Glottographic Measurement of Vocal Dysfunction
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Larynx Anatomy
LARYNX ANATOMY Elena Rizzo Riera R1 ORL HUSE INTRODUCTION v Odd and median organ v Infrahyoid region v Phonation, swallowing and breathing v Triangular pyramid v Postero- superior base àpharynx and hyoid bone v Bottom point àupper orifice of the trachea INTRODUCTION C4-C6 Tongue – trachea In women it is somewhat higher than in men. Male Female Length 44mm 36mm Transverse diameter 43mm 41mm Anteroposterior diameter 36mm 26mm SKELETAL STRUCTURE Framework: 11 cartilages linked by joints and fibroelastic structures 3 odd-and median cartilages: the thyroid, cricoid and epiglottis cartilages. 4 pair cartilages: corniculate cartilages of Santorini, the cuneiform cartilages of Wrisberg, the posterior sesamoid cartilages and arytenoid cartilages. Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles THYROID CARTILAGE Shield shaped cartilage Right and left vertical laminaà laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple) M:90º F: 120º Children: intrathyroid cartilage THYROID CARTILAGE Outer surface à oblique line Inner surface Superior border à superior thyroid notch Inferior border à inferior thyroid notch Superior horns à lateral thyrohyoid ligaments Inferior horns à cricothyroid articulation THYROID CARTILAGE The oblique line gives attachement to the following muscles: ¡ Thyrohyoid muscle ¡ Sternothyroid muscle ¡ Inferior constrictor muscle Ligaments attached to the thyroid cartilage ¡ Thyroepiglottic lig ¡ Vestibular lig ¡ Vocal lig CRICOID CARTILAGE Complete signet ring Anterior arch and posterior lamina Ridge and depressions Cricothyroid articulation -
How the Larynx (Voice Box) Works
How the Larynx (Voice Box) Works Charles R. Larson, PhD If you love opera, or if you admire the voices of pop singers such as Celine Dion or Barbra Streisand, you may have wondered how it is these marvelous singers are able to create such beautiful music with this instrument we call the human voice. You may also know of someone who has a bad voice or has had to have their voice box, or larynx, removed because of illness or injury. The larynx is a critical organ of human speech and singing, and it serves important biological functions as well. Let's have a look at the larynx to understand its functions, what it looks like and how it works. It is thought that the same factors that favored the evolution of air‐breathing animals on earth led to the evolution of the larynx. Lungs are comprised of very delicate tissues that must be maintained within strict biological limits, that is, temperature, humidity and freedom from foreign particles. Thus, along with the first air‐breathing animals, there appeared a primitive sort of larynx, whose one and only function was protection of the lung. This function remains the most important of those the larynx has assumed in subsequent evolutionary developments. Now, of course we recognize that the larynx is critical for human speech and singing. But we also should realize that the larynx is important for swallowing, coughing, vomiting and eliminating contents of the abdomen. If you have ever felt your 'Adam's Apple', then you know where the larynx is. -
Larynx 2017‐2018 Naaccr Webinar Series
NAACCR 2017-2018 Webinar Series 11/2/2017 COLLECTING CANCER DATA: LARYNX 2017‐2018 NAACCR WEBINAR SERIES Q&A • Please submit all questions concerning webinar content through the Q&A panel. • Reminder: • If you have participants watching this webinar at your site, please collect their names and emails. • We will be distributing a Q&A document in about one week. This document will fully answer questions asked during the webinar and will contain any corrections that we may discover after the webinar. 2 Larynx 1 NAACCR 2017-2018 Webinar Series 11/2/2017 Fabulous Prizes 3 AGENDA • Anatomy • Epi Moment • Quiz 1 • Staging • Treatment • Quiz 2 • Case Scenarios 4 Larynx 2 NAACCR 2017-2018 Webinar Series 11/2/2017 ANATOMY LARYNX 5 LARYNX ANATOMY • Voice Box • Passageway of air • Extends from C3 to C6 vertebrae 6 Larynx 3 NAACCR 2017-2018 Webinar Series 11/2/2017 LARYNX ANATOMY • Divided into 3 Sections • Supraglottis • area above vocal cords, contains epiglottis • arytenoids, aryepiglottic folds and false cords • Glottis • containing true vocal cords, anterior and posterior commissures • Subglottis • below the vocal cords 7 LARYNX ANATOMY • Epiglottis • Aryepiglottic Folds • Anterior and Posterior • False vocal cords Commissure • True vocal cords • Arytenoids 8 Larynx 4 NAACCR 2017-2018 Webinar Series 11/2/2017 LARYNX ANATOMY • Thyroid cartilage • Arytenoid cartilage • Adam’s apple • Influence position and tension of the • Thyrohyoid membrane vocal cords • Cricoid cartilage • Corniculate cartilage • Inferior wall of larynx • Horn shaped pieces located -
Epiglottis Reconstruction with Auricular Free Flap For
ISSN: 2572-4193 Bottini et al. J Otolaryngol Rhinol 2017, 3:032 DOI: 10.23937/2572-4193.1510032 Volume 3 | Issue 2 Journal of Open Access Otolaryngology and Rhinology CASE REPORT Epiglottis Reconstruction with Auricular Free Flap for Re- habilitation of Dysphagia: A Case Study Battista Bottini G1*, Brandtner C1, Rasp G2 and Gaggl A1 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital, Private Medical University Paracelsus, Austria 2Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, University Hospital, Private Medical University Paracelsus, Check for updates Austria *Corresponding author: Gian Battista Bottini, MD, DMD, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Uni- versity Hospital, Private Medical University Paracelsus, 48 Muellner Hauptstrasse, 5020 Salzburg, Austria, Tel: +43(0)57255-57230, Fax: +43(0)57255-26499, E-mail: [email protected] and requires a coordinated activity of nerves, muscles, Abstract the hyoid bone and the larynx [1]. The process can be Supraglottic laryngectomy for laryngeal cancer aims to remove divided in stages: oral pharyngeal and oesophageal [1]. cancer of the larynx whilst preserving its functions of airway protection, breathing and voice production. A well-known long- During the pharyngeal stage, the vocal cords adduct term complication of this procedure is aspiration. to seal the glottis and the arytenoid tilt forward to con- We present a case of a delayed epiglottis reconstruction tact the epiglottis base. with auricular free flap for surgical rehabilitation of dyspha- gia. Primarily the patient underwent supraglottic laryngecto- When the hyo-laryngeal complex is pulled in anterior my, bilateral neck dissection and radiotherapy. She had a and superior direction against the base of the tongue, permanent tracheostoma because of a complete paralysis the epiglottis, acting like a shield, tilts backwards and of the right vocal cord and a residual minimal mobility of the covers completely the glottis [1]. -
Medical Term for Throat
Medical Term For Throat Quintin splined aerially. Tobias griddles unfashionably. Unfuelled and ordinate Thorvald undervalues her spurges disroots or sneck acrobatically. Contact Us WebsiteEmail Terms any Use Medical Advice Disclaimer Privacy. The medical term for this disguise is called formication and it been quite common. How Much sun an Uvulectomy in office Cost on Me MDsave. The medical term for eardrum is tympanic membrane The direct ear is. Your throat includes your esophagus windpipe trachea voice box larynx tonsils and epiglottis. Burning mouth syndrome is the medical term for a sequence-lastingand sometimes very severeburning sensation in throat tongue lips gums palate or source over the. Globus sensation can sometimes called globus pharyngeus pharyngeus refers to the sock in medical terms It used to be called globus. Other medical afflictions associated with the pharynx include tonsillitis cancer. Neil Van Leeuwen Layton ENT Doctor Tanner Clinic. When we offer a throat medical conditions that this inflammation and cutlery, alcohol consumption for air that? Medical Terminology Anatomy and Physiology. Empiric treatment of the lining of the larynx and ask and throat cancer that can cause nasal cavity cancer risk of the term throat muscles. MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY. Throat then Head wrap neck cancers Cancer Research UK. Long term monitoring this exercise include regular examinations and. Long-term a frequent exposure to smoke damage cause persistent pharyngitis. Pharynx Greek throat cone-shaped passageway leading from another oral and. WHAT people EXPECT ON anything LONG-TERM BASIS AFTER A LARYNGECTOMY. Sensation and in one of causes to write the term for throat medical knowledge. The throat pharynx and larynx is white ring-like muscular tube that acts as the passageway for special food and prohibit It is located behind my nose close mouth and connects the form oral tongue and silk to the breathing passages trachea windpipe and lungs and the esophagus eating tube. -
Vocalist (Singer/Actor)
Vocalist (Singer/Actor) Practitioner 1. Timbre--the perceived sound quality of a musical note or tone that distinguishes different types of sounds from one another 2. Head Voice--a part of the vocal range in which sung notes cause the singer to perceive a vibratory sensation in his or her head 3. Chest Voice-- a part of the vocal range in which sung notes cause the singer to perceive a vibratory sensation in his or her chest 4. Middle Voice-- a part of the vocal range which exists between the head voice and chest voice in a female vocalist 5. Falseto Voice--a part of the vocal range the exist above the head voice in a male vocalist 6. Tessitura—the most musically acceptable and comfortable vocal range for a given singer 7. Modal Voice--the vocal register used most frequently in speech and singing; also known as the resonant mode of the vocal cords, it is the optimal combination of airflow and glottal tension that yields maximum vibration 8. Passaggio--the term used in classical singing to describe the transition between vocal registers (i.e. head voice, chest voice, etc.) 9. Belting—a specific technique of singing by which a singer brings his or her chest register above its natural break point at a loud volume; often described and felt as supported and sustained yelling 10. Melisma—a passage of multiple notes sung to one syllable of text 11. Riffs and Runs –melodic notes added by the singer to enhance the expression and emotional intensity of a song; a form of vocal embellishments during singing 12. -
The Larynx Prof
The Larynx Prof. Dr.Mohammed Hisham Al-Muhtaseb The Larynx • Extends from the middle of C3 vertebra till the level of the lower border of C6 • Continue as Trachea • Above it opens into the laryngo-pharynx • Suspended from the hyoid bone above and attached to the trachea below by membranes and ligaments Functions • 1. acts as an open valve in respiration • 2. Acts as a closed valve in deglutition • 3. Acts as a partially closed valve in the production of voice • 4. During cough it is first closed and then open suddenly to release compressed air Parts • 1. Cartilage • 2. Mucosa • 3. Ligaments • 4. Muscles Cartilage • A. Single : Epiglottis Cricoid Thyroid B. Pairs: Arytenoid Cuneiform Corniculate Cricoid cartilage • The most inferior of the laryngeal cartilages • Completely encircles the airway • Shaped like a 'signet ring' • Broad lamina of cricoid cartilage posterior • Much narrower arch of cricoid cartilage circling anteriorly. Cricoid cartilage • Posterior surface of the lamina has two oval depressions separated by a ridge • The esophagus is attached to the ridge • Depressions are for attachment of the posterior crico-arytenoid muscles. • Has two articular facets on each side • One facet is on the sloping superolateral surface and articulates with the base of an arytenoid cartilage; • The other facet is on the lateral surface near its base and is for articulation with the inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage Thyroid cartilage • The largest of the laryngeal cartilages • It is formed by a right and a left lamina • Widely separated posteriorly, -
English Is a Purely [Spread Glottis] Language
English is a purely [spread glottis] language Dániel Huber (Sorbonne Nouvelle, Paris 3, France) & Katalin Balogné Bérces (PPKE University, Piliscsaba, Hungary) Aims: to show that: the received view, that English has a phonological opposition between voiceless and voiced obstruents, is mistaken (spelling?? other (truly voice) languages??) the correct characterization of the opposition: aspirated ([spread glottis] – [sg] for short) vs. unaspirated using a privative [sg] feature not only for plosives, but fricatives, too London, 14-17 July 2009 ICLCE3 2 Aims: to account for: the “lack” of aspiration in tautosyllabic s+C[obs] the devoicing of the sonorant in both C[sg]+C[son] and s+C[son] the "devoicing" of non-intersonorant lenis stops "bidirectional voice assimilation" the identical distribution of plosive aspiration and the segment /h/ London, 14-17 July 2009 ICLCE3 3 Laryngeal systems one-way contrast two-way contrast + three/four-way contrast... London, 14-17 July 2009 ICLCE3 4 Two-way laryngeal contrast in obstruents: [voice] vs. [spread glottis] languages* ("laryngeal realism" – Honeybone 2005): in what follows: arguments that voice and aspiration ([sg]) are two totally different mechanisms defining the two types of system and incompatible within two-way systems * cf. Iverson & Salmons 1995 (and subsequent publications), etc. London, 14-17 July 2009 ICLCE3 5 Two totally different mechanisms voice totally inactive in [sg] languages (English, German, etc.): no assimilation! instead: "bidirectional devoicing": => nothing happens! -
States of the Glottis for Voiceless Plosives
STATES OF THE GLOTTIS FOR VOICELESS PLOSIVES Jimmy G. Harris University of Victoria, Canada ABSTRACT stricture and the voicing onset of the following vowel has been While the state of glottis of voiceless aspirated stops has been called Voice Onset Time (VOT). The results of the VOT studies well documented, the state of the glottis of voiceless unaspirated have added another important acoustic dimension to the study of stops has not. We have therefore concentrated on the states of the overlapping stricture release phase of oral stops and the glottis of voiceless unaspirated stops including glottal stop. stricture closing (or onset) phase of following voiced vowels. Breath and nil phonation are traditionally regarded as the The results concerning voiceless oral stops point to a direct phonation types of voicelessness. Catford has described both as correlation between the degree of opening of the glottis and the having a wide open glottis, but differing in airflow turbulence. amount of positive VOT lag. The wider open they are, the longer By contrast, stops made with either the glottis closed or no air the VOT lag. passing through it he termed ÒunphonatedÓ. We consider existing Our purpose in this article is to provide a more detailed and definitions of nil phonation, breath, and unphonated to be systematic description of the states of the glottis during the inappropriate for describing the state of the glottis during the closure phase of the articulatory strictures of voiceless articulatory stricture phase of voiceless unaspirated oral stops. unaspirated oral stops and glottal stop. We have mainly limited We describe that state of the glottis and propose the term our discussion to our fiberoptic laryngoscopy study of the states prephonation be used to refer to it. -
Comparative Anatomy of the Larynx and Related Structures
Research and Reviews Comparative Anatomy of the Larynx and Related Structures JMAJ 54(4): 241–247, 2011 Hideto SAIGUSA*1 Abstract Vocal impairment is a problem specific to humans that is not seen in other mammals. However, the internal structure of the human larynx does not have any morphological characteristics peculiar to humans, even com- pared to mammals or primates. The unique morphological features of the human larynx lie not in the internal structure of the larynx, but in the fact that the larynx, hyoid bone, and lower jawbone move apart together and are interlocked via the muscles, while pulled into a vertical position from the cranium. This positional relationship was formed because humans stand upright on two legs, breathe through the diaphragm (particularly indrawn breath) stably and with efficiency, and masticate efficiently using the lower jaw, formed by membranous ossification (a characteristic of mammals).This enables the lower jaw to exert a pull on the larynx through the hyoid bone and move freely up and down as well as regulate exhalations. The ultimate example of this is the singing voice. This can be readily understood from the human growth period as well. At the same time, unstable standing posture, breathing problems, and problems with mandibular movement can lead to vocal impairment. Key words Comparative anatomy, Larynx, Standing upright, Respiration, Lower jawbone Introduction vocal cord’s mucous membranes to wave tends to have a morphology that closely resembles that of Animals other than humans also use a wide humans, but the interior of the thyroarytenoid range of vocal communication methods, such as muscles—i.e., the vocal cord muscles—tend to be the frog’s croaking, the bird’s chirping, the wolf’s poorly developed in animals that do not vocalize howling, and the whale’s calls. -
Anatomy & Physiology of Speech
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF SPEECH The human body is highly adapted for speech. When we communicate using spoken language, we produce a wide range of sounds in a seemingly endless number of arrangements. So how do we go from streams of air to the sounds that make up words? Read on to find out! THE LUNGS, TRACHEA, AND DIAPHRAGM The words we speak start with air being exhaled from the lungs. During exhalation, the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax, causing air to leave the lungs. On its way out of the body, the air passes through the trachea, larynx, and pharynx before finally leaving through the oral or nasal cavity. DIAPHRAGM 2 EPIGLOTTIS HYOID BONE THE LARYNX The larynx is the uppermost airway of LARYNX the lower respiratory system. It sits on top of the trachea and is surrounded by a series of cartilages collectively referred to as the laryngeal skeleton. These cartilages are connected THYROID CARTILAGE by ligaments and moved by a variety of muscles. Though the airway remains open during breathing, the epiglottis closes off the entry to the larynx during swallowing in order to keep food and/or liquid from TRACHEA entering the trachea. 3 VESTIBULAR VOCALIS MANIPULATING FOLDS THYROARYTENOID VOCAL THE VOCAL FOLDS FOLDS The vocal folds (true vocal cords), stretch across the interior of the larynx. They enclose the vocal ligaments. Sound is produced when air coming up through the larynx causes the vocal folds to vibrate. This is called phonation. OBLIQUE The intrinsic muscles of the larynx alter ARYTENOID the quality and picth of the sound by manipulating the distance between and LATERAL tension of the vocal folds. -
Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancer Early Detection, Diagnosis, and Staging Detection and Diagnosis
cancer.org | 1.800.227.2345 Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancer Early Detection, Diagnosis, and Staging Detection and Diagnosis Finding cancer early often allows for more successful treatment options. Some early cancers may have signs and symptoms that can be noticed, but that's not always the case. ● Can Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancers Be Found Early? ● Signs and Symptoms of Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancers ● Tests for Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancers Stages and Outlook (Prognosis) After a cancer diagnosis, staging provides important information about the extent of cancer in the body and likely response to treatment. ● Laryngeal Cancer Stages ● Hypopharyngeal Cancer Stages ● Survival Rates for Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancers Questions to Ask About Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancer Here are some questions you can ask your cancer care team to help you better understand your cancer diagnosis and treatment options. ● Questions to Ask Your Doctor About Laryngeal or Hypopharyngeal Cancer 1 ____________________________________________________________________________________American Cancer Society cancer.org | 1.800.227.2345 Can Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancers Be Found Early? Screening is testing for cancer or pre-cancer in people who have no symptoms of the disease. Screening tests may find some types of cancer early, when treatment is most likely to be successful. For now, there is no screening test to find laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers early. These cancers are often hard to find and diagnose without complex tests. Because these cancers are not common, and the tests need specialized doctors, neither the American Cancer Society nor any other group recommends routine screening for these cancers. Sometimes though, laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers can be found early.