The Lakes and Fells – Wildlife of England's North West

The Lakes and Fells – Wildlife of England’s North West

Naturetrek Tour Report 20 – 23 June 2013

Lady’s Slipper Orchid Large Heath

Slow Worm White-faced Darter

Report and images compiled by David and Kate Morris

Naturetrek Cheriton Mill Cheriton Alresford Hampshire SO24 0NG England T: +44 (0)1962 733051 F: +44 (0)1962 736426 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk

Tour Report The Lakes and Fells – Wildlife of England’s North West

Tour Leaders: David Morris Naturetrek Ornithologist Kate Morris Naturetrek Mammalogist

Participants: Margaret Forster Nicolette Ilsley Dilys Gane Jason Reynolds Steve Gilliard Jennifer Spring-Smyth Jo Beattie

Day 1 Thursday 20th June

We started our holiday by meeting just after lunch at our comfortable hotel in Grange-over-Sands. Introductions and the programme for the trip complete, we moved on a couple of miles down the road to start our foray into the northwest’s wildlife at Roudsea Woods and Mosses National Nature Reserve. At the reserve we were greeted by Rob, the site manager for Natural England who had saved back the best of the previous nights moth catch especially for us to see. A good selection of species were in the trap including Lime and Poplar Hawkmoths, Lunar Thorn, Green Arches and the birch twig like Buff Tip, allowing us all to appreciate them at close range and get a few photos. On the adjacent bog, Cuckoo called, whilst Tree Pipits did their distinctive parachute flights onto nearby tree stumps.

We walked out into the raised mire via the board walk, noting Aspen, Pendulous Sedge and Common Toad in the woodland en-route before getting to grips with this rare habitat and the species it suppports. Dwarf shrubs including Heather, Cross-leaved Heath, Bog Rosemary and Billberry were common and we noted stands of Bog Myrtle, larval food plant of the rare Rosy Marsh Moth that occurs here at Roudsea. The fluffy heads of Common and Hare’s-tail Cotton Grass were much in evidence and between the tussocks grew Bog Asphodel and the carnivorous Round-leaved Sundew. Under a tin sheets close to the boardwalk we found a number of Slow Worms, but unfortunatly no Adder as we had hoped. On the edge of the bog in alkaline influenced conditions we found the rare Large Yellow Sedge, a species who’s entire UK population is confined to Roudsea, along with Herb Paris and Nuthatch. We walked through the varied woodland at Roudsea noting Marsh Tit, Tawny Owl and Royal Fern growing in Roudsea Tarn.

We finished off the afternoon by strolling through some of the extensive farmland around the reserve and walked towards the saltmarsh to gain a view down the Leven Estuary. The earlier light rain prevented any Small Pearl- bordered Fritillaries from flying, but we did find Lapwing, Curlew, Redshank and Oystercatcher using the meadows and pastures plus Linnet and Whitethroat in the hedgerows. At the estuary we noted Grasshoper Warbler, Little Egret, Shelduck and Greater Black-backed Gull. As the afternoon drew in we returned to our hotel for a delicious evening meal, pausing briefly to look at a suspiciously Osprey-like nest, spotted by Steve earlier in the afternoon.

The Lakes and Fells – Wildlife of England’s North West Tour Report

Day 2 Friday 21st June

With the early morning cloud lifting, a small group of us set off before breakfast to observe the large nest we had noted the day before. Our suspicions were confirmed when we found an Osprey perched nearby, demonstrating that this species is making a much needed recovery within Cumbria. Joining the rest of the group at the hotel and enjoying a fine breakfast together, we packed our sun cream and field guides before heading off to the opposite side of the Kent estuary to the Arnside and Silverdale AONB. Our first brief stop was at a superb little roadside verge near the village of Sandside where we found a good display of orchids, including Greater Butterfly, Common Spotted, Twayblade and Fly, along with other flora characteristic of the local area. Insect life was starting to move here finding Large White and Six-spot Burnet.

Moving a little further on into the AONB we arrived at RSPB Leighton Moss reserve where we observed the morning’s moth trap catch before heading out to explore the reserve for the morning. The reedbeds and meres were full of activity as peak-breeding season was in full swing for much of the inhabitants. Raucous colonies of Black-headed Gulls were outside many of the hides allowing us to see the nearly fledged young and both Sedge and Reed Warblers sang from the reedbeds. Several stunning Marsh Harriers put in appearances as they quartered the vast reedbeds and a Water Rail briefly squealed on the way to Grizedale hide. In front of the new Grizedale hide a herd of Red Deer were grazing amongst the wetland vegetation and on the pools we noted Gadwall, Shoveler, Wigeon and Great Crested Grebe. Lunch and locally made cakes were enjoyed in the Leighton Moss café before we decided to move on and re-jig the itinerary, in the face of Saturday’s weather forecast for rain, to make the most of butterflies in the area in the warm afternoon sun.

For our afternoon, we started off with a walk around Gait Barrows National Nature Reserve. Gait Barrows is a fantastic limestone grassland and woodland site with a rich diversity of plants and invertebrates. From the car park we followed a route through the ash, oak and yew woodland finding Stinking Hellebore, Broad-leaved Helleborine, Dingy Skipper and Yellow Meadow and Wood Ant colonies. During the afternoon we found a number of Small Pearl-bordered Fritillaries, but our target, the Duke of Burgundy, could not be located despite our guide finding them earlier in the week in this later than usual season.

As we headed out onto the limestone pavement we found specialities such as Angular Solomon’s Seal, Dropwort, Dark Red Helleborine, Lancaster Whitebeam, Limestone Oak Fern and Jacob’s Ladder, although the highlight of the plants that day was a group of Lady’s Slipper Orchids that were just finishing flowering. We continued further across the pavement to reach some floristic limestone meadows that were full of spring flowers, including Northern Marsh Orchid in the wetter parts, but due to the late season butterflies were poorly represented this year. Birds at Gait Barrows included Marsh Tit, Green Woodpecker and Bullfinch.

Our final outing for the day was a late afternoon stroll around Foulshaw Moss, closer to Grange and on the edge of the Lake District National Park. Here the afternoon sun brought displaying Tree Pipits and a good selection of dragonflies, including Emperor, Four-spotted Chaser, Broad-bodied Chaser and a male White-faced Darter. On the bog, Cranberry was in flower and we found more Slow Worms, Redpoll plus a few Large Heath Butterflies. We checked out another local Osprey nest but unfortunately there was little activity of note so we returned back to our hotel for another wonderful evening meal.

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The Lakes and Fells – Wildlife of England’s North West Tour Report

Day 3 Saturday 22nd June

With a dry but heavily clouded morning greeting us as predicted, we finished our breakfasts before going back to take advantage of the dry hides at Leighton Moss to weather out the mornings anticipated rain. We started the day at the Allan and Eric Morecambe pools, finding Kingfisher en-route to the car park and hearing Cetti’s Warbler in the scrub on the path to the saltmarsh. No sooner had we got into the newly refurbished hide than the rain came down, but this didn’t dampen our spirits with Black-tailed Godwit, Ringed Plover, Avocet, Redshank, Goosander and Little Egret to keep us distracted on the pools outside. With the showers passing, we left the hides and headed up to Warton Crag to find Peregrine at its nest and for the more adventurous botanists, Adders Tongue in the grassland at the top. Butterflies were naturally quiet in the damp, but the highlight for Jennifer came in the form of a day flying Chimney Sweeper moth that David caught for her, using his rain hood as an impromptu butterfly net.

With the weather brightening up, we headed on off for the Forest of Bowland AONB, noting the larval devastation of a group of Orchard Ermine moths on a Hawthorn hedge in the Lune Valley. We parked up outside the lovely village of Wray and went for a short walk into Outhwaite wood in the lower reaches of Roeburndale where our leader has been monitoring Pied Flycatchers and Redstarts in boxes for a few years. We quickly noticed the presence of our target bird with male and female Pied Flycatchers calling above us as they searched for caterpillars to feed their nest full of growing chicks.

With lunchtime fast upon us, we headed back down to Wray to enjoy lunch (and more homemade cakes!) in the village tearooms, before heading towards the Trough of Bowland, noting a family of Spotted Flycatchers outside the village. Our route took us through spectacular scenery and some lesser-known bits of the UK for many, observing some of the wilder more extensively managed parts of the Forest of Bowland AONB. The meadows and pastures in the north of the AONB support some of the highest numbers of breeding waders in England; with us finding Curlew, Lapwing, Redshank and Snipe all around us with their fluffy recently hatched chicks.

We drove on via the Jubilee Tower and its commanding views over the west to the Isle of Man and through the Trough of Bowland, where we had a couple of short walks in search of upland specialities. Grey Wagtail and Dipper were found on the river along with calling Common Sandpiper, Curlews called around us and we found groups of Siskin feeing in the trees and Common Buzzard circling above. This year has been another poor one for breeding raptors within the AONB so unfortunately we didn’t have any Hen Harrier to find, a sign that illegal persecution of this spectacular upland bird is having an effect in former core parts of its range such as Bowland. A couple of Brown Hares feeding in a nearby field increased the mammal count for the trip. With a successful day of dodging the early morning showers nearly over, we headed back to the hotel for our final evening meal of the trip.

Day 4 Sunday 23rd June

On our final day of the trip, some members of the group had a pre-breakfast walk around Humphrey Head finding Bloody Cranesbill, Hoary Rockrose and a pair of Peregrine, fixed stationary in the air above the cliff in the strong westerly breeze. After another filling breakfast we set off, first calling back to find the Ospreys from day one, before moving on to Latterbarrow, a lovely sheltered limestone grassland site managed by Cumbria Wildlife Trust. We walked around the paths at the reserves observing stunning displays of Ox-eye Daisy and Columbine along with spikes of Greater Butterfly and Common Spotted Orchids.

The Lakes and Fells – Wildlife of England’s North West Tour Report

Here we found another Lancaster Whitebeam and spikes of both Heath and Marsh Fragrant Orchids. Butterflies were naturally quiet given the overcast weather but we found Common Buzzard, Marsh Tit and Bullfinch, as well as plenty of Yellow Meadow Ant hills.

Before lunch we headed back over to Foulshaw Moss finding Raven, Osprey, Stonechat on the bird list and Large Heath and Common Heath moth to keep the invertebrate enthusiasts happy. Lunch was enjoyed at the cosy Strickland Arms where we indulged in a roast dinner and reminisced over the trip highlights.

Lunch over we headed back to Grange where we bid our farewells and thanks for an enjoyable long weekend exploring the wildlife of Morecambe Bay and the Forest of Bowland.

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The Lakes and Fells – Wildlife of England’s North West Tour Report

Species Lists

Birds ( = recorded but not counted; H = heard only) June Common name Scientific name 20 21 22 23 1 Mute Swan Cygnus olor 6 2 2 Greylag Goose Anser anser 30+ 3 Canada Goose Branta canadensis 20+ 4 Common Shelduck Tadorna tadorna 30 10 30 10 5 Gadwall Anas strepera 40 100+ 15 6 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos    7 Shoveler Anas clypeata 20 8 Wigeon Anas penelope 1 9 Teal Anas crecca 60 10 Pochard Aythya ferina 1 11 Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula 20+ 12 Goosander Mergus merganser 6 13 Red-legged Partridge Alectoris rufa H 3 14 Pheasant Phasianus colchicus     15 Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus 6 16 Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo 4 10+ 2 17 Little Egret Egretta garzetta 1 15+ 2 18 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea 4 3 19 Osprey Pandion haliaetus 1 20 Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus 4 1 21 Common Buzzard Buteo buteo 2 4 3 4 22 Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus 1 1 23 Peregrine Falco peregrinus 1 2 24 Moorhen Gallinula chloropus 20+ 3 25 Coot Fulica atra    26 Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus 30 10 80+ 27 Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta 15 28 Ringed Plover Charadrius hiaticula 2 29 Lapwing Vanellus vanellus 40 20 300+ 8 30 Snipe Gallinago gallinago 2 31 Curlew Numenius arquata 10 8 40+ 32 Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos H 33 Redshank Tringa totanus 2 20+ 34 Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa 3 35 Black-headed Gull Larus ridibundus 30 200+ 200+ 20 36 Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus 40 200 150 40 37 Great Black-backed Gull Larus marinus 4 10 1 38 Herring Gull Larus argentatus 5 20+ 6 39 Rock Dove / Feral Pigeon Columba livia 10 15+ 10 40 Stock Dove Columba oenas H 41 Wood Pigeon Columba palumbus     42 Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto  4 43 Cuckoo Cuculus canorus H 1 44 Tawny Owl Strix aluco H H 45 Common Swift Apus apus     46 Kingfisher Alcedo atthis 1 47 Great-spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopus major 2 H 1 H

The Lakes and Fells – Wildlife of England’s North West Tour Report

June Common name Scientific name 20 21 22 23 48 Green woodpecker Picus viridis   49 Skylark Alauda arvensis H 50 Sand Martin Riparia riparia 150+ 20 51 Swallow Hirundo rustica     52 House Martin Delichon urbica     53 Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis 3 3 3 54 Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis 1 1 20+ 6 55 Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea 5 56 Pied Wagtail Motacilla alba 2 8 2 57 Dipper Cinculus cinculus 1 58 Wren Troglodytes troglodytes H 3H H 4H 59 Dunnock Prunella modularis 4 6 4 2 60 European Robin Erithacus rubecula   8 12 61 Stonechat Saxicola torquata 1 2 62 Blackbird Turdus merula 10 15 10 10 63 Song Thrush Turdus philomelos 2 3 4 2 64 Mistle Thrush Turdus merula 1 1 3 1 65 Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus 2 5 H 66 Grasshopper Warbler Locustella naevia   67 Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus 15+ 1 68 Cetti's Warbler Cettia cetti 2H 69 Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla H H H H 70 Garden Warbler Sylvia borin H 71 Common Whitethroat Sylvia communis 3 72 Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita 4H 15H 10H 10H 73 Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus 6H 20H 15H 8H 74 Goldcrest Regulus regulus H 2 75 Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata 6 76 European Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca 2 77 Long-tailed Tit Aegithalso caudatus 20 6 78 Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus     79 Great Tit Parus major     80 Coal Tit Periparus ater 6 2 81 Marsh Tit Poecile palustris H H 1 H 82 Nuthatch Sitta europaea H 6 4 2 83 Treecreeper Certhia familiaris H 2H 84 Jay Garrulus glandarius 2 4 3 4 85 Magpie Pica pica 2 2 2 86 Jackdaw Corvus monedula     87 Rook Corvus frugilegus 1 40+ 88 Carrion Crow Corvus corone     89 Raven Corvus corax 2 4 3 90 Starling Sternus vulgaris 10 100+  91 House Sparrow Passer domesticus     92 Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs     93 Greenfinch Carduelis chloris 6 2 4 94 Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis 4 10 30 10 95 Siskin Carduelis spinus H 10 96 Linnet Carduelis cannabina 2 H 4 97 Lesser Redpoll Carduelis cabaret H 3 4 98 Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula   

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The Lakes and Fells – Wildlife of England’s North West Tour Report

June Common name Scientific name 20 21 22 23 99 Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus  20+ 6

Mammals

Fallow Deer Rabbit Brown Hare

Red Deer Grey Squirrel Bank Vole

Otter (spraint)

Herptiles

Slow Worm Common Lizard Common Toad

Common Frog

Butterflies

Large Skipper Small White Common blue

Speckled Wood Dingy Skipper Green-veined White

Large Heath Wall Brown Large White

Brimstone Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary Common Heath

Moths

Orchard Ermine (larvae) Lime Hawkmoth Scallop Shell

Pale Tussock Iron Prominent Marbled White Spot

Gold Spot Angle Shades White Ermine

Silver Ground Wave Chimney Sweeper Poplar Hawkmoth

Peppered Moth Map wing Swift Clouded buff

Clouded Bordered Brindle Rivulet Brimstone Moth

Green Arches Common White Wave Green Carpet

Buff Tip Green Silver Lines Buff Ermine

Beautiful Golden Y Spectacle Lunar Thorn

Coronet Grass Wave

Dragonflies

Emperor White-faced Darter Azure Damselfly

Broad-bodied Chaser Common Darter Blue-tailed Damselfly

Four-spotted Chaser Common Blue Damselfly Large Red Damselfly

The Lakes and Fells – Wildlife of England’s North West Tour Report

Other invertebrates

Green Tiger Beetle Cockchafer Oiceoptoma thoracicum

Plants Scientific Name Common Name LOCATION

PTERIDOPHYTES

Equisetaceae Horsetail Family Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail Damp grassland

Aspleniaceae Spleenwort Family Asplenium trichomanes ssp trichomanes Maidenhair Spleenwort Common on walls and rock outcrops Asplenum ceterach Rusty-back Fern Gait Barrows Asplenium scolopendrium Hartstongue Common on limestone pavement and woodlands Asplenium ruta-muraria Wall Rue Common on walls and rock outcrops

Osmundaceae Royal-fern Family Osmunda regalis Royal Fern Roudsea

Blechnaceae Hard-fern Family Blechnum spicant Hard-fern Roudsea and Roeburndale woodlands

Dennstaeditiaceae Bracken Family Pteridium aquilinum Bracken Common

Dryopteridaceae Buckler-fern Family Dryopteris affinis Scaly Male-fern Gait Barrows Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern Common, woodlands Dryopteris dilatata Broad Buckler Fern Limestone pavement, Gait Barrows Dryopteris submontana Rigid Buckler Fern Limestone pavement, Gait Barrows Polystichum aculeatum Hard Shield Fern Limestone pavement, Gait Barrows

Athyriaceae Athyrium Family Athyrium felix-femina Lady Fern Fairly common in woodlands

Ophioglossacae Adder's-tongue Fern Family Ophioglossum vulgatum Adder's Tongue Warton Crag

Cystopteridaceae Cystopteris Family Gymnocarpium robertianum Limestone Oak Fern Limestone pavement, Gait Barrows

Polypodiaceae Polypodium Family Polypodium vulgare Common Polypody Walls and rocks, Forest of Bowland

PINOPSIDA CONIFERS

Cupressaceae Juniper Family Juniperus communis Common Juniper Gait Barrows and Latterbarrow

Pinaceae Pine Family Pinus sylvestris Scot's Pine Common

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The Lakes and Fells – Wildlife of England’s North West Tour Report

Scientific Name Common Name LOCATION

Taxaceae Yew Family Taxus baccata Yew Common in woods on Limestone

DICOTYLEDONS

Apiaceae Carrot Family Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica Leighton Moss, Roudsea and Gait Barrows Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley Common Aegopodium podagraria Ground Elder Common Conopodium majus Pignut Latterbarrow, Humphry Head & Gait Barrows Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed Common Myrrhis odorata Sweet Cicely Occasional, roadsides Sanicula europaea Sanicle Roeburndale Woodlands

Aceraceae Acer Family Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore Common Acer campestre Field Maple Common

Aquifoliaceae Holly Family Ilex aquifolium Holly Common, woodlands

Araceae Arum Family Arum maculatum Lords and Ladies Common, woodlands

Araliaceae Ivy Family Hedera helix Ivy Common

Asteraceae Daisy Family Bellis perennis Daisy Common Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle Common, pastures Cirsium palustre Marsh Thistle Common Eupatorium cannabinum Hemp Agrimony Gait Barrows and Latterbarrow Leucanthemum vulgare Ox-eye Daisy Gait Barrows, Sandside and Latterbarrow Solidago virgaurea Goldenrod Gait Barrows

Betulaceae Birch Family Alnus glutinosa Alder Bowland, Roudsea, Leighton Moss Betula pubescens Downy Birch Roudsea Carpinus betulus Hornbeam Gait Barrows Corylus avellana Hazel Common, woodlands

Boraginaceae Borage Family Lithospermum officinale Common Gromwell Latterbarrow & Gait Barrows Myosotis arvensis Field Forget-me-not Common Symphytum officinale Common Comfrey Widespread

Brassicaceae Cabbage Family Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower Roudsea and Leighton Moss

Caprifoliacae Honeysuckle Family Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle Common, woodlands Sambucus nigra Elderberry Common Vibernum opulus Guelder Rose Gait Barrows

The Lakes and Fells – Wildlife of England’s North West Tour Report

Scientific Name Common Name LOCATION

Caryophyllaceae Pink Family Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear Common, grassland Lychnis flos-cuculi Ragged Robin Roudsea and Leighton Moss Silene vulgaris Bladder Campion Roudsea Silene dioica Red Campion Common

Celastraceae Spindle-Tree Family Euonymus europaeus Common Spindle Roudsea and Gait Barrows

Cistaceae Rock-rose Family Helianthemum numularium Common Rock-rose Latterbarrow, Humphry Head & Gait Barrows Helianthemum oelandicum Hoary Rock-rose Humphry Head

Clusiaceae St John's Wort Family Hypericum androsaemum Tutsan Gait Barrows and Latterbarrow Hypericum perforatum Perforate St. John's Wort Latterbarrow, Humphry Head & Gait Barrows

Droseraceae Sundew Family Drosera rotundifolia Round-leaved Sundew Roudsea and Foulshaw Moss

Ericaceae Heather Family Andromeda polifolia Bog Rosemary Roudsea and Foulshaw Moss Calluna vulgaris Heather Bowland, Roudsea and Foulshaw Moss Erica cinerea Bell Heather Humphry Head Erica tetralix Cross-leaved Heath Roudsea and Foulshaw Moss Vaccinium myrtillus Bilberry Bowland, Roudsea and Foulshaw Moss Vaccinium vitis-idaea Cowberry Bowland Vaccinium oxycoccos Cranberry Roudsea and Foulshaw Moss

Euphrbiceae Spurge Family Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury Common, woodlands

Fabaceae Pea Family Anthyllis vulneraria Kidney Vetch Latterbarrow, Humphry Head & Gait Barrows Cytisus scoparius Broom Bowland Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling Common Lotus coniculatus Birdsfoot Trefoil Latterbarrow, Humphry Head & Gait Barrows Medicago lupulina Black Medick Gait Barrows Trifolium pratense Red Clover Latterbarrow, Humphry Head & Gait Barrows Trifolium repens White Clover Common Ulex europaeus Gorse Bowland Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch Roudsea and Gait Barrows Vicia sativa Common Vetch Common, roadsides and grasslands

Fagaceae Beach Family Fagus sylvatica Beech Fairly common Quercus robur Pedunculate Oak Common Quercus petraea Sessile Oak Common

Geraniaceae Crane’s-bill Family Geranium molle Dovesfoot Cranesbill Gait Barrows Geranium pratense Meadow Crane's-bill Hedgerows and waysides Geranium robertianum Herb Robert Common

The Lakes and Fells – Wildlife of England’s North West Tour Report

Scientific Name Common Name LOCATION

Geranium sylvaticum Wood Crane's-bill Roudsea Geranium sanguineum Bloody Crane's-bill Gaitbarrows and Humphry Head

Lamiaceae Dead-nettle Family Ajuga reptans Common Bugle Gait Barrows, Leighton Moss and Roudsea Lamium album White Dead-nettle Latterbarrow and Gait Barrows Lamium purpureum Red Dead-nettle Latterbarrow Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort Roudsea Thymus polytrichus Wild Thyme Latterbarrow, Humphry Head & Gait Barrows

Lythraceae Purple Loosestrife Family Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife Roudsea and Leighton Moss

Myricaceae Bog-Myrtle Family Myrica gale Bog-Myrtle Roudsea and Foulshaw Moss

Oleaceae Olive Family Fraxinus excelsior Ash Common

Onagraceae Willowherb Family Chamerion angustifolium Rosebay Willowherb Common

Oxalidaceae Wood Sorrel Family Oxalis acetosella Wood Sorrel Common, woodlands

Papaveraceae Poppy Family Mecanopsis cambrica Welsh Poppy Common

Phrymaceae Mimulus Family Mimulusxrobertsii Hybrid Monkeyflower Langden valley

Plantaginaceae Plantain Family Plantago lanecolata Ribwort Plantain Common Plantago major Greater Plantain Common

Polemoniaceae Jacob's Ladder family Polemonium caeruleum Jacob's Ladder Gait Barrows

Polygonaceae Knotweed Family Persicaria bistorta Common Bistort Roadsides Rumex acetosella Sheep's Sorrel Bowland Rumex acetosa Sorrel Common Polygala vulgaris Common Milkwort Humphry Head

Primulaceae Primrose Family Primula veris Cowslip Common Primula vulgaris Primrose Common

Ranunculaceae Buttercup Family Anemone nemorosa Wood Anemone Common, woodlands Aquilegia vulgaris Columbine Latterbarrow, Roudsea & Gait Barrows Caltha palustris Marsh Marigold Roudsea and Leighton Moss Clematis vitalba Old Man's Beard Gait Barrows

The Lakes and Fells – Wildlife of England’s North West Tour Report

Scientific Name Common Name LOCATION

Helleborus foetidus Stinking Hellebore Gait Barrows Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup Roudsea and Gait Barrows Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup Roudsea Ranunculus ficaria Lesser Celandine Common, woodlands Thalictrum flavum Common Meadow-rue Roudsea and Leighton Moss

Rhamnaceae Rhamnus Family Rhamnus frangula Alder Buckthorn Roudsea Rhamnus cathartica Buckthorn Gait Barrows

Rosaceae Rose Family Alchemilla vulgaris agg Lady's-mantle group Gait Barrows, Roudsea and Latterbarrow Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn Common Filipendula ulmaria Meadow Sweet Roudsea and Leighton Moss Filipendula vulgaris Dropwort Latterbarrow, Humphry Head & Gait Barrows Fragaria vesca Wild Strawberry Gait Barrows, Roudsea and Latterbarrow Geum rivale Water Avens Roudsea and Leighton Moss Geum urbanum Wood Avens Common, woodlands Potentilla erecta Tormentil Roudsea Potentilla neumanniana Spring Cinquefoil Limestone pavement, Gate Barrows Prunus avium Wild Cherry Common Prunus padus Bird Cherry Roeburndale Woodlands Prunus spinosa Blackthorn Common Rubus fruticosus Bramble Common Rubus idaeus Raspberry Latterbarrow, Roudsea & Gait Barrows Rubus saxatilis Stone Bramble Gait Barrows Sanguisorba minor Salad Burnet Latterbarrow, Humphry Head & Gait Barrows Sanguisorba officinalis Great Burnet Latterbarrow Sorbus aucuparia Rowan Trough of Bowland Sorbus aria Common Whitebeam Common Sorbus lancastriensis Lancaster Whitebeam Gait Barrows and Latterbarrow

Rubiaceae Bedstraw Family Galium saxatile Heath Bedstraw Bowland Galium sterneri Limestone Bedstraw Gait Barrows Galium verum Lady's Bedstraw Latterbarrow, Humphry Head & Gait Barrows Galium odoratum Woodruff Common, woodlands Galium aparine Common Cleavers Common

Saliciaceae Willow Family Populus tremula Aspen Roudsea

Scrophulariaceae Figwort Family Digitalis purpurea Foxglove Common Erinus alpinus Fairy Foxglove Hotel walls Euphrasia nemorosa Eyebright Gaitbarrows and Humphry Head Pedicularis sylvatica Lousewort Roudsea and Foulshaw Moss Rhinanthus minor Yellow-rattle Gait Barrows and Latterbarrow Scrophularia nodosa Common Figwort Gait Barrows, Roudsea and Latterbarrow Veronica chamaedrys Germander Speedwell Roudsea Verbascum thapus Great Mullein Roudsea

The Lakes and Fells – Wildlife of England’s North West Tour Report

Scientific Name Common Name LOCATION

Solanaceae Nightshade Family Solanum dulcamara Woody Nightshade Roudsea

Tiliaceae Lime Family Tilia cordata Small-leaved Lime Roudsea

Typhaceae Bulrush Family Typha latifolia Bulrush Roudsea and Leighton Moss

Urticaceae Nettle Family Urtica dioica Common Nettle Common

Valerianaceae Valerian Family Valeriana dioica Marsh Valerian Roudsea and Leighton Moss Centhranthus ruber Red Valerian Walls, rocks, cliffs and banks

Violaceae Violet Family Viola hirta Hairy Violet Gait Barrows Viola riviniana Common Dog Violet Gait Barrows, Roudsea and Latterbarrow

MONOCOTYLEDONS

Cyperaceae Sedge Family Carex digitata Fingered Sedge Gait Barrows Carex paniculata Greater Tussock Sedge Roudsea and Leighton Moss Carex pendula Pendulous Sedge Roudsea and Leighton Moss Carex nigra Common Sedge Bowland Carex remota Remote Sedge Roudsea Carex flava Large Yellow Sedge Roudsea Eriophorum angustifolium Common Cottongrass Roudsea and Foulshaw Moss Eriophorum vaginiatum Hare's-tail Cottongrass Roudsea and Foulshaw Moss Trichophorum germanicum Deer Grass Roudsea

Iridaceae Iris Family Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris Leighton Moss and Roudsea

Juncaceae Rush Family Juncus effusus Soft Rush Common, damp meadows, woods and grasslands

Liliaceae Lily Family Allium ursinum Ramsons Common, woodlands Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell Common, woodlands Paris quadrifolia Herb Paris Gait Barrows and Roudsea Polygonatum odoratum Angular Solomon's Seal Limestone pavement, Gate Barrows Convallaria majalis Lily of the Valley Gait Barrows Narthecium ossifragum Bog Asphodel Roudsea and Foulshaw Moss

Orchidaceae Orchid Family Cypripedium calceolus Lady's Slipper Gait Barrows Dactylorhiza fuschii Common Spotted-orchid Common Dactylorhiza purpurella Northern Marsh-orchid Gait Barrows Epipactis atrorubens Dark Red Helleborine Gait Barrows

The Lakes and Fells – Wildlife of England’s North West Tour Report

Scientific Name Common Name LOCATION

Epipactis heleborine Broad-leaved Helleborine Gait Barrows Gymnadenia densiflora Marsh Fragrant Orchid Latterbarrow Gymnadenia borealis Heath Fragrant Orchid Latterbarrow Listera ovata Common Twayblade Sandside Ophrys insectifera Fly Orchid Gait Barrows, Sandside and Latterbarrow Orchis mascula Early Purple Orchid Gait Barrows, Roudsea and Latterbarrow Platanthera chlorantha Greater Butterfly Orchid Gait Barrows, Sandside and Latterbarrow

Poaceae Grass Family Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal Grass Gait Barrows Briza media Quaking Grass Gait Barrows Cynosorus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail Latterbarrow Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot Roudsea Molinia cearulea Purple Moor-grass Bowland Nardus stricta Mat-grass Bowland Phragmites australis Common Reed Roudsea and Leighton Moss Sesleria caerulea Blue Moor-grass Gait Barrows