Introduction to Perl

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Introduction to Perl Introduction to Bioinformatics Introduction to Bioinformatics Prof. Dr. Nizamettin AYDIN [email protected] Introduction to Perl 1 2 Learning objectives Setting The Technological Scene • After this lecture you should be able to • One of the objectives of this course is.. – to enable students to acquire an understanding of, and understand : ability in, a programming language (Perl, Python) as the – sequence, iteration and selection; main enabler in the development of computer programs in the area of Bioinformatics. – basic building blocks of programming; – three C’s: constants, comments and conditions; • Modern computers are organised around two main – use of variable containers; components: – use of some Perl operators and its pattern-matching technology; – Hardware – Perl input/output – Software – … 3 4 Introduction to the Computing Introduction to the Computing • Computer: electronic genius? • In theory, computer can compute anything – NO! Electronic idiot! • that’s possible to compute – Does exactly what we tell it to, nothing more. – given enough memory and time • All computers, given enough time and memory, • In practice, solving problems involves are capable of computing exactly the same things. computing under constraints. Supercomputer – time Workstation • weather forecast, next frame of animation, ... PDA – cost • cell phone, automotive engine controller, ... = = – power • cell phone, handheld video game, ... 5 6 Copyright 2000 N. AYDIN. All rights reserved. 1 Layers of Technology Layers of Technology • Operating system... – Interacts directly with the hardware – Responsible for ensuring efficient use of hardware resources • Tools... – Softwares that take adavantage of what the operating system has to offer. – Programming languages, databases, editors, interface builders... • Applications... – Most useful category of software – Web browsers, email clients, web servers, word processors, etc... 7 8 Transformations Between Layers How do we solve a problem using a computer? • A systematic sequence of transformations between layers of abstraction. Problems Algorithms Problem Software Design: Language choose algorithms and data structures Algorithm Instruction Set Architecture Programming: Microarchitecture use language to express design Program Circuits Compiling/Interpreting: convert language to Devices Instr Set Architecture machine instructions 9 10 Deeper and Deeper… Descriptions of Each Level… • Problem Statement – stated using "natural language" Instr Set Architecture – may be ambiguous, imprecise Processor Design: • Algorithm choose structures to implement ISA – step-by-step procedure, guaranteed to finish Microarch – definiteness, effective computability, finiteness Logic/Circuit Design: gates and low-level circuits to • Program – express the algorithm using a computer language Circuits implement components – high-level language, low-level language Process Engineering & Fabrication: develop and manufacture • Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) Devices lowest-level components – specifies the set of instructions the computer can perform – data types, addressing mode 11 12 Copyright 2000 N. AYDIN. All rights reserved. 2 …Descriptions of Each Level Many Choices at Each Level • Microarchitecture Solve a system of equations – detailed organization of a processor implementation Gaussian Jacobi Red-black SOR Multigrid – different implementations of a single ISA elimination iteration • Logic Circuits FORTRAN C C++ Java – combine basic operations to realize Tradeoffs: microarchitecture PowerPC Intel x86 Atmel AVR cost – many different ways to implement a single function performance Centrino Pentium 4 Xeon power (e.g., addition) (etc.) • Devices Ripple-carry adder Carry-lookahead adder – properties of materials, manufacturability CMOS Bipolar GaAs The successive over-relaxation (SOR) : a method for solving a linear system of equations. 13 14 The Computer Level Hierarchy C Fortran Ada etc. Basic Java • Each virtual machine layer is Compiler Compiler an abstraction of the level below it. Byte Code • The machines at each level Assembly Language execute their own particular instructions, calling upon Assembler Interpreter machines at lower levels to perform tasks as required. Executable • Computer circuits ultimately carry out the work. Instruction Set Architecture •Software? •Program or collection of programs. HW HW HW •Enables the hardware to process data. Implementation 1 Implementation 2 Implementation N 15 16 Programming Stepwise Refinement • Methodologies for creating computer programs • Also known as systematic decomposition. that perform a desired function. – Problem Solving • Start with problem statement: • How do we figure out what to tell the computer to do? • Convert problem statement into algorithm, using stepwise • Decompose task into a few simpler subtasks. refinement. • Convert algorithm into machine instructions. • Decompose each subtask into smaller subtasks, and – Debugging these into even smaller subtasks, etc.... • How do we figure out why it didn’t work? • Examining registers and memory, setting breakpoints, etc. until you get to the machine instruction level. Time spent on the first can reduce time spent on the second! 17 18 Copyright 2000 N. AYDIN. All rights reserved. 3 Problem Statement Three Basic Constructs • There are three basic ways to decompose a task: • Because problem statements are written in English, they are sometimes ambiguous and/or incomplete. – Where is “file” located? Task – How big is it? – How do I know when I’ve reached the end? – How should final count be printed? A decimal number? True Test False – If the character is a letter, should I count both upper-case and False condition Test lower-case occurrences? Subtask 1 condition True • How do you resolve these issues? Subtask 1 Subtask 2 Subtask 2 Subtask – Ask the person who wants the problem solved, or – Make a decision and document it. Sequential Conditional Iterative 19 20 Sequential Conditional • Do Subtask 1 to completion, • If condition is true, do Subtask 1; then do Subtask 2 to completion, etc. else, do Subtask 2. Get character input from keyboard True file char False = input? Count and print the Examine file and Test character. occurrences of a count the number If match, increment character in a file of characters that Count = Count + 1 match counter. Print number to the screen 21 22 Iterative Why Write Programs? • Do Subtask over and over, as long as the test condition is true. • Automate computer work that you do by hand – save time & reduce errors more chars False • Run the same analysis on lots of similar data files to check? Check each element of • Analyze data the file and count the True characters that match. • Make decisions Check next char and • Create new analysis methods count if matches. 23 Copyright 2000 N. AYDIN. All rights reserved. 4 Why Perl? As a software tool: Perl • What Is Perl? • Fairly easy to learn the basics • PERL is a "Practical Extraction and Report Language“ • Many powerful functions for working with • (or Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister) text: search & extract, modify, combine – freely available for Unix, MVS, VMS, MS/DOS, • Can control other programs Macintosh, OS/2, Amiga, and other operating systems. • Free and available for all operating systems • Perl has powerful text manipulation functions. – It eclectically combines features and purposes of many • Most popular language in bioinformatics command languages. • Many pre-built “modules” are available that – Perl has enjoyed popularity for programming World Wide do useful things Web electronic forms and generally as glue and gateway between systems, databases, and users. 26 History Strengths of Perl • Originally written by Larry Wall at NASA’s Jet • Very easy to learn Propulsion Labs • Very portable – to process mail on Unix systems – extended by a lot of people and many biologists! • High level language • Started as ‘glue’ language, • Powerful text processing – for the use of Larry and officemates. • It’s free • It combines the best features of several languages. • What makes Perl a good programming language for • Version 1: December 18, 1987 Biological data? • Current stable release is Perl 5.18.2 – Fast in file manipulation • Perl motto: TMTOWTDI-There’s More Than One – DBI modules provide database bridge for other applications Way To Do It – CGI module provides easy web interface 27 28 Getting and Installing Perl What is Perl Used For • http://www.perl.org/ • CGI (common gateway interface) Programming (dynamically generating web pages). • http://www.perl.com/CPAN/ – (Example websites: www.amazon.com, www.slashdot.org, • http://www.activestate.com/ www.deja.com) • Perl tutorials: • Extracting data from one source and translating it to another format. http://www.internetbiologists.org/IB-perl/index.html • Manipulating databases, simple search and replace http://learn.perl.org/library/beginning_perl/ operation. • Data management in Human Genome Project • Bioinformatics related web pages: • Internet programming, automating administration http://www.geocities.com/bioinformaticsweb/index.html tasks, ...............etc. http://glasnost.itcarlow.ie/~biobook/index.html 29 30 Copyright 2000 N. AYDIN. All rights reserved. 5 Which Platform to Use Win95 / Win98 / WinME / WinNT / Win2000/W2K / WinXP (Win32) • http://www.perl.com/CPAN/ports/index.html • Starting from Perl 5.005 the Win32 support has been integrated to the Perl • Perl Ports (Binary Distributions) standard source code distribution. But if you insist on a binary: • ActivePerl
Recommended publications
  • Validated Products List, 1995 No. 3: Programming Languages, Database
    NISTIR 5693 (Supersedes NISTIR 5629) VALIDATED PRODUCTS LIST Volume 1 1995 No. 3 Programming Languages Database Language SQL Graphics POSIX Computer Security Judy B. Kailey Product Data - IGES Editor U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Technology Administration National Institute of Standards and Technology Computer Systems Laboratory Software Standards Validation Group Gaithersburg, MD 20899 July 1995 QC 100 NIST .056 NO. 5693 1995 NISTIR 5693 (Supersedes NISTIR 5629) VALIDATED PRODUCTS LIST Volume 1 1995 No. 3 Programming Languages Database Language SQL Graphics POSIX Computer Security Judy B. Kailey Product Data - IGES Editor U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Technology Administration National Institute of Standards and Technology Computer Systems Laboratory Software Standards Validation Group Gaithersburg, MD 20899 July 1995 (Supersedes April 1995 issue) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Ronald H. Brown, Secretary TECHNOLOGY ADMINISTRATION Mary L. Good, Under Secretary for Technology NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY Arati Prabhakar, Director FOREWORD The Validated Products List (VPL) identifies information technology products that have been tested for conformance to Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) in accordance with Computer Systems Laboratory (CSL) conformance testing procedures, and have a current validation certificate or registered test report. The VPL also contains information about the organizations, test methods and procedures that support the validation programs for the FIPS identified in this document. The VPL includes computer language processors for programming languages COBOL, Fortran, Ada, Pascal, C, M[UMPS], and database language SQL; computer graphic implementations for GKS, COM, PHIGS, and Raster Graphics; operating system implementations for POSIX; Open Systems Interconnection implementations; and computer security implementations for DES, MAC and Key Management.
    [Show full text]
  • Cygwin User's Guide
    Cygwin User’s Guide Cygwin User’s Guide ii Copyright © Cygwin authors Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this documentation provided the copyright notice and this per- mission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this documentation under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this documentation into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation. Cygwin User’s Guide iii Contents 1 Cygwin Overview 1 1.1 What is it? . .1 1.2 Quick Start Guide for those more experienced with Windows . .1 1.3 Quick Start Guide for those more experienced with UNIX . .1 1.4 Are the Cygwin tools free software? . .2 1.5 A brief history of the Cygwin project . .2 1.6 Highlights of Cygwin Functionality . .3 1.6.1 Introduction . .3 1.6.2 Permissions and Security . .3 1.6.3 File Access . .3 1.6.4 Text Mode vs. Binary Mode . .4 1.6.5 ANSI C Library . .4 1.6.6 Process Creation . .5 1.6.6.1 Problems with process creation . .5 1.6.7 Signals . .6 1.6.8 Sockets . .6 1.6.9 Select . .7 1.7 What’s new and what changed in Cygwin . .7 1.7.1 What’s new and what changed in 3.2 .
    [Show full text]
  • Automating Your Sync Testing
    APPLICATION NOTE By automating system verification and conformance testing to ITU-T synchronization standards, you’ll save on time and resources, and avoid potential test execution errors. This application note describes how you can use the Paragon-X’s Script Recorder to easily record Tcl, PERL and Python commands that can be integrated into your own test scripts for fast and efficient automated testing. AUTOMATING YOUR SYNC TESTING calnexsol.com Easily automate synchronization testing using the Paragon-X Fast and easy automation by Supports the key test languages Pre-prepared G.8262 Conformance recording GUI key presses Tcl, PERL and Python Scripts reduces test execution errors <Tcl> <PERL> <python> If you perform System Verification language you want to record i.e. Tcl, PERL SyncE CONFORMANCE TEST and Conformance Testing to ITU-T or Python, then select Start. synchronization standards on a regular Calnex provides Conformance Test Scripts basis, you’ll know that manual operation to ITU-T G.8262 for SyncE conformance of these tests can be time consuming, testing using the Paragon-X. These tedious and prone to operator error — as test scripts can also be easily tailored well as tying up much needed resources. and edited to meet your exact test Automation is the answer but very often requirements. This provides an easy means a lack of time and resource means it of getting your test automation up and remains on the ‘To do’ list. Now, with running and providing a repeatable means Calnex’s new Script Recorder feature, you of proving performance, primarily for ITU-T can get your automation up and running standards conformance.
    [Show full text]
  • Learning Perl Through Examples Part 2 L1110@BUMC 2/22/2017
    www.perl.org Learning Perl Through Examples Part 2 L1110@BUMC 2/22/2017 Yun Shen, Programmer Analyst [email protected] IS&T Research Computing Services Spring 2017 Tutorial Resource Before we start, please take a note - all the codes and www.perl.org supporting documents are accessible through: • http://rcs.bu.edu/examples/perl/tutorials/ Yun Shen, Programmer Analyst [email protected] IS&T Research Computing Services Spring 2017 Sign In Sheet We prepared sign-in sheet for each one to sign www.perl.org We do this for internal management and quality control So please SIGN IN if you haven’t done so Yun Shen, Programmer Analyst [email protected] IS&T Research Computing Services Spring 2017 Evaluation One last piece of information before we start: www.perl.org • DON’T FORGET TO GO TO: • http://rcs.bu.edu/survey/tutorial_evaluation.html Leave your feedback for this tutorial (both good and bad as long as it is honest are welcome. Thank you) Yun Shen, Programmer Analyst [email protected] IS&T Research Computing Services Spring 2017 Today’s Topic • Basics on creating your code www.perl.org • About Today’s Example • Learn Through Example 1 – fanconi_example_io.pl • Learn Through Example 2 – fanconi_example_str_process.pl • Learn Through Example 3 – fanconi_example_gene_anno.pl • Extra Examples (if time permit) Yun Shen, Programmer Analyst [email protected] IS&T Research Computing Services Spring 2017 www.perl.org Basics on creating your code How to combine specs, tools, modules and knowledge. Yun Shen, Programmer Analyst [email protected] IS&T Research Computing
    [Show full text]
  • Multimedia Systems DCAP303
    Multimedia Systems DCAP303 MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS Copyright © 2013 Rajneesh Agrawal All rights reserved Produced & Printed by EXCEL BOOKS PRIVATE LIMITED A-45, Naraina, Phase-I, New Delhi-110028 for Lovely Professional University Phagwara CONTENTS Unit 1: Multimedia 1 Unit 2: Text 15 Unit 3: Sound 38 Unit 4: Image 60 Unit 5: Video 102 Unit 6: Hardware 130 Unit 7: Multimedia Software Tools 165 Unit 8: Fundamental of Animations 178 Unit 9: Working with Animation 197 Unit 10: 3D Modelling and Animation Tools 213 Unit 11: Compression 233 Unit 12: Image Format 247 Unit 13: Multimedia Tools for WWW 266 Unit 14: Designing for World Wide Web 279 SYLLABUS Multimedia Systems Objectives: To impart the skills needed to develop multimedia applications. Students will learn: z how to combine different media on a web application, z various audio and video formats, z multimedia software tools that helps in developing multimedia application. Sr. No. Topics 1. Multimedia: Meaning and its usage, Stages of a Multimedia Project & Multimedia Skills required in a team 2. Text: Fonts & Faces, Using Text in Multimedia, Font Editing & Design Tools, Hypermedia & Hypertext. 3. Sound: Multimedia System Sounds, Digital Audio, MIDI Audio, Audio File Formats, MIDI vs Digital Audio, Audio CD Playback. Audio Recording. Voice Recognition & Response. 4. Images: Still Images – Bitmaps, Vector Drawing, 3D Drawing & rendering, Natural Light & Colors, Computerized Colors, Color Palletes, Image File Formats, Macintosh & Windows Formats, Cross – Platform format. 5. Animation: Principle of Animations. Animation Techniques, Animation File Formats. 6. Video: How Video Works, Broadcast Video Standards: NTSC, PAL, SECAM, ATSC DTV, Analog Video, Digital Video, Digital Video Standards – ATSC, DVB, ISDB, Video recording & Shooting Videos, Video Editing, Optimizing Video files for CD-ROM, Digital display standards.
    [Show full text]
  • Getting Started Computing at the Al Lab by Christopher C. Stacy Abstract
    MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ARTIFICIAL INTELLI..IGENCE LABORATORY WORKING PAPER 235 7 September 1982 Getting Started Computing at the Al Lab by Christopher C. Stacy Abstract This document describes the computing facilities at the M.I.T. Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, and explains how to get started using them. It is intended as an orientation document for newcomers to the lab, and will be updated by the author from time to time. A.I. Laboratory Working Papers are produced for internal circulation. and may contain information that is, for example, too preliminary or too detailed for formal publication. It is not intended that they should be considered papers to which reference can be made in the literature. a MASACHUSETS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 1982 Getting Started Table of Contents Page i Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Lisp Machines 2 1.2. Timesharing 3 1.3. Other Computers 3 1.3.1. Field Engineering 3 1.3.2. Vision and Robotics 3 1.3.3. Music 4 1,3.4. Altos 4 1.4. Output Peripherals 4 1.5. Other Machines 5 1.6. Terminals 5 2. Networks 7 2.1. The ARPAnet 7 2.2. The Chaosnet 7 2.3. Services 8 2.3.1. TELNET/SUPDUP 8 2.3.2. FTP 8 2.4. Mail 9 2.4.1. Processing Mail 9 2.4.2. Ettiquette 9 2.5. Mailing Lists 10 2.5.1. BBoards 11 2.6. Finger/Inquire 11 2.7. TIPs and TACs 12 2.7.1. ARPAnet TAC 12 2.7.2. Chaosnet TIP 13 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Microkernels in a Bit More Depth • Early Operating Systems Had Very Little Structure • a Strictly Layered Approach Was Promoted by Dijkstra
    Motivation Microkernels In a Bit More Depth Early operating systems had very little structure A strictly layered approach was promoted by Dijkstra THE Operating System [Dij68] COMP9242 2007/S2 Week 4 Later OS (more or less) followed that approach (e.g., Unix). UNSW Such systems are known as monolithic kernels COMP9242 07S2 W04 1 Microkernels COMP9242 07S2 W04 2 Microkernels Issues of Monolithic Kernels Evolution of the Linux Kernel E Advantages: Kernel has access to everything: all optimisations possible all techniques/mechanisms/concepts implementable Kernel can be extended by adding more code, e.g. for: new services support for new harwdare Problems: Widening range of services and applications OS bigger, more complex, slower, more error prone. Need to support same OS on different hardware. Like to support various OS environments. Distribution impossible to provide all services from same (local) kernel. COMP9242 07S2 W04 3 Microkernels COMP9242 07S2 W04 4 Microkernels Approaches to Tackling Complexity Evolution of the Linux Kernel Part 2 A Classical software-engineering approach: modularity Software-engineering study of Linux kernel [SJW+02]: (relatively) small, mostly self-contained components well-defined interfaces between them Looked at size and interdependencies of kernel "modules" enforcement of interfaces "common coupling": interdependency via global variables containment of faults to few modules Analysed development over time (linearised version number) Doesn't work with monolithic kernels: Result 1:
    [Show full text]
  • Building Performance Measurement Tools for the MINIX 3 Operating System
    Building Performance Measurement Tools for the MINIX 3 Operating System Rogier Meurs August 2006 Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Measuring Performance 1 1.2 MINIX 3 2 2 STATISTICAL PROFILING 3 2.1 Introduction 3 2.2 In Search of a Timer 3 2.2.1 i8259 Timers 3 2.2.2 CMOS Real-Time Clock 3 2.3 High-level Description 4 2.4 Work Done in User-Space 5 2.4.1 The SPROFILE System Call 5 2.5 Work Done in Kernel-Space 5 2.5.1 The SPROF Kernel Call 5 2.5.2 Profiling using the CMOS Timer Interrupt 6 2.6 Work Done at the Application Level 7 2.6.1 Control Tool: profile 7 2.6.2 Analyzing Tool: sprofalyze.pl 7 2.7 What Can and What Cannot be Profiled 8 2.8 Profiling Results 8 2.8.1 High Scoring IPC Functions 8 2.8.2 Interrupt Delay 9 2.8.3 Profiling Runs on Simulator and Other CPU Models 12 2.9 Side-effect of Using the CMOS Clock 12 3 CALL PROFILING 13 3.1 Introduction 13 3.1.1 Compiler-supported Call Profiling 13 3.1.2 Call Paths, Call and Cycle Attribution 13 3.2 High-level Description 14 3.3 Work Done in User-Space 15 3.3.1 The CPROFILE System Call 15 3.4 Work Done in Kernel-Space 16 3.4.1 The PROFBUF and CPROF Kernel Calls 16 3.5 Work Done in Libraries 17 3.5.1 Profiling Using Library Functions 17 3.5.2 The Procentry Library Function 17 3.5.3 The Procexit Library Function 20 3.5.4 The Call Path String 22 3.5.5 Testing Overhead Elimination 23 3.6 Profiling Kernel-Space/User-Space Processes 24 3.6.1 Differences in Announcing and Table Sizes 24 3.6.2 Kernel-Space Issue: Reentrancy 26 3.6.3 Kernel-Space Issue: The Call Path 26 3.7 Work Done at the Application
    [Show full text]
  • RTI Data Distribution Service Platform Notes
    RTI Data Distribution Service The Real-Time Publish-Subscribe Middleware Platform Notes Version 4.5c © 2004-2010 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. First printing. June 2010. Trademarks Real-Time Innovations and RTI are registered trademarks of Real-Time Innovations, Inc. All other trademarks used in this document are the property of their respective owners. Copy and Use Restrictions No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form (including electronic, mechanical, photocopy, and facsimile) without the prior written permission of Real- Time Innovations, Inc. The software described in this document is furnished under and subject to the RTI software license agreement. The software may be used or copied only under the terms of the license agreement. Technical Support Real-Time Innovations, Inc. 385 Moffett Park Drive Sunnyvale, CA 94089 Phone: (408) 990-7444 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.rti.com/support Contents 1 Supported Platforms.........................................................................................................................1 2 AIX Platforms.....................................................................................................................................3 2.1 Changing Thread Priority.......................................................................................................3 2.2 Multicast Support ....................................................................................................................3
    [Show full text]
  • Research Purpose Operating Systems – a Wide Survey
    GESJ: Computer Science and Telecommunications 2010|No.3(26) ISSN 1512-1232 RESEARCH PURPOSE OPERATING SYSTEMS – A WIDE SURVEY Pinaki Chakraborty School of Computer and Systems Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi – 110067, India. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Operating systems constitute a class of vital software. A plethora of operating systems, of different types and developed by different manufacturers over the years, are available now. This paper concentrates on research purpose operating systems because many of them have high technological significance and they have been vividly documented in the research literature. Thirty-four academic and research purpose operating systems have been briefly reviewed in this paper. It was observed that the microkernel based architecture is being used widely to design research purpose operating systems. It was also noticed that object oriented operating systems are emerging as a promising option. Hence, the paper concludes by suggesting a study of the scope of microkernel based object oriented operating systems. Keywords: Operating system, research purpose operating system, object oriented operating system, microkernel 1. Introduction An operating system is a software that manages all the resources of a computer, both hardware and software, and provides an environment in which a user can execute programs in a convenient and efficient manner [1]. However, the principles and concepts used in the operating systems were not standardized in a day. In fact, operating systems have been evolving through the years [2]. There were no operating systems in the early computers. In those systems, every program required full hardware specification to execute correctly and perform each trivial task, and its own drivers for peripheral devices like card readers and line printers.
    [Show full text]
  • Vxworks OS Changer Gives Developers the Ability to Reuse Vxworks Applications on Diff Erent Operating Systems
    VxWorks® OS Changer Change Your OS - Keep Your Code The OS Changer family of products gives developers the freedom to switch operating systems while leveraging on their existing code and knowledge base to protect their software investment. VxWorks OS Changer gives developers the ability to reuse VxWorks applications on diff erent operating systems. VxWorks OS Changer Highlights Protect your software investment by re-using your VxWorks code Reduce time to market by migrating VxWorks code to a standard OS interface architecture Protect your knowledge-base by using familiar APIs and eliminate the learning curve on the new OS platform Eliminate dependency on a single OS vendor and switch to - An OS that meets your performance and memory footprint needs - An OS that off ers better tools, middleware/drivers and support - An OS that supports your next generation silicon Reduce ongoing development and maintenance cost - Develop target specifi c code on a host platform - Re-use one set of code across multiple host & target OS platforms - Break down VxWorks applications into manageable pieces to reduce complexity and add module protection - Use same APIs for inter-task and inter-process communications OS Changer is highly optimized for each specifi c OS platform Eclipse-based host environment is available to port VxWorks applications using OS Changer in OS PAL (refer to the OS PAL datasheet) OS Changer includes access to the BASE OS Abstractor API features to allow development of highly portable applications (refer to the OS Abstractor datasheet) Additionally, POSIX or open source Linux code can be reused on a new OS platform with POSIX OS Abstractor (refer to the POSIX OS Abstractor datasheet) VxWorks OS Changer is off ered royalty-free with source code Using VxWorks OS Changer OS Changer is designed for use as a C library.
    [Show full text]
  • Filesystems HOWTO Filesystems HOWTO Table of Contents Filesystems HOWTO
    Filesystems HOWTO Filesystems HOWTO Table of Contents Filesystems HOWTO..........................................................................................................................................1 Martin Hinner < [email protected]>, http://martin.hinner.info............................................................1 1. Introduction..........................................................................................................................................1 2. Volumes...............................................................................................................................................1 3. DOS FAT 12/16/32, VFAT.................................................................................................................2 4. High Performance FileSystem (HPFS)................................................................................................2 5. New Technology FileSystem (NTFS).................................................................................................2 6. Extended filesystems (Ext, Ext2, Ext3)...............................................................................................2 7. Macintosh Hierarchical Filesystem − HFS..........................................................................................3 8. ISO 9660 − CD−ROM filesystem.......................................................................................................3 9. Other filesystems.................................................................................................................................3
    [Show full text]