International Journal of Kybernology ISSN : 2087-3107 Volume 5, Number 2, December 2020: 332 - 340 EVALUATION OF THE POLICY IMPLEMENTATION OF INDUSTRIAL ZONE DEVELOPMENT IN DISTRICT

Dini Yuliani1, Irfan Nursetiawan2, Ahdika R.D. Siregar3 1)2)Departement of Governmental Studies, Faculty of Social Political Science, Universitas Galuh, Ciamis 3)Council Secretariat of Ciamis District Regional Representative Council E-mail : [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

ABSTRACT This study aims to realize the implementation of Ciamis regional government policies in the development of industrial designations as stipulated in Regional Regulation Number 15 of 2012 concerning Ciamis Regency Spatial Planning 2011-2031. This research is based on policy realization, from the policy output to the public feedback (outcome). Industrialization in several business sectors must certainly have a positive impact on improving people's welfare. The grassroots community is the target of a program to increase revenue from the implementation of policies carried out by local governments. Ciamis Regency with various potentials, both in terms of area and opportunities in developing the industrial sector. The method used in this research is the qualitative descriptive method. The results obtained from this study are: (1) limited land for industrial area development; (2) the bureaucratic hierarchy in the licensing process which still takes a long time; (3) there has not been a significant impact on economic growth. Thus, a special strategy is needed, that is, sustainable collaboration can be carried out between the private sector and local government as an effort to increase the development of industrial estates that are pro-community.

Key words; Development; Public policy; Area; Industry; Bureaucracy; Investation

INTRODUCTION increase regional income through industrial Public policy is the government's main development. tool in running its government, so that good Based on Regional Regulation Number public policy is needed so that its 15 of 2012 concerning Ciamis Regency Spatial implementation can be effective. This article Planning 2011-2031, article 4 paragraph (2) discusses the implementation of the Regional states, the spatial planning policies for the Spatial Planning policy in Ciamis Regency, one Regency include: of which is the application of industrial 1. improving the management of protected designation development in the Ciamis areas; Regency area. Industrial Allocated Zones that 2. arrangement of wetland agricultural are different from Industrial Zones in their land; management and policies determined by the 3. development of environmentally government. Industrial Estate is a place of friendly and culturally friendly concentration of industrial activities equipped potential tourism; with infrastructure and facilities provided and 4. arrangement of land and forest areas; managed by industrial estate companies 5. arrangement of plantation areas; (Kwanda, 2000). 6. development of utilization of fishery The industrial investment climate in and marine potential according to Ciamis Regency has not shown the existence of sustainable potential; a contribution in improving the welfare of the 7. development of the industrial, community. However, the quality of labor in an livestock, and trade sectors to support industry varies, but one industry can produce agribusiness; more than one type of product (Darna, N., 8. development of agribusiness, tourism, Usmar, D., & Budianto, A., 2013). This should and settlement activity centers; be an opportunity for local governments to 9. development of utilization of natural resources by taking into account

DOI : 10.33701/ijok.v5i2.1431 Published: December 24th International Journal of Kybernology Volume 5, Number 2, December 2020 333

environmental sustainability and are being implemented need to be evaluated so disasters; and that the government can measure the extent of 10. increasing the functions of the State the success of the policy. Evaluation is an defense and security area; assessment of a problem that generally points to 11. controlling activities in disaster-prone the merits of the problem (Nurharjadmo, areas. Wahyu., 2008). After the division of the newly With this policy, the Regional autonomous region of Regency in Government has the authority to maximize all 2014, until now the regional government of existing regional potentials, while still aiming Ciamis Regency has not issued a new Regional for the welfare of the community. As for Regulation related to the Regional Spatial Plan, Industrial designated areas according to because it is still in the design stage. So this is Government Regulation Number 12 of 2015 the right moment to evaluate the performance concerning Industrial Estates in article 1 of the old Regional Government policies. The paragraph (3) is a stretch of land designated for importance of this policy is to foster a safe Industrial activities based on the Regional investment climate for investors who will open Spatial Plan which is determined following the businesses in the Ciamis Regency area. Until provisions of statutory regulations (Tatang, P., 2019, according to data in the One-Stop Dini, Y., & Lina, M., 2019). Investment and One-Stop Services Office of Correlation with the industrial Ciamis Regency, only 1.1% (percent) of the downstream program to build a strong and capital invested by investors in Ciamis Regency independent national industrial structure is a caused difficulties in industrial development goal of equal distribution of national and affected the job opportunities of the Ciamis development. The aim of this is to change the community as well. Apart from policy factors, mindset that has been selling raw materials the bureaucracy of obtaining permits, the high directly abroad, with this industrial downstream cost of obtaining permits, and road access are program raw materials are not just sold but are obstacles to investment development in Ciamis processed to add value to their products. This Regency. program is expected to strengthen the industrial The importance of the participation of the structure so that it can absorb a large number of private sector in supporting the investment workers and open the widest possible job climate in the regions is in line with the opportunities. For the downstream program to principles of good governance with a pattern of be more effective, it must be in line with the developing mutually beneficial cooperation regional development plan in each priority area. between the government, the community, and The central government, to increase investment the private sector. Efforts to utilize financing by development in the industrial sector, has made a the private sector aim to assist the government policy for developing industrial estates to in improving development and services to the protect, provide legal certainty and regulate the community through private investment. With management of industrial estates in an area. the increase in investment in the regions, it will Public policies that have been issued by have an impact on the economic growth of the the government and implemented should be community, because the opening of industrial measured and evaluated from these policies so areas can turn agricultural land into industrial that there are no losses in their implementation. land and have an impact on the demand for Likewise, in implementing government housing as well, which will open up programs, it needs to be measured so that the opportunities for large employment absorption. achievement of program objectives is more The government in performing its duties cannot precise and makes it easier for the preparation be separated from public policies as the basis of further programs to be better and of quality for carrying out its activities, including the (Harakan, Ahmad, 2017). Public policies that Regional Government of Ciamis Regency in an

EVALUATION OF THE POLICY IMPLEMENTATION OF INDUSTRIAL ZONE DEVELOPMENT IN CIAMIS DISTRICT (Dini Yuliani, Irfan Nursetiawan, Ahdika R.D. Siregar) 334 International Journal of Kybernology Volume 5, Number 2, December 2020 effort to improve the welfare of its people, it must be able to implement this policy. This study aims to evaluate policies related to Industrial Allocated Areas as stipulated in Regional Regulation Number 15 of 2012 concerning Ciamis Regency Spatial Planning 2011-2031. This study needs to be done so that the Ciamis Regency government immediately makes policies that provide great opportunities for improving the investment Source: Muljarijadi, Bagja (2018) climate in Ciamis Regency so that it is expected Figure. 1 Distribution of West to have an impact on improving the welfare of Investment in 2017 its people. Based on the data on the distribution of The Ciamis Regional Government in investment in the region, it can be regional development based on the Regional seen that Ciamis Regency has the lowest level Spatial Plan aims to ensure that activity centers of investment compared to the total investment are hierarchical in supporting the development in districts or cities throughout West Java. of agribusiness, tourism, industry, trade, and Seeing this data and the reality in the field, it is services. In Ciamis Regency Regional necessary to conduct a study related to the Regulation Number 15 of 2012 concerning development policy for industrial designated Regional Spatial Planning Article 34 paragraph areas in the regional regulation on RTRW of (2) Number 15 of 2012 which reads: The Ciamis Regency. existence of the Ciamis Regency RTRW One of the previous studies that Regional Regulation is very important as a examined industrial estate development policies basis for the preparation of the Ciamis Regency was Syahrudin, who evaluated the policies of Regional Development Program Plan within the the Government through next 20 years. in the future, so that development Regional Regulation Number 19 of 2004 is more focused, integrated, carried out fairly concerning the Spatial Planning and Territory and evenly. Besides that, it also ensures the use of the Karawang Regency which concluded that of space for all interests in an integrated, the implementation of these policies had not harmonious, harmonious, effective, and been optimal due to communication factors not efficient manner but remains under control so yet running between policymakers and policy that it runs in balance and transforms into a implementers, bureaucratic structures that sustainable industrial area in order to increase prevent investors from investing, and the low mutual prosperity and prosperity. quality of officials and staff in related agencies According to Syahruddin (2010) which in the Karawang local government (Syahruddin, states that industrial estate development is 2010). important to increase economic growth in the According to Aneta, A. (2012), public region, this is in line with Lumbuun's opinion policy implementation is one of the activities in (in Syahruddin, 2010) which states that local the public policy process that determines governments need to develop the economy and whether a policy is in contact with the public investment in their regions. The development of interest and can be accepted by the public. The the investment climate in West Java, Ciamis stages in implementing the policy start from the Regency is one of the areas with the lowest planning stage to the evaluation. A policy stage absorption of investment from the private sector that is no less important than policy (Muljarijadi, Bagja, 2018). This is reinforced by implementation is the policy evaluation data as contained in the data in the following process. Policy evaluation is carried out as an figure: effort to see to what extent the policy is running, whether it is following the

EVALUATION OF THE POLICY IMPLEMENTATION OF INDUSTRIAL ZONE DEVELOPMENT IN CIAMIS DISTRICT (Dini Yuliani, Irfan Nursetiawan, Ahdika R.D. Siregar) International Journal of Kybernology Volume 5, Number 2, December 2020 335 expectations or not following the objectives of incoming investment will have an impact on the policy issuance. The importance of the increasing the economic degree of an area. policy evaluation process is related to the The right planning pattern will also sustainability of the policy, whether the policy provide a sustainable contribution in terms of or program will be continued or not. the development of an area. The data relating to According to Howlet and Ramesh (in the Ciamis Regency Spatial Pattern Plan are as Fachrudin, R., 2015) state that public policy follows: evaluation is administrative in nature, which focuses on effort evaluation. This means that all Table.1 Spatial Pattern Plan forms of activities carried out by all resources Large Space Pattern Plan are recorded and then reflected in the form of (Ha) evaluations that are routinely carried out by the Cultivation Area Plan 10.602,77 leadership. Production Forest Area 2.456,27 Meanwhile, according to (Akbar, Muh. Community Forest Area 20.418,79 Food Crops Agricultural Area 30.450,12 Firyal, and Widya Kurniati Mohi, 2018), policy Horticultural Area 4.577,53 evaluation is one of the activities in the policy Plantation Area 33.362,02 implementation process which aims to assess Industrial Designated Areas 495,70 the extent to which the course of policy Urban Settlement Areas 18.785,14 relations has been carried out, whether the Rural Settlement Areas 13.368, 86 policy is feasible to continue or the policy no Source: RPJMD Ciamis Regency 2019-2024. need to continue. Local government policies related to Based on this table, the industrial area Spatial and Regional Planning in Ciamis has the smallest area, namely 495.70 Ha. This Regency are very much needed to support indicates that the Ciamis Regency Government investment in Ciamis Regency so that it can is not oriented towards the industrial sector. have an impact on economic development in With the condition of the land that is still small the Ciamis Regency area. Economic growth is and the opportunities for economic an important factor in the long-term success of improvement in this sector are still wide open, a region's economy so that each region will the Regional Government should be able to take always try to increase its economic growth and the initiative in regional development, make economic growth its economic target especially for the industrial sector. Because it (Kurniawan, A. I., Militina, T., & Suharto, R. cannot be denied, the industrial sector is one of B., 2018). the fields where the level of labor absorption is Good economic growth will have an quite high. Besides, the level of investment in impact on improving people's welfare. All an area can increase significantly. regional potentials will certainly be the main One of the determinations in industrial capital in this regard, not only natural resources areas can be done through the Analytical that can be utilized as one of the economic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The AHP method potentials, but human and technological shows the weight that affects each parameter of resources also contribute to supporting 37% (percent) for the slope of the slope, 12% economic growth. (percent) of land use, 5% (percent) of soil types, The openness of the Regional 24% (percent) of the distance to the main road, Government in providing opportunities for 3% distance to rivers, and 19% (percent) for investors must of course be followed by distance to electricity networks (Kandiawan, regional readiness and comfortable UF, & Subiyanto, S., 2017). accessibility. According to Nonnemberg and Therefore, in determining the location or Mendonca (in Sodik, J., & Nuryadin, D., 2008) area for industry, these criteria must be states, the degree of economic openness plays considered. This is possible as an effort to an important role in attracting capital. The minimize the various possibilities that could

EVALUATION OF THE POLICY IMPLEMENTATION OF INDUSTRIAL ZONE DEVELOPMENT IN CIAMIS DISTRICT (Dini Yuliani, Irfan Nursetiawan, Ahdika R.D. Siregar) 336 International Journal of Kybernology Volume 5, Number 2, December 2020 hamper the development of industrial areas in a out by viewing and studying documents, region. regulations, and statistical data relating to the Industrial development has a positive development and development of the impact on rural communities. However, it investment climate in Ciamis Regency. Data cannot be denied that there are several negative processing is carried out using triangulation impacts. (Taryoto, A. H., Kamsiah, K., techniques on the basis of avoiding and Restuwati, I., & Susilawati, T., 2014). The reducing bias in the problem formulation development of industrial estates should be process and so that the results of this study are considered while remaining in the corridor not more credible so that they can provide a harming an area, but negative impacts can be different view of the problem or phenomenon. minimized by implementing policies following Triangulation is a method of synthesizing their designation. data against its truth (Bachri, B. S., 2010). This is done to conclude from qualitative research METHOD results. So that the validity of the data in this This policy study uses a qualitative study rests on the triangulation of interview descriptive research approach, with a research results, documentation and field notes. focus on the analysis of the evaluation of the implementation of the Ciamis Regency Local RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Government policies. Therefore, the research The government has a very big task in dimension understudy is related to the content managing all aspects of public life, both private of the policy and the implementation and public. The government in carrying out its environment. This is in accordance with the duties has great legal authority and power with concept of Merilee S. Grindle (in Aji, DS public policy as its main capital. Measuring (2014) states that: the contents of the policy public policies made by the government in include: (1) the interests of the target group; (2) terms of how effective the policies are in their types of benefits; (3) the degree of change implementation, how much benefits are felt by desired; (4) location of decision making; (5) the community, and how big the solutions are program implementation; and the resources given by these policies in overcoming all involved. Meanwhile, the context of problems that arise in society. implementation includes (1) power, interests, Innovation is one of the keys to and strategies of the actors involved; (2) increasing the usefulness of public policies characteristics of institutions and authorities; made. Innovations are applied not only at the and (3) compliance and comprehension. evaluation stage of public policies but are This study focuses on collaboration applied from the start of public policy planning, between institutions that have the authority to implementation and evaluation of public implement policies for the development of policies (Sururi, A., 2016). industrial designated areas in Ciamis Regency. The government continues to make Data collection is carried out through interviews efforts to equalize development, especially in the natural environment of the interviewed through local governments, one of which is by parties with informants from the Regional making public policies that can open up Development Planning Agency, the Public investment opportunities for economic Works Office of Spatial Planning and Land, as development. The local government has a well as the Ciamis Regency One-Stop strategic role in economic development to Investment and Integrated Service Office. improve the welfare of its people. Economic This technique is used to obtain in-depth development must continue to be carried out information about the implementation of sustainably so that the objectives of the industrial allotment area development as development carried out by the government can stipulated in the Ciamis Regency RTRW be achieved, but to carry out this sustainable policy. Documentation studies were also carried

EVALUATION OF THE POLICY IMPLEMENTATION OF INDUSTRIAL ZONE DEVELOPMENT IN CIAMIS DISTRICT (Dini Yuliani, Irfan Nursetiawan, Ahdika R.D. Siregar) International Journal of Kybernology Volume 5, Number 2, December 2020 337 economic development requires considerable Ciamis Regency for its development. Based on funding. conditions in the field, the draft Regional Sustainable development is described as Regulation on Regional Spatial Planning has an improvement in the quality of life that is not yet been ratified, this condition has adjusted to the carrying capacity of the implications for the lack of direction in the environment (Fauzi, A., & Oxtavianus, A., implementation of economic development 2014). However, there is funding that must be priorities in Ciamis Regency. issued by the Regional Government in The capacity of civil society (civil actualizing the sustainable development society) and the market to answer the needs of program. The government can't fulfill this large society is getting higher. As a result, there are amount of financing itself, so it is necessary to many needs of the community as a collectivity, involve the private sector by providing business such as public and semi-public goods, which and investment opportunities for industrial are then held by non-governmental development. organizations (Mardiyanta, A., 2011). This The private sector has a share to means that the contribution of the private sector collaborate with local governments in carrying is still needed. out development. Every government activity According to Grindle (in Agustino, 2017: requires a policy as a legal basis to meet the 143) states that public policies that are needs of the community, including the considered successful can be determined at the economic development of the community. This level of policy implementability. This means to condition requires the government to always evaluate whether the policy is optimal or not prepare any policies. Planning is the first step in seen from how the policy is implemented or its realizing a just economic development. implementation. Through targeted regional development To see the success of implementing planning, taxpayers, and investment as well as policies related to the implementation of the creation of a good climate for economic industrial designated areas in Ciamis Regency, activity, regional development is part of a unity this study also uses the theory of policy that correlates with one another (Basuki, AT, & implementation from Mazmanian and Sabatier Gayatri, U., 2009). (Subarsono, 2011: 94). relating to control over Every policy made by the government policy issues whether easy to control or not. aims to improve the welfare of its people. Second, namely, the characteristics of the Likewise, the policy of the Ciamis Regency policy (the ability of statute to structure Regional Government through Regional implementation), which concerns the policy's Regulation Number 15 of 2012 concerning ability to describe the formal objectives of the Regional Spatial Planning aims to make policy through the selection of the institution development in Ciamis Regency more focused that will implement the policy, along with according to its designation, so that it can authority and support, both financial and other provide great economic benefits for the resources needed for the successful community but by sticking to sustainable implementation of the policy. Third, that policy development. In its implementation, after the implementation is influenced by environmental separation of the newly autonomous region of variables (non-statutory variables affecting in 2014 until now implementation), this variable relates to socio- Regional Regulation Number 15 of 2012 economic and technological conditions, public concerning Regional Spatial Planning has not support and support from public institutions, been changed, even though it still includes attitudes and resources of the target groups, and several regions that are now within the agreement and the executive officers' leadership Pangandaran Regency area. abilities. So it is considered that the policy is no The implementation of the Regional longer relevant to the current conditions of Regulation on Regional Spatial Planning, which

EVALUATION OF THE POLICY IMPLEMENTATION OF INDUSTRIAL ZONE DEVELOPMENT IN CIAMIS DISTRICT (Dini Yuliani, Irfan Nursetiawan, Ahdika R.D. Siregar) 338 International Journal of Kybernology Volume 5, Number 2, December 2020 regulates the development of industrial D., 2015). This means that the Regional designated areas in Ciamis Regency, faces Government as a service provider must pay several problems. First, the main problem for attention to this, especially in the investment investors is the availability of land for industrial licensing sector. Third, with the development of development. Although the government has industrial designated areas in several designated several industrial designated areas, it administrative areas that have been determined is due to the lack of socialization carried out by based on the Ciamis Regency regional the government, especially related agencies to regulation regarding the Regional Spatial the community and local village government, so Planning, there are still many that have not that the community and village government are provided significant benefits to the economic less responsive to efforts to acquire some land growth of the local community and for the and cause the selling price of land to be higher investment itself. With the stipulation of several than the price. market. Another problem is that areas such as the South Ring area of Ciamis there are still people who have not been able to Regency as industrial development areas, it is accept their areas for industrial development hoped that it can have a positive impact on the because the area is still close to agricultural economy of the community. land and residential areas. There are still many communities around Conflict will occur if there is domination industrial designated areas that have not felt the that takes absolute sides on one of the parties, positive impact on the economy. For investors, both to the private sector and the public. The feeling safe in carrying out production activities flow of policy for power, owners of capital, the is the main thing, including the mobility of its middle class, and owners of political power industrial activities. The availability of adequate continue to exploit community resources with road access in the southern ring area is still all their strength (Hasan, E., 2019). damaged and the availability of lighting is Second, the long and long licensing limited, so it is very disturbing for the smooth bureaucracy has made investors lazy to invest journey of industrial transportation. in Ciamis Regency, and there is no legality in But industrial estates can also have the development of industrial estates, but only positive and negative impacts. For a social life, at the level of policies for developing industrial the industry tends to have a positive impact, but designated areas. This legality has an important for the environment, the industry has many role in industrial development, especially in negative impacts such as water pollution, air location permits. pollution, and so on. Apart from those Licensing for both location and business mentioned earlier, in the social industrial permits is a very long process, starting from environment, there are usually social demands submissions by investors, studies from various (Ridwan, I. R., 2010). related agencies and village governments, to The success of a program or policy issuing establishment permits, and the depends on the technical aspects and behavior ignorance of new investors in the process of of policy implementers as well as other factors making permits add to the list of lengthy related to the policy. To determine the success processes for industrial establishment in Ciamis of the policy, it is necessary to evaluate by Regency. This problem requires the Ciamis identifying variables that can affect the entire Regency government to review how the implementation process in achieving its policy implementation of one-stop integrated services objectives. developed by the agency related to licensing for According to William Dunn (in industrial development. Mayangkara, A. P., 2016), there are 5 (five) Other government service bureaucratic indicators or criteria in an evaluation that reforms, public trust in the government include: (1) effectiveness; (2) adequacy; (3) decreased when dealing with licensing equalization; (4) responsiveness; and (5) documents that seemed convoluted (Tanti, E. accuracy.

EVALUATION OF THE POLICY IMPLEMENTATION OF INDUSTRIAL ZONE DEVELOPMENT IN CIAMIS DISTRICT (Dini Yuliani, Irfan Nursetiawan, Ahdika R.D. Siregar) International Journal of Kybernology Volume 5, Number 2, December 2020 339

Effectiveness in implementing policies improvement are needed to increase investment can be seen from the impact it causes and the value in the industrial sector. adequacy of supporting resources is the main Accessibility and ease of licensing will thing for the sustainability of a local attract investors to invest, and it is hoped that government policy program. Responsibility and this will increase equitable development to the objectivity of policy is an adaptive form of grassroots level. Reviewing a policy is a basic local government in supporting the evaluation that can be carried out by local development of industrial estates. governments to improve. Budgeting and policy Looking at the details of the problems effectiveness are assets, as well as the results to related to the implementation of the be achieved from any policies implemented by development policy implementation for the local government. The development of industrial designated areas in Ciamis Regency, industrial estates must certainly become a new it is necessary to evaluate the implementation of foundation in an era of disruption for equal the policy through the variable problem distribution of welfare. characteristics, policy characteristics, and the influence of the policy environment variables. REFERENCES Thus it was found, in terms of policy content it Agustino, Leo, (2017). Politik was found that the resources involved were not dan Kebijakan Publik, : AIPI. comprehensive, program implementation was Aji, D. S. (2014). Implementasi Kebijakan still stagnant, and for the target group, it was Jampersal di Kota Yogyakarta Tahun still little of what was expected. Although in its 2013. Universitas Yogyakarta. usefulness, this policy is very beneficial for the Akbar, Muh. Firyal, and Widya Kurniati people in Ciamis Regency. However, the Mohi.(2018). Studi Evaluasi Kebijakan desired degree of change has not been seen as (Evaluasi Beberapa Kebijakan Di significant for the community. ). Gorontalo: Ideas Publishing. Meanwhile, in the context of policy https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ implementation, especially for the level of 324079382_Studi_Evaluasi_Kebijakan_E compliance and capture power of stakeholders, valuasi_Beberapa_Kebijakan_di_Indonesi it is quite good. However, the characteristics of a. institutions and policymakers are not in sync Aneta, A. (2012). Implementasi Kebijakan with the wishes of the community regarding Program Penanggulangan Kemiskinan industrial investment in Ciamis Regency. Perkotaan (P2KP) Di Kota However, from the perspective of power, the Gorontalo. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu interests of the stakeholders and Human Administrasi Publik, 1(1), 54-65. Resources (HR) involved have begun to Basuki, A. T., & Gayatri, U. (2009). Penentu establish good coordination. Therefore, a sektor unggulan dalam pembangunan special strategy is needed to improve the daerah: studi kasus di Kabupaten Ogan implementation of this policy in Ciamis Komering Ilir. Jurnal ekonomi & studi Regency. pembangunan, 10(1), 34-50.

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EVALUATION OF THE POLICY IMPLEMENTATION OF INDUSTRIAL ZONE DEVELOPMENT IN CIAMIS DISTRICT (Dini Yuliani, Irfan Nursetiawan, Ahdika R.D. Siregar)