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United States Patent (19 11) Patent Number: 5,484,599 Yoder Et Al

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United States Patent (19 11) Patent Number: 5,484,599 Yoder Et Al III US005484599A United States Patent (19 11) Patent Number: 5,484,599 Yoder et al. 45 Date of Patent: Jan. 16, 1996 54) CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS 7, pp. 245–249,265-269, In: The ants 1990. J. A. Yoder et al., “An Ant-Diversionary Secretion of Ticks: 75) Inventors: Jay A. Yoder, Pineville, La.; Richard First Demonstration of an Acarine Hormone' J. Insect J. Pollack; Andrew Spielman, both of Physiol. 39:429-35, 1993. Needham, Mass. J. A. Yoder et al., "Secretion of Squalene by Ticks,” J. Insect Physiol. 39:291-96, 1993. (73) Assignee: The President and Fellows of L. R. Nault and M. E. Montgomery, "Ant-Aphid Associa Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass. tion: Role of Aphid alarm Pheromone," Science 192:1349-50, 1976. (21) Appl. No.: 160,050 R. B. Tesh et al., "Trans-beta-farnesene as a Feeding Stimulant for the Sand Fly Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: 22 Filed: Nov.30, 1993 Psycholdidae).” J. Med. Entomology 29:226-31, 1992. (51) Int. Cl." ............................ A01N 25/00; AON 31/02 Y.T. Das and A. P. Gupta, "Non-Repellancy of Two Insect 52 U.S. Cl. ...................... 424/405; 424/84; 424/DIG, 8; Growth Regulators with Juvenile Hormone Activity of Bla 424/410; 514/739; 514/919 tella Germanica,” Ent. Exp. & Appl. 20:195-98, 1976. 58) Field of Search ..................................... 424/405, 410, R. Schoni, et al., "The Aggregation-Attachment Pheromone 424/84; 514/739 of the Tropical Bont Tick Amblyomma Variegatum Fabricius (Acari, Ixodidae): Isolation, Indentification and Action of its 56) References Cited Components,” J. Insect Physiology 30:613-618, 1984. R. T. Mason et al., "Sex Pheromones in Snakes,” Science U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 245:290-93, 1989. 3,220,921 11/1965 Greenbaum et al. ..................... 167/30 C. F. Fioravanti and A. J. MacInnis, "The In Vitro Effects of 4,626,528 12/1986 McHenry ............ ... 514/19 Farnesol and Derivatives on Hymenolepis Diminuta,” J. 4,855,133 8/1989 Kamei et al. ............................. 424/84 Parasitology 62:749-55, 1976. 4,933,371 6/1990 Hink et al... ... 514/739 K. Matsumoto et al., "The Alarm Pheromone of Grain Mites 4,983,390 1/1991 Levy ........... ... 424/404 5,118,506 6/1992 Eichoefer ... 424/196.1 and its Antifungal Effect,” In: Recent Advances in Acarol 5,258,408 11/1993 Steltenkamp ............................ 514/625 ogy, vol. I, pp. 243-249, 1979 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS Primary Examiner Thurman K. Page Assistant Examiner-Neil Levy T43984 1/1988 Hungary ........................ A01N 27/00 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Medlen & Carroll 901 1012 10/1990 WIPO. 94.05151 3/1994 WIPO 57) ABSTRACT OTHER PUBLICATIONS Compositions are described for repelling and killing insect E. K. Markell and M. Voge, In: Medical Parasitology, 1981, pests, such as fire ants and mosquitoes. Methods for con p. 288. trolling insect pests are found useful when applied to sur The Merck Index, 11th Edition, (S. Sudavari, ed.) 1989, p. faces. A method for controlling ants, preferably fire ants, 977. uses compositions containing the secretion from the large The Merck Index, 11th Edition, (S. Budavari, ed.) 1989, p. wax glands of ticks. 449. B. Holldobler and E. O. Wilson, “Communication,” Chapter 6 Claims, 2 Drawing Sheets 6 20 24 29 CARBONNO. U.S. Patent Jan. 16, 1996 Sheet 1 of 2 5,484,599 0 ---at-I-A July 16 20 2 4. 29 CARBONNO. FIG. 1 U.S. Patent Jan. 16, 1996 Sheet 2 of 2 5,484,599 1.5E-6 1.OE-6 or 5.0E+5 O.OE-0 OO 50 200 250 300 350 400 MASS/CHARGE FIG. 2A 1.5E-6 OE +6 5.0E+5 OO 150 200 250 300 350 400 MASS/CHARGE FIG. 2B 5,484,599 1. 2 CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS shows pronounced toxicity to fire ants when ingested, although it has low insecticidal activity with mere contact. This invention was made with government support from However, Mirex has been banned in the U.S. because NIH grant AI 19693. The government has certain rights in evidence points to its being a potent carcinogen. See The the invention. Merck Index, 11th Edition, 1989, p. 977. Use of baits is an alternative method of controlling fire FIELD OF THE INVENTION ants. When toxic pesticides are mixed with bait, the worker ants carry the bait back to the colony as food. Amdro is one The present invention relates to a method for controlling such bait product that contains a slow acting poison. insect pests, and in particular for controlling insect pests in 10 Although the colony will eventually be destroyed, baits are an environmentally safe manner. slow working; they may take up to a month to be effective. Amdro is not for use on food crops. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Chemical repellents that have low toxicity for humans Efforts to control insect pests have focused on methods of may be applied to the body. Mosquito repellents that are repelling and killing insects. Concerns are that any repellent 15 topically applied are common. Many of the useful insect compound be non-toxic to users, and preferably that it not be repellents are tertiary amides. Among these, an all purpose foul smelling, discoloring or staining. Additionally, concerns insect repellent is N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, also known as are that the method not be harmful to the environment or to "DEET." Notwithstanding its low toxicity, it is an irritant to non-target animals. eyes and mucous membranes, and ingestion can cause CNS People respond to the bites and stings of arthropod pests disturbances. See The Merck Index, 11th Edition, 1989, p. in highly individual ways. For example, mosquitoes, fleas, 449. and bedbugs trigger variable reactions. E. K. Markell and M. What is needed are compositions that repel and kill insect Voge, In: Medical Parasitology, 1981. Some people have pests or can be applied to the locus where insect pests are only minor irritation, while others suffer painful allergic 25 found. Such compositions need to be safe for plants and reactions that may be localized or systemic. Furthermore, animals that come into contact with the compositions. There previous contacts with a particular insect species may cause is a further need for compositions that prevent insects from hypersensitive reactions in subsequent episodes. biting and stinging. The compositions need to be non The bites and stings of various arthropods are cause for carcinogenic, non-irritating, and non-toxic to users. concern not only because they are painful in and of them 30 selves, but also because they are a means of transmission of diseases. For example, mosquitoes transmit malaria and SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION ticks transmit lyme disease. There remains a need to protect The present invention relates to a method for controlling against the bites and stings of aggressive insect pests. insect pests, and in particular for controlling insect pests in In the southern United States, fire ants are an aggressive 35 an environmentally safe manner. Compounds are described pest that annually cost some states hundreds of thousands of to be used alone and in combination with carriers and the dollars for control efforts. The bite and sting of the fire ant like. Carriers are defined as substances that can be mixed is extremely painful. The burning sensation can last for up with active insect controlling compounds to provide a to 24 hours and following that, pustules can form, taking up medium for dispersement. Carriers may be solid or fluid. to ten days to heal. Additional problems may occur if the 40 Solid carriers include powders. Baitherein refers to carriers sting becomes infected. For individuals who are particularly that are insect attractants. sensitive to the venom, a single sting can cause shock and Control of insect pests is broadly defined as killing or respiratory failure. repelling the pests. Repelling can refer to inhibiting aggres Fire ants also attack livestock. Small animals, such as sive activity including biting and stinging. Repelling addi birds and mammals, have been killed by fire ant stings. 45 tionally can refer to causing the pests to turn away. In this Further, the ants can cause crop damage by feeding on young respect, applying a repelling composition to a surface causes plants. In Florida, fire ants attack young citrus trees, causing the pests to avoid that surface. With respect to killing insects, serious economic damage. an amount of a compound or composition sufficient to kill Fire ants cause further problems because of the huge insects is an insecticidal amount. A compound that controls mounds they build in the soil. The mounds may reach a 50 insect pests is an insect controlling compound. height of two feet and a diameter of two to three feet. These The present invention provides a composition for killing large mounds contain up to 200,000 ants. Mounds in the insect pests comprising a mixture of an insecticidal amount field may be of such large size as to become obstacles for of farnesol and a bait. In one embodiment the composition and cause damage to mowers and farm machinery. The ants 55 is a fluid. In an alternative embodiment the composition is infest fields, pastures and lawns. a solid. In one embodiment the insect pest is ants and Attempts to control fire ants may involve drenching the preferably fire ants. In an alternative embodiment the insect mounds with pesticides. However, this method introduces pest is mosquitoes. toxic chemicals into the environment and often results in In another embodiment the invention provides a method overapplication of the pesticide. Furthermore, eradication of 60 for killing insect pests comprising contacting a surface with individual mounds is not completely effective since Smaller an insecticidal amount of farnesol.
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