USB Type-C a New Power Paradigm 2 © All Rights Reserved by Wurth Electronics, Also in the Event of Industrial Property Rights

USB Type-C A New Power Paradigm

George Slama Senior Application and Content Engineer [email protected]

Würth Elektronik Agenda

. Simplifying . USB Type-C . USB Power Delivery  Default mode  Negotiation of power delivery  E-marked cable  Dual role for power (DRP)  Programmable power supply . Implementation  Power source  Data line protection . Conclusion

USB Type-C and USB-C are registered trademarks of USB 3.0 Implementers Forum

Date 02.26.2020 | embedded world 2020 | Public | Topic: USB Type-C A New Power Paradigm 2 © All rights reserved by Wurth Electronics, also in the event of industrial property rights. All rights of disposal such as copying and redistribution rights with us. www.we-online.com Simplifying 3.5 mm AUDIO

Apple lightning Thunderbolt ROBUST & VIDEO REVERSIBLE HDMI Proprietary connectors USB 3.0 Std-A mini HDMI INTERFACE VIDEO Proprietary connectors CHARGING

USB Std-A USB 1.0 – 2.5 W DisplayPort VIDEO USB Type-C

USB 3.1 – 15 W DC Barrel USB 3.2 100W USB4 REVERSIBLE USB Power Delivery 100 W Std-B USB Mini-B port ALTERNATE MODE USB Micro-B port USB 3.0 micro B USB 2.0 – 7.5 W

Date 02.26.2020 | embedded world 2020 | Public | Topic: USB Type-C A New Power Paradigm 3 © All rights reserved by Wurth Electronics, also in the event of industrial property rights. All rights of disposal such as copying and redistribution rights with us. www.we-online.com Standard connector?

Std-A (USB3.0)

Std-A mini-B Type-C

Connector Std-B Both ends micro-B micro-B (USB3.0)

5 V / 0.1 A 5 V / 0.15 A Power Power Power delivery delivery v1.0 delivery v2.0 v3.0 5 V / 0.5 A 5 V / 0.9 A 20V / 3A/5A 20V / 5A 20V / 5A Battery Charging Battery Charging DRP

Power v1.0 v1.2 PPS 5V / 1.5A 5V / 5A 5V / 3A 5V / 1.5A

Super Speed+ and Low Speed: 1.5 Mbit/s High Speed: 480 Mbit/s Super Speed: 5 Gbit/s Super Speed+: 10 Gbit/s Super Speed+: 20 Gbit/s Thunderbolt: 40 Gbit/s Full Speed: 12 Mbit/s

On-the-Go USB 3.0 Gen 1 USB 3.1 Gen 2 USB 3.2 Gen 2x2 USB4

USB 1.0 USB 1.1 USB 2.0 supplement 1.3 Data/Protocol 1996 1998 2000 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013 2015 2019

Date 02.26.2020 | embedded world 2020 | Public | Topic: USB Type-C A New Power Paradigm 4 4 © All rights reserved by Wurth Electronics, also in the event of industrial property rights. All rights of disposal such as copying and redistribution rights with us. www.we-online.com USB Type-C™ : one cable for all

More Thinner design Convenient 10x more robust mechanically than microB Same connector on both ends & reversible

More Up to 20 Gbps (USB 3.2) speed Up to 40 Gbps (USB4) USB type-C More Scalable (from 7.5W to 100W) & Bidirectional Power Power (Upstream & Downstream port)

More Protocols

More Video 8K – 60 ips v1.4 4K – 120 ips

Date 02.26.2020 | embedded world 2020 | Public | Topic: USB Type-C A New Power Paradigm 5 © All rights reserved by Wurth Electronics, also in the event of industrial property rights. All rights of disposal such as copying and redistribution rights with us. www.we-online.com What’s new

. There are four sets of differential pairs for data plus the original D+, D- pair . There are eight pins or power . Four new pins  CC1, CC2 – used to connect CC or VCONN in the cable – must support both functions  SBU1, SBU2 – used as lower speed signal wires for Alternate Mode only

CC VBUS GND GND

SBU SBU

D+D- VCONN

USB Type-C Cable Spec R2 Date 02.26.2020 | embedded world 2020 | Public | Topic: USB Type-C A New Power Paradigm 6 © All rights reserved by Wurth Electronics, also in the event of industrial property rights. All rights of disposal such as copying and redistribution rights with us. www.we-online.com Type C receptacle

Electrical Current Rating: A1, A12, B1, B12 – All connected together: 5 A A4, A9, B4, B9 – All connected together: 5 A A5, B5 : 1.25 A All other pins: 0.25 A Working voltage: 20 VDC Withstanding voltage: 100 VAC MIN Insulation resistance: > 1000 MΩ Contact resistance: 30 mΩ MAX

Mechanical: Insertion force: 5-8 N MAX Extraction force: 8-20 N MIN

Standard: UL certified: E323964 WR-COM 632723300011 TID listed

Date 02.26.2020 | embedded world 2020 | Public | Topic: USB Type-C A New Power Paradigm 7 © All rights reserved by Wurth Electronics, also in the event of industrial property rights. All rights of disposal such as copying and redistribution rights with us. www.we-online.com Power and data stream

. What’s the big deal? . USB Type-C can support both a power stream and a data stream at the same, independent of direction. . Both can be bi-directional

. Compatibility between brands AC . Longevity of connector . Large power range Data Power . Reduced charging times . Replace docking station for laptops

Date 02.26.2020 | embedded world 2020 | Public | Topic: USB Type-C A New Power Paradigm 8 © All rights reserved by Wurth Electronics, also in the event of industrial property rights. All rights of disposal such as copying and redistribution rights with us. www.we-online.com USB power – where are we?

Date 02.26.2020 | embedded world 2020 | Public | Topic: USB Type-C A New Power Paradigm 9 © All rights reserved by Wurth Electronics, also in the event of industrial property rights. All rights of disposal such as copying and redistribution rights with us. www.we-online.com Self protection – sources (DFP)

. DFP – Downstream Facing Port . Sources protect themselves . Shall not rely on power sinks for protection . Output over current protection . Over temperature protection . vSafe5V to vSafe5V connection . VBUS discharge at detach

. Source protection mechanisms are not expected to protect sinks

Date 02.26.2020 | embedded world 2020 | Public | Topic: USB Type-C A New Power Paradigm 10 © All rights reserved by Wurth Electronics, also in the event of industrial property rights. All rights of disposal such as copying and redistribution rights with us. www.we-online.com Self protection – sinks (UFP)

. UFP – Upstream Facing Port . Sinks protect themselves . Sinks shall not rely on power sources for protection . Input over voltage protection . Over temperature protection . VBUS discharge at detach

. Sinks protection mechanisms are not expected to protect sources

STMicro

Date 02.26.2020 | embedded world 2020 | Public | Topic: USB Type-C A New Power Paradigm 11 © All rights reserved by Wurth Electronics, also in the event of industrial property rights. All rights of disposal such as copying and redistribution rights with us. www.we-online.com USB Power Delivery 3.0

. Refers to a single wire protocol (on CC wire) . Unlocks advanced capabilities of the cable . PD messaging occurs independently of other data . Used for port to port and port to cable negotiation . Power roles, voltage levels, maximum supplying current capability, data roles and Alternate Modes

. All communications is over CC wire . The DFP is bus master and initiates all communications . Messages are 32-bit 4b/5b encoded Bi-phase mark coded (BMC) . 300 kBaud rate . CRC32 error detection + message retries Microchip UPD360 Block Diagram Part of 221 page datasheet

Date 02.26.2020 | embedded world 2020 | Public | Topic: USB Type-C A New Power Paradigm 12 © All rights reserved by Wurth Electronics, also in the event of industrial property rights. All rights of disposal such as copying and redistribution rights with us. www.we-online.com Default power delivery

. Default power without a controller . Source uses resistors on CC line to Type-C Source Type-C Cable Type-C Sink Data lines not shown advertise capability Rs V+ VBUS VBUS System power

Vdd VBUS Current Discharge on/off Sense V+ V+

Rp Rp

CC1 CC1 Logic & CC Logic & CC pin detection CC2 CC2 pin detection

Rd Rd=5.1k GND GND GND

Date 02.26.2020 | embedded world 2020 | Public | Topic: USB Type-C A New Power Paradigm 13 © All rights reserved by Wurth Electronics, also in the event of industrial property rights. All rights of disposal such as copying and redistribution rights with us. www.we-online.com Power delivery negotiation

. Allows for power configuration to be dynamically modified Type-C USB PD Source Type-C Cable Type-C USB PD Sink . Default 5 V on the VBUS can be Data lines not shown Rs V+ Voltage 5-20 V VBUS VBUS reconfigured to any level up to 20 V regulator System power . The maximum current supplying VBUS VBUS Current Discharge capability can be raised to 5 A with +5 V control on/off Sense electronically marked (e-marked) V+ V+ Rp Rp cable Logic & CC pin CC1 CC1 Logic & CC pin detection & PD CC2 CC2 detection & PD . The default roles can be communication communication

dynamically swapped at any time if Rd Rd=5.1k both ports support dual power GND GND GND function

Date 02.26.2020 | embedded world 2020 | Public | Topic: USB Type-C A New Power Paradigm 14 © All rights reserved by Wurth Electronics, also in the event of industrial property rights. All rights of disposal such as copying and redistribution rights with us. www.we-online.com Power rules

. To get more power from the same cable the voltage is increased . Standard cables are rated at 3 A . Only e-marked cables can go to 5 A . Other voltages can go to 5 A with e-marked cable if source is capable . Higher voltage sources must support all lower voltage configurations

Date 02.26.2020 | embedded world 2020 | Public | Topic: USB Type-C A New Power Paradigm 15 © All rights reserved by Wurth Electronics, also in the event of industrial property rights. All rights of disposal such as copying and redistribution rights with us. www.we-online.com E-marked cable

. Not all cables are the same Source Sink +5 V Type-C Cable with . The default cable is USB 2.0 speed with eMark IC a 3 A current capability V+ V+ Rp Rp . Cables that support USB 3.2 Gen 2 (10 CC wire Gbits/s) or higher for data and/or 5 A for CCin current delivery must be electronically VCON N1 VCON N2 Ra Ra 1k eMark IC 1k Rd Rd marked with an IC in one of the 5.1k 5.1k connectors . Cables uses a 1 kΩ pull down resistor on one CC line to identify its marked

Image from www.c.realme.com

Date 02.26.2020 | embedded world 2020 | Public | Topic: USB Type-C A New Power Paradigm 16 © All rights reserved by Wurth Electronics, also in the event of industrial property rights. All rights of disposal such as copying and redistribution rights with us. www.we-online.com Dual Role for Power (DRP)

. Devices can switch roles after connection at anytime . CC lines are toggled continuously Same port before a connection is made . DRP devices will recognize the toggling as DRP capable . A phone can be a two-way power device – sometimes charging, or sometimes delivering power . Not every laptop port may be DRP capable Replace picture – maybe add external disk drive and remove ac adapter - Drawing of toggling

Date 02.26.2020 | embedded world 2020 | Public | Topic: USB Type-C A New Power Paradigm 17 © All rights reserved by Wurth Electronics, also in the event of industrial property rights. All rights of disposal such as copying and redistribution rights with us. www.we-online.com Programmable Power Supply (PPS)

. A device can have any voltage between 3.3 and 21 V in fine increments (ie. 20 mV) . A device can have any current up to the maximum 3 or 5 A as a constant current source (nearest 50 mA) . As an example this allows the source to provide the idea battery charging profile . Could provide for a host of new applications as simple as LED lighting

Date 02.26.2020 | embedded world 2020 | Public | Topic: USB Type-C A New Power Paradigm 18 © All rights reserved by Wurth Electronics, also in the event of industrial property rights. All rights of disposal such as copying and redistribution rights with us. www.we-online.com Implementation

. Buck-boost converters can be used for DC-DC . Flyback converters for AC-DC to provide variable output and isolation . Specialized ICs integrate both the power controller and USB PD controller . Going from 60 W to 100 W means adding a PFC stage to an AC adapter which is more costly and increases size

Silicon Labs EFM8BB3 On-Semiconductor NCP81239 Buck-Boost Controller PD Controller Type-C Cypress EZ-PD CCG2 Type-C Cable Controller 60W Charger

Date 02.26.2020 | embedded world 2020 | Public | Topic: USB Type-C A New Power Paradigm 19 © All rights reserved by Wurth Electronics, also in the event of industrial property rights. All rights of disposal such as copying and redistribution rights with us. www.we-online.com Adjustable output voltage

STMicroelectronics STUSB4700 controller

Date 02.26.2020 | embedded world 2020 | Public | Topic: USB Type-C A New Power Paradigm 20 © All rights reserved by Wurth Electronics, also in the event of industrial property rights. All rights of disposal such as copying and redistribution rights with us. www.we-online.com Offline AC/DC Adapter

. Boost-Transition Mode PFC . Flyback-Active Clamp Isolated DC/DC . Synchronous Rectifier (SR) topology

TI TIDA-01622 60W USB-PD AC/DC TI TIDA-010047 100W USB-PD AC/DC

Date 02.26.2020 | embedded world 2020 | Public | Topic: USB Type-C A New Power Paradigm 21 © All rights reserved by Wurth Electronics, also in the event of industrial property rights. All rights of disposal such as copying and redistribution rights with us. www.we-online.com Development kit

100 W Source

100 W Sink

40 W Source

Date 02.26.2020 | embedded world 2020 | Public | Topic: USB Type-C A New Power Paradigm 22 © All rights reserved by Wurth Electronics, also in the event of industrial property rights. All rights of disposal such as copying and redistribution rights with us. www.we-online.com Power protection

. Because the pins are so close together the VBUS can short to the pins next during L1 L2 L3 A4 connector insertion/extraction A9 VBUS B4 . This is provided for in the IC current limit B9 . The power pins need ESD protection and

filtering C1 C2 D1 Connector A1 GND A12 . D1 – 20 V, 24 A Ipk (8/20 µs), 30 kV B1 B12 . L1, L3 – ferrite beads . L2 – Inductor

. C1, C2 – ceramic capacitor Component Description Electrical Parameters WE ordercode

C1, C2 Capacitor 4.7 µF, 25 V, X5R 885 012 107 018

L1, L3 SMD ferrite 100 Ω, 100 MHz, 8 A 742 792 261 01

L2 Inductor 1.2 µH, 5.8 A, 6 Ω 744 383 560 12

D1 TVS diode 20 V, 240 pF 824 045 810

Date 02.26.2020 | embedded world 2020 | Public | Topic: USB Type-C A New Power Paradigm 23 © All rights reserved by Wurth Electronics, also in the event of industrial property rights. All rights of disposal such as copying and redistribution rights with us. www.we-online.com USB Type C filter kits

60 W USB 3.1 829 310 60 100 W USB 3.1 829 311 00

Date 02.26.2020 | embedded world 2020 | Public | Topic: USB Type-C A New Power Paradigm © All rights reserved by Wurth Electronics, also in the event of industrial property rights. All rights of disposal such as copying and redistribution rights with us. www.we-online.com Typical USB 2.0 protection

. D1 – D5, VR1 are all in one +VCC

component – a TVS diode array D5

with very short connections and L4A low capacitance protecting the D+ D+ D data lines D1 3

L4 . Current compensated choke L4 D2 D attenuating high frequency noise Chassis 4 D- D- L4B

VR1

D_GND

Component Description Electrical Parameters WE ordercode Current

L4 compensated 90 Ω, 6 Ω, 370 mA 744232090 choke

D1-D5, VR1 TVS diode array 2.5 pF 82400102

Date 02.26.2020 | embedded world 2020 | Public | Topic: USB Type-C A New Power Paradigm 25 © All rights reserved by Wurth Electronics, also in the event of industrial property rights. All rights of disposal such as copying and redistribution rights with us. www.we-online.com Typical USB 3.0 protection

L1 L2

+VCC . L1, L2, C1 form a ‘T’ filter for the IC power C1

L3 D+ . D1 is one component with six diode pairs and a TVS diode array D- with very short connections and

low capacitance protecting the Controller

0 0 .

data lines 3 L4 SSRX+

. Current compensated choke L3 USB SSRX-

L5 attenuating high frequency noise SSTX+

on USB 2.0 data lines SSTX-

D_GND . Current compensated chokes L4,

L5 attenuating high frequency Component Description Electrical Parameters WE ordercode

noise on USB 3.0 data lines C1 Capacitor 680 nF, 16V, X7R 885 012 206 051

. Duplicate on other TX-RX pairs L1, L2 SMD ferrite 600 Ω, 100 MHz, 2 A 742 792 040

L3 Current compensated choke 90 Ω, 6 Ω, 370 mA 744 233 670

L4, L5 Current compensated choke 67 Ω, 6 Ω, 320 mA 744 232 090

D1 TVS diode array 2.5 pF 824 016 46

Date 02.26.2020 | embedded world 2020 | Public | Topic: USB Type-C A New Power Paradigm 26 © All rights reserved by Wurth Electronics, also in the event of industrial property rights. All rights of disposal such as copying and redistribution rights with us. www.we-online.com USB filter kits

USB 2.0 829 999 BAG USB 3.0 829 993 BAG

. USB Type-C® Technology  The future of USB technology  Supports scalable power and performance to future-proof your solution  Slim form factor to support evolving design trends  Backwards USB protocol compatibility  Suitable for all mobile device product designs, from phones and tablets to cameras and laptops . Please note the following:  USB Type-C® is not USB 3.2 or USB4  The USB Type-C cable and connector specification is a supplement to the USB 3.2 specification. These terms are not interchangeable.  USB Type-C is not USB Power Delivery  USB Power Delivery is a protocol/hardware solution that increases USB power capabilities up to 100W. If a product features USB Type-C® it does not necessarily support USB Power Delivery and/or USB 3.2 or USB4  Device manufacturers can choose to support USB Power Delivery and/or USB 3.2 performance but it is not required for USB Type-C products

Date 02.26.2020 | embedded world 2020 | Public | Topic: USB Type-C A New Power Paradigm 28 © All rights reserved by Wurth Electronics, also in the event of industrial property rights. All rights of disposal such as copying and redistribution rights with us. www.we-online.com Conclusion

. USB Type-C has the potential to be the first truly ‘universal cable’ for data and power for consumers . It has created a lot of confusion about which cable to buy – at least initially  Charging cables up to 3A are likely passive and only support USB 2.0 for data  Type-C USB 3.2 and higher cables are active (e-marked) and have full potential  Cables may not perform as expected if you buy the wrong one . Fortunately the ports are self protecting (or should be!) – both ways . The cables will be more expense but they are more durable and more flexible usage . It will reduce the number of cables and adapters we need  Reduce waste, parasitic power . Will allow for many new types of devices . Easier interoperability between devices, especially different brands

Date 02.26.2020 | embedded world 2020 | Public | Topic: USB Type-C A New Power Paradigm 29 © All rights reserved by Wurth Electronics, also in the event of industrial property rights. All rights of disposal such as copying and redistribution rights with us. www.we-online.com Thank you for watching!

George Slama, [email protected]

Date 02.26.2020 | embedded world 2020 | Public | Topic: USB Type-C A New Power Paradigm 30 © All rights reserved by Wurth Electronics, also in the event of industrial property rights. All rights of disposal such as copying and redistribution rights with us. www.we-online.com