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Auburnuniversity Crops Auburn University Crops: Wheat and Feed Grains Research Report 2016 Research Report No. 32 Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, 2017 Paul Patterson, Director Auburn University Auburn, AL In cooperation with the Alabama Cooperative Extension System (Alabama A&M University and Auburn Universit Editors K.S. Lawrence Professor Entomology & Plant Pathology Auburn University, AL D. Monks Professor and Director AAES Res. Stations Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Auburn University, AL Authors Abbreviations: ACES, Alabama Cooperative Extension System; AAES, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station; AFNR, Agriculture, Forestry, and Natural Resources. K. Balkcom J. Kelton Soils Research Scientist ACES Regional Agronomic Crops Agent National Soil Dynamics Lab ACES-AFNR-Field Auburn University, AL Headland, AL L. K. Anderson B. A. Dillard Associate Professor/Extension Animal Scientist ACES Regional Agronomic Crops Agent Department of Animal Sciences ACES-AFNR-Field Auburn University, AL Geneva, AL T. Cutts A. K. Hagan Assistant Professor/ Extension Agronomist Professor/Extension Plant Pathologist Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Entomology and Plant Pathology Auburn University, AL Auburn University, AL J. A. Tredaway J. T. Ducar Assistant Professor/Extension Weed Scientist Assistant Professor/Extension Weed Scientist Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Auburn University, AL Auburn University, AL C. Hicks G. Pate ACES Regional Agronomic Crops Agent AAES Director EV Smith Research Center E.V. Smith Research Center Shorter, AL Shorter, AL P. Mask S. Till Asst. Director, AFNR Graduate Student Assistant Dean for Extension Entomology & Plant Pathology Auburn University, AL Auburn University, AL D. Delaney R. Yates Extension Agronomist ACES Regional Agronomic Crops Agent Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences ACES-AFNR-Field Auburn University, AL Linden, AL 1 M. Hall T. Reed ACES Crops Specialist, Feed Grains ACES Entomologist Tennessee Valley Research & Extension Center Tennessee Valley Research & Extension Center Statewide, AL Statewide, AL A. Jacobson M. Runge Assistant Professor Extension Program Associate Entomology & Plant Pathology Agricultural Economics & Rural Sociology Auburn University, AL Auburn University, AL K. Wilkins T. Sandlin ACES Regional Agronomic Crops Agent ACES Regional Agronomic Crops Agent ACES-AFNR-Field Tennessee Valley Research Extension Center Bay Minette, AL Belle Mina, AL K. Flanders C. Dillard Professor/Extension Entomologist ACES Extension GIS Specialist Entomology & Plant Pathology Auburn University, AL Auburn University, AL K. S. Lawrence K. Bowen Professor Professor Entomology & Plant Pathology Entomology & Plant Pathology Auburn University, AL Auburn University, AL C. C. Mitchell M. Toews Professor/Extension Soil Scientist (retired) Associate Professor Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Department of Entomology Auburn University, AL University of Georgia D. Monks N. Smith Professor and Director AAES Res. Stations Associate Professor Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Agricultural Sciences Department Auburn University, AL Clemson University B. Ortiz X. Ni Associate Professor/Extension Agronomist USDA-ARS Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Crop Genetics and Breeding Auburn University, AL Tifton, GA A. Price R. Colquitt USDA Weed Scientist County Extension Coordinator National Soil Dynamics Lab Shelby County, AL Auburn University, AL G. Huluka C. Ray Associate Professor Research Fellow IV Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Entomology & Plant Pathology Auburn University, AL Auburn University, AL 2 J. Smitherman County Extension Coordinator Montgomery County, AL K. Smith ACES Horticulture Specialist Statewide, AL L. Duzy USDA-Ag. Research Service National Soil Dynamics Laboratory Auburn University, AL 3 Acknowledgements This publication is a joint contribution of Auburn University, the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, and the USDA Agricultural Research Service and National Soil Dynamics Laboratory. Research contained in the AU crops research reports was partially funded through the Alabama Cotton Commission, the Alabama Wheat and Feed Grains Producers, the Alabama Soybean Producers and private industry grants. All funding is appreciated. Confidential Report Publication, display or distribution of data contained herein should not be made without prior written approval. Mention of a trademark product does not constitute a guarantee of the product by Auburn University and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products. 4 Contents I. Cultural Management ................................................................................................ 7 Evaluating Cover Crop Mixtures for Conservation Tillage Corn Production ................................ 7 Weighing Grain Buggies for Large-Scale Tests ............................................................................. 9 The Old Rotation........................................................................................................................... 10 Cullars Rotation ............................................................................................................................ 12 On-Farm Evaluation of Wheat Varieties ...................................................................................... 13 Evaluation of the Performance of Drought Tolerant Corn Hybrids in Alabama .......................... 15 Research and Economics of Safe Corn Storage in the Southeastern US ...................................... 17 Alabama On-Farm Corn Hybrid Performance Tests .................................................................... 20 II. Fertilizer Management ............................................................................................. 23 Benefits of Residual Nitrogen on Corn Production Following Soybean Production Using Poultry Litter .............................................................................................................................................. 23 Impact of Sampling Depth on Phosphorus Soil Analysis and Fertilizer Recommendations for Wheat ............................................................................................................................................ 24 Black Belt & Wire Grass On-Farm Corn Population Performance Tests .................................... 27 III. Weed Management .................................................................................................. 29 Evaluation of ‘Zidua’ and ‘Fierce’ Herbicides for Ryegrass Control in Wheat ........................... 29 Evaluation of HPPD Inhibitors for Postemergence Control of Morningglories and Palmer Pigweed Control in Corn .............................................................................................................. 31 Fall Residual Control of Glyphosate Resistant Italian Ryegrass in Corn ..................................... 34 V. Disease Management ................................................................................................ 35 Evaluation of Effects of Foliar Fungicide Applications on Diseases of Wheat ........................... 35 Disease Monitoring on Wheat Varieties ....................................................................................... 40 Management of Southern Rust and Other Diseases in Early and Double Crop Corn .................. 42 Management of Diseases in Grain Sorghum ................................................................................ 45 VI. Insect Management .................................................................................................. 47 Emerging Pests of Corn-sap Beetles and Brown Marmorated Stink Bug .................................... 47 Monitoring Hessian Fly Populations in Alabama ......................................................................... 49 Hedgehog Grain Aphid ................................................................................................................. 52 VII. Nematode Management ........................................................................................... 53 Reproduction of the Cotton Root-knot and Stubby Root Nematodes on Commercial Field Corn Hybrids and Their Impact on Plant Growth and Corn Yield ........................................................ 53 Yield Loss of Five Corn Hybrids due to the Root Knot Nematode and Nematicide Evaluation in Alabama, 2016 .............................................................................................................................. 55 5 An Integrated Approach to Improving Corn Plant Health in Meloidogyne incognita Infested Field with Nematicides, Plant Growth Regulators, and Starter Fertilizers ................................... 57 VIII. Extras .................................................................................................................... 60 Continuing ACES & Exp. Station Information Transfer for Alabama Row Crop Producers ...... 60 Alabama Crop Production Mobile App Upgrade ......................................................................... 61 Stored Grain Management ............................................................................................................ 62 Precision Agriculture Online Lessons .......................................................................................... 63 2016 Agriculture Discovery Day .................................................................................................. 64 Alabama Corn and Wheat Short Course
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