Profiling of Protected and Human Wildlife Conflicts Associated Wild Animals in Nepal
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PROFILING OF PROTECTED AND HUMAN WILDLIFE CONFLICTS ASSOCIATED WILD ANIMALS IN NEPAL Final Report Submitted to Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Babarmahal, Kathmandu, Nepal Conservation Development Foundation (CODEFUND) Koteshwor, Kathmandu-35, Nepal Ashadh 2074 TECHNICAL TEAM Dr. Bhuvan Keshar Sharma Prof. Dr. Tej Bahadur Thapa Dr. Govinda Basnet Dr. Sajani Shrestha Mr. Manish Kokh Shrestha Dr. Chitra Bahadur Baniya Mr. Surya Man Shrestha Mr. Purna Man Shrestha Mr. Shailendra Kumar Pokharel Mr. Juddha Bahadur Gurung Ms. Parbata Gautam Field Assistants Mr. Sujan Shrestha Mr. Basudev Poudel REVIEWER TEAM Mr. Man Bahadur Khadka Mr. Gopal Prakash Bhattarai Mr. Sher Singh Thagunna Mr. Shyam Bajimaya Dr. Buddhi Sagar Poudel Mr. Bishnu Prasad Shrestha COPYRIGHT © Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Babarmahal, Kathmandu, 2017. WAIVER The materials of this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for education or non-commercial uses, without permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. No use of this publication may be made for resale or other commercial purpose without prior permission of the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Nepal. CITATION DNPWC (2017). Profiling of Protected and Human Wildlife Conflicts Associated Wild Animals in Nepal. Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Kathmandu, Nepal. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation is acknowledged for awarding the task. Director General of DNPWC Mr. Man Bahadur Khadka, Deputy Director Generals Mr. Gopal Prakash Bhattarai and Mr. Sher Singh Thagunna for the generous help during the entire work. Conservation Education Officer Mr. Bishnu Prasad Shrestha for coordinating the program from DNPWC and providing deemed support. Bird Conservation Nepal is acknowledged for providing photograps of protected bird species. Regional Directors of Forest Mr. Rajendra Kaphle (Eastern Development Region), Mr. Ganesh Jha (Central Development Region), Dr. Buddhi Sagar Poudel (Western Development Region), Mr. Bidhyanath Jha (Mid-western Development Region), Mr. Sudir Koirala (Far-western Development Region) for providing forum, coordination and recommending sites for field varification. Chief wardens Mr. Ramesh Kumar Thapa (Bardia National Park), Mr. Bed Kumar Dhakal (Suklaphanta National Park), Mr. Bhumi Raj Upadhaya (Api-Nampa Conservation Area) for coordinating and providing forum to organize regional consulation in mid- and far-western development regions respectively. Mr. Ganesh Bahadur Karki, President of FECOFUN for cooperation in data collection using their network. Mr. Kedar Baral (DFO, Kaski), Mr. Dadhilal Kandel (DFO, Palpa), Sanjay Jiwasi (DFO Darchula), Mr. Madhav Baral (AFO, Kaski), Mr. Ahamad Atiullaha (AFO, Palpa), Mr. Purna Prasad Bharati (AFO, Syanja), Mr. Keshav Pudasaini (AFO, Dadeldhura), Mr. Amar Bahadur Bulan (AFO, Baitadi), Mr. Ram Prasad Thandan (AFO, Baitadi), Mr. Sanjaya Mahato (Sector Forest Officer, Baitadi), Mr. Rajendra Singh (Ranger, DFO Darchula) for sharing available data and information about problematic animals. Ms. Rama Shrestha, Mr. Dadhi Ram Dhakal, Mr. Krishna Prasad Bhattarai and Mr. Gopal Raj Basyal DFO officials, Palpa for sharing their experiences and providing official information about conflict associated animals. Mr. Dhan Bahadur Khadka and Mr. Tula Ram Saud (Shree Durga Devi CFUG, Doti) and local peoples Mr. Prakash Neupane-Syanja, Mr. Dev Bahadur Khamcha-Palpa, Mr. Buhan Singh Darlami-Palpa and Mr. Purna Bahadur Aslami-Palpa for sharing specific information about conflict associated wild animals of the specific sites. ii Acronym and Abbreviation ASVS Antisnake Venom Serum BZ Buffer Zone BZMC Buffer Zone Management Council CAMC Conservation Area Management Committee CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CF Community Forest CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CODEFUND Conservation Development Foundation DDC District Development Committee DFO District Forest Office DFRS Department of Forest Research and Survey DNPWC Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation DoF Department of Forests DSCO District Soil Conservation Office FECOFUN Federation of Community Forestry Users Nepal FGD Focus Group Discussion FY Fiscal Year GoN Government of Nepal GTF Global Tiger Forum HWC Human wild animal conflict IUCN International Union for the conservation of Nature and Natural Resources KII Key Informants’ Interview NBSAP Nepal Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan NTCC National Tiger Conservation Committee NTNC National Trust for Nature Conservation PAs Protected Area (s) QA Quality Assurance QC Quality Control RFD Regional Forest Directorate SAWEN South Asia Wildlife Enforcement Network ToR Terms of Reference UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change VAT Value Added Tax VDC Village Development Committee WCCCC Wildlife Crime Control Coordination Committee WCCB Wildlife Crime Control Bureau WCPA World Commission on Protected Areas WWF World Wildlife Fund NPWCA National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 2029 iii GLOSSARY Crop deredation Destruction or a loss in crop value, usefulness, or ability resulting from an action or event. Crops includes the edible species, including sugarcane and commercial banana farming, grown in the agricultural land. Human casualty Loss of human life from a fatal accident or attack from wild animals. Human injury Damage to the human body. It can be both simple and serious. Human Wildlife Conflict Any interaction between wildlife and humans which causes harm, whether it’s to the human, the wild animal, or property. Livestock depredation Vicious act of wildlife in which a farm animal is killed. Property damage Harm to tangible property, including loss of use of that property. The property damage included smash up of house or livestock shed and ravage of stored grains. Protected animals Wild animals with legal protection under NPWC Act 1973. Wild animal profiling A brief description that provides information about wild animals. Photo: B. K. Sharma iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................ ii ACRONYM AND ABBREVIATION ......................................................................................... iii GLOSSARY ......................................................................................................................... iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................ vi 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background .................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Nepal portrays remarkable picture of protected species conservation ..................................... 2 1.3 Protected and conflicts associated wild animals ................................................................... 3 1.4 Making wildlife-conflict associated to wildlife-prosperity ....................................................... 4 1.5 Socio-cultural aspects of human-wildlife conflict associated wild animals ................................ 4 1.6 Objectives ...................................................................................................................... 5 1.7 Scope and limitation ........................................................................................................ 5 2. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Criteria used to identify human wildlife conflicts .................................................................. 6 2.2 Desk review ................................................................................................................... 6 2.3 Direct/indirect consultation and interactions ....................................................................... 7 2.4 Consultative workshops ................................................................................................... 7 2.5 Complain compilation of damage caused by wildlife ............................................................. 7 2.6 Data analysis/synthesis ................................................................................................... 8 2.7 Mapping ......................................................................................................................... 8 3. RESULTS ......................................................................................................................... 9 3.1 Conflicts distribution ........................................................................................................ 9 3.2 Conflicts associated wild animals ....................................................................................... 9 3.3 Identified conflicts from wildlife......................................................................................... 9 3.5 Animal Profile ................................................................................................................ 14 3.5.1 Protected species ..................................................................................................... 15 3.5.2 Protected and human-wildlife conflict associated wild