THESIS
REVIEW OF THE GENUS FIBULOIDES KUZNETZOV, 1997 (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE: EUCOSMINI) IN THAILAND
PAPHATPRON SIRAPHATTARATHAMRONG
GRADUATE SCHOOL, KASETSART UNIVERSITY Academic Year 2018
THESIS APPROVAL GRADUATE SCHOOL, KASETSART UNIVERSITY
DEGREE: Master of Science (Entomology) MAJOR FIELD: Entomology DEPARTMENT: Entomology
TITLE: Review of the genus Fibuloides Kuznetzov, 1997 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Eucosmini) in Thailand
NAME: Miss Paphatpron Siraphattarathamrong
THIS THESIS HAS BEEN ACCEPTED BY
THESIS ADVISOR (Associate Professor Nantasak Pinkaew, Ph.D.)
DEPARTMENT HEAD (Assistant Professor Roungthip Masmeatathip, Ph.D.)
APPROVED BY THE GRADUATE SCHOOL ON
DEAN (Associate Professor Somwang Khantayanuwong, Ph.D.)
THESIS
REVIEW OF THE GENUS FIBULOIDES KUZNETZOV, 1997 (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE: EUCOSMINI) IN THAILAND
PAPHATPRON SIRAPHATTARATHAMRONG
A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (Entomology) Graduate School, Kasetsart University Academic Year 2018
C
ABSTRACT Paphatpron Siraphattarathamrong : Review of the genus Fibuloides Kuznetzov, 1997 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Eucosmini) in Thailand. Master of Science (Entomology), Major Field: Entomology, Department of Entomology. Thesis Advisor: Associate Professor Nantasak Pinkaew, Ph.D. Academic Year 2018
The leaf roller moths genus Fibuloides in Thailand is reviewed. The purpose of this study is to classify to species level and make the identification key to species for the genus Fibuloides in Thailand. Deposited Fibuloides specimens in Kasetsart Kamphaeng Saen Insect collection (KKIC) were used and brought to the process of photographing, wing measurement, genitalia preparation and identification. Identification keys to species were made in which species separations were accomplished using the characters of male and female genitalia. The result of this study found 247 Fibuloides specimens that were identified to 15 known species as follows: F. aestuosa, F. bulla, F. bicucullus, F. corinthia, F. cyanopsis, F. euphlebia, F. geniculata, F. japonica, F. khaonanensis, F. khaoyai, F. levatana, F. macrosaris, F. munda, F. tratensis and F. vaneeae. Furthermore, 1 morphospecies of male and 9 morphospecies of female could not be identified to species. In Thailand, the species of this genus were found in elevation between 46-1,412 m above sea level. Fibuloides euphlebia and F. corinthia were found the most in the largest number. This study found the new additional character by a group of protruding long scales on the upper frons in male adult of F. euphlebia that did not showed in original description. In addition, Fibuloides bacriora and Fibuloides falcatus, were discovered and described as new to science. They increase the number of described Fibuloides species in Thailand to 17.
______/ ____ / ____ Student's signature Thesis Advisor's signature
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ACKNOWLEDGEM ENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to extend my grateful thank to my advisor Associate Professor Nantasak Pinkaew for encouragement, instruction and suggestion for the completion of this thesis.
I would like to thank the staffs and members in insect taxonomic laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, who assisted in acculate species identification and provided some laboratory facilities.
This research financial is supported in part by a Graduate Program Scholarship from the Graduate School, Kasetsart University, and by The Kasetsart Research and Development Institute.
Finally, I am especially appreciated to my family and all of my friends for their help and continuing encouragements throughout this research.
Paphatpron Siraphattarathamrong
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT ...... C
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... D
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... E
LIST OF TABLES ...... F
LIST OF FIGURES ...... G
INTRODUCTION ...... 1
OBJECTIVES ...... 2
LITERATURE REVIEW ...... 3
MATERIALS AND METHODS ...... 14
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ...... 19
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ...... 106
LITERATURE CITED ...... 108 CURRICULUM VITAE ...... 113
LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table 1 List of Fibuloides species in thailand...... 19 Table 1 List of Fibuloides species in thailand. (continued) ...... 20
LIST OF FIGURES
Page
Figure 1 Composition of head in subfamily Olethreutinae (genus Fibuloides)...... 5
Figure 2 Wings of Fibuloides, tribe Eucosmini...... 7
Figure 3 Male genitalia of genus Fibuloides Kuznetsov, 1997 ...... 8
Figure 4 Female genitalia of genus Fibuloides Kuznetsov, 1997 ...... 9 Figure 5 Worldwide distribution of the genus Fibuloides in the world. (indicated by ) ...... 10
Figure 6 Distribution of the genus Fibuloides in the Thailand. (indicated by ) ...... 11
Figure 7 Head of Fibuloides bacriora...... 11
Figure 8 Wing of Fibuloides munda (scale bar = 2 mm)...... 12
Figure 9 Wing vanation of genus Fibuloides...... 12
Figure 10 Male genitalia of Fibuloides euphlebia...... 13
Figure 11 Female genitalia of Fibuloides euphlebia...... 13 Figure 12 Sutharm Areekul Museums (KKIC), Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon pathom, Thailand...... 15 Figure 13 White sheat of 2x2m and 125 Mercury-vapor lamps 125 watts used as light trap for specimen collection...... 16 Figure 14 Photographic equipment. Leica S8 APO stereomicroscope equipped with Leica MC170 HD for head and labial palpi observation...... 17 Figure 15 Photographic equipment. Leica DM750 with ICC50 HD for genitalia observation...... 17
Figure 16 Head of Fibuloides spp...... 77
Figure 17 Adult of Fibuloides spp. (scale bars = 2 mm) ...... 80
Figure 18 Sex scales on abdomen of Fibuloides spp. (indicated by ) ...... 85
Figure 19 Male genitalia of Fibuloides spp...... 86 Figure 20 Female genitalia of Fibuloides spp...... 88
REVIEW OF THE GENUS FIBULOIDES KUZNETZOV, 1997 (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE: EUCOSMINI) IN THAILAND
INTRODUCTION
The leaf roller moth is small to medium size. They belong to family Tortricidae, order Lepidoptera. The moth in this group is the second largest lineage in the microlepidoptera (Horak, 2006). This family has over 10,350 species described species in 1,071 genera (Nieukerken, 2011) and dispersal on temperate and tropical zone (Robinson & Tuck, 1993). The leaf roller moth in subfamily Olethreutinae is approximately 150 described species in Thailand. Most of them are importance as agricultural and forestry global pests (Van Der Geest & Evenhuis, 1991).
The genus Fibuloides Kuznetzov, 1997 belongs to tribe Eucosmini, subfamily Olethreutinae, family Tortricidea, order Lepidoptera. Tribe Eucosmini has 1,650 described species in 106 genera in worldwide (Gilligan et al., 2014) and 34 species in 17 genera in Thailand (Methisuraphan et al., 2013). The genus Fibuloides are mainly brownish moth and small to large size (Horak, 2006). This genus has 30 described species that are distributed throughout the Australian, Oriental, and Palearctic regions, with the greatest species richness recorded from Southeast Asia, where 17 species are known (Jaikla et al., 2013). Thirteen species of Fibuloides have been recorded in Thailand (Kawabe, 1989; Pinkaew et al., 2005; Pinkaew, 2008; Pinkaew & Zhang, 2012; Jaikla et al., 2013). Members of genus Fibuloides are mostly similar in external characteristic, wings usually intricately patterned unable identify in external characteristic, whereas can identify by genitalia characteristic. In Thailand, there are many reports about this genus since 2005 to present. Along the period of time, taxonomic status of many species were changed and characters have been used to defined the genus also were added. So, the taxonomic study of genus Fibuloides in Thailand need to be clearly clarified.
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OBJECTIVES
1. To review the Fibuloides species in Thailand and publish new species. 2. To make redescriptions and the identification keys.
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LITERATURE REVIEW
Classification of Tortricidae
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Hexapoda
Class Insecta
Order Lepidoptera
Superfamily Tortricoidea
Family Tortricidae
The Tortricidae is one of the most diverse microlepidoptera with 10,350 described species in 1,071 genera (Nieukerken, 2011). They mostly disperse in temperate and tropical zone (Robinson & Tuck, 1993). Tortricidae divided into 3 subfamilies: Tortricinae (439 genera, 4,176 species), Chlidanotinae (44 genera, 288 species) and Olethreutinae (355 genera, 4,417 species) (Gilligan et al., 2014; Regier et al., 2012).
The characteristic of family tortricidae head capsule is chaetosemata, ocelli, proboscis lacking scales and 3 segmented labial palpi. Forewing has costal fold in male and discal cell has chorda and M-stem, cubital pecten found in base of CuA and cup found in hindwing (Horak & Brown, 1991). At rest, wings are held like a flattened roof, giving the resemblance of an arrowhead.
The subfamily Olethreutinae includes five tribes; Enarmoniini, Eucosmini, Grapholitini, Microcorsini and Olethreutini (Regier et al., 2012). They are characterized by two unique characters: 1; combination of juxta and caulis in the male 4
genitalia into the single functional, and 2; abatement of the antenna scales to one ring of scale per segment (Horak, 2006).
The tribe Eucosmini is a large tribe, with approximately 1,650 described species in 106 genera in worldwide (Gilligan et al., 2014; Regier et al., 2012), and 34 species in 17 genera in Thailand (Methisuraphan et al., 2013). Their greatest diversity is in the Holarctic, although members of the tribe occur worldwide. The larvae are leaf-rollers, leaf-webbers, or stem and root borers (Gilligan et al., 2014). They are characterized by antenna in male often with a notch near base. Wing usually well– developed olethreutinae wing pattern of costal strigulae and ocelloid patch (Horak,
2006). One potential synapomophy for the tribe is the base of vein M2 bent towards
the stalked base of veins M3 and CuA1 in the hindwing (Gilligan et al., 2014).
The genus Fibuloides Kuznetzov, 1997 belongs to tribe Eucosmini, subfamily Olethreutinae, family Tortricidea, order Lepidoptera. Tribe Eucosmini has 1,650 described species in 106 genera in worldwide (Gilligan et al., 2014) and 34 species in 17 genera in Thailand (Methisuraphan et al., 2013).
Classification of genus Fibuloides
Tortricidae
Tortricinae Chlidanotinae Olethreutinae
Enamoniini Microcosini Eucosmini Olethreutini Grapholitini
Fibuloides
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Morphology of subfamily Olethreutinae
Head
Head (fig. 1) capsule has scales on vertex which protruding between antennae. The upper frons is elongate scales always forward and lower frons is short, compressed scale. The compound eyes are large and spherical, with microtrichia along margin (Horak, 2006). Antenna is filiform, scape and pedicel are unmodified, densely scaled, with a small sclerite between the two segments. The flagellum always has scales across its dorsal surface. The flagellum has scales all around (Horak, 2006). Pit in base of flagellum is notch usually present in male.
vertex antenna ocellus chaetosema
upper forns compound eye
lower frons 3rd labial palpi 1st labial palpi
nd 2 labial palpi proboscis
Figure 1 Composition of head in subfamily Olethreutinae (genus Fibuloides).
Thorax
The prothorax is much smaller than mesothorax and metathorax and bears the forelegs. The mesothorax bears forewings, the midlegs and the tegulae, a pair of dorsolateral, roughly crescentic plates covering the wings bases. The metathorax bears the hindwings and hindlegs and articulates with the abdomen. The thorax may be entirely smooth-scaled or possess a variably developed single or bifid dorsal posterior crest of raised scales (Horak, 1991).
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The legs are well developed with fore tibia with an epiphysis and bristles along its inner surface (Horak, 2006). The mid and hind tibia have a pair of apical spurs, one medial and one apical (Horak, 1991). Hind tibia in some male has long hair pencil on inner margin, originating from base of tibia (Diakonoff, 1973). The legs are densely scaled, with the scaling on the modified tibia with a spiny appearance (Horak, 2006).
The forewing (fig. 2) ranges in shape from narrowly to broadly triangular to broad with distally parallel costa and dorsum and straight, oblique or round termen
(Horak, 2006). Forewing consists of 11 or 12 veins: R4 and R5 separated, stalked or
united; M2 and M3 separated approximate, or connate; Cu2 originating before distal three-fourths of discal cell; 1A usually atrophied, 2A and 3A united for more than half their length distally; remaining veins separated (Miller, 1987). Forewing has an
apically closed discal cell with the stem of R4+R5 as well as the media stem developed within the discal cell in the most generalized condition (Mills & Carl, 1991).
The hindwing has frenulum that differs in number, for male is a single and large bristle, female has three bristles from a single base. It has eight veins, seldom, when three and four are coincident; invariably with diversely developed pectin of hairs along the base of lower edge of cell (Horak, 1991). The M-stem is never developed and the cell is closed only by vestigial cross-veins. The most anterior vein is the
subcosta which is fused with the first radius branch (Sc + R1) and run to the costa. R1 is often evident as a cross-vein between the stem of R and Sc close to the wing base.
The radial sector (Rs) runs to the apex. As in the forewing, the three M-
branches (M1 to M3) and CuA1 and CuA2 are separated beyond the discal cell in the more generalized wing, with certain of vein becoming approximated, stalked or even
fused in more derived group. M1 is closely approximated and parallel to Rs at the base or the two veins are stalked. CuA is usually present at the wing margin. There are usually three anal veins, with 1A and 2A distally fused (1A + 2A) and 3A separate (Horak, 1991).
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apex en costa tegulae
termen
tornus
dorsum
Figure 2 Wings of Fibuloides, tribe Eucosmini.
Abdomen
The abdomen of male has 9–11 segments and female has 8–11 segments. The first sternal segment is lack and second sternal segment is well–developed. Ventral apodemes and anterolateral processes are usually well developed, but absent in some genera (Horak, 2006). The genitalia greatly modified by the structure of the genitalia, and sternum of segment 11 is lacking (Adamski & Peters, 1982).
The male genitalia (fig. 3) of Olethreutinae is characterized by well developed tegumen, uncus present, socii usually present and developed, gnathos moderately sclerotized, valva usually oblong and narrow, sacculus with large basal opening, aedeagus with or without cornuti (Horak, 2006).
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un sc tg gn ae co an
cu cau
sa ju a
Figure 3 Male genitalia of genus Fibuloides Kuznetsov, 1997 aedeagus (ae), anellus (an), caulis (cau), cornuti (co), cucullus (cu), gnathos (gn), juxta (ju), sacculus (sa), socii (sc), tegumen (tg), uncus (un).
The female genitalia (fig. 4) of Olethreutinae is characterized by papillae annales flat sheet and broad, covered by setae and connect with tergum (Diakonoff, 1966). Ostium bursa has sterigma, sclerotized plate behind ostium bursa is lamella postvaginalis and in front of ostium bursa is lamella antevaginalis. Bursa copulatrix consist of with ductus bursa and corpus bursa (Diakonoff, 1954).
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pa ap T8 S7 aa lp os an
co
scl db
sg
cb
Figure 4 Female genitalia of genus Fibuloides Kuznetsov, 1997 apophyses anteriors (aa), antrum (an), apophyses posteriors (ap), colliculum (co), corpus bursae (cb), ductus bursae (db), lamella postvaginalis (lp), ostium (os), papillae anales (pa), signa (sg), sclerotized plate (scl), sternum 7 (S7), tergum 8 (T8).
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Genus Fibuloides Kuznetzov, 1997
Fibuloides modificana Kuznetsov from south Vietnam is type species of genus Fibuloides Kuznetzov, 1997. The genus Fibuloides is mainly brownish moth and small to large size (Horak, 2006). This genus has 30 described species (Gilligan et al., 2014) that are distributed throughout the Australian, Oriental, and Palearctic regions (fig. 5), with the greatest species richness recorded from Southeast Asia, where 17 species (fig. 6) are known (Jaikla et al., 2013).
Figure 5 Worldwide distribution of the genus Fibuloides in the world. (indicated by )
Source: https://peruantitaurino.org/world-map-with-continent-names-copy-continent- clipart-names-pencil-and-in-color-continent-clipart-names/america-clipart- world-country-world-map-with-continent-names-copy-continent-clipart- names-pencil-and-in-color-continent-clipart-names-on/
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Figure 6 Distribution of the genus Fibuloides in the Thailand. (indicated by )
Source: https://pantip.com/topic/30872685
The characters of Fibuloides are rather narrow-winged, diverse wing pattern but always with costal strigulae ending in a prominent, V-shaped white preapical pair and with a line of blackish scales along the middle of the termen. Antenna to beyond middle of wing, flagellum in male with often inconspicuous dorsal notch at base, scaled except for a narrow ventral band with minute cilia. The labial palpi (fig. 7) are long sinuate and porrect with a widened second segment except in the male of few species with modified, slender, rising, palpi closely appressed to frons (Horak, 2006).
Figure 7 Head of Fibuloides bacriora.
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The forewing (fig. 8) with R4 and R5 stalked, R3 with base close to this stem;
CuA1 strongly curved and originating from near base of M3; hindwing with M3 and
CuA1 stalked (fig. 9) (Zhang & Li, 2011).
Figure 8 Wing of Fibuloides munda (scale bar = 2 mm).
Figure 9 Wing vanation of genus Fibuloides.
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The male genitalia (fig. 10) is characterized by a usually rather weakly sclerotized, subtriangular tegument, by a well-developed, often bifid uncus, and by drooping, membranous, densely bristled socii. The female genitalia (fig. 11) characterized by ductus bursae is diagnostic for the genus, short and membranous except for two small, paired, lens-shaped sclerites (colliculum) just below the ostium and a large, bipartite sclerite in its anterior half with a prong on each side projection towards the corpus bursae that has two large, horn-shaped signa (Horak, 2006).
Figure 10 Male genitalia of Fibuloides euphlebia.
Figure 11 Female genitalia of Fibuloides euphlebia.
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MATERIALS AND METHODS
1. Materials
Collecting sample 1. Forceps 2. Insect pins and labels 3. Killing jars 4. Light trap – 3 White sheets size 2x2 m – 3 Mercury-vapor lamps 125 watts 5. Minutens 6. Relaxing boxs 7. Spreading boards
Genitalia dissection 1. Chlorazol-black 2. Dissecting scissors 3. Eosin-Y 4. Euparal 5. Forceps 6. Glass chips 7. Glass cover slips 8. Glass slides 9. Injection needle 10. Watch glasses 11. 10% Potassium hydroxide (KOH) 12. 20%, 70% and 100% Ethyl alcohol
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2. Methods
Specimens
The Fubuloides specimens that deposited in the Sutham Areekuli Museum ( Kasetsart Khamphaeng Saen Insect Collection: KKIC), Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon pathom, Thailand (fig. 12) were used in this study. Additional specimens were those puviously collected from Pang Sida National Park in 2017 and Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary in 2018 by light trap with 125 mercury vapor bulbs and 2x2 m white sheet and operated with electric generator (fig. 13).
Figure 12 Sutharm Areekul Museums (KKIC), Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon pathom, Thailand.
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Figure 13 White sheat of 2x2m and 125 Mercury-vapor lamps 125 watts used as light trap for specimen collection.
Genitalia dissection
The abdomen was removed by applying upward pressure to the tip of abdomen which should then snap off. The removed abdomen was placed in 10% Potassium Hydroxide solution (KOH) and left it overnight. Softened abdomen was transferred to a watch glass with water and scales were removed from the abdomen which was transferred to 20% alcohol and cleaning in water again. The abdomen was stainned in eosin-y 10 minutes then cleaned 20% and 70% alcohol respectively. The abdomen was there removed from alcohol and soaked in chlorazol-black for 5 to 10 seconds and moved to 70% alcohol again for cleaning.
Male and female genitalia were severed from abdomens and cleaned in 70% alcohol. The cleaned abdomens and genitalia were fixed in absolute alcohol by the glass ship and left it overnight. For permanent slide mounting, droped euparal on the microscope glass slide 1 drop and placed the abdomen and male or female genitalia in euparal then covered with cover glass slip and label the data. The permanent mounting methods of genitalia were modified from Common, 1990.
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Photography
Male and female adults were photographed with Cannon DSLR 5D mark II camera with 100 mm macro lens. Head and labial palpi were photographed with Leica S8 APO stereomicroscope equipped with Leica MC170 HD (fig. 14). Genitalia were photographed with compound microscope Leica DM750 with ICC50 camera module (fig. 15).
Figure 14 Photographic equipment. Leica S8 APO stereomicroscope equipped with Leica MC170 HD for head and labial palpi observation.
Figure 15 Photographic equipment. Leica DM750 with ICC50 HD for genitalia observation.
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Abbreviation of the type depositions are as follows:
BMNH The Natural History Museum, London, UK. KKIC Kasetsart Khamphaeng Saen Insect Collection. USNM National Museum, of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA. ZMAS Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg (Leningard), Russia.
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Results
The taxonomic study of leaf roller moth genus Fibuloides 247 specimens in Thailand from deposited specimens in museum and additional collected specimens from the field found were identified. Results indicated that there were 15 known species and two new species, Fibuloides bacriora and F. falcatus, as listed belows. Furthermore, 1 morphospecies of male and 9 morphospecies of female could not be identified to species level.
Table 1 List of Fibuloides species in thailand.
Genus species Male Female Fibuloides aestuosa ✓
Fibuloides bacriora ✓ ✓
Fibuloides bulla ✓ ✓
Fibuloides bicucullus ✓
Fibuloides corintia ✓
Fibuloides cyanopsis ✓ ✓
Fibuloides euphlebia ✓ ✓
Fibuloides falcatus ✓
Fibuloides geniculata ✓ ✓
Fibuloides japonica ✓
Fibuloides khaoyai ✓ ✓
Fibuloides khaonanensis ✓
Fibuloides levatana ✓
Fibuloides macrosaris ✓
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Table 2 List of Fibuloides species in thailand. (continued)
Genus species Male Female
Fibuloides munda ✓ ✓
Fibuloides tratensis ✓ ✓
Fibuloides vaneeae ✓ ✓
Fibuloides aestuosa (Meyrick, 1912) (Figs. 16.1, 17.1, 20.1)
Spilonota aestuosa Meyrick, 1912: 854. Holotype ♂, Type locality: India, deposited in BMNH.
Acroclita ligyropis Meyrick in Caradja & Meyrick, 1937 (Acroclita), Dt. ent. Z. Iris 51: 176. Type locality: China. "Yunnan Province, Likiang". Holotype ♂: deposited in BMNH.
Eucoenogenes aestuosa (Meyrick, 1912): Kuznetsov 1976: 12; Kawabe 1982, 1: 120, 2: 173; Razowski 1989: 256; Byun et al. 1998: 160; Razowski 1999: 446; Kuznetsov 2001: 402; Lui and Li 2002: 319.
Fibuloides aestuosa (Meyrick, 1912): Horak 2006: 330.
Diagnosis. This species is most similar to F. corinthia in forewing pattern but it differs in color on forewing pattern, F. corinthia has brown to dark brown color on basal fascia but F. aestuosa has irregular basal fascia and subbasal fascia. Sacculus subtriangular stick out, acute tips of F. corinthia but F. aestuosa has sacculus rounded and not sticking out.
Description. Head (fig. 16.1): upper frons light brown mixed with dark brown; lower frons brown mixed with dark brown; labial palpus with first segment 21
brown basal half, dark brown apical half, second segment white to light brown with dark brown spots dorsally, yellowish white ventrally, apical segment brownish white, with brown basally, vertex white mixed with light brown laterally. Thorax (fig. 17.1): pronotal collar with short scales dark brown mixed with white spots, tegula dark basally, light brown apically; mesonotum dark brown mixed with light brown band, with transverse, basally and medially, apically with short scales white. Forewing
length 4.64.7 mm in female (n=6); termen concave between apex and CuA1, ground color light brown to brown mixed with yellowish brown, with diffuse dark brown spots, strigulae 12 indistinct, 39 distinct, pale orange and separate by dark brown, irregular basal fascia, with scattered dark brown scales; subbasal fascia distinct with
white transverse band extending from costa to M3, between strigulae 2 and 3, with brown mixed with dark brown spots; median fascia with dark brown on costa, scattered brown mixed with dark brown on inner margin, between strigulae 47; postmedian and preterminal fascia between strigulae 7 and 8, with brownish white patch on middle area; ocellar region with brown mixed with dark brown line
extending R5 to CuA1, outer margin with narrow line, brown, extending from between
R5 and M1 to CuA1; underside grayish brown. Hindwing light brown to brown dorsally, light brown ventrally.
Female genitalia (fig. 20.1): papillae anales with dense setae; apophyses anteriores long and slender (same length as apophyses posteriores); tergum VIII with sparsely setose; lamella postvaginalis well developed, with deep excavation, with sparsely setose on inner margin, except medially; sternum VII moderately sclerotized, moderately dense socket near posterior margin, except sparsely setose near sterigma, densely microtriciate on 2/3 of sternum VII; ostium bursae located near posterior on sternum VII; colliculim small indistinct; ductus bursae moderately long with large sclerotized plate slightly into corpus bursae; ductus seminalis arising from anterior of ductus bursae; corpus bursae rounded, with two signa, blade-like, acuted tips.
Specimens examined. (6♀) Thailand: Kanchanaburi Prov.: Thong Pha Phum N.P., 14 41′ 35 ″N 98 24′ 19″E, 23 Dec 2001, N. Pinkaew, np 13737 (♀, genitalia slide NP 40), Nakhon Ratchasima Prov.: Sakaerat SBR., 14 30′ 33″N 101 56′ 16″E, 22
ca 363 m, 27 Oct 2014, N. Pinkaew, np 7313 (♀, genitalia slide NP 2506), Nakhon Si Thammarat.: Khao Nan N.P., 08 55′ 25″N 99 39′ 49″E, ca 131m, 10 Mar 2008, N. Pinkaew, np 2603 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3841), 08 55′ 25″N 99 39′ 49″E, ca 131m, 11 Mar 2008, N. Pinkaew, np 2601 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3842), 08 55′ 25″N 99 39′ 49″E, ca 131m, 11 Jan 2008, N. Pinkaew, np 2502 (♀, genitalia slide NP 1193), 08 54′ 59″N 99 43′ 57″E, ca 187 m, 12 Jan 2008, N. Pinkaew, np 2506 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3843), all collected by N. Pinkaew. Deposited in KKIC.
Distribution. Thailand, China, Korea, Japan, India.
Remarks. Specimens were collected at elevation 131363 m.
Fibuloides bacriora Siraphattarathamrong ang Pinkaew, 2019 (Figs. 16.2, 17.2, 17.3, 19.1, 20.2)
Diagnosis. This species is most similar to F. macrosaris in forewing pattern, but F. bacriora has a narrower forewing with more green in the ground color. The male genitalia of F. bacriora have a distinctly membranous socii and a large sclerotized plate of the gnathos that differs from all other species of Fibuloides.
Description. Head (fig. 16.2): upper frons light brown mixed with dark brown, lower frons yellowish white; labial palpus with first segment white to yellowish dorsally, second segment dilated apically by scales, light brown with white spots ventrally, with patch of yellow at 2/3 length dorsally, apical segment dark brown mixed blue; vertex white; antenna brown with dorsal notch at base of flagellum. Thorax (figs. 17.2, 17.3): pronotal collar dark brown; mesonotum brown mixed with greyish green. Forewing length 4.14.2 mm in male (n=2), 3.8 mm in female (n=1); rectangular, costa very slightly curve, termen concave below apex, costal fold absent; ground color greenish white, slightly darker apically, mixed with diffuse brown mottle; costal strigulae white separated by blackish streak, well developed along costa in female, male with dark brown strip along costa from near 23
wing base to middle of wing, apical half with distinctly strigulae, basal 1/3 with indistinct transverse brown band extending outwardly from costa to Cu then extending backwardly to dorsum, middle of costa with large trapezoidal mark, dark
brown, beyond with two oblique greenish grey strips, one extending from costa to R3
and R4, the other extending to R5 near termen, with greenish white strip along termen
from below apex to CuA1, with narrow blackish line near termen extending from R5
to between M1and M2; underside light brown except dorsal half dark brown, with grey spots on costa apically. Hindwing light brown, basal 2/3 more hyaline covered with moderately dense scales, slightly paler to wing base; underside light brown.
Male genitalia (fig. 19.1): uncus rather short, bipartite, blunt apices, inner margin sparsely setose, medially with protruding process, bilobed, rounded apices pointing ventrally; socii membranous lobe, with moderately dense setae; tegumen moderately sclerotized, with group of dense scales basally, with sclerotized shoulders; gnathos arising from basal 2/3 of tegumen, combined medially, forming large moderately sclerotized plate, extending upward connected to tegumen shoulder, with two divergent sclerotized ridges; juxta subtriangular; caulis short; anellus closely surrounding basal of phallus; phallus moderately long, with dense cornuti; valva with large basal excavation; sacculus moderately dense setae basally; ventroapical margins with group of long, spiniform setae, neck rather long, slightly taper to base of cucullus, dorsal margin sparsely long setae, with dense short near ventral margin, with group of long spiniform setae on ventrolateral, spiniform setae with bidentate apices; cucullus bent at base, scoop-shaped, rounded apex pointing ventrally, with dense of long and short spines, dorsal margin with sparsely, short setae.
Female genitalia (fig. 20.2): papillae anales densely setose; tergum VIII without scales, lateral triangular extention moderately scale sockets and sparse setae; s ternum VII moderately sclerotized, posterior margin moderately excavation with widened lobe medially, posterolaterally with dense scales sockets, posteromedially with dense microtriciate, anterolaterally with patch of densely microtrichiate; ostium bursae located on sternum VII close to anterior margin, sterigma forming incomplete subtrapeziodal ridge, beyond laterally on each side with long, sclerotized, oblique 24
ridge; antrum forming short, sclerotized cup; ductus bursae shorter than corpus bursae, narrowed toward corpus bursae; colliculum small, sclerotized incomplete ring, beyond with small sclerotized sac; ductus seminalis arising from entrants of corpus bursae, with narrow sclerotized bi-pronged plate, point apex at corpus bursae neck; corpus bursae with two unequal horn-shape signa.
Specimens examined. (2♂, 3♀) Thailand, Nakhon Nayok; Khao Yai N.P., Pha Deaw Dai, 1421′56″N, 10124′24″E, ca 1,140 m, Hill Evergreen Forest, 05 July 2016, N. Pinkaew et al., np 8995, (♂, genitalie slide NP 30770),1421′56″N, 10124′24″E, ca 1,140m, Hill Evergreen Forest, 05 July 2016 N. Pinkaew et al., np 9005, (♂, genitalia slide NP 3184), 1425′55″N, 10124′05″E, ca 700 m, 07 July 2016, np 8906, (♀, genitalia slide NP 3083), Chiangmai; Doi Suthep-Pui N.P., 18 48′ 41″ N, 98 53′ 03″ E, 1,264 m, 05 September 2013, np 5959, (♀, genitalia slide NP 2082), Kanchanaburi; Thong Pha Phum N.P., 14 41′ 27″ N, 98 27′ 29″ E, ca 735 m, 10 July 2002, np 743, (♀, genitalia slide NP 526). all specimen collected by N. Pinkaew. Deposited in KKIC.
Distribution. Thailand
Remark. Specimens were collected at elevation 7001,264 m.
Fibuloides bicucullus (Pinkaew, 2005) (Figs. 16.3, 17.4, 18.1, 19.2)
Eucoenogenes bicucullus Pinkaew, 2005, Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 107(4): 869 882. Type locality: Thailand. Holotype ♂: deposited in USNM.
Diagnosis. The male has a wide, flat hindtibia with dense, setiform scales closely appressed to the medial and lateral surfaces. The anal margin of the hindwing bears a dark brown hair pencil basally and a row of long, yellowish-white hairs beyond the wing base. The male genitalia have the cucullus divided into dorsal and 25
ventral lobes. In the female the seventh sternum is quadrate with microtrichia restricted to its posterolateral corners.
Description. Head (fig. 16.3): upper frons light brown mixed with brownish orange, lower frons brown to dark brown mixed with light brown; labial palpus with first segment dark brown at base, remain yellowish white, second segment yellowish white to pale orange with dark brown spots basally, dorsomedially, ventroapically at 2/3 length and apically, apical segment brown dorsally, yellowish white ventrally; vertex brownish orange to light brown mixed with brown laterally. Thorax (fig. 17.4): pronotal collar with anterior short scales brown, posterior with long scales light brown with orange-white apices; tegula brown mixed with dark brown basally, light brown mixed with orange white apically; mesonotum pale orange mixed with light brown to dark brown, with transverse, dark brown band medially. Forewing length 6.56.6 mm
in male (n=2); male costal fold absent; R4-R5 stalked 2/5 length of R5, termen slightly concave, ground color grayish yellow mixed with brownish orange, with diffuse dark brown transverse lines, costal strigulae 19 paired, pale yellow and separated by dark
brown, termen with strigulae forming pale yellow spots between R4 and R5, R5 and
M1, and M1 and M2; basal fascia indistinct, with scattered, dark brown scales between wing base and strigula 1 from costa to inner margin; subbasal fascia distinct between strigulae 2 and 3 from costa to R, dislocated apically from middle of discal cell to inner margin, dark brown on margins, mixed with brownish orange medially; medial fascia dark brown on costa between strigulae 4 and 5, indistinct from near costa to inner margin, distal margin extending obliquely outward as narrow dark brown line
bordering brownish-orange scales from costa to R5, angled at R5 and extending basally to middle of discal cell; silvery striae originating from strigulae 5 and 6 and
extending obliquely to R5, striae from strigulae 79 extending obliquely to R5,
confluent from R5 to tornal area along outer margin, striae separating brownish- orange lines originating from dark brown spots between strigulae, orange line
between strigulae 5 and 6 extending to R1, orange line between strigulae 6 and 7
extending to R5, orange line between strigulae 7 and 8 confluent with orange line
from between strigulae 8 and 9 and extending to R5; ocellar region with diffuse dark
brown lines from R5 to inner margin near tornus; wing apex dark brown between R4 26
and R5; outer margin with distinct dark brown line from apex to CuA1; fringe orange white mixed with brown and dark brown; underside light brown, with yellowish-gray strigulae on costa and between veins on outer margin. Hindwing brown dorsally; male
with narrowed scales between anal margin and CuA2, anal margin rolled dorsally in spread specimens and bearing row of hair pencils, basal 2/3 of row dark brown basally, yellowish white apically; ventrally light brown, with dense brown scales on basal 2/3 of costal area, with yellowish-white, narrow scales on rolled anal area; male hindtibia wide, flattened and densely covered dorsally and laterally with specialized long, setiform scales adhering closely to surface. Abdomen (fig. 18.1): sternum IX with densely long scales on dorsolaterally and ventrolaterally.
Male genitalia (fig. 19.2): uncus short, bilobed dorsally, with rounded ventral projection extending over socii bases; socii arising from base of uncus, moderately long, apically rounded, densely setose dorsoapically; tegumen arms moderately wide, dorsally rounded, with moderately long setae medially; gnathos arising from dorsal 2/3 of tegumen, membranous; anellus closely surrounding base of aedeagus; aedeagus moderately long, curved medially, with eight cornuti extending along apical 1/3; juxta triangular; sacculus sparsely setose basally, densely setose medially between basal opening and neck, ventral margin with dense short setae between basal opening, ventrolateral area of valva with row of 47, long, spiniform setae, setae with attenuate apices; valva deeply incised to form narrow neck; cucullus moderately incised medioapically forming two, long rounded lobe, dorsal lobe densely setose except apical 1/3, ventral lobe longer than dorsal lobe, densely setose except ventrobasal margin.
Specimens examined. (2♂) Thailand: Narathiwat Prov.: Hala-Bala W.S., 05 47′ 49 ″N 101 50′ 03″E, ca 60 m, 2329 Jan 2012, N. Pinkaew, np 6632 (♂, genitalia slide NP 2879), Chaiyaphum Prov.: Churabhorm Dam., 16 32′ 10″N 101 39′ 00″E, ca 750 m, 79 Mar 2017, N. Pinkaew, np 9667 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3044), all specimen collected by N. Pinkaew. Deposited in KKIC.
27
Distribution. Thailand
Remarks. Specimens were collected at elevation 60750 m.
Fibuloides bulla Jaikla and Pinkaew, 2013 (Figs. 17.5, 17.6, 19.3, 20.3)
Diagnosis. This species is most similar to F. tratensis in forewing pattern, but the two species differ the male and female genitalia. The frons and labial palpi of the male of F. bulla lack modified scales characteristic of F. tratensis. F. bulla is distinguished by a dense cluster of long, parallel spiniform setae on the ventral part of the cucullus, which is unique and easily separates it from all other congeners.
Description. Head: upper frons yellowish white with lateral areas narrowly dark brown, lower frons yellowish white; vertex pale gray mixed with brown to dark brown laterally; labial palpus of male and female long, porrect, with first segment light gray, second segment triangular, distally greatly widened, yellowish white with brownish gray spots at base, dorsomedially, ventromedially and apex, apical segment yellowish white; male antenna with notch at of basal segment flagellum. Thorax (figs.17.4, 17.5): pronotal collar brown mixed with dark brown; tegulae light brown mixed with dark brown; mesonotum light brown with diffuse spot, brown to dark brown. Forewing length 3.53.8 mm in male (n=3), 4.9 mm in female (n=1); male
costal fold absent; termen slightly concave between R5 and M1; ground color light brown with diffused transverse, narrow darker streaks; costal strigula 1 indistinct, strigulae 24 and 78 paired, strigulae 5, 6 and 9 single, light brown, paired strigulae separated by dark brown spots, termen with strigula 10 forming yellowish white spot
between R5 and M1; basal fascia present as irregular patch extending from costa to midwing; subbasal fascia dark brown, sub rectangular patch extending from strigula 2 to 3 and from costa to R; median fascia distinct, dark brown, oblique patch extending from costa to middle of distal cell, separated from small dark brown spot at base of
M2; postmedian fascia present as short, oblique brown band, extending outward from 28
costa to R5, wing apices brown mixed with dark brown, strigula 6 with irregular
silvery stria extending from R2 to inner margin, strigula 7 with silvery stria extending
obliquely to R5, ocellar region with irregular transverse band, brown mixed with dark
brown, extending from R5 to tornus, near outer margin with narrow line of dark brown
scales, extending from M1 to CuA1; underside grayish yellow, strigulae on costa yellowish gray, strigula on termen yellowish white. Hindwing brown; underside light brown.
Male genitalia (fig. 19.3): uncus short, small, bifid, subtriangular, pointing outward; socii moderately large, teardrop-shaped, pendent from base of uncus, with dense spiniform setae mixed with less dense smaller ones; tegumen densely setose laterally, elongate subrectangular, shoulders with dense microtrichia; gnathos arising near mid-length of tegumen, with two rising band, moderately sclerotized; juxta subtrapezoid, caulis moderately long; anellus closely surrounding basal 1/5 of aedeagus; aedeagus moderately long, sinuate, with five, deciduous cornute; valva straight and rather wide subbasally, with large basal opening, with dense microtrichia from near base of sacculus to neck; sacculus sparsely setose basally, posterior margin to neck with patch of dense setae, dorsal and ventral margin sparsely setose, ventral margin with row of large, flattened spiniform setae with multidentate apices from outer surface of valva; neck sparsely setose; cucullus simple, short, rounded, densely setose, base of inner surface with ground of dense, narrow spines, pointing basally, ventrally margin with dense cluster of moderately long, flattened spiniform setae.
Female genitalia (fig. 20.3): papillae anales densely setose; apophyses anteriores long and slender (same length as apophyses posteriores); sternum VII moderately sclerotized, moderately densely scaled, scales denser near posterior margin, except sparsely setose near sterigma, posterior margin with small U-shaped emargination medially; tergum VIII with two wide, shallow pouches, lateral triangular extentions with dense scales, moderately dense setae and microtrichia; sterigma simple, ostium bursae rather small, fused with emargiination of posterior margin of S7, antrum forming narrow sclerotized cup, 1/4 length of ductus bursae; ductus bursae moderately long, widened toward corpus bursae, moderately sclerotized plate, with 29
large sclerotized bi-pronged plate narrowly encircling ductus bursae near middle and with two band-like projections with rounded tips extending into posterior portion of corpus bursae; corpus bursae spinulose except around two strong, blade-like signa with acute tips, left one larger than right one.
Specimens examined. (3♂, 1♀) Thailand: Trat Prov.: Trat Agroforesty R. St., 12 23′ 43 ″N 102 40′ 32″E, ca 46 m, 1214 Oct 2012, N. Pinkaew, np 5626 (♂, genitalia slide NP 1547), np 5527 (♀, genitalia slide NP 1548), 18-19 Aug 2012, np 5371 (♂, genitalia slide NP 1544), 1214 Oct 2011, np 5528 (♂, genitalia slide NP 1550), all specimen collected by N. Pinkaew. Deposited in KKIC.
Distribution. Thailand
Remarks. Specimens were collected at elevation 46 m.
Fibuloides corinthia (Meyrick, 1912) (Figs. 16.4, 17.7, 18.2, 19.4)
Acroclita corinthia Meyrick, 1912: 858; Diakonoff 1950: 277; Clarke 1958: 271; Kawabe et al. 1992: 108. Type locality. Sri Lanka. Lectotype ♂: deposited in BMNH.
Acroclita nigrovenana Kuznetsov, 1988, Trudy Zool. Inst. Leningrad 176: 88. Type
locality: North Vietnam (Vinhphu Province, Tamdao). Holotype ♂: deposited
in ZMAS.
Diagnosis. This species it most similar F. japonica in forewing pattern. It differs in color of this species darker than F. japonica; ocellar region of this species distinct more than F. japonica. The cucullus of F. japonica has peanut-shaped and round shape but cucullus of this species has small subtriangular sticking out and acute tips. 30
Description. Head (fig. 16.4): upper frons brownish with lateral areas narrowly dark brown, lower frons yellowish white, vertex brownish mixed with dark brown apically.; labial palpus with first segment dark brown basally, light brown apically, long scales, second segment light brown with dark brown, three transverse bands at base, middle and apex, apical segment short, light brown. Thorax (fig. 17.7): pronotal collar light brown mixed with dark brown laterally; tegula brown mixed with dark brown; mesonotum brown mixed with dark brown basally. Forewing length 4.24.3 mm in male (n=33); costal fold absent; termen slightly concave below apex
between R5 to M1, ground color light brown; strigulae 12 indistinct, strigulae 34 paired, strigulae 59 single, yellowish white, paired strigulae separated by dark brown; basal patch brown mixed with dark brown; median fascia forming irregular subtriangular patch on costa to midwing, dark brown; postmedian fascia and preterminal fascia present as brown mixed with dark brown spots; wing apex brown mixed with dark brown; ocellar region distinct, transverse narrow line, dark brown,
extending from R5 to M3; underside grayish to brown. Hindwing brown dorsally, light brown ventrally. Abdomen (fig. 18.2): Intersegmental area between sternum III and IV, IV and V, V and VI with moderately large patch, with dense short scales.
Male genitalia (figs. 19.4): uncus large, subtriangular, sparsely long setose, with dense short setae apicoposterior 2/3, apex diverged with pointed, narrowed, horn-like apicolaterally, without setae; socii moderately long, slender, curved, acuted at apex, densely setose; tegumen moderately broad, narrowed ventrally, moderately dense scales on outer margin; gnathos arising from near half length of tegumen, widened band-like, slightly sclerotized; anellus surrounding basal of aedeagus; aedeagus long, curved basally; vesica with dense, short microtrichia and denticles apical half; cornuti 16, deciduous; sacculus with moderately dense, long setae basally to ventromedially, median with dense, spiniform setae between basal opening and neck, ventromedially with group of dense setae on posterior surface and dense microtrichia, dorsal sparsely setose; neck short, widened; cucullus rather short, sharp pointed at apex, dense spiniform setae, not at apex, ventrobasally with moderately 31
large, subtriangular lobe, moderately dense setae on ventral margin and strongly short spines near apex.
Specimens examined. (33♂) Thailand: Nakhon Nayok Prov.: Khao Yai, 14 23′ 56″N 101 22′ 16″E, ca 786 m, 6 Apr 2010, N. Pinkaew, np 3872 (♂, genitalia slide NP 1434), 14 26′ 18″N 101 22′ 24″E, ca 740 m, 9, Mar 2016, N. Pinkaew, np 8286 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3156), 14 17′ 13″N 101 23′ 37″E, ca 400 m, 7 Mar 2016, N. Pinkaew et al., np 8153 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3310), 14 26′ 04″N 101 22′ 48″E, ca 725 m, 1315 Nov 2015, N. Pinkaew, np 8069 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3805), 14 21′ 56″N 101 24′ 24″E, ca 1,140 m, 6 Sep 2016, N. Pinkaew, np 9238 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3806), 14 25′ 55″N 101 24′ 05″E, ca 700 m, 2426 Mar 2017, N. Pinkaew, np 9758 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3807), Petchaburi Prov.: Kaeng Kra Chan N.P., 12 49′ 59″N 99 21′ 95″E, ca 931 m, 26 Mar 2007, N. Pinkaew, np 2119 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3804), Nakhon Si Thammarat Prov.: Khao Nan N.P., 08 46′ 19″N 99 48′ 12″E, ca 375 m, 23 June 2006, N. Pinkaew, np 1670 (♂, genitalia slide NP 788), 08 46′ 55″N 99 47′ 44″E, ca 123 m, 1 May 2008, N. Pinkaew, np 2665 (♂, genitalia slide NP 1180), np 2676 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3820), 08 51′ 47″N 99 37′ 36″E, ca 207 m, 22 Dec 2006, N. Pinkaew, np 1820 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3821), Chiangmai Prov.: Doi Suthep-Pui N.P., Pha Dum N.P., 18 45′ 33″N 98 53′ 28″E, ca 1,412 m, 6 Sep 2013, N. Pinkaew et al., no 6029 (♂, genitalia slide NP 2115), np 6028 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3808), np 6037 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3809), 18 48′ 54″N 98 55′ 38″E, ca 697 m, 1 Apr 2014, N. Patibhakypthin et al., np 6376 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3810), np 6377 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3813), 18 48′ 41″N 98 53′ 03″E, ca 1264 m, 29 Jan 2014, N. Patibhakyothin et al., np 6219 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3811), 18 48′ 41″N 98 33′ 03″E, ca 1,264 m, 5 Sep 2013, N. Pinkaew, np 5996 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3812), np 5995 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3814), np 5984 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3815), np 5991 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3816), np 5980 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3817), np 5939 (♂, genitalia slide NP 2035), 18 48′ 41″N 98 33′ 03″E, ca 1,264 m, 2 Nov 2013, N. Pinkaew, np 6200 (♂, genitalia slide NP 2162), Haui Hong Krai, 18 51′ 01″N 99 13′ 12″E, ca 370 m, 26 Jul 2013, N. Pinkaew, np 8682 (♂, genitalia 32
slide NP 3818), Doi Suthep-Pui N.P., 18 50′ 25″N 98 53′ 53″E, ca 1,338 m, 29 Mar 2014, N. Patibhakyothin et al., np 6292 (♂, genitalia slide NP 2217), Chantaburi Prov.: Khao Glaur, 13 05′ 49″N 102 10′ 21″E, ca 166 m, 16 May 2009, N. Pinkaew, np 3062 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3819), Ang-et Com. For., 12 36′ 04″N 102 19′ 50″E, ca 33 m, 20 Jan 2018, N. Pinkaew, np 11600 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3824), Trat Prov.: Trat Argoforestry Research Station, 12 23′ 34″N 102 40′ 00″E, ca 46 m, 1819 Mar 2010, N. Pinkaew, np 3688 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3822), Chaiyaphum Prov.: Chulabhorn Dam., 16 32′ 10″N 101 39′ 00″E, ca 750 m, 19 Mar 2017, N. Pinkaew, np 9651 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3823), np 9664 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3043), Sa Kaeo Prov.: Pang Sida N.P., 14 00′ 54″N 102 11′ 45″E, ca 260 m, 19 Jun 2017, N. Pinkaew et al., np 10391 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3825), 14 02′ 25″N 102 15′ 56″E, ca 310 m, 20 Dec 2017, N. Pinkaew et al., np 11360 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3826), Narathiwat Prov.: Hala-Bala W.S., 05 47′ 49″N 101 50′ 03″E, ca 60 m, 2329 Jan 2012, N. Pinkaew, np 6649 (♂, genitalia slide NP 2905), all specimens collected by N. Pinkaew. Deposited in KKIC.
Distribution. Thailand, China, Sri Lanka, India.
Remarks. Specimens were collected at elevation 461,412 m.
Fibuloides cyanopsis (Meyrick, 1982) (Figs. 16.5, 17.8, 17.9, 18.3, 19.5, 20.4)
Eucosma cyanopsis Meyrick, 1912: 866; Clarke, 1958: 360. Type locality: India. Holotype ♂: deposited in BMNH.
Eucoenogenes cyanopsis (Meyrick, 1912): Kuznetsov 1988: 81; Kawabe 1989: 52; Razowski 1999: 446; Kuznetsov 2001: 402.
Eucosma melanochlaena Meyrick, 1936, Exotic Microlepid. 4: 611. Type locality: Indonesia. "Java, Mt. Gede". Holotype ♂: deposited in BMNH. 33
Fibuloides cyanopsis (Meyrick 1912): Horak 2006: 330.
Diagnosis. This species is most similar to F. khaonanensis in forewing pattern but differs in male genitalia. The cucullus suboval-shaped of F. cyanopsis contrast with the cucullus round of F. khaonanensis.
Description. Head (fig. 16.5): upper frons with long, yellowish white to orange white, with light brown scales laterally, lower frons orange white with light brown scales medially; labial palpus with first segment yellowish white, with light brown spot apicomedially, second segment yellowish white, with light brown basally, with small spot, light brown dorsally, with light brown on ventroapically and apically, apical segment yellowish gray, with light brown basally; vertex yellowish white to orange white posteriorly mixed with pale orange anteriorly, yellowish white scales posterior to chaetosemata, row of dark brown mixed with orange white posterior to eye. Thorax (figs. 17.8, 17.9): pronotal collar brown mixed with dark brown; tegulae light brown mixed with dark brown basal half, apical half with long scales, brown with yellowish white basally; mesonotum yellowish white to orange white, with dark brown anteriorly close to pronotal collar. Forewing length 6.16.2 mm in male (n=15), 5.96.0 mm in female (n=5); male costal fold absent, termen slightly concave
between R5 and M3, ground color and costal strigulae yellowish white, strigulae 19 paired and separated by dark brown, strigulae 14 indistinct, strigulae 10 forming spot at termen; basal fascia fused with subbasal fascia and median fascia, present distinct as large patch, brown to dark brown, some specimens metallic dark blue when viewed at angle to light, extending from costa between wing base and proximal margin of strigulaae 5 to 1A+2A, distal margin of patch rounded, postmedian fascia extending
diagonally from costa between strigulae 6 and 7 to outer margin at R5, small spot on
inner margin near tornus, brown to dark brown, between inner margin to CuA1,
diffuse brown to dark brown spot between R5 and M3, near inner margin with distinct
brown striae, broken by strigulae between R5 and M1; underside light brown with yellowish white on costa and between veins on outer margin. Hindwing brown dorsally, ventrally light brown, with group of dense scales along anal margin, 34
yellowish white basal half, white pale gray apical half. Abdomen (fig. 18.3): tergum IV, V and VI with large patch of dense, very short scales, light brown to dark brown.
Male genitalia (fig. 19.5): uncus short, slightly narrowed medially, bifurcated, pointed at apex, moderately dense setae basally; socii moderately large, subtriangular, rounded at apex, pendant from base of uncus, densely setose; gnathos arising from midlength of tegumen, widened band-like; tegumen with arms moderately broad, widened apically; anellus closely surrounding basal 1/3 of aedeagus, aedeagus long, moderately wide, slightly narrow apex; cornuti moderately dense, deciduous; sacculus large with widened basal opening, with group of moderately dense setae basally, median sparsely setose, dorsomedial area moderately dense setae, outer margin with widened round lobe bearing group of dense, moderately long setae, with row of dense, long spiniform scales along apical half of outer marginal area, between sacculus and neck ventrally with 3 wide and moderately long spiniform scales, lanceolate-shaped; neck distinct, deeply incised ventrally; cucullus suboval-shaped, dense spines and setae.
Female genitalia (fig. 20.4): papillae anales densely setose; apophyses anteriores long and slender (same length as apophyses posteriores); sternum VII moderately sclerotized plate, with deep excavation, U-shaped medial emargination in posterior margin; moderately scale sockets, scales denser near posterior margin of sternum VII; lamella postvaginalis small sclerotized plate with spinulose patch; ostium bursae opening located on posterior of sternum VII; colliculum indistinct; ductus bursae moderately long with large moderately large sclerotized plate, encircling ductus bursae, bi-pronged plate narrowly and the two pointed prongs extending into bursae; ductus seminalis arising from 1/3 of ductus bursae; corpus bursae ovate, narrower at anterior half, spinulose except anterior end and area around two signa; two signa blade-shaped, widest beyond middle and tapering to sharp point.
Specimens examined. (15♂, 5♀) Thailand.: Chiangmai Prov.: Doi Suthep-Pui N.P., 18 45′ 33″N 98 53′ 28″E, ca 1,412 m, 30 Jan 2014, N. Patibhakyothin et al., np 6245 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3874), np 6248 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3875), np 6223 35
(♂, genitalia slide NP 2180), np 6242 (♂, genitalia slide NP 2190), np 6222 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3878), 31 Mar 2014, N. Patibhakyothin et al., np 6331 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3876), np 6341 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3339), np 6328 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3877), 3 Nov 2013, N. Patibhakyothin et al., np 6159 (♂, genitalia slide NP 2149), 18 48′ 54″N 98 55′ 38″E, ca 697 m, 31 Jan 2014, N. Patibhakyothin et al., np 6260 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3879), 1 Apr 2014, N. Patibhakyothin et al., np 6378 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3882), np 6381 (♀, genitalia slide NP 2251), 18 50′ 25″N 98 53′ 53″E, ca 1,338 m, 28 Jan 2014, N. Patibhakyothin et al., np 6208 (♀, genitalia slide NP 2173, 1 Nov 2013, N. Patibhakyothin et al., np 6182 (♂, genitalia slide NP 2158), Kanchanaburi Prov.: Thong Pha Phum N.P., 14 41′ 41″N 98 24′ 12″E, ca 700-735 m, 6 Feb 2002, N. Pinkaew, np 12738(♀, genitalia slide NP 192), 14 41′ 43″N 98 24′ 34″E, ca 700735 m, 11 June 2002, N. Pinkaew, np 234 (♀, genitalia slide NP 405), 14 41′ 17″N 98 24′ 02″E, ca 700735m, 9 Jan 2002, N. Pinkaew, np 12 (♀, genitalia slide NP 120), Nakhon Nayok Prov.: Khao Yai N.P., 14 23′ 56″N 101 22′ 16″E, ca 786 m, 6 Apr 2010, N. Pinkaew, np 3780 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3880), 14 21′ 49″N 101 24′ 37″E, ca 1,140 m, 12 Aug 2010, N. Pinkaew, np 4598 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3881), 6 July 2010, N. Pinkaew, np 4506 (♂, genitalia slide NP 1473), all specimens collected by N. Pinkaew. Deposited in KKIC.
Distribution. Thailand, China, Japan, Vietnam, Indonesia.
Remarks. Specimens were collected at elevation 6971,412 m.
Fibuloides euphlebia (Kawabe 1989) (Figs. 16.6, 17.10, 17.11, 19.6, 20.5)
Diagnosis. This species is most similar to F. macrosaris in forewing pattern. It differs in male genitalia. Forewing pattern of F. macrosaris has subtriangular on subbasal fascia and termen slightly concave than F. macrosaris. The cucullus small, hook-shaped, dorsal portion widened, densely setose, ventral portion narrow, acute tips of F. euphlebia contrast with cucullus moderately board, rounded dorsally, 36
ventrally pointed, narrowed to acute apex, densely sotose, except on ventral area of F. macrosaris.
Description. Head (fig. 16.6): upper frons greenish gray, lower frons light brown, vertex greenish gray mixed with light brown basally, appressed scales mixed with dense, long, slender white scales, pointing upward; labial palpus with first segment brownish orange, mixed with brownish scales, short, narrow basally, second segment much roundly dilated towards apex, brownish mixed with dark brown sport on basally, apical segment almost concealed in projecting scales of second segment or shortly exposed. Thorax (figs. 17.10, 17.11): pronotal collar grayish brown; tegulae grayish brown mixed with pale orange; mesonotum grayish brown mixed with pale orange, with transverse white scales. Forewing length 5.75.8 mm in male (n=27), 6.06.1 mm in female (n=30), male without costal fold; apex shortly protruded, termen concave below apex; ground color brownish orange; all marking dark brown; basal patch and median fascia leaving dark speck on costa, and obsolescent or vanishing below; subbasal fascia on basal 1/3 of dorsum, with a pointed top, which reach below costa; a pretornal marking on before tornus, forming a small triangular mark; apical five pairs of costal streaks followed by leaden-gray lines, which meet with each other and run to termen below apex; a narrow blackish line along termen; fringe paler than ground color of wing; underside light brown. Hindwing with 3 and 4 stalked; pale grayish brown, with distinct veins; fringe pale yellowish brownish orange above, pale grayish brown below; basodorsally with long and smoot, projecting scales; underside light brown.
Male genitalia (fig. 19.6): uncus small and short, with bilobed; socii narrowly extending along tegumen, with dense hairs, its top shortly pointed; tegumen narrow in middle, gradually broader to top, parallel-sided in basal half, dorsally subrectangular; gnathos arising from mid-length of tegumen, narrow band, connecting with each other at its middle and forming a ribbon-shaped projection; anellus loosely surrounding base of phallus; phallus rather short, with several deciduous cornuti; juxta triangular, truncate ventrally; valva concave and narrowed beyond top of sacculus, then forming a narrow cucullus, with a long, lower projection; sacculus with three long spines at its 37
basal 1/3, and Spc1 at its top; cucullus small, hook-shaped, dorsal portion widened, apex rounded, densely setose, ventral portion narrow, acute tips.
Female genitalia (fig. 20.5): papillae anales densely setose; apophyses posteriores shorter than apophyses anteriores; sternum VII moderately sclerotized plate convex, crown-shaped, large projection at middle of caudal edge, with densely microtrichia on anterior margin of sclerotized plate except around ostium; ostium opening in cephalic edge and located on posterior margin of sternum VII; antrum small and short: ductus bursae rather short, widened toward corpus bursae, with small sclerotized, not encircling ductus bursae, bi-prongs plate narrowly not encircling ductus bursae and two pointed prongs extending into bursae; ductus seminalis arising from anterior 1/3 of ductus bursae; corpus bursae rounded, spinulose except area around two signa; two signa blade-shaped, acute tips.
Specimens examined. (27♂, 30♀) Thailand.: Nakhon Nayok Prov.: Khao Yai N.P., 14 21′ 56″N 101 24′ 24″E, ca 1,140 m, 6 Sep 2016, N. Pinkaew et al., np 9202 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3759), np 9209 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3760), np 9216 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3762), np 9182 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3763), np 9248 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3764), np 9146 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3765), np 9213 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3766), np 9208 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3767), np 9176 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3768), np 9245 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3769), np 9201 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3771), np 9198 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3772), np 9138 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3773), np 9207 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3774), np 9197 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3775), np 9211 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3778), np 9203 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3780), np 9147 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3781), np 9130 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3782), np 9150 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3783), np 9252 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3784), np 9172 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3785), np 9159 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3786), np 9200 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3787), np 9151 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3788), np 9163 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3789), np 9210 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3790), np 9145 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3791), np 12739 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3798), np 9166 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3799), np 9212 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3800), np 9142 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3801), np 9205 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3802), np 9217 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3803), np 9161 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3079), np 9171 (♂, genitalia slide NP 38
3082), np 9204 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3099), np 9199 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3098), np 9206 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3100), np 9132 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3097), np 9179 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3081), np 9164 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3101), 5 Jul 2016, np 8842 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3776), np 8840 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3777), 14 26′ 18″N 101 22′ 24″E, ca 740 m, 2122 Oct 2017, N. Pinkaew et al., np 11275 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3761), np 11274 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3797), 14 25′ 55″N 101 24′ 05″E, ca 700 m, 18-20 Aug 2017, N. Pinkaew et al., np 10624 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3326), 14 21′ 49″N 101 24′ 37″E, ca 1,140 m, 10 Sep 2010, N. Pinkaew et al., np 4774 (♀, genitalia slide NP 1508), Chiangmai Prov.: Doi Suthep-Pui N.P., 18 48′ 41″N 98 53′ 03″E, ca 1,264 m, 26 Jul 2014, N. Patibhakyothin et al., np 6500 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3770), 18 48′ 54″N 98 55′ 38″E, ca 697 m, 31 Jan 2014, N. Patibhakyothin et al., np 6272 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3792), Sa Kaeo Prov.: Pang Sida N.P., 13 59′ 36″N 102 12′ 21″E, ca 165 m, 2 Mar 2017, N. Pinkaew et al., np 9614 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3779), 14 00′ 54″N 102 11′ 45″E, ca 260 m, 27 Feb 2017, N. Pinkaew et al., np 9469 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3793), 14 02′ 25″N 102 15′ 36″E, ca 310 m, 1 Mar 2017, N. Pinkaew et al., np 9591 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3794), Chanthaburi Prov.: Khitchakut N.P., 12 50′ 21″N 102 07′ 15″E, ca 73 m, 21 Feb 2012, N. Pinkaew et al., np 7716 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3795), Kanchanaburi Prov.: Phra Than Dong Rung Park, 7 Apr 2005, N, Pinkaew, np 1559 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3796), Nakhon Sithammarat Prov.: Khao Nan N.P., 08 46′ 55″N 99 47′ 44″E, ca 123 m, 1 May 2008, N. Pinkaew, np 2721 (♀, genitalia slide NP 1133), 08 43′ 56″N 99 38′ 21″E, ca 116 m, 2 Apr 2008, N. Pinkaew, np 2610 (♂, genitalia slide NP 1201), all specimens collected by N.Pinkaew and N. Patibhakyothin et al.. Deposited in KKIC.
Distribution. Thailand,
Remarks. Specimens were collected at elevation 731,264 m.
39
Fibuloides falcatus Siraphattarathamrong and Pinkaew, 2019 (Figs. 16.7, 17.12, 19.7)
Diagnosis. This species is most similar to F. vaneeae in forewing pattern, but differs in the shape of the uncus and cucullus in male genitalia. The board uncus, and the sickle-shape cucullus of the F. falcatus contrast with the slender, deeply bifid uncus and the long and narrow cucullus of F. vaneeae.
Description. Head (fig. 16.7): upper frons brownish yellow mixed with brown to dark brown, lower fronts yellowish white, light brown laterally; labial palpus with first segment white, with brown spots apically of scales, apically segment with transverse dark brown band, second segment white with dark brown spot laterally, with transverse dark brown band medially, dorsomedial area with yellow and purple spots, ventromedial area with white spot, apical segment purple basally, white to yellowish apically. Thorax (fig. 17.12): pronotal collar brown mixed with dark brown; tegula brown mixed with dark brown on basal half, mesonotum brown, with transverse dark brown band. Forewing length 5.6 mm in male (n=1); costa evenly curve; costal strigulae greyish white separated by dark brown streak; termen concave below apex, male costal fold absent; ground color light brown mixed with dark brown striae, with irregular basal patch, brown mixed with dark brown; median fascia dark
brown, extending obliquely from costa to base of R5, margins irregular, beyond with
four striae extending obliquely from costa to R5, grey alternate with orange brown,
apical 1/5 with irregular blackish along wing venation of R5 to CuA1; termen with
brown-dark brown line between R5 and CuA1, pretornal area with dark brown
subtriangular mark extending from dorsum to between M3 to CuA1, underside light brown with greyish white spots along costa. Hindwing light brown, anal margin moderately sclerotized with group of long, light brown hair pencils beneath originating from wing base, underside light brown.
Male genitalia (fig. 19.7): uncus moderately large, with moderately dense scale sockets basal half, apical half larger forming bilobes, rounded apex, dorsal margin with shallow excavation medially, ventral margin with distinct v-shaped 40
excavation; socii subtriangular, arising from base of uncus, pendant ventrally, long 1/4 of tegumen length, rounded apices, densely setose; tegumen subrectangular, moderately sclerotized, with dense scale sockets basal 2/3, with pronounced sinuate shoulders; gnathos forming two arms, moderately sclerotized, weakly at base, extending upwardly. Juxta subtriangular; caulis short; anellus surrounding at base of phallus; phallus moderately long, without cornute; valva long and slender; sacculus with moderately scale sockets ventromedially, with dense short setae medially, ventrolateral surface with large group of long spiniform setae toward neck; neck long and narrow, moderately dense short setae; cucullus incised medioapically forming two lobe, dorsal lobe crescent-shape, pointed apex, densely setose basally, ventral lobe larger, slightly widened to round apex, densely setose except outer margin and apex.
Specimens examined. 1♂. Thailand: Chiangmai.: Doi SuthepPui N.P., Pha Dum N.P., 1845′33″N, 9853′28″E, 1,412m, Hill Evergreen Forest, 06 September 2013, N. Pinkaew et al.; np 6010. all specimens collected by N. Pinkaew et al.. Deposited in KKIC.
Distribution. Thailand
Remark. Specimen was collected at elevation 1,412 m.
Fibuloides geniculata Pinkaew and Zang, 2012 (Figs. 16.8, 17.13, 17.14, 19.8, 20.6)
Diagnosis. This species is most similar F. levatana in forewing pattern, but differs in male genitalia. The uncus stick out of shoulder of tegumen and slender; cucullus sub-triangular, rounded dorsally of F. geniculata contrast with uncus short and cucullus narrow, short setae basally in F. levatana.
Description. Head (fig. 16.8): upper frons light brown mixed with dark brown, lower frons yellowish white; labial palpus with first segment light brown to 41
brown with yellowish white dorsally, second segment dilated apically by scales, orange white with brown spots basally and dorsomedially, with patch of brown to dark brown at 2/3 length ventrally, apical segment light brown; vertex brown mixed with brownish gray; antenna light brown with dorsal notch at base of flagellum. Thorax (figs. 17.13, 17.14): pronotal collar brown; tegula brown mixed with dark brown on basal 1/3; mesonotum brown mixed with grayish brown, Forewing length 6.26.3 mm in male (n=2), 6.7 mm in female (n=1); male costal fold absent; dorsum half of wing with three tufts of raised scales medially; termen slightly concave below
apex, with yellowish white spot between R5 to M1 on termen and dark brown narrow
line along margin extending from R5 to CuA1; costal strigulae 29 paired, yellowish white and separated by dark brown spots, strigula 1 indistinct, with oblique silvery
striae from strigulae58 to R4 and short silvery stria from strigula 9 to R5; fasciae present as dark brown spots on costa; ground color pale yellowish gray intermixed
with light brown, with large patch extending from costa to M1, dark grayish brown, darker on apical half, wing apex dark brown; underside light brown, strigulae on costa and termen yellowish white. Hindwing in male with modified, narrow anal area, light grayish brown with dense fringe of large, blackish brown scales along base of anal margin; unmodified in female. Abdomen: male tergum V-VIII with two kinds of modified scales: long and slender scales in a narrow anterior band, with short and swollen scales posteriorly.
Male genitalia (fig. 19.8): uncus slender, bifid and flaring at apex with tips, curved outwardly; socii small, short, pendent apically rounded, densely setose; tegumen narrowly subtriangular with angled shoulders, with group of dense setae posteriorly in dorsal 2/3; gnathos rising from about ventral 1/3 length of tegumen, moderately sclerotized, distally converging; anellus loosely surrounding base of phallus, cuplike dorsally; aedeagus moderately long, tapering towards apex, sharply upwardly bent by 90 at 2/5 from base, with several deciduous cornute; juxta triangular, truncate ventrally; valva with large basal excavation and short, moderately slender neck; sacculus sparsely setose basally; outer surface of valva with enlarged, flattened bristles from end of sacculus to neck, some very large and twisted; cucullus 42
sub-triangular, rounded dorsally, acutely angled ventrally and ending in a short stout spine, inner surface densely setose at neck.
Female genitalia (fig. 20.6): papillae anales densely setose; apophyses posteriors as long as apophyses anteriores; stermun VII with entrance to ostium in deep, U-shaped emargination of posterior margin, densely scaled, with microtrichia and sparse setae on sternum VII and emargination, with slightly curved transverse ridges anterior to ostium; lamella postvaginalis with spinulose patch; ostium bursae located near anterior margin of sternum VII, colliculum small; ductus bursae short, with longitudinal ridged sclerotized plate, inner surface medially with group of sparse spinules, anteriorly bifurcate with the blunt apex extending into corpus bursae; ductus seminalis arising from middle of ductus bursae; corpus bursae ovate, spinulose except anteriorly and in area around signa; two signa of differing size, blade-shaped, gradually tapering to sharp point.
Specimens examined. (2♂, 1♀) Thailand.: Sa Kaeo Prov.: Pang Sida N.P., 14 07′ 37″N 102 15′ 30″E, ca 610 m, 17 Oct 2017, N. Pinkaew et al., np 11009 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3893), 20 Jun 2017, N. Pinkaew et al., np 10416 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3894), 14 02′ 25″N 102 15′ 56″E, ca 310 m, 26 Apr 2017, N. Pinkaew et al., np 10014 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3895), all specimens collected by N. Pinkaew et al.. Deposited in KKIC.
Distribution. Thailand
Remarks. Specimens were collected at elevation 310610 m.
Fibuloides japonica (Kawabe, 1978) (Figs. 16.9, 17.15, 20.7)
Eucoenogenes japonica Kawabe, 1978: 185; Kawabe 1982, 1: 120, 2: 173; Byun et al. 1998: 160; Razowski 1999: 446; Kuznetsov 2001: 402; Lui and Li 2002: 319. Type locality: Japan, Holotype ♂: deposited in USNM. 43
Diagnosis. This species is most similar F. khaoyai in forewing pattern, but differs in female genitalia. The ostium of F. japonica is located on posterior of sternum VII but ostium of F. Khaoyai is located on anterior of sternum VII.
Description. Head (fig. 16.9): upper frons light brown, lower frons brownish white, vertex brown to light brown; labial palpus with first segment light brown, long scales, basally, brown to dark brown, apically scales shorter than basally, second segment light brown on basal half, dark brown mixed with light brown spots on apical half, yellowish brown dorsolaterally, apical segment short, brown to dark brown. Thorax (fig. 17.15): pronotal collar light brown; tegula brown mixed with dark brown, dorsal half dark brown, ventral half light brown to brown; mesonotum light brown to brown mixed with dark brown spots. Forewing length 7.47.5 mm in female (n=4);
termen slightly concave below apex, between R5 to M1; ground color dark brown; costal strigulae 12 in distinct, strigulae 36 paired, strigulae 79 single, paired strigulae separated by dark brown; basal fascia patch dark brown mixed with brown
spots; median fascia extending obliquely between strigulae 3 and 4 to M1, extending transversely to 1A+2A, dark brown mixed with brown; postmedian fascia between strigulae 4 and 5, dark brown mixed with brown two oblique band near costa; preterminal fascia dark brown mixed with brown; ocellar region with irregular dark
brown line between M1 to CuA1; underside light brown. Hindwing brown dorsally, light brown ventrally.
Female genitalia (fig. 20.7): papillae anales with dense setae; apophyses short and stout, anterior slightly longer than posterior; tergum VIII with moderately scaled on triangular lateral extensions; sternum VII with large sclerotized plate, with deep excavation, U-shaped medial emargination in posterior margin; moderately scaled except anterior medially with curved patch, small sclerotized ridge; ostium bursae opening into a wide shallow cup fused with emargination of sternum VII; lamella postvaginalis forming a transverse band with a well-sclerotized posterior margin in middle, spinulose, more densely scaled on 2/3 posteriorly, anteromedially without scales and microtrichia, with patch of dense microtrichia extending on membrane 44
laterally beyond lamella poatvaginalis; colliculum indistinct; ductus bursae rather short, widened towards corpus bursae, with moderately sclerotized, not encircling ductus bursae, with moderately sclerotized bi-pronged plate narrowly encircling ductus bursae near middle and with two band-like projection with rounded tips into posterior portion of corpus bursae; corpus bursae spinulose except around two strong, blade-like signa with acute tips, left one longer than right one.
Specimens examined. (4♀) Thailand.: Chiangmai Prov.: Doi Suthep-Pui N.P., 18 45′ 33″N 98 53′ 28″E, ca 1,412 m, 28 May 2014, N. Patibhakyothin et al., np 6428 (♀, genitalia slide NP 2270), 27 Jul 2014, N. Patibhakyothin et al., np 6524 (♀, genitalia slide NP 2297), 30 Jan 2014, N. Patibhakyothin et al., np 6241 (♀, genitalia slide NP 2189), 18 48′ 41″N 98 53′ 03″E, ca 1,246 m, 26 Jul 2014, N. Patibhakyothin et al., np 6505 (♀, genitalia slide NP 2291), all specimen collected by N. Patibhakyothin et al.. Deposited in KKIC.
Distribution. Thailand, China, Korea, Japan.
Remarks. Specimens were collected at elevation 1,2641,412 m.
Fibuloides khaonanensis Pinkaew, 2008 (Figs. 16.10, 17.16, 19.9)
Diagnosis. This species is most similar to F. cyanopsis (Meyrick) in forewing pattern; the presence of a short, rounded cucullus; and the presence of transverse bands of modified scales on the abdomen. It differs from F. cyanopsis in forewing pattern, with the basal half of the wing with a patch formed from confluent basal, sub- basal, and median fasciae, extending from the costa to the inner margin; the cucullus having a subtriangular lobe basoventrally; and abdominal tergites IV, V, VI and VII with transverse bands of modified scales on their anterior margins.
Description. Head (fig. 16.10): upper frons brownish orange to light brown, lower frons orange white; labial palpus with first segment yellowish white; second 45
segment yellowish white to orange white with brown spots basally and dorsomedially, brown to dark brown spots ventroapically at 2/3 length and apically, apical segment brownish orange; vertex light brown to brown mixed with dark brown laterally; antenna with notch at basal subsegment of flagellum. Thorax (fig. 17.16): pronotal collar light brown; tegula brown mixed with dark brown on basal 1/3; mesonotum pale orange, anterior half mixed with scattered light brown scales, posterior half brown to dark brown, posterior scale-tufts absent. Forewing length 6.66.7 mm in
male (n=5); male costal fold absent; R4 and R5 stalked 1/5 length of R5; termen slightly concave below apex; ground color light brown; costal strigulae 29 paired, pale yellow, and separated by dark brown, strigula 1 indistinct, termen with strigula
forming pale yellow spot between R5 and M1; basal, subbasal, and median fascia indistinct, confluent, forming large patch extending from wing base to middle of wing, from costa at strigula 6 to inner margin, brown mixed with dark brown scales, metallic grayish blue when angles to light, distal margin of patch extending obliquely
outward from costa to base of R4, angled, and extending inward to middle of inner margin; postmedian fascia extending obliquely outward from costa between strigulae
6 and 7 to R5 near outer margin, dark brown mixed with brownish orange, preterminal
fascia extending obliquely outward from costa between strigulae 8 and 9 to R5 near outer margin, strigulae 5 and 6 with silvery striae becoming confluent and bordering
postmedian fascia to R5, strigula 7 with silvery striae extending obliquely to R5, strigulae 8 and 9 with silvery striae reduced to small spots, pretornal subtriangular
spot extending from inner margin to CuA1 (M3 in some species), dark brown, ocellar
region with dark brown irregular patch extending from R5 to CuA1. Underside light brown, strigulae on costa and termen yellowish gray. Hindwing brown dorsally, light brown ventrally, anal margin with long scale-tufts, light brown.
Male genitalia (fig. 19.9): uncus small and short, bifid, apices pointed; socii large, triangular, apically rounded, arising from base of uncus, pendant to 1/4 of tegumen length, moderately setose; tegumen narrow basally, swollen dorsally, with group of dense setae posteriorly, moderately setose along ventral 2/3; ghathos arising from near tegumen ca. at the half length, forming a roobbonlike band, with two sclerotized bands arising medially; anellus closely surrounding basal 1/3 of adeagus, 46
cuplike dorsally; adeagus moderately long, basal half enlarged, with 9 deciduous cornuti; juxta triangular, truncate ventrally; valva with large basal excavation, moderately setose from base to middle of sacculus, medially with strip of dense, large, flat setae, apically pointed, with strip of larger, flat setae, apically pointed, mixed with strip of dense, short setae along outer ventral margin; dorsally with dense spines from basal opening to cucullus, neck slightly excavated ventrally; cucullus short, rather round, densely setose except apicoventral 1/3, basoventrally with moderate subtriangular lobe protruding ventrally close to neck.
Specimens examined. (5♂) Thailand.: Chiangmai Prov.: Doi Suthep-Pui N.P., 18 45′ 33″N 98 53′ 28″E, ca 1,412 m, 6 Sep 2013, N. Pinnkaew, np 6008 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3827), np 6000 (♂, genitalia slide NP 2049), np 6001 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3829), Haul Hong Krai, 18 51′ 01″N 99 13′ 12″E, ca 370 m, 26 Jul 2013, N. Pinkaew, np 8685 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3828), Kanchanaburi Prov.: Thong Pha Phum N.P., 14 41′ 39″N 98 24′ 10″E, ca 700-735 m, 13 Jan 2002, N. Pinkaew and R. Brown, np 14 (♂, genitalia slide NP 169), all specimens collected by N. Pinkaew et al.. Deposited in KKIC.
Distribution. Thailand
Remarks. Specimens were collected at elevation 3701,412 m.
Fibuloides khaoyai Pinkaew and Zang, 2012 (Figs. 16.11, 17.17, 17.18, 19.10, 20.8)
Diagnosis. This species is most similar to F. vaneeae Pinkaew in forewing pattern, but differs in the shape of the uncus and cucullus. The broad, scoop-shaped uncus and the nearly rhomboid-shaped cucullus of F. khaoyai contrast with the slender, deeply bifid uncus and the long and narrow cucullus of F. vaneeae.
Description. Head (fig. 16.11): upper frons brown mixed with dark brown laterally, lower frons yellowish white; labial palpus with first segment orange white 47
with dark brown spot apically, second segment orange white with dark brown spots basally and apicodorsally, with transverse dark brown band medially, apical segment small, orange white; vertex brown mixed with dark brown laterally. Thorax (fig. 17.17, 17.18): ponotal collar brown; tegula brown mixed with dark brown on basal 1/3; mesonotum brown mixed with dark brown. Forewing length 5.65.7 mm in male (n=25), 6.86.9 mm in female (n=13); male costal fold absent; ground color orange white mixed with brownish gray; costal strigulae orange white, and separated by dark
brown; termen with orange white strigula between R5 and M1, and dark brown narrow
line from R5 to CuA1; basal fascia indistinct, with dark brown spot divided by orange white scales between costa and R and irregular rows of dark brown between R and inner margin; subbasal fascia distinct on costa between strigulae 2 and 3 and extending to near middle of discal cell, dislocated apically between middle of discal cell and inner margin, brownish orange mixed with grayish orange, margined by dark
brown; median fascia extending obliquely from costa between strigulae 4 and 5 to R5,
widened at R5 and extending transversely to 1A+2A, dark brown mixed with orange, broken by ground color at M-stem in discal cell; preternal with subtriangular spot, dark brown mixed with orange surrounded by dark brown on proximal and distal margins; postmedian fascia extending obliquely from costa between strigulae 6 and 7
to R5 near outer margin, brown to dark brown mixed with orange, strigulae 5 and 6
with silvery striae becoming confluent extending obliquely to R5, strigulae 7 with
silvery striae extending obliquely to R5, strigulae 8 and 9 with short silvery striae,
outer margin with silvery striae extending from M2 to CuA2; ocellar region with dark
brown patch between R5 and CuA1; underside light brown with yellowish gray striae on costa and on termen. Hindwing brown dorsally, light brown ventrally.
Male genitalia (fig. 19.10): uncus board, short and flat, blunt apices, bending outwardly; socii slender, apically rounded, originating from base of uncus, pendant to 1/4 of tegumen length, moderately setose; tegumen narrow basally, gradually broader to top, parallel-sided in basal half, dorsally rounded, with sparse setae; gnathos arising from about half of tegumen, weakly sclerotized; anellus closely surrounding basal 2/5 of phallus; phallus moderately long, only slightly curve at distal 1/3, with several deciduous cornute; juxta triangular, truncate ventrally; valva with relatively small 48
basal excavation, ventral margin concave between sacculus and cucullus and produce into slender curved neck; sacculus sparsely sotose basally, with enlarged flattened bristles on sacculus angle; neck with dense hairs; cucullus nearly rhomboid-shaped, with hair and slender spines, round dorsally and with a small triangular salient, nearly right-angled ventrally.
Female genitalia (fig. 20.8): papillae anales densely setose; apophyses posteriores slightly shorter than apophyses anteriores; sternum VII densely scales especially on posterior margin except anteromedially half, anterolaterally with patch of densely microtrichiate, posterior margin of sternum VII slightly concaved medially, membrane between sternum VII and VIII with dense microtrichia; ostium bursae located on posterior margin of sternum VII; antrum sclerotized forming a large cup- shaped; ductus bursae moderately long with large sclerotized plate slightly extending into corpus bursae, inner surface with group of moderately dense spinulose medially; ductus seminalis arising from nearly anterior end of ductus bursae; corpus bursae ovate, widest beyond middle and tapering to sharp point.
Specimens examined. (25♂, 13♀) Thailand.: Nakhon Nayok Prov.: KhaoYai N.P., 14 21′ 49″ N 101 24′ 37″ E, ca 1,140 m, 11 Feb 2010, N. Pinkaew et al., np 3484 (♂, genitalia slide NP 1369), 5 Apr 2010, np 3765 (♀, genitalia slide NP 1415), np 3876 (♀, genitalia slide NP 1417), np 3810 (♀, genitalia slide NP 1412), np 3848 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3844), np 3851 (♂, genitalia slide NP 1410), np 3844 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3845), np 3832 (♀, genitalia slide NP 2852), np 3782 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3854), np 3880 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3855), np 3873 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3856), np 3893 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3858), 10 Sep 2010, N. Pinkaew et al., np 4713 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3871), 6 Jul 2010, N. Pinkaew et al., np 4550 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3868), np 4563 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3869), 12 Aug 2010, N. Pinkaew et al., np 4637 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3857), 14 June 2010, N. Pinkaew et al., np 4491 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3846), np 4488 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3847), np 4377 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3849), np 4381 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3850), np 4345 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3859), np 4328 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3860), np 4342 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3861), np 4371 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3862), np 4338 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3863), np 4490 (♂, 49
genitalia slide NP 3864), np 4420 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3865), np 4349 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3866), np 4493 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3867), np 4453 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3870), 9 Nov 2009, N. Pinkaew et al., np 3128 (♂, genitalia slide NP 1255), 14 21′ 56″ N 101 24′ 24″ E, ca 1,140 m, 6 Sep 2016, N. Pinkaew et al., np 9110 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3145), 8 Mar 2016, N. Pinkaew et al., np 8217 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3144), np 8188 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3143), 10 May 2010, N. Pinkaew et al., np 4124 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3872), Chiangmai Prov.: Doi Suthep-Pui N.P., 18 45′ 33″ N 98 53′ 28″E, ca 1,412 m, 31 Mar 2014, N. Patibhakyothin et al., np 6336 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3848), 30 Jan 2014, N. Patibhakyothin et al., np 6244 (♀, genitalia slide NP 2192), Chanthaburi Prov.: Khao Khitchakut N.P., 12 50′ 23″N 102 19′ 53″E, ca 950 m, 19 Apr 2016, N. Pinkaew et al., np 7744 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3851), np 7745 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3853), all specimens collected by N. Pinkaew et al. and N. Patibhakyothin et al.. Deposited in KKIC.
Distribution. Thailand
Remarks. Specimens were collected at elevation 9501,412 m.
Fibuloides levatana (Kuznetsov, 1997) (Figs. 16.12, 17.19, 19.11)
Eucoenogenes levatana Kuznetsov, 1997: 197. Type locality: Vietnam, Holotype ♂: deposited in ZMAS.
Diagnosis. This species is most similar F. geniculata in forewing pattern, but differs in male genitalia. The uncus short and cucullus narrow, short setae basally in F. levatana but uncus stick out of shoulder of tegumen and slender; cucullus sub- triangular, rounded dorsally in F. geniculata.
Description. Head (fig. 16.12): upper frons light brown to brown, lower frons yellowish white, vertex brown mixed with dark brown, light brown dorsolaterally and 50
ventrolaterally; labial palpus with first segment brown to dark brown dorsally, second segment dark brown mixed with yellowish white scales on dorsally, apical segment brown on basal half, light brown on apical half. Thorax (fig. 17.19): pronotal collar light brown; tegula light brown mixed with brown on basal 1/4; mesonotum brown mixed with light brown. Forewing length 4.44.5 mm in male (n=6); termen slightly concave below apex ; strigulae 13 indistinct, strigulae 45 paired, strigulae 69 single, yellowish white and separated by dark brown, with oblique silvery striae from
strigulae 68 to R4 and short silvery striae from strigula 9 to R5; fascia present as dark brown spots on costa; ground color pale yellowish gray intermixed with light brown,
with large patch extending from costa to M2, dark brown, darker on apical half, wing
apex dark brown; ocellar region with dark brown line extending from R5 to M2; underside light brown. Hindwing light brown to brown dorsally, light brown ventrally.
Male genitalia (fig. 19.11): uncus short, with lobe medially of uncus, bifid and apices tips; socii large, dense long setae, pendant from base of uncus to 1/3 of tegumen, apically rounded; tegumen arms narrow ventrally, widened at midlength, with slightly scales socket outer margin on middle of tegumen; ghathos arising from midlength of tegumen, weakly sclerotized; anellus cloosely surrounding base of phallus; phallus moderately long, with several deciduous cornuti; juxta triangula; valva with large basal excavation, with group of sparse setae along ventrobasal margin of sacculus and group of dense setae medially between basal opening and neck, ventroapical margin of sacculus with short and spiniform setae, ventrolateral surface of valva with large group of long, spiniform, flattened setae with multidentate apices basally and rounded, spiniform setae with bidentate apices toward neck, neck narrow, with sparse setae, rotated near middle of cucullus facing ventrally, cucullus narrow, with dense moderately long setae, basally bend toward sacculus.
Specimens examined. (6♂) Thailand.: Nakhon Si Thammarat Prov.: Khao Nan N.P., 08 47′ 24″N 99 32′ 00″E, ca 765 m, 7 Apr 2006, N. Pinkaew, np 1521 (♂, genitalia slide NP 773), Sakaerat SRB., 14 29′ 47″N 101 54′ 59″E, ca 514 m, 27 Feb 51
2014, N. Pinkaew, np 6937 (♂, genitalia slide NP 2380), Nakhon Nayok Prov.: Khao Yai N.P., 14 26′ 04″N 101 22′ 48″E, ca 725 m, 13-15 Nov 2017, N. Pinkaew, np 8070 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3755), Sa Kaeo Prov.: Pang Sida N.P., 13 59′ 36″N 102 12′ 21″E, ca 165 m, 22 Jun 2017, N. Pinkaew et al., np 10498 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3756), 14 07′ 37″N 102 15′ 30″E, ca 610 m, 17 Oct 2017, N. Pinkaew et al., np 10998 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3757), 13 59 36N 102 12 21E, 21 Dec 2017, N. Pinkaew et al., np 11495 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3758), all specimens collected by N. Pinkaew et al.. Deposited in KKIC.
Distribution. Thailand, China, Vietnam.
Remarks. Specimens were collected at elevation 514765 m.
Fibuloides macrosaris (Meyrick, 1938) (Figs. 16.13, 17.20, 18.4, 19.12)
Eucosma macrosaris Meyrick, 1938. Deuts. Entomol. Z. Iris 52: 84. Type locality: Indonesia, Java, Djokjakarta. Holotype ♂: deposited in BMNH.
Diagnosis. This species can be easily distinguished from all other species by a forewing with a wide, termen straight but other species termen usually concave or slightly concave. The uncus moderately long, apex rounded, projecting dorsally, asetoae; cucullus moderately broad, subrectangular; sacculus with a wide basal opening, moderately dense setae.
Description. Head (fig. 16.13): upper frons light brown, lower frons orange white; labial palpus with first segment pale orange, second segment light brown mixed with dark brown spots, apical segment light brown; vertex light brown mixed with brown. Thorax (fig. 17.20): pronotal collar dark brown; tegulae and mesonotum light brown mixed with brown. Forewing length 6.46.4 mm in male (n=3); male costal fold absent, termen straight; ground color orange white; costal strigulae orange 52
white, strigulae 19 paired and separated by dark brown; basal patch present irregularly extending from wing base to strigulae 3 and from costa to inner margin, brown mixed with dark brown with diffuse orange white scales, distal margin extending dislocated ventral half of patch; median fascia extending distinct, dark
brown from costa to M1 and extending irregularly to inner margin, brown mixed with
dark brown, distal margin extending obliquely from costa to R5, angled and extending
inwardly to inner margin; postmedian fascia extending obliquely from costa to R5 near outer margin, angled and extending inwardly to inner margin near tornus, strigulae
58 with distinct grey striae extending obliquely from costa to R5; outer margin with
distinct dark brown line, broken by orange white strigulae between R5 and M1; underside light brown with orange white spots on costa and outer margin between veins. Hindwing brown, anal margin, sclerotized with scale-tufts orange grey to
brownish orange, ventral light brown. Abdomen (fig. 18.4): Sternum IV and V with
large patch of dense, very short scales, dark brown.
Male genitalia (fig. 19.12): uncus moderately long, basally widened, apically moderately wide, rounded at apex, with tubular lobe apically, moderately long, apex rounded, projecting dorsally, asetose; socii rather small, arising from tegumen dorsolaterally, subtriangular, densely setose; gnathos arising from near midlength of tegumen, completed band-like, sclerotized, widened, dorsomedially with subtriangular lobe, rounded dorsally, projecting dorsally to between uncus; tegumen with arms broad, moderately dense scaled basolaterally; anellus surrounding basal of aedeagus; aedeagus rather short, tubular, slightly narrowed to apex; cornuti dense; sacculus with a wide basal opening, moderately dense, long setae basally, median with dense, moderately long, spiniform setae between basal opening and neck, dorsal sparse setae, posteromedial surface with row of dense, long spiniform setae; neck short, deeply concaved ventrally, moderately dense, short, spiniform setae; cucullus moderately broad, rounded dorsally, ventrally pointed, narrowed to acute apex, densely setose, except on ventral area.
53
Specimens examined. (3♂) Thailand.: Kanchanaburi Prov.: Thong Pha Phum N.P., 14 41′ 38″N 98 24′ 17″E, ca 735m, 30 July 2002, N. Pinkaew, np 142 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3745), 14 41′ 43″N 98 27′ 34″E, 15 May 2002, N. Pinkaew, np 142 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3745), Chiangmai Prov.: Doi Suthep-Pui N.P., 18 45′ 33″N 98 53′ 28″E, ca 1,412 m, 3 Mar 2014, N. Patibhakyothin et al., np 6390 (♂, genitalia slide NP 2223), all specimens collected by N. Pinkaew and N. Patibhakyothin et al.. Deposited in KKIC.
Distribution. Thailand, Indonesia.
Remarks. Specimens were collected at elevation 7351,412 m.
Fibuloides munda (Diakonoff, 1983) (Figs. 16.14, 17.21, 17.22, 19.13, 20.9)
Epinotia munda Diakonoff, 1983, Zool. Verh. Leiden 204: 40. Type locality: Indonesia (Sumatra, Mt. Bandahara, Bivouac One). Holotype ♀: deposited in RMNH.
Diagnosis. This species is most similar to F. cyanopsis in forewing pattern but differs from male genitalia. The ventral margins of sacculus straight and ventromedial area at midlength with small, rounded lobe; cucullus small, rounded, densely setose of F. munda contrast with ventral margins of sacculus slightly concave; cucullus moderately large, peanut-shaped, densely setose in F. cyanopsis.
Description. Head (fig. 16.14): Upper frons orange white to pale orange mixed with brownish orange, light brown; labial palpus with first segment light brown mixed with brown, second segment brownish orange, with dark brown spots basally, dorsomedially, and ventrally 2/3 length, and brownish-orange spot apically, apical segment orange white; vertex yellowish white, eye bordered posteriorly by row of brown and dark brown scales. Thorax (figs. 17.21, 17.22): Pronotal collar and tegula 54
brown mixed with dark brown; mesonotum brown mixed with yellowish white and dark brown. Forewing length 7.27.3 mm in male (n=5), 6.8 mm in female (n=1);
male costal fold absent; venation with R4-R5 stalked 1/3 length of R5; termen concave
between apex and M3, ground color brownish orange mixed with brown, inner margin with patch extending from basal fascia to pretornal spot and medially to 1A+2A, yellowish white mixed with brownish gray; costal strigulae 19 paired, orange white to pale orange, separated by dark brown spots or short lines; basal fascia with scattered dark brown scales, distal margin extending as dark brown line from costa near strigula 1 to inner margin; subbasal fascia present as dark brown spot between strigulae 2 and 3 and extending from costa to R, dislocated apically to form brownish orange spot with dark brown margin between middle of discal cell and 1A+2A; median fascia indistinct, present as dark brown spot on costa between strigulae 4 and 5; postmedian and preterminal fasciae present as dark brown spots on costa between strigulae 69; apex with dark brown spot extending into adjacent fringe scales;
pretornal subtriangular spot extending from inner margin to CuA1, brownish orange
with dark brown margins; ocellar region with a dark brown line extending from R5 to
CuA1, scalloped between veins, outer margin with distinct dark brown line, broken by
orange white, unpaired strigulae between R5 and M1, M1 and M2, and CuA1 and CuA2. Underside light brown, strigulae on costa and termen yellowish gray to yellowish white. Hindwing brown dorsally, light brown ventrally.
Male genitalia (fig. 19.13): uncus short, apices pointed; socii pendent from base of uncus, apically rounded, moderately setose; tegumen arms narrow ventrally, widened in dorsal 1/3, with moderately dense setae dorsomedially; gnathos arising from midlength of tegumen, membranous; anellus closely surrounding basal 1/3 of adeagus; adeagus moderately long, apically tapered, dorsoapical 1/3 unsclerotized, cornute moderately dense; juxta triangular; valva with small group of setae basally and large group dorsally at midlength, ventromedial area at midlength with small, rounded lobe, long setae arising from between lobe and ventral margin, microtrichia present on medial surface from near base to rounded lobe, ventrolateral surface of valva with group of long, spiniform setae surrounded by microtrichia, some setae with deeply bifid apices at high magnification, base of neck with a long, ventrally 55
projecting, digitate process lacking setae or with a few setae near middle; cucullus small, rounded, densely setose.
Female genitalia (fig. 20.9): papillae anales with dense setae, some lateral setae with papillose bases; lamella antevaginalis reduced, lamella postvaginalis moderately sclerotized, with dense microtrichia and moderately dense scales; sternum VI densely microtrichiate on posterior half; sternum VII densely microtrichiate except on posterolateral corners, densely setose on posterolateral corners and posteromedial area, asetose on remainer of sclerite; tergum VIII with moderately dense scales and microtrichia on lateral triangular projections; ostium bursae opening into wide, cuplike antrum; colliculum small, ringlike; ductus bursae with large sclerotized plate on anterior half, narrowly encircling ductus near middle, incompletely sclerotized on ventral side, with two, anterior extensions into corpus bursae, apices acute; ductus seminalis arising from anterior 1/4 of ductus bursae; corpus bursae with two signa, blade like, apices acute.
Specimens examined. (5♂, 1♀) Thailand.: Kanchanaburi Prov.: Thong Pha Phum N.P., 14 41′ 39″N 98 24′ 10″E, ca 700735 m, 13 Jan 2002, N. Pinkaew, np 719 (♀, genitalia slide NP 173), np 718 (♂, genitalia slide NP 172), Chiangmai Prov.: Doi Suthep-Pui N.P., 18 45′ 33″ N 98 53′ 28″E, ca 1,412 m, 27 Jul 2014, N. Patibhakyothin et al., np 6554 (♂, genitalia slide NP 2310), 18 48′ 54″N 98 55′ 38″E, ca 697 m, 31 Jan 2014, N. Patibhakyothin et al., np 6258(♂, genitalia slide NP 2199), 18 45′ 33″N 98 53′ 28″E, 6 Sep 2013, N. Pinkaew, np 6023 (♂, genitalia slide NP 2111), 18 48′ 41″N 98 53′ 03″E, ca 1,268 m, 26 Jul 2014, N. Patibhakyothin et al., np 6473 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3744), all specimens collected by N. Pinkaew and N. Patibhakyothin et al.. Deposited in KKIC.
Distribution. Thailand, Indonesia.
Remarks. Specimens were collected at elevation 7001,412 m.
56
Fibuloides tratensis Jaikla and Pinkaew, 2013 (Figs. 16.15, 17.23, 17.24, 19.14, 20.10)
Diagnosis. The shape and position of the labial palpi in the male are most similar to those of F. phycitipalpia Horak, they arise vertically and are appressed to the frons. However, the labial palpi of F. tratensis are much shorter and broader and the inner surface of the second segment is only sparsely covered with scales; in contrast, the labial palpi of F. phycitipalpia are longer and more slender. The long, slender, modified scales on distal end of the second segment of the labial palpi and lower frons in the male of F. tratensis are unique within Olethreutinae and easily distinguished this species from all congeners. The phallus of F. tratensis is most similar to those of F. neaera (Meyrick) and F. geniculata Pinkaew and Zhang. However, F. tratensis differs from F. neaera and F. geniculata in forewing pattern and in the presence of three large flattened spiniform setae from the outer surface of the valva; in the latter species there are many more large flattened spiniform setae.
Description. Head (fig. 16.15): Vertex light brown to brown mixed with dark brown laterally; upper frons light brown mixed with dark brown, lower frons male with vertical ridge medially, covered with short, appressed scales mixed with dense, long, slender yellowish white scales, pointing outward; labial palpus in male appressed to the frons and rising upwardly, with first segment dark brown, second segment light brown with three, dark brown, transverse bands, with inner surface bearing shallow excavation at 2/3 length and covered with dense, appressed, light brown scales, tip with group of moderately dense, long, narrow, light brown scales, apical segment narrow, orange white; female with labial palpus long and porrect, first segment dark brown, second segment triangular, distally greatly widened, light brown with three, dark brown, transverse bands, apical segment short, dark brown; male antenna with notch at the first segment of flagellum. Thorax (fig. 17.23, 17.24): pronotal collar brown mixed with dark brown; mesothorax with tegula light brown mixed with brown; mesonotum light brown to brown with irregular, transverse band medially, with orange white scales on posterior 1/4. Forewing length 3.84.2 mm in male (n=4), 4.34.5 mm in female (n=2); male costal fold absent; termen slightly 57
concave below apex, between R5 and M1; ground color light brown; costal strigula 1 indistinct, strigulae 24 and 79 paired, strigulae 5 and 6 single, pale orange white, paired strigulae separated by dark brown spots, termen with strigula 10 forming pale
yellow spot between R5 and M1; basal fascia indistinct, brown mixed with dark brown; subbasal fascia present as small subtriangular spot on costa and extending as irregular transverse narrow band to inner margin, brown mixed with dark brown; median fascia fused with postmedian fascia, forming distinct subtriangular patch on costa, dark brown, extending from costa to midwing; preterminal fascia present as
short and oblique band, brown, extending outward from costa to R5 near outer margin, wing apex brown mixed with dark brown, strigulae 5, 6 and 7 with oblique silvery
striae, confluent at R3 and extending from R3 to dorsum near tornus, strigula 8 with
oblique silvery stria extending to R4, strigula 9 with short, transverse silvery stria
extending to R5, a narrow, oblique brown band between strigulae 7 and 8 extending to
R5; ocellar region with irregular, transverse narrow line, dark brown, extending from
R5 to tornus and silvery stria beyond extending from M1 to between CuA1 and CuA2,
outer margin with narrow line, brown, extending from between R5 and M1 to CuA1; underside grayish brown, strigulae on costa and termen yellowish gray. Hindwing brown dorsally, grayish brown ventrally, except basal 2/3 of both sides covered with dark brown, narrow scales.
Male genitalia (fig. 19.14): uncus distally bipartite, dilated medially, apices round, bent, spatulate; socii sudtriangular, moderately large, sparsely setose; tegumen widest in middle, dorsally with pronounced shoulders; ghathos arising from mid- length of tegumen, moderately sclerotized, with two parallel, dorsally rising bands; juxta triangular; anellus closely surrounding base of phallus, cuplike, dorsally with plate extending to mid-length of phallus; phallus long, bent upward at right angle in middle, with seven, non-deciduous cornuti; valva long and slender with moderately large basal excavation, small subtriangular lobe on ventral margin near middle of valva, with a cluster of spiniform setae and three flattened, widened spiniform setae arising from outer surface, neck very slender, inner surface with patch of dense setae at base of cucullus; cucullus small, transversely extended, peanut-shaped, dorsal 58
portion small and narrow, apex rounded, moderately setose, ventral portion widened, tip round, with dense spiniform setae.
Female genitalia (figs. 20.10): papillae anales with dense setae; apophyses short and stout, anteriores slightly longer than posteriors; tergum VIII with dense microtrichia on anterior half, lateral triangular extensions sparsely setose, anterior 1/3 with dense microtrichia, scales absent; stermun VII with large sclerotized plate, with deep, U-shape medial emargination in posterior margin; densely scaled except on posterior 1/4, medially with curved patch of dense, small sclerotized ridges and microtrichia; ostium bursae opening into wide shallow cup fused with emargination of S7; lamella postvaginalis forming a transverse band with a well-sclerotized posterior margin in middle, spinulose, more densely scaled lateroposteriorly, anteromedially without scales and microtrichia, with patch of dense microtrichia extending on membrane laterally beyond lamella postvaginalis; ductus bursae rather short, widened towards corpus bursae; colliculum moderately large, sclerotized, not encircling ductus bursae near middle and the two pointed prongs extending into bursae; ductus seminalis arising from anterior 1/3 of ductus bursae; corpus bursae spinulose, except around the two slender blade-like signa.
Specimens examined. (4♂, 2♀) Thailand.: Nakhon Ratchasima Prov.: Khao Yai N.P., 14 25′ 55″N 101 24′ 05″E, ca 700 m, 18-20 Aug 2017, N. Pinkaew, np 10613 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3899), np 10611 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3323), Trat Prov.: Trat Argoforestry Research Station, 12 23′ 34″N 102 40′ 00″E, ca 46 m, 18- 19 Mar 2010, N. Pinkaew, np 3704 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3900), np 3747 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3901), np 3726 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3902), Nakhon Si Thammarat Prov.: Khao Nan N.P., 08 54′ 59″N 99 43′ 57″E, ca 187 m, 9 Mar 2008, N. Pinkaew, np 2484 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3903), all specimens collected by N. Pinkaew. Deposited in KKIC.
Distribution. Thailand.
Remarks. Specimens were collected at elevation 46700 m. 59
Fibuloides vaneeae (Pinkaew, 2005) (Figs. 16.16, 17.25, 17.26, 19.15, 20.11)
Eucoenogenes vaneeae Pinkaew, 2005. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 107(4): 869-882. Type locality: Thailand. Holotype ♂: deposited in USNM.
Diagnosis. This species is most similar to F. levatana in forewing pattern but differs from F. levatana in the forewing of F. levatana costal fold present but is absent in F. vaneeae. The sternum VIII in the male of this species has long hair pencils arising from anterolateral pockets; uncus is narrowed medially; sacculus bears spiniform setae with dorsal scales having bifid apices and basal scales having trifid apices, and the valva is rotated at the neck to produce a ventrally facing cucullus of F. vaneeae contrast with uncus short and with lobe medially of uncus; cucullus narrow and with dense moderately long setae in F. levatana.
Description. Head (fig. 16.16): upper frons brownish orange mixed with brown to dark brown laterally, lower frons yellowish white, dark brown laterally; labial palpus with first segment orange white to pale orange, with dark brown spot apically, second segment orange with white small, dark brown spot basally, confluent with spot on first segment, dorsomedial area with small, dark brown spot, narrowly separated from large, dark brown apical spot, apical segment orange white ventrally, dark brown dorsally; vertex dark brown anteriorly, orange white posteriorly, eye posteriorly bordered by row of dark brown and light brown scales. Thorax (figs. 17.25, 17.26): pronotal collar brown to dark brown mixed with light brown; tegula dark brown mixed with light brown on basal half, light brown mixed with brown on apical half; mesonotum dark brown, with transverse light brown band. Forewing
length 5.75.8 mm in male (n=3), 6.36.4 in female (n=5); male costal fold absent; R4
and R5 stalked 1/6 length of R5, termen concave between R5 and M3; ground color yellowish white mixed with pale orange and brownish gray; costal strigulae orange white to orange gray basally, yellowish white apically, strigulae 19 paired and separated by dark brown, except some specimens with strigula 6 single, termen with 60
yellowish-white strigula between R5 and M1; basal fascia indistinct, with dark brown spot divided by orange-white scales between costa and R and inner margin; subbasal fascia with dark brown proximal and distal margins enclosing brownish orange mixed with orange gray, distinct on costa between strigulae 2 and 3 and extending to near middle of discal cell, dislocated apically between middle of discal cell and inner margin; median fascia dark brown mixed with orange, extending obliquely from costa
between strigulae 4 and 5 to R5, widened at R5 and extending transversely to 1A+2A,
with narrow, apically directed spur on R5, broken by ground color at M stem in discal cell; pretornal spot subtriangular, dark brown mixed with orange surrounded by dark brown on proximal and distal margins, postmedian fascia extending obliquely from
costa between strigulae 6 and 7 to R5 near outer margin, dark brown on costa, orange
with some brown on distal margin from strigulae to R5, strigulae 5 and 6 with silvery
striae becoming confluent and bordering postmedian fascia to R5, strigulae 8 and 9 with striae reduced to small silvery spots, outer margin with silvery stria extending
from M2 to CuA2, broken near CuA1 by ground color; ocellar region with dark brown
patch between R5 to CuA1, outer margin with dark brown line from apex to CuA1,
broken by strigula between R5 to M1; underside light brown with yellowish -gray
strigulae on costa between R5 and M1 on outer margin. Hindwing dorsally brown, ventrally light brown. Abdomen: Male sternum VIII with two, brown hair pencils arising from pockets on anterolateral corners.
Male genitalia (fig. 19.15): uncus short, narrowed medially, with bifid apex; socii pendant from base of uncus to near half of tegumen, sclerotized basally, membranous apically; tegumen arms narrow ventrally, widened at midlength, with dense long setae along outer margin of ventral two-thirds; anellus closely surrounding basal one-fourth of aedeagus, extending dorsally to one-third length; aedeagus moderately long, not greatly tapered apically, with dense bundle of 15-20 cornuti, juxta triangular, truncated ventrally; valva with group of sparse setae along ventrobasal margin of sacullus and group of dense setae medially between basal opening and neck, ventroapical margin of sacullus with short and spiniform setae, ventrolateral surface of valva with large group of long, spiniform, flattened setae with multidentate apices basally and rounded, spiniform setae with bidentate apices toward 61
neck, setiform setae bordered basally by microtrichia, neck narrow, asetose, rotated near middle with cucullus facing ventrally, cucullus narrow, with dense, short setae basally, acute and sparsely setose apically.
Female genitalia (fig. 20.11): papillae anales densely setose, lateral setae with papillose bases; sternum VI densely microtrichiate on posterior 2/3; sternum VII densely scaled and microtrichiate, sparsely setose; tergum VIII moderately scaled on triangular lateral exteensions; lamella postvaginalis short, sparsely setose and densely microtrichiate; antrum forming long, lightly sclerotized cup; colliculum small, not encircling ductus bursae; ductus bursae with long sclerotized band encircling 2/3 of ductus circumference, completely encircled by narrow band near middle and posterior to inception of ductus seminalis, apically rounded without projections into corpus bursae; corpus bursae with two, bladelike signa, smaller signum on posterior margin of corpus bursae near connection with ductus bursae.
Specimens examined. (3♂, 5♀) Thailand.: Kanchanaburi Prov.: Thong Pha Phum N.P., 14 41′ 43″N 98 27′ 34″E, ca 735 m, 15 May 2002, N. Pinkaew, np 92 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3747), 14 41′ 31″N 98 24′ 27″E, ca 720m, 13 May 2002, N, Pinkaew, np 98 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3748), np 99 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3749), np 100 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3750), np 101 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3751), np 103 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3752), np 104 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3753) 14 41′ 45″N 98 24′ 25″E, ca 730 m, 1 Nov 2005, N. Pinkaew, np 1376 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3754), all specimens collected by N. Pinkaew. Deposited in KKIC.
Distribution. Thailand, China.
Remarks. Specimens were collected at elevation 720735 m.
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Fibuloides sp.A (Figs. 16.17, 17.27, 20.12)
Diagnosis. This species is most similar F. euphlebia in forewing pattern, but differs in female genitalia. Sternum VII is moderately sclerotized plate, U-shaped; sclerotized plate encircling ductus bursae of F. sp.A contrast with sternum VII moderately sclerotized plate, crown-shaped; sclerotized plate small and not encircling ductus bursae in F. euphlebia.
Description. Head (fig. 16.17): upper frons brown mixed with dark brown, lower frons light brown mixed with brown; labial palpus with first segment light brown mixed with dark brown apically, second segment brown mixed with light brown bands on dorsally, brown mixed with light brown long scales on ventrolaterally, apical segment brown to dark brown on basally, light brown on apically. Thorax (fig. 17.27): pronotal collar brown mixed with dark brown; tegula dark brown mixed with brown; mesonotum brown mixed with transverse dark brown band on middle. Forewing length 5.45.5 mm in female (n=19); termen slight concave below apex; ground color brown to dark brown; costal strigulae 19 paired, strigula 1 indistinct, strigulae 36 paired, strigulae 2, 79 single, strigulae separated by dark brown spots; basal fascia patch dark brown mixed with yellowish light
brown; median fascia present as subtriangular on costa to M3, dark brown mixed with
brown scales; postmedian fascia as small subtriangular on dorsum to CuA1, dark brown mixed with yellowish brown; preterminal fascia dark brown mixed with grayish on inner margin of termen; ocellar region with transverse narrow line, dark
brown, between R5 to CuA1; underside light brown. Hindwing brown dorsally, light brown ventrally.
Female genitalia (fig. 20.12): papillae anales densely setose; apophyses posteriores slightly shorter than apophyses anteriores; tergum VIII with subtriangular moderately scaled; sternum VII moderately scaled except posteromedially area, posteromedially with patch of densely microtrichiate; antrum moderately sclerotized plate, U-shaped, densely microtrichiate on 3/4 anterior half; ostium bursae located on 63
anteromedially, anterior margin concave; colliculum indistinct; ductus bursae moderately long, widened towards corpus bursae, with moderately sclerotized plate, encircling ductus bursae, with large sclerotized plate, bi-pronged, two pointed prongs extending into bursae; ductus seminalis arising from middle of ductus bursae; corpus bursae ovate, narrower at anterior 1/4, spinulose except anterior end and area around signa, with two signa, blade-shaped, widest beyond middle and tapering to sharp point.
Specimen examined. (19♀) Thailand.: Chiangmai Prov.: Doi Suthep-Pui N.P., 18 45′ 33″N 98 53′ 28″E, ca 1,412 m, 6 Sep 2013, N. Pinkaew, np 6026 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3830), 18 48′ 41″N 98 53′ 03″E, ca 1,264 m, 5 Sep 2013, N. Pinkaew, np 5997 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3831), np 5987 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3836), np 5957 (♀, genitalia slide NP 2080), 30 Jan 2014, np 6229 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3837), np 6228 (♀, genitalia slide NP 2184), np 5958 (♀, genitalia slide NP 2081), np 5988 (♀, genitalia slide NP 2095), 18 48′ 54″N 98 55′ 45″E, ca 697 m, 1 Apr 2014, N. Pinkaew, np 6388 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3839), np 6397 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3840), Sa Kaeo Prov.: Pang Sida N.P., 14 02′ 25″N 102 15′ 56″E, ca 310 m, 26 Apr 2017, N. Pinkaew et al., np 10047 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3832), np 10033 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3833), 14 07′ 37″N 102 15′ 30″E, ca 610 m, 22 Aug 2017, N. Pinkaew et al., np 10729 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3834), Trat Prov.: Trat Argoforestry Research Station, 12 23′ 34″N 102 40′ 00″E, ca 46 m, 1819 Mar 2010, N. Pinkaew, np 3736 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3835), Chaiyaphum Prov.: Churabhorn Dam., 16 32′ 10″N 101 39′ 00″E, ca 750 m, 79 Mar 2017, N. Pinkaew et al., np 9665 (♀, genitalia slide NP3838), Narathiwat Prov.: Hala-Bala W.S., 05 47′ 49″N 101 50′ 03″E, ca 60 m, 2329 Jan 2012, N. Pinkaew et al., np 6629 (♀, genitalia slide NP 2876), np 6622 (♀, genitalia slide NP 2870), Nakhon Ratchasima Prov.: Khao Yai N.P., 14 25′ 55″N 101 24′ 05″E, ca 700 m, 2426 Jul 2017, N. Pinkaew et al., np 10595 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3322), Sakaerat SBR., 14 30′ 27″N 101 55′ 45″E, ca 400 m, 28 Feb 2014, N. Pinkaew et al., np 6867 (♀, genitalia slide NP 2342), all specimens collected by N. Pinkaew et al.. Deposited in KKIC.
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Distribution. Unknow
Remark. Specimens were collected at elevation 461,412 m.
Fibuloides sp.B (Figs. 16.18, 17.28, 20.13)
Diagnosis. This species is most similar F. aestuosa in forewing pattern, but differs in female genitalia. Signa are blade-shaped, signum left larger than signum right; antrrum is not present ridge on sternum VII in F. sp.B contrast with signa are blade-shape, signum left as same as signum right; antrum is present ridge on sternum VII in F. aestuosa.
Description. Head (fig. 16.18): upper frons light brown mixed with dark brown spots on middle; lower frons yellowish brown; labial palpus with first segment yellowish brown basally, dark brown apically; second segment yellowish brown mixed with dark brown; apical segment dark brown basally, yellowish white apically. Thorax (fig. 17.28): pronotal collar dark brown mixed with pale orange; tegula dark brown on basally, light brown mixed with pale orange on apical half; mesonotum brown to dark brown mixed with pale orange. Forewing length 4.95.0 mm in female (n=3); ground color light brown to brown; costal strigulae grayish white, strigulae 14 indistinct, strigulae 59 single, strigulae separated by dark brown; termen concave below apex; basal fascia patch brown mixed with pale orange; median fascia brown mixed with dark brown spot mixed with orange surrounding by dark brown on midwing; postmedian fused with preterminal fascia present as small subtriangular,
dark brown mixed with pale orange surrounding by dark brown on dorsum to CuA1;
ocellar region with narrow dark brown line between M2 to CuA1. Underside light brown. Hindwing brown on dorsally, light brown ventrally.
Female genitalia (fig. 20.13): papillae anales densely setose; apophyses posterirores as long as apophyses anteriores; sternum VII with entrance to ostium in deep, U-shaped emargination of posterior margin, densely scaled, with microtrichia 65
and sparse setae on sternum VII and emargination, with slightly curved transverse ridges anterior to ostium; antrum with spinulose patch; ostium bursae located near anterior margin of sternum VII; colliculum small and indistinct; ductus bursae short, with longitudinal ridged sclerotized plate, anteriorly bifurcate with the blunt apex extending into corpus bursae; ductus seminalis arising from posterior of ductus bursae; corpus bursae spinulose except around signa; two signa blade-shaped, gradually tapering to sharp point.
Specimen examined. (3♀) Thailand.: Chaiyaphum Prov.: Chulabhorn Dam., 16 32′ 10″N 101 39′ 00″E, ca 750 m, 79 Mar 2017, N. Pinkaaew et al., np 9660 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3885), Sa Kaeo Prov.: Pang Sida N.P., 14 07′ 37″N 102 15′ 30″E, ca 610 m, 17 Oct 2017, N. Pinkaew et al., np 11000 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3883), np 10999 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3884), all specimens collected by N. Pinkaew et al.. Deposited in KKIC.
Distribution. Unknow
Remark. Specimens were collected at elevation 610750 m.
Fibuloides sp.C (Figs. 16.19, 17.29, 20.14)
Diagnosis This species is most similar F. geniculata in forewing pattern, but differs in female genitalia. Antrum slightly concaved medially on sternum VII of F. sp.C contrast with antrum with deep excavation, U-shaped and located on posterior margin of sternum VII in F. geniculata.
Description Head (fig. 16.19): upper frons light brown, lower frons light brown to brown; labial palpus with first segment dark brown mixed with light brown; second segment dark brown mixed with yellowish white spots; apical segment brown to dark brown. Thorax (fig. 17.29): pronotal collar dark brown mixed with light brown; tegula light brown mixed with dark brown laterally; mesonotum light brown 66
mixed with grayish brown. Forewing length 5.1 mm in female (n=1); termen slightly concave below apex; costal strigulae grayish white, strigulae 13 indistinct, strigulae 56 paired, strigulae 69 single, separated by dark brown; fascia present as brown spots on costa; ground color pale yellowish intermixed with light brown, with large
patch costa to M3, yellowish brown mixed with dark brown, darker on apical half, wing apex dark brown; underside light brown. Hindwing brown on basally, light brown on ventrally.
Female genitalia (fig. 20.14): papillae anales densely setae; apophyses posteriores as long as apophyses anteriores; sternum VII densely scaled, posteromedially with patch of densely microtrichiate, posterior margin of sternum VII slightly concaved medially; antrum moderately large, U-shaped, lateral margins slightly widened posteriorly; ostium bursae located on posterior margin of sternum VII; colliculim small and indistinct; ductus bursae short with large sclerotized plate slightly extending into corpus bursae, sclerotized plate not encircling ductus bursae; ductus seminalis arising from middle of ductus bursae; corpus bursae rounded, spinulose except around signa, two blade-shaped signa.
Specimen examined. (1♀) Thailand.: Sa Kaeo Prov.: Pang Sida N.P., 14 00′ 54″N 102 11′ 45″E, ca 260 m, 18 Dec 2017, N. Pinkaew et al., np 11332 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3873), specimen collected by N. Pinkaew et al.. Deposited in KKIC.
Distribution. Unknow
Remark. Specimen was collected at elevation 260 m.
Fibuloides sp.D (Figs. 16.20, 17.30, 20.15)
Diagnosis. This species is most similar F. vaneeae in forewing pattern, but differs in female genitalia. Lamella postvaginalis moderately large sclerotized plate, 67
rounded, without scale sockets; ostium bursae opening located on posterior margin of sternum VII of F. sp.D contrast with lamella postvaginalis short, sparsely setose and densely microtrichiate; ostium bursae located on anterior margin of sternum VII in F. vaneeae.
Description. Head (fig. 16.20): upper frons brown mixed with dark brown, lower frons light brown to brown; labial palpus with first segment dark brown; second segment yellowish brown mixed with dark brown scales on laterally; apical segment dark brown basally, light brown apically. Thorax (fig. 17.30): pronotal collar dark brown mixed with light brown; tegula brown mixed with yellowish brown; mesonotum dark brown mixed with brownish white. Forewing length 7.1 mm in female (n=1); termen concave below apex; ground color brown to dark brown; costal strigulae 12 indistinct, strigulae 34 paired, strigulae 59 single, yellowish white and separated by dark brown; basal fascia patch light brown mixed with dark brown; median fascia present as dorsum patch, brownish white; postmedian fascia brown mixed with light brown; preterminal fascia dark brown mixed with brown; ocellar
region with narrow dark brown line between R5 to M3. Underside light brown. Hindwing brown on dorsally, light brown on ventrally.
Female genitalia (fig. 20.15): papillae anales densely setose; apophyses posterior as long as apophyses anterior; sternum VII densely scales except sclerotized plate around ostium; ostium bursae opening, located on anterior margin of sternum VII; colliculum small; ductus bursae moderately long with large sclerotized plate slightly extending into corpus bursae; ductus seminalis arising from middle of ductus bursae; corpus bursae ovate, narrower at anterior 1/4, spinulose except anterior end and area around signa; two blade-shaped signa.
Specimen examined. (1♀) Thailand.: Kanchanaburi Prov.: Thong Pha Phum N.P., 14 41′ 16″N 98 23′ 57″E, ca 735 m, 22 Dec 2011, N. Pinkaew and R. Brown, np 268 (♀, genitalia slide NP 17), specimen collected by N. Pinkaew and R. Brown. Deposited in KKIC.
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Distribution. Unknow
Remark. Specimen was collected at elevation 735 m.
Fibuloides sp.E (Figs. 16.21, 17.31, 20.16)
Diagnosis. This species is similar F. vaneeae and F. sp.D, but differs in female genitalia. Ostium is located on posterior margin of sternum VII of F. sp.E but ostium of F. vaneeae is located on anterior margin of sternum VII. Corpus bursae of F. sp.D ovate but corpus bursae of F. sp.E rounded.
Description. Head (fig. 16.21): upper frons brown mixed with dark brown; lower frons yellowish brown mixed with dark brown; labial palpus with first segment dark brown; second segment light brown basally, dark brown mixed with yellowish brown on dorsoapical half of second segment; apical segment dark brown basally, light brown apically. Thorax (fig. 17.31): pronotal collar dark brown; tegula brown mixed with dark brown; mesonotum dark brown mixed with yellowish brown. Forewing length 4.7 mm in female (n=1); termen slightly concave below apex; ground color dark brown; costal strigulae 19 paired, strigulae 12 indistinct, strigulae 36 paired, strigulae 79 single, yellowish brown separated by dark brown spots; basal fascia between costs to strigula 1, dark brown mixed with yellowish brown; subbasal fascia between strigulae 23, present as small subtriangular brown mixed with dark brown surrounding on costa (dorsal half), dark brown mixed with brown scales on ventral half; median fascia between strigulae 45, as present dorsum patch on ventral half, yellowish white mixed with light brown; postmedian fascia fused preterminal fascia dark brown mixed with brown; ocellar region with irregular
narrow line, dark brown, extending from R5 to M3; underside light brown. Hindwing brown on dorsally, light brown ventrally.
Female genitalia (fig. 20.16): papillae anales with densely setose; apophyses posterior as long as apophyses anterior; sternum VII with moderately scale sockets 69
except middle of sclerotized plate around ostium; ostium bursae opening located on anterior margin of sternum VII; colliculum small and indistinct; ductus bursae short, with longitudinal ridged sclerotized plate, anteriorly bifurcate with the blunt apex extending into corpus bursae; ductus seminalis arising from middle of ductus bursae; corpus bursae spinulose except around two signa, blade-like signa with acute tips.
Specimen examined. (1♀) Thailand.: Nakhon Si Thammarat Prov.: Khao Nan N.P., 08 46′ 14″N 99 48′ 10″E, ca 375 m, 23 Jun 2006, N. Pinkaew, np 1632 (♀, genitalia slide NP 809), specimen collected by N. Pinkaew. Deposited in KKIC.
Distribution. Unknow
Remark. Specimen was collected at elevation 375 m.
Fibuloides sp.F (Figs. 16.22, 17.32, 20.17)
Diagnosis This species can be easily distinguished from other species by a forewing with brownish white scales patch on basal and basal fascia; ocellar region with distinct transverse narrow dark brown line. Sterigma moderately sclerotized plate, densely microtrichia on sternum VII; ostium is located on middle of sternum VII.
Description Head (fig. 16.22): upper frons light brown mixed with dark brown, lower frons yellowish brown; labial palpus with first segment dark brown mixed with grayish white laterally; second segment dark brown basally, yellowish brown mixed with dark brown ventrolaterally and dorsolaterally; apical segment yellowish brown basally, light brown apically. Thorax (fig. 17.32): pronotal collar dark brown; tegula brown mixed with light brown; mesonotum brown mixed with dark brown scales. Forewing length 5.25.3 mm in female (n=2); termen slightly concave below apex; ground color brown to dark brown; costal strigulae 19 paired, strigulae 12 indistinct, strigulae 36 paired, strigulae 79 single, yellowish brown 70
separated by dark brown spots; basal fascia patch light brown mixed with dark brown, between basal to strigula 4; median fascia dark brown mixed with brown; postmedian fascia fused with preterminal fascia dark brown mixed with brown scales, present as small sub triangular, dark brown surrounding grayish white scales; ocellar region with
narrow line dark brown between R5 to M3; underside light brown. Hindwing brown dorsally, light brown ventrally.
Female genitalia (fig. 20.17): papillae anales densely setose; apophyses posterior as long as apophyses anterior; tergum VIII as small subtriangular without scale sockets or microtrichiate; sternum VII moderately dense microtrichia except around anterior of ostium; antrum moderately sclerotized plate, densely microtrichia on sternum VII; ostium bursae opening located on anterior half of sternum VII; ductus bursae moderately long with longitudinal ridged sclerotized plate, anteriorly bifurcate with the blunt apex extending into corpus bursae; ductus seminalis arising from middle of ductus bursae; corpus bursae densely spinulose except anterior end of corpus bursae, two signa, blade-like signa with acute tips.
Specimen examined. (2♀) Thailand.: Nakhon Nayok Prov.: Khao Yai N.P., 14 26′ 18″N 101 22′ 24″E, ca 740m, 9 Mar 2016, N. Pinkaew et al., np 8282 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3896), 14 23′ 56″N 101 22′ 16″E, ca786 m, 6 Apr 2010, N. Pinkaew, np 3784 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3897), all specimens collected by N.Pinkaew et al.. Deposited in KKIC.
Distribution. Unknow
Remark. Specimens were collected at elevation 740786 m.
Fibuloides sp.G (Figs. 16.23, 17.33, 19.16)
Diagnosis. This species can be easily distinguished from all other species by forewing pattern with brownish red color distinct from other species. Valva 71
moderately large basal, moderately slender neck; sacculus sparsely setose basally, with enlarged flattened bristles on sacculus angle; neck with dense hair; cucullus narrow, ovate, rounded, moderately setose.
Description. Head (fig. 16.23): upper frons brownish red; lower frons yellowish mixed with brownish red; labial palpus with first segment dark brown mixed with brownish red; second segment brown mixed with dark brown spot on dorsomedially, brownish red mixed with dark brown on vertrolaterally, brownish red apically; apical segment brownish red basally, light brown apically. Thorax (fig. 17.33): pronotal collar dark brown; tegula brownish red mixed with white spot on middle of tegula; mesonotum brownish red mixed with dark brown. Forewing length 4.2 in male (n=1); male costal fold absent; termen concave below apex; ground color brownish red; costal strigulae 19 paired, strigulae 13 indistinct, strigulae 45 paired, strigulae 69 single, brownish white separated by dark brown spots; basal fascia patch brownish red mixed with dark brown; median fascia obliquely transverse
dark brown band, between costa to M2; postmedian fascia fused preterminal fascia brownish red mixed with dark brown, as present dorsum patch; ocellar region with
transverse narrow line dark brown, between R5 to M3; underside brown to dark brown. Hindwing brown dorsally, light brown ventrally.
Male genitalia (fig. 19.16): uncus slender, bifid and flaring at apex with tips, curved outwardly. Socii small, short, pendant apically rounded, moderately setose; tegumen with narrow basally, parallel-sided in basal half, without setose; anellus closely surrounding base of phallus; phallus moderately long, tapering towards apex, sharply upwardly bent by 90 at 2/5 from base, with several deciduous cornute; juxta small subtriangular; valva moderately large basal, moderately slender neck; sacculus sparsely setose basally, with enlarged flattened bristles on sacculus angle; neck with dense hair; cucullus narrow, ovate, rounded, moderately setose.
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Specimen examined. (1♂) Thailand.: Petchaburi Prov.: Kaeng Kra Chan N.P., 12 49′ 59″N 99 21′ 95″E, ca 931 m, 26 Mar 2007, N. Pinkaew, np 2164 (♂, genitalia slide NP 3898), specimen collected by N. Pinkaew. Deposited in KKIC.
Distribution. Unknow
Remark. Specimens was collected at elevation 931 m.
Fibuloides sp.H (Figs. 16.24, 17.34, 20.18)
Diagnosis. This species is most similar F. macrosaris in forewing pattern, but termen slightly concave of this species. The female genitalia differs from another species. Ostium bursae opening located on posterior of sternum VII, with deep excavation, U-shape medial emargination in posterior margin; colliculum moderately large sclerotized plate, encircling on ductus bursae; ductus bursae rather short, widened towards corpus bursae.
Description. Head (fig. 16.24): upper frons light brown mixed with dark brown; lower frons yellowish brown; labial palpus with first segment grayish white; second segment brown mixed with grayish white on basolaterally, bark brown mixed with yellowish brown on dorsomedially; apical segment brown basal half, grayish white apical half. Thorax (fig. 17.34): pronotal collar dark brown; tegula light brown mixed with transverse bark brown band on apically; mesonotum brown mixed with transverse dark brown band on apically. Forewing length 5.15.2 mm in female (n=2); termen slightly concave below apex; ground color light brown to brow; costal strigulae 19 paired, strigulae 15 indistinct, strigulae 69 single, grayish white separated by dark brown; basal fascia patch light brown mixed with dark brown;
median fascia obliquely dark brown scales on costa to M2; postmedian fascia fused preterminal fascia brown mixed with dark brown, transverse grayish white line on
tornus to M1; ocellar region irregular narrow dark brown line between R5 to M3; underside grayish white. Hindwing brown dorsally, light brown ventrally. 73
Female genitalia (fig. 20.18): papillae anales densely setose; apophyses posterior as long as apophyses anterior; tergum VIII without scale socket; sternum VII moderately scale sockets except middle of sternum VII; ostium bursae opening located on posterior of sternum VII, with deep excavation, U-shape medial emargination in posterior margin; ductus bursae rather short, with moderately large sclerotized plate, encircling on ductus bursae, widened towards corpus bursae; ductus seminalis arising from middle of ductus bursae; corpus bursae spinulose except around the two blade-like signa.
Specimen examined. (2♀) Thailand.: Nakhon Nayok Prov.: Khao Yai N.P., 14 21′ 49″N 101 24′ 37″E, ca 1,140 m, 20 Jan 2010, N. Pinkaew et al., np 3295 (♀, genitalia slide NP 1295), 11 Feb 2010, N. Pinkaew, np 3471 (♀, genitalia slide NP 1363), all specimen collected by N. Pinkaew et al.. Deposited in KKIC.
Distribution. Unknow
Remark. Specimens were collected at elevation 1,140m.
Fibuloides sp.I (Figs. 16.25. 17.35, 20.19)
Diagnosis This species is most similar F. macrosaris and F. sp.H in forewing pattern, but termen concave more than F. macrosaris. This species differs from F. sp.H by sternum VII with entrance to ostium in deep, U-shaped emargination of posterior margin, densely scaled, with microtrichia and sparse setae on sternum VII and emargination, with slightly curved transverse ridges anterior to ostium; lamella postvaginalis with spinulose patch; ostium bursae located near anterior margin of sternum VII; colliculum small, not encircling ductus bursae.
Description Head (fig. 16.25): upper frons brown mixed with dark brown; lower frons yellowish brown; labial palpus with first segment light brown long scales 74
mixed with dark brown on apically; second segment brown mixed with dark brown on ventral half, brown mixed with light brown on dorsal half, brown mixed with dark brown on apically; apical segment brown to light brown on apically. Thorax (fig. 17.35): pronotal collar dark brown; tegula dark brown mixed with pale orange; mesonotum dark brown mixed with light brown to brown. Forewing length 4.9 mm in female (n=1); termen concave below apex; ground color light brown mixed with dark brown; costal strigulae 19 paired, strigulae 1 indistinct, strigulae 2, 79 single, strigulae 36 paired, brownish white separated by dark brown; basal fascia patch brown mixed with dark brown, median fascia present as irregular triangular, dark brown mixed with brown spots; postmedian fascia fused preterminal fascia present as small subtriangular, brown mixed with dark brown surrounding grayish white scales;
ocellar region irregular narrow line dark brown between M1 to M3; underside light brown. Hindwing dark brown on dorsally, light brown on ventrally.
Female genitalia (fig. 20.19): papillae anales densely setose; apophyses posterior as long as apophyses anterior; sternum VII with entrance to ostium in deep, U-shaped emargination of posterior margin, densely scaled, with microtrichia and sparse setae on sternum VII and emargination, with slightly curved transverse ridges anterior to ostium; lamella postvaginalis with spinulose patch; ostium bursae located near anterior margin of sternum VII; colliculum small and indistinct; ductus bursae rather short, with longitudinal ridged sclerotized plate, anteriorly bifurcate with the blunt apex extending into corpus bursae; ductus seminalis arising from middle of ductus bursae; corpus bursae spinulose except anteriorly and around the two slender blade-like signa.
Specimen examined. (1♀) Thailand.: Sa Kaeo Prov.: Pang Sida N.P., 14 07′ 37″N 102 15′ 30″E, ca 610 m, 17 Oct 2017, N. Pinkaew et al., np 11001 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3746), specimen collected by N. Pinkaew et al.. Deposited in KKIC.
Distribution. Unknow
Remark. Specimen was collected at elevation 610 m. 75
Fibuloides sp.J (Figs. 16.26, 17.36, 20.20)
Diagnosis This species is most similar F. macrosaris in forewing pattern, but differs in female genitalia. The female genitalia differ from another species. Two signa are different by right signum slender and acute tip but left signum unmodified; colliculum encircling ductus bursae.
Description Head (fig. 16.26): upper frons brown mixed with dark brown; lower frons yellowish brown; labial palpus with first segment dark brown mixed with yellowish brown; second segment dark brown mixed with yellowish brown on dorsal half and ventrolaterally; apical segment brown basally, light brown apically. Thorax (fig. 17.36): pronotal collar dark brown; tegula dark brown mixed with light brown; mesonotum dark brown basally, light brown mixed with yellowish brown ventrally. Forewing length 5.65.7 mm in female (n=10); termen slightly concave below apex; ground color light brow to brown; costal strigulae 19 paired, strigulae 12 indistinct, strigulae 36 paired, strigulae 79 single, grayish white separate by dark brown; basal fascia patch light brown mixed with dark brown, with obliquely grayish white transverse band; median fascia as present subtriangular dark brown mixed with brown; postmedian fascia fused with preterminal fascia dark brown mixed with
brown, with transverse grayish white between M2 to dorsum; ocellar region with
transverse narrow dark brown line between R5 to M3; underside light brown. Hindwing dark brown on dorsally, light brown on ventrally.
Female genitalia (fig. 20.20): papillae anales densely setose; apophyses posterior as long as apophyses anterior; tergum VIII sparsely setose with subtriangular; sternum VII moderately setose except middle of anterior half of sternum VII, with deep, U-shaped emargination of anterior margin; antrum moderately sclerotized plate, with densely microtrichia on anterior margin of sterigma; ostium bursae opening located on anterior margin of sternum VII; ductus bursae rather short, with longitudinal ridged sclerotized plate, anteriorly bifurcate with 76
the blunt apex extending into corpus bursae; ductus seminalis arising from middle of ductus bursae; corpus bursae spinulose except anteriorly and around the two slender blade-like signa, right signum slender and acute tips than left signum.
Specimen examined. (10♀) Thailand.: Nakhon Si Thammarat Prov.: Khao Nan N.P., 08 55′ 25″N 99 39′ 49″E, ca 131 m, 11 Nov 2007, N. Pinkaew, np 2538 (♀, genitalia slide NP 1154), Nakhon Ratchasima Prov.: Khao Yai N.P., 14 25′ 55″N 101 24′ 05″E, ca 700 m, 27 Nov 2016, N. Pinkaew et al., np 9412 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3886), Sakaerat ERS., 14 29′ 59″N 101 54′ 52″E, ca 330 m, 16-19 Mar 2007, N. Pinkaew, np 2469 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3891), Nakhon Nayok Prov.: Khao Yai N.P., 14 23′ 56″N 101 22′ 16″E, ca 786 m, 13 Feb 2010, N. Pinkaew et al., np 3488 (♀, genitalia slide NP 1370), 14 21′ 56″N 101 24′ 24″E, ca 1,140 m, 5 Jul 2016, N. Pinkaew et al., np 8841 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3887), 6 Sep 2016, N. Pinkaew et al., np 9232 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3889), 14 26′ 17″N 101 22′ 25″E, ca 737 m, 1 Apr 2009, N. Pinkaew, np 2987 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3890), Trat Prov.: Trat Argoforestry Research Station, 12 23′ 34″N 102 40′ 00″E, ca 46 m, 18-19 Mar 2010, N. Pinkaew, np 3698 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3888), Sa Kaeo Prov.: Pang Sida N.P., 14 00′ 34″N 102 11′ 45″E, ca 260 m, 24 Apr 2017, N. Pinkaew et al., np 9871 (♀, genitalia slide NP 3892), Kanchanaburi Prov.: Thong Pha Phum N.P., 14 41′ 34″N 98 24′ 06″E, ca 700 m, 12 Jan 2002, N. Pinkaew, np 229 (♀, genitalia slide NP 116), all specimens collected by N. Pinkaew et al.. Deposited in KKIC.
Distribution. Unknow
Remark. Specimens were collected at elevation 461,140 m.
77
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
10 11 12
Figure 16 Head of Fibuloides spp. 1. Fibuloides aestuosa 2. Fibulooides bacriora 3 Fibuloides bicucullus. 4. Fibuloides corinthia 5. Fibuloides cyanopsis 6. Fibuloides euphlebia 7. Fibuloides falcatus 8. Fibuloides geniculata 9. Fibuloides japonica 10. Fibuloides khaonanensis 11. Fibuloides khaoyai 12. Fibuloides levatana
78
13 14 15
16 17 18
19 20 21
22 23 24
Figure 16 Head of Fibuloides spp. (continued) 13. Fibuloides macrosaris 14. Fibuloides munda 15. Fibuloides trantensis 16. Fibuloides vaneeae 17. Fibuloides sp.A 18. Fibuloides sp.B 19. Fibuloides sp.C 20. Fibuloides sp.D 21. Fibuloides sp.E 22. Fibuloides sp.F 23. Fibuloides sp.G 24. Fibuloides sp.H
79
25 26
Figure 16 Head of Fibuloides spp. (continued) 25. Fibuloides sp.I 26. Fibuloides sp.J
80
+
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
Figure 17 Adult of Fibuloides spp. (scale bars = 2 mm) 1. Fibuloides aestuosa ♀ 2. Fibuloides bacriora ♂ 3. Fibuloides bacriora ♀ 4. Fibuloides bicucullus ♂ 5. Fibuloides bulla ♂ 6. Fibuloides bulla ♀
7. Fibuloides corinthia ♂ 8. Fibuloides cyanopsis ♂
81
9 10
11 12
13 14
15 16
Figure 17 Adult of Fibuloides spp. (scale bars = 2 mm) (continued) 9. Fibuloides cyanopsis ♀ 10. Fibuloides euphlebia ♂ 11. Fibuloides euphlebia ♀ 12. Fibuloides falcatus ♂ 13. Fibuloides geniculata ♂ 14. Fibuloides geniculata ♀ 15. Fibuloides japonica ♀ 16. Fibuloides khaonanensis ♂ 82
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
Figure 17 Adult of Fibuloides spp. (scale bars = 2 mm) (continued) 17. Fibuloides khaoyai ♂ 18. Fibuloides khaoyai ♀ 19. Fibuloides levatana ♂ 20. Fibuloides macrosaris ♂ 21. Fibuloides munda ♂ 22. Fibuloides munda ♀ 23. Fibuloides tratensis ♂ 24. Fibuloides tratensis ♀ 83
25 26
27 28
29 30
31 32
Figure 17 Adult of Fibuloides spp. (scale bars = 2 mm) (continued) 25. Fibuloides vaneeae ♂ 26. Fibuloides vaneeae ♀ 27. Fibuloides sp.A ♀ 28. Fibuloides sp.B ♀ 29. Fibuloides sp.C ♀ 30. Fibuloides sp.D ♀ 31. Fibuloides sp.E ♀ 32. Fibuloides sp.F ♀
84
33 34
35 36
Figure 17 Adult of Fibuloides spp. (scale bars = 2 mm) (continued) 33. Fibuloides sp.G ♂ 34. Fibuloides sp.H ♀ 35. Fibuloides sp.I ♀ 36. Fibuloides sp.J ♀
85
1 2 3
4
Figure 18 Sex scales on abdomen of Fibuloides spp. (indicated by )
1. Fibuloides bicucullus 2. Fibuloides corinthia
3. Fibuloides cyanopsis 4. Fibuloides macrosaris
86
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
Figure 19 Male genitalia of Fibuloides spp. 1. Fibuloides bacriora 2. Fibuloides bicucullus 3. Fibuloides bulla 4. Fibuloides corithia 5. Fibuloides cyanopsis 6. Fibuloides euphlebia 7. Fibuloides falcatus 8. Fibuloides geniculata
87
9 10
11 12
13 14
15
16
Figure 19 Male genitalia of Fibuloides spp. (continued) 9. Fibuloides khaonanensis 10. Fibuloides khaoyai 11. Fibuloides levatana 12. Fibuloides macrosaris 13. Fibuloides munda 14. Fibuloides tratensis 15. Fibuloides vaneeae 16. Fibuloides sp.G
88
1 2 3
4 5
Figure 20 Female genitalia of Fibuloides spp.
1. Fibuloides aestuosa 2. Fibuloides bacriora
3. Fibuloides bulla 4. Fibuloides cyanopsis
5. Fibuloides euphlebia
89
6 7 8
9 10
Figure 20 Female genitalia of Fibuloides spp. (continued) 6. Fibuloides geniculata 7. Fibuloides japonica 8. Fibuloides khaoyai 9. Fibuloides munda 10. Fibuloides tratensis
90
11 12
13 14 15
Figure 20 Female genitalia of Fibuloides spp. (continued) 11. Fibuloides vaneeae 12. Fibuloides sp.A 13. Fibuloides sp.B 14. Fibuloides sp.C 15. Fibuloides sp.D
91
16 17 18
19 20
Figure 20 Female genitalia of Fibuloides spp. (continued) 16. Fibuloides sp.E 17. Fibuloides sp.F 18. Fibuloides sp.H 19. Fibuloides sp.I 20. Fibuloides sp.J
92
92
apex
blunt (see page 96) (see ncus ncus u
round
by male genitalia male by
(see page 93) (see cucullus
Fibuloides
bifid
genus genus Male genitalia Male
(see page 93) (see cucullus non cucullus to species of of to species ey ey k
al i r o Pict ncus pointed ncus apex u
pointed
bifid
(fig. 19.4)(fig.
cucullus cucullus apex apex F. F. corinthia
93
93
round
(fig. 19.15)(fig.
point outwardly point
(see page 95) (see divided produruding divided vaneeae vaneeae process F. F. apex cucullus cucullus not apex cucullus cucullus without cucullus
bifid
round
round
(see page 94) (see cucullus non cucullus apex cucullus apex cucullus
(fig. 19.13) (fig.
(fig. 19.11)(fig.
point ventrally
divided produruding process divided F. F. munda F. F. levatana cucullus cucullus cucullus
94
94
(fig. 19.5)(fig. cucullus without cucullus spines spiniform setaespiniform cyanopsis cyanopsis F. F. Valva with row of dense dense with of row Valva
round
(fig. 19.9)(fig.
apex cucullus apex separated spiniform setae separated spiniform Valva with row of distinctwith of row Valva F. F. khaonanensis
(fig. 19.3)(fig.
F. F. bulla cucullus with distinct with cucullus spines
95
95
shape - (fig. 19.1)(fig.
cucullus scoopcucullus F. F. bacriora gnathos distinct gnathos
round
shape - (fig. 19.6) (fig.
cucullus hookcucullus apex cucullus cucullus not apex F. F. euphlebia
(fig. 19.16) (fig. sp.G F. F. gnathos non distinct non gnathos
96
96
(see page 97) (see uncus without uncus protruding process protruding
cucullus non non cucullus bifid
(fig. 19.12)(fig.
process
apex
uncus with protruding with uncus F. F. macrosaris blunt
ncus ncus u
(fig. 19.7)(fig.
spiniform setaespiniform
F. falcatus F. valva with row of thin thin with of row valva
cucullus bifid cucullus
(fig. 19.2)(fig.
spiniform setaespiniform valva with row of thick thick with of row valva F. F. bicucullus
97
97
(fig. 19.10) (fig.
aedeagus aedeagus not bent F. F. khaoyai
(fig. 19.14)(fig.
socii large socii uncus without uncus protruding process protruding F. F. tratensis
aedeagus strongly strongly bent aedeagus
(fig. 19.8) (fig.
socii small socii geniculate F. F.
98
98
sp.I (fig. 20.19)(fig. sp.I
F. signa with different with signa size corpus bursae
both two signa located on lateral side of of side two on located both lateral signa position (see page 100) (see by female genitalia by female
ostium located in another ostium in located
Fibuloides Female genitalia Female signa with the same size the same with signa key to species of genus of to key species
Pictorial (fig. 20.11)(fig.
(see page 99) (see margin of sternum VIIof sternum margin F. F. vaneeae lateral of corpus bursae corpusof lateral bursae ostium posterior ostium near located only one on signa only located
99
99
posteriorly (fig. 20.1)(fig.
(see page 100) (see F. F. aestuosa lateral margin of antrum lateral margin antrum rhomboidal shape rhomboidal antrum slightly widened slightly postvaginalis
shape -
U sternum VII with indistinct lamella VII indistinct lamella sternum with (fig. 20.3)(fig.
antrum antrum bulla
antrum paralled antrum lateral margin of lateral margin F.
shape without rhomboidal without rhomboidal
antrum antrum margin of sternum VIIof sternum margin
ostium posterior ostium near located sp.C (fig. 20.14)sp.C (fig.
F. F.
posterior margin sinuates posterior margin shape - V lamella postvaginalis lamella
(fig. 20.9) (fig.
antrum antrum
F. F. munda (fig. 20.8) (fig.
sternum VII with distinct VII sternum with shallow excavationshallow F. F. khaoyai posterior margin with one posterior margin
100
100
sp.A (fig. 20.12)(fig. sp.A
(see page 102) (see F. margin of sternum VIIof sternum margin ostium located in anterior near ostium in located corpus bursae constricted lateromedially constricted corpus bursae
position widened posteriorly widened ostium located in another ostium in located lateral margin of antrum slightly of slightly antrum lateral margin
sp.J (fig. 20.20)sp.J (fig.
F. corpus bursae round corpus bursae (see page 101) (see of sternum VII sternum of ostium located in the middle the middle ostium in located
101
101
postvaginalis (fig. 20.18) (fig.
sp.H F. F. sp.F (fig. 20.17)(fig. sp.F sternum VII ridge sternum without
F.
sternum VII without lamella VII sternum without lamella without sclerotized plate without sclerotized on the both side of sternum VII sternum of the both on side
with ridge with (fig. 20.2)(fig. bacriora bacriora F. F. sternum VII sternum ostium located in the middle of sternum sternum VIIof the middle ostium in located
(fig. 20.10)(fig. sternum VII with postvaginalis VIIlamella sternum with
with sclerotized plate sclerotized with F. F. tratensis on the both side of sternum VII sternum of the both on side
102
102
sp.E (fig. 20.16)(fig. sp.E F. F. narrowed sclerotized narrowed sclerotized plate in ductusplate bursae in
(see page 103) (see
sternum VII without lamella postvaginalis VII sternum without lamella sp.D (fig. 20.15) sp.D (fig. indistinct sclerotized plate in ductusplate bursae in indistinct sclerotized F. F. widened sclerotized sclerotized widened plate in ductusplate bursae in
without trilobe without
lamella postvaginalis postvaginalis lamella ostium located in near anterior margin of sternum of sternum VII anterior near margin ostium in located
(see page 103) (see (fig. 20.5) (fig.
sternum VII with postvaginalis VIIlamella sternum with distinct sclerotized plate in ductusplate bursae in distinct sclerotized with distincttrilobe with lamella postvaginalis postvaginalis lamella F. F. euphlebia
103 103
(fig. 20.7) (fig.
prong not point sharp - japonica sp.B (fig. 20.13)sp.B (fig. F. F. F. F. apices of of apices bi
margins of sternum VII sternum bent of margins medially
distinct sclerotized plate in ductusplate bursae in distinct sclerotized indistinct sclerotized plate in ductusplate bursae in indistinct sclerotized
(fig. 20.6) (fig.
(fig. 20.4)(fig. prong sharp point - geniculate F. F. F. cyanopsis F. cyanopsis margins of sternum VIIcurved sternum slightly of margins apices of of apices bi
104
Discussion
The distinctive characters of genus Fibuloides were firstly indicated by
Kuznetsov as follows: male costal fold narrow; forewing with R4 and R5 stalked and
R3 at base close to this stem; CuA1 strongly curved and originated from near base of
M3; hindwing with M3 and CuA1 stalked (Kuznetsov, 1997). Later, Horak (2006) stated that the monophyly of this genus is supported in the male by a dorsal notch at the base of the antenna, the distal portion of the gnathos forming paired rising bands and the valva with a large basal excavation and long flattened bristles from this outer surface, in the female by a spinulose sterigma and a two-pronged anterior sclerotized in the ductus bursae. In 2013, Jaikla et al. was found a group of long scales on the second segment of labial palpus in male adult of F. tratensis. This study found the new additional character that is a group of protruding long scales on the upper frons in male adult of F. euphlebia that did not showed in description of Kawabe (1989). So, costal fold, notch on antenna, long scale on labial palpus and protuding scale on upper frons are distinctive characters of only male adult. These characters show the sexual dimorphism in the genus Fibuloides.
In Thailand, the species of this genus were found in elevation at 46-1,412 m above sea level. Fibuloides corinthia and F. euphlebia might be termed common species because they were found in almost all elevation and found in large number. Fibuloides vaneeae was first described from Thailand and was found at elevation 730 m. Later Zhang and Li (2011) reported F. vaneeae from China (550 m), so this species showed wide range of distribution in different geographical region but similar in elevation. Fibuloides japonica has been recorded from China and Japan (Zhang and Li, 2005, 2011) at wide range of elevation between 240-1,260 m but in Thailand it was found in high elevation at between1,264-1,412 m. Fibuloides aestuosa was found at elevation 131-730 m but Zang and Li (2005, 2011) reported this species was found in China at elevation 350-1,580 m. Fibuloides cyanopsis has been recorded from China, Japan, Vietnam, Indonesia and India (Zhang and Li, 2005,2011) at wide range of elevation between 260-1,100 m but in Thailand it was found at elevation between
105
697-1,412 m. The above information, indicated that this genus distributes in a wide range of elevation.
The genus Fibuloides is distributed in 11 countries around the world which include Australia (2 species), China (9 species), India (4 species), Indonesia (7 species), Japan (3 species), Korea (2 species), New Caledonia (2 species) Philippine (2 species), Sri Lanka (2 species), Thailand (17 species) and Vietnam (5 species) (Kawabe, 1989, Zhang and Li, 2005, Pinkaew, et al., 2005, Zhang and Li, 2011, Pinkaew, 2008, Pinkaew, 2012, Jaikla et al., 2013, Gilligan et al., 2014). Twenty- eight species are distributed in Southeast Asia. Among them, seventeen species are found in Thailand (F. aestuosa, F. bacriora, F. bulla, F. bicucullus, F. corintia, F. cyanopsis, F. euphlebia, F. falcatus, F. geniculata, F. japonica, F. khaoyai, F. khaonanensis, F. levatana, F. munda, F. macrosaris, F. vaneeae, F. tratensis). Therefore, Thailand might be the center of the distribution of this genus. Up to date, Fibuloides bacroira, F. bulla, F. bicucullus, F. euphlebia, F. falcatus, F. geniculate, F. khaonanensis, F. khaoyai and F. tratensis are only ucarded to be found in Thailand. It protably can be assumed that they are endemic species to Thailand.
In this study it was found that Fibuloides levatana reported by Zhang and Li (2011) is misidentified. Comparison with figures and description presented by Pinkaew et al., 2005, it is suggested that this species should be changed to F. vaneeae. This information should be corrected and published in the future. This information should be corrected and published in the future.
106
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusion
The totally of 247 specimens of genus Fibuloides that deposited in Kasetsart Kamphaeng Saen Insect Collection (KKIC) and some additional specimens collected from Khao Yai National Park in 2016, Pang Sida National Park in 2017 and Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary in 2018 were examined and identified to 15 known species: F. aestuosa, F. bulla, F. bicucullus, F. corinthia, F. cyanopsis, F. euphlebia, F. geniculata, F. japonica, F. khaonaensis, F. khaoyai, F. levatana, F. macrosaris, F. munda, F. trantensis and F. vaneeae. Furthermore, 10 morphospecies could not be identified to species. Of these known species, F. euphlebia is the most common species in which 57 specimens or about one-fourth of all examined specimens were identified as F. euphlebia. Fibuloides corinthia is the most disperse species that distributed in 10 provinces around Thailand. In this study, two discovered species were published as new species to science: Fibuloides bacriora Siraphattarathamrong and Pinkaew, 2019 and Fibuloides falcatus Siraphattarathamrong and Pinkaew, 2019. The two new species were collected from Nakhon Nayok, Kanchanaburi and Chiangmai Province. Ten unidentified morphospecies were expected to be new species. Finally, characters of male and female genitalia were distinct enough to proviole the identification keys to species.
107
Recommendation
This study is the first report to review genus Fibuloides found in Thailand. There were similar morphospecies among founded species especially forewings pattern, however, they could be identified by genitalia character but still confuse to match male and female to the same species. So, the Molecular study is needed in order to solve and clarify this problem.
108
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113
CURRICULUM VITAE
CURRICULUM VITAE
NAME Paphatpron Siraphattarathamrong
DATE OF BIRTH 13 February 1995
BIRTH PLACE Children and Mom Hospital Ratchaburi Province
EDUCATION Kasetsart University
SCHOLARSHIP Scholarship for International Publication from Graduate school, Kasetsart University