Another possibility is that Disraeli found the novel improper to the stature to which he had risen; after all, by 1853 Disraeli had both matured as a novelist and climbed to a prominent political role. However, the bulk of the changes to The Young Duke involved cutting instances we should probably recognize as the ‘flippancies’ Bulwer Lytton criticized in 1830 or the ‘puppyism’ the narrator complains of. In other words, the cuts were to aspects of the

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novel Disraeli knew as weaknesses either before or at least soon after the novel’s publication. If this is the case, then the argument that Disraeli made most of these cuts to save himself from specific embarrassment – as opposed to the general embarrassment of republishing a juvenile production with all its original weaknesses – would be difficult to support. On a small scale, the 1853 changes involve many cuts for clarity and direct- ness. For example, most instances of ‘very’ were removed, allowing the adjectives to do their own work without assistance. Also cut were some florid descriptions, such as part of the description of the Duke’s dressing in book II, chapter 7. In addition, Disraeli corrected a variety of small and large errors that must have galled him over the years by revealing him as one unfamiliar with the upper reaches of society. For example, he changed ‘May Fair’ to Mayfair, spelt ‘St. Leger’ correctly (rather than ‘St. Ledger’), and cut a phrase in which he described the young Duke offering a ‘goblet of tokay’ to a prince (since tokay is a sweet or dessert wine, it would never have been served in a goblet). The more extensive 1853 changes include the excision of some, but by no means all, of the narrative digressions. These cuts did not, however, remove the narrator’s cheekiness or self-awareness; most of his playful tone remains. The most significant extensive cuts fall into three overlapping categories: comments on writing, comments on politics, and comments in which the narrator speaks of his own life. Cuts to comments on novel-writing or literature are most common, comprising about 8,000 words over the entire novel, or two- thirds of the significant cuts. Some of these comments are playful samples of the narrator’s pushy self-consciousness in writing a novel. For example, the following introductory paragraph to book I, chapter 9, was cut: ‘I find this writing not so difficult as I had imagined. I see the only way is to rattle on just as you talk. The moment that you anticipate your pen in forming a sentence, you get as stiff as a gentleman in stays. I use my pen as my horse; I guide it, and it carries me on’ (I.9, p. 24). Other cut passages tempt us into making direct applications of the narrator’s voice to Disraeli’s own situation: I think – at least, I think I think; for I have been too often wrong to be ever sure, and never back my opinion with a bet, the only test. But I do think, that we have had some very agreeable villeggiaturas [holidays] in these immortal volumes. For, how do I know that they are not immortal? Fame is half an accident. I always hope the best; and if I be wrong, why then, I must put up instead with three months’ praise, and some slight profit. (IV.2, p. 197) Here ‘three months’ praise’ reminds us of Disraeli’s letter to Colburn claiming that the novel will be an ‘immortal work which will set all Europe afire and 22 not to be forgotten till at least 3 months’, as well as of his need for ‘some slight profit’ for the eastern trip. Also cut was all of book III, chapter 1 – a bravura digression on the nature of poetry, taste and publication, which Dis- raeli ascribes to ‘Le Drole’, a valet, as a joke at the chapter’s end. But the longest and most revealing of the cut passages is near the end of book III.

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After describing the Duke’s second attempt to gain May Dacre’s hand, the narrator interjects what seems a frank admission of failure and frustration: This scene should have been touching; but I know not why, when I read it over, it seems to me a tissue of half-meanings. What I meant is stamped upon my brain, if indeed I have a brain; but I have lost the power of conveying what I feel, if indeed that power were ever mine. I write with an aching head and quiv- ering hand; yet I must write, if but to break the solitude, which is to me a world quick with exciting life: I scribble to divert a brain, which, though weak, will struggle with strong thoughts, and lest my mind should muse itself to madness. (III.18, pp. 176–7) The narrator continues with lines that appear directly to apply to Disraeli’s condition at the novel’s composition: Mind is a fine thing, I won’t deny it, and mine was once as full of pride and hope as infant empire. But where are now my deeds and aspirations, and where the fame I dreamed of when a boy? I find the world just slipping through my fin- gers, and cannot grasp the jewel ere it falls. I quit an earth, where none will ever miss me, save those whose blood requires no laurels to make them love my mem- ory. My life has been a blunder and a blank, and all ends by my adding one more slight ghost to the shadowy realm of fatal precocity! These are the rubs that make us feel the vanity of life – the littleness of man. Yet I do not groan, and will not murmur. My punishment is no caprice of tyranny. I brought it on myself, as greater men have done before … But this is dull … I have half a mind to give it up, and leave these two volumes in imperfect beauty, like two lone columns on an Argive plain. (III.18, p. 177) This passage continues by discussing the critical reception of a previous work by the narrator, which one could argue arises from Disraeli’s experience with Vivian Grey. This attitude of dissatisfaction with one’s past work matches Dis- raeli’s evident mood during the novel’s composition, upon looking back at his failed, or at least flawed, debuts as a professional journalist and as a novelist. If read this way, this passage also reveals a more complex attitude toward art and the artist than Disraeli’s claim to ‘hack for it’ suggests: although his novel may be only ‘scribbling’, and although what he has completed is an ‘imperfect beauty’, it is beautiful nonetheless. But just as we begin to think that Disraeli is really speaking to us, the narrator paints a romantic picture of himself writing in ‘an Italian palace’, when we know that Disraeli wrote the novel entirely in England. In fact, it is difficult to know where Disraeli’s voice and the narrator’s converge or diverge, and part of the play seems to have been in riding the boundary between auto- biography and fiction. Disraeli’s obvious pleasure in the very experience of writing, in imagining a world and playing with the characters in it, extends to his creation of a narrative voice we should not assume is Disraeli himself. In fact, the narrator’s tone and patterns are strongly reminiscent of the witty but world-weary narrator of Don Juan, whom Daniel Schwarz and others have argued was a significant literary model for Disraeli’s early novels. For

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instance, the following sentences from The Young Duke – ‘As I am now approaching catastrophe, I will take a new pen. She – the lady, not the pen – was a very remarkable personage’ (I.7, p. 18) – compare more or less directly to the following lines from Don Juan, after the narrator’s famous comment about Wordsworth being ‘unintelligible’: ‘He, Juan (and not Wordsworth), so 23 pursued / His self-communion with his own high soul’. Like the narrator of Don Juan, Disraeli’s narrator says many things that we can imagine being direct representations of the author’s own thoughts and opinions – but he also says many things we must take as satire, comedy, or even simple burlesque. It is certainly true that one stylistic change minimized this intrusive narra- torial voice: even where digressive commentary remains, nearly every instance of the narrator’s use of first person pronouns is changed to the second person. For example, in this sentence from the novel’s very first paragraph, the 1853 edition simply changes ‘I’ to ‘we’: ‘His rent-roll exhibited a sum total, very neatly written, of two hundred thousand pounds; but this was independent of half a million in the funds, which I [we] had nearly forgotten’ (I.1, p. 3). This change of person remains consistent to the end of the novel, with few excep- tions. In this change Disraeli may have been responding to Walter Arnold’s review of the novel in The Athenaeum, which faulted the author for using the first person – although Arnold overstated the case in saying that the novel ‘will be found somewhat less than a volume and a half’ and that ‘the remain- ing half the fraction … consists of various essays’ of ‘high-flown rhapsody or 24 metaphysical disquisition, in the first person singular – I!’. Thus regardless of whether Disraeli actually thought as his narrator spoke in the first edition, at the least it seems clear that he wished to distance himself from the narrator’s voice by 1853. Any possibility that Disraeli’s position in politics was the motivation for this relative reticence is undercut by his retention of many of the narrator’s comments on political contemporaries. The 1853 edition does cut the rather presumptuous defence of George IV, where the narrator argues that the unpopular and eccentric king had committed ‘in a brilliant youth, but a brilliant folly’, and that England is lucky not to have the narrator for a king, who would be a tyrant in dandifying the nation: ‘But what a tyrant! I would have smothered you in rose; shot you with bon-bons, and drowned you in Eau-de-Cologne. I would have banged up your parliaments, knocked up your steam-engines, shut up all societies for the diffusion of any thing’ (I.12, p. 34). But by 1853, well after George IV’s and William IV’s reigns and sixteen years into Victoria’s, George IV would surely have seemed a distantly notorious figure; what would have been the political harm in keeping the passage? And Disraeli keeps an only slightly modified version; the cheeky observation that the king was ‘the most consummate raconteur in Europe’ (in 1853 and 1871, ‘a consummate raconteur’) – surely a more awkward thing to say than the obviously preposterous ‘I might have been your King’, which was cut.

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In addition, the 1853 edition keeps many of the comments on politicians of the 1820s and 1830s, especially in a long passage in book V, chapter 6, which critiques the speaking abilities of Canning, Burdett, Hobhouse, Brougham, Wellington, Huskisson, Lord Grey, Lord Goderich, and Macaulay (whose name Disraeli misspells as ‘Macauley’ in 1831 (p. 252)). In a belated but probably sensitive move, the 1853 edition does cut most of the paragraph regarding Huskisson, known best now for the tragedy of being the first person ever run over by a train (on 15 September 1830, between Disraeli’s comple- tion of the novel and its publication the following April or May). But the rest of the commentary remains. Perhaps the only cut that seems directly motivated by a desire to avoid political embarrassment is the narrator’s comic ambivalence between Whig and Tory: But then I must be consistent, and not compromise my principles, which will never do in England – more than once a-year. Let me see: what are they? Am I a Whig or a Tory? I forget. As for the Tories, I admire antiquity, particularly a ruin; even the relics of the Temple of Intolerance have a charm. I think I am a Tory. But then the Whigs give such good dinners, and are the most amusing. I think I am a Whig; but then the Tories are so moral, and morality is my forte: I must be a Tory. But the Whigs dress so much better; and an ill-dressed party, like an ill-dressed man, must be wrong. Yes! I am a decided Whig. And yet – I feel like Garrick between Tragedy and Comedy. I think I will be a Whig and Tory alternate nights, and then both will be pleased: or I have no objection, according to the fashion of the day, to take a place under a Tory ministry, pro- vided I may vote against them. (V.6, p. 253) It would naturally be disadvantageous for Disraeli to remind his detractors in 1853 that at the beginning of his political career, he had also vacillated between parties, campaigning as an independent Radical before finally being elected as a Tory in 1837. And this passage does make dinners and fashion the biggest distinction between Disraeli’s party and that of his enemies. But Dis- raeli’s consistent disregard for the Whigs also suggests that in this passage, he was once again toying with his narrator, drawing comedy from the long-held feeling that politicians are all alike in their superficiality and inconsistency. The narrator’s comments about his own life are similarly tempting to take as windows into Disraeli’s own experience. For example, the narrator speaks fondly, if wryly, of his father: In fathers, Nature gives us kinder friends than proud society can ever yield; and yet we fly too often from the face that beams with fondness on its own creation. But time, and sharp experience, sooner or later, return us to our hearths, though somewhat roughly. A bill that must be paid, a shattered horse, a sulky tailor, a rebellious goldsmith, are not the greatest evils, yet they make one dull, and bring young master quickly to his senses. ’Tis then that Nature speaks with her still voice, so soft and small! ’Tis then we fly to him who, in our adversity, is the only one on whom we surely count. He

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draws his purse strings, or he draws a cheque, and gives us, with his good assistance, good advice. Kind soul! beneficent, beloved friend! Oh! let me die the traitors death, let me be hurled from yon Tarpeian mount, if such it be, if ever I do love thee not; if I wear not thy image in my inmost core, – adore thee living, and revere thee dead! What though, at this most fatal moment, I am drawing a most unhappy, a most unexpected, and a most unreasonable bill, and at the shortest date! I grant it all – yet pity! pardon! pay! (II.8, p. 76) Oh, my father! in these refined regions, where I breathe clear and classic air, I think of thee. A poor return for infinite affection! And yet, our friendship is a hallowed joy; – it is my Pride, and let it be thy solace. O’er the waters that cannot part our souls, I breathe good wishes. Peace brood o’er thy fettered bowers, and Love smile in the cheerful hall, that I shall not forget upon the swift Sym- plegades, or where warm Syria, with its palmy shore, recalls our holy ancestry! (III.8, p. 136) These passages bring to mind what must have been a common scene in Dis- raeli’s youth – the young man flying home for a paternal handout when he got into a scrape, in a mixture of expectation and gratitude. In fact, to his father’s house is precisely where Disraeli retreated after his failed journalistic career, although Isaac Disraeli did not pay Benjamin Disraeli’s debts. The comment about ‘warm Syria’ which ‘recalls our holy ancestry’ also seems easily applied to the Disraelis’ Jewish heritage. It is similarly tempting to read autobiographically – in retrospect, at least – the narrator’s wry comments on the possibility of marriage, also cut from the 1853 edition. These passages play on the narrator’s practicality and his love of comfort, surely elements to be considered in making a match: I have some idea of trying the comforts and the consolation of the blessed state; and, I confess, though of a mild and tolerant disposition – one, in fact, who can bear anything – I say, I should not exactly like – you understand me. Therefore, I beg it to be most explicitly understood, that if any damsel, instead of going out to India, choose to come out to one on speculation, (I prom- ise to give her a fair trial,) I beg it, I say, to be most distinctly understood, that she must behave herself. (IV.11, p. 230) And if, if marriage did not require such an income (they say three thousand now will scarcely do, even for us younkers. What times we live in!) – I have half a mind (I think we must come down) really to look about me (one gets tired of wandering), and no doubt there is great pleasure in a well-regulated existence, particularly if no children come in after dinner. (V.11, p. 275) These passages could be seen as presaging the match Disraeli made in marry- ing Mary Anne, who had the income to support a marriage to a rising politician in debt, and who was ostensibly past child-bearing age when they married. After the 1853 Bryce edition, we see fewer significant changes throughout the remainder of the lifetime editions and issues. The 1853 was stereotyped

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INTRODUCTION

and reissued in 1864 by Routledge, Warne, and Routledge (bound with Count Alarcos) and in 1866, 1868 and 1869 by Frederick Warne (bound with Con- tarini Fleming). The next major edition was the 1870–1 Longmans, Green ‘New Edition’ of all of Disraeli’s novels to that point, including the recently 25 completed Lothair (1870). It is unclear precisely whether the new Long- mans, Green edition of The Young Duke appeared in late 1870 or in 1871; some volumes in the set show one year, some the other, but my copy of The Young Duke from this edition contains no indication of date. Regardless, the Longmans, Green edition introduced further small cuts to the novel, but none of the extent we saw in the 1853 Bryce; most of the 1870–1 cuts were minor clarifications of style. In addition, the changes in the 1870–1 were cumulative to the 1853 changes; the editor, whether it was Disraeli or someone else, clearly worked from the Bryce in creating the Longmans, Green edition. Ster- eotype reissues of the 1870–1 edition also appeared from Longmans, Green in 1878, 1880 and 1881.

EDITORIAL RATIONALE

In the edition that follows, I have reproduced the first edition published in 1831 by Colburn and Bentley. This edition includes the original advertisement and Disraeli’s notes, which were cut from the 1853 Bryce edition. In the small number of instances where the first edition clearly has an error – such as an unintentionally repeated word or dropped piece of type – I have corrected the error in the text, but included a collation note to reveal the original error and show when it was corrected in later editions. Errors of fact, like the misspell- ing of Macaulay’s name as ‘Macauley’, have been left, with collation notes showing if and when the error was corrected. This volume includes both editorial and collation notes. The collation notes compare the 1831 Colburn & Bentley edition to the 1853 Bryce edition and to the 1870–1 Longmans, Green edition (which for clarity’s sake I have labelled as 1871 in the collations). Because copies of the 1853 Bryce are very rare (WorldCat records only four copies held in libraries worldwide), I made the collation to the more readily available 1866 Warne stereotype reissue of the 1853 Bryce edition. I was, however, able to compare the 1866 Warne to the 1853 Bryce held by the Ransom Humanities Research Center at the Univer- sity of Texas; I found that the 1866 Warne is clearly a direct stereotype of the Bryce, so there should be few inconsistencies between these issues. In keeping with the rationale of the Pickering & Chatto collection, I have excluded changes in punctuation except where such changes might alter the meaning of the sentence. In general, the most remarkable of the punctuation changes was the replacement of many of the 1853 Bryce edition’s em-dashes with commas in the later editions.

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ASSESSMENT

Despite its mixed nature, The Young Duke remains an interesting and delightful read. For those interested in Disraeli’s politics, it takes an intriguing viewpoint on a variety of important political ideas and movements in 1830. Perhaps the most significant is the crisis over Catholic emancipation. The young Duke’s rehabilitation comes through his love for May Dacre, the Catho- lic daughter of his guardian and the scion of an old and loyal Catholic family. After a life of dissolution and vanity, his first significant political act is to speak in the House of Lords for the right of Catholics to hold office. The measure finally fails, suggesting that the setting of the novel is 1825, when a similar measure failed under similar circumstances under Canning’s premiership. But the Duke’s selfless act – done solely to please May Dacre, whom he believes at this point to be engaged to her cousin Arundel Dacre – shows a moment of moral and personal maturation. That Disraeli wrote sympathetically of this failed attempt at emancipation a year after it finally succeeded in 1829, suggests not only his early interest in the relation between faith, ideology and politics, but his willingness to grab on to what he saw as a rising mood. Moreover, the young Duke’s justifications for supporting Catholic emancipation – essentially, the age, wealth and loyalty of Catholic aristocratic families – provide a telling indicator of the genesis of the Young England movement. In showing us a debauched aristocrat coming to terms with his responsibilities and fulfilling them generously and admirably, Disraeli shows us the beginning of his argument that the aristocracy of England, although in need of rehabilitation, was still the country’s best chance of surviving the tur- moil of impending social change. As far as delight is concerned, the narrator’s cockiness, the imaginative dia- logue, and the fabulous descriptions of exotic food, fanciful dress, beautiful rooms and aristocratic splendour make the novel well worth reading. But perhaps what is most compelling about The Young Duke is the very mixture of the serious and the playful: in this novel, we find a fascinating negotiation between the exuberance of a youthful dandy and the serious and idealistic pen of a future prime minister of England. Miles A. Kimball

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NOTES

1. Benjamin Disraeli to Benjamin Austen, 8 December 1829, in J. A. W. Gunn et al. (eds), Benjamin Disraeli Letters, 6 vols (Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1982–97), Vol. 1, no. 74. 2. Letter of 10 April 1830; quoted in Charles C. Nickerson, ‘Disraeli’s The Young Duke’, Disraeli Newsletter, 3:2 (1978), pp. 18–38, p. 26. 3. Robert Blake, Disraeli (New York, St Martin’s Press, 1967), p. 57. 4. Richard A. Levine, Benjamin Disraeli (New York, Twayne Publishers, 1968, Twayne’s English authors series, no. 68), p. 37. 5. Ibid., pp. 37, 42. 6. Nickerson, ‘Disraeli’s The Young Duke’, pp. 20, 30. 7. Ibid., p. 30. 8. Davis, ‘Disraeli’s The Young Duke’, pp. 27, 28. 9. Blake, Disraeli, pp. 53, 54. 10. Benjamin Disraeli to Henry Colburn, 14 February 1830, in Gunn et al. (eds), Ben- jamin Disraeli Letters, Vol. 1, no. 76. 11. William Flavelle Monypenny, The Life of Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield, Vol. 1, 1804–1837 (New York, Macmillan, 1916), p. 124. 12. Ibid., p. 134. 13. Court Journal, 7 May 1831; quoted in R. W. Stewart (ed.), Disraeli’s Novels Reviewed, 1826–1968 (Metuchen, NJ, Scarecrow, 1975), p. 135. 14. The Spectator, 30 April 1831; quoted in Stewart (ed.), Disraeli’s Novels Reviewed, 1826–1968, p. 137. 15. The Examiner, 30 April 1831; quoted in Stewart (ed.), Disraeli’s Novels Reviewed, 1826–1968, p. 136. 16. Westminster Review, October 1831; quoted in Stewart (ed.), Disraeli’s Novels Reviewed, 1826–1968, p. 138. 17. Quoted in Monypenny, The Life of Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield, Vol. 1, p. 176. 18. Benjamin Disraeli to David Bryce, 25 September 1853, in Gunn et al. (eds), Ben- jamin Disraeli Letters, Vol. 6, no. 2557. 19. Ibid., Vol. 6, no. 2557, n. 1. 20. Ibid., Vol. 6, no. 2557. 21. Benjamin Disraeli to Richard Bentley, 13 March 1846, in ibid., Vol. 4, no. 1474. 22. Benjamin Disraeli to Henry Colburn, 14 February 1830, in ibid., Vol. 1, no. 76. 23. George Gordon Byron, sixth Baron Byron, Don Juan, I.xci. 24. The Athenaeum, 30 April 1831; quoted in Stewart, Disraeli’s Novels Reviewed, 1826–1968, p. 134. 25. According to letters in the Hughenden Papers located by my fellow editor Ann R. Hawkins, when the copyright passed to Longman, Warne seems actually to have committed a copyright violation by printing a new nine-volume edition of Dis- raeli’s novels dated 1869, including The Young Duke, along with a re-set edition of the new novel Lothair, to which he never held the copyright. Disraeli’s solicitor, Philip Rose, wrote to Disraeli in 1871 that ‘I am grieved to find that Warne has proved such a weasel’ (Hughenden 235/2, folio 149). Many thanks to Professor Hawkins for this information, which she discusses in further detail in her introduction to Venetia (Volume 6 of this edition).

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THE YOUNG DUKE.

“A moral Tale, though gay.”1

BY THE AUTHOR OF “VIVIAN GREY.”

IN THREE VOLUMES

LONDON: HENRY COLBURN AND RICHARD BENTLEY, NEW BURLINGTON STREET. 1831. Disraeli2 - 01.fm Page 2 Friday, June 18, 2004 12:30 PM

ADVERTISEMENT.a

THERE is a partial distress, or universal, – and the affairs of India must really be settled; but we must also be amused. I send over my quota; for, though absent, I am a patriot; besides, I am desirous of contributing to the diffusion of Useful Knowledge.2 I have only one observation to make, and that is quite unnecessary, because no one will attend to it; therefore I suppress it. The great mass of my readers (if I have a mass as I hope,) will attribute the shades that flit about these volumes to any substances they please. That smaller portion of society, who are most competent to decide upon the subject, will instantly observe, that however I may have availed myself of a trait, or an incident, and often inadvertently, the whole is ideal. To draw caricatures of our contemporaries is not a very difficult task: it requires only a small portion of talent, and a great want of courtesy. The gentle reader will, I am sure, not forget that I do not enjoy the advan- tage of supervising this work through the Press. –––– In the absence of the author, who is abroad, the Publishers think it necessary to add, that the present novel was written before the accession of his present Majesty.3 The reader, as he peruses the volumes, will see the necessity of this explanation.

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THE YOUNG DUKE.

BOOK THE FIRST.

CHAP. I.

GEORGE AUGUSTUS FREDERICK, DUKE OF ST. JAMES, completed his twenty- first year, an event which created as greata a sensation among the aristocracy of England as the Norman Conquest, or the institution of Almack’s.4b A minority of twenty years had converted a family, always amongc the wealthi est of Great Britain, into one of the richest in Europe. The Duke of St. James possessed estates in the Northd and in the Weste of England, besides a whole province in Ireland. In London, there wasf a very handsome square and fourg streets all made of bricks, which brought him in yearly more cash than all the palaces of Vicenza are worth in fee-simple, with those of the Grand Canal of Venice to boot. As if this were not enough, he was an hereditary patron of internal navigation; and although perhaps in his two palaces, three castles, four halls, and lodges ad libitum, there were more fires burnt than in any other establishment in the Empire,h this was of no consequence, because the coals were his own. His rent-roll exhibited a sum total, very neatly written, of two hundred thousand pounds; but this was independent of half a million in the funds, which Ii had nearly forgotten, and which remained from the accumula tions occasioned by the unhappy death of his father. The late Duke of St. James had one sister, who was married to the Earl of Fitz-pompey. To the great surprise of the world – to the perfect astonishment of the brother-in-law – his Lordship was not appointed guardian to the infant minor. The Earl of Fitz-pompey had always been on the best possible terms with his Grace: the Countess had, only the year before his death, accepted, from his fraternal hand, a diamond necklace with the most perfect satisfac tion:j the Lord Viscount St. Maurice, future chief of the Housek of Fitz pompey, had the honour not only of being his nephew, but his godson. Who could account, then, for an action so perfectly unaccountable! It was quite evident that his Grace had no intention of dying. The guardian, however, that he did appoint, was a Mr. Dacre, a Catholic gentleman of very ancientl family, and very largem fortune, who had been the companion of his travels, and was his neighbour in his family county.n Mr.

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Dacre had not been honoured with the acquaintance of Lord Fitz-pompey previous to the decease of his noble friend. and after that event, such an acquaintance would probably not have been productive of very agreeablea reminiscences. Forb from the moment of the opening of the fatal will, the name of Dacre was wormwood to the house of St. Maurice. Lord Fitz- pompey, who, though the brother-in-law of a Whig Magnate,c was a Tory, voted thed Catholics with renewed fervor.e Shortly after the death of his friend, Mr. Dacre married a beautiful and noble lady of the house of Howard, who, after having presented him with a daughter, fell ill, and became that extremely commonf character, a confirmed invalid. In the present day, and especially among women, one would almost suppose that health was a state of unnatural existence. The illness of his wife, and the non-possession of parliamentary duties, rendered Mr. Dacre’s visits to his town mansion extremely to resemble those of an angel,g and the mansion in time was let. The young Duke, with the exception of an occasional visit to his uncle, Lord Fitz-pompey, passed the early years of his life at Castle Dacre. At seven years of age, he was sent to a preparatory school at Richmond, which was entirely devoted to the early culture of the nobility; and where the Principal, the Reverend Doctor Coronet, was so extremely exclusive in his system, that it was reported that he had once refused the son of an Irish peer. Miss Coronet fed her imagination with the hope of meeting her father’s noble pupils in after life, and in the mean timeh read fashionable novels. The moment that the young Duke was settled at Richmond, all the intrigues of the Fitz-pompey family were directed to that quarter; and as Mr. Dacre was by nature the most suspicious of human beings,i and was even extremely desirousj that his ward should cultivate the friendship of his only relatives, the St. Maurice family had the gratification, as they thought, of completely deceiving him. Lady Fitz-pompey called twice a week at Crest House, with a copious supplyk of pine-apples or bonbons, and the Rev. Dr. Cor- onet bowed in adoration. Lady Isabella St. Maurice gave a china cup to Mrs. Coronet, and Lady Augusta, a paper-cutter to Miss. The family was secured. All discipline was immediately set at defiance, and the young Duke passed the greater part of the half-year with his affectionate relations. His Grace, charmed with the bonbons of his aunt, and the kisses of his cousins, which were even sweeter than the sugar-plumbs;l delighted with the pony of St. Maurice, which, of course,m immediately became his own; and inebriated by the atten- tions of his uncle, who, at eight years of age, treated him, as his Lordship styled it, “like a man;” contrasted this life of early excitement with what now appeared the gloom and the restraint of Castle Dacre, and he soon entered ann conspiracy, which had long been hatching, with genuine enthusiasm. He wrote to his guardian, and obtained an easy permissiono to spend his vacation with his uncle. Thus, through the united indulgence of Dr. Coronet and Mr. Dacre, the Duke of St. James became a member of the family of St. Maurice.

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No sooner had Lord Fitz-pompey secured the affections of the ward, than he entirely changed his system towards the guardian. He wrote to Mr. Dacre, and, in a manner equally kind and dignified, courted his acquaintance. He dilated upon the extraordinary, though extremely natural, affection which Lady Fitz-pompey entertained for the only offspring of her beloved brother, – upon the happiness which the young Duke enjoyed with his cousins, – upon the great and evident advantages which his Grace would derive from compan- ions of his own age, – of the singular friendship which he had already formed with St. Maurice; and then, after paying Mr. Dacre many compliments upon the admirable manner in which he had already fulfilled the duties of his important office, and urging the lively satisfaction that a visit from their brother’s friend would confer both upon Lady Fitz-pompey and himself, he requested permission for his nephew to renew the visit in which he had been “so happy!” The Duke seconded the Earl’s diplomatic scrawl in the most graceful round-text. The masterly intrigues of Lord Fitz-pompey, assisted by Mrs. Dacre’s illness, which daily increased, and which rendered the most per- fecta quiet indispensable, were successful, and the young Duke arrived at his twelfth year without revisiting Dacre. Every year, however, when Mr. Dacre made a short visit to London, his ward spent a few days in his company, at theirb house of an old-fashioned Catholic nobleman, a visit which only affo- rded a dull contrast to the gay society, and constant animation, of his uncle’s establishment. It would seem that fate had determined to counteract the intentions of the late Duke of St. James, and to achieve those of the Earl of Fitz-pompey. At the moment that the noble minor was about to leave Dr. Coronet for Eton, Mrs. Dacre’s state was declared hopeless, except from the assistance of an Italian sky, and Mr. Dacre, whose attachment to his lady was of the most romantic description,c determined to leave England immediately. It was with deep regret that he parted from his ward, whom he tenderly loved; but all considerations merged in the paramount one; and he was con- soled by the reflection, that he was, at least, left to the care of his nearest connections. Mr. Dacre was not unaware of the dangers to which his youthful pledge might be exposed, by the indiscriminate indulgence of his uncle, but he trusted to the impartial and inviolable system of a public school to do much; and he anticipated returning to England before his ward was old enough to form those habits which are generally so injurious to young nobles. In this hope, Mr. Dacre was disappointed. Mrs. Dacre lingered, and revived, and lingered, for nearly eight years, now filling the mind of her husband and her daughter with unreasonable hope, now delivering them to that renewed anguish, that heart-rending grief, which the attendant upon a declining relative can alone experience, additionally agonizing, because it cannot be indulged. Mrs. Dacre died, and the widower ofd his daughter returned to England. In the mean time,e the Duke of St. James had not been idle.

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EDITORIAL NOTES

1. “A moral Tale, though gay”: Byron, Don Juan I.ccvii 2. Useful Knowledge: a reference to the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowl- edge, founded 1826. Its primary goal was to encourage the practical education of working-class men. 3. his present Majesty: William IV (r. 1830–7). 4. Almack’s: Almack’s Assembly Rooms, founded in 1764. Its members included both men and women who would subscribe to a number of balls each season; accordingly, it was an important scene for the marriage market. 5. Mivart’s: a fashionable hotel on Berkeley Square. 6. Panglossian philosophy: an unduly optimistic philosophy. In Voltaire’s Candide, Pangloss promoted the philosophy that we were living ‘in the best of all possible worlds’. 7. Premier: Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington and hero of the Napoleonic wars, was prime minister from 1828 to 1830. 8. Jockey … White’s: The Jockey Club was a club for horse owners and fanciers; White’s was a prestigious London gentlemen’s club on St James’s Street, particularly known for its dandies. 9. blue: a bluestocking, or intellectual woman. 10. Phidias: the famous Greek sculptor of the statue of Athena in the Parthenon. 11. villa of Hadrian: Emperor Hadrian of Rome (117–138 AD) had a marvellous Hel- lenistic villa in Tivoli. 12. Byron has made it … classical: George Gordon, Lord Byron (1788–1824) was not only a famous poet, but a famous dandy. The Regency was known for its many dandies, the prototype of whom was Beau Brummel (1778–1840). 13. Melton: Melton Mowbray, a popular place for hunting in the nineteenth century. 14. The Dorimants, the Bellairs and the Mirabels: Dorimant and Bellair are characters in George Etherege’s The Man of Mode: or Sir Fopling Flutter (1676). Mirabel is a character in Colley Cibber’s The Rival Fools (1709). 15. hall of Apollo: probably a reference either to the Hall of Apollo in the Pitti Palace in Florence or the Hall of Apollo at Versailles. 16. Sir Christopher Wren: Wren (1632–1723), the most celebrated architect in English history, designed St Paul’s Cathedral and many other churches in London built after the Great Fire. 17. Louvre: the Louvre was a palace and fortress in Paris first built in the twelfth century, but added to by Louis XIII and Louis XIV and finished by Napoleon in 1806. It is renowned for its consistent neoclassical architecture. 18. Schonnbrunn: Schönbrunn Castle, near Vienna, considered the epitome of the neoclassical style. 19. White’s: see above, n. 8.

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20. Almack’s: see above, n. 4. 21. fag: a servant; at Eton, a younger boy who does chores for prefects. 22. Antinous: beautiful Greek youth beloved by Emperor Hadrian; an effeminate man. 23. marked like Cain: ‘The Lord set a mark upon Cain, lest any finding him should kill him’ (Genesis 4:15, KJV). 24. son of Erebus and Nox: mythology holds several possible lineages for Cupid; the two most common are that his parents were either Erebus and Nox or Jupiter and Venus. The former parentage implies a licentious and mischievous Cupid (or Eros, in the Greek); the latter, the more commonly recognized boy-god of love. 25. Rovers: Florinda and Hellena of The Rover (1702) by Aphra Behn (1640–89). 26. Parthenon, Palladio, and St. Peter’s … Michel: the Parthenon is the celebrated temple of Athena on the Acropolis above Athens. The architect Andrea Palladio (1508–80) was a proponent of a neoclassical style, echoing in particular the features of Roman temples. St Peter’s Basilica in Rome was designed by Michelangelo (1475–1564). 27. progress of Cleopatra … Alhambra: In AD 42, Cleopatra sailed splendidly up the Cydnus River to Rome to meet Mark Antony. The Alhambra was the Moors’ palace at Granada, Spain. 28. Willis … Crockford … White’s … Brookes’: London clubs on St James’s Street. For White’s see above, n. 8; Crockford’s and Brooks’s were known most for gam- bling. White’s was Tory; Brooks’s was Whig. Although Brooks’s was founded by William Brookes, the club’s name was always spelt without an ‘e’. 29. Melton and Newmarket: for Melton see n. 13 above. Newmarket: a racecourse near Cambridge, regarded since the time of James I as the centre of British horse rac- ing. 30. Villiers: George Villiers, first Duke of Buckingham (1592–1628). 31. tokay: A sweet Hungarian dessert wine, tokay would not have been served in gob- lets – perhaps why Disraeli cut the last half of this sentence (‘and gave … tokay’) in the 1853 edition. 32. Vitellius: Aulus Vitellius, Emperor of Rome (AD 69); known for his devotion to the table. 33. ortolans: buntings, small brown birds prepared as delicacies. 34. Ausonian: Italian. 35. Maraschino: a cherry-flavoured liqueur. 36. Venus of the Waters: probably a reference to Sandro Botticelli’s (1445–1510) Birth of Venus (1485). 37. Parisina: heroine of Byron’s poem Parisina (1816). 38. King of Otaheite, – Mr. Peel and the State-paper Office: As Disraeli was writing The Young Duke, Otaheite, or Tahiti, was nominally ruled by Queen Pomare IV. Pomare IV’s reign was entirely under British control from her succession in 1827 until the institution of the French protectorate in 1843. In describing the ban- ning of breadfruit in favour of French rolls, Disraeli may have been referring to the many European customs instituted over Tahitian life by King Pomare II in 1815, but those changes were superintended by the British. French influence on Tahiti did not arise until Catholic missionaries arrived there in the mid-1830s. Sir Robert Peel (1788–1850) served as Home Secretary under Liverpool’s government from 1822 to 1827; he was leader of the Commons under Wellington from

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EDITORIAL NOTES TO PAGES 29–43

1828 to 1830. Though a long time opponent to Catholic Emancipation, in 1828 he encouraged Wellington to support it to avoid an Irish rebellion. Peel introduced the Catholic Emancipation Act to Parliament in 1829. 39. SANDWICH ISLE BAZAAR: the Sandwich or Hawaiian Islands, which, although 2,400 miles away from Tahiti, were also under British control at this time. King Kamehameha II and his favourite wife had visited London in 1824, where both promptly died of the measles. 40. St. Anthony: St Anthony of Egypt (c. AD 251–356), famous for overcoming a series of temptations. 41. Lorenzo … Louis: Lorenzo de Medici (1449–92), known as Lorenzo the Magnifi- cent; Louis XIV (1638–1715), the Sun King. 42. “it is not … sovereign”: Samuel Johnson, as recorded in Boswell’s Life of Johnson: ‘It was not for me to bandy civilities with my sovereign’. 43. Lady Morgan: Sydney Owenson, Lady Morgan (1783–1859), Irish author best known for The Wild Irish Girl (1806). 44. Book of the Boudoir: published 1829. 45. Menagiana: Menagiana, ou Bons mots, rencontres agréables, pensées judicieuses, et observations curieuses, de M. Menage (Menagiana, or Clever sayings, pleasant anec- dotes, wise thoughts, and curious observations, of M. Menage; 1693). 46. Menage: Gilles Ménage (1613–92), French poet. Ménage’s sayings (see above, n. 45) were collected by his friends to memorialize Ménage’s death. 47. Vandyke: Sir Anthony Vandyke (1599–1641), Flemish painter. Hans Holbein the Younger (1497–1543) painted a famous portrait of Henry VIII (1509–47) in 1538, well before Vandyke’s birth. 48. Sir Charles: Lady Morgan’s husband, Sir Thomas Charles Morgan (see above, n. 43). 49. prosopopœia: the embodiment. 50. Societies … any thing: a reference to the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (see above, n. 2). 51. Tattersall’s: the famous London horse market. 52. Ascot: a horse race held every June at Ascot race-course in Berkshire. 53. Alexander … Hercules … Joshua: Alexander the Great (356–323 BC), the Macedo- nian king who conquered much of Asia minor; Hercules, a mythic Greek hero of great strength; Joshua, the leader of the Jews after Moses’s death who led them into Canaan. 54. Amphitrite … Calypso’s … Baiæ … Ariosto: Amphrite: queen of the sea in Greek mythology; Calypso: the nymph who entranced Odysseus for seven years on the island of Ogygia; Baiæ: a Roman city, now known as Campania; Ariosto: Ludov- ico Ariosto (1474–1533) was the author of the epic poem Orlando Furioso, which includes descriptions of sumptuous banquets. 55. sumpter-mule: a pack mule. 56. Paradise of Battus: more correctly Battues, from the French battues, or beating; a reference to the hunting season, when servants would beat the bushes to make the birds rise. According to the OED, this term can also refer more generally to a slaughter. 57. Heliogabalus: Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, Emperor of Rome (AD 219–222), known for giving sumptuous banquets. He was reputed on one occasion to have

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EDITORIAL NOTES TO PAGES 43–70

smothered his guests by having tons of rose petals dropped on them from the ceil- ing. 58. “done in a corner”: Acts 26:26. 59. Samson the Philistines: Samson was reputed to have slain a thousand Philistines with the jawbone of an ass (Judges 13–16). 60. St. Ledger: the St Leger Stakes, a race conducted each September at Doncaster since 1776. 61. lamp of the Pharos: a reference to the famous Pharos lighthouse at Alexandria, one of the ancient wonders of the world. 62. Psyche … Praxiteles: Psyche was the Greek personification of the soul; Praxiteles was a famous fourth-century BC Greek sculptor. 63. Belinda and her immortal Bard: a reference to the heroine of Alexander Pope’s The Rape of the Lock (1714). 64. White’s: see above, n. 8. 65. “The inviolate … free”: Byron, Childe Harold, IV.lxxi, ‘The inviolate island of the sage and free’. 66. Howards, and the Cliffords, the Talbots, the Arundels, and the Jerninghams: prominent and ancient English Catholic noble families. 67. Lord Liverpool’s … Lord Eldon’s: Lord Liverpool (1770–1828) was Prime Minister from 1812–27; Lord Eldon (1751–1838) was a member of Liverpool’s cabinet and an adamant opponent of Catholic Emancipation. 68. Scarlet Lady: the Roman Catholic Church. 69. ch. c. Sanspareil … by Banker: Sanspareil, a chestnut colt sired by Ne plus Ultra; the Dandy, a grey colt sired by Banker. 70. Eau de Portingale: a distilled spirit from Portugal. 71. b. f. May Dacre by Howard: May Dacre, a brown filly sired by Howard. 72. Austrians the Lombards: Throughout the eighteenth century, and until the unifi- cation of Italy, Lombardy, which referred generically to much of the northern Italian peninsula, was under the control of Austria. 73. Terpsichore: the muse of dance. 74. John Bull: a generic name for a stereotypical Englishman, originally a character in John Arbuthnot’s The History of John Bull (1712). 75. Ceres and Bacchus … Venus: Ceres is the Roman goddess of the earth and agricul- ture, Bacchus is the Greek god of wine, and Venus is the Roman goddess of love; i.e., food and wine are complements to love. 76. Abernethy: John Abernethy (1764–1831), a London surgeon. 77. Brodie: Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie (1783–1862), a London surgeon and well- known anatomist. 78. Asmodeus: In the Talmud, the demon Asmodeus kills seven of Sarah’s suitors out of jealousy. 79. Point de moquerie: French: idiomatically, ‘you mock me’, ‘you joke’. 80. Sir Epicure Mammon: a character in Ben Jonson’s (1572–1637) play The Alche- mist (1610). 81. branded as Cains: see above, n. 23. 82. τò καλòν: the beautiful; the ultimate good. 83. Caesar … Macedonian’s: Julius Caesar (100–40 BC); Alexander the Great (356– 323 BC), who was king of Macedonia. 84. Pharsalia: civil war.

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EDITORIAL NOTES TO PAGES 70–7

85. Napoleon … St. Helena: Napoleon was imprisoned on the island of St Helena; he died there in 1821. 86. Byron: see above, n. 12. 87. Ausonian beauty: see above, n. 34. 88. Patagonian paddocks: Patagonia, a plateau in Chile and Argentina, is known for its large fields used for grazing livestock such as cattle, sheep and horses. 89. Vanbrugh: Sir John Vanbrugh (1664–1726), dramatist and architect, designer of Castle Howard and Blenheim Palace. 90. Delcroix: a perfume manufacturer. 91. Henry Pelham: Pelham (1694–1754) was prime minister 1742 to 1754. 92. author: William Coxe (1747–1828), who wrote Memoirs of the Administration of Henry Pelham (1829). Given Coxe’s death in 1828, perhaps Disraeli is being sar- castic here. 93. Wellington … Prussians: a reference to the Battle of Waterloo (1815), where the Prussians were Wellington’s allies. 94. Caesar fell, not at the base of Pompey’s statue: Julius Caesar was stabbed to death at the foot of the statue of Pompey, his opponent in the Roman Civil War. 95. Juno’s peacock: the peacock was dedicated to the Greek goddess Juno. 96. Talleyrand: Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand (1754–1838), a cagey French politician throughout the French Revolution, Napoleon’s reign and the Bourbon monarchy. 97. Almack’s … Maradan … Jockey Club … Crockford … Boodle’s: Almack’s: see above, n. 4; Maradan: perhaps a reference to Almanach Des Gourmands (1803–6), a guide to gourmandizing published by the Parisian publisher Maradan; Jockey Club: see above, n. 8; Crockford: see above, n. 28; Boodle’s: another gentleman’s club on St James’s Street. 98. reconquer Palestine: a reference to the repeated attempts to re-take Palestine from the Muslims during the Crusades. 99. Irishman … Imperial Parliament: a reference to Daniel O’Connell (1775–1847), Irish politician, agitator for Catholic emancipation and ultimately for Irish Home Rule. Before emancipation, his power came primarily through his activism in founding the Catholic Association in 1823. O’Connell was elected a member of parliament in 1828, but could not take his seat because he was a Catholic. This event and the threat of Irish civil unrest led Wellington finally to accede to emancipation. 100. Goths upon Italy: the Goths were a Teutonic tribe who in the third and fourth cen- turies AD migrated south and regularly attacked Rome. 101. Runnymede: where the Magna Carta was signed in 1215. 102. Tarpeian mount: the hill in Rome where the Temple of Jupiter was located. 103. Cupid leads his Psyche: In Apuleius’s The Golden Ass, the god Cupid marries Psy- che but refuses to allow her to see his face. Allegorically, Cupid (or Eros) is the god of physical love, and Psyche is a representation of the human soul. 104. Don Juan, Cant. I. s. 216: My days of love are over; me no more The charms of maid, wife, and still less of widow, Can make the fool of which they made before.

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EDITORIAL NOTES TO PAGES 77–96

105. Gamaliel-feet: Paul, in Acts 22:3, remarks that he was ‘brought up … at the feet of Gamaliel’, a famous Pharisee and teacher. 106. Tilney: perhaps an ironic reference to Edmund Tilney (d. 1610), who was Master of the Revels in Shakespeare’s time. Tilney’s A brief and pleasant discourse of duties in Mariage, called the Flower of Friendshippe (1568) spoke against excessive drinking of wine. Hermitage is a kind of wine made of the syrah grape. 107. Ridotto cloak: a Ridotto is an Italian dancing festival or party. 108. deity in a Trojan battle: In The Iliad, deities appear frequently to meddle in human conflicts. 109. palace of Nimrod: In the Bible, Nimrod is the great hunter and founder of Babel and other kingdoms. 110. Aurora: the Roman goddess of the dawn. 111. Milman: Henry Hart Milman (1791–1868), author of The Martyr of Antioch (1822). 112. Cressy: the Battle of Cressy (1346). 113. Amazonian queen … Theseus: In Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Theseus weds Hyppolyta, queen of the Amazons. 114. Camilla: In Virgil’s Aeneid Camilla is a renowned woman archer. 115. Chrysippus and Crantor: Greek philosophers. 116. Cendrillon: Cinderella. 117. Comus: A Masque (1634), by John Milton (1608–74). Comus was the Greek god of revelry. 118. Sontag … Malibran: nineteenth-century opera divas Henriette Sontag, Countess Rossi (1806–54) and Maria Malibran (1808–36). 119. Claudes: Claude Lorraine (1600–82). 120. Guidos: Guido Reni (1575–1642). 121. Rubens: Peter Paul Rubens (1577–1640). 122. Albano: Francesco Albani (1578–1660). 123. Holbein: probably Hans Holbein the Younger (see above, n. 47). 124. Vandyke: see above, n. 47. 125. Kneller: Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt. (1646–1723), who painted a series of portraits of British admirals. 126. Blenheim wigs: short periwigs, popularized by John Churchill, first Duke of Marl- borough (1650–1722), victor of the Battle of Blenheim (13 August 1704). 127. Steenkirk cravats: loosely tied cravats whose ends were passed through button- holes and knotted. 128. Button’s: a coffee-house in Covent Garden especially frequented by eighteenth- century wit Richard Addison. 129. Alcibiades: wilful and extravagant Athenian politician and general (450–404 BC). 130. Lely: Sir Peter Lely (1618–80), Dutch painter who emigrated to England in 1643 and painted a series of women’s portraits known as the ‘Windsor Beauties’. 131. Reynolds: Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723–92), the most prominent English painter of the eighteenth century. 132. Flaxman: John Flaxman (1755–1826), prominent neoclassical sculptor and designer for Wedgwood. 133. Master of the Horse: a senior court official in charge of the king’s horses and hounds. 134. hock: a sweet German wine.

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EDITORIAL NOTES TO PAGES 96–108

135. Johannisberger: a riesling wine. 136. Rogers: English poet Samuel Rogers (1763–1855). 137. Moore: Thomas Moore (1779–1852), author of Irish Melodies (1807). 138. Phœbus: the Greek god of the sun. 139. Lawrence: Sir Thomas Lawrence (1769–1830), English portrait painter. 140. Lady Alice Gordon … Joshua: probably Isabella Keir Gordon, subject as a child of a painting (1786) by Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723–92) that depicts her face repeated five times from different angles as the heads of angels. Disraeli refers to this series more fully (still referring to the sitter as Alice Gordon) in Sybil, book III, chapter 1. 141. Bacchus or Ceres: see above, n. 75. 142. Blackstone … Dryden … calomel: William Blackstone (1723–80), famous jurist and writer on British law, and the poet John Dryden (1631–1700). Calomel: mer- curous chloride, a compound used as a purgative. 143. Sir Walter: Sir Walter Scott (1771–1832). 144. Charles Diodati … Milton: Diodati (c. 1608–38) was a great friend of John Mil- ton’s (1608–74), as well as the nephew of Giovanni Diodati (1576–1649), translator of the first Protestant Bible. 145. “And why should revelry … immortal strings”: a translation from Milton’s ‘Elegia sexta ad Carolum Diodatum ruri commorantem’ (1629), lines 13–28. 146. Gray: Thomas Gray (1716–71). 147. Flaxman: John Flaxman (1755–1826), although primarily a sculptor, produced a series of illustrations for Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey in the 1790s. 148. Salvator: Salvator Rosa (1615–73), Italian landscape painter. 149. Poussin: Gaspar Poussin (1613–75) was a landscape painter and the stepson of Nicolas Poussin (1594–1655). 150. Piranesi: Giovanni Battista Piranesi (1720–78), Italian engraver and printmaker famous for his prints of Rome. 151. Childe Harold: Byron’s Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage (1812–18). 152. Callot: Jacques Callot (1592–1635), French printmaker and engraver. 153. Voltaire: François-Marie Arouet (1694–1778). 154. Dibdin: Thomas Frognall Dibdin (1776–1847), bibliographer and author of Bibli- omania (1809). 155. yclept: named (archaic). 156. pastry-cook … trunkmaker: Pastry-cooks wrapped pastries in waste paper, which was then discarded; trunkmakers lined trunks with waste paper, which preserved it. 157. Mai: Cardinal Angelo Mai (1782–1804), who rediscovered numerous classical texts. 158. Claudian: Claudius Claudianus (c. AD 370–404), Latin poet. 159. Rufinus: Claudian’s poem Against Rufinus. 160. “calamities of Authors”: Isaac Disraeli’s Calamities of Authors including some inquiries respecting their moral and literary characters (1812). Updated as The Calamities and Quarrels of Authors by Benjamin Disraeli in 1859. 161. Augustus: Octavian (63 BC–AD 14), who was Emperor Caesar Augustus. 162. Leo: Pope Leo X (Giovanni de’ Medici, 1475–1521). 163. Louis: Louis XIV (1643–1715), king of France.

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EDITORIAL NOTES TO PAGES 108–25

164. Anne: Anne Stuart (1665–1714), queen of Great Britain and Ireland from 1702 to 1714. 165. Calmuck: a race of people related to the Mongols. 166. Orson: In the romance Valentine and Orson, Orson is abandoned to be raised by bears in the woods, where he grows up to be a wild man. 167. Dante: Dante Alleghieri (1265–1301), the Italian poet of The Divine Comedy. 168. Dacian: of Dacia, a Roman province, now Romania. 169. Cromwell: Oliver Cromwell (1599–1658), who overthrew Charles II and assumed the role of Protector during the Commonwealth from 1653 to his death in 1658. 170. City … Crown: Athens. 171. Gray: see above, n. 146. 172. Pope: Alexander Pope (1688–1744). 173. La Fontaine: Jean de La Fontaine (1621–95). 174. Le Sage: Alain René Le Sage (1668–1747). 175. Moliere: Jean Baptiste Poquelin (1622–73). 176. Voltaire: see above, n. 153. 177. cross: To save paper, correspondents would fill a sheet, turn it ninety degrees, then continue writing across what they had previously written. 178. Tattersall’s … Doncaster … Newmarket: Tattersall’s: see above, n. 51; Doncaster: see above, n. 60; Newmarket: see above, n. 29. 179. Jockey Club: see above, n. 8. 180. Perigord: wines from the Perigord regions of southwest France. 181. Mazurka: a popular, dynamic dance. 182. braided in Madonnas: braids brought forward from the back of the head and across the upper part of the forehead. 183. hebdomadal: weekly. 184. Sappho: Sappho (610–580 BC) was a famous woman poet from the Greek island of Lesbos. 185. Canning: George Canning (1770–1827), a Tory, was the leader of the House of Commons from 1822 to 1827 and a supporter of Catholic Emancipation and Corn Law repeal; his followers were known as Canningites. He became prime minister of a coalition government in 1827, the year of his death. Canning was famous for his comment, ‘I called the new world into existence, to redress the balance of the Old’, referring to his role in Britain’s recognition of the independent governments of the former Spanish colonies Argentina, Mexico and Colombia. 186. Almack’s: see above, n. 4. 187. Anson: George Anson, Baron Anson (1697–1792), who in 1740 captured a Span- ish galleon carrying a fabulous treasure. 188. Petronius: (d. 66 AD), author of the Satyricon. 189. Murillo: Bartolomé Murillo (1618–82), Spanish religious painter. 190. Giorgione: Giorgio Barbarelli (1477–1510), Venetian painter. 191. Titian: Tiziano Vicellio (1488–1576), Venetian painter. 192. White’s: see above, n. 8. 193. Timeo Danaos: Timeo Danaos et dona ferentes – ‘I fear Greeks, even when they bring gifts’, Laocoon’s words on seeing the Trojan horse. Virgil, Aeneid, book II. 194. Fox: Charles James Fox (1749–1806), famous rake and Liberal politician. 195. Sir Boyle Roche: Irish politician and wit (1743–1807).

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EDITORIAL NOTES TO PAGES 127–52

196. Phalaris: tyrant of Agrigentum, who was reported to roast prisoners alive in a hollow brass bull. 197. Dionysius: Dionysius the Elder (430–367 BC), tyrant of Syracuse. 198. tokay: see above, n. 31. 199. Belisarius … obolus: a general whom the Roman emperor Justinian had blinded and banished to the streets, where he lived by begging. The obolus is a small, silver Athenian coin; ‘Give an obolus to Belisarius’ was a phrase used to describe alms-giving. 200. Johnson: Samuel Johnson (1709–84). 201. Burke: Edmund Burke (1729–97). 202. Symplegades: the floating cliffs through which the Argonauts had to pass to enter the Black Sea. 203. “small Jack Horner”: in the nursery rhyme, ‘Little Jack Horner sat in a corner/ Eating a Christmas pie’. 204. Jarrin: William Alexis Jarrin, author of The Italian Confectioner: or Complete Economy of Desserts (1820). 205. Dolby: Richard Dolby, author of The Cook’s Dictionary, and House-Keeper’s Directory, published in 1830 by Colburn & Bentley (the first publisher of The Young Duke). 206. Brummell: George Bryan ‘Beau’ Brummell (1778–1840), the most celebrated dandy of the Regency period. Brummell fled to the continent in 1816 to avoid payment of heavy debts; he died there a pauper. 207. Brocard: probably Caroline Brocard, a ballerina. 208. Tell … Ascalon: 2 Samuel 1:20, ‘Tell it not in Gath, whisper it not in the streets of Askelon’ (KJV). 209. Tiger: a young male servant who usually rode on a platform at the back of a coach. 210. Lord Francis: Francis Egerton (1800–57), later Lord Ellesmere, who from 1828 to 1830 was chief secretary for Ireland. 211. May Fair and Donnybrook: Mayfair, a prestigious part of London on the east side of Hyde Park, and Donnybrook, a village within Dublin, Ireland. 212. Luttrell: Henry Luttrell (1765–1851), popular wit and poet. 213. letter: Luttrell’s book Letters to Julia in Rhyme, to which are added Lines written at Ampthill-Park (1822). 214. Aglaia … Thalia … Euphrosyne: the three graces, often described as beauty, charm and joy. 215. four sons of Aymon: Les Quatre Fils Aymon, or Aymon’s Four Sons, an Old French romance. 216. Court of Oberon: In Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Oberon is king of the fairies. 217. Carpathian Mount: The Carpathian mountain range extends through the present- day Romania, Ukraine, Poland, Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Austria. 218. Mithridates: Mithridates VI, who was reputed to have dosed himself with poisons to build up an immunity. 219. Melnotte: a Parisian shoemaker. 220. Sardanapalus: luxurious king of Assyria; subject of Byron’s poem Sardanapalus (1821). 221. “Si non … trovàto”: an Italian saying – roughly, ‘If it’s not true, it’s well told’.

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EDITORIAL NOTES TO PAGES 152–87

222. Cydnus: In Shakespeare’s Antony and Cleopatra, II.ii.186–7, Enobarbus relates that ‘When [Cleopatra] first met Mark Antony, she purs’d up his heart, upon the river of Cydnus’. 223. Cruikshank: George Cruikshank (1792–1878), well-known illustrator. 224. Shumla: a fortified Bulgarian town that had fought off many besieging armies, most recently the Russians in 1828. 225. Semiramis: Assyrian queen of myth, reputed to have founded Babylon. 226. Turner: Dawson Turner (1775–1858), a botanist and collector of manuscripts. 227. Mortimer’s: Storr & Mortimer, a jewellery store in London’s Bond Street, known for its excellent silver. 228. young lady … brilliants: the fairy tale ‘Toads and Diamonds’, in which a girl gives water to a stranger who rewards her by causing diamonds and flowers to fall from her mouth every time she speaks; her haughty sister refuses to give water to the stranger, who curses her by making toads and snakes crawl from her mouth when she speaks. 229. Macheath: the highwayman hero of The Beggar’s Opera (1728) by John Gay (1685–1732). 230. Ida: Paris, son of Priam of Troy, was made the judge in a contest of beauty between Hera, Athena and Aphrodite on Mt. Ida. The inevitable altercation led to the Trojan War. 231. Prometheus: Prometheus was punished for stealing fire from heaven by being chained to a mountain where an eagle ate his liver every day. 232. Nebuchadnezzar: Nebuchadnezzar was driven from Babylon and ate grass in the wilderness. See Daniel 4:29–33. 233. Aspasian: Aspasia was an Athenian rhetor and mistress to Pericles who conducted a salon frequented by Athens’s intellectual elite. 234. Horatian suppers: simple meals. See Horace’s second satire, which focuses on fru- gal living and eating. 235. Prætorians: the Prætorian Guard were the Roman emperor’s bodyguard. 236. nem. con.: nemine contradicente, or without contradiction (i.e., unanimously). 237. ε’ύρηκα: eureka. 238. “’Tis true … true”: Polonius in Hamlet, II.ii.97–8: ‘That he is mad, ’tis true; ’tis true ’tis pity,/ And pity ’tis ’tis true – a foolish figure’. 239. τò καλòν: see above, n. 82. 240. Thunderer … marsh: George Gordon, Lord Byron, who died at Missolonghi in 1824. 241. Moore: Thomas Moore (1779–1852). 242. Murat: Joachim Murat (1767–1815), Napoleon’s general, later King Joachim of Naples. 243. Haram … Ariel: in Persia, a Haram was the area around a temple. Ariel is the fairy in Shakespeare’s The Tempest. 244. “All … stones”: Byron, Don Juan, XIII.110: ‘But gentlemen in stays, as stiff as stones’. 245. “It is thy vocation, … Hal!”: Falstaff in Henry IV Part I: ‘Why, Hal, ’tis my vocation, Hal’ (I.ii.102). 246. imberbis: beardless. 247. Canova’s: Antonio Canova (1757–1822), Italian neoclassical sculptor. 248. or molu: ormolu, brass made to look like gold.

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EDITORIAL NOTES TO PAGES 188–210

249. jabot: a frill worn at the throat. 250. bêtise: folly. 251. Strawberry Hill: Sir Horace Walpole’s fanciful gothic-styled house in Twickenham. 252. “– The Ferrarese … Este’s Halls”: the Italian house of Este ruled the city-state of Ferrara. 253. Casti: Giovanni Battista Casti (1724–1803), librettist. 254. Titian: see above, n. 191. 255. Venus … Tribune: Titian’s Venus of Urbino (1538), which hangs in the Tribune, a room in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence. 256. Fornarina … genius: La Fornarina (1518–19) by Raphael (1483–1520). 257. Zuleikha … Hebrew: Joseph and Potiphar’s Wife (1649) by Guercino (Giovanni Francesco Barbieri, 1591–1666) depicts Joseph fleeing from Zuleikha. 258. Cleopatra … Guido: Cleopatra (1635–40) by Guido Reni (1575–1642) 259. Temple of Gnidus: see Charles Montesquieu (1689–1755), The Temple of Gnidus (1743). 260. Canova’s Venus: a statue of Venus by Antonio Canova (1757–1822). 261. Almaviva: Count Almaviva, a character in Mozart’s The Marriage of Figaro. 262. Old … Brentford: Falstaff in disguise as a woman in The Merry Wives of Windsor. 263. Harlequin: a traditional clown in the commedia dell’arte. 264. Grimaldi: the famous clown Joseph Grimaldi (1779–1837). 265. Sir Lucius O’Trigger: a character in The Rivals (1775) by Richard Brinsley Sheridan (1751–1816). 266. villeggiaturas: holidays. 267. Hesperia: literally, a western land. 268. Inigo: the architect Inigo Jones (1573–1651). 269. Canaletti: Giovanni Antonio Canal (1697–1768), more commonly called Canal- etto. 270. SOUTHEY: the poet Robert Southey (1774–1843). 271. τò καλòν: see above, n. 82. 272. Nelson: Admiral Horatio Nelson (1758–1805), British hero of the Napoleonic Wars and particularly of the Battle of the Nile and the Battle of Trafalgar, where he died. 273. “spare … egg”: from William Cowper’s (1731–1800) The Task, book IV, ‘The Winter Evening’: ‘spare feast! – a radish and an egg’. 274. “So, on my honour … dinner”: unidentified. Bulwer Lytton wrote in Lucille, ‘Never, never, oh, never! earth’s luckiest sinner/ Hath unpunish’d forgotten the hour of his dinner!’ 275. Jack Pudding: a dance, also a term for a fool. 276. Richardson: English novelist Samuel Richardson (1689–1761). 277. Clarendon’s rebellion: Edward Hyde, first Earl of Clarendon (1609–74), author of History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England. 278. Scylla to Charybdis: Æneas, Jason, and Odysseus each had to make his way between the monster Scylla and the whirpool Charybdis. 279. School for Scandal: Richard Brinsley Sheridan’s play of 1777. 280. Der Freischutz: Der Freischütz (1821), an opera by Carl Maria von Weber (1786– 1826), in which a character sells his soul to a demon.

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EDITORIAL NOTES TO PAGES 212–52

281. Æneas to the Goddess of Beauty: hero of Virgil’s Æneid, Æneas is a Greek warrior at Troy who eventually lands in Italy to found Rome; his mother is Venus. 282. Salathiel: Salathiel Pavy, an Elizabethan child actor known for playing old men. See Ben Jonson’s poem ‘On Salathiel Pavy’. 283. cog a die: weight a die for cheating. 284. Napoleon: a gold coin worth twenty francs minted during Napoleon Bonaparte’s reign over France. 285. “made much of”: Caliban speaking to Prospero in The Tempest: “When thou cam’st first, / Thou strok’st me and made much of me” (I.ii.34–5). 286. Ægiochus: Zeus. 287. Ovid … Metamorphoses: Ovid’s (43–17 BC) Metamorphoses were a series of tales, many of which dealt with love. 288. Penates: Roman household gods. 289. Mr. Ward: Robert Plumer Ward (1765–1846), author of the novel Tremaine; or The Man of Refinement (1825), which was published by Colburn (one of Disraeli’s publishers) and is frequently cited as one of the first ‘silver-fork’ novels. Ward rented rooms from Isaac Disraeli. 290. Mr. Bulwer: Edward Robert Bulwer, first Earl of Lytton (1831–91), a popular novelist and Disraeli’s friend. 291. Jarrin … Dolby: see above, nn. 204, 205. 292. Humane Society: the Royal Humane Society, founded in 1774 to save people from drowning by the use of artificial resuscitation. 293. Ajax: a hero of the Trojan War, Ajax committed suicide when Achilles’s armor was given to Odysseus rather than to him. 294. Champollion: Jean François Champollion (1790–1832), translator of the Rosetta Stone. 295. Simoom: an Arabian sandstorm. 296. Mr. Shiel’s: Richard Lalor Shiel (1791–1851), a proponent of Catholic Emancipa- tion and an ally of Daniel O’Connell (see below, n. 320). 297. Canning: see above, n. 185. 298. Burdett: Sir Francis Burdett (1770–1844), radical Whig leader and advocate for Catholic Emancipation. 299. Hobhouse: John Cam Hobhouse (1786–1869), Radical politician and friend of Byron. 300. Brougham: Henry Peter Brougham, first Baron Brougham (1786–1869), Whig leader instrumental in the passage of the 1832 Reform Bill; anti-slavery advocate; and co-founder of the Edinburgh Review and the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. 301. Macauley: Charles Babington Macaulay (1800–59), Whig parliamentary reformer and frequent contributor to the Edinburgh Review. 302. “give up … mankind”: Oliver Goldsmith’s Retaliation (1774): ‘Who, born for the universe, narrow’d his mind,/ And to party gave up what was meant for mankind’. 303. Peel: Sir Robert Peel (1788–1850), Tory politician and, with Wellington, a chief antagonist to Catholic Emancipation. Peel was secretary for Ireland from 1812 to 1818 and prime minister from 1834 to 1835. 304. Huskisson: William Huskisson (1770–1830), Tory politician and supporter of free trade. Huskisson resigned from Wellington’s government after they disagreed on

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Corn Law reform in 1828. Huskisson was the first person ever to be struck and killed by a train. 305. the Duke: Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington (1769–1852), Tory prime minister from 1828 to 1830. 306. Montaignish: Michel de Montaigne (1533–1592), known for writing frank and per- sonable essays. 307. Grey: Charles Grey, second Earl Grey (1764–1845). Upon Wellington’s resigna- tion in 1830, Grey became prime minister until 1834. He led the parliamentary reform movement that led to the 1832 Reform Bill. 308. Holland: Henry Richard Vassall Fox, third Baron Holland (1773–1840), Whig politician. 309. Clarendon: Edward Hyde, first Earl of Clarendon (1609–74), adviser to Charles I and Charles II and author of The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in Eng- land. A new edition including formerly suppressed passages was published in 1826 by the Clarendon Press at Oxford. 310. Burnet’s Memoirs: The History of His Own Times by Bishop Gilbert Burnet (1643–1715), who was a rabid anti-Catholic. 311. Goderich: Frederick John Robinson, Viscount Goderich (1782–1859), prime minister from August 1827 to January 1828, after Canning’s death. Goderich was leader of the House of Lords during Canning’s ministry. 312. Garrick: David Garrick (1717–79), noted Shakespearean actor; Reynolds’s portrait of Garrick (1761) shows him being pulled between two women, representing comedy and tragedy. 313. Don Juan … Paradise Lost: George Gordon, Lord Byron’s (1788–1824) mock-epic Don Juan (1819–24) was characterized by irony and satire. John Milton’s (1608– 74) epic Paradise Lost (1667, 1674), however, was of the highest purpose: ‘To jus- tify the ways of God to men’ (I.26). 314. ‘Screw and Lever Review’: The Westminster Review, founded in 1824 by Jeremy Bentham and the Utilitarians, argued for constitutional reform. 315. Gray’s Inn: one of the Inns of Court or legal societies where lawyers were trained. As part of the training, they were required to ‘keep terms’, which primarily involved eating a number of dinners with their fellows. 316. Combermere: Stapleton Cotton, first Viscount Combermere (1773–1865). 317. Bhurtpore: Under the leadership of Combermere, the British captured the fort at Bhurtporea after a siege in 1826. 318. palace of the Sultan Acber: the palace of the Mughal Emperor Akbar (1556–1605) at Fatehpur Sikri, near the city of Agra, India. 319. Pro-Catholics … minority: The bill for emancipation which Sir Francis Burdett introduced in 1825 failed in the House of Lords; the Act of Catholic Emancipa- tion would finally pass in 1829. 320. O’Connell: see above, n. 99. 321. Pitt: William Pitt the Younger (1759–1806), prime minister from 1783 to 1801 and again from 1804 to 1806. He became a member of parliament at the age of twenty-two in 1782; he was shortly thereafter named chancellor of the exchequer. 322. millions: Although in 1786 Pitt’s government established a sinking fund to pay down the national debt, war with the French drastically increased the debt.

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NOTE ON HYPHENATION

This edition retains the hyphenation of compound words from the 1831 edition. However, in this edition some hyphenated compound words fall at the ends of lines. When the following compound words appear with hyphens at the ends of lines, hyphens should be retained in any quotation of the novel: bird-like, drawing-room, eight-and-forty, Fitz-pompey, five-and-twenty, full-blown, Gamaliel-feet, good-will, half-shuffling, one-and-twenty, rail-road, round-tower, self-esteem, stock-jobber, super-refinement, thirty-eight, thirty-five, to-day, to-morrow, twenty-first, twenty-fourth, water-party

Page & reference letter Variants 2a The 1853 Bryce and subsequent editions carry a different advertisement, as follows: The reader will be kind enough to recollect that “The Young Duke” was written “when George the Fourth was King” (1829), nearly a quarter of a century ago, and that, therefore, it is entitled to the indulgence which is the privilege of juvenile productions. Though its pages attempt to pourtray the fleeting manners of a somewhat frivolous age, it is hoped that they convey a moral of a deeper and a more permanent character. Young authors are apt to fall into affectation and conceit, and the writer of this work sinned very much in these respects; but the affectation of youth should be viewed leniently, and every man has a right to be conceited until he is successful. October, 1853. 3a created as great] created almost as great 1853, 1871 3b Conquest, or the institution of Almack’s.] Conquest. 1853, 1871 3c among] amongst 1853, 1871 3d North] north 1853, 1871 3e West] west 1853, 1871 3f was] were 1871 3g four] several 1871 3h Empire,] empire, 1871 3i I] we 1853, 1871 3j diamond necklace with the most perfect satisfaction:] bracelet: 1853, 1871

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3k House] house 1853, 1871 3l very ancient] ancient 1853, 1871 3m very large] large 1853, 1871 3n family county.] county. 1853, 1871 4a very agreeable] agreeable 1853, 1871 4b reminiscences. For] reminiscences: for 1853; reminiscences; for 1871 4c Magnate,] magnate, 1853, 1871 4d voted the] voted against the 1853, 1871 4e fervor.] fervour. 1853, 1871 4f extremely common] common 1853, 1871 4g extremely to resemble those of an angel,] rare, 1853, 1871 4h mean time] meantime 1853, 1871 4i the most suspicious of human beings,] unsuspicious, 1853, 1871 4j extremely desirous] desirous 1853, 1871 4k copious supply] supply 1853, 1871 4l sugar-plumbs;] sugar-plums; 1853, 1871 4m which, of course,] which 1853, 1871 4n an] into the 1853, 1871 4o obtained an easy permission] obtained permission 1853, 1871 5a the most perfect] perfect 1853, 1871 5b their] the 1853, 1871 5c was of the most romantic description,] was romantic, 1853, 1871 5d of] and 1853, 1871 5e mean time,] meantime, 1853, 1871 6a contrived, by corresponding with his confidential agent,] contrived 1853, 1871 6b Every thing] Everything 1853, 1871 7a develope as] develope so 1853; develop so 1871 7b guard] watch 1853, 1871 7c tutor,] tutor. His private tutor, 1853, 1871 8a delightful and peculiar] delightful 1853, 1871 8b ennuyé’d.] ennuyéd. 1853; ennuied. 1871 8c be easily conceived] be conceived 1853, 1871 8d of the opinion,] of opinion, 1853, 1871 8e any thing] anything 1853, 1871 8f the sweet souls] they 1853, 1871 8g courts,] Courts, 1853, 1871 8h sparkled the] sparkled in the 1853, 1871 9a very scanty] scanty 1871 9b soul] one 1853, 1871 9c dashed into London, and rolled to] arrived at 1853, 1871 9d James’] James’s 1871 9e Relative.] relatives. 1871 10a a very] an 1871 10b 1853, 1871 insert paragraph break 10c club] Club 1871 10d eager elegance;] cordial grace; 1853, 1871 10e tender affection;] fondness; 1853, 1871 10f staggered.] staggered, 1831; 1853, 1871 correct to full stop

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10g He repented] He almost repented 1853, 1871 11a vain, Fitz-pompey] vain, Lord Fitz-Pompey 1853; vain Lord Fitz-pompey 1871 11b seized. In] seized; in 1853, 1871 11c furniture.] pictures. 1853, 1871 11d mean time,] meantime, 1853, 1871 12a Hero.] hero. 1871 12b Protocoli. His] Protocoli; his 1871 12c earth. My] earth: my 1871 12d White’s. My] White’s; my 1871 12e was] were 1871 12f was] were 1871 12g Epicurean] epicurean 1871 12h Millionaire,] millionaire, 1871 12i was] were 1871 12j thorough bred] thoroughbred 1871 12k civilization,] civilisation, 1853, 1871 12i me! I] us! We 1853, 1871 12m I will venture to observe, that it] It 1853, 1871 12n I doubt] It may be doubted 1853, 1871 13a May Fair] Mayfair 1871 13b every thing] everything 1853, 1871 13c I am not ashamed of my hero. Let] Let 1853, 1871 14a The Duke dashed away in disgust, and sent] The Duke sent 1853, 1871 14b sympathized] sympathised 1853, 1871 14c attack] assault 1853, 1871 14d Schonnbrunn.] Schönbrunn. 1871 15a greatly increased] increased 1853, 1871 15b with Caroline] with Lady Caroline 1853, 1871 16a engrossed.] occupied. 1853, 1871 16b take a part] take part 1871 17a every thing] everything 1853, 1871 17b organize] organise 1853, 1871 17c lightning after thunder.] thunder after lightning. 1853, 1871 17d an] a 1871 18a vigor.] vigour. 1853, 1871 18b most] more 1853, 1871 18c who very much attracted] who attracted 1871 18d hero, whom, as a hero, I will back … remarkable personage.] hero. She was a remarkable personage. 1853, 1871 18e any thing] anything 1853, 1871 18f we gasp for breath] we gasp 1853, 1871 18g visions – these, indeed, are early feelings,] visions – early feelings, 1853; visions, early feelings, 1871 19a enquire] inquire 1853, 1871 20a reached] racked 1853, 1871 20b in] on 1853, 1871 21a to] with 1853, 1871 21b was successful.] was not unsuccessful. 1853, 1871

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21c I] We 1853, 1871 21d we are] the world is 1853, 1871 22a glow] grow 1853, 1871 22b my] the 1853, 1871 22c his countenance is hope – his voice is music!] his countenance hope, his voice music! 1853, 1871 22d eyes!] eyes? 1853, 1871 22e but if I were not a quiet man … disregard me.] but a wise man would not, perhaps, despair of the heroine who, when he approaches her, treats him almost with scorn, and trembles while she affects to disregard him. 1853, 1871 22f into the most lively] into lively 1871 23a put her companion on his mettle] called forth the resources of her guest 1871 23b Oh … darts!] 1853, 1871 omit 24a I find … on] 1853, 1871 omit 24b friendship, like the immortal heroines of the Rovers, but] friendship, but 1853, 1871 24c to most of our dinners.”] to our dinners.” 1853; to dinner.” 1871 24d for it was with Lady Aphrodite alone,] for Lady Aphrodite was present, 1853, 1871 24e thought rushed into his head.] thought struck him. 1853, 1871 25a a very distinguished and very noble judge.] a distinguished and noble judge. 1853, 1871 25b the very antipodes] the antipodes 1853, 1871 25c as] so 1853, 1871 26a singer.] prima donna. 1853, 1871 26b brown] dark 1853, 1871 26c civilized] civilised 1853, 1871 26d Brookes’] Brooks’ 1853, 1871 27a a very faint] a faint 1871 27b patronize!] patronise! 1853, 1871 27c My friend! there] There 1853, 1871 27d in new and the richest liveries] in rich liveries 1853, 1871 27e Ottoman] ottoman 1871 27f antichamber,] ante-chamber, 1871 27g Vaudeville,] vaudeville, 1871 27h France, and gave a gallant signal … goblet of tokay.] France. 1853, 1871 28a pink and printed carte] pink carte 1853, 1871 28b the white and satin] the satin 1853, 1871 28c How shall I paint] How paint 1853, 1871 28d Heaven!] heaven! 1853, 1871 28e vine leaves,] wine-leaves, 1871 28f The flavour is really too intensely exquisite … Maraschino.] 1853, 1871 omit 28g word was adoration!] word adoration! 1853, 1871 28h dislike – it may be, your hatred – perchance,] dislike; perchance, 1853, 1871 29a Pavilion.] pavilion. 1853, 1871 29b Shall I whisper to you where St. James] Shall we whisper where the young Duke 1853, 1871 29c tea-room?] Tea-Room? 1853, 1871

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29d Oh!] O! 1853, 1871 29e King] king 1853, 1871 29f Otaheite, – Mr. Peel … though] Otaheite, though 1853, 1871 31a her Ladyship.”] Lady Aphrodite.” 1853, 1871 31b his Grace] the Duke 1853, 1871 31c buy of my mistress?] buy? 1853, 1871 31d speaking very slowly,] speaking slowly, 1871 31e passion] feelings 1871 32a Every one] Everyone 1853, 1871 32b me] it 1853, 1871 32c He pressed her hand … moment of triumph!] 1853, 1871 omit 33a its] his 1853, 1871 33b Oh!] O! 1853, 1871 33c would’st] wouldst 1853, 1871 33d Oh! George the magnificent … though he sips no sack.] 1853, 1871 omit 34a 1831 includes a superfluous quotation mark here 34b Lady Morgan … Kildare Street.] 1853, 1871 omit this note, which appeared at the end of Volume I in 1831 34c the most consummate raconteur in Europe.] a consummate raconteur. 1853, 1871 34d When I call to mind the unlimited indulgence … I will take a canter.] 1831 omits period at end of sentence; 1853, 1871 omit 35a THE Duke … him.] 1853, 1871 omit 35b gold – ever since he dined with his Majesty … he met] gold, the young Duke met 1853, 1871 35c reset, or something, for] reset for 1853, 1871 35d very pretty] pretty 1871 35e presses. Can] presses, can 1871 35f present? – We cannot deceive her Ladyship … “your] present? Your 1853, 1871 35g any thing.”] anything.” 1853, 1871 37a Opera-box,] opera-box, 1871 37b Young] young 1853, 1871 37c Pantomime.] pantomime. 1871 37d and which, indeed,] and, indeed, 1853, 1871 38a himself actually at] himself at 1853, 1871 38b is, I think, the] is the 1853, 1871 38c analyze] analyse 1871 38d Oh, hours that I have thus spent! Oh, hours] Hours 1853, 1871 38e Oh, hours] Hours 1853, 1871 38f After having committed … great Truth.] 1853, 1871 omit 38g I] we 1853, 1871 41a they broke from each other’s arms,] they separated, 1853, 1871 41b the most innocent] the innocent 1871 42a Caroline,] his cousin, 1853, 1871 42b mean time,] meantime, 1853, 1871 42c patronizing] patronising 1853, 1871. 42d Battus] Battues 1871 43a summer,] autumn, 1853, 1871

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43b paté] pâté 1853, 1871 44a civilized] civilised 1853, 1871 44b Cameo;] cameo; 1871 44c his six carriages and six,] his carriages and six, 1853, 1871 44d princes,] Princes, 1871 44e Champaigne.] Champagne. 1853; champagne. 1871 44f Ledger.] Leger. 1853, 1871 44g None indeed … in reserve.] 1853, 1871 omit 45a “Gracious heavens!”] ‘Ah!’ 1871 45b Hope] hope 1871 45c His eye] His 1853, 1871 45d her thin curling] her curling 1853, 1871 45e moved – something even in the way … seemed] moved that seemed 1853, 1871 45f very intimate,] intimate, 1871 45g richness – a regality in] richness in 1853, 1871 45h were, literally, too] were too 1853, 1871 45i was entirely of] was of 1853, 1871 46a Lord!] Lor! 1853, 1871. Bagshot uses ‘Lor’ consistently instead of ‘Lord’ throughout this passage in 1853 and 1871 46b every body] everybody 1853, 1871 46c Every body] Everybody 1853, 1871 47a Annesley] Annesly 1831; 1853, 1871 correct to ‘Annesley’ 47b word of that booby] word that booby says 1871 47c by,] bye, 1853, 1871 48a with the most polished] with polished 1853, 1871 48b Oh,] O, 1853, 1871 48c Oh,] O, 1853, 1871 48d Steward,] steward, 1871 48e the family] the first family 1871 48f at the bow-window!] in St. James’s Street! 1853, 1871 48g under the most] under 1853, 1871 49a positively awed] awed 1853, 1871 49b were the only] were only 1871 49c softest, but in very] softest but still 1853, 1871 49d ward understood] ward soon understood 1853, 1871 50a Jager’s] jager’s 1853, 1871 50b most graphical] graphical 1853, 1871 50c his Lordship.] him. 1853, 1871 51a britscha,] britzska, 1853, 1871 51b cocked] arranged 1853, 1871 51c spare me, spare me!”] spare me!” 1853, 1871 51d does indeed surprise] surprises 1871 51e your Grace’s] your 1853, 1871 51f his Grace,] the Duke, 1871 51g “Your Grace’s] “Your 1871 51h I suggest a waltz.”] may I suggest a waltz?” 1871 51i “Oh, impossible! That] “That 1871 51j “Oh, no! not at all.”] “Not at all.” 1871

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51k of a little] of 1853, 1871 52a Heavens!] heavens! 1871 52b Ovation.] ovation. 1871 52c Consul?”] consul?” 1871 52d of] of of 1831; 1853, 1871 correct to ‘of ’ 52e any thing] anything 1853, 1871 52f sous;] sou; 1853, 1871 52g Ecarté.] écarté. 1871 53a very sad] sad 1871 53b very trying,] trying, 1871 53c immense] large 1853, 1871 53d brave] sage 1853, 1871 53e developement] development 1853, 1871 54a any one] anyone 1853, 1871 54b I] We 1853, 1871 54c I] we 1853, 1871 54d who] which 1853, 1871 54e enter into] enter 1853, 1871 55a independent] independently 1853, 1871 55b dash up] hurry 1853, 1871 55c Dandies patronized] Dandies patronised 1853; dandies patronised 1871 55d which] whom 1853, 1871 56a every thing,] everything, 1853, 1871 56b die. He] die – he 1853; die; he 1871 56c but he was more particular about his ruffles … in spite] but in spite 1853, 1871 57a plus] Plus 1871 57b the] The 1871 57c hundreds. The] hundreds; the 1871 58a May] Miss 1853, 1871 58b her usual] her 1853, 1871 58c Pâte,] pâté, 1853, 1871 58d Tourte â la Bourbon,] tourte à la Bourbon, 1853, 1871 58e eat,] ate, 1853, 1871 58f Fitz-pompey.] Fitz-Pompey. 1831, this is the only time the second half of the name is capitalized; 1853, 1871 correct to ‘Fitz-pompey’ 58g Carnival] carnival 1871 59a very well.] well. 1853, 1871 59b I] we 1853, 1871 59c Champaigne,] Champagne, 1853; champagne, 1871 59d divertissement.] divertissement. 1853, 1871 59e which are highly] which is 1871 59f develope] develop 1871 59g tarryeth] tarrieth 1853, 1871 60a métier;] métier; 1853, 1871 60b Papa.] papa. 1871 60c harmonizes] harmonises 1853, 1871 60d confident,] confidant, 1853, 1871 60e “Very much.”] “Much.” 1871

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60f Steward very much,] steward very much, 1853; steward, 1871 60g very witty and very candid.] witty and candid. 1871 61a Champaigne.] Champagne. 1853, 1871 61b May] Miss 1853, 1871 61c moralizing,”] moralising,” 1853, 1871 61d moralize] moralise 1853, 1871 61e moralize] moralise 1853, 1871 61f matured] mature 1871 61g western gent,] western, 1853, 1871 61h his Grace,] the Duke, 1853, 1871 61i by,] bye, 1853, 1871 61j very good] good 1871 62a any thing] anything 1853, 1871 62b very modest.] modest. 1871 62c Nemours,] Nevers, 1853, 1871 63a His Grace] He 1871 63b elegant] graceful 1853, 1871 63c very rife] rife 1871 63d very discreet] discreet 1871 64a works, published since the reformation of literature … that,] works, that, 1853, 1871 64b I think I must] we think we must 1853, 1871 64c I] we 1853, 1871 64d if I had] if there had been 1853, 1871 64e 1853, 1871 no paragraph break 64f Oysters and eggs … salads and the sex!] 1853, 1871 omit 64g Lamps.] lights. 1871 64h paradise,] Paradise, 1853, 1871 64i would] could 1871 64j cachemire,] cashmere, 1853, 1871 65a exposées,] exposés, 1871 65b genius, Baronet,] genius 1871 65c moquerie!] moinerie! 1831; 1853 corrects to ‘moquerie!’; Moquerie! 1871 66a but] than 1853, 1871 66b “No, no, Lucy,] “No, no, 1853, 1871 67a Time flies … terrace.] 1853, 1871 omit 67b very distracted] distracted 1871 67c “No, no, Lucy;] “No, no; 1853, 1871 67d generous, Baronet,] generous, 1853, 1871 68a nobodys,] nobodies, 1871 68b return] returned 1871 68c St. James dashed off for Dacre.] St. James, after a hurried visit to London, found himself, at the beginning of October, on his way to Dacre. 1853, 1871 68d He had … single servant.] 1853, 1871 omit 68e analyze] analyse 1853, 1871 69a Signors] signors 1871 69b Wisdom,] wisdom, 1871 69c Virtue,] virtue, 1871

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70a “Sir, Sir, what is all this about? … whispers consolation.] 1853, 1871 omit 71a God!] god! 1871 71b When I began … the life of man.] 1853, 1871 omit 71c And so,] But 1853, 1871 71d Park Gates.] park gates. 1853; 1871 71e I] we 1853, 1871 72a Luigi and the pages] Luigi and Spiridion, who had preceded their master, 1853, 1871 72b his Grace,] the Duke, 1853, 1871 72c toilette] toilet 1853, 1871 72d cognizant] cognisant 1853, 1871 72e This important principle … literature.] 1853, 1871 omit this note, which appeared at the end of Volume I in 1831 72f ride.] drive. 1853, 1871 73a Spiridion stood … the fall of Niagara.] 1853, 1871 omit 73b Duke,] duke, 1853, 1871 73c simple … jewels.] simple. 1853, 1871 73d imply; nevertheless … supernatural.] imply. 1853, 1871 73e Luigi advanced … so sweetly!] 1853, 1871 omit 74a marked affection:] affection: 1871 74b to] from 1853, 1871 74c I] We 1853, 1871 74d Princes] princes 1853, 1871 74e Duke] duke 1853, 1871 74f Earl] earl 1853, 1871 74g I am] We are 1853, 1871 74h I am quite] quite 1853, 1871 74i I] we 1853, 1871 74j I] we 1853, 1871 74k I]we 1853, 1871 74l Peer,] peer, 1871 74m But that is past … in his way.] 1853, 1871 omit 75a North,] north, 1853, 1871 75b I would particularize two gentlemen that caught my eye.] we would particular- ise two gentlemen. 1853, 1871 75c baronets,] Baronets, 1853, 1871 75d I never saw] It was not easy to see 1853, 1871 76a only whose father] whose father only 1853, 1871 76b In fathers, Nature gives us … grinning grooms!] 1853, 1871 omit 76c Con. Don Juan, Cant. I. s. 216.] 1853, 1871 omit this note, which appeared at the end of Volume I in 1831 76d Half a century ago … nectar.] 1853, 1871 omit this note, which appeared at the end of Volume I in 1831 78a Shade of my grandsire … how can you run on so, Madam!] 1853, 1871 omit 78b Our Duke but little recked of his decease or his digestion.] Our Duke, however, had not reached the age of retrospection. 1853, 1871 78c But this chapter … too long.] 1853, 1871 omit 79a Sir,”] sir,” 1853, 1871

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79b know,] known 1853, 1871 79c any one] anyone 1871 79d any one] anyone 1871 79e any thing,] anything, 1853, 1871 79f “Certainly not,”] “Oh, no!” 1853, 1871 79g May] Miss 1853, 1871 80a Gamekeeper.] keeper. 1853, 1871 80b great sportsman,”] sportsman,” 1871 80c the very palace of Nimrod?”] the palace of Nimrod!” 1853, 1871 80d moralizing] moralising 1853, 1871 80e chace.”] chase.” 1853, 1871 80f the most supercilious] supercilious 1871 81a Duchesse de Berri and the Duchesse] Duchess de Berri and the Duchess 1853, 1871 81b as] so 1853, 1871 81c teazing] teasing 1853, 1871 81d patronizing] patronising 1853, 1871 83a chace] chase 1871 83b I quote this line … Athens.] 1853, 1871 omit this note, which appeared at the end of Volume I in 1831 83c Library,] library, 1871 83d Picture Gallery] picture gallery 1871 83e Conservatory,] conservatory, 1871 83f pony-chaise] pony-chair 1853, 1871 84a I am] we are 1853, 1871 84b developes] develops 1871 84c They may talk of waltzing … But to our morning party.] 1853, 1871 omit 84d remained in bed till four o’clock.] did not rise. 1853, 1871 85a For a young gentleman … delicious joy!] 1853, 1871 omit 85b every thing] everything 1853, 1871 86a Luigi offered … expensive luxury.] 1853, 1871 omit 86b Bad.] ill. 1853, 1871 87a your] the 1853, 1871 87b your] the 1853, 1871 87c you] one 1853, 1871 87d “Twelve hours, by George!”] “A capital run. I think the last forty minutes the most splitting thing we have had for a long time!” 1853, 1871 87e beast!”] animal!” 1871 88a every body,”] everybody,” 1853, 1871 88b very fortunate] fortunate 1871 88c not staked any thing] not staked anything 1853; not really staked anything 1871 88d May] Miss 1853, 1871 88e every thing,”] everything,” 1853, 1871 88f be] lie 1871 88g They think … the beauty of.] 1871 omits 88h Sir Chetwode Chetwode of Chetwode, and Sir Tichborne Tichborne of Tich- borne] Sir Chetwode and Sir Tichborne 1871

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88i May] Miss 1853, 1871 88j vivans?”] vivants?” 1871 88k I] we 1871 88l the most brilliant] brilliant 1871 89a an] a 1853, 1871 89b cachemires,] cashmeres, 1853, 1871 89c mean time,] meantime, 1853, 1871 89d your Grace,] Duke of St. James, 1871 89e May] Miss 1853, 1871 89f independent] independently 1853, 1871 89g any thing] anything 1853, 1871 90a very tremendous] tremendous 1871 90b Romance] romance 1871 90c May] Miss 1853, 1871 90d Gentles] gentles 1871 91a Romancing] romancing 1871 91b a most elegant] an elegant 1871 92a Masque,”] masque,” 1871 92b open,] open 1853, 1871 92c Oh! I] I 1871 92d May] Miss 1853, 1871 92e “To-morrow, to-morrow!”] “To-morrow!” 1853, 1871 92f indited] indicted 1853, 1871 94a a couple of] some 1871 94b May] Miss 1853, 1871 94c the richest] rich 1871 94d Half way,] Halfway, 1853, 1871 94e Rosemount,] Rosemont, 1871 94f these] such 1871 94g May] Miss 1853, 1871 94h May] Miss 1853, 1871 94i a full] an 1871 95a I] we 1853, 1871 95b I] we 1853, 1871 95c I] we 1853, 1871 95d he] he had 1853, 1871 95e I] we 1853, 1871 95f I] we 1853, 1871 95g me] us 1853, 1871 95h my] our 1853, 1871 95i Chapel,] chapel, 1871 95j Riding-house,] riding-house, 1871 96a Marquee,] marquee, 1853, 1871 96b confectionary] confectionery 1871 96c something miraculous!] marvellous! 1871 96d I, for my] we, for our 1853, 1871 96e my opinion, should be young, – so I raise my] our opinion, should be not too old, so we raise our 1853, 1871

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96f Sir Chetwode Chetwode of Chetwode, or of Sir Tichborne Tichborne of Tich- borne,] Sir Chetwode Chetwode or of Sir Tichborne Tichborne, 1871 96g very good-natured] good-natured 1871 96h mean time,] meantime, 1853, 1871 96i Ottoman.] ottoman. 1853, 1871 96j Answer me this:] Answer this: 1853, 1871 96k Faulconcourt,] Falconcourt, 1871 97a the most excited] excited 1853, 1871 97b Heaven.] heaven. 1853, 1871 99a Pretty Puss! By Heavens!”] By Heavens!” 1853, 1871 99b He advanced … green frock.”] 1853, 1871 omit 99c May] Miss 1853, 1871 99d your Grace requires?”] you require?” 1871 99e Oh!] O! 1853, 1871 99f Oh!] O! 1853, 1871 99g realized,] realized, 1853, 1871 99h “My Lord, – I have permitted you] “I have permitted your Grace 1853, 1871 99i perfectly astounded] astounded 1871 100a my Lord,] Duke of St. James, 1853, 1871 100b “My Lord, you] “You 1853, 1871 100c “My Lord,”] “My Lord Duke,” 1853, 1871 100d “My Lord, as mistress of] “At 1871 100e had] hath 1871 101a Sir,] sir, 1853, 1871 101b “Your Grace is] “You are 1871 101c my Lord Duke,] Duke of St. James, 1853, 1871 101d good that] good 1871 101e “My Lord, my Lord,] “My Lord Duke, 1871 101f I am rather ] I may be 1871 101g that, that] that 1871 101h “My Lord, enmity] “Enmity 1853, 1871 101i very strong] strong 1871 101j very much] much 1871 102a Park.] park. 1871 102b miles] distance 1853, 1871 102c I] We 1853, 1871 103a Oh!] O! 1853, 1871 103b The] the 1871 105a 1853, 1871 omit this chapter 110a “Lucy! I] “I 1853, 1871 110b towards] against 1853, 1871 110c protegé] protégé 1853, 1871 110d Lachen, – I am sure I need say no more … something] Lachen, something 1853, 1871 110e pages.] page. 1853, 1871 110f dear] good 1853, 1871 111a dispatch.] despatch. 1871 111b Give … Lucy.] 1853, 1871 omit

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111c Marquis] Marquess 1871 111d every thing] everything 1871 112a Talking … Cuffe.] 1853, 1871 omit 112b my] our 1853, 1871 112c to] from 1853, 1871 112d Lords and Signors] lords and signors 1871 112e Corn] Wheat 1853, 1871 113a moveable] movable 1853, 1871 113b sympathized] sympathised 1853, 1871 113c cup.] race. 1853, 1871 113d Oriental Eunuch.] oriental eunuch. 1871 113e I] we 1853, 1871 113f villa] place 1871 113g an] a 1871 114a the constant but] the 1853, 1871 114b exquisite] exquisits 1871 115a turf.] Turf. 1871 115b every thing] everything 1853, 1871 115c six] some 1871 115d most desperately.] desperately. 1871 116a mean time,] meantime, 1853, 1871 117a excitation] excitement 1853, 1871 118a Lord] lord 1871 118b now it was a king.] now a king. 1871 118c civilized] civilised 1853, 1871 118d very young] young 1871 118e very young] young 1871 118f Aria,] aria, 1871 119a idiotism,] idiotcy, 1853; idiocy, 1871 119b I] we 1853, 1871 119c rolled round] moved 1853, 1871 120a very celebrated] celebrated 1871 120b Parias,] Pariahs, 1853, 1871 120c most comprehensive] comprehensive 1871 120d Soupirs] Soupers, 1853; Soupers 1871 120e acquaintance both with] knowledge both of 1853, 1871 120f performance] perfomance 1831; 1853, 1871 correct to ‘performance’ 121a every thing] everything 1853, 1871 121b as] so 1853, 1871 121c upon] on 1871 121d check,] cheque, 1853, 1871 121e the “New World.”] ‘The New World.’ 1871 121f as] so 1853, 1871 121g Roué,] roué, 1853, 1871 121h the chance of a] a chance of a 1853; a chance of 1871 121i Ladyship] ladyship 1871 121j bird] Bird 1871 122a sympathize.] sympathise. 1853, 1871

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122b short,] rather short, 1853, 1871 122c very easy;] easy; 1871 122d very courteous,] courteous, 1871 122e amazingly unembarrassed.] unembarrassed. 1871 123a great readiness,] readiness, 1871 123b perfectly miserable.] miserable. 1871 123c broke] broken 1871 123d great boldness,] boldness, 1871 123e I] We 1853, 1871 123f very devoted] devoted 1871 124a woman] women 1853, 1871 124b I] We 1853, 1871 124c had made himself master of all the great political questions,] make themselves masters of great questions, 1853, 1871 124d had] who 1853, 1871 124e was] are 1853, 1871 124f himself.] themselves. 1853, 1871 124g great favourite with the women.] favourite with women. 1871 124h man,” (oh! that odious, canting, un-English word!)] man.” 1853, 1871 124i He must dress … bathe in violets.] 1853, 1871 omit and no paragraph break 125a toilette] toilet 1853, 1871 125b What – what] What 1853, 1871 126a idolized,] idolised, 1853, 1871 126b them.] it. 1871 127a so diametrically] diametrically 1871 128a confident,] confidante, 1853; confidant, 1871 128b returned to England … another time.] returned to England. 1853, 1871 129a morocco] Russian 1853, 1871 130a hold] holds 1871 130b neutralize] neutralise 1853, 1871 130c a little uneasy;] uneasy; 1871 130d much, Lucy,] much, 1853, 1871 130e something, Lucy] something, 1853, 1871 130f very miserable.”] miserable.” 1871 130g devil!”] deuce!” 1871 130h Lucius,] Sir Lucius, 1853, 1871 130i Pray, pray] Pray 1853, 1871 131a about a minute.] a moment. 1853, 1871 131b secret, Lucy.] secret. 1853, 1871 131c Lucy,”] My friend,” 1853, 1871 131d know, Bertha,] know 1853, 1871 132a “You! Lucy!”] “You!” 1853, 1871 134a parvenu] parvenus 1871 134b owes his, or rather her,] owe their 1871 134c her] their 1871 134d her] their 1871 134e very unattainable] unattainable 1871 134f the tactics] tactics 1853, 1871

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134g I] We 1853, 1871 134h very different] different 1871 135a civilized] civilised 1853, 1871 135b excessively] very 1853, 1871 135c I confess, is my] we confess, is our 1853, 1871 135d I have often caught] You may catch 1853, 1871 135e Withdrew,] withdraw, 1871 135f civilization] civilisation 1853, 1871 136a very green,] green, 1871 136b After all, all conversation … holy ancestry!] 1853, 1871 omit 136c To our tale – to our tale:] To our tale: 1853, 1871 137a alchymy,] alchemy, 1871 137b passion,] emotion, 1871 137c universal] general 1871 137d dinners were] dinner was 1853, 1871 137e very happy] happy 1871 137f extremely natural.] natural. 1871 137g each] either 1853, 1871 138a loveable,] lovable, 1871 138b I think] Perhaps 1853, 1871 138c Independent] Independently 1853, 1871 138d perfect confidence] confidence 1871 138e very seldom] seldom 1871 139a champaigned with her on the river;] drank wine with her at a water party; 1853, 1871 139b joys] happiness 1853, 1871 140a I liked, I] we liked, we 1853, 1871 140b water, – and my cookery has been admired … not of reading: but] water; but 1871 140c Dolby.] Ude. 1853, 1871 140d paté] pâté 1871 140e Toadey] Toady 1871 141a I] we 1853, 1871 141b I] we 1853, 1871 141c myself] ourselves 1853, 1871 141d for I think that] for 1853, 1871 141e I] we 1853, 1871 141f “Pooh! pooh!] “Pooh! 1871 141g very particular?] remarkable? 1853, 1871 141h Ottomans] ottomans 1853, 1871 141i “Most unquestionably,”] “Unquestionably,” 1853, 1871 142a Hock.”] hock.” 1853, 1871 142b Meerschaums,”] meerschaums,” 1853, 1871 142c Champagnys] Dalmaines 1853, 1871 142d St. James,”] Duke,” 1853, 1871 142e May] Miss 1853, 1871 142f Champagny] Dalmaine 1853, 1871 142g Champagny,] Dalmaine, 1853, 1871

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142h Champagny,] Dalmaine, 1853, 1871 142i “Champagny … Mr. Annesley.] 1853, 1871 omit 142j very fortunate,] fortunate, 1871 142k one of those unendurables, fit only for a regiment.] unendurable. 1853, 1871 142l too familiar,”] familiar,” 1871 142m great remedy,”] remedy,” 1871 142n still greater indignation.] indignation. 1853, 1871 142o very shocking,”] shocking,” 1871 142p “do] “Do 1853, 1871 143a “Very well] “Well 1871 143b took her home] invited her 1853, 1871 143c with a whole bevy, and Claudius] with Claudius 1853, 1871 143d very much] much 1871 143e Henry] Charles 1853, 1871 143f Tiger.”] tiger.” 1871 143g That girl … spleen!”] 1853, 1871 omit 143h “You should buy her … a bore.] 1853, 1871 omit 143i Annesley?”] Annesley, who used to laugh so?” 1871 144a ambassador] Ambassador 1853 144b a penchant,] some diplomatic ability, 1853, 1871 144c James.] James. ‘I really think she dances with more aplomb than any of them.’ 1853, 1871 144d a most extravagant scoundrel,”] a most extravagant fellow,” 1853; an extravagant fellow,” 1871 144e half] nearly 1853, 1871 144f Why, this … included cigars.”] 1853, 1871 omit 144g mother-of-pearl] Pearl 1853; pearl 1871 144h “Mille Colonnes] “Millecolonnes 1853, 1871 144i St. James.] Duke. 1853, 1871 144j “These are pretty] “Those are clever 1853, 1871 145a by,] bye, 1853, 1871 145b in the bow-window,] there 1853, 1871 145c sporting] having 1871 145d “Agreed! Really, if] “Agreed! If 1853; “If 1871 145e rather amusing.] amusing. 1871 145f the best vessel in the club; copper-bottom, crack crew, and ten knots an hour.”] the crack vessel in the club.” 1853, 1871 145g “You are all witnesses,” said Lord Squib, “and so I] “I 1853, 1871 145h purser’s] his 1853, 1871 145i Henry] Charles 1853, 1871 145j Champagnys] Dalmaines 1853, 1871 145k increased and unusual] unusual 1853, 1871 146a a very] an 1871 146b fête-champetre,] fête-champêtre, 1853, 1871 146c authorize] authorise 1853, 1871 146d fête-champetre,] fête-champêtre, 1853, 1871 146e present, gentlemen, be] present, be 1853, 1871 146f too much] much 1871

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147a he] Arundel 1853, 1871 147b extremely] rather 147c mean time,] meantime, 1853, 1871 147d every thing,] everything, 1853, 1871 148a farther.] further. 1853, 1871 148b May] Miss 1853, 1871 148c May] Miss 1853, 1871 148d the] a 1871 149a favorable] favourable 1853, 1871 149b May] Miss 1853, 1871 149c civilized] civilised 1853, 1871 150a despatched] dispatched 1853, 1871 150b britscha!] britzska! 1853, 1871 150c Heavens,] heavens, 1853, 1871 150d cavalcade] calvacade 1871 150e Oh!] O, 1853, 1871 150f I] We 1853, 1871 151a Sevre] Sevres 1871 151b Court] court 1871 151c I] We 1853, 1871 151d I] we 1853, 1871 151e my] our 1853, 1871 151f Paradise] paradise 1871 151g I] we 1853, 1871 151h my] our 1853, 1871 151i dejeuner] dejeuner 1853; déjeûner 1871 152a Lord.] lord. 1871 152b I] we 1853, 1871 152c an] a 1871 152d assembled] re-assembled 1853, 1871 152e mauvaise honte] false shame 1853, 1871 152f boutiques.] stalls. 1853, 1871 152g May] Miss 1853, 1871 152h laughed.] smiled. 1853, 1871 152i May] Miss 1853, 1871 153a May] Miss 1853, 1871 154a Villa,] villa, 1871 154b Truly,] truly, 1853, 1871 154c Oh!] O! 1871 154d Oh!] O! 1853, 1871 154e her’s] hers 1853, 1871 154f If] if 1853, 1871 154g May] Miss 1853, 1871 154h the Baronet] Sir Lucius 1853, 1871 155a Manage it – manage it:] Manage it: 1853, 1871 155b Oh!] O, 1853, 1871 155c authorized,] authorised, 1853, 1871 156a Sir Lucius Grafton,] Grafton, 1853, 1871

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156b As] So 1853, 1871 157a gray] grey 1871 157b a very] an 1871 157c “With the greatest willingness.”] “Willingly.” 1853, 1871 157d hands with great cordiality,] hands, 1853, 1871 157e Opera] opera 1871 158a May] Miss 1853, 1871 158b May] Miss 1853, 1871 159a Legion.] legion. 1871 159b May] Miss 1853, 1871 159c May] Miss 1853, 1871 159d Ottoman.] ottoman. 1853, 1871 159e Ecarté] Ecart 1853; écarté 1871 159f toilette,] toilet, 1853, 1871 160a H—ll!”] h—ll!” 1871 160b of course magnanimous,] magnanimous, 1853, 1871 161a Fête:] fête: 1871 161b all evil.] all this evil. 1853, 1871 161c monies,] moneys, 1871 162a May] Miss 1853, 1871 162b mean time,] meantime, 1853, 1871 162c the Baronet.] Sir Lucius. 1871 162d May] Miss 1853, 1871 162e many hours.] hours. 1871 164a Baronet.] man. 1871 164b I cannot say] it is difficult to say 1853, 1871 164c My] Our 1853, 1871 164d two] only two 1871 164e May] Miss 1853, 1871 165a I trust you will not be displeased.] 1853, 1871 omit 165b quite accidental?] accidental? 1853, 1871 165c unhappy business;] business; 1853, 1871 165d most unintentionally] unintentionally 1853, 1871 165e sweet hope,] hope, 1853, 1871 165f some] same 1831; 1853, 1871 correct to ‘some’ 165g Club House.] Clubhouse. 1871 165h gaming] playing 1853, 1871 165i Berghen.] Berghem. 1853, 1871 165j banker’s account,] resources, 1853, 1871 166a the mysterious Mr. Upcott … among the Apennines.] a collector of autographs. 1853, 1871 166b Dawson Turner … letters.] 1853, 1871 omit this note, which appeared at the end of Volume II in 1831 166c the most overwhelming] overwhelming 1853, 1871 166d “The Duke of St. James,”/ &c. &c. &c.] “The Duke of St. James, &c. &c. &c.” 1853; 1871 omits 166e any thing] anything 1853, 1871 166f Opera] opera 1871

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166g mean time,] meantime, 1853, 1871 167a moralizing] moralising 1853, 1871 167b very simple] simple 1871 167c Sir!”] sir!” 1853, 1871 168a very corrupt] corrupt 1871 168b Mariée,] mariée, 1871 168c Fairy Tale,] fairy tale, 1871 168d netting] knitting- 1871 168e attend] accompany 1853, 1871 168f Opera] opera 1853, 1871 168g very odd,] odd, 1871 168h great firmness,] firmness, 1871 168i House] house 1871 169a fearful agitation,] agitation, 1853, 1871 169b an expression of vindictive hate,] a vindictive expression, 1853; a vindictive expression of hate, 1871 169c Oh!] O! 1853, 1871 169d spare me, spare me!”] spare me!” 1853, 1871 169e dearest] dear 1853, 1871 169f spare me, spare me.] spare me. 1853; spare me. 1871 169g own] dear 1871 170a Legation,] Embassy, 1871 170b Independence,] independence, 1871 170c Oh,] O, 1853, 1871 170d kisses.] kisses 1831; 1853, 1871 correct to ‘kisses.’ 171a bow-window,] White’s, 1853, 1871 171b responded] respondent 1871 171c sympathized] sympathised 1853, 1871 172a bonhommie] bonhomie 1871 172b Pacha instead of a Peer,] pacha instead of a peer, 1871 172c May] Miss 1853, 1871 172d authorized] authorised 1853, 1871 173a May] Miss 1853, 1871 173b Orange Terrace,] orange terrace, 1871 173c elegant] airy 1853, 1871 173d very often] often 1871 173e the most elaborate] elaborate 1871 174a imploring.] imploringly. 1871 174b by,] bye, 1853, 1871 174c third] next 1853, 1871 175a “My Lord, you are the last man] “You are the last person 1853, 1871 175b My Lord, as] As 1853, 1871 175c most complete] complete 1853, 1871 175d “Oh!] “O! 1853, 1871 175e “My Lord, we] “We 1853, 1871 176a as] so 1853, 1871 176b then, my Lord,] then, 1853, 1871 176c you mean, my Lord.] you mean. 1853, 1871

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176d “My Lord, your] “Your 1853, 1871 176e My Lord, pardon] Pardon 1853, 1871 176f others, my Lord,] others 1853, 1871 176g May] Miss 1853, 1871 176h Lord,] dear Duke of St. James, 1853, 1871 183a This scene should have been touching … return of post.] 1853, 1871 omit 184a revolutionized.] revolutionised. 1853, 1871 184b Despair] despair 1853, 1871 184c Opera] opera 1871 184d “Bulkley,”] “Mr. Bulkley,” 1853, 1871 184e any body] anybody 1853, 1871 184f have easily] easily have 1853, 1871 185a any one,] anyone 1871 185b “Any thing] “Anything 1853, 1871 186a None of your paltry … produce.] 1853, 1871 omit 186b very young man, very tall, with a very fine figure, and very fine features.] young man, tall, with a fine figure, and fine features. 1853, 1871 186c after-representative] apter representative 1853, 1871 186d very different] different 1871 186e very intimate] intimate 1871 186f most distinguished] distinguished 1871 186g was] had been 1871 186h ladies] friends 1853, 1871 187a His Grace and the Bird of Paradise … jennet.] 1853, 1871 omit and no paragraph break 187b Having] And having 1853, 1871 187c The doors are thrown open … blaze affects my sight.] 1853, 1871 omit 187d Every thing] Everything 1853, 1871 187e Hebe, by Bertolini, bounded] Hebe, bounded 1853, 1871 187f or molu.] ormolu. 1853, 1871 188a most refined, most exquisite, and most various.] refined, exquisite, various. 1853, 1871 188b unincumbered] unencumbered 1871 188c gourmandize;] gourmandise; 1871 188d It was amusing to observe … composure.] 1853, 1871 omit 188e Ah! mon Dieu! I] I 1853, 1871 188f the least effect.] effect. 1853, 1871 188g The dancing-dogs … shocking!”] 1853, 1871 omit 188h Lady Squib,] a lady who affected the wit of Lord Squib, 1853, 1871 188i “Oh! the dancing-dogs, my dear ladies! everybody] “Everybody 1871 188j Mrs. Annesley.] another lady, who was as refined as Mr. Annesley, her model. 1853, 1871 188k dancing dogs!”] dancing-dogs!” 1853; dancings-dogs!” 1871 188l Mrs. Montfort, who admiring] Mrs. Montfort, who was as dignified as she was beautiful, and who, admiring 1853, 1871 189a to the Spaniard.] to a Spanish danseuse, tall, dusky and lithe, glancing like a lynx and graceful as a jennet. She was very silent, but no doubt indicated the

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possession of Cervantic humour by the sly calmness with which she exhausted her own waiter, and pillaged her neighbours. 1853, 1871 189b the little French lady, with great animation, always] a little French actress, highly finished like a miniature, who scarcely ate anything, but drank champagne and chatted with equal rapidity and composure, and who was always 1853, 1871 189c so thirsty as French … hungry.”] 1853, 1871 omit 189d seriously asked the pseudo Lady Afy.] asked a sister of Mrs. Montfort, a tall fair girl, who looked sentimental, but was only silly. 1853, 1871 189e Lady Squib,] the fair rival of Lord Squib, 1853, 1871 189f gentlemanly] gentlemanlike 1853, 1871 189g souflée.”] soufflée.” 1853, 1871 189h Lady Squib.] the witty lady. 1853, 1871 189i St. James,”] Duke,” 1853, 1871 190a sugar plums] sugarplums 1853, 1871 190b This was the invariable custom at Strawberry Hill.] 1853, 1871 omit this note, which appeared at the end of Volume II in 1831 191a as Casti himself, or rather Mr. Rose, choicely sings, yet] yet 1853, 1871 191b Mon Dieu! what taste! what taste!”] what taste!” 1853, 1871 191c other,] another, 1853, 1871 191d Here, voici!”] Here,” 1853, 1871 191e got. Vo i c i , voici!”] got.” 1853, 1871 191f what lace! what lace! what lace!”] what lace!” 1853, 1871 191g St. James,] Duke, 1853, 1871 191h Come here, come here, sit next me.] Come here, sit next to me. 1853, 1871 191i seduisant,] séduisant, 1853, 1871 191j was of the] was the 1853, 1871 191k gilt] golden 1853, 1871 191l were entirely of plate looking-glass,] were of looking-glass, 1853, 1871 192a orchestra, and here the pages … domestic band.] orchestra. 1853, 1871 192b slunk away.] retreated from the lists. 1853, 1871 192c monopolized] monopolised 1853, 1871 192d all the dancers had disappeared.] the whirl had ceased. 1853, 1871 192e most beautiful] beautiful 1853, 1871 192f very broad, full of the rarest and most delicious] broad, full of rare and delicious 1853, 1871 192g the skilful arrangement of a coloured lamp,] a skilful arrangement of coloured light, 1853, 1871 192h thus they were] they were thus 1853, 1871 192i Theatre,] theatre, 1871 192j to the horror of Mr. Annesley, with a visit to the Gallery,] with a visit to the gallery, 1853, 1871 192k Enough champaigne had been quaffed to render any proposition palatable, and, in] In 1853, 1871 193a Mrs. Montfort and her sister … Signora!] 1853, 1871 omit 195a Pantomime] pantomime 1871 195b Pantomime] pantomime 1871 196a expence] expense 1853, 1871

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196b Palace] palace 1871 197a I think – at least, I think I think … dessert.] 1853, 1871 omit 198a I] we 1853, 1871 198b I] we 1853, 1871 198c ornamented] ornamental 1853, 1871 198d I] we 1853, 1871 198e Loyal] loyal 1853, 1871 198f hunted,] sported, 1871 199a at] in 1853, 1871 199b Mamma] mamma 1871 199c panegyrized] panegyrised 1871 199d brown] dark 1853, 1871 200a or] and 1871 200b my] our 1853, 1871 200c I] We 1853, 1871 200d intercourse; and if … There is] intercourse. There is 1853, 1871 200e developement] development 1853, 1871 200f civilization,] civilisation, 1853, 1871 200g sympathize.] sympathise. 1853, 1871 200h me] us 1853, 1871 200i I] we 1853, 1871 201a Not that … trait.] 1853, 1871 omit 201b I] We 1853, 1871 201c If I were to puzzle my brains for ever, I] If we were to puzzle our brains for ever, we 1853, 1871 201d I] we 1853, 1871 201e I] we 1853, 1871 201f I] we 1853, 1871 201g I] we 1853, 1871 201h I] we 1853, 1871 202a After all, I may be mistaken … philosophy.] 1853, 1871 omit and insert paragraph break 202b I] we 1853, 1871 202c a warmth] warmth 1853, 1871 203a thrust] thrown 1853, 1871 203b treated.] lived. 1853, 1871 203c realized] realised 1853, 1871 203d realized] realised 1853, 1871 204a her’s,] hers, 1853, 1871 204b her’s] hers 1853, 1871 205a Oh!] O! 1853, 1871 206a I] We 1853, 1871 206b I] We 1853, 1871 206c my] our 1853, 1871 206d “frigate”] “Frigate” 1871 206e every thing] everything 1853, 1871 206f encreasing] increasing 1853, 1871

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207a I do not know how it is, but it certainly seems … the envoy’s bag.] 1853, 1871 omit 208a But where] Where 1853, 1871 208b I] We 1853, 1871 208c mountains.] heights. 1853, 1871 209a I always know something] Something 1853, 1871 209b most neatly] neatly 1853, 1871 209c mansion, liveries, carriages,] mansion, 1853, 1871 209d addition] addtion 1831; 1853, 1871 correct to ‘addition’ 210a every thing] everything 1853, 1871 210b mean time,] meantime, 1853, 1871 210c every body] everybody 1853, 1871 210d James’s] James’ 1853, 1871 210e as] so 1853, 1871 210f Rottindean] Rottingdean 1853, 1871 210g Theatre:] theatre: 1871 210h “The School] the “School 1871 211a The two young noblemen] They 1853, 1871 211b Theatre] theatre 1871 211c the most marked] marked 1871 211d his] the 1871 211e ruffled] rated 1871 211f I] we 1853, 1871 211g my] our 1853, 1871 212a could alone] alone could 1871 212b I] we 1853, 1871 212c any thing] anything 1853, 1871 212d connexion] connection 1853, 1871 212e Rouge et Noir] rouge et noir 1871 212f après.] après. 1853, 1871 212g Napoleon] napoleon 1871 212h I know that I am] We know that we are 1853, 1871 212i I declare my] we declare our 1853, 1871 212j be his rank, or apparent] his apparent 1853, 1871 213a Rouge et Noir,] rouge et noir, 1871 213b (I speak not of the irreclaimable) feels] feels 1853, 1871 213c I] we 1853, 1871 213d I] we 1853, 1871 214a upon] on 1871 214b authorized] authorised 1853, 1871 214c to] from 1853, 1871 214d silly] silky 1853, 1871 214e very different] different 1871 214f very short] short 1871 214g or] and 1871 214h chattering] chatting 1853, 1871 215a Ghoul.] ghoul. 1853, 1871 216a any thing.] anything. 1853, 1871

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216b every thing.] everything. 1853, 1871 216c very large!”] large!” 1871 216d by,] bye, 1853, 1871 217a every thing] everything 1853, 1871 217b any one] anyone 1853, 1871 217c Ecarté.] écarté. 1871 217d very briskly.] briskly. 1871 217e any thing very decisive.] anything very decisive. 1853; anything decisive. 1871 217f as] so 1853, 1871 217g I] we 1853, 1871 218a sat] set 1853, 1871 218b memorandums] memoranda 1871 218c mean time,] meantime, 1853, 1871 218d every thing.] everything. 1853, 1871 218e toilette,] toilet, 1853, 1871 218f every thing] everything 1853, 1871 218g sympathize] sympathise 1853, 1871 219a me] us 1853, 1871 221a OH!] O! 1853, 1871 221b Oh!] O! 1853, 1871 221c Oh!] O! 1853, 1871 221d my] our 1853, 1871 221e friskness.] friskiness. 1853, 1871 221f Park:] park: 1853, 1871 221g a very] an 1871 221h any thing,] anything, 1853, 1871 221i britscha,] britzska, 1853, 1871 222a every thing, tried every thing,] everything, tried everything, 1853, 1871 223a very great] great 1871 223b chains;] bracelets; 1853, 1871 223c Oh,] O, 1853, 1871 224a unburthen] unburden 1871 224b sympathize] sympathise 1853, 1871 224c Squib. He] Squib; he 1853, 1871 224d privy] cabinet 1853, 1871 226a lord;] Lord; 1853, 1871 226b any thing] anything 1853, 1871 226c with a long red van,] in a red drag, 1853, 1871 226d hotel,] Hotel, 1871 226e I] we 1853, 1871 226f every thing,] everything, 1853, 1871 227a civilized] civilised 1853, 1871 227b segars] cigars 1853, 1871 227c patronized] patronised 1853, 1871 228a Every body] Everybody 1853, 1871 228b I say it is certain, though I] we say it is certain, though we 1853, 1871 228c (I am] (we are 1853, 1871 228d was,] were, 1871

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TEXTUAL VARIANTS TO PAGES 229–39

229a her] him 1853, 1871 229b had she] she had 1853, 1871 229c diplomatized,] diplomatised, 1871 229d stept] stepped 1871 229e I] We 1853, 1871 229f I am not one of] we are not of 1853, 1871 229g myself] themselves 1853, 1871 229h I] we 1853, 1871 230a I] we 1853, 1871 230b I] we 1853, 1871 230c I] we 1853, 1871 230d Mamma;] mamma; 1853, 1871 230e But is it true? I hope not … post-paid.] 1853, 1871 omit 231a sympathize] sympathise 1853, 1871 231b sympathize] sympathise 1853, 1871 232a Sir,] sir, 1853, 1871 233a every thing.] everything. 1853, 1871 233b Marquess’s] Marquess’ 1853, 1871 233c “The New World”] the “New World” 1853, 1871 233d surely, surely,] surely, 1871 234a Heaven] heaven 1853, 1871 234b love!] dear! 1853, 1871 234c b’ye,] bye, 1853, 1871 234d Love! – Love!] Dearest Carry! 1853, 1871 235a pages] page 1853, 1871 235b britscha] britzska 1853, 1871 235c to] with 1853, 1871 235d most agreeable:] agreeable: 1853, 1871 235e to] from 1871 236a I] We 1853, 1871 236b we] one 1853, 1871 236c eulogize] eulogise 1871 236d as] so 1853, 1871 236e any thing] anything 1853, 1871 125f very eloquent;] eloquent; 1871 236g every thing,] everything, 1853, 1871 237a in the various interests] in his public duties and in the various interests 1853, 1871 238a Sir;] sir; 1871 238b May] Miss 1853, 1871 238c inquired.] enquired. 1871 238d good] old 1853, 1871 238e Sir?”] sir?” 1871 239a have never] never have 1871 239b very neat-looking mistress of a very neat little] neat-looking mistress of a neat little 1871 239c Sir.] sir. 1871 239d Sir?”] sir?” 1871

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239e very unwell,] unwell, 1871 239f Sir?] sir? 1871 239g Lady, Sir,] lady, sir, 1871 239h Sir.] sir. 1871 239i Lady long before you did, Sir).”] lady long before you did, sir).” 1871 240a most admirably.”] admirably.” 1871 240b any one.] anyone. 1853, 1871 241a very constant] constant 1871 241b to the Montingfords as herself, and which] to the Montingfords as to herself, which 1853, 1871 241c Borough,] borough, 1853, 1871 241d the greatest satisfaction] great satisfaction 1871 241e May] Miss 1853, 1871 241f every body] everybody 1853, 1871 241g cachemere and a britscha.] cashmere and a britzska. 1853, 1871 241h very little] little 1871 242a you] You 1853, 1871 242b Heidelburg] Heidelberg 1853, 1871 242c drunk] drank 1853, 1871 242d by,] bye, 1853, 1871 242e artists.] artist. 1853, 1871 243a very little] little 1871 244a my philosophy] philosophy 1853, 1871 244b I] one 1853, 1871 244c Oh! there] there 1871 244d I] we 1853, 1871 244e am] are 1853, 1871 244f experiencing; he] experiencing. He 1853, 1871 245a very pettishly.] pettishly. 1871 245b any one] anyone 1871 245c My Lord! you] You 1871 245d agonize] agonise 1871 245e shall] Shall 1871 245f Any thing.”] Anything.” 1853, 1871 245g tumults] tumult 1853, 1871 246a developement] development 1853, 1871 246b half] had 1853, 1871 246c very boldly] boldly 1871 247a every thing] everything 1853, 1871 248a and sort;] assort; 1853, 1871 248b decypher] decipher 1853, 1871 248c every thing] everything 1853, 1871 248d Chilterns] Chiltern Hundreds 1853, 1871 248e young liberal;] liberal; 1853; Liberal; 1871 248f Sir,] sir, 1871 249a County.] county. 1853, 1871 249b scamper] canter 1853, 1871 249c foists,] firsts, 1853, 1871

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TEXTUAL VARIANTS TO PAGES 249–59

249d an unruffled forehead and an unfaltering voice,] unruffled forehead and unfaltering voice, 1853, 1871 250a two hours] an hour 1853, 1871 250b harangued] addressed 1853, 1871 250c ever] long 1871 250d wonderful] surprising 1853, 1871 250e Simoom,] simoom, 1871 250f he knows] knowing 1853, 1871 251a sympathizes] sympathises 1853, 1871 251b examples] example 1853, 1871 251c often] sometimes 1853, 1871 251d very great] great 1871 252a every thing] everything 1853, 1871 252b Babington Macauley] Macauley 1853, 1871 252c Mr. Huskisson./ Mr. Huskisson] Mr. Huskisson, who 1853, 1871 252d I am not sure now, if I were king … a little truth out of you.”] 1853, 1871 omit 253a Lord Goderich … vote against them.] 1853, 1871 omit 253b quite clear,] clear, 1853, 1871 253c lower] Lower 1853, 1871 253d upper] Upper 1853, 1871 254a May] Miss 1853, 1871 255a Sir,] sir, 1871. This change and a similar change in case from ‘Ma’am’ to ‘ma’am’ are made consistently throughout this chapter, and so have not been noted from this point 255b St. James] St James 1831; 1853, 1871 correct to ‘St. James’ 255c toilette,] toilet, 1853, 1871 255d arms.”] Arms.” 1871 255e Park] park 1853, 1871 255f Parks] parks 1853, 1871 255g Park] park 1853, 1871 256a Park] park 1853, 1871 256b very trying] trying 1853, 1871 256c talking.] talking of. 1853, 1871 256d who is an intimate friend of a friend, who] who 1853, 1871 256e note, and sovereign sauce.”] note.” 1853; note!” 1871 256f every body] everybody 1853, 1871 256g any thing,] anything, 1853, 1871 257a first] the first 1853, 1871 257b any thing] anything 1853, 1871 258a aynt;] ayn’t; 1853, 1871 258b Marine,] marine, 1853, 1871 258c Marine;] marine; 1853, 1871 258d 7th] seventh 1853, 1871 259a cornelian,] carnelian, 1853, 1871 259b aynt] ayn’t 1853, 1871 259c will begin] begin 1853, 1871 259d “Aynt] “Ayn’t 1853, 1871 259e not you] you not 1853, 1871

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TEXTUAL VARIANTS TO PAGES 259–70

2 5 9 f “Ay n t ] “Ay n ’ t 1853, 1871 259g any thing,] anything, 1853, 1871 259h d—n] d— 1871 260a Marine] marine 1853, 1871 260b in] into 1853, 1871 260c Gentlemen,”] gentlemen,” 1853, 1871 260d Inn.] inn. 1853, 1871 260e Sherry.”] sherry.” 1853, 1871 260f Guard.] guard. 1853, 1871 260g Mountains] mountains 1871 260h patronized;] patronized; 1871 260i creation.] Creation. 1853, 1871 261a Damn] D— 1871 262a her’s,] hers, 1853, 1871 263a woke:] awoke: 1853, 1871 263b Mississ, Sir?”] missis, sir?” 1853, 1871. These changes are consistent throughout this chapter, and so have not been noted from this point 264a rushed up] hurried 1853, 1871 264b sympathized] sympathised 1853, 1871 264c servility] civility 1853, 1871 264d patronizing Peer, and My-Lording] patronizing Peer, and my-Lording 1853; patronising peer, and my-lording 1871 265a Peers] peers 1871 265b Ministers] ministers 1871 265c equal eloquence] eloquence 1871 265d gathered round him while he spoke,] gathered round him, 1853, 1871 265e Pro-Catholics] pro-Catholics 1853, 1871 265f address] speech 1853, 1871 265g the crack speech] the speech 1853, 1871 266a Pah, pah, pah!] Pah! 1871 267a Oh,] O, 1853, 1871 267b sympathize] sympathise 1853, 1871 267c very high] high 1871 267d very kind-hearted,] kind-hearted, 1871 267e wonder his] wonder at his 1853, 1871 269a surprise, and welcomes him with both her hands.] surprise as she welcomes him. 1853, 1871 269b Every thing] Everything 1853, 1871 269c every thing] everything 1853, 1871 269d every thing;] everything; 1853, 1871 269e Sir,”] sir,” 1853, 1871 269f Sir,] sir, 1853, 1871 270a Papa!”] papa!” 1853, 1871 270b not half so wearied as the day after hunting.] not wearied. 1853, 1871 270c any where.”] anywhere.” 1853, 1871 270d every thing] everything 1853, 1871 270e Papa,] papa, 1853, 1871 270f He took … his arm.] 1871 omits

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270g nurse] Nurse 1853, 1871 271a o’ercharged] overcharged 1853, 1871 272a “Any thing] “Anything 1853, 1871 272b 1831 omits closing quotation mark; 1853, 1871 correct 272c Sir,] sir, 1853, 1871. This change is consistent throughout this chapter, and so has not been noted from this point 272d Claret.] claret. 1853, 1871 273a apprize] apprise 1853, 1871 273b authorized] authorised 1853, 1871 273c in] on 1853, 1871 274a her’s.] hers. 1853, 1871 275a our own excited] our excited 1853, 1871 275b poets’] poet’s 1853, 1871 275c What shall I do then … after dinner.] 1853, 1871 omit 276a any thing] anything 1853, 1871 277a every thing] everything 1853, 1871 277b and a little ready money, of which he now knew the value.] a little ready money, of which he knew the value. 1853, 1871 278a connexion] connection 1853, 1871 278b connexion] connection 1853, 1871 278c commoners,] Commoners, 1853, 1871 278d connexion] connection 1853, 1871 278e “Every body] “Everybody 1853, 1871 279a Annesley] Annersley 1831; 1853, 1871 correct to ‘Annesley’ 279b lord] Lord 1853, 1871 279c Lord A.] Lord Annesley 1853, 1871 279d him] them 1871 279e farther] further 1853, 1871 279f very gratifying.] gratifying. 1871 279g Miss D.] Miss D— 1853; Miss Dacre 1871 279h “J. P.”] “Fitz-pompey” 1853, 1871 279i I] we 1853, 1871 280a May Dacre] May 1853, 1871 280b his] her 1853, 1871 280c would not work upon himself to change;] could not be induced to change; 1853, 1871 280d could] would 1853, 1871 281a recall] recal 1871 282a with] without 1853, 1871 282b letter in question was] letters in question were 1853, 1871 282c very trying;] trying; 1871 282d very hard,] hard, 1871 282e W—] Wariston 1853, 1871 282f Will] will 1871 282g with every prospect] with prospect 1871 282h negociating] negotiating 1853, 1871 282i any thing farther] anything further 1853, 1871 282j their] these 1853, 1871

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283a Macmorrogh] Macmorogh 1831; 1853, 1871 correct to ‘Macmorrogh’ 283b their] these 1853, 1871 283c and Lady Caroline; – and as her Ladyship] and his wife, and as Lady Caroline 1853, 1871 283d Reader … all joy.] 1853, 1871 omit