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Annual Status Report 2019 Vale of White Horse District Council

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Annual Status Report 2019 Vale of White Horse District Council Vale of White Horse District Council 2019 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR) In fulfilment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management June 2019 LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 Vale of White Horse District Council Local Authority Tim Williams Officer Department Environmental Services Address 135 Eastern Avenue Milton Park Telephone 01235 442230 E-mail [email protected] Report Reference VWHDCASR2019 number Date June 2019 LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 Vale of White Horse District Council Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area Air Quality in the Vale of White Horse Air pollution is associated with several adverse health impacts. It is recognised as a contributing factor in the onset of heart disease and cancer. Additionally, air pollution particularly affects the most vulnerable in society: children and older people, and those with heart and lung conditions. There is also often a strong correlation with equalities issues, because areas with poor air quality are also often the less affluent areas1,2. The annual health cost to society of the impacts of particulate matter alone in the UK is estimated to be around £16 billion3. As a largely rural district, with several market towns and villages bordering larger settlements such as Oxford; the air quality across the Vale is generally very good. There are however air pollution hotspots where nitrogen dioxide (NO2) associated with traffic emissions is higher and where it has been necessary to declare Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs). These can be viewed at the following link: https://oxfordshire.air-quality.info/ These areas are typically where houses are close to busy roads and pollution can be worsened by problems with traffic congestion and the street layout. There are three AQMAs in the district all declared because annual average NO2 levels were either predicted to exceed or were exceeding national objectives (40µg/m3 per year or 200µg/m3 per hour). In order to improve air pollution across the district, Vale of White Horse District Council (VWHDC) works in collaboration with partners like Oxfordshire County Council (OCC), Oxford Bus Company (OBC) and other local authorities within Oxfordshire, putting in place some measures to reduce NO2 and PM levels further, both in the AQMAs and also across the entire district. 1 Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status and respiratory health, 2010 2 Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis, 2006 3 Defra. Abatement cost guidance for valuing changes in air quality, May 2013 LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 i Vale of White Horse District Council Meetings of the Oxfordshire Air Quality Group are held quarterly, and now include representatives from Public Health and Public Health England (PHE), enabling joint working and a more comprehensive approach to our future projects. Table A.3 provides information on annual mean NO2 levels within the Air Quality Management Areas. Values are from the diffusion tube monitoring undertaken by VWHDC Environmental Protection Officers and submitted to DEFRA as part of the Annual Air Quality Status Report (ASR). Monitoring results are also available on the Oxfordshire air quality (OAQ) website along with AQMA maps and monitoring results and AQMA maps of neighbouring authorities in Oxfordshire. The monitoring is undertaken using diffusion tubes, changed and assessed for NO2 levels every month. An annual average is calculated from the monthly results, and corrected for bias by comparison with a more accurate continuous analyser located in Abingdon, which has three diffusion tube co-located alongside it. The reported results in Table A.3 are bias corrected but not corrected for distance to the nearest residential receptor. Air Quality Action Plan The principle pollutant of concern to the VWHDC is NO2 and for the most part problems are traffic related. The Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP), adopted in 2015 is the document that sets out the actions proposed or taken to combat and mitigate Air Quality issues within the AQMAs. The document also proposes how we will work with other authorities and organisations that have the power to make the necessary changes to tackle the air quality problems, specifically within the AQMAs but also across the district. The AQAP is now four years old and needs to be reviewed to ensure that it is fit for purpose. As part of the review the AQAP district wide actions need to be broken down into three defined categories so that relevant actions are assigned to the council, the county council and other agencies. LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 ii Vale of White Horse District Council The current AQAP Measures are detailed within Table 2.2 and provide an update and comments regarding the progress of the measures. Additional measures which seek to improve Air Quality across Oxfordshire and which are identified to sit with partner agencies or the responsibility lies with another organisation are also outlined within Table 2.3. Actions to Improve Air Quality To improve air quality within the district the council have undertaken a number of initiatives over the past year which include: • Commencing our anti-idling Campaign: "Turn it Off", whose promotional car sticker is shown in Figure 1.1 below. Figure 1.1 Turn it Off campaign promotional stickers • Updated our AQ Planning Guidance for Developers. • We applied for funding to Defra to produce a low emission strategy for the district. Unfortunately, we were unsuccessful. A new application is being considered for the next round of funding later in 2019. • We have submitted a grant bid to Highways England to fund modelling and extended monitoring in Botley, to demonstrate the efficacy or otherwise of pollution reducing barriers along sections of the A34. • We have engaged with the councils forward planning team and the county council to raise awareness of the urgent need for a solution to the poor air quality in Marcham and the desire to develop land which is likely to increase traffic on the A415 through Marcham village where air quality is poorest. • Updating and promoting the OAQ website which collates all the air quality monitoring in Oxfordshire. LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 iii Vale of White Horse District Council It is not possible to realistically quantify the impacts of any of these actions or any of the measures included in the current AQAP. Conclusions and Priorities In 2018, monitoring data suggests that air pollution levels in Vale of White Horse district are higher than in 2017 with increases noted at most monitoring sites. Despite this, recorded annual mean NO2 levels at most sites remain below the national objective, exceedances were identified at monitoring sites in Abingdon, Botley and Marcham, but at facades of residential properties there was only a single exceedance in Marcham AQMA. Although most of the recorded annual mean NO2 levels are below the national objective, three exceedances were identified in our monitoring sites located in Botley. The principle site being Stanley Close (S21), this is a long-established site which regularly exceeds the AQO. The other two sites (S25 and S30) are sites on nearby fences very close to the road and not representative of residential exposure. These sites are part of a study to assess the impacts of barriers over and above predicted fall off with distance. They are not part of the long-term monitoring programme and do not represent a worsening of air quality in the area, rather the levels are high because the monitoring is closer to the kerbside and the source of pollution. The continuous monitor in Abingdon recorded no exceedance of the hourly NO2 200ug/m3 objective in Abingdon and this objective has been met at the monitoring site. Given the higher levels of NO2 close to the A34 in Botley it is possible the hourly objective could be exceeded within that AQMA. However, as this kerbside area is not an area where there is likely to be relevant exposure, there will be no exceedance of the hourly objective at this location. Despite this, it would be useful to consider continuous monitoring in this area in order to be better informed. If the grant application to Highways England is successful, this will facilitate enhanced monitoring in this area. Where the levels are high in Botley, there is also monitoring at the facades of nearby residences. Facade levels are close to but below the objective and are lower than the levels predicted by distance calculation of levels from sites closer to the A34. In 2018 levels were just below the objective at all facades. LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 iv Vale of White Horse District Council In Marcham levels were higher in 2018 at all the monitoring sites and there is an increased exceedance of the objective at 10 Packhorse Lane (S10), which regularly exceeds the objective. In Abingdon levels are higher in 2018 at most sites, but all remain below the objective at the facades of relevant property. At the Marcham Road site (S11), outside the AQMA, levels remain high and are slightly higher than last year. This site showed an exceedance a few years ago and so remains closely monitored. There was no predicted exceedance at the façade of the nearest property to this site in 2018. Consideration is being given to revoking the AQMA in Abingdon, where despite exceedances at some monitoring sites, there has been no exceedance at receptors for several years. If the monitored levels remain consistently below the objective, then it will be possible to revoke the AQMA. We plan another years’ worth of monitoring before reviewing this proposal. Local Engagement and How to get Involved There are many ways in which the public can get involved in helping to improve air quality in their area, from using your car less, driving more efficiently when you do have to drive or considering a cleaner vehicle when you choose to upgrade your car.
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