Annual National Dental Research Meeting Colombian Association of Dental SchoolsACFO Colombian Sectión International Association for Dental Research Meeting

FORMAT OF SUMMARY IN ENGLISH

Universidad Autónoma de Manizales Colombia del 27 al 29 de Septiembre de 2007 Consejo de Decanos

Doctor Gabriel Jaime Cadavid Velásquez Facultad de Odontología- Instituto Ciencias de la Salud-C.E.S

Doctor Carlos Mario Uribe Soto Facultad de Odontología. Universidad de Antioquia

Doctor Jorge Eduardo Restrepo Peláez Facultad de Odontología. Universidad Autónoma de Manizales

Doctor Jorge Enrique Soto Franco Escuela de Odontología. Universidad del Valle

Doctora Luisa Leonor Arévalo Tovar Facultad de Odontología. Universidad de Cartagena

Doctor Mario Maldonado Sánchez Facultad de Odontología. Universidad Metropolitana

Doctor Alejandro Zapata Barreto Facultad de Odontología. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana

Doctora Carmenza Macias Colegio Odontológico Colombiano

Doctora Maria Clara Rangel Galvis Facultad de Odontología. Universidad El Bosque

Doctor Oscar Armado Hormiga León Facultad de Odontología. Fundación Universitaria San Martín

Doctora Maria Clemencia Rodríguez Gachaná Facultad de Odontología. Universidad Nacional

Doctor Carlos Emiro Tasama Facultad de Odontología. Universidad Santiago de Cali

Doctora Martha Liliana Rincón Rodríguez Facultad de Odontología. Universidad Santo Tomás de Bucaramanga

Doctora Maria José Villalobos Castro Facultad de Odontología. Universidad Antonio Nariño

Doctor Gabriel Mejía Arroyo Facultad de Odontología. Universidad del Magdalena

Doctora Claudia Mejía López Facultad de Odontología. Fundación Universitaria San Martín-Puerto Colombia Doctor Victor Hugo Villota Alvarado Facultad de Odontología- Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia - Pasto

Doctora Pilar Patricia Mesa Ochoa Facultad de Odontología- Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia - Envigado

Doctor José Alberto Acosta Rueda Facultad de Odontología- Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia - Villavicencio

Doctor Mario Serrato Huertas Facultad de Odontología- Universidad del Sinú - Monteria

Doctora Gloria Elena Pérez Trespalacios Facultad de Odontología- Universidad del Sinú - Cartagena Consejo de Administrativo Consejo de Administrativo Dr. Carlos Mario Uribe S. Presidente

Dr. Victor Hugo Villota A. Vicepresidente

Dra. Gladis Azucena Núñez Directora Ejecutiva

Dra. Sonia Constanza Concha S. Directora División de Investigación

Dra Sofía Jacome L. Directora División de Educación

Lina Maria Garcia Z. Directora División de Servicios

Jefes de Investigación

Sandra González C. Instituto Ciencias de la Salud-CES-

Ángela Segura Universidad de Antioquia

Liliana Maria Duque R. Universidad Autónoma de Manizales

Adriana Jaramillo Universidad del Valle

Antonio Díaz C. Universidad de Cartagena

Soraya Malkún P. Universidad Metropolitana

Sandra Gutiérrez P. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana

Conrado Adolfo Gómez V. Colegio Odontológico Colombiano Gloria Inês Lafaurie V. Universidad El Bosque Jeannette Alexandra Martínez G. Fundación Universitaria San Martín

Rosalba Medina A. Universidad Nacional

Maria del Pilar Rodríguez S. Corporación Universitaria del Sinú- Montería

Farith Gonzales M. Corporación Universitaria del Sinú- Cartagena

Diana Milena Estupiñán Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia- Villavicencio

John Alexis Domínguez Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia-Pasto

Diana P. Cuesta C. Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia- Envigado

José David Ruan A. Universidad Santiago de Cali

Sonia Constanza Concha S. Universidad Santo Tomás-Bucaramanga

Luz Adriana Echeverry A. Universidad Antonio Nariño

Luis Armando Vila S. Universidad del Magdalena

Wulfran Morón Fundación Universitaria San Martín- Puerto Colombia Editora Sonia Constanza Concha Sánchez

Corrección de estilo- Español Ciro Antonio Rozo Gauta

Corrección de estilo- Inglés Departamento de Idiomas Universidad Santo Tomas

Diseño y Diagramación Xlogam (Ilustración y diseño) [email protected]

ISSN 1900 - 3749

9 771900 374003 Es permitida la reproducción total o parcial de esta obra citando la fuente y el autor con fines educativos, siempre que se realice sin fines de lucro directos o indirectos Contenido Paguinas

1 Basic Ciences ANAEROBIC MICRORGANISMS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC APICAL PERIODONTITIS FROM EXTERNAL CONSULTATION OF 3 1 ODONTOLOGIC CLINIC IN CARTAGENA UNIVERSITY. CARTAGENA DE INDIAS COLOMBIA. Arroyo Bárbara1 , Esmeral Clara 2 , Díaz Claudia 2 , Mendoza Ketty 2 , Puello M., 1 Jacobo Ramos 2 , Arzuza Octavio1 .

2 IN VITRO EFFECTS OF LOW INTENSITY LASER RADIATION ON 3 Works PERIODONTAL FIBROBLASTS Angie Clarkson Paredes. Rodrigo López Aldana. Ángela Domínguez Camacho

IL-6 AND IL-8 PRODUCTION BY HUMAN GINGIVAL FIBROBLASTS 44 3 EXPOSED TO BACTERIAL EXTRACTS FROM AGGREGATIBACTER ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS AND ITS MUTANT FOR CYTOLETHAL DISTENDING TOXIN GENE CDTABC. Octavio Alberto González1 , Joseph DiRienzo2 , Casey Chen3 , Nelly Stella Roa1* , Claudia Marcela Valdivieso1 , Freddy Omar Gamboa1 .

4 CHANGES IN OLIGOADENYLATE SYNTHETASE 1A AND 1B EXPRESSION IN TRIGEMINAL GANGLIA CULTURES INFECTED BY 4 HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 1 Lina María Marín Gallón, Jeanette Prada-Arismendy, Jaime Eduardo Castellanos

5 PHENOTYPICAL MODIFICATION OF MESENCHYMAL PRECURSOR STEM CELLS DERIVED FROM HUMAN UMBILICAL CORD BY IN 5 VITRO TREATMENT WITH TGF Â1. J. C. Munévar, A. Becerra, L. P. Acosta, J. Castellanos, G. Lafaurie. Instituto U.i.b.o. Division De Investigaciones. Universidad El Bosque

6 ASSOCIATION SALIVARY PROTEINS WITH DENTAL CARIES IN A COLOMBIAN POPULATION 5 Nelly Stella Roa *, Margarita Chaves, Mariluz Gómez, Lorenza Jaramillo.

2 Epidemiology 6

7 THE HABITS IN THE USE OF TOOTHPASTE OF SCHOLAR STUDENTS 7 MINORS OF 6 YEARS OLD IN A PRIVATE SCHOOL, A DISTRICT SCHOOL OF CHIA AND PATIENTS WHO ATTEND TO C.O.C. Astrid Arias, Farire Hernandez, Esperanza Sotelo, Paola Cano. 8 RE-EMERGING OF DENTAL CARIES IN ADOLESCENTS OF MEDELLIN, COLOMBIA. 7 Ángela María Franco Cortés, Angela María Gómez-Restrepo, Isabel Cristina Guzmán-Zuluaga, Carlos Martín Ardila-Medina, Lucas Duque, Carol Osorno. 9 EFFECTS OF HEALTH PROMOTION AT THE SCHOOL: CURRENT SITUATION OF THE INDICATORS. 5- TO 13 YEAR-OLD SCHOOLCHILDREN. MEDELLÍN 8 Ángela María Franco Cortés, Emilia María Ochoa Acosta, Blanca Susana Ramírez Puerta, Ángela María Segura Cardona, Ricardo Tamayo Lopera, Carolina García Sánchez.

10 URINARY FLUORIDE EXCRETION IN 4-6 YEAR-OLD CHILDREN IN 8 SABOYA, COLOMBIA Luis Fernando Gamboa*1, Claudia Marcela Valdivieso1, Fabian Gil2, and Jaime Casas3 Contenido Paguinas 1

11 RELATION BETWEEN CARIES AND RICKS FACTORS IN CHILDREN 9 BELONGING TO 5 HOMES OF THE FAMILY WELFARE IN CARTAGENA. *González, Farith, **Luna Luz Maida, ***Martínez, Nasly, ***Solana Maria Yolanda Works 12 THE FLUORIDE CONTENT OF BEVERAGES OF FREQUENT 9 COMSUMPTION IN CHILDREN OF AGE SUSCEPTIBLE TO DENTAL FLUOROSIS Diego Andrés López*, Ángela María Franco, Jeisson Javier Estrada, Jonathan Andrés Zapata.

13 INFLUENCE OF MOTOR FINE SKILLS ON ORAL HYGIENE IN 6-10 10 YEAR OLD CHILDREN. Mafla-Chamorro AC, Vallejo-Arteaga TY, Rosero-Casanova CA, Cepeda-Mueses SM, Ruano-Flórez YC, Bravo-Arévalo YC.

ORAL DEMONSTRATIONS IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH HIV AIDS 14 10 AMBULATORY ATTENTION CENTER OF BOSQUE CLINIC SAN JUAN DE DIOS FROM CARTAGENA DE INDIAS JUNE 2006 APRIL 2007 Marsiglia, Liliana. Luna, Elida. Martínez, Adel. González, Farith

15 PREVALENCE OF MANDIBULARY AND PALATINUS TORUS IN 11 PATIENT THAT ASSISTED TO THE CLINIC ODONTOLOGY OF THE UNIVERSITARY OF CARTAGENA FROM 1995 - 2004 Investigador principal Edwin Puello del Río, Coinvestigadores Docente María del Carmen Jiménez Malagón, Coinvestigadores estudiantes Laurenth Esther Hernández Bolívar, Jorge Marrugo José Luis Narváez.

16 TOTAL DENTAL PROSTHESIS PREVALENCE IN THIRD AGE GROUPS 11 FROM CALI CITY, COLOMBIA Manuel Sendoya, Nicolas Imbachi, Tatiana Arias, Jaime Bedoya, Carlos Piedrahita, Juan Pablo Garcia, Andres Felipe Aguirre, Maria Teresa Calzada 3 Endodontcs 12

17 COMPARISON OF THE WASTE FOR UNIT OF VOLUME OF PREPARED FEIGNED CONDUITS WITH MANUAL AND ROTATIONAL 13 INSTRUMENTS. AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL Patricia Avellaneda, Fredrik Erhadt, Jorge Gomez, Cesar Hernandez

18 IN VITRO EVALUATION OF THE ACCURACY OF ELECTRONIC APEX LOCATORS: ROOT ZX®, FORAMATRON D10® Y BINGO1020. Maria Carolina Barreto Botero, Lilian Andrea Guzman Rodriguez, Sandra Patricia 13 Rojas Carvajal, Diana Milena Sarmiento Jaller, Sonia Lancheros Bonilla, Gloria Cristina Moreno Abello

19 DIMENSIONAL STABILITY OF SEALER TOP SEAL® AND REAL 14 SEAL®. Sandra Bibiana Camargo Rivera, Javier Fernando Gutiérrez Barreto, Shirley Rocio Ortegón Castellanos, Sandra Liliana Rojas Losada, Juan Manuel Bretón, Gloria Cristina Moreno Abello Contenido Paguinas

201 DETERMINATION OF AGREEMENT BETWEEN TWO METHODS FOR THE EVALUATION OF RADIOPACITY OF DENTAL MATERIALS: RADIOVISIOGRAPH AND PHOTODENSITOMETER 14 Castaño-Alzate Juliana. Regalado-Cabrales Luís Miguel, Niño Javier, Forero Jorge, Tamayo Martha C., Bautista Gloria

21 HEAT TRANSFER ARCHIVIED BY GATES GLIDDEN 3 DRILL IN ROOT 15 CANALS OBLITE USING AN IN VITRO MODEL OF FINITE ELEMENTS.

Works Gustavo Adolfo Castillo Barrios, Juan Felipe Recio Blanco, Sandra Liliana Rojas Losada, Gloria Cristina Moreno Abello

22 LAS NUEVAS TECNOLOGIAS Y SU APLICACIÓN EN LA ENDODONCIA 15 MODERNA ( ESTADO DEL ARTE) Carolina Giraldo G, *Gloria Astrid Rey Z., *Diana Tenjo B., **Dr. Jorge Reynolds, Dr. Jaime Donado, **Dra. Mari luz Gómez, **Dra. Maria Eugenia Tovar, **Dr. Jaime Aldana.

23 CYTOTOXIC EVALUATION OF INTRACANAL MEDICATION IN 16 HUMAN CULTURED FIBROBLASTS * Lage-Marques José Luiz, Cabrales Ricardo, Beloti Marina, Miyagui Sueli, Yamazaki Andréa, Kleine Brigida Monica, Moura-Netto Casio, Marques Márcia, Prokopowitsch Igor.

24 DIFFUSION OF ION CALCIUM IN THE DENTINA OF FIVE VEHICLES 16 ASSOCIATED TO THE HYDROXIDE OF CALCIUM Paola Martinez, Carolina Rozo

25 THE INFLUENCE OF THE SIZE OF THE PREPARATION OF THE 17 APICAL SEAL OF MESIAL ROOTS, OF INFERIOR MOLARS Pedro Pablo Mejía Fernández, Erika Hernández Alvarado, Diana Martínez González, Soraya Malkún Pallares

DIFFUSION OF THE ION CALCIUM TO INCLINATION OF THE 26 DENTINA USING FIVE VEHICLES ASSOCIATED TO THE MIXED 17 HYDROXIDE OF CALCIUM WITH ANTIBIOTIC AND CORTICOID Yuri Suarez, Julian Savogal

INVITRO COMPARATIVE STUDY OF APICAL MICROFILTRATION, 27 USING THREE TYPES OF CEMENTS: OXIDO DE ZINC – EUGENOL, 18 GROSSMAN, Y ROEKOSEAL, EVANLUATED BY AN ELECTROCHEMICAL METHOD IN 2007 Palmet. O Sara, Velásquez. J Erlinda, Flórez G. Astrid Gómez D. Paola, González M. Farith

MICROFILTRACION APICAL OF TWO TECHNICAL OF 28 OBTURATION: (GUTTAFLOW®), (AND & Q Plus®) IN TEETH 18 UNIRRADICULARES UNDER THE ESTEREOMICROSCOPIO Adriana Villegas, Maria Eugenia Plata, Betsy Alarcón, Carlos Pinzón Contenido Paguinas 1 Orthodontics, Orthopedic, Growth And Development 4 19

29 PREVALENCE OF CHRONOLOGICAL ERUPTION ALTERATION OF 20 THE PERMANENT TEETH IN INFANT PATIENT FROM 5 TO 13 YEARS OLD, THAT ATTEND AT “JUAN MANUEL MÉNDEZ BECHARA” DENTISTRY CLINIC BETWEEN 2001 - 2006 Works Lisney Andrade Peñata, Nelly Arboleda Licona, Lina Páez Soto, María Tordecilla Pérez, Dra. Celina Patiño, Dra. María del Pilar Rodríguez

ANALYSIS OF THE SUBREGISTRY OF DECAY WITH dmf-t AND 20 30 ICDAS IN CHILDREN OF 1 To 5 YEARS OF THE CITY OF SANTIAGO OF CALI IN 2006 Maria Cristina Arango, Lorena Galvis, Natalia García, Adriana Jaramillo, Bibiana Pazos.

31 EVALUATION OF STABILITY OF MINI IMPLANTS AS BONY 21 ANCHORAGE FOR UPPER MOLAR INTRUSION Jorge Alberto Arismendi Echavarría, Zandra Milena Ocampo Aristizábal, Claudia Marcela Morales Botero, Francisco Jaime González Castaño, Pedro María Jaramillo Vallejo, Luis Alejandro Sánchez Uribe.

32 SHEAR BOND STRENGTH TITANIUM BRACES VS, STAINLESS 21 STEAL BRACES IN TORQUE MOMENTES , A COMPARATIVE STUDY Juan Fernando Aristizabal *, Carlos Andrés Marín**; Sergio Andrés Velásquez **

33 RELACIÓN DE LAS MALOCLUSIONES CON EL TAMAÑO Y 22 ANGULACIÓN DE LA BASE CRANEAL BOLAÑO Claudia*, Residente postgrado Ortodoncia FUSM, PLAZA Patricia**, Directora postgrado Ortodoncia FUSM, RUNCI Paola*** Docente postgrado Ortodoncia FUSM

34 SHAPE AND NUMBER PREVALENCE ALTERATIONS IN INFANT 22 PATIENTS AT “JUAN MANUEL MENDEZ BECHARA” DENTISTRY CLINIC, BETWEEN 2000- 2007-1. Cely Cecília Carriazo Diaz, Julieth De la ossa Hoyos, Yuly Paulina Flórez Oviedo, Maria Paola López Sierra, Dra. Celina Patiño, Dra. María del Pilar Rodríguez

35 PREDICTOR CAPACITY PETROVIC'S METHOD FOR PATIENTS WITH 23 CLASS III MALOCCLUSIONS EVALUATED THROUGH MULTIVARIATED METHODS Natalia Carrillo Mendigaño, Clementina Infante Contreras

36 DESIGN AND TO EVALUATE METH OF ANALYSIS PREDICTION 23 DISCREPANCY OSEODENTARIE IN MIXED TEETHING William Hernandez Escamilla, Amparo Balseca De Rodriguez, Gustavo Barros Bermudez, Claudia Roman

PILOT STUDY ON THE MUSCULAR EFFECTS PRODUCED BY THE 37 24 PLANAS DIRECT TRACKS ADAPTATION IN PATIENT WITH DEEP BITE BETWEEN THE 3 AND THE 5 YEARS OF AGE Jesús Alberto Hernández, Sandra Ximena Echeverry, Carlos De Los Reyes Contenido Paguinas 1 EFFECTIVENESS IN THE PREDICTION OF MESIODISTAL DENTAL 38 SIZE APPLYING THE MOYERS AND TANAKA-JOHNSTON ANALYSIS 24 IN PATIENTS IN TREATMENT IN THE ORTHODONTIC CLINIC OF THE UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION SAN MARTÍN COLOMBIA PORT Maritza Manotas Noriega, Clara Bustos Parra

39 ECTOPIC ERUPTION OF THE FIRST PERMANENT MOLAR IN THE 25 UPPER JAW Works Jackeline Mulett Vásquez, Hernán Parra Sánchez. Collaborators students: Hernán Restrepo, Catalina Pinzón, Laura Cristina Cifuentes, Alirio Osorio

“EFFECT OF THE RIGID OCLUSAL SPLINT ON THE GROWTH OF THE 40 MAXILLARY ARCH AND BRUXISM SIGNS IN CHILDREN WITH 25 DECIDUOS DENTITION”. PILOT STUDY. Isabel Cristina Patiño Restrepo, Claudia Cecilia Restrepo Serna, Isabel Cristina Medina Alzate, Gabriel Jaime Gallego Ramírez, Emery Álvarez Varela, Alejandro Peláez Vargas.

41 HERITABILITY OF CRANEOFACIAL CHARACTERISTIC IN CLASS II 26 DIVISION 1 MALOCLUSSIÓN, EVALUATED BETWEEN PARENTS AND OFFSPRING AND AMONG SIBLINGS. A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY Antonia Rosero Lasso, Clementina Infante Contreras, Humberto Arboleda Granados

42 EVALUATION OF DIMENSIONAL VARIATIONS OF SLOT HEIGHTS 26 OF NEW BRACKETS. Sarria Mª Fernanda, Tamayo Ángela, Pardo Marco A. Tamayo Martha, Mora Ingrid, Bautista Gloria

EFECTOS DEL RECICLADO Y USO CLINICO EN LAS PROPIEDADES 43 DE CARGA – DEFLEXION DE LAS ALEACIONES DE ALAMBRES DE 27 NIQUEL –TITANIO. ESTUDIO IN VIVO. Sarria Mª Fernanda, Tamayo Ángela, Pardo Marco A. Tamayo Martha, Mora Ingrid, Bautista Gloria

44 DESIGN OF A MODEL OF UTILITY OF THE HEAD OF THE 27 MINI-IMPLANTS FOR ORTHODONTIC Paula Vanegas, Griselda Serna, Nuria Vergel, Lina Mariño, Nidia Cuartas

Pathology, Oral Medicine And Surgery, 28 5 Radiologys, Oclussion And Tmj

EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES IN CHILDREN FROM 1 TO 5 YEARS OF 45 THE “INSTITUTO COLOMBIANO DE BIENESTAR FAMILIAR” IN 29 CALI. 2006 María Cristina Arango, Adriana Jaramillo, José Julián Cadena, Mary Luz Mazuera

FACTORS ASSOCIATE THAT MAKE DIFFICULT THE EXODONCIAS OF 46 THIRD MOLARES, THE TEST PILOT 29 Yenny Carolina Becerra, Claudia Nataly Porras, Karen Lisbeth Mejia, Leidy Andrea Ruiz, .Lorena Sánchez, Lizney Jiménez. Contenido Paguinas 1 PRESENCE OF CANDIDA SPP. IN CHILDREN WHO ATTEND DENTAL 47 CLINICS OF THE UNIVERSITY ANTONIO NARIÑO DURING THE 30 FIRST SEMESTER OF 2006, BOGOTÁ Bohórquez A, Sonia del Pilar.; Campuzano F. Silvia E., Gallón N. Julián F.; Sánchez G. Yolanda. Works

48 COMPARISION OF LABIAL TOPOGRAPHY AMONG FAMILIAR 30 GROUPS USING THE CHEILOSCOPY METHOD. Andrés Felipe Cadavid Toro, Diana Carolina Arango Botero, Rosaura Márquez Sáenz, Luz Nallyve Lopera Meneses, Paula Andrea Pérez Quintero, Mauricio Molano Osorio, Diana Paola Cuesta Castro

ASOCIATION BETWEEN A DICREASE OF SALIVARY FLUID AND 49 XEROSTOMIA HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RENAL 31 DEFICIENCY Dra. Sandra M. Espitia Nieto. Estomatóloga y Cirujana Oral Docente. Universidad del Magdalena, Dr. Luís del Castillo Parodi Médico. Internista- Nefrólogo. Docente Universidad del Magdalena, Belfran A. Carbonell Medina, Ana P. Morelo Villarreal, Milytza J. Pacheco Salcedo, Estudiantes De Odontología, Décimo Semestre

50 REVERSIBILITY OF THE MANDIBULAR RIGOR MORTIS THROUGH 31 SODIUM BICARBONATE IN HUMANS. Jose manuel fernandez chaves, Paola rocío hernández toloza, Maria mercedes tovar, Isabel riveros, Gloria Cristina moreno abello

THE PRESENCE OF THE VHH-8 IN KAPOSI´S SARCOMA IN 51 PATIENTS HIV POSITIVE OF THE ESE SIMON BOLIVAR HOSPITAL 32 OF BOGOTA Diana Carolina Grajales, Nelson Hernán Ramírez, Yuri Andrea Peña.

52 MANDIBULAR MORPHOLOGY PREDICTION THROUGH NEURAL 32 NETWORKS: FORENSIC APPLICATIONS Guevara Pérez Sonia Victoria, Infante Contreras Clementina

53 RAPID PROTOTYPING OF CRANIOFACIAL STRUCTURES: 33 CASE REPORT Juan Felipe Isaza Saldarriaga, Rafael Mauricio Naranjo Pizano, Uriel Zapata Múnera

54 HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINES USEFUL IN THE TREATMENT OF STOMATOGNATIC SYSTEM DISEASES. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 33 Sandra Lucía Patiño N., Maria Consuelo Suarez M., Andrea Monroy Diaz Contenido Paguinas 1 55 BEHAVIOR IN VITRO OF THE DENTAL TISSUES AND SOME DENTAL MATERIALS SUBJECTED TO HIGH TEMPERATURES WITH 34 FORENSIC PURPOSE Sandra Milena Moreno Corea, Miguel Evelio León Arcila, Liliana Marín Jiménez, Freddy Moreno Gómez

QUEILOSOFT – LABIAL PRINTS 34

Works 56 Efraín Patiño B., Ingrid Mora , Alfonso Casas , Jonathan Patiño R.

57 EFFECT OF THE PHYSICAL THERAPY ON THE SIGNS DE BRUXIST THE POSITION OF THE HEAD IN CHILDREN 35 Yasmy Quintero Moncada, Claudia Cecilia Restrepo Serna, Martha Tamayo, Verónica Tamayo, Gabriel Gallego, Alejandro Peláez, Ana Lucia Vélez, Emery Alvarez.

58 CROSS BITE AND PLAIN FOOT María. Raquel Tobón, Lina Arana, Cristian F. Castillo, Libia Soto Llanos, 35 José Fernando Barreto

6 Pedagogy And Curriculum 36

EVALUATION OF COMMUNITARIAN AREA III-IV-V-VI OF THE 59 SCHOOL OF DENTISTRY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VALLE 37 Astrid Lucia Alarcón Tálaga, Giovanni Beltrán, Francisca Bustamante, Diego Fernando Diaz, Marcela Domínguez. Diana Hernandez, Erika Marín.

DOCUMENTARY AND AUDIOVISUAL PRODUCTION ABOUT THE 60 EVOLUTION OF THE ODONTOLOGY DEPARTAMENT OF UNIVERSIDAD METROPOLITANA. 37 Buelvas Karem, Celin Santiago Julie, López Elizabeth, Valdeblanquez Carmela, De la Asunción Uriel, De la Cruz Camilo, González Javier, Múnera Alejandro, Peláez Yaneth, Numa Jesús David, Tellez Paola, Visbal Dairo., Dra. Malkún Soraya (Asesora Científica), Dr. De la Cruz Alfredo (Asesor Científico), Dr. Turizo Maritza (Asesora Metodológica).

61 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE COMPETITIONS READ WRITE OF THE 38 STUDENTS OF FACULTY OF ODONTOLOGY OF PONTIFICIA UNIVERSITY JAVERIANA Andrea Cubillos Albarracin**, Claudia Patricia Rivero***

OBSERVATION OF PEDAGOGIC PRACTICES IN PEDIATRIC 62 ODONTOLOGY IN THE DENTALL FACULTY OF UNIVERSIDAD 38 NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA Diego Luis Esquivel Campo And Gloria González Castro

INTERACTIVE GUIDE: DIAGNOSIS PROCESS OF THE DENTITION 63 39 STATUS - UNIVERSIDAD EL BOSQUE. Martignon S, Yee-Yan KL*, Tamayo M. Contenido Paguinas 1 “MICROCOSMOS” JOURNAL: A SUCCESSFUL EXPERIENCE IN THE 64 EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES OF THE STUDENTS OF DENTISTRY OF 39 EL BOSQUE UNIVERSITY Mayorga-Fayad I , Lafaurie Gi, Castillo Dm, Aya R, Ruiz Bn, Hurtado P

MODEL OF PROFILE OF THE EDUCATIONAL ONE OF THE CAREER 40 65 OF DENTISTRY OF THE PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD JAVERIANA. Liliana Johanna Ossa Quebrada, Claudia Patricia Rivero Marquez Works

DENTAL CARIES IN EL SALVADOR, FIRST CRITICAL ANALYSIS 40 66 ABOUT CARIES PREVALENCE AND ORAL HEALTH POLICIES FROM BIOPSICOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE. Néstor, Rojas, Ingrid Mora y Camilo Duque

7 Periodontic 41

67 INCREASE OF THE ASSOCIATION OF THE SMOKE HABIT AND THE BAD ORAL HYGIENE WITH PERIODONTAL DISEASE IN PATIENTS 42 WHO GO TO DENTAL CONSULTATION TO SANTO TOMAS UNIVERSITY José Duvian Angulo, Luís Carlos Márquez, Martha Xiomara Navas, Luz Elena Archila

68 TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS (TLRS), PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES 42 AND C REACTIVE PROTEIN LEVELS IN PERIODONTITI'S PATIENTS Ana Cárdenas, Edwin Oviedo, Arthur Vallejo, David Naizir, Juliette De Avila, Consuelo Romero, Gloria Lafaurie.

69 EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF CLORHEXIDINE ON PROLIFERATION AND APOPTOTIC MORPHOLOGY ON HUMAN 43 GINGIVAL FIBROBLASTS IN VITRO Octavio Alberto González Duque, Adriana Acosta Gómez, Germán Darío Díaz, Adriana García Robayo, Sandra Perdomo Lara, Andrés Felipe Vieira, Siu Leng Chan Con, Silvia Odio Toledo

CLINICAL AND MICROBIOLOGIC CHANGES IN LOW INCOME 70 43 PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS AFTER PERIODONTAL THERAPY WITH HAND INSTRUMENTATION WITH OR WITHOUT ULTRASOUND Cerón-Souza V, Mafla-Chamorro AC, Mideros-Erazo LA, Tovar-Viveros RF, Muñoz-Caicedo KJ, Flórez-Noguera JC, Moncayo-Jurado CE.

8 Prosthodontic And Dental Material 44

71 MECHANICAL EVALUATION OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL 45 CONECTION IN IMPLANTS OF TITANIUM. Jorge Alberto Arismendi Echavarría, Luz Amparo Loaiza Valderrama, Diego Hernan Giraldo Contenido Paguinas 1 COMPARATIVE INVITRO STUDY THE RESISTANCE OF THREE 72 LUTING MATERIALS USING FIBER GLASS POST SUBJECTED TO 45 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH. Roberto Ariza Hadad, Marelvi Camargo Castro, Hanny Hoayeck Petro, Karem Vargas Capell.

IN VITRO EVALUATION OF MICROFILTRATION OF TWO ETCHING 73 46 TECHNIQUES: TOTAL ETCHING AND SELF-ETCHING IN Works PREMOLARS WITH CLASS II PREPARATIONS WITH BEVEL ON ENAMEL - 2 COMMERCIAL DISTRIBUTORS Ballutt Diana, Holguín Laura Rodríguez Sandra , Tamara María Fernanda, Manrique Juan Pablo, Tamayo Martha C. Bautista Gloria

74 ENAMEL ALTERATIONS OF LIGHT-ACTIVATED HYDROGEN AND 46 CARBAMIDE PEROXIDE: POST-TREATMENT HANDLING WITH FLUORIDE. Adriana Cabrera Carvajal, Melissa David Trujillo, Luisa Fernanda Pacheco Muñoz, Ana Cecilia Suarez Álvarez, Herney Garzón Rayo. 47 75 BIOLELECTRICITY LEVELS IN DENTAL AMALGAM FILLINGS TOOTH Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia Seccional Pasto

ESTUDIO DE LA FUERZA TENSIL Y RESISTENCIA COMPRESIVA DE 76 ADHESIVOS CON NANOTECNOLOGÍA 47 Claudia Patricia Duarte G,*Julia Clemencia Echeverri B, *Luz Maria Echeverri A., *Fernando Pava L, *Juan David Peláez, *Guillermo Pinilla S.,**Jorge Reynolds P, **Edgar Guiza C.**, María Eugenia Tovar** Jaime Aldana..

77 WAICH: HANDSFREE TONGUE RETRACTOR 48 Jose manuel fernandez chaves, Viviana lea waich

78 PENETRATION OF DIFFERENT ADHESIVES IN WHITE SPOT 48 PROXIMAL CARIES LESIONS: IN VITRO STUDY Martignon S, Zarta OL, Luna LE, Huertas MC, Zuluaga AL

79 42-MONTH RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF SEALING EARLY 49 ACTIVE PROXIMAL CARIES LESIONS Martignon Sa.; Ekstrand Kb.; Blanco Ea.

EVALUATION OF THE STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR OF AN 80 IMPLANT-SUPPORTED FIXED PROSTHETIC RESTORATION BY 49 MEANS OF A FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS. Rafael M Naranjo Pizano, M.M.S. , Juliana Muñoz Yepes, B.S, Santiago A Correa Velez, Ph.D,

81 SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF SIX RESIN CEMENT SYSTEMS TO 50 DENTIN in vitro Calvo Ramírez J.N.*, Sánchez Herrera E**, Buitrago Delgado E**. Contenido Paguinas 1 82 EFFECTIVENESS OF THE LASER ARGON, OF V-LED AND THE HALOGENOUS LIGHT AS CATALYSTS OF TWO AGENTS OF DENTAL 50 BLEACHING. -STUDY IN-VITRO César Fernando Sánchez Villa / Maria Clara Posada García / Julián David Gaviria G. / Isabel Cristina Serna G. / Luis Felipe Restrepo T. / Claudia Patricia García G. / Alejandro Peláez V. Odontólogo. / Gabriel Jaime Gallego R. Works 83 ACID ON THE DENTAL ENAMEL. Pilot Study Laura Rocio Sarmiento Bejarano, Luz Mireya Daza Pulido 51

84 COMPARACION DE FUERZAS TORSIONALES PURAS DE CUATRO 51 TIPOS DE POSTES CEMENTADOS CON CEMENTO RESINOSO *Lidis Marina Torres, Jaime Alfredo Daza. **Doctor Edgar Güiza

ESTUDIO IN VITRO DEL SISTEMA ADHESIVO A BASE DE 85 IONÓMERO DE VIDRIO MODIFICADO CON RESINA USADO EN 52 RESTAURACIONES DE IONÓMERO DE VIDRIO Y COMPUESTOS DE RESINA. 1Juan Carlos Dorado, 1 Juan Manuel Rico, 1 Patricia Uribe Vargas. 1, Juan Carlos Vergel. 2

53 9 Health And Society

86 KNOWLEDGE AND HEALTH PERCEPTIONS OF THE ELDERLY WHO 54 ASIST TO USTA CLINICS, QUALITY OF LIFE FACTORS INFLUENCE 2006 Gloria Cristina Aranzazu Moya, Herman Boada, Carmen alodia Martinez lopez, María Mónica Uribe LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE THAT HAVE THE BASIC PRIMARY AND 87 HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE 54 INSTITUTIONS OF BUCARAMANGA, SANTAMARTA AND RIOHACHA BEFORE AND LATER OF THE INTRODUCTION OF AN EDUCATIONAL MATERIAL ABOUT OF AVULSED TOOTH Carolina Paola Brito Sánchez, Mónica Janeth Garnica Vera. Martha Liliana Rincón Rodríguez. Jaime Omar Moreno Monsalve.

88 MODIFICATION IN THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE OF ORAL HEALTH 55 IN THE PATIENTS WITH CRONIC RENAIL INSUFFICIENCY IN THE HEMODIALISYS PROGRAM AND THE EQUIPMENT OF HEALTH OF UNIT RENAL "FUNDACION FANNY RAMIREZ DE MEJIA" IN CARTAGENA, USING THE APPLICATION OF A PROTOCOL OF ESTOMATOLOGIC HANDLING OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CARTAGENA. Carmona M; Carbonell z; Pinzón D; Daza P; Velez E.

89 DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF A PROGRAM OF PROMOTION OF 55 THE HEALTH AND PREVENTION OF THE ORAL DISEASE DIRECTED TO THE INFANTILE COMMUNITY OF THE “FUNDACIÓN FORMEMOS”. Francy Yamile Cetina Hernández, Clara Patricia Acuña Ramos Contenido Paguinas 1 EVALUATION OF THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ORAL CONDITIONS 90 WITH QUALITY OF LIFE IN THE OLDEST WHOM LIVED IN ELDERLY 56 INSTITUTION OF BUCARAMANGA: TWO PHASE Sonia Constanza Concha

SKELETAL AND DENTAL CHANGES IN INDIVIDUALS THROUGH 91 LATERAL CEPHALOGRAMS OBTAINED ONLY AFTER THE USE OF 56 THE SPLINT-TYPE HERBST APPLIANCES IN CLASS II DIVISION 1 Works MALOCCLUSIONS Cuartas Luisa, Espinosa Alexander, Carvajal Wilson, Moncayo, Carmen, Bonilla Jorge

92 THE IMPACT OF ORAL HEALTH EDUCATION ON A SCHOLAR 57 POPULATION FROM THE INFANTILE VILLAGE SOS, IN FLORIDABLANCA, SANTANDER BY DETERMINING THE ORAL HYGIENE AND GINGIVAL INDEX Lucy Forero Orejarena, Emma Solangel Reyes Cruz, Martha Juliana Rodríguez G.

PERCEPTION OF PEOPLE WITH HIV/AIDS ABOUT THE DENTAL 58 93 TREATMENT THEY RECEIVE. Carolina García Sánchez, Julieth P Sierra Gallego, A Yessenia Vidal Quintero, Diana M Contreras González, Eliana Martínez Herrera

PARTICIPATORY ACTION INVESTIGATION IN ORAL HEALTH IN 94 THE COMMUNITY OF NELSON MANDELA CARTAGENA- COLOMBIA. 58 *González, Farith.** Carmona Luis, ***Arrieta, Carlos. Campo, Paula. Mondol, Ronal. Tamara, Jeiver. Vergara, Adalberto

CLINICAL FINDINGS IN HEAD AND NECK FROM WOMEN VICTIM OF VIOLENCE REPORTED TO THE LEGAL MEDICINE NATIONAL 59 95 INSTITUTE AND FORENSIC SCIENCES AT NARIÑO DEPARTMENT – COLOMBIA 2006. Martinez Corso German, Salas Zambrano Andres, Hernandez Zambrano Alvaro, Mafla Chamorro Ana, Domínguez John Alexis

KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES TO PREVENT CROSSED INFECTIONS 96 59 IN THE SCHOOL OF DENTISTRY - UNIVALLE Dubier Albeiro Mena Huertas, Jamerson Alfonso Valencia Rodríguez, Benjamín Alberto Palomino Blandón

97 MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE BASED ON THREE-DIMENSIONAL 60 ANIMATIONS REPRESENTING AN INSTRUCTIVE OF MBT (MCLAUGHLINBENNETTTREVISI) ORTHODONTIC TECHNIQUE Muñoz Jose, Mejia Diego A, Ortiz Andrés

60 98 EFFECTS OF ORAL HEALTH PROMOTION AT SCHOOL: MEANINGS, EXPERIENCES, AND PRACTICES OF THE HEALTH OF THE MOUTH ILLNESS SURROUNDINGS. Emilia María Ochoa Acosta, Angela María Franco Cortés, Blanca Susana Ramírez Puerta Contenido Paguinas

1 NIVEL DE CONOCIMIENTO, MANEJO LEGAL Y CLÍNICO DEL 99 MALTRATO INFANTIL EN LOS ODONTÓLOGOS ADSCRITOS DE LA ESE HOSPITAL LOCAL CARTAGENA DE INDIAS 2006-2007 61 *Gloria Alexandra Ospino Pinto , *Elisama Esther Cohen Cumplido, *Ivan Alfonso Velasco Cumplido, **Gloria Perez Trespalacios, ***Farith Gonzales

100 VARIATION OF THE PH TO SALIVATE BEFORE AND AFTER THE 61

Works CONSUMPTION OF DRINKS MOISTURIZERS Sebastian Quintero, Yindy Angarita, Edwin Ortiz, Fredy Sarmietno, Diego Sierra

101 ORAL HEALTH PREVENTIVE PROGRAMA TO CONTROL CARIES AND 62 PERIDONTAL DISEASES RISK FACTORS IN PREGNANT Claudia Milena Riveros Alejo, Martha Juliana Rodríguez Gómez

PROGRAM OF EDUCATION IN APPLIED ORAL HEALTH TO AN UNIT 102 OF MATERNAL 62 Diana Carolina Rodríguez Orjuela, Jahir Andrés Ruíz López, Johanna Andrea Bonilla Rodríguez, Leidy Johanna Lugo Mesa, Sonia Yanibe Rodríguez Salamanca, Wilmer Liborio López Mora, Xiomara Herrera Roa.

EVALUATION OF THE PROGRAM OF QUALIFICATION TO 103 EDUCATIONAL LEADERS IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE ORAL HEALTH OF THE PRESCHOOL POPULATION OF 63 SABANETA – ANTIOQUIA, 2006. Diana Maritza Torres Cardona, Carol Natalia Tamayo López, Mauricio Arias Merino, Maria Cristina Giraldo Zuluaga, Sandra González Ariza

104 HEALTH SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS GUIDING THE LIFE 63 EXPERIENCE OF SOME YOUTH GROUPS IN THE CITY OF MANIZALES, COLOMBIA María del Carmen Vergara Quintero

10 Social Securety and Social Services 64

LABOR RISK WHICH ARE EXPOSED THE TEACHERS AND 105 64 DENTISTRY STUDENTS FROM SIXTH TO TENTH SEMESTER FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF SINU AT THE CLINIC CARTAGENA DE INDIAS 2007 Pacheco, Y. *Puello, L. **Quintero, I. ***González, F., Estudiantes de X Semestre de Odontología Universidad del Sinú, Docente de salud ocupacional Escuela de Medicina Universidad del Sinú, Docente de Investigaciones Escuela de Odontología Universidad del Sinú.

106 LOST HEARING INDUCED BY NOISE EVALUATED IN EDUCATIONAL 65 DENTIST IN THE DENTAL CLINICS IN SANTO TOMÁS UNIVERSITY Yinna LIzzeth Rivera Becerra., Sonia Constanza Concha S, Sandra Juliana Rueda Editorial Editorial Editorial

a Asociación Colombiana de Facultades de Odontología-ACFO-, es una organización de naturaleza académica y científica, que promueve los vínculos Lentre las diferentes facultades de odontología y con entidades nacionales e internacionales; tiene como uno de sus principales propósitos apoyar el desarrollo investigativo de las diferentes facultades.

El Encuentro Nacional de Investigación Odontológica se constituye en el mejor espacio para que este objetivo se cumpla. Pues permite la socialización de los resultados del trabajo investigativo dentro de la comunidad académica y profesional, promueve la discusión con los pares, favorece la Identificación de la fortalezas y debilidades que cada facultad puede registrar y crea espacios que fomentan el dialogo con el propósito de promover el trabajo colaborativo.

Cada año el Encuentro es realizado por una de las facultades vinculadas a la asociación. En la XVIII versión de este encuentro, Manizales-La ciudad de las puertas abiertas- ha sido la responsable de acoger a las veintiuna facultades que, en este momento, integran a la ACFO y de crear espacios que favorecen el cumplimiento de los objetivos propuestos para este evento. En este marco se desarrolla además, la Segunda Reunión de la Internacional Association for Dental Research-IADR-, División Colombia. La asociación y particularmente, la División de Investigación son concientes de la importancia y las implicaciones que se tienen al liderar procesos que promuevan la internacionalización de la investigación y este año en particular con la visita de al Coordinador Regional de la División del Brasil Dr. José Luis Lage-Marques este propósito se hace evidente.

Es importante anotar el significado que este año tiene para la División de Investigación la realización del III Encuentro de la Red SIF-ACFO, actividad organizada con el ánimo de promover un espacio de formación para la investigación en aras de realizar investigación formativa que brinde a los actores, en este caso estudiantes y profesores, la oportunidad fortalecer su actitud investigativa y unir fuerzas en beneficio de la salud oral de los colombianos.

Este espacio es de vital importancia ya que permite, fortalecer la acción en red y la socialización de los procesos investigativos que los estudiantes participes de Semilleros han desarrollado, con la finalidad de retroalimentar su propio proceso y adoptar una posición crítica frente al papel de la investigación en la formación universitaria.

En el marco del XVIII Encuentro de Investigación se darán a conocer los ganadores del concurso COLGATE del presente año; constituyéndose este, en un espacio adicional que fortalece y promueve la investigación de los jóvenes investigadores. Es importante resaltar el constante e invaluable apoyo que la empresa COLGATE ha brindado a la asociación para la realización de este evento. Por esto, considero oportuno agradecer a los directivos de la empresa COLGATE por todo su apoyo con el fin de fortalecer la investigación y su desarrollo en las diferentes facultades de nuestro país.

Por otra parte, sería injusto cerrar este aparte, sin agradecer a la Universidad Autónoma de Manizales por su cálida acogida e incansable trabajo en la organización de este encuentro; sus esfuerzos hacen posible que todos nosotros podamos reunirnos y compartir con entusiasmo los procesos investigativos desarrollados.

Gracias a Manizales, y Gracias a COLGATE por su apoyo

SONIA CONSTANZA CONCHA SÁNCHEZ Directora División de Investigación ACFO

1 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia 1 Basic Ciences

2 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia ANAEROBIC MICRORGANISMS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC APICAL PERIODONTITIS FROM EXTERNAL CONSULTATION OF ODONTOLOGIC CLINIC IN CARTAGENA UNIVERSITY. CARTAGENA DE INDIAS COLOMBIA. Arroyo Bárbara1 , Esmeral Clara 2 , Díaz Claudia 2 , Mendoza Ketty 2 , Puello M., 1 1 2 1 Jacobo Ramos , Arzuza Octavio . Universidad de Cartagena. Grupo de Microbiología Clínica y Ambiental. Maestría Microbiología 1 , Postgrado de Endodoncia, Facultad de Odontología2 , Abstract Cartagena Colombia.

Chronic polimicrobial apical periodontitis is related with Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella loescheii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides forsythus, Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens and Treponema sp., which have been implied with the periodontitis and are considered indicators of risk for progression of this disease (Wolff ET to., 1994; Genco ET to., 1996; Fleming T., 1999; Marsh and Martin 2000; Lindhe J., 2000). The objective of the present work is to show to the relation between the anaerobic microorganisms and etiology of the periodontitis. Eleven (11) samples of patients of the external consultation from Odontolgy Faculty of Cartagena University, with clinical antecedents of chronic periapical injury, whose diagnosis was non supurativ chronic apical periodontitis, were put under exodoncia. Dental samples were transferred to laboratory for microbiological analysis and anaerobic fenotipic identification. Each extracted tooth was deposited in prefabricated glass with lateral manifold that contained BHI broth (Oxoid), for incubation in anaerobics jars (Anaerobic System, BR 38; Oxoid Ltd., Hampshire, England) for its identification. This bacterial growth was inoculated in agar Shaedler (Oxoid) and incubated in anaerobiosis during 24-48 hours to 37°C. The recovered isolated stocks were identified using BBL CRYSTAL. The isolated bacteria were Streptococcus intermedius (25%), Peptostreptococcus tetraedium (20%), Peptostreptococcus prevotti (10%); P. mágnum (5%), Lactobacillus acidophilus (10%), Fusobacterium nucleatum (10%), Bacteroides ovatum (5%), Eubacterium lentus (5%), Streptococcus constellatus (5%) and Actinomyces viscosus (5%). The isolation and precise identification of anaerobic bacteria in radicular channels is useful for diagnosis and effectiveness of the treatment of periodontals infections, having in account diversity of involved anaerobic bacterial species.

Key Words: Dental Plaque, Bacteria, Anaerobic, Periapical Periodontitis.

IN VITRO EFFECTS OF LOW INTENSITY LASER RADIATION ON PERIODONTAL FIBROBLASTS

2 Angie Clarkson Paredes. Rodrigo López Aldana. Ángela Domínguez Camacho

University of Valle

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the response of cultured periodontal and gingival fibroblasts irradiated with low intensity laser.

Methods: Cultures of human periodontal and gingival fibroblasts obtained from the cell bank of University of Valle were incubated for 24 hours and irradiated at logarithmic proliferation phase with a low intensity laser, Photon LASE As-Ga-Al with 37 mW of power, 830 nm wavelength and energy of 375J/cm2. Evaluation of cell proliferation of test and control cultures was made with XTT ® kit. Percentage of cell toxicity was measured with LDH ® kit. Cell proliferation was expressed in optic density units or absorbance and was evaluated at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 hours after irradiation.

Results: We did not find citotoxicity of any of the cell lines evaluated with the irradiation protocol. Proliferation of gingival fibroblasts was higher in experimental than in control cultures, whereas the proliferation of periodontal fibroblasts was higher in control cultures. We did not find statistically significant differences between test and control cell cultures.

Conclusions: Citotoxicity test showed that this irradiation protocol is safe for both cell culture lines. There were no statistically significant differences between or within groups. Effects with this therapy must be account for future research, to evaluate metabolic, morphologic and physiological changes in other cells involved in dental movement.

Key Words: Periodontal Fibroblasts, Gingival Fibroblasts, Low Intensity Laser

3 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia IL-6 AND IL-8 PRODUCTION BY HUMAN GINGIVAL FIBROBLASTS EXPOSED TO BACTERIAL EXTRACTS FROM AGGREGATIBACTER ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS AND ITS MUTANT FOR CYTOLETHAL DISTENDING TOXIN GENE CDTABC. 3 1 2 3 1* Octavio Alberto González , Joseph DiRienzo , Casey Chen , Nelly Stella Roa , Claudia Marcela Valdivieso1 , Freddy Omar Gamboa1 . 1. Dental Research Center – Pontificia Universidad Javeriana 2. School of Dental Medicine – University of Pennsylvania Abstract 3. School of Dentistry – University of Southern of California

Periodontitis is a pathological response to a chronic infection that appears to be triggered by microbial biofilms and lead to destruction of tooth support tissue. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.) is a gram negative cocobacillus that has been associated to aggressive forms of periodontitis. The cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) is a virulence factor of A.a. which induces cell cycle arrest and modulates cytokine synthesis in a cell type dependent manner. Gingival fibroblasts (GF) are an important cellular component of periodontal tissues that play an active role in pathogenesis of periodontitis as immunomodulator through synthesis of cytokines/chemokines and soluble mediators.

Objectives and Methods: to evaluate the immunostimulatory capacity of CDT in GF by detection of IL-6 and IL-8 production in supernatants from GF primary cell cultures exposed to either wild type A.a. or cdtABC mutant strain extracts; using a BCA system for cytokine analysis by flow cytometry.

Results: There were not significant differences in IL-6 and IL-8 levels produced by GF challenged with wild type or cdtABC mutant bacterial extract. However, when response to lipopolysaccharide was not controlled by pre-incubation of GF with antibodies anti-CD14 and anti-TLR4 before bacterial challenge, IL-8 production was significantly reduced in GF stimulated with cdtABC mutant but not with A.a. wild type strain.

Conclusions: These results suggest that CDT does not affect directly the IL-6 and IL-8 production by GF in vitro. Nevertheless, a potential indirect immunostimulatory role of CDT in GF may be associated with other A.a. bacterial components such as lipopolysaccharide, which has to be studied.

Key Words: Periodontitis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Cytokines, Gingival fibroblasts

CHANGES IN OLIGOADENYLATE SYNTHETASE 1A AND 1B EXPRESSION IN TRIGEMINAL GANGLIA CULTURES INFECTED BY HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 1

4 Lina María Marín Gallón, Jeanette Prada-Arismendy, Jaime Eduardo Castellanos Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Abstract Introduction: The HSV-1 can remain in the host cells establishing latent infections. During the acute infection and in the latency reactivation, the HSV-1 alters the expression of genes related with the antiviral immune response.

Objectives: standardize an in-vitro Trigeminal Ganglia primary cultured system to evaluate the HSV-1 effect on cells and in the immune response.

Methods: the Trigeminal Ganglia of adult mouse were extracted, enzymatically dissociated, cultured and treated or not with Cytosine Arabinoside (Ara-C) to inhibit the non neuronal cells proliferation. The culture infection was made at several MOI, and the proportion of cell infected was determined. A plaque titration of virus yield to culture infected media was carried out. The relative expression of mRNA to Oligoadenylate Synthetasa 1a and 1b (Oas 1a,1b) were determined by RT-PCR.

Results: the HSV-1 is highly cytopathic as in neuronal as non neuronal cells, even al low MOI. The neurons are most susceptible to be infected, in spite to being greater number of non neuronal cells in cultures. The pretreated cultured with Ara-C show a significant reduction of infected cells and in viral particles, suggesting a residual anti-herpetic effect of this drug. The mRNA expressions to Oas-1a y Oas-1b were down-regulated by the HSV-1, inducing changes on the expression of such.

Conclusions: this model of primary culture allows evaluating the effect of HSV-1 on cells and determines its regulation on interferon stimulated molecules. The down-regulation of mRNA by the HSV-1, shows one of the resistance mechanism and evasion of anti-viral immune response.

Key Words: Trigeminal Ganglia, Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1, neurons, Cytosine Arabinoside, Oligoadenylate Synthetase.

4 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia PHENOTYPICAL MODIFICATION OF MESENCHYMAL PRECURSOR STEM CELLS DERIVED FROM HUMAN UMBILICAL CORD BY IN VITRO TREATMENT WITH TGF Â1. 5 J. C. Munévar, A. Becerra, L. P. Acosta, J. Castellanos, G. Lafaurie. Instituto U.i.b.o. Division De Investigaciones. Universidad El Bosque Instituto Unidad de Investigación Básica Oral. Universidad el Bosque.

Abstract The knowledge of the Stem cells biology and their potential use in regenerative medicine, are fundamental to use them as therapeutic agents. Among their classification a denominated Adult Stem cells population exists with the self renewal and differentiation properties. In order to commit in a differentiation process Stem cells can be modulated by means of soluble factors that activate signaling pathways with commitment towards differentiated cells line. The Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF â1) regulates the differentiation and cellular proliferation, toward the skeletal cell line. Objective: To determine the in vitro potential of different TGF â1 concentrations to modify the phenotype of human mesenchymal precursor cells. Methods: Immunocharacterization by the expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 (FGFR3), the analysis of cellular differentiation by determining the phosphatase alkaline activity, and the collagen I expression by RT-PCR. Results: The percentage of cells that entered S phase was of 11,6% ± 2.10; 20,4% ± 1.31; 29% ± 1,50 for the treatments with 1ng/ml, 5ng/ml and 10 ng/ml of TGF B1. The FGFR3 inmunoreactivity was located with 1 ng/ml, 5 ng/ml and 10 ng/ml simultaneously in nucleus and cytoplasm. It was observed that 1 ng/ml of TGF B1 exerted in vitro greater effect on differentiation stage, because diminished the number of cells that continued expressing FGFR3. During the fluorometric assays there was an increase in the signal of mesenchymal cells from the Wharton's jelly with positive alkaline phosphatase activity, and by RT-PCR an increase in the expression of collagen I ARNm.

Key Words: Stem cells, Human Umbilical Cord, Tissu engineering, Regenerative Medicine, FGFG R3, TGF BETA 1

ASSOCIATION SALIVARY PROTEINS WITH DENTAL CARIES IN A 6 COLOMBIAN POPULATION Nelly Stella Roa *, Margarita Chaves, Mariluz Gómez, Lorenza Jaramillo.

Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Facultad de Odontología. Centro de Investigaciones Odontológicas. Abstract

The saliva has an important role in maintaining normal conditions of the oral tissues. Variability in salivary composition determines its protective characteristics against dental caries. Knowledge of the molecular content of salival in humans is important to better understand the protective properties of this biological fluid.

Objective: recognize protein composition in whole saliva of subjects with active caries, history of caries, and free of caries in Colombian population; by electrophoretic pattern and correlate these results with clinical diagnosis.

Methods: 145 patients over 18 years old were selected after clinical examinations, and classificated in three study groups. After signing the informed consent form, whole saliva samples were collected. Total protein determinations were made using the Bradford method. Individual saliva samples were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and related with DMFT indexes. The gels were analyzed by Quantity One 1-D software (BIO-RAD).

Results: Total protein content was higher in female subjects (p= 0.0028). No statistically significant differences were found between the total protein concentration and absence of previous experience of dental decay. Salivary proteins present in the majority of individuals were 168, 101, 77, 62, 55, 44 and 39 kDa in size. No association was found between salivary proteins and caries index.

Conclusions: Proteins present in the total saliva samples are similar between study groups indicating no association between them and the absence of previous dental decay experience.

Key Words: Dental Caries, Proteins, Saliva

5 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia 22 Epidemiology

6 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia THE HABITS IN THE USE OF TOOTHPASTE OF SCHOLAR STUDENTS MINORS OF 6 YEARS OLD IN A PRIVATE SCHOOL, A DISTRICT SCHOOL 7 OF CHIA AND PATIENTS WHO ATTEND TO C.O.C. Astrid Arias, Farire Hernandez, Esperanza Sotelo, Paola Cano.

Colegio Odontologico Colombiano Abstract

Nowadays, a growing concern exists for the habits in the use of fluoride tooth paste in children less than 6 years old, since this presentation is one of the main sources of fluoride ingesta in this development stage and identified as factor of risk for the dental fluorosis.

Objective: To determine the habits in the use of toothpaste of scholar students minors of 6 years old in a Private School, a District School of Chia and patients who attend to C.O.C. (Colegio Odontològico Colombiano).

Method: a transversal and descriptive research was carried out by means of a semi structured interview to parents of scholar students minors to 6 years old in a Private School of Bogotá, a District School of Chia locality and patients that attend to C.O.C.

Results: Children brush their teeth twice a day (51.4%). The quantity of toothpaste used in the public school was greater to a “pea-sized“ in a 52.9%, while in the private school and patients of C.O.C. they used the same quantity to a “pea-sized“; the most used toothpaste was Colgate with a percent of 85.71%, which has a fluoride concentration of 1450 ppm.

Conclusion: it was found that fluoride concentration used was greater to the indicated in children, where they used a superior quantity to a “pea-sized“, in the same way it is identified how the social status and beginning of brushing is related.

Key Words: Toothpaste, Risk Factor, Fluoride, Fluorosis

RE-EMERGING OF DENTAL CARIES IN ADOLESCENTS OF MEDELLIN, 8 COLOMBIA. Ángela María Franco Cortés, Angela María Gómez-Restrepo, Isabel Cristina Guzmán-Zuluaga, Carlos Martín Ardila-Medina, Lucas Duque, Carol Osorno. Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Antioquia Abstract

Objective: The aim of this descriptive study was to determine the prevalence and history of dental caries among adolescents (14-to 17-year-old) of Medellin; to evaluate the tendency of the indicators, and to evaluate possible re-emerging of these problem.

Methods: Data were obtained from dental examinations of a stratified randomized sample of 1292 students in 2005, performed by trained and calibrated examiners (Kappa > 0.65). Chi – square, Kruskal – Wallis, and Mann – Whitney tests were used (á = 5%).

Results: The mean (±SD) DMFT values were 4.5 (±2.8) for the 17- year- old adolescents of public schools and 2.8 (±3.3) for the 17- year-old adolescents of private schools. SiC Index were 11.3 y 6.2 respectively for the 17- year-old adolescents.

Conclusions: The results indicate an increment for the caries prevalence for all ages; besides, dental caries polarization in a little group whose characteristics should be study Health authorities should focused attention and intervention in both problems.

Key Words: Dental caries, adolescents, re-emerging, polarization

7 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia EFFECTS OF HEALTH PROMOTION AT THE SCHOOL: CURRENT SITUATION OF THE INDICATORS. 5- TO 13 YEAR-OLD SCHOOLCHILDREN. MEDELLÍN 9 Ángela María Franco Cortés, Emilia María Ochoa Acosta, Blanca Susana Ramírez Puerta, Ángela María Segura Cardona, Ricardo Tamayo Lopera, Carolina García Sánchez.

Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Antioquia

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this descriptive study was to determine the prevalence dental caries and dental fluorosis among 5-to 13-year-old students in Medellin, Colombia. Methods: Data were obtained from dental examinations of a stratified randomized sample of 1569 students in 2006, performed by trained and calibrated examiners (Kappa > 0.65). Chi – square, Kruskal – Wallis, and Mann – Whitney tests were used (á = 5%). Results: The mean (±SD) dmft/DMFT values were 3.3 (±3.9) for the 5- year- old children and 1.42 (±1.8) for the 12- year-old students. SiC Index was used to determine the group having higher caries experience; mean (±SD) for the 12- year-old students was 3.35 (±1.9). The percentage of schoolchildren presenting with sound permanent teeth (DMFT = 0) was 45.2% at 12- year- old students. The prevalence of fluorosis was 81.2% (TFI) with severity ranging from TF1 and TF7, while in 1998 was 10.3% (Dean Index). Conclusions: The results indicate a reduce caries prevalence for all ages; however, the phenomenon of dental caries polarization is already perceptible in Medellin. The fluorosis level found was higher than expected given the historical data from communities with optimal fluoridation in other countries and constitutes a public health problem. Health authorities should focused attention and intervention in both problems.

Key Words: Dental caries polarization, dental fluorosis, schoolchildren

URINARY FLUORIDE EXCRETION IN 4-6 YEAR-OLD CHILDREN IN SABOYA, 10 COLOMBIA Luis Fernando Gamboa*1, Claudia Marcela Valdivieso1, Fabian Gil2, and Jaime Casas3 1. Dental Research Center – Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 2. School of Medicine – Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Abstract 3. School of Science – Pontificia Universidad Javeriana

Introduction: Colombia have a comprehensive salt-fluoridation-programme area with 180 - 220 ppm. The municipality of Saboya is a town with 20 degrees of average temperature and low humidity. supplied with water from a Suarez river whose fluoride concentration is 0.12 mg/l.

Objective: To measure and evaluate 24-h urinary fluoride excretion by school children 4-6 years old who were living in urban and rural community a nonfluoridated area in Colombia.

Methods: Twenty-four-hour urine samples were collected from 4-6 year-old children (n = 276) we record the children's weight, intake of their regular meals was not altered, and we took supervised collections of urine samples in the morning at school, and parents of the participating students collected afternoon and nocturnal samples. Urine volume was measured immediately after the 24- hour collection and samples of the collection from each child were frozen for transportation prior to 'blind' analysis in the chemistry laboratory at the Javeriana University for fluoride content.

Results: It was found that the mean 24-hour urine volumes were 487.22 ml (SD 17.88) The mean 24-h fluoride excretion was 0.579 mg (+/-0.42), where 39% of the participating children have fluoride excretion > 0.5mg / 24 hrs. Population living urban and rural area was affected.

Conclusions: The daily urinary fluoride excretion and estimated fluoride intake in these children must be studied further because appeared to be beyond acceptable limits.

Key Words: Urinary, Fluoride, Excretion, Epidemiology

8 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia RELATION BETWEEN CARIES AND RICKS FACTORS IN CHILDREN 11 BELONGING TO 5 HOMES OF THE FAMILY WELFARE IN CARTAGENA. *González, Farith, **Luna Luz Maida, ***Martínez, Nasly, ***Solana Maria Yolanda

Universidad De Cartagena

Abstract Objective: Determine the correlation that exists between the presence of dental caries and the social and biological risk factors among children of ages 5 and 6 years old belonging to comunitary 5 schools of the Colombian institute of family welfare in Cartagena de Indias.

Method: The study was transversal. The population studied were children ages of 5 years from comunitary schools of the colombian of family institute welfare of Cartagena. The simple consisted of 65 children of the 5 schools that were involved in a study of arch growth and developement in the dental school of the university of Cartagena between the years 2003 and 2004. The variables evaluated were: presence of dental caries, past history of caries, sistemic sicknesses, diet, oral hygiene condition, exposition to fluorides, social factors (family profile, educational level, socio – economic status, life style.)

Results: there was a direct relation between the presence of caries and the frecuency of carbohydrate, sugar and protein ingestion. There was a high association between the social – Economic status and the past history of caries, a moderate exposure to fluorized foods, time watching television, brushing technique, and low assistance to fluorization campaigns. It was not found a relation between presence plaque index or civil status of parents, obedience to their parents or ingestion of fats and vegetables.

Conclusions: with the obtained knowledge we can redirect the actions of health promotion and sickness prevention in this child population. Trying to emphatize in the factors that had relation or association.

Key Words: Risk factor, dental caries, preschool children.

THE FLUORIDE CONTENT OF BEVERAGES OF FREQUENT COMSUMPTION IN CHILDREN OF AGE SUSCEPTIBLE TO DENTAL FLUOROSIS 12 Diego Andrés López*, Ángela María Franco, Jeisson Javier Estrada, Jonathan Andrés Zapata.

Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Antioquia

Abstract

Since the 1998's the prevalence of dental fluorosis has increased in Medellin, concomitant with a reduction in dental caries. These changes have been attributed in part to the widespread use of systemic and topical fluorides. Few studies in Colombia have investigated fluoride exposure from beverages. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the fluoride content of beverages consumed by children of age susceptible to dental fluorosis. Methods: Several kinds of beverages of 40 commercial brands (bottled waters, milk, natural juices, carbonated drinks, soft drinks and teas), purshased from supermarkets and groceries stores were analyzed. The fluoride content of all samples was determined in duplicate, using a Fluoride Ion Selective Electrode. Results: Fluoride ion concentrations ranged from 0.010 to 4.285 mg/L. The majority beverages presented flouride level below 0.05 mg/L. The highest mean concentration of fluoride was found in the teas (3.45 ±1.49 mg/L; range 1.54 – 4.28 mg/L). The manufacturers' labelling did not informate about the content of fluoride concentration. Conclusion: The majority beverages did not reach the fluoride level to be considering a risk for fluorosis; however some beverages analyzed may be important contributors to the total daily F intake. Their consumption by children at the age of risk to dental fluorosis should be avoided. The F content in these products should be informed on their labels.

Key Words: Floride content, beverages, children, fluorosis

9 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia INFLUENCE OF MOTOR FINE SKILLS ON ORAL HYGIENE IN 6-10 YEAR OLD CHILDREN. 13 Mafla-Chamorro AC, Vallejo-Arteaga TY, Rosero-Casanova CA, Cepeda-Mueses SM, Ruano-Flórez YC, Bravo-Arévalo YC.

Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia – Pasto. Abstract

Although several oral hygiene elements help to improve oral cleanliness, an evaluation still needs to be performed about the development of the child's grabbing and the detail motor skill needed during that activity. Method: An analitic and cross-sectional study were designed for the purpose of describing this performance. There were evaluated 155 children, boys and girls between 6 and 10 years old. Two assesments were made, one of oral hygiene through Quigley-Hein Index, and the other one to mesure fine motor skills through the patterns developed for functionality. Frecuencies, means, and 2, Anova and Kruskall Wallis comparision tests, were applied for doing the statistical analysis. Results: There were significant differences between the use of the tooth brush and dental floss for age and gender (p<0.05). The functionality patterns more frequently absent were the radial-cubital displacement and wrist rotation, there were observed significant diferences for ages (p<0.05). Although the relation between this two patterns and the level of oral hygiene were not significant for the ages of seven to ten years in these children (p>0.05), its evaluation is important before those ages. Conclusions: The influence of patterns of functionality related to oral hygiene is clear for the 6 years old children, specially in boys. Even though those patterns regardless in more advanced ages as a functional pattern, perhaps some motions are not appropriate to accomplish an adequate routine for oral hygiene. No teaching oral hygiene causes loss in motor skills even after the integration of those patterns.

Key Words: Tooth brushing, dental flossing, fine motor skills, radio-cubital displacement, wrist rotation.

ORAL DEMONSTRATIONS IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH HIV AIDS AMBULATORY ATTENTION CENTER OF BOSQUE CLINIC SAN JUAN DE DIOS 14 FROM CARTAGENA DE INDIAS JUNE 2006 APRIL 2007 Marsiglia, Liliana. Luna, Elida. Martínez, Adel. González, Farith

Universidad del Sinú- Seccional Cartagena Abstract

Objetive: to establish the prevalence of de oral demonstrations in adult patients diagnosed with HIV AISD that attend the clinic san Juan de Dios from Cartagena de indias in a time comprised between june 2006and april2007.

Materials and methods: it was accomplished a type transverse descriptive research , the chosen population was 102 patients ,the sampling was five patients and the sample 52 with HIV aids , they were included in the research patients that had subjected to the test of elisa and had a positive diagnosis of vih. Patients who showed up signs and symptoms on oral and perioral level.

Results: the 100% individual showed up an injury in mouth. the oral demonstration that had the greatest prevalence was marginal erythema with 56% ,following to this injury was found peridentite chronic with 19% on the other hand with respect to candidiasis and leucoplasia the percentage that correspond to 8%and 4%respactively there was a tumor , gingivitis ulceronecrozante ,vulgar wart, and ulcer in a low percentage 1%.The way of contagio that showed up the most quality of cases was sexual contact with 98%. The gender that showed up the most quality of cases was male with 69% with respect to the to ral demonstration and age the linear marginal erytema, presented often in ages between 30y 42 with 30,77%

Conclusions: the oral demonstration with most prevalence was marginal erythema and cronic periodontytys between 30y42 years old the most percentage was gender male

Key Words: Oral Demonstrations In Relation To Hiv Aisd ,way Of Contagion ,sex

10 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia PREVALENCE OF MANDIBULARY AND PALATINUS TORUS IN PATIENT THAT ASSISTED TO THE CLINIC ODONTOLOGY OF THE UNIVERSITARY OF CARTAGENA FROM 1995 - 2004 15 Investigador principal * Edwin Puello del Río**, Coinvestigadores Docente * María del Carmen Jiménez Malagón** Coinvestigadores estudiantes *Laurenth Esther Hernández Bolívar**, Jorge Marrugo* José Luis Narváez**. Universidad De Cartagena Abstract Since 1857 torus have been reported inside of scientist literature. until today in Colombia, only tree studies refer this osseous excrescensy in some places in the country. the prevalence of palatine and mandible torus, an exostosis with pathogenesis still disputable. It was asses in 5128 clinical histories of patients who assisted to clinical medicine in the odontology faculty in the university of Cartagena, between 1995 and 2004. This study is retrospective and descriptive.

The samples were 368 clinical histories chosen in aleatory way of the odontology faculty archives. Every history had format, when they were analyzed, data were : 1, the torus presence was in 61% of patients. 2, statistically he/she was not significant difference as for the sex and the torus presence (p>0.05) , 3.in dark skin and patients of Atlantic region. 4, it was present in high frequency in patients between 15-25 years old. 5, the palatine torus had brig presence, located in third medium und hinder and the mandibles be located in high proportion in bilateral way in premolars zone, and country case to reported in our study ,no exist mandible torus in molars zone. We can conclude that prevalence of palatine torus was bigger than that of the torus mandibulary, the torus in it presented with more frequency in people of brown complexion and in patients among the 12-25 years of age.

Key Words: Torus Palatinus / Prevalence Of Torus

TOTAL DENTAL PROSTHESIS PREVALENCE IN THIRD AGE GROUPS FROM 16 CALI CITY, COLOMBIA Manuel Sendoya, Nicolas Imbachi, Tatiana Arias, Jaime Bedoya, Carlos Piedrahita, Juan Pablo Garcia, Andres Felipe Aguirre, Maria Teresa Calzada Escuela De Odontologia, Universidad Del Valle Abstract

Introduction: Demographic transition ( path from high levels of mortality and fertility to lower levels and its effects over the population ageing). to the third world countries are exposed, it makes necessary to know the real conditions of the elderly people to allow them to face the social and economic changes that demographic transition offer.

Different health problems are frequently in elderly people and dental loss is the most common abnormality. The aim of this study was to identify the total prosthesis treatment need in the elderly people in Cali city Colombia.

Material and methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among elderly people from third age groups. The population study was 47.602 subjects from 897 third age groups in 21 county of Cali city, the sample was 302 subjects from the study population that included people greater of 55 years old.

Results: This study found in the elderly people from the third age groups in Cali, the 73.84% use any type of total dental prosthesis, of which the 50.23% was total versus total prosthesis users , the 39.46% used maxillar total prosthesis and the 10.31% used mandibular total prosthesis.

Conclusion: This study compared with the ENSAB III shows more frecuency of use of total dental prosthesis in people from third age groups in Cali.

Key Words: Dental Prosthesis, Elderly, Populations Groups

11 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia 33 Endodontics

12 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia COMPARISON OF THE WASTE FOR UNIT OF VOLUME OF PREPARED FEIGNED CONDUITS WITH MANUAL AND ROTATIONAL INSTRUMENTS. AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL 17 Patricia Avellaneda, Fredrik Erhadt, Jorge Gomez, Cesar Hernandez

Colegio Odontologico Colombiano

Abstract

Aim: To determine the wearing down of the preparation of canals simulated with manual and rotatory instruments by volume unit designing an experimental model.

Materials and Method: Experimental study in-vitro. 50 were taken acrylic blocks, randomly were divided in 5 groups to make instrumentation thus: Group A: 10 with rotatory ProTaper®; Grupo B:10 with manual ProTaper ®; Grupo C:10 with rotatory NTti TEE ®; Group D: 10 with NiTi TEE® used in manual form; Group E: 10 without preparation.I Determine the density of the acrylic and the mass of the solid with an analytical balance. Apply formulates v=m / d for each block. For the statistical analysis it used test ANOVA p≤ 0.05.

Results: The average ± standard error of the difference of the wearing down of files ProTape®r rotatory and manual it was not significant. The average ± standard error of the difference of the wearing down files NiTi TEE® rotatory and manual it was not significant.

Conclusions: Under the conditions of the study, it not was statistically significant differences in the wearing down produced by the files of the groups A and B, as well as of the groups C and D.

Key Words: Simulated Canals, Protaper®, Niti Tee®, Wear Away

IN VITRO EVALUATION OF THE ACCURACY OF ELECTRONIC APEX LOCATORS: ROOT ZX®, FORAMATRON D10® Y BINGO1020. 18 Maria Carolina Barreto Botero, Lilian Andrea Guzman Rodriguez, Sandra Patricia Rojas Carvajal, Diana Milena Sarmiento Jaller, Sonia Lancheros Bonilla, Gloria Universidad Santo Tomás- Federación Odontológica Colombiana

Abstract

During endodontic therapy one of the most important steps is the determination of the root canal working length. The Electronic Apex Locators (EALs) have been designed to determine the working length more accurately. The purpose of the present study was evaluate the accuracy of the electronic apex locators: Root ZX, Foramatron D10 and Bingo 1020, and compare its accuracy to the actual teeth length under optical light microscope (x 10). Two hundred sixty three root human permanent teeth were used, sectioning the crown to gain access to the root canal. A first operator determined the control length (actual length) under optical light microscope; after other three operators previously calibrated for each apparatus determined the electronic measures having the position “Apex” like reference. The results obtained (in millimeters) for each EAL were compared with the control length and were recorded in independent tables to corresponding statistical analysis. The results showed EALs accuracy of 90,9%. Under the conditions of this investigation the measures obtained with the three EALs were of similar accuracy.

Key Words: Electronic Apex Locators, Root ZX, Foramatron D10, Bingo 1020. 13 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia DIMENSIONAL STABILITY OF SEALER TOP SEAL® AND REAL SEAL®.

19 Sandra Bibiana Camargo Rivera, Javier Fernando Gutiérrez Barreto, Shirley Rocio Ortegón Castellanos, Sandra Liliana Rojas Losada, Juan Manuel Bretón,

Universidad Santo Tomás- Federación Odontológica Colombiana Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the existing differences between dimensional stability of Real Seal sealer® whit regard to Top Seal®.

Materials and methods: By mean of ISO 6876 norm the dimensional stability of Real Seal® sealer and Top Seal® was evaluated, using 6 cylinders for each sealer in absolute and relative humidity conditions, evaluating the dimensional changes to 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks by using the stereomicroscopy.

Results: The Real Seal® sealer showed less dimensional stability in comparison with Top Seal® in the two different humidity types during the 20 measuring weeks. In absolute humidity were not showed significant differences p=0.1457 and in the relative humidity it showed significant differences p=0.328. The Top Seal® sealer complied with the established parameters by the ISO 6876:2001 norm with a contraction of 0.42%. The Real Seal® sealer did not comply with the established parameters by ISO6876:2001 norm due to its expansion percentage was 1.46%.

Conclusions:. The Epiphany® sealer showed less dimensional stability in comparison with Top Seal® during 20 weeks in absolute and relative humidity. The Real Seal® and Top Seal® sealers showed lees dimensional stability in relative humidity. The Top Seal® sealer when was evaluated in dimensional changes comply whit the established parameters by ISO 6876:2001 norm. The Real Seal® sealer did not comply with the established parameters by ISO6876:2001 norm.

Key Words: Dimensional Stability, endodontic sealers, Top Seal®, Real Seal® sealer

DETERMINATION OF AGREEMENT BETWEEN TWO METHODS FOR THE EVALUATION OF RADIOPACITY OF DENTAL MATERIALS: RADIOVISIOGRAPH AND PHOTODENSITOMETER 20 Castaño-Alzate Juliana. Regalado-Cabrales Luís Miguel, Niño Javier, Forero Jorge, Tamayo Martha C., Bautista Gloria Posgrado de endodoncia. Facultad de odontología. Universidad El Bosque

Abstract

The aim of this investigation was to determine the agreement between the Radiovisiograph and the Photodensitometer, in the measurement of radiopacity of endodontic materials in aluminium millimetre equivalents (Al). Based on a pilot study, a probabilistic sample consisting of 43 specimens of gutta-percha discs was obtained. Each disc had a diameter of 10mm and thickness of 1mm. X- rays were taken using conventional radiographic film or a Radiovisiograph sensor from a distance of 30 centimetres. The radiopacity was assessed by a Photodensitometer on a conventional radiograph converted into a digital image by a scanner, as well as by the Radiovisiograph Shick and its software. A high reproducibility and accuracy; ICC >0.8 for both methods was found. Hence, the Densitometer, as well as the Radiovisiograph are reliable methods to measure radiopacity of dental materials.

Key Words: Radiopacity, Radiovisiograph, Photodensitometer

14 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia HEAT TRANSFER ARCHIVIED BY GATES GLIDDEN 3 DRILL IN ROOT 21 CANALS OBLITE USING AN IN VITRO MODEL OF FINITE ELEMENTS. Gustavo Adolfo Castillo Barrios, Juan Felipe Recio Blanco, Sandra Liliana Rojas Losada, Gloria Cristina Moreno Abello

Universidad Santo Tomás- Federación Odontológica Colombiana Abstract

The literature newspaper report a raise of the temperature over the 10°C at the widen the root canals with Gates- Glidden number 3. Oneself utilized a program than elements finite (ANSYS) to remark the propagation the heat rubbings generator by the broadened Gates - Glidden number 3 through the teething and the woven than support of the tooth. The fashion than a first premolar substandard with conduit tight she allowed simulate the terms clinical of the use of this rate than broadened on terms standard. According to the results of this study , values elevated than temperature and results averse envelope the bone and the ligament periodontal they are small probable. The higher values than temperature (130C ) they went observed on the surface internal teething , on the region than contact with the Gates- Glidden. This temperature experienced on teething might be affect the prediction of the treatment restorative of the tooth , owing to the possible occurrence than fractures cracks , retrenchment of the module tensile and debilitation of the structure toothed between remaining.

Key Words: Nanotechnology, Biotechnology, Tissue Engineering, Dentistry, Endodontics.

LAS NUEVAS TECNOLOGIAS Y SU APLICACIÓN EN LA ENDODONCIA 22 MODERNA ( ESTADO DEL ARTE) Carolina Giraldo G, *Gloria Astrid Rey Z., *Diana Tenjo B., **Dr. Jorge Reynolds, **Dr. Jaime Donado, **Dra. Mari luz Gómez, **Dra. Maria Eugenia Tovar, **Dr. Jaime Aldana. Fundacion Universitaria San Martin Facultad De Postgrados De Odontologia Abstract

The purpose of the present investigation was to create an art state of the new technologies, which are : Nanotechnology, Biotechnology and tissue engineering with their application in the diagnostic and treatment in dentistry, this will permit to the professionals acquire the Knowledge in this areas. Gather of the sources of information was made through data bases, interviews with scientific experts, books and journals related with the subject of study. It was obtain a total of 2.407, rejecting 400, all this information was selected under established inclusion and exclusion criteria, taking a sample of 32 articles tabulate into a matrix design to contain representative data of each one of them. One of the result of this review was that the country with bigger number of scientific publications is United States, due that many private and university institutions are dedicates to the investigation. Within the continents Europe shows a great progress in investigation regarding all this new technologies, it coincide with the book Flat World by Thomas Friedman, whom outline how Europe and Asia are giving importance to the study of the basic science as a background to the development of the new technologies. It was concluded that Nanotechnology is a new science with large and revolutionary implications in all the areas of Knowledge.

Key Words: Nanotechnology, Biotechnology, Tissue Engineering, Dentistry, Endodontics.

15 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia CYTOTOXIC EVALUATION OF INTRACANAL MEDICATION IN HUMAN CULTURED FIBROBLASTS

23 * Lage-Marques José Luiz, Cabrales Ricardo, Beloti Marina, Miyagui Sueli, Yamazaki Andréa, Kleine Brigida Monica, Moura-Netto Casio, Marques Márcia, Facultad de Odontología - Universidad de São Paulo - Brasil

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the biological cytotoxic of intracanal medications in human cultured fibroblasts. The experimental groups were: Control group (G1); 2g of Clindamycin Hydrochloride associated to 0,32g of Dexamethasone Phosphate in alcoholic solution (G2); G3 (the same substances of G2 group, but in polyethyleneglycol 400 vehicle); and G4 (NDP - Paramonochlorophenol associated to 0,32g of Dexamethasone Phosphate in polyethyleneglycol 400 and rinosoro®). The groups remained in contact with the cells for 24, 48 and 72 hours and the cellular viability was analyzed using MTT assay. The results was collected at the ELISA reader and analyzed by a mitochondrial activity comparative graphic. They showed that G2 had the best results in the 3 studied times followed by G3 and G4. The statistics analyses (ANOVA e Tukey) showed significant differences at 1% level of G4 (The worst results) in relation to the others groups in all studied times. The G2 and G3 groups that deferred only by the used vehicle did not showed differences in any of the studied times.

The association of Clindamycin Hydrochloride and Dexamethasone Phosphate (Clindex), independent of which vehicle was used, presented the highest cellular viability and lower cytotoxic than NDP.

Key Words: Endodontic, Intracanal Medication, Endodontic Microbiology, Cytotoxic.

DIFFUSION OF ION CALCIUM IN THE DENTINA OF FIVE VEHICLES 24 ASSOCIATED TO THE HYDROXIDE OF CALCIUM Paola Martinez, Carolina Rozo

Colegio Odontologico Colombiano Abstract

Aim: To quantify the amount of diffusion calcium ion to 1, 3 and 8 days through the dentinal tubules with five vehicles associated to calcium hydroxide in single-root premolar teeth newly extracted.

Materials and Method: 50 extracted human teeth were selected, had their crowns cut of horizontally at the CEJ level, leaving a length of 14mm. The instrumentation was performed by a Crown-Down technique with NiTi TEE® Sendoline rotary files. The canal were filled with a Ca(OH)² mixed with the vehicle in form randomized thus: Group 1: 10 teeth filled with Ca(OH)² and anesthesia with epinephrine; Group 2: 10 teeth filled with Ca(OH)² and anesthesia without epinephrine; Group 3: 10 teeth with Ca(OH)² and saline solution; Group 4: 10 teeth filled with Ca(OH)² and distilled water; Group 5: 10 teeth filled with Ca(OH)² and clorhexidine. Using the direct colorimetric spectrofotometric method to 1, 3 and 8 days. For the statistical analysis used the multifactor Test of ANOVA P≤ 0.05.

Results: There was not statistically significant difference when the groups adjusted to the first and third day and when the times it was adjusted to the anesthetic solution with and without epinephrine, water distilled and clorhexidine to the 1, 3, and 8 days. It was statistically significant difference when the groups it was adjusted to the eighth day and when the times it was adjusted to the saline solution.

Conclusions: The diffusion of the calcium ion through the dentine five vehicles in first and the third day was not statistically significant, nevertheless to the eight day was statistically significant means. The saline solution in the different periods of time was statistically significant. The anesthetic solution with and without epinephrine reveled an increase in the liberation of calcium ion through the time, spite of not be statistically significant.

Key Words: Calcium hydroxide, Liberation Ion Calcium, Medical Intracanal.

16 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia THE INFLUENCE OF THE SIZE OF THE PREPARATION OF THE APICAL SEAL OF MESIAL ROOTS, OF INFERIOR MOLARS 25 Pedro Pablo Mejía Fernández, Erika Hernández Alvarado, Diana Martínez González, Soraya Malkún Pallares

Universidad Metropolitana

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate how the size of preparation of the apical seal influences, changing the size of the main apical file, instrumentation technique and obturation method.

They took 80 mesial roots of inferior molars divided in 4 groups of 16 roots, with subgroups of 8 roots each one, prepared and plugged in vitro as follows:

Group A1: Manual technique Crown Down-lateral condensation, -size #25; Group A2: Manual technique Crown Down – Lateral Condensation -size #40; Group B1: Manual technique Crown Down-unique cone - size #25; Group B2: Manual technique Crown Down-unique cone -size #40; Group C1: Technique Rotational Profile-Lateral condensation -size #25; Group C2: Technique Rotational Profile-Lateral condensation size #40;Grupo D1 Technique Rotational Profile-Unique cone size #25 and Group D2: Technique Rotational Profile-Unique cone size #40. 8 roots like positive control and 8 as negative control. The entrance of the conduits covered with IRM cement and the external surface of the roots with sticky wax except the last 2 millimeters of the radicular apex; later on they were stored in incubator during 48 hours. When finishing this process, they were immersed in Chinese ink, centrifuged to 3.000 rpm and subjected to transparentation for 7 days for observation with stereoscopic microscope. The results demonstrated that it doesn't exist significant statistical differences to 1% when preparing apically until size #25 or #40, however it fits to stand out that in all the groups the lowest levels in microfiltration were shown when one prepares apically until a size #40.

Key Words: Main Apical File, Crown Down, Profile.

DIFFUSION OF THE ION CALCIUM TO INCLINATION OF THE DENTINA USING FIVE VEHICLES ASSOCIATED TO THE MIXED HYDROXIDE OF 26 CALCIUM WITH ANTIBIOTIC AND CORTICOID Yuri Suarez, Julian Savogal

Colegio Odontologico Colombiano

Abstract

Aim: To quantify the amount of diffusion calcium ion to 24, 48 and 72 hours through the dentinal tubules with five vehicles associated to calcium hydroxide mixed with an antibiotic and a corticosteroid in single-root premolar teeth newly extracted.

Materials and Method: 50 extracted human teeth were selected, had their crowns cut of horizontally at the CEJ level, leaving a length of 14mm. The instrumentation was performed by a Crown-Down technique with NiTi TEE® Sendoline rotary files. The canal were filled with a Ca(OH)² mixed with doxicycline 10mg and dexametasone 4mg and one vehicle in form randomized thus: Group 1: 10 teeth filled with Ca(OH)² and anesthesia with epinephrine; Group 2: 10 teeth filled with Ca(OH)² and anesthesia without epinephrine; Group 3: 10 teeth with Ca(OH)² and saline solution; Group 4: 10 teeth filled with Ca(OH)² and distilled water; Group 5: 10 teeth filled with Ca(OH)² and clorhexidine. Using the direct colorimetric spectrofotometric method to 24, 48 and 72 hours. For the statistical analysis used the multifactor Test of ANOVA P≤ 0.05.

Results: There was statistically no significant difference in the 5 groups associated to the Ca(OH)² mixed with an antibiotic and a corticoid to 24 and 48h. There was statistically significant difference when they adjusted to the groups to 72h in the diffusion of the ion calcium through the dentine.

Conclusions: The diffusion of the ion calcium through the dentinales túbulos fitting the 5 types of vehicles mixed with Ca(OH)² and doxicycline and dexametasone was statistically significant in the three times. There was statistically significant difference in the amount of diffusion of the ion calcium released with the five vehicles to the 72 hours. In the groups in which I am used as vehicle anesthetic solution with and without epinefrina I am observed increase in the liberation of the ion calcium through the time, to grief that was not statistically significant.

Key Words: Calcium hydroxide, Liberation Ion Calcium, Medical Intracanal.

17 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia INVITRO COMPARATIVE STUDY OF APICAL MICROFILTRATION, USING THREE TYPES OF CEMENTS: OXIDO DE ZINC – EUGENOL, GROSSMAN, Y 27 ROEKOSEAL, EVANLUATED BY AN ELECTROCHEMICAL METHOD IN 2007 Palmet. O Sara, Velásquez. J Erlinda, Flórez G. Astrid Gómez D. Paola, González

Universidad del Sinu Abstract Objetive: Compare the capacity of apical seals, using three types of cements as they are: Oxido de Zinc-Eugenol(ZOE), Grossman, and Roekoseal evaluating the apical microfiltration by means of the electrochemical method.

Materials and methods: This is an invitro comparative experimental study, where the sample was intentional for criterion of 75 teeth divided in three groups of 25 teeth each one orchestrated with the step back technique and plugged with the technique of lateral condensation to 1 mm of the apex they were assigned randomly according to the type of used cement, Grossman, Roekoseal and Oxido de zinc and eugenol, using a randomness program. The variable that was analyzed was the microfiltration and the time, through the electrochemical method making daily measurements to the 10, 20 and 30 days.

Results: According to the results, the cement that minor average of filtration presented was the roekoseal, followed of grossman and finally ZOE, presenting statistically significant differences between each other from the 20 and 30 days, whereas to the 10 days there were no differences. Evaluating the averages of each cement to the 10, 20 and 30 days single ZOE presented a statistically significant difference.

Conclusions: The time influences in the microfiltration, since the greater time the greater amount of filtered teeth and lesser frequency in the greater intervals of filtration. The cement that obtained better results was the Roekoseal.

Key Words: Microfiltracion, electrochemical method, Grossman, Oxido de Zinc y Eugenol (ZOE), Roekoseal

MICROFILTRACION APICAL OF TWO TECHNICAL OF OBTURATION: (GUTTAFLOW®), (AND & Q Plus®) IN TEETH UNIRRADICULARES UNDER 28 THE ESTEREOMICROSCOPIO Adriana Villegas, Maria Eugenia Plata, Betsy Alarcón, Carlos Pinzón

Colegio Odontologico Colombiano

Abstract

Objective: to compare the apical microleakage of single root canals filled with the obturation systems Guttaflow® and E&Q plus® and the conventional technique of lateral condensation as a control group for 1, 30 and 45 days.

Materials and methods: in this experimental in vitro study 72 teeth were taken and randomly distributed in three groups, each one of 24 teeth that met the inclusion criteria.: complete root formation, extracted teeth for orthodontic purposes, teeth with advanced periodontal disease and the exclusion criteria: teeth with resorptions, deciduous teeth, teeth with fractures, endodontically treated teeth and teeth with calcified metamorphosis. the study variables were: microleakage, obturation techniques and time.the fresh extracted teeth were stored in 10% formalin, and then were decoronated, the working length was 14 mm taken from the apex, were shaped with protaper rotatory system, then it was used 17% for 1 minute, they were filled with the following techniques: cold injection system (Guttaflow ®) , warm injection system ( e & q plus®) with sealer cement roeko seal ® and the control group with the lateral condensation technique and the microleakage evaluation was made for the dye penetration. the statistical analysis was made through the one way analysis of variance (anova) p≤ 0.05.

Results: DAY 1: It was found that in the three techniques with regard to the time, the microleakage was not statistically significant (P = 0.3677). DAY 30: The microleakage of the techniques with regard to the time was statistically significant (p = 0.0360). DAY 45: The in the microleakage three techniques with regard to the time was statistically significant (p = 0.0000).

Conclusions: through time it exists a statistically significant difference in the increasing of apical leakage in the three techniques, establishing that the technique with more leakage presented in her three times was the cold injection system Guttaflow ® and the technique that less leakage showed was the thermoplastic with the e&q plus ®system at 30 and 45 days.

Key Words: Apical Microleakage, Obturation Techniques, Guttaflow, Stereomicroscope

18 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia 44 Orthodontics Orthopedic, Growth and Development

19 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia PREVALENCE OF CHRONOLOGICAL ERUPTION ALTERATION OF THE PERMANENT TEETH IN INFANT PATIENT FROM 5 TO 13 YEARS OLD, 29 THAT ATTEND AT “JUAN MANUEL MÉNDEZ BECHARA” DENTISTRY Lisney Andrade Peñata, Nelly Arboleda Licona, Lina Páez Soto, María Tordecilla Pérez, Dra. Celina Patiño, Dra. María del Pilar Rodríguez Universidad del Sinú Abstract

Dental eruption generally makes reference to the appearance of some part of the tooth over the surface of the gum looking for contact with its antagonist. During the eruption it would jag. It is possible to find some chronological disorders like premature and retarded emergencies.

For this reason it was decided to carry out the following study to determine the prevalence of chronological eruption alterations of the permanent teeth in children from 5 to 13 years old, who attended at Dentistry Clinic Juan Manuel Mendez Bechara in Montería, during the period between 2001 - 2006. 1202 clinical histories were studied, and 64 cases (5.3%) presented some kind of alterations.

167 teeth showed chronological alterations, being the delayed emergency the most frequent alteration, 56.8%. The most affected population corresponded to males, between 8 and 9 years old, the second transitional period, was the most affected as well. The lateral maxilar incisor had the highest prevalence (12). It was found a significant difference between the literary reports and the study carried out. It was reported a greater delayed eruption in boys than in girls.

Key Words: Eruption, Chronology, Premature Emergency, delayed Emergency

ANALYSIS OF THE SUBREGISTRY OF DECAY WITH dmf-t AND ICDAS IN CHILDREN OF 1 To 5 YEARS OF THE CITY OF SANTIAGO OF CALI IN 2006

30 Maria Cristina Arango, Lorena Galvis, Natalia García, Adriana Jaramillo, Bibiana Pazos.

University of Valle Abstract

The objective of this study was to analyze the sub registry of decay using index CEO and index ICDAS in children of 1 to 5 years of the city of Santiago of Cali, during year 2006. Two evaluators previously calibrated made clinical examinations to determine the prevalence and the index of decay, in a sample of 929 children of 1 to 5 years of age, which obtained a sample by conglomerates from the list of the infantile homes, gardens and day-care centres of all the socioeconomic layers. The prevalence of decay was of 63% for index ICDAS and 30% for the index dmf-t. For dmf-t the prevalence was greater in the low layer and for index ICDAS it was in the high layer. Of the initial injuries of decay but the prevalent one he was 2W in index ICDAS. Considering the collected data was a subregistry in the prevalence of dental decay of 33%. The reported results indicate that this letting itself diagnose initial injuries of decays, which let be taken care of in the stage of greater effectiveness in the preventive stage.

Key Words: Early childhood caries, dmf-t, ICDAS.

20 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia EVALUATION OF STABILITY OF MINI IMPLANTS AS BONY ANCHORAGE 31 FOR UPPER MOLAR INTRUSION Jorge Alberto Arismendi Echavarría, Zandra Milena Ocampo Aristizábal, Claudia Marcela Morales Botero, Francisco Jaime González Castaño, Pedro

University of Antioquia Abstract

The aim of this study was to undertake a clinical stability evaluation of the mini implant used as bony anchorage for the upper molar intrusion.

Thirty four Leone® stainless steel mini implants were used (four dimensions: 1.5x10mm, 1.5x12mm, 2x10mm and 2x12mm), in nine patients and a total of 18 teeth to be intruded.

The insertion procedure was performed according to the manufacturer's recommendations.

The stability of the mini implants was evaluated monthly measuring its clinical mobility by means of a digital Boley gauge. It was found that all the mini implants placed were effective as bony anchorage to carry out the intrusive movement in spite of the appearance of mobility in some of them, which is indicative that mini implant can have certain movement range without losing its clinical effectiveness.

It was found that variables such as the force applied to the mini implant, the dimension (length and diameter) and the insertion torque are not related to stability. Conversely, it was found that mini implants located in the palatal mucosa were more stable than those located in the vestibular area.

The keratinized gingiva presents better clinical conditions (less inflammation and hyperplasia) than the alveolar mucosa for the mini implant placement to secure the stability through time. In the radiographic evaluation were found no signs of root resorption in any molar.

Key Words: Orthodontic anchorage procedures, tooth movement, molar intrusion, mini implant stability.

SHEAR BOND STRENGTH TITANIUM BRACES VS, STAINLESS STEAL BRACES IN TORQUE MOMENTES , A COMPARATIVE STUDY

32 Juan Fernando Aristizabal *, Carlos Andrés Marín**; Sergio Andrés Velásquez **

Universidad del Valle, Escuela de Odontología, Post grado de Ortodoncia.

Abstract

Actually present Orthodontics has new materials that facilitate to the professional a suitable handling of tactically important points such as the adhesion, aesthetic, resistance to diverse forces and biocompatibility, being these vital factors in the search of a successful treatment. Considering the direct relation between the shear bond strength, the adhesion, the types of force generated and the physical and chemical characteristics, the objective of the present study was to compare the shear bond strength of titanium braces and stainless steel braces at torsion moments, thus was made a study in Vitro with 30 titanium braces and 30 stainless steel braces using 60 human premolars, in which they were submitted to torsion moments with stainless steel wires of 0.019x0.025 Ormco corp. With the aid of an Instrom machine specifically adapted for this study that allowed evaluating the shear bond strength for this two materials.

Key Words: Titanium, stainless, torsion, shear bond strength

21 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia RELACIÓN DE LAS MALOCLUSIONES CON EL TAMAÑO Y ANGULACIÓN DE 33 LA BASE CRANEAL BOLAÑO Claudia*, Residente postgrado Ortodoncia FUSM, PLAZA Patricia**, Directora postgrado Ortodoncia FUSM, RUNCI Paola*** Docente postgrado Fundación Universitaria San Martin Facultad De Odontologia Postgrados, Sede Bogotá Abstract

The aim of the present study was to observe the possible relationship of the esqueletal malocclusion with the longitude and angulation of the cranial base taking in concern the sex and to compare three different analysis to obtain the malocclusion classification. 200 cephalometric x-rays of patients from 8 to 12 years old were taken and divided in four groups having in concern the British standard classification of incisor malocclusion, each group was also divided by sex. Longitudinal measures of the cranial base; (S-N; Ptm-N; Ar-N) and angular measures ( S-N-Ba; S-N-Ar) were compare whith class I, II and III (basal arch by Sassouni and incisor classification). The Pearson analysis of correlation the T of Bonferroni were utilized and ANOVA of two ways between sex and incisor classification . The result showed a statistical difference in the classification of the esqueletal malocclusionsh among the three used evaluation analysis (ANB, basal arch of Sassouni and Incisor Classification) . Being single agreement in ANB and Sassouni in Class II and in incisor classification and Sassouni in class III. The results of the study don't support the theories on a strong influence of the angulation and the size of the cranial base in the etiology of the malocclusions, contrary, it seems that the conformation of the malocclusions is much more complex and not an isolated factor but rather a combination of structural factors and differences in maxilo mandibular growth that on the whole act offering proportion or disproportion in the sagittal relationships.

Key Words: Base Cranial, Maloclusiones, Basal Arch Sassouni

SHAPE AND NUMBER PREVALENCE ALTERATIONS IN INFANT PATIENTS AT “JUAN MANUEL MENDEZ BECHARA” DENTISTRY CLINIC, BETWEEN 2000- 2007-1. 34 Cely Cecília Carriazo Diaz, Julieth De la ossa Hoyos, Yuly Paulina Flórez Oviedo, Maria Paola López Sierra, Dra. Celina Patiño, Dra. María del Pilar Rodríguez Universidad del Sinú

Abstract

Inheritance, endocrine factors, development, systemic pathologies and local factors, could develop some, shape, and number alterations during teeth development. Prevalence of these anomalies is not well-known in our population. For this reason, it was decided to make a research, to determine the prevalence of shape, and number alterations detected in infant patients at “Juan Manuel Mendez Bechara Dentistry clinic” between 2001 - 2007-1. The study was observational, descriptive and retrospective. 1131 clinical histories were studied, with panoramic x-rays of infant patients. There were found 107 anomalies, (54 male and 53 female). The information was statistically processed. Germination and fusion were present in an equal proportion. It wasn't any etiology factor associated with any anomaly.

Key Words: Dental anomalies, fusion, Gemination, Supernumeraries, Hypodontia

22 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia PREDICTOR CAPACITY PETROVIC'S METHOD FOR PATIENTS WITH CLASS III MALOCCLUSIONS EVALUATED THROUGH MULTIVARIATED 35 METHODS Natalia Carrillo Mendigaño, Clementina Infante Contreras

Facultad de Odontología - Universidad Nacional de Colombia Abstract

Introduction: The criterion to decide to make early treatment in class III malocclusion, is not yet clear, depend to identify individuals pretreatment characteristics that can use as predictors for malocclusion successful correction.

Objective: The purpose of this research was to identify the predictor capacity Petrovic's method on the determination of the success of the treatment with maxillary protraction.

Materials and Methods: 30 patients treated with facial mask whit 2 x-rays one before and one after the mask were chose. This X-rays were digitalized and measured with the software, cefalometro (error p 0.417), The patients were classified in success's groups according to the cefalometric variations observed. The data base was analyzed according to fisher's exact test, stepwise, univariated, and discriminant analysis.

Results: 55.56% of the persons for whom the auxological category predicted as badly grown, presented not successful treatments, 50% individuals with a prediction of regular grown, presented a moderated response, and the 25% individuals with good prediction of grown presented successful results. (p value 0.4229). Additionally, the discriminant analysis done between the initial variables and the system of classification of success dropped as predictor variables SNA, ANSMe and GoGnPal with a sensibility of 50% for the non successful group 62.5% for the successful, and 100% for the moderated.

Conclusions: It's concluded that the ability to predict of the Petrovic method is 57.71% and that the variables SNA, ANSMe and GoGnPal have a close relation with the success of the treatment with facial mask on patients class III skeletal Malocclusion.

Key Words: “Prediction”, “Class III malocclusion”, “Facial Mask”, “Petrovic”, “Discriminant analysis”

DESIGN AND TO EVALUATE METH OF ANALYSIS PREDICTION DISCREPANCY OSEODENTARIE IN MIXED TEETHING 36 William Hernandez Escamilla, Amparo Balseca De Rodriguez, Gustavo Barros Bermudez, Claudia Roman Universidad De Cartagena

Abstract

Objective: To design and to evaluate method of analysis prediction width canine mesiodistal and premolars superior permanent non erupcioned in mixed teething by means of the application two formulates mathematics.

Materials and methods: Study type descriptive correlacional in 150 model studies permanent teething of patient they attended clinical graduate degree orthodontics University of Cartagena 2004-2007.Inclusion criteria: without size anomalies, its forms and number, without presence cavity interproximal, lost premature of tooth, without presence of very severe packing that they impede their mensuration.

Results: sex femenine: Prediction of canine correlation coefficient r = 0.90;average :8.0;deviatión standar:0.39.Prediction for premolars: correlation coefficient : 0.78;average:14.97;deviatión standar:1.15. Sex masculine: Prediction of canine correlation coefficient r = 0.92; average: 8.16; deviation standar: 0.37. Prediction for premolars: correlation coefficient r: 0.77; average: 14.9; deviation standar: 1.06

Conclusion: Is obtained better prediction levels for the eruption of canine and premolars superiors non erupcionated when they are for separate and for sex difference and mainly taking the measures dental characteristic of the patient

Key Words: Prediction, Width Mesiodistal, Discrepancy Oseodentarie, Mixed Teething.

23 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia PILOT STUDY ON THE MUSCULAR EFFECTS PRODUCED BY THE PLANAS DIRECT TRACKS ADAPTATION IN PATIENT WITH DEEP BITE BETWEEN 37 THE 3 AND THE 5 YEARS OF AGE Jesús Alberto Hernández, Sandra Ximena Echeverry, Carlos De Los Reyes

Universidad del Valle

Abstract

A pilot study in a sample of 7 children with deep bite who were between 3 and 5 years old was carried out with the purpose of evaluating the electromyographic changes after Planas Direct Tracks (PDT) adaptation. An initial electromyographic register of the masseter and anterior temporal right muscles was made while the children chewed gum. A month after the PDT adaptation, a second electromyographic register was taken and comparisons were made. Although an electromyographic activity decrease tendency was presented, the changes were not statistically significant.

Key Words: Planas Direct Tracks, Deep Bite, Electromyograhy, EMG

EFFECTIVENESS IN THE PREDICTION OF MESIODISTAL DENTAL SIZE APPLYING THE MOYERS AND TANAKA-JOHNSTON ANALYSIS IN PATIENTS IN TREATMENT IN THE ORTHODONTIC CLINIC OF THE 38 UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION SAN MARTÍN COLOMBIA PORT Maritza Manotas Noriega, Clara Bustos Parra

Fundacion Universitaria San Martin Sede Puerto Colombia Abstract

The Objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Moyers and Tanaka-Johnston space analysis in the prediction of the mesiodistal dental size of unerupted maxillary and mandibular permanent canine and premolares, in the patients assisted in the clinic of orthodontics of the F.U.S.M.A Samples of 76 study models were taken from the clinic of Orthodontics of this university. The sample taken was 49 female and 26 male, in permanent dentition, that fulfilled the inclusion approaches, to which the predictions of Moyers and Tanaka-Johnston applied and the results were compared with the real measurements of the mesiodistal dental size of maxillary and mandibular permanent canine and premolares taken directly from the study models. The instrument used to carry out the measurements was a digital caliper; The values were obtained using the statistical analysis T Student. This test was carried out with the Software Statgraphic. The results indicate that the difference was statistically significant among the values predicted by the method of Moyers and Tanaka - Jonston, when being compared with the real mesiodistal diameter of canine and premolares in female patients. On the opposite in the male patients the differences that were presented were not statistically significant, thus one concludes that when using these space analyses in the patients of the orthodontic clinic of the University Foundation San Martin have limitations in the results and the influence of sex is marked.

Key Words: Orthodontics, prediction, Space, methods, mesio-distal.

24 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia ECTOPIC ERUPTION OF THE FIRST PERMANENT MOLAR IN THE 39 UPPER JAW Jackeline Mulett Vásquez, Hernán Parra Sánchez. Collaborators students: Hernán Restrepo, Catalina Pinzón, Laura Cristina Cifuentes, Alirio Osorio Autonoma University of Manizales Abstract

Aim: To determine the frequency and characteristics of ectopic eruption of the first permanent maxillary molars in children between 6 and 9 years old.

Materials and method: A transversal-correlational descriptive study that was carried out with the clinical records of 48 children (male and female) who met the inclusion criteria: 24 of them with ectopic eruption and 24 in the control group. The frequency for the type of eruption, the reabsorption of the distal root of five temporals, the position of 16 and 26, the length of the upper jaw and the type of anteroposterior occlusion were stated. Chi square for the type of eruption and radicular reabsorption as well as Student's T test, among the angular and longitudinal measures, were applied.

Results: In the study group, 22 cases presented bilateral ectopic eruption and 2 of them, unilateral ectopic eruption. Reversible ectopic eruption was associated to slight reabsorption in the distal root of the fifth temporal (p<0.05). Ectopic eruption of predominant 26 was reversible and was statistically related to (p>0.05) severe reabsorption in the distal root of 65. There was a statistical difference (p<0.05) between the angle of 16 and the NPL (cephalometric points) distance of 16, thus being smaller in the study group.

Conclusions: Reabsorption was slight for the distal root in the cases of reversible ectorpic eruption of 16 and mild-to-severe reabsorption in the cases of irreversible ectopic eruption in 16, (p<0.05). The mild radicular reabsorption of the second temporal molar was related to irreversible ectopic eruption of 26.

Key Words: Ectopic Eruption, Pathological Reabsorption, Posterior Discrepancy, Precocious Diagnosis

“EFFECT OF THE RIGID OCLUSAL SPLINT ON THE GROWTH OF THE MAXILLARY ARCH AND BRUXISM SIGNS IN CHILDREN WITH DECIDUOS DENTITION”. PILOT STUDY. 40 Isabel Cristina Patiño Restrepo, Claudia Cecilia Restrepo Serna, Isabel Cristina Medina Alzate, Gabriel Jaime Gallego Ramírez, Emery Álvarez Varela, Alejandro Peláez Vargas. CES University. Abstract

Objective: A controlled randomized blind clinical trial was made to evaluate the effects of a rigid occlusal splint on the growth of the maxillary alveolar bone, the dental wear and bruxism signs.

Materials and Methods: 36 subjects between ages 3 to 6 were included, with complete primary dentition and dental wear. They had a high anxiety level plus 2 or more signs of TMJ pathology and their guardians reported bruxism. The subjects were randomized and distributed in a control and an experimental group. In the experimental group, a rigid occlusal programmed splint was installed which they used until the beginning of their mixed dentition. Casts of the upper arch were taken every 6 months during the deciduous dentition, in which dental wear was digitized and the arch dimensions were measured. The anxiety and TMJ tests were taken again to the control and experimental group at the end of the study. Data was then analyzed using the t-student test and Wilcoxon rank sum test.

Results: The dimensions of the maxillary arch, dental wear, anxiety level and TMJ pathology did not have any statistically significant difference. Bruxism or tooth grinding noises reported by parents decreased in both groups.

Conclusion: The use of a rigid occlusal splint did not affect growth of the maxillary bone, but neither did it diminished the TMJ pathology signs, anxiety levels nor the amount of dental wear on the subjects.

Key Words: Bruxism, rigid occlusal splint, dental wear

25 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia HERITABILITY OF CRANEOFACIAL CHARACTERISTIC IN CLASS II DIVISION 1 MALOCLUSSIÓN, EVALUATED BETWEEN PARENTS AND 41 OFFSPRING AND AMONG SIBLINGS. A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY Antonia Rosero Lasso, Clementina Infante Contreras, Humberto Arboleda Granados Facultad de Odontología – Universidad Nacional de Colombia Abstract

Introduction: The cephalometric characteristic heritability of class II malocclusion is a controversial theme. It is assessed from cephalometric variables in monozygotic and dizygotic twins and between parents/offspring and among siblings.

Objective: estimate the genetic contribution, through cephalometric variables of class II division 1 malocclusion; between parents (including uncles and aunts) and offspring and among siblings.

Materials and Methods: in the lateral x-ray, we take verticals and sagitals skeletal variables, and dentals variables. From 43 subject class II division 1; 5 men and 4 women fulfilled the inclusion approaches; from whom all the possible relatives were included. The x-rays and its measurements were digitized. The calculation of the systematic Error by means of test paired t and p<0.05. Heritability: among parents/offspring was used,

2 2 i = *2 bh i and among siblings = *2 rh i ; a graphic method was also used with polygons type Downs.

Results: heritability statistically significant if p<0.10. Among parents/offspring; were inheritable: vertically: inferior former facial height (ANS-me *), inclination mandible plane (SN-PM) and axis "Y". Sagitally: maxillary longitude (PNS-ANS *), SNA and SNB. Dentally was not heritability. Among siblings; vertically: inferior former facial height (ANS-me), longitude of the branch (Ar-Go), angle of maxillary inclination (SN-PP *), axis G * and "Y", and posterior facial height (S-Go). Sagitally: SNA, SNB. And dentally: inclination of the incisive with palatine plane (Is-PP) and with SN (Is-SN). (*more inheritable).

Conclusions: our discoveries agree with previous studies: bigger vertical genetic control that sagital, little dental heritability among parents/offspring. Bigger heritability among siblings; it can be due to the effect cohabitation.

Key Words: “Genetic class II malocclusion”, “genetic malocclusions”, “etiology malocclusions”, “environments and genetic”, “pedigree and malocclusions”, “heritability”.

EVALUATION OF DIMENSIONAL VARIATIONS OF SLOT HEIGHTS OF NEW 42 BRACKETS. Sarria Mª Fernanda, Tamayo Ángela, Pardo Marco A. Tamayo Martha, Mora Ingrid, Bautista Gloria Graduate School of Orthodontics. School of Dentistry. Universidad El Bosque Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of the slot height of new standard edgewise and straight arch brackets of four different companies and to compare the slot size of standard brackets. A total of 830 brackets were chosen as the sample by a probability method; 134 brackets from each company for the edgewise standard technique with an 0.018-inch slot (American Orthodontics, OrthoUSA) and 281 brackets from each company for the straight arch technique, Roth prescription, with an 0.018-inch slot (GAC) and 0.022-inch slot (Ormco), which were subdivided by dental group due to the differences in torque and angulation for each type of tooth.. The tolerance range was established based on the Creekmore data of 0.0182 to 0.0187 inch for a 0.018-inch slot and of 0.020 and 0.025 inch for a 0.022-inch slot. The results showed that the slot height of the evaluated brackets did not coincide with the data reported by the manufacturer. The average slot (0.01970 ± 0.001516) of the American Orthodontics brackets was the least accurate according to the maximum range of the reference. For the straight arch (preadjusted appliance) brackets from GAC, it was found that the lower incisors and lower canines presented the most variation in their average values from the reference value, while in the straight arch brackets from Ormco the same happened for lower canine, first and second-lower premolars. This variation of the slot height should be kept in mind due to the direct implication it has over the control of the final dental position.

Key Words: slot, torsional play, inch.

26 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia EFECTOS DEL RECICLADO Y USO CLINICO EN LAS PROPIEDADES DE CARGA – DEFLEXION DE LAS ALEACIONES DE ALAMBRES DE NIQUEL 43 –TITANIO. ESTUDIO IN VIVO. Sarria Mª Fernanda, Tamayo Ángela, Pardo Marco A. Tamayo Martha, Mora Ingrid, Bautista Gloria Universidad El Bosque Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of recycling on the load-deflection characteristics that include slope of the loading, martensitic phase, transformation phase and super-elasticity, of the nickel - titanium alloy wire, subjected to two cycles of clinical use and cold or heat sterilization. 70 preformed nickel titanium wires of 0.016 inches of the 3MUnitek ® Corporation Monrovia California were analyzed, used in the patients of the dental clinic University El Bosque, Bogotá. A procedure of randomized was carried out, separated into 2 groups: Cold and heat sterilization (n = 35 wires for each group). The wires were analyzed in three times: as-received condition (T0), 4 weeks of clinical use and sterilization (T1) and 8 weeks of clinical use and sterilization (T2). The changes were analyzed by means of a flexion test using a transducer of force Instron.

The findings showed that the nickel - titanium wires when were subjected to recycling and sterilization presents changes in the values of the slope of the loading and unloading. During the phases of unloading of the load-deflection curve was observed that in the martensitic phase, significant differences existed among the times (T0 vs. T1 and T0 vs. T2). Additionally, the wires heat sterilized showed a tendency to be less rigid than those that were cold sterilization.

Key Words: Nickel - Titanium, Recycling, Sterilization.

DESIGN OF A MODEL OF UTILITY OF THE HEAD OF THE MINI-IMPLANTS 44 FOR ORTHODONTIC Paula Vanegas, Griselda Serna, Nuria Vergel, Lina Mariño, Nidia Cuartas

Colegio Odontologico Colombiano Abstract

Purpose: To make the technological design of a model of utility of the head of mini-implants used in orthodontic. Methods: Technological design whose object of study is the head of the mini ones - implants. The analyzed categories were angles of the head, diameter of slot, autoligate's system, closes and opening of the cover, neck, orifices and length or profile of the head of the mini implants. In investigations made in Colegio Odontològico Colombiano with mini implant, the clinical necessity was determined to improve the conditions the bound one and to give greater versatility. As an initial plane of these did not exist, a rise on scale 12:1 was made. From this, five sketches with different modifications were designed: hexagonal neck, head with 4 fins T, autoligate's system, diminution of the size for greater comfort of the patient. Finally a last design was obtained that responded to the previous necessities. Results: The obtained final design displayed the following characteristics: An overall height of the head to the neck of 2,83 mm, distributed in 1.75 mm and 1,08 mm respectively, with wide of 3,48 mm and one depth of 3 mm. Each fin T that conforms the head of mini-implants measures 1mm of height by 0,93 mm wide and presents/displays a superior orifice whose diameter is of 0.2mm. Conclusions: The design of a model of utility of the head was developed of mini-implants with a autoligate's system, which offers a greater versatility in agreement with the necessities of the treatment; since it displays a hexagonal neck that will possibly improve the subjection to the screwdriver. The form of the fins and the presence of orifices in them will facilitate the positioning of different additions from bound.

Key Words: Heads of Mini-implant, Model of utility, versatility, autoligate.

27 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia 55 P Oral, Medicine and Surgery, Radiologys, Oclussion and Tmj

28 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES IN CHILDREN FROM 1 TO 5 YEARS OF THE “INSTITUTO COLOMBIANO DE BIENESTAR FAMILIAR” IN CALI. 2006 45 María Cristina Arango, Adriana Jaramillo, José Julián Cadena, Mary Luz Mazuera

University of Valle Abstract The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of caries of the early childhood (ECC) in a population of children from 1 to 5 years old who belong to the Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar in the city of Cali, year 2006, and to identify the possible risk factors, using two different indexes for measurement. A total of 370 individuals that belong to the ICBF were examined.

The indices compared where dmf and modified ICDAS, and the plaque level was measured using Sillness and Loe index adapted to temporal dentition.

Surveys were made to the parents or guardians of the children to make a description of the ECC risk factors. The caries prevalence using dmf-t index was 49% and 71% with modified ICDAS.

The baby's bottle ingestion was common in 44.3% of children, 14% of whom received toothbrush after the practice.

The results show the importance of implementing more sensitive diagnostic criteria at the moment of the clinical examination in order to establish policies of treatment according to each population and individual, acting in the most opportune moment which is the preventive stage.

Key Words: Early childhood caries (ECC), diagnostic criteria, dmf-t, modified ICDAS, risk factors.

FACTORS ASSOCIATE THAT MAKE DIFFICULT THE EXODONCIAS OF 46 THIRD MOLARES, THE TEST PILOT Yenny Carolina Becerra, Claudia Nataly Porras, Karen Lisbeth Mejia, Leidy Andrea Ruiz, .Lorena Sánchez, Lizney Jiménez. Colegio Odontologico Colombiano Abstract

Objective: To determine the factors associate that make difficult the exodoncias of third molares, in agreement with the demographic variables, anatomical and operative; establishing the degree of difficulty by means of the surgical time, in the patients who attended the clinic of Colombian the Odontológico School.

Materials and methods: The test pilot was made with 31 patients, to who surgery of 90 was made to them third molares, 41 maxilares and 49 mandibulares. The data were briefed in two instruments: the Number the 1, surgical and 2 Number Radiográfico. The demographic, anatomical and operative variables considered.

The information was tabulada in a leaf of Microsoft Excel soon to be processed in statistical software SPSS version 12,0, all the tests are made with a level of significance of 0.05.

Results: I am made a model of linear regression where the significant variables with respect to the time in molares maxilares were: the classification of Pell & Gregory (oclusal), degree of eruption, design of the suture-relajante, type of the suture and trauma of the suture. At level of molares mandibulares was significant: buccal opening, degree of eruption, odontosección and area of osteotomía.

Conclusions: Of this study it is possible to be concluded that is a very noticeable difference in the surgical time of third molares superior and inferior.

Key Words: Surgery, Extraction, Factors, Including. Suture, Zecria, Mucoperiostico, Odontosección, Osteotomía.

29 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia PRESENCE OF CANDIDA SPP. IN CHILDREN WHO ATTEND DENTAL CLINICS OF THE UNIVERSITY ANTONIO NARIÑO DURING THE FIRST SEMESTER OF 2006, BOGOTÁ 47 Bohórquez A, Sonia del Pilar.; Campuzano F. Silvia E., Gallón N. Julián F.; Sánchez G. Yolanda. Acosta Edgar Francisco, Lara Martha Ayure, Castro Cesar Augusto, Cuellar Clemente, Garavito Hector, Panqueva Victor Manuel y Panqueva Siervo. Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá Abstract Objective: To determine Candida spp presence and phenotypic characterization, in the healthy children population attended at the Antonio Nariño University, dental clinics.

Materials and Methods: Of 220 examined children, 189 were selected according to inclusion and exclusion approaches; ages between 4 to 12 years. It was take a sample of the oral mucosa with sterile hyssops, cultivated in Agar Sabouraud, for duplicated, at 37ºC., for 48 hours. Of the positive cultures it was carried out lactophenol blue and Gram stains, to verify the presence of yeasts; of these positive samples the microorganisms were isolated to phenotypic characterization for enzymatic and colorimetric method of Remel®. The positive specimens for Candida albicans were cultivated in serum by 2 hours and it was used calcofluor white to observe the pseudomycelial formation for immunofluorescence. The chlamidosporas presence was detected by culture in corn flour agar added with Tween 80.

Results: Positive results were obtained in 21 children, (11.1%), over the population in study. Candida albicans was identified in 13 (61.9%) of the positive test, representing 6.88% of the total, being the frequently identified species. The species guillermondii and kefyr were obtained in 2 children each one. The species zeylanoides, parapsilosis, intermedia, famata and lambica were each one identified in an individual. In two cases that were initially positive for yeasts was determined the presence of Cryptococcus albidus. It was proven the pseudomycelial formation and chlamidosporas for Candida albicans.

Conclusion: Candida spp. cannot be considered as an habitual component of oral microflora.

Key Words: Candida, albicans, presence, oral, candidiasis

COMPARISION OF LABIAL TOPOGRAPHY AMONG FAMILIAR GROUPS USING THE CHEILOSCOPY METHOD.

48 Andrés Felipe Cadavid Toro, Diana Carolina Arango Botero, Rosaura Márquez Sáenz, Luz Nallyve Lopera Meneses, Paula Andrea Pérez Quintero, Mauricio

Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, sede Envigado.

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the characteristics of the labial lip prints among parents and sons, using the cheiloscopy technique as an identification method.

Materials and methods: A descriptive study was performed using a convenience sampling method with 47 family groups (father, mother and biological son) of students belonging to the Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia faculty of dentistry. Previous inform consent giving, lip prints were obtained from each participant using adhesive transparent tape (with the lips relaxed) and were compared evaluating labial commissure disposition, lip thickness and lip stretch type.

Results: When the analysis by family group was performed, only one family coincided totally in the inferior labial sequence, no totally coincidences were observed in the superior lip. The 89.4% (42/47) and 97.8% (46/47) of the families did not coincide in the superior and inferior labial stretches sequences respectively.

Conclusion: The mean finding of this study was the predominance of lacking of coincidence in the labial stretch sequence. Each participant had predominance of his own labial stretch sequence, independent of what his parents registered.

Key Words: Cheiloscopy, lip prints, family, identification

30 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia ASOCIATION BETWEEN A DICREASE OF SALIVARY FLUID AND XEROSTOMIA HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RENAL DEFICIENCY 49 Dra. Sandra M. Espitia Nieto. Estomatóloga y Cirujana Oral Docente. Universidad del Magdalena, Dr. Luís del Castillo Parodi Médico. Internista- Nefrólogo. Docente Universidad del Magdalena, Belfran A. Carbonell Medina, Ana P. Morelo Villarreal, Milytza J. Pacheco Salcedo, Estudiantes De Odontología, Décimo Semestre

Abstract University Of Magdalena

Chronic renal deficiency is the slow and progressive loss of kidney function. .the oral systems that are directly related to this disease are xerostomia (dry mouth) which is accompanied by hiposalivation (a decrease of saliva fluid). This causes complications for the oral health of the patient such as, periodontal illness, fungal bacterial infections, and difficulty speaking, swallowing and ingesting liquids. Adversely affecting the patients life. However there has not been any studies that show the relationship between xerostomia (dry mouth) and hiposalivation (a decrease of saliva fluid).

The before mentioned, made us run some studies of hemodialysis patients with chronic kidney deficiency to show signs of xerostomia. All patients were studied in a state of rest and activity. The average level of saliva found among patients in the state a rest was found to be 0.342ml/min and those in a state of activity were 1.109ml/min.demostrating that xerostomia is associated with hiposalivation in the state of rest with an Odds ratio = 2.3 and RR of 1.23, but there was no association between xerostomia and hiposalivation in the stimulated state with an Odds ratio = 0.75 and RR of 0.93 . Thus it can be concluded that hemodialysis pacients with chronic deficiency show signs of hiposalivation with or without the manifestation of dry mouth.

Key Words: Chronic renal deficiency, Hemodialysis, Xerostomia, Hiposalivation.

REVERSIBILITY OF THE MANDIBULAR RIGOR MORTIS THROUGH SODIUM BICARBONATE IN HUMANS. 50 Jose manuel fernandez chaves, Paola rocío hernández toloza, Maria mercedes tovar, Isabel riveros, Gloria Cristina moreno abello

Pontificia Universidad Javeriana

Abstract

The main problem for the forensic odontologist during the first hours after death is the limited oral opening due to rigor mortis developed in the masticatory muscles. Objective: To determinate the efficacy of sodium bicarbonate in the reversion of rigor mortis.

Method: An ex-vivo experimental design was developed. Forty unidentified cadavers autopsied at the Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses of Bogotá were selected and divided randomly in two groups, an experimental group (sodium bicarbonate) and a control group (distillated water). Based in the muscular pH found in 10 cadavers (ph:6.0), the sodium bicarbonate concentration was established in 0,01M. The oral opening was measured previously before the injection of the substances was performed, 5 Ml of the substances were injected extraorally in the masseter and temporal muscles bilaterally, after this, the oral opening was measured every 60 minutes until an “useful” opening was achieved (30 mm). The maximum force applied was standardized in Newtons with a Molt mouth opener previously calibrated with a dynamometer.

Results: The final oral opening achieved with the sodium bicarbonate 0,01M was significantly bigger than the one obtained with the distillated water (p 0.000). At 3 hours the bicarbonate produced an useful oral opening of 30.9±5.5mm.

Conclusion: Sodium bicarbonate accelerates the reversion of mandibular rigor mortis and represents a non traumatic, inexpensive and effective method to achieve postmortem oral opening.

Key Words: Rigor mortis, oral autopsy, sodium bicarbonate.

31 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia THE PRESENCE OF THE VHH-8 IN KAPOSI´S SARCOMA IN PATIENTS HIV 51 POSITIVE OF THE ESE SIMON BOLIVAR HOSPITAL OF BOGOTA Diana Carolina Grajales, Nelson Hernán Ramírez, Yuri Andrea Peña.

Colegio Odontologico Colombiano Abstract Objective: Is to determine the presence of the VHH-8 in Kaposi´s Sarcoma in patients HIV positive of the ESE Simon Bolivar Hospital of Bogota.

Method: A transversal descriptive study was carried out in 25 blocks of paraffin study samples diagnosed with Kaposi´s Sarcoma in HIV positive patients of the ESE Simon Bolivar Hospital of Bogota. These were analyzed in a virology lab of the University El Bosque using a PCR test determining the presence or absence of the herpes virus type 8 ( VHH-8 ).

Results: Of the 25 samples of HIV positive patients with Kaposi´s Sarcoma included in this study, the average age was 36.32 +/- 6.12 years old ( range of 27 to 48 years ). The sexual preference is significantly associated to the socioeconomic status. The most affected area is mouth and extremities. In the oral cavity the most common place was hard palate, followed by tongue, soft palate and lips.

Conclusions: The sociodemographic factors studied were significant for this study. The patients with herpes virus type 8 have a lower load level than those without the virus. The herpes virus type 8 was present in 48% (12) of the patients with Kaposi´s Sarcoma.

Key Words: Aids, Kaposi´s Sarcoma, Herpes Virus type 8, PCR Test

MANDIBULAR MORPHOLOGY PREDICTION THROUGH NEURAL 52 NETWORKS: FORENSIC APPLICATIONS Guevara Pérez Sonia Victoria, Infante Contreras Clementina

Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia.

Abstract

Introduction: The facial reconstruction in forensic identification is based on the creation of an image bi or three-dimensional of an individual from his osseous structures; nevertheless in the cases in which the mandible is not present, for being a bone independent from the rest of the cranium, the above mentioned method presents limitations.

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop by means of neuronal networks, a model to estimate the mandible morphology, from dimensions of cranium and maxillary structures.

Materials and methods: We use frontal and lateral X-ray digitized of 50 men and 50 women, Class I of Angle, between 18 and 25 years; we measured cranium, maxillary and mandible dimensions. A model of supervised neuronal networks was constructed from 11 prediction craniomaxillar variables and 11 explanatory ones, with which different mandible dimensions were estimated; later we calculate the mean errors of the above mentioned estimations with confidence intervals to 95 %.

Results: The mean error of estimation was small (<0.8 cm and <1 º), for the most of the estimated variables, demonstrating the usefulness of the neuronal networks method to forecast the jaw morphology from cranium and maxillary dimensions.

Conclusions: The use of the neuronal networks showed to be effective for the prediction of variables of size and position of jaw, from variables of position and size of cranium and maxillary.

Key Words: Mandible, Neural Networks, Anthropometry, Human Identification, Prediction

32 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia RAPID PROTOTYPING OF CRANIOFACIAL STRUCTURES: CASE REPORT 53 Juan Felipe Isaza Saldarriaga, Rafael Mauricio Naranjo Pizano, Uriel Zapata Múnera Grupo de Investigación en Bioingeniería (GIB) – Universidad EAFIT- Universidad CES. Medellín – Colombia. Abstract This article presents a description of rapid prototipyng technology applied to the medicine, especially to craniofacial problems. At the same time, describes a specific application with the purpose of create scientific evidence at national level, from the simulation surgery to insert four screws, which are constituted in the base of implant-supported fixed prosthesis. The surgical procedure was made on a plastic jaw made using rapid prototipyng technology, by means of which solid models are constructed in 3D by addition of material. Mandibular geometry was obtained from biomedical images processing of an adult woman, totally edentulous and with mandibular bone resorption of alveolar apophasis. This process was made using GIB_Points_3D software, developed within the present work. This software generates a text file with 3D cloud points of the jaw and later it is exported to the commercial software ProEngineer Wildfire 3.0, from which a STL standard format file is generated. This file is compatible with most rapid prototipyng machines. The technology used for 3D impression was FDM-“Fused Deposition Modeling”. It was obtain a jaw plastic model, with anatomical and dimensional high quality, using technology available in Colombia. In addition, the implant-supported fixed prosthesis surgical procedure was simulated successfully.

Key Words: Rapid Prototyping, craniofacial structures, biomedical images, cloud points, 3D xxxxxxxxxxxxreconstruction, Fixed prosthesis

HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINES USEFUL IN THE TREATMENT OF 54 STOMATOGNATIC SYSTEM DISEASES. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Sandra Lucía Patiño N., Maria Consuelo Suarez M., Andrea Monroy Diaz

Universidad Nacional De Colombia Facultad De Odontologia

Abstract

Scientific articles (24) identify usefulness of homeopathic medicines in treatment of stomatognathic system. Two tables were established: the first one relates 55 homeopathic medicines with pathologies of the stomatognathic system; the second one counterrelates pathologies with medicines. Literature available in different languages includes: bibliography reports, controlled clinical tests, reports of cases and cross section studies. 70% of controlled clinical tests showed effectiveness; 10% showed null effectiveness; in 20%, effectiveness is doubtful due to the methodologic design. Homeopathic treatments were effective when made with patients previously individualized; this fact agrees with the thought proclaimed by the beginners of the homeopathy.

Key Words: Homeopathy, homeopathic medicine, oral pathology, stomatognathic system.

33 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia BEHAVIOR IN VITRO OF THE DENTAL TISSUES AND SOME DENTAL MATERIALS SUBJECTED TO HIGH TEMPERATURES WITH FORENSIC PURPOSE 55 Sandra Milena Moreno Corea, Miguel Evelio León Arcila, Liliana Marín Jiménez, Freddy Moreno Gómez

School of Dentistry, University of Valle, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Abstract Objectives: To describe how the diverse dental tissues (enamel, dentin and cement) and four dental materials (amalgam, composite, glass ionomer and zinc oxide modified cement) react after high temperatures exposure. This to determine those reactions can be used to identify dental human remains after burning of fire exposition (200ºC, 400ºC, 600ºC, 800ºC, 1000ºC, 1200ºC).

Methods and materials: An experimental in Vitro study was performed to determine physical macroscopic and microscopic changes in dental tissues and four dental materials, using 199 extracted teeth after high temperature exposition.

Results: The dental tissues and the four dental materials evaluated showed high resistance to high temperatures without great apparent variation in their physical structure. This feature allows both dental tissues and materials to help forensic identification, however small physical changes were present that generate dimensional expansion, fissures, cracks, fractures and color change.

Conclusions: This study determine that hard dental tissues and four dental materials are able to resist high temperatures without high physical variants that may allow further forensic identification after fire exposure.

Key Words: Forensic dentistry. Dental identification. Dental tissues. Dental materials. High temperatures.

QUEILOSOFT – LABIAL PRINTS

56 Efraín Patiño B., Ingrid Mora , Alfonso Casas , Jonathan Patiño R.

School of Dentistry. GIIMUB RESEARCH GROUP - Universidad El Bosque

Abstract

Various investigations have been conducted in criminology using a labial print pattern, and comparing it with prints collected from suspects or victims, but there have been complications with the material of choice for print collection. Also, for reading and interpretation of samples, it is necessary to divide them into multiple quadrants and millimetrically observe each one of them; procedure which may lead to misinterpretations and errors even under trained eyes, given the vast quantity of information in the sample to be examined. Another limitation of the queiloscopy method, is the storage of samples obtained, with time, the samples deteriorate and the patterns become distorted and dull, limiting observation time and long-term storage, hindering future analysis and comparisons. For this reason, the first phase of the project QUEILOSOFT was developed, and it was the digitalization of a labial print. With the use of Matlab, a labial photography was divided into eighths for a more precise visualization and detailed reading. Afterwards, Matlab was chosen because it is more powerful, versatile and user-friendly when it comes to programming, and for being the key tool in investigation, since it is compatible with scientific advances and work in laboratories of I+D. Thus solving the engineering problems presented in the development of innovative products.

Key Words: Labial prints, queiloscopy, bio-engineering, morphology

34 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia EFFECT OF THE PHYSICAL THERAPY ON THE SIGNS DE BRUXIST THE POSITION OF THE HEAD IN CHILDREN 57 Yasmy Quintero Moncada, Claudia Cecilia Restrepo Serna, Martha Tamayo, Verónica Tamayo, Gabriel Gallego, Alejandro Peláez, Ana Lucia Vélez, Emery Alvarez. Universidad CES Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of physiotherapy to improve the head posture and reduce the signs of bruxism in a group of bruxist subjects.

Materials and Methods: A blind randomized clinical trial was performed. All the subjects were three to six year old, were healthy, had normal facial morphology and class I occlusion. The individuals were included in the study when they assessed the ASDA criteria for bruxism; they presented high level of anxiety, two or more signs of temporomandibular disorders and dental wear. For each child, a clinical, photographic and radiographic evaluation of the head and cervical posture were realized with standardized techniques. The dental wear was processed in digital format. The children were randomized in an experimental (n=13) and a control (n=13) group. A 10 session physiotherapeutic intervention was applied to the children of the experimental group. Afterwards, the cephalogram, the clinical and photographic evaluation of the head posture and the dental wear were measured. Also the anxiety, The TMD and the report of bruxism by the guardians were evaluated again. The data were analyzed with the t-test, the wilcoxon test and the stepwise likelihood ratio method.

Results: The subjects of the experimental group showed statistically significant improvement in the natural head posture. The anxiety, the dental wear and the guardian's report of bruxism reduced as well. TheTMD did not reduce.

Conclusion: The physiotherapeutic intervention showed to be efficient to reduce the signs of bruxism and to improve the head posture in the studied children.

Key Words: Bruxism, Head posture, dental wear, child.

CROSS BITE AND PLAIN FOOT

58 María. Raquel Tobón, Lina Arana, Cristian F. Castillo, Libia Soto Llanos, José Fernando Barreto

University of Valle

Abstract

Introduction: This paper presents the results of a pilot cross an observational epidemiology study performed by 9 and 10 semester students as final demand to obtain the DDS title at the Universidad del Valle, Dentistry School.

Objective: To establish if there are a real relation ship between posterior cross bite and plain feet.

Methods: A group of 10 children within 3 to 12 years old was selected from those who had been attend at the Universidad del Valle Dental School Children Clinics at 9° and 10° semesters to whom “posterior dental cross bite” had been diagnosed. In order to confirm podal alterations a feet print was taken for each patient. An expert trained physiotherapist studied each footprint and diagnosed podal physical troubles like varo foot, cavo foot, additionally she observed legs troubles that could have repercussions on the pelvic waistline and on the spine waists and, trough them, on the stomatognatic system, especially on the Cranium Mandibular Joint function.

Results: 60% of the selected children (6 patients) had unilateral posterior cross bite; 1 patient show typical plain feet (10%) and 8 (80%) patients had “cavo feet” plain feet variety.

Discussiòn: In Colombia there no similar studies so it is impossible to do some serious discussion related to this pilot study. But when the international literature is revised there are some similar studies that could give support to preliminary comparisons.

Key Words: Cross bite, plain foot, corporal out linee, compensation forces, ascendant postural pathologies, descendant postural pathologies.

35 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia 66 Pedagogy and Curriculum

36 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia EVALUATION OF COMMUNITARIAN AREA III-IV-V-VI OF THE SCHOOL OF DENTISTRY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VALLE

59 Astrid Lucia Alarcón Tálaga, Giovanni Beltrán, Francisca Bustamante, Diego Fernando Diaz, Marcela Domínguez. Diana Hernandez, Erika Marín.

University Of Valle Abstract Introduction: Community area at the University of Valle Dentistry School has an important role on dentist formation. In order to make stronger this area programs it had been established a continuous evaluation program through community courses III, IV, V and VI. Objectives: To co evaluate instructional Planning syllabus for III to VI- community courses in order to establish coherence of theory components the application of theories to practice work and the adjustment needs for those syllabus.

Methods: This was an observational descriptive and cross sectional study. Studied subjects were students who had coursed 7º, 8º, 9º and 10º semester community courses at this Dental School during 2005 and during the first 2006 period.

Results: Every community course evaluated had same kind of troubles on its syllabus. The level course was the only one that could show a positive coherence between the instruction plans and the made practice.

Conclusions: All community courses must make stronger efforts to improve methodology and objectives at each area.

Key Words: Community Planning Evaluation, Curriculum, Evaluation

DOCUMENTARY AND AUDIOVISUAL PRODUCTION ABOUT THE EVOLUTION OF THE ODONTOLOGY DEPARTAMENT OF UNIVERSIDAD METROPOLITANA. 60 Buelvas Karem, Celin Santiago Julie, López Elizabeth, Valdeblanquez Carmela, De la Asunción Uriel, De la Cruz Camilo, González Javier, Múnera Alejandro, Peláez Yaneth, Numa Jesús David, Tellez Paola, Visbal Dairo., Dra. Malkún Soraya (Asesora Científica), Dr. De la Cruz Alfredo (Asesor Científico), Dr. Turizo Maritza (Asesora Metodológica Abstract Universidad Metropolitana

The Objective Of The Present Study Consists In Producing A Documentary And Audio-Visual Registry That Emphasizes The Fundamental Aspects To The Evolution Of The Program Of Odontology Of The Metropolitan University Of Barranquilla And Promotes Its Image In The Local, Regional And Nacional Context.

Development A Histotico-Descriptive Study, Was Made A Registry Written And Supported With An Audio-Visual Resorce Through Which It Were Related Change And The Advances That East Program Has Had, Since It Occured To The Service Of The Community Of Barranquilla And The Atlantic Coast In General In 1976.The Document Sustenance Some Of The Standards Contemplated In The Conditions Minimas Of Quality That Established Decree 0917 Of 2001 Referring Ones To The Justification, Academic Denomination Of The Program, Curricular Aspects, Investigativa Formation, Social Projection, System Of Evaluation, Physical Infrastructure And Withdrawn.For The Audiovisual The Testimony Of Educational Directors Considered And Who Are Been In The Institution From Their Beginnings And Have Endorsed The Foundation Acosta Bendek In The Materialization Of This Educative Option.

In Such Sense, To Way To Contextualizar The Created Problem, A Brief Historical Review Became Of The Program Of Odontology In Its 30 Years Of Existence, Like Departure Points Of Its Academic Evolution.Also Rebound The Welfare Educational Work That Metropolitan University Hospital Fulfills The Professionak Futures Of The Odontology In The Foundation.

Key Words: HISTORICAL REVIEW, STANDARDS OF QUALITY.

37 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia CHARACTERIZATION OF THE COMPETITIONS READ WRITE OF THE STUDENTS OF FACULTY OF ODONTOLOGY OF PONTIFICIA UNIVERSITY 61 JAVERIANA Andrea Cubillos Albarracin**, Claudia Patricia Rivero***

Pontificia Universidad Javeriana

Abstract Antecedents: During the last years, it has been questioned on the part of the teachers of odontology of University Javeriana and in general, in the Colombian universities, the quality of understand reader in the professionals formed in this same one, keeping in mind that the society demands what new leaders to have based its formation, the handling and design of technical starting from a theoretical base that make an integral professional's part.

Objective: to diagnose the competitions read write of the students of Faculty of odontology of Pontificia University Javeriana, where it put in game the knowledge with which the reader counts, which are related with the text suggested to go building meanings, achieving a permanent pursuit of the certain process, looking for to understand the no alone evaluation as a matter of punctual, obligatory character and by heart, but of analysis and synthesis, for a permanent academic improvement in the students, professional futures.

Methods: The reference group for the evaluations the competitions read write, it is constituted by the students of Faculty of odontology of Pontificia University Javeriana which are represented by I, V and X semester that were studying in the moment of the application of the test. For the case of this investigation, it have been considered the competitions read write and the levels of evaluation of the same one.

Results: It can infer that the students of first semester have a bigger capacity of understanding read write, followed by tenth semester and lastly fifth semester, results which allow to see the low quality of understanding read write in the students and at the same time the deficiency to compare, to criticize, to propose, to argue, to edit, to create and to solve problems based on previous knowledge and investigation purpose of this study.

Key Words: Reading Understanding, Notarizes, Competitions Read Write

OBSERVATION OF PEDAGOGIC PRACTICES IN PEDIATRIC ODONTOLOGY IN THE DENTALL FACULTY OF UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL 62 DE COLOMBIA Diego Luis Esquivel Campo And Gloria González Castro

Universidad Nacional De Colombia And Universidad Pedagogica Nacional

Abstract

As professors of odontopediatry in the Dental Faculty of Universidad Nacional de Colombia we have perceived some difficulties in the clinical practice of the students, especially when they apply theory.

The objective of this work is to observe some pedagogical practices and to use them as a tool for further analysis that will help the process of teaching.

The methodological approach of this project corresponds to the qualitative ethnographic information that used observation as a method to collect information in a sample that was made out of three pedagogical practices. The data was obtained from film recordings of the classes, notes from the observers and these were complemented with student and professor surveys. Amongst the results of the interpretation of the data some situations that interfere with the learning process were detected.

These issues work as a reflective tool that help to find answers to the problems that the teaching method has. Conclusions were classified in seven groups. One of the most important conclusions that this project has is the suggestion for a revision of the curriculum that focuses mainly on evaluation as a control tool that is not taken as fundamental in the formative process of the student. It is necessary to enhance the comprehension and the learning process amongst the students and to focus the curriculum more in the clinic as a space for the building of knowledge and not as a simple place where knowledge is applied.

Key Words: Ethnographic investigation, observation, pedagogic practices, building of meaning, curriculum, didactics strategy

38 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia INTERACTIVE GUIDE: DIAGNOSIS PROCESS OF THE DENTITION STATUS - UNIVERSIDAD EL BOSQUE.

63 Martignon S, Yee-Yan KL*, Tamayo M.

UNICA–B (Caries Research Unit, Universidad El Bosque)

Abstract The purpose of this work was to design and elaborate a digital book presenting in a didactic, graphic and conceptual way an interactive guide for the diagnosis process of the dentition status at the Dental Faculty' clinics, Universidad El Bosque. For the design and elaboration of this pedagogical tool, internatinal standards were taking into account concerning educational software development (Johnson & Schyler, 1999).

Evidenced-based theoretic fundaments were included in context with the psico-social perspective from the Faculty.

This step-by-step guide has seven chapters. Five chapters correspond to the clinical procedures: radiographic diagnosis; - visual diagnosis; - individual risk assessment; - integral diagnosis y, - treatment decisions. Another chapter contains clinical cases and the last one, theoretic fundaments.

The interactive modality of this CD allows the user to access in a dynamic way to the information in order to write each aspect in the clinical chart.

Key Words: Diagnosis process, dentition status, dental caries, educational software, dental clinical chart.

“MICROCOSMOS” JOURNAL: A SUCCESSFUL EXPERIENCE IN THE EDUCATIONAL 64 OUTCOMES OF THE STUDENTS OF DENTISTRY OF EL BOSQUE UNIVERSITY Mayorga-Fayad I , Lafaurie Gi, Castillo Dm, Aya R, Ruiz Bn, Hurtado P

Oral Microbiology Laboratory. UIBO Institute (Oral Basic Research Unit). Bosque University Abstract

Aim: To develop a pedagogical strategy that stimulates in the students interest for research and introduce them in the knowledge of microbiology and its importance in clinical practice.

Methods: The students must develop along the semester a subject with the requirements of a research work that ends with a paper in the way of a scientific paper presented in public. A poll was elaborated in order to know the aspects related with the elaboration of the paper, the grade of difficulty for its elaboration, its contribution to the professional formation of the students, the management of the audience, and the application of microbiology to different areas of clinical practice and biosafety.

Results: 82% - 94% reported high contribution to its professional and personal formation. The importance of the topics studied was recongnized, as well as the foundations of the knowledges and their relationships with other areas studied along with the oral presentation. 64% reported a high grade of difficulty in writting the paper. 48% do not recommed changes in the methodology developed.

Conclusions: In addition to the development of some skills in research, the method was useful in emphasize the usefulness of microbiology and its relationship with other areas of knowledge. The results lead us to suggest a better communication between teachers of the basic and clinic areas, and to stimulate the developing of critical thinking much more than the simple procedures.

Key Words: Pedagogic strategy, oral microbiology, research methodology, basic-clinical sciences integration

39 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia MODEL OF PROFILE OF THE EDUCATIONAL ONE OF THE CAREER OF 65 DENTISTRY OF THE PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD JAVERIANA. Liliana Johanna Ossa Quebrada, Claudia Patricia Rivero Marquez

Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Abstract Background: Exists the need of a new vision and of a new model of teaching centred in the student, that permit to renew contents, methods, media and practices of teaching of the to know, to form better citizens reported, deeply motivated for learn, to analyze and to solve with critical sense the problems of its society, for undertake and to develop for own initiative projects and to carry out fully its capacities, with sense of social responsibility.

Objective: Identifying, the model of profile of educational of the career of Dentistry, that through the four pillars of the education according to THE UNESCO and the institutional features, will try the formation of the professional that the University expects to offer to the society.

Method: In this work itself development a bibliographical revision that locates it in the environment of the qualitative or interpretive investigation that is focused toward the reconstruction of context, being then a type of documentary study.

Results: The profile of the educational one of the career of dentistry of the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana was obtained, through the revision of the pedagogical, professional qualities and personnels of the educational one, analyzed inside The four pillars of the education formulated by The UNESCO.

Conclusions: To comply the assembly of the missions that are own, the education should be structured around four fundamental learnings, that in the course of the life they will be for each person, in certain sense, the pillars of the education and of the knowledge: to learn to know, that is to say, to acquire the instruments of the comprehension; to learn to do, for be able to influence on the own environment; to learn to live together, for participate cooperating with the others in all the human activities; finally, to learn to be, that collects elements of the three previous.

Key Words: Educator, Teaching, Educational, Master, Profile, Professor

DENTAL CARIES IN EL SALVADOR, FIRST CRITICAL ANALYSIS ABOUT CARIES PREVALENCE AND ORAL HEALTH POLICIES FROM 66 BIOPSICOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE. Néstor, Rojas, Ingrid Mora y Camilo Duque

Universidad El Bosque Abstract

The critical analysis of dental caries epidemiology in El Salvador is part of the project “Dental Caries World Epidemiological Map of Children at School,” developed by the Dental Faculty at the Universidad El Bosque.

WHO data shows a significant decrease of caries in developed countries during the last three decades. In developing countries, the situation is not so promising —although if the policies and projects of the WHO would be applied, the general objectives could be reached.

Apparently, the historical situation of El Salvador doesn't seem to follow the same trend as in other developing countries.The purpose of this study was to analyze the caries in El Salvador by integrating the evidence achieved in descriptive epidemiological studies with the perspectives gained by critical or social epidemiology.

The result is a critical analysis of the current epidemiological studies of caries in El Salvador and an explanation of the epidemiological shift based on the analysis of the historical and social changes in the country during the last decades. The general conclusion is that caries in El Salvador can not be considered solely by biological explanations It demands a deep knowledge of the social and historical process that definitely affects dental caries and also put in evidence the social interest implied in the implementation of oral health international policies in the field of dental caries.

Key Words: El Salvador, Dental caries, DMFt, OMS oral health policies, oral epidemiology, critical epidemiology.

40 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia 77 Periodontic

41 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia INCREASE OF THE ASSOCIATION OF THE SMOKE HABIT AND THE BAD ORAL HYGIENE WITH PERIODONTAL DISEASE IN PATIENTS WHO GO TO 67 DENTAL CONSULTATION TO SANTO TOMAS UNIVERSITY José Duvian Angulo, Luís Carlos Márquez, Martha Xiomara Navas, Luz Elena

Universidad Santo Tomás

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between periodontal disease and smoking habit in patients, whom had assisted to dental consult to USTA Clinic.

Materials and methods: An analytical cross section observational study was made. The universe constituted by 760 patients between 20 and 60 years old and the sample by 178 patients 89 smokers and 89 nonsmokers; selected by means of simple random sampling; the relationship between the presence of Periodontal Disease with each variable, was analyzed by chi2 and Fisher´s Exact test. The multivaried analysis included binomial regression model that considered as an exit variable the presence of Periodontal Disease and like explicatory variables the other aspects.

Results: The presence of a periodontal marker was observed at least in 87%; of these the 10,1% presented bled to the drilling, the 54,5% presented calculations, the 12,9% stock market of 4 to 5mm, and the 9,6% stock market of 6 mm. Of the total of people including in the present study 64% presented loss of insertion, being greater frequency in men 69% that a women with 58%. There was a greater association almost two times to present periodontal disease in smoker patients in comparison with the nonsmokers and greater a relative risk of four times in smoker people with index of regular hygiene.

Conclusion: It was established the habit to smoke is a significant factor in the development and the progression of the periodontales diseases, that the gingival bled one is diminished in these patients and who aspects like the prevention, the education and the motivation of the oral hygiene are fundamental so that this pathology is not developed

Key Words: Peridontal diseases, smoke habit, oral hygienic

TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS (TLRS), PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND C REACTIVE PROTEIN LEVELS IN PERIODONTITI'S PATIENTS 68 Ana Cárdenas, Edwin Oviedo, Arthur Vallejo, David Naizir, Juliette De Avila, Consuelo Romero, Gloria Lafaurie. Instituto Unidad de Investigación Básica Oral U.I.B.O., Facultad de Odontología Abstract

With the mean to study associations between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease, this investigation tries to sustain the role of periodontal disease in the inducing the production of pro inflammatory cytokines and TLR´s in activated monocytes in patients with periodontitis when compared to healthy subjects.

The study population included eighteen subjects diagnosed with generalized chronic periodontitis and generalized aggressive periodontitis, and six periodontal and systemically healthy subjects.

We took peripheral blood samples, for the isolation of monocites and identification of TLR2, TRL4, TNFá, ILâ and IL6 by flow cytometry and C reactive protein levels. The level of cytokine expression and membrane markers between the evaluated groups, demonstrated significant statistical differences for TNFá, TLR2, TLR4 on CD14/HLADR+ monocytes, nevertheless there where no differences found among periodontal diagnosis. We evidence a condition of a basal stimulus for cytokines which in fact permits a maintained expression level of activated monocyte markers (HLA-DR), TLR 2 and TLR 4.

These findings reflects the capability of each individual to resist in a natural way to different bacterial threats associated with this disease following a systemic response.

The C reactive protein don't shown statistics differences between the evaluated groups which could be related with the cytokines concentrations in our study.

Key Words: Proinflammatory cytokines, Toll-like receotors (TLRs), C Reactive Protein (CRP), Monocytes, periodontitis, bacteremia.

42 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF CLORHEXIDINE ON PROLIFERATION AND APOPTOTIC MORPHOLOGY ON HUMAN GINGIVAL FIBROBLASTS IN VITRO 69 Octavio Alberto González Duque, Adriana Acosta Gómez, Germán Darío Díaz, Adriana García Robayo, Sandra Perdomo Lara, Andrés Felipe Vieira, Siu Leng Chan Con, Silvia Odio Toledo Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Centro de Investigaciones Odontológicas Abstract Clorhexidine (CHX) has been commonly used as a quimiotherapeutic agent for conventional and surgical periodontal therapy. zzThe objective of this investigation is to evaluate the effect of CHX on proliferation, cell cycle and apoptotic morphology of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) exposed to this agent on different times and concentrations.

Primary cultures of HGF were obtained from periodontally healthy patients from the dental clinic of the Javeriana University, Bogotá- Colombia. The experiments were done on culture plates with cells incubated at 37ºC and 5% CO2 during 24 hours, using a different plate for each interval of observation of the effect (24, 48 y 72 hours).

Then the different concentrations of CHX were applied (0,001%, 0,0005% y 0,00025%) and incubated for 30 seconds under normal culturing conditions. Control group was maintained on DMEM+ SFB 10% complete medium only.

For the proliferation test the colorimetric MTS test was done and apoptotic morphology was observed under the fluorescence microscope. The results showed cell viability alter 24 hours, a greater number of cells with the CHX treatment; cell death by apoptosis, even though the number of apoptotic cells was limited.

From these results it is possible to conclude CHX concentrations used do not have a significantly statistical effect on healthy HGF viability.

Key Words: Human gingival fibroblasts, Apoptosis, Cell cycle, Cell proliferation, Clorhexidine

CLINICAL AND MICROBIOLOGIC CHANGES IN LOW INCOME PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS AFTER PERIODONTAL THERAPY WITH 70 HAND INSTRUMENTATION WITH OR WITHOUT ULTRASOUND Cerón-Souza V, Mafla-Chamorro AC, Mideros-Erazo LA, Tovar-Viveros RF, Muñoz-Caicedo KJ, Flórez-Noguera JC, Moncayo-Jurado CE. Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia – Pasto. Abstract

Objetive: To compare clinical and microbiologic changes over microflora subgingival in low income patients with chronic periodontitis who received treatment with hand instrumentation with or without ultrasound therapy. Method. An experimental study was designed, a total of 19 voluntarie patients with chronic periodontitis from Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia - Pasto Dentistry School Clinical Center were included at it. These patients were divided into A and B group. The patients who belonged to the A group were treated with a hand instrumentation and the B group was treated with a hand instrumentation and ultrasound therapy.

Results: After receiving the manual periodontal therapy, the gain of attachment level was 0.5mm (p<0.05), the gingival bleeding reduction was 8%. The microbiologic changes revealed a moderate polymorfonuclear neutrophil reaction in 33% and slight reaction in 67% of the periodontal pockets. There were low count of Gram-negative Coccus (GnC) in 16% and Gram-negative Bacillus (GnB) in 25% of these places. In the hand instrumentation with ultrasound therapy, there was a gain of attachment level of 1.4 mm (p<0.05) in the deep pocket. The gingival bleeding reduction was 43%. This therapy showed a moderate polymorfonuclear neutrophil reaction in 57% and slight reaction in 43% of the periodontal pockets. There were low count of CGn in 28% and BGn in 57% of these places.

Conclusions: The hand periodontal therapy produced more gingival microflora changes, while the hand instrumentation and ultrasound therapy reduced more the bleeding. Due to the two therapies produced different clinical and microbiological changes, it would really be important the professionals use hand instrumentation and ultrasound therapy in these patients.

Key Words: Subgingival microflora, chronic periodontitis, hand therapy, hand and ultrasonic therapy.

43 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia 88 Prosthodontic And D ental M aterials

44 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia MECHANICAL EVALUATION OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CONECTION IN IMPLANTS OF TITANIUM.

71 Jorge Alberto Arismendi Echavarría, Luz Amparo Loaiza Valderrama, Diego Hernan Giraldo Antioquia University

Abstract

Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare, in vitro, mechanical strength of internal and external hexagonal systems in implants submmited to compressive, flexion and compression- flexion forces.

Material and methods: 18 assemblies were used, internal hex Renova®* implants (IC) and external hex RBM®* implants (EC) (3.75 x 13mm) of 9 implants each. Samples were testing by an Instron® universal machine and submitted to static progressive load with vertical (0º), angular (45º) and horizontal (90º) force applied until deformation occurs.

Results: the greatest values for elastic limit load were with vertical load (0º) in the IC group (1733.5N) and EC (1619.5N) and minimun values were for load horizontal (90º) in IC and EC with 267N and 226N respectively. The group of IC presented results more homogeneous in accordance with the variation coefficient [<20%], mean while the EC group showed greater variation coefficient. Discussion: the IC tend to have higher elastic limit load. Besides, the fracture zone showed different appearance, indicating that each system has different answer under load. In that way, this difference could be representative under cyclic load.

Conclusion: From the experiment, there were not significant distinctions between both connexions, but the wide variation found in some tests and the appearance of the fractures zones give an indication of the different behaviour between connexions when charged is applied. Key Words: Dental implants, titanium, internal hex, external hex, mechanical evaluation, flexural strength, compressive strength.

COMPARATIVE INVITRO STUDY THE RESISTANCE OF THREE LUTING MATERIALS USING FIBER GLASS POST SUBJECTED TO COMPRESSIVE 72 STRENGTH. Roberto Ariza Hadad, Marelvi Camargo Castro, Hanny Hoayeck Petro, Karem Vargas Capell.

Fundación Universitaria San Martin, sede Puerto Colombia Barranquilla

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the compressive strength of three luting materials, glass ionomer reinforced with resin (Fuji Cem GC America), dual cured resin luting (RELYX ARC 3M ESPE), and adhesive resin cement paste (MULTILINK Ivoclar Vivadent).

Thrirty human premolars teeth were extracted and divided into three groups of ten each one. All specimens were endodontically filled and partial unfilled of root canal, the fiber glass post were cemented in place in the root canals, with each luting material before mention. All specimens were subjected to compressive strength in a universal testing machine, with a cross head speed of 1, 5 mm/min. until failure.

Data were analyzed with ANOVA analysis to compare to results. No statistical difference was found between the three materials used, since the value calculated was less than the critic value F of fisher.

Key Words: compressive strength, luting materials, post

45 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia IN VITRO EVALUATION OF MICROFILTRATION OF TWO ETCHING TECHNIQUES: TOTAL ETCHING AND SELF-ETCHING IN PREMOLARS WITH CLASS II PREPARATIONS WITH BEVEL ON ENAMEL - 2 73 Ballutt Diana, Holguín Laura Rodríguez Sandra , Tamara María Fernanda, Manrique Juan Pablo, Tamayo Martha C. Bautista Gloria

Graduate School of Prostodontics. School of Dentistry. Universidad El Bosque Abstract

The purpose of this study was to establish which of the two adhesive techniques, full etching and self etching, holds the highest degree of micro filtration in the gum cave margin of class II cavities with bevel on the enamel, used two commercial manufacturer (ivoclar-vivadent®- voco®).

The probabilistic sample size was 76 boxes per group for a total of 304 boxes in 152 premolars, recently removed due to orthodontic and/or periodontics reasons, healthy, with no enclosing and without a profuse cervical root concavity. The MOD cavities were prepared with a standardized technique.

The flat bezel with a 45° angle and with a length of 0.5 mm on the cave superficial angle of the enamel along the mesial, distal and gingival walls. The prepared boxes were randomly distributed in 4 groups; Group 1: self-etch primer Adhese plus Evo Ceram (Ivoclar Vivadent®) resine; Group 2: Full etch primer Total Excite plus Evo Ceram (Ivoclar Vivadent®) resine; Group 3: Self-etch primer Futurabond NR plus Grandio (Voco®) resine; and Group 4: Full etch primer Total Solobond M plus Grandio (Voco®) resine. The enclosed teeth were set under a 500 cycle thermocycle between 5 and 55°C.

Afterwards they were sealed with cianoacrylate along all the surfaces save for the gum margin and they were dipped in a solution of blue methylene for 24 hours. They were then covered with an epoxic resin to be selected with a microtome in the meso-distal direction, obtaining a palatine and a vestibular half in each box, which was then photographed with a digital camera pixeled on a 20 X microscope. Payne's (1999) microfiltration index was used to determine the degree of microfiltration.

Conclusions: There is a considerable statistical difference in the microfiltration with enamel margins between the full etch primer and the self-etching primer from the same brand, showing a lower degree of microfiltration in the full etch technique.

Key Words: Microfiltration, Full Etch Primer, Self-Etching Primer, Nanofilling Resin, Bevel On Enamel, Thermocycle

ENAMEL ALTERATIONS OF LIGHT-ACTIVATED HYDROGEN AND CARBAMIDE PEROXIDE: POST-TREATMENT HANDLING WITH FLUORIDE.

74 Adriana Cabrera Carvajal, Melissa David Trujillo, Luisa Fernanda Pacheco Muñoz, Ana Cecilia Suarez Álvarez, Herney Garzón Rayo.

Universidad del Valle.

Abstract

Objectives: to evaluate dental enamel surface alterations after bleaching treatments with Hydrogen peroxide and Fluoride.

Methods: Extracted pre-molars were analysed under SEM after bleaching treatment; the samples were storaged in saline solution. Two phases were made, without and with fluoride application after bleaching treatment using Nitewhite® and Zoom2® as bleaching agents, the shade was taken at baseline and after the bleaching procedure.

Results: 36.6% of samples showed moderate alterations and 32.9% showed severe enamel alterations. Post/treatment with fluoride showed variable outcomes, but mild alterations in the fluoride/treated samples were found to be more frequent, A statistically significant result was found among fluoride/treated and non/treated groups after bleaching (P<0.005) chi-square test. In contrast, within fluoride/treated groups it was not found significant differences.

Conclusions: The use of high concentrated in/office carbamide peroxide may require limited application sessions as recommended by the manufacturer. The use of post/treatment fluoride may bring great benefit to patient's dental hypersensitivity.

Key Words: Carbamide Peroxide, Hydrogen Peroxide, enamel roughness, fluoride, remineralization.

46 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia BIOLELECTRICITY LEVELS IN DENTAL AMALGAM FILLINGS TOOTH 75 Domínguez JA, Mafla-Chamorro AC, Pasaje-Ortega MB, Daza-Paredes JA,

Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia Seccional Pasto Abstract Objective: To determine the levels of bio-electricity measured with Techma test equipment on patients restored with amalgam, these patients received the attention at the Clinic of Odontology of the Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia - Pasto during the II period of 2006. Material and Methods.

The present study is a design of type transversal descriptive, the population that participated in the study was conformed of ten patients who were given care in Clinic of Odontology of the Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia - Pasto during the second semester of 2006.

Levels of bio-electricity were measure in micro amperes with the Techma tester, the results were that the average level of bio-electricity was found greater in men (0.042mA) (p>0.05)in comparison to women (0.008mA) (p>0.05).

The values were greater in the jaw teeth (0.011mA) (p>0.05)in comparison with upper maxilla teeth (0.011mA) (p>0.05) a difference of 0.007 mA for the upper maxilla (p>0.05). Considering the brand the greater average was found with KERR with (0.063Ma) but considering the bio-electricity levels of the brand New Stetic amalgam, these were the higher.

Conclusion: Although the study is limited by the size of the demo, it is possible to observe that odontology materials such as the amalgam can generate bio-electrical fields potentially hazardous to health that could affect the normal functions of the human body.

Key Words: Amalgam, Bio-electricity, Micro amperes, tester Techma.

ESTUDIO DE LA FUERZA TENSIL Y RESISTENCIA COMPRESIVA DE 76 ADHESIVOS CON NANOTECNOLOGÍA Claudia Patricia Duarte G,*Julia Clemencia Echeverri B, *Luz Maria Echeverri A., *Fernando Pava L, *Juan David Peláez, *Guillermo Pinilla S.,**Jorge Reynolds P, **Edgar Guiza C.**, María Eugenia Tovar** Jaime Aldana.. Fundacion Universitaria San Martin Facultad De Postgrados Odontologia Abstract

The objective of the present ex- vivo experimental study was to compare the performance of two adhesives of nanotecnología under tensil force and compressive resistance in a sample of 102 third molars just extracted and with crowns and root integrity of its hard tissues.

Cuts in the oclusal surface for the tensil strength were done and cuts in the labial surfaces to measure the compressive resistance. Randomly 2 groups of 51 molars were made for each test disinfection protocol based in immersion in cloramina T to 4% during 4 to 24 hours and permanent hidratación in distilled water until the day the tests were done. The sample preparation for the tests included the elaboration of retentions in the root of molars with orthodontia wire calibrates 0.16 x 0.22 and the manufacture of dies with epóxica resin to receive the jaws of the Instrom dynamometer. Also each specimen had a wire retentive addition placed between the adhesive and the resin to test the tensil force.

Test of compressive strength did not need additional retention. The used adhesives were the Single Bond 2 of 3M ESPE and PRIME and BOND NT of Dentsply in combination with the resin Filtek Supreme Z 250 with nanoparticles which were used applying the protocols of handling recommended by the manufacturer.

The statistical analysis of the results became by means of the tests of T Student, Mann Whitney, and Normality of asymmetry, Curtosis, Shapiro -Wilks and Shapiro – France, It means that tensil strength and compressive resistance do not present satatistical significance among the adhesives tested.

In conclusions, it is clear that the new technology (nano) improve the physicals properties, the sthetics, brithnes, marginal seal, translucent effect, lasting and low cured contraction

Key Words: Nanotecnología, adhesion, tensil force and compressive resistance, dynanometer.

47 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia WAICH: HANDSFREE TONGUE RETRACTOR 77 Jose manuel fernandez chaves, Viviana lea waich

Pontificia Universidad Javeriana

Abstract The intention of the investigation was to develop a device capable to separate the tongue during the surgical acts to replace a manual action by an instrument that did not need to be manipulated by an operator.

The plan of work of the project was based on the accomplishment of two prototypes denominated A and B, by means of scale models elaborated in cardboard, cork, plastilina and acrylic.

For the design anthropometric measures were taken into account such as: the height of the mandibular oclusal plane to the floor of the mouth, the distance between first left and right molars, in addition to the anteroposterior distance available to place the mouth opener; these scale models were digitized through 3D design programs like the Rhinoceros to obtain a better visualization of the devices.

Two prototypes were obtained, that highly demonstrated through tests to be functional, the prototype A: type block and the B: type means. The Waich, handsfree tongue retractor is an instrument designed to ease the surgical processes, opening the mouth and separating the tongue without been held by the assistant.

Key Words: Tongue, Resistance, Stainless Steel, Technology, Retractor, Industrial Design, Materials

PENETRATION OF DIFFERENT ADHESIVES IN WHITE SPOT PROXIMAL 78 CARIES LESIONS: IN VITRO STUDY Martignon S, Zarta OL, Luna LE, Huertas MC, Zuluaga AL

UNICA–B (Caries Research Unit, Universidad El Bosque)

Abstract

Introduction:The sealing with adhesives of incipient proximal lesions in young adults has shown a higher efficacy than flossing instructions. In artificial caries lesions adhesives have shown a deeper penetration when compared to sealants.

Objective: To determine which adhesive: Excite Ivoclar-Vivadent (E), Prime&Bond-NT Dentsply (PB) and Single-Bond-2 3M-ESPE (SB), achieves in ICDAS proximal lesions type white-spot-on- wet-surface (WSL): 1. external capping; 2. higher penetration within the lesion depth.

Materials And Methods: From 420 recently extracted premolar teeth with proximal lesions, one calibrated examiner in ICDAS criteria (LEL) selected 117 teeth with WSL; 39 were randomly assigned to each group: -E, -PB, -SB; they were placed on plaster with a 1.2mm space from another tooth, simulating a temporary approximal separation. The lesions were sealed (OLZ) following the commercial instructions and the technique used by Martignon et al. [Caries Res 2006;40(5):382-8], with the previous addition of methyl-blue dye to the adhesives in order to allow for the material to be seen within the lesion. 250 longitudinal sections were obtained and examined under stereomicroscopy (SM) using a metal caliper (scale: 50). The Kruskal-Walis test (p<0.05) was used to establish significant differences between adhesive-groups in depth-penetration percentage.

Results: More than 92% of the lesions were covered and penetrated by the material. The adhesive that in average penetrated in a higher proportion was E(85%), followed by SB(77.4%) and PB(71.2%) (p>0.05).

Conclusion: This in vitro study confirms in proximal WSL of natural teeth the penetration of adhesives in a depth greater than 70% of the lesion.

Key Words: White Spot Proximal Lesions, Lesion Penetration, Adhesives

48 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia 42-MONTH RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF SEALING EARLY ACTIVE 79 PROXIMAL CARIES LESIONS Martignon Sa.; Ekstrand Kb.; Blanco Ea.

aUNICA-B (Unidad de Investigación en Caries – Universidad El Bosque), Bogotá, Colombia, bUniversity of Copenhagen, Dinamarca . Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate after 42 months, through the independent assessment of bitewing radiographs, the efficacy of sealing early active proximal lesions among Colombian patients who were sealed in 2003 (Martignon et al., Caries Res 2006; 40(5):382-8).

Methods: The sample size was 33 subjects who finished the reported study. Patients were contacted by phone and were given an appointment at the Universidad El Bosque for having standardized bitewing radiographs taken of the control and test lesions, and they were asked how often they floss per week. A positioning device for bitewing radiographs was used to achieve radiographic projection geometry.

Results: The final sample corresponded to 23 patients (69.9%). Among the test group, 4 lesions (17.4%) progressed and among the control group 5 lesions (21.8%), without statistical significant difference (McNemars test value-p > 0.05). A regular flossing (3 times per week) was reported in 78% of the Colombian sample, against 15% in base line.

Conclusion: Stabilization was found in most of the sealed and non-sealed lesions from 2003, possibly associated to the increase of participants reporting a current regular use of dental floss.

Key Words: Early active proximal caries lesions, Proximal sealing, Bite-wing radiographs, Caries progression

EVALUATION OF THE STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR OF AN IMPLANT- SUPPORTED FIXED PROSTHETIC RESTORATION BY MEANS OF A FINITE 80 ELEMENT ANALYSIS. Rafael M Naranjo Pizano, M.M.S. , Juliana Muñoz Yepes, B.S, Santiago A Correa Velez, Ph.D, CES- EAFIT Abstract

There is no scientific evidence that indicates neither the optimal number of implants nor the dimensions that are clinically reliable in Implant-supported fixed restorations. The purpose was to describe by means of a three-dimensional finite element model the behavior of an implant-supported restoration when subjected to different occlusal loads obtain with a gnathodynameter.

Materials and Methods: In order to determine the optimal number of implants, position, cantilever length and the behavior of the structure and the implants, a simplified finite element model was developed to analyze the biomechanical behavior by applying an occlusal force in all dental positions. Afterwards a three-dimensional detailed finite element model was developed on which the biomechanical behavior of the restoration was verified with the lower number of implants and a uniform stress distribution obtained from the simplified model.

Results: A cantilever length of 10 mms is viable for all restorations, while a cantilever length of 20 mms was not viable and 4 implants was the optimal number which distributed efforts with out surpassing the strength yield of materials.

Conclusions: Three implants did not offer satisfactory results when a load was applied to a cantilever. A four implant design was found to be optimal with a cantilever length shorter than 15 mms.

Key Words: Finite elements, implant-supported fixed restorations, superstructure.

49 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF SIX RESIN CEMENT SYSTEMS TO DENTIN in vitro 81 Calvo Ramírez J.N.*, Sánchez Herrera E**, Buitrago Delgado E**.

Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Odontología, Postgrado de Rehabilitación Oral Abstract Objectives:The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of six cement systems bonded to dentine.

Materials and methods: 140 extracted premolars stored in Chloramine T 1% were used for bond strength testing.They were randomly divided in 7 groups (n 20) according to the cement systems. Each group then was subdivided into 2 subgroups (n 10) by application each cement with and without adhesive or conditioner.

The cements were: four self-adhesive universal resin cements, two dual total etching resin cements and one glass Ionomer. In every one groups were cemented Bell Glass cylinders to the dentin.

All specimens were tested under shear loading until fracture on a universal testing machine (INSTRON 33-44). Data were analyzed with T student, Kruskal Wally's , Mann Whitney and ANOVA (p<0.5).

Results: The values obtained in MPa were: Max Cem 3.73, Optibond+ Max Cem 1.32, Relyx Unicem 8.89, Adper Prompt+ Relyx Unicem 6.71, Monocem 5.86, One Up + Monocem 9.89, Multilink Sprint 4,6, AdheSE + Multilink Sprint 3.60, Relyx ARC 1.9, Single Bond + Relyx Arc 7.49, Variolink II 1.89, Excite + Variolink II 5.5, Control group : Fuji I 4.77 and Dentin conditioner+ Fuji I 3.47. The difference between self adhesives cements with self etching adhesives was significant only for Monocem (p<0.001). There were not statistically significant differences between glass ionomer with and without conditioning.

Key Words: ResinCements, self-bonding, ceromer, all in one adhesives

EFFECTIVENESS OF THE LASER ARGON, OF V-LED AND THE HALOGENOUS LIGHT AS CATALYSTS OF TWO AGENTS OF DENTAL 82 BLEACHING. -STUDY IN-VITRO César Fernando Sánchez Villa / Maria Clara Posada García / Julián David Gaviria G. / Isabel Cristina Serna G. / Luis Felipe Restrepo T. / Claudia Patricia García G. / Alejandro Peláez V. Odontólogo. / Gabriel Jaime Gallego R. Grupo de investigación CES-LPH. Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, CES., Medellín, Colombia. Abstract

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of three techniques for catalyze dental bleaching in office; the halogenous light, V-LED and Laser argon and compare them with the ambulatory dental bleaching technique.

Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in 350 lower incisive bovine teeth, in which measurements of color were obtained for the cervical, half and incisal thirds of each tooth. Three catalytic lamps were used, halogenous Ligth (Optilux 501, Demetron®), V-LED (Fast Bleach, Cambridge®) and Laser argon (Accue Cures 3000, Lasermed®) with two different agents: hydrogen peroxide to 25% (Zoom®, Dental Discus) and to 35% (Polaoffice®, SDI). The three techniques were compared with the ambulatory technique, using 10% carbamide peroxide (Opalescence®, Ultradent). To evaluate changes in color, an espectofotómeter (Ocean Optics®) and the colorimeter CIELab with the values of ÄE* were used.

The statistical analysis was performed using the student t-test for comparisons between related samples, the Kruskall-Wallis test for comparisons regarding agents, catalytic lamps and thirds, and the Mann-whithney test to determine the differences among agents, thirds and catalytic lamps.

Results and conclusion: The results of this study suggest that there are not statistically significant differences between the dental bleaching technique in office and the ambulatory technique. The catalytic lamp that showed less effectiveness on the change of color was the Laser argon.

Key Words: Catalytic Lamp, Dental Bleaching, Bovine Teeths, Espectofotometer

50 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia DETERMINATION OF THE PATTERN ETCHING WITH LASER AND 37% 83 ORTHOPHOSPHORIC ACID ON THE DENTAL ENAMEL. Pilot Study Laura Rocio Sarmiento Bejarano, Luz Mireya Daza Pulido

Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Abstract Backgrounds: Erbium LASER: YAG produces an effect of enamel etching without using a chemical agent; the etching pattern on dental surface is unknown.

Objective: To identify if there is any difference between the etching pattern produced with Erbium LASER YAG and/or with 37% orthophosphoric acid, through electron microscopy, to establish if the etching, produced with LASER, requires or not the use of a chemical agent.

Methods: It was an experimental research through an in vitro study. 3 samples for a prepilot study (standardize) and a sample of 15 teeth for the pilot study was used. The 18 teeth were assigned to three groups, which were etched with LASER, 37% orthophosphoric acid, and LASER mixed with acid, following manufacturers' instructions. Inclusion criteria: premolar post exodontia and not very wide tooth cavity. Exclusion criteria: Premolar with crown fracture and little waste. Research hypothesis was approved applying the Chi Square test.

Results: In the group of Erbium LASER YAG the etching pattern had characteristics similar to type I; in the group of 37% othophosphoric acid had higher frequency on pattern type II; and in the group of Erbium LASER YAG plus 37% orthophosphoric acid had a pattern type I.

Conclusions: Erbium LASER YAG has an etching pattern similar to type I and requires a chemical agent such as 37% orthophosphoric acid to create a complete dissolution of the prismatic nucleus.

Key Words: Erbium LASER YAG, 37% orthophosphoric acid, etching pattern, dental enamel, operative dentistry.

COMPARACION DE FUERZAS TORSIONALES PURAS DE CUATRO TIPOS 84 DE POSTES CEMENTADOS CON CEMENTO RESINOSO *Lidis Marina Torres, Jaime Alfredo Daza. **Doctor Edgar Güiza

Fundacion Universitaria San Martin Facultad De Postgrados De Odontologia

Abstract

This study compared the torsional forces associated with the stability of the posts of glass fiber (Fiber White®), titanio(Tenax® alloy), pure titanium (Filpost®) and I pray type III(Tenax Burn-out®) cemented with resinous cement. For it, 40 teeth healthy uniradicular of a canal were chosen, with similar facio-lingual dimensions and apico-coronal; The teeth were cut 2 mm coronal to the union cement enamel with a disk separator, the pulpar tissue was removed and the prepared channels and plugged with gutta-percha, using technique of lateral condensation. The teeth were submerged in cubes of resin epoxic. 10 posts of each material were used, cemented with resinous cement (Parapost cement ®).

Later on, the cube of resin epoxic with the teeth sumerged; it was hold by the torcómetro, to begin the application of torsional force until getting the first flaw. Were the torque data expressed in gr/mm.

The variance analysis ANOVA (P≤ 0.05) did it reveal that there are significant differences among the four groups of posts with a p = 2.7 AND - 14. This study revealed that, the biggest resistance in the face of the torsional forces was found in the posts of titanium alloy (Tenax).

The posts of glass fiber and gold type III presented structural flaw of the material, while in the titanium posts and titanium alloy failed the interface cement - post.

Key Words: Force torsional, stability, post, torcómetro, torque.

51 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia ESTUDIO IN VITRO DEL SISTEMA ADHESIVO A BASE DE IONÓMERO DE VIDRIO MODIFICADO CON RESINA USADO EN RESTAURACIONES DE IONÓMERO DE VIDRIO Y COMPUESTOS DE RESINA. 85 1Juan Carlos Dorado, 1 Juan Manuel Rico, 1 Patricia Uribe Vargas. 1, Juan Carlos Vergel. 2 Fundacion Universitaria San Martin Facultad De Postgrados De Odontologia

Abstract This In Vitro study assessed a new resin-modified glass ionomer system (Fuji BOND LC®GC) compared and analyzed its tensile strength in relation to glass Ionomer (Fuji II® GC) and conventional resin systems (Z100® 3M). The adhesive system was placed on intermediate coronal dentine.

It was hypothesized that the use of Fuji BOND LC®, GC would improve the retention of a restoration made with glass ionomer and conventional resin.

Two hundred and seventy-five extracted third molar were divided into five groups of 55 teeth and bonded with a restoring material Fuji II LC® GC and Z100® 3M. It was compared the result of adhesion between conventional adhesion system and the bonding system using the new modified glass ionomer system, Fuji BOND LC®, GC. Fuji BOND LC® light cured adhesive. The teeth were debonded by applying a shear load using an Instron universal testing machine.

The mean force to debond was calculated for each group and each tooth was examined to record the site of bond failure and MPa needed to debond those restorations. Bonding failure was compared in each group with a 40 per cent fracture rate with the control. The results showed that the resin-modified system Fuji BOND LC® was very effective at improving retention of restorations onto intermediate coronal dentine.

Key Words: Conventional Bonding, Dentin bonding strength, Glass Ionomer, Fuji BOND LC®, Resin Glass modified Ionomer, Shear Bonding Strength*.

52 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia 99 Health and Society

53 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia KNOWLEDGE AND HEALTH PERCEPTIONS OF THE ELDERLY WHO ASIST TO USTA CLINICS, QUALITY OF LIFE FACTORS INFLUENCE 2006 86 Gloria Cristina Aranzazu Moya, Herman Boada, Carmen alodia Martinez lopez, María Mónica Uribe

Universiti Of Santo Tomas Bucaramanga Abstract

Objective: To determine the knowledge and perceptions of the elderly health and factors that influences their quality of life.

Methods: A descriptive study to analyze the relationship of the perception of health with sociodemográphics, general health, chronic illnesses as well as oral and visual factors, necessity of treatment autopercibida and clinically perceived and last medical visit variables. Non parametric tests were applied; the possible associations among variables measures in nominal and ordinal scale were evaluated applying the test of X 2.and exact test of Fisher. The whole analysis considers a significant level p=0.05, the database was elaborates in Excell and the definitive analysis in STATA 6.0.

Results: The population was composed by 46 males and 60 women 56.6% with mean age 68.6 year-old. Individuals have a positive perception of its general health 66(62.26%) and they have changed activities for blame of her 48(46.09%). The quality of life it has been affected on the average by its general health it was of 3.07 that it is considered positive.

The negative perception of their visual health in 56(54.3) and their quality of life has been affected by their visual health on the average in 3.7 it is considered negative. Regarding the oral health perception it was positive for 50(47.1%) and negative for 56(52.8%), the quality of life has been affected by its oral health in 3.6 on the average being negative this perception. In the analysis bivariade allowed to identify how the quality of life of the elderly is affected. It is evidenced that the factor that more affects it is leaving activities so much general, to leave foods and visual with P=0.0001

Conclusions: The condition that more it affects the quality of life it is to leave activities so much for general, oral and visual health. The perceptions were more negative in feminine gender.

Key Words: Perceptions Of Health, Quality Of Life, Elderly

LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE THAT HAVE THE BASIC PRIMARY AND HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS OF BUCARAMANGA, SANTAMARTA AND RIOHACHA BEFORE AND LATER OF THE INTRODUCTION OF AN EDUCATIONAL MATERIAL ABOUT OF 87 AVULSED TOOTH Carolina Paola Brito Sánchez, Mónica Janeth Garnica Vera. Martha Liliana Rincón Rodríguez. Jaime Omar Moreno Monsalve. Universidad Santo Tomás Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the level of knowledge that you/they have the educational ones before on the dental extraction and after the application of an educational material related with the topic.

Materials and Methods: One hundred seventy six teachers were evaluated educational of 16 public and private schools of Bucaramanga, Santa Marta and Riohacha through a survey about the avulsed tooth. Then the educational ones were divided in an experimental and control group. An educational material was given to the experimental group about the handling of the avulsed tooth. It was carried out a second survey to evaluate the effectiveness of this material and to observe were differences between both groups.

Results: 176 were evaluated. When referring to the city 43.2% (76) were from Santa Marta, 38.1% (67) were from Bucaramanga and the 19% (33) left were from Riohacha. The knowledge avulsed tooth was regular in 70% (123) of the population evaluated to the beginning of the study. After having given the manual the knowledge was better in 52.8% (93). It was found associations statistically significant for the level of knowledge (p=<0.0001) when being compared according to intervention.

Conclusions: A better knowledge was observed on the handling of the avulsed tooth in the group of educators that received the educative material oriented to teach of the topic, its prevention and its handling, if it is compared with which they did not receive it.

Key Words: Avulsed tooth, Replantation, Knowledge

54 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia MODIFICATION IN THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE OF ORAL HEALTH IN THE PATIENTS WITH CRONIC RENAIL INSUFFICIENCY IN THE HEMODIALISYS PROGRAM AND THE EQUIPMENT OF HEALTH OF UNIT RENAL "FUNDACION FANNY RAMIREZ DE MEJIA" IN CARTAGENA, USING THE APPLICATION OF A PROTOCOL OF ESTOMATOLOGIC HANDLING OF THE UNIVERSITY OF 88 CARTAGENA. Carmona M; Carbonell z; Pinzón D; Daza P; Velez E. Universidad De Cartagena Abstract Chronic Renal Insufficiency (CRI) corresponds to the clinical situation derived from the permanent loss of the renal function and with progressive character at which it can be arrived by multiple etiologies. These renals patients show general and estomatologics signs and symptoms by the sequels that the disease leaves.

The evaluative study, valued the degree of knowledge and the attitude of the population in study, before the application of a protocol of estomatologic handling, based on the evidence, proposed by the postgraduate Estomatology and Oral surgery of the dentistry Faculty in University of Cartagena through the educative and therapeutic actions of promotion and prevention, estomatologic handling of oral manifestations and surgical procedures.

For it, a protocol based on the evidence was designed and applied, determined the demographic characteristics of the patients, the level of knowledge that about oral health and oral manifestations of CRI, had the patients and professionals of the health area in the renal unit and finally, the modification of the level of knowledge and the conduct before the oral health, thanks to the application of the protocol.

The demographic characteristics of the taken part and not taken part patients were not similar, the level of knowledge and the conduct before the oral health of the patients and professionals improved after application of the protocol. The prevalence of estomatologics injuries in the patients was 97%, displaying behaviour towards the improvement the taken part group, explained by the therapeutic used according to the protocol.

Key Words: Renal Chronic Insufficiency, oral Manifestations, estomatologic Handling, Knowledge in oral health, Protocol.

DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF A PROGRAM OF PROMOTION OF THE HEALTH AND PREVENTION OF THE ORAL DISEASE DIRECTED TO THE 89 INFANTILE COMMUNITY OF THE “FUNDACIÓN FORMEMOS”. Francy Yamile Cetina Hernández, Clara Patricia Acuña Ramos

Universidad Nacional de Colombia Abstract

Healthy ways of life can be implemented in a population of students of the “Fundación Formemos” to propitiate and to support an acceptable condition of oral health. The objective was to promote in the school community of the “Fundación Formemos” and in their families a conscience of oral health, and development of promotional and preventive activities, obtaining therefore the prevention of oral pathologies. It is part of the macroproject of extension MODEL OF INTEGRAL ATTENTION IN ORAL HEALTH FOR COMMUNITIES PLURALETHNIC, UNDERCLASS AND IN HIGH RISK OF POVERTY, which is developed in the National University of Colombia. The objective group was the students of fifth a ninth degree of the FF, that they are result from the forced displacement caused by the social situation of the country, that from small they must assume rolls of an adult person to develop in useful form in the society. It realized participate investigation with the application of a model integral attention looking for the active participation of the population, with regard to their social representations, and the dialogue of knowledge. According to the results obtained and compared with the ENSAB III (National study of oral health), the studied population is in acceptable conditions in tooth decay and oral hygiene. The most relevant problem that they have is the presence of fluorosis. (Prevalencia of 51 %). It is important the implementation of programs of prevention of the disease and promotion in oral health, whose success is obtained devoting these the population at studying and involving to parents, teachers and the community that surrounds them.

Key Words: Health promotion, sickness prevention of the oral heath, social representations, life quality

55 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia EVALUATION OF THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ORAL CONDITIONS WITH QUALITY OF LIFE IN THE OLDEST WHOM LIVED IN ELDERLY 90 INSTITUTION OF BUCARAMANGA: TWO PHASE Sonia Constanza Concha

Universidad Santo Tomás Abstract

Objective: The aim was to evaluate the association between the quality of life (QL) with the oral condition (OC) in the elderly.

Methodology: An analytical cross section observacional study was made. The universe was constituted by 523 and the sample by 106 people, who lived in three elderly institution of the city, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The variables of the study were social-demographic; systemic condition, the QL, the OC, the functional physical capacity, mental state, and the social supports. In the analysis, summary measures were calculated according to the nature of each variable. Analysis of factors was made to determine the attributes that integrated OC. The exit variable (QL) was related to each other variables by 2 and Fisher´s exact test, the crude OR and intervals of confidence were calculated. Logistic regression analysis and methods of correction of the OR were applied, the RR were obtained and the goodness of fit of the model was evaluated.

Results: The quality of life in the elderly registered an average of 49.9±18.6 with rank between 14 and 85. The COP index, the salivary flow and the oral pain were attributes that defined the oral condition; the 67.9% of the population had a bad oral condition. A potential association between bad OC with bad QL of the elderly wasn't seen RR 0.99 (IC95% 0.38-2.0).

Conclusion: A bad CO does not seem to be associate with bad a CV in the elderly; these results seem to indicate the little effect that has a bad oral condition, frequent condition in the evaluated population, relation could be affected by cultural aspects that do that the society in general and the greater adult in individual, can get to underestimate this condition

Key Words: Quality of Life, Elderly, Oral Health

SKELETAL AND DENTAL CHANGES IN INDIVIDUALS THROUGH LATERAL CEPHALOGRAMS OBTAINED ONLY AFTER THE USE OF THE SPLINT-TYPE 91 HERBST APPLIANCES IN CLASS II DIVISION 1 MALOCCLUSIONS Cuartas Luisa, Espinosa Alexander, Carvajal Wilson, Moncayo, Carmen, Bonilla Jorge Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia Seccional Pasto Abstract

Objective: To evaluate skeletal and dental changes in individuals through lateral cephalograms obtained only after the use of the splint-type Herbst appliances in Class II division 1 malocclusions.

Methods: Several electronic databases (Medline, Pubmed, Embase, Best Evidence and Sciences Direct) were scrutinized . Abstracts that appeared to fulfill the initial selection criteria were selected by consensus. The original articles were then retrieved.

Their references were also hand-searched for possible missing articles. Clinical trials that assessed, through lateral cephalograms with modified Pancherz's analysis, immediate skeletal and dental changes with the use of Herbst appliances without any concurrent orthodontic appliances, surgical intervention, or syndromic characteristics were considered. A comparable untreated Class II division 1 malocclusion control group .

Results: Five articles were finally selected and analyzed. An individual analysis of these articles was made and some methodological flaws were identified. All the selected studies showed statistically significant changes in the anteroposterior length of the mandible, mandibular incisor proclination, mesial movement of the lower molars, and distal movement of the upper molars. Posttreatment relapse in overjet and molar relationship was also observed.

Conclusions: Dental changes are as important as skeletal changes to attain the final occlusal results. Long-term, prospective, double-blinded, randomized clinical trials are needed to support these conclusions.

Key Words: Functional appliances; Herbst; Orthodontics; Systematic review; Dental changes; Skeletal changes

56 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia THE IMPACT OF ORAL HEALTH EDUCATION ON A SCHOLAR POPULATION FROM THE INFANTILE VILLAGE SOS, IN FLORIDABLANCA, SANTANDER 92 BY DETERMINING THE ORAL HYGIENE AND GINGIVAL INDEX Lucy Forero Orejarena, Emma Solangel Reyes Cruz, Martha Juliana Rodríguez G.

Universidad Santo Tomás

Abstract Purpose: Determining the impact generated through a sensibilitation and motivational program about oral hygiene habits in a scholar group, age range from six to fifteen years old.

Material and methods: A grouping random selection was performed. An intervention group (n=40) and a control group were assigned (n=45). For the oral health sensibilization two programs were executed for 4 months. The dependent (The simplified oral hygiene index IHOS and the gingival index IG), the independent (intervention, brushing, flossing, age and gender) and the confusion (mother's educational level, provenience and diet) variables were considered.

Results: The participants' average age was 11.2 +2.3 years and the brushing frecuency was 2.9 + 0.4 a day, at the start of the study. When analyzing the sociodemographic variables and the intervention type, a statiscally significant association was observed in the mother's educational level, 27.6% (8) from the intervined group and 72.4% (21) from the control group have primary degree (p=0.01). When evaluating the oral hygiene a statiscally significant and third record, p=0.004 and p<0.001, respectively. When evaluating the gingival index, a statiscally significant association was evident in the three records p= 0.010 and p<0.0001, respectively. The quantitative analysis showed statiscally significant differences in the oral hygiene and gingival index.

Conclusions: The impact generated through the program was positive and it mirrors on the oral hygiene and the periodontal condition

Key Words: Oral education, bacterian plaque, oral hygiene, health promotion.

PERCEPTION OF PEOPLE WITH HIV/AIDS ABOUT THE DENTAL 93 TREATMENT THEY RECEIVE. Carolina García Sánchez, Julieth P Sierra Gallego, A Yessenia Vidal Quintero, Diana M Contreras González, Eliana Martínez Herrera

Universidad de Antioquia. Facultad de Odontología Abstract The purpose of this study was to describe the perception of people with HIV about the dental treatment they receive.

A fenomoligic qualitative research approach based on six categories of analysis was used made: 1) Importance of dental treatment; 2) Discrimination by the dentists 3) Dentists´ fear to be infected; 4) Dentists´ knowledge about HIV/AIDS; 5) Dentists´ risk to be infected during the treatment; 6) Biosafety.

Two people were interviewed using both non-structured and in-depth interviews and four people were interviewed over the phone. The data was processed by selecting six categories of analysis and evidence given by the interviewees. Simultaneously, a literature search was conducted in order to corroborate or refute the importance of the evidence obtained from the testimonies of patients with HIV/AIDS who seek detal treatment.

It was concluded that dental treatment is refused to patients with HIV/AIDS on the basis of dentists' fear of infection. Although the interviewees agreed that biosafety techniques should be used by dentists, however, they feel that there are wrong ideas or lack of understanding about the true means of disease transmission and the probability of becoming infected during the treatment.

People´s perception can be an important tool to understand the dentist-patient relationship and dentists´ behavior and attitudes toward patients with HIV/AIDS, in order to find solutions that contribute to the improvement of health services for these patients.

Key Words: HIV, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Prejudice, Discrimination, Perception, Dentist

57 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia PARTICIPATORY ACTION INVESTIGATION IN ORAL HEALTH IN THE COMMUNITY OF NELSON MANDELA CARTAGENA- COLOMBIA.

94 *González, Farith.** Carmona Luis, ***Arrieta, Carlos. Campo, Paula. Mondol, Ronal. Tamara, Jeiver. Vergara, Adalberto

Universidad De Cartagena Abstract Objective: Analyzing the changes in the know-how, management and application of the concepts of health and illness, through the implementation of a participatory action investigation method.

Methodology: This project is based on a qualitative methodological focus, supported in the participatory action investigation method, including tools hermenéuticas and constructivists. Ten families of stratum they were selected 1 and 2 corresponding al family nucleus of children educated in ages of 5 and 19 years. For the gathering of the information was utilized the educational workshops, the individual interview structured and observation in the people responsible for the care of the children. The Categories analyzed were: Health and general illness, health and oral illness, prevention, knowledge on treatment of oral illnesses, habits of oral health, social practices. Once it carried out this social analysis, proceeded to intervene with the participatory actions and the following emerging categories arose: attitude of change, motivation, sense of ownership in the community and solution of problems.

Results: The settlers managed to build a new knowledge in which health was established like a process constituted by different components as they are it the social, mental, and physical welfare. Similarly, this technique of teaching (IAP) permitted to the settlers to be splits active of the solution of their problems and difficulties, modifying vague concepts of health and illness and becoming people restless in the search of situations that improve their quality of life, always willing to reach a well common one, enlarging their self-esteem, motivation and sense of ownership in the community.

Conclusions: It is fundamental the direct interaction with the community, where can be known in depth all its social aspects. To take this analysis as starting point and to design educational strategies, that permit the direct intervention of the community, contributing to improve the quality of life of the settlers.

Key Words: Participatory Action, Social Interactions, Oral Hygiene, Oral Health Knowledge

CLINICAL FINDINGS IN HEAD AND NECK FROM WOMEN VICTIM OF VIOLENCE REPORTED TO THE LEGAL MEDICINE NATIONAL INSTITUTE AND FORENSIC SCIENCES AT NARIÑO DEPARTMENT – COLOMBIA 2006. 95 Martinez Corso German, Salas Zambrano Andres, Hernandez Zambrano Alvaro, Mafla Chamorro Ana, Domínguez John Alexis

Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia Seccional Pasto

Abstract

The public health in Colombia among its intervention approaches, presents as a main goal for the society, the reduction of violence against woman in all its manifestations. This aspect can be demonstrated in different ways such as physical, sexual and psychological ill-treatment.

The dentist is the professional who can evaluate in the very moment the evidences that lead to ill- treatment, with physical findings in the head and the neck. For this reason a descriptive and transversal study was carried out with all the clinical findings in the head and the neck.

This study was performed in 302 patients who were given a legal medical diagnosis at Instituto National de Medicine Legal y Ciencias Forenses del Municipio de Pasto (National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences at the Municipality of Pasto) between January and May 2006.

Socio demographic aspects as well as those related with the way the events took place in relation to the injuries were evaluated.

Key Words: Violence Against Women

58 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES TO PREVENT CROSSED INFECTIONS IN THE SCHOOL OF DENTISTRY - UNIVALLE 96 Dubier Albeiro Mena Huertas, Jamerson Alfonso Valencia Rodríguez, Benjamín Alberto Palomino Blandón

Universidad del Valle Abstract The infectious diseases are more aggressive with the time and it presents a great risk to be transmitted between patients and dentist. It is necessary the suitably use of every ways to prevent risk of suffering a biological accident.

A descriptive survey was made, the study subjects were students, teachers and auxiliary stuff of the Escuela de Odontología of the Universidad del Valle, involved in at least one clinic or preclinical subjects, 151 people was included in the study, it was trying to identify the measures of protection and prevention knowledge for identifying frequent weaknesses and strengths. The information was recollected by a self report structured questionnaire to ask for knowledge on biosecurity and additionally practice information was recollected without previous warning. Information was analyzed with Epiinfo 6.04.

An acceptable level of biosecurity knowledge was found, nevertheless the applying in the clinic practice presents significant mistakes that limits its develop that increase the risk of crossed infection.

It was found similarities whit other studies that show, although acceptable knowledge exists, its applying is not the suitable one.

It is necessary find and applies correct strategies to improve the biosecurity knowledge and its applying; with the results of this survey a biosecurity manual was developed, applying and Key Words: Biosecurity, Protection Barriers, Cross Infection

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE BASED ON THREE-DIMENSIONAL ANIMATIONS REPRESENTING AN INSTRUCTIVE OF MBT 97 (MCLAUGHLINBENNETTTREVISI) ORTHODONTIC TECHNIQUE Muñoz Jose, Mejia Diego A, Ortiz Andrés

Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia Seccional Pasto

Abstract

Purpose: To develop a multimedia software based on three-dimensional animations representing an instructive of MBT (McLaughlinBennettTrevisi) orthodontic technique.

Method: To carry out the present technological development type investigation, we took into account the criteria of a group consisting of seven teachers of Postgraduate Course in Functional Orthopedics and Orthodontics from Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia who responded to a survey by content experts. Besides, we analyzed the results obtained in a survey by applied utility to a total of 25 resident students from the same university.

Results: In the development of software, subject matters such as vocabulary, bonding, alignment and leveling stage, work stage, and adjustment and ending stage were included. The theoretical focus from perspective of education and use of technologies describes a series of didactical strategies used in software, which was developed by multimedia integration, using the programming language Action Script, proprietary of software Flash MX Professional by Macromedia Corporation (marked currently as Adobe).

Conclusions: Both in survey by content experts (teachers) as in survey by usability (resident students), we found that a high percentage of population was in agreement with contents description, animations, color, navigation, legibility, audio, and optional criteria included in software, referring that, when authors cite high percentage, this corresponds to almost totality of the group, and when they reference significant percentage they make reference to more of the half of population.

Key Words: NiTiT, conjugate tie, retro-tie, arc hook, active distal retrotie: system 12 and 3, passive distal tie, distal bend, elastic module, software.

59 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia EFFECTS OF ORAL HEALTH PROMOTION AT SCHOOL: MEANINGS, EXPERIENCES, AND PRACTICES OF THE HEALTH OF THE MOUTH ILLNESS SURROUNDINGS. 98 Emilia María Ochoa Acosta, Angela María Franco Cortés, Blanca Susana Ramírez Puerta Grupo Salud Bucal y Bienestar Facultad de Odontología Universidad de Antioquia Abstract The investigation has a quantitative component which gives count of the state of the health of the mouth of students in Medellín and of a qualitative component which has a comprehensive approximation to the meanings, experiences, and practices of the health of the mouth illness surroundings. This investigation was done with 120 boys and girls between the ages of 12 and 13. They share a space with certain common characteristics which they can identify with, but not only their physical dimension, but also with a symbolic and social dimension. In addition, they are enrolled in twelve public institutions.

The qualitative dimension is done from a hermeneutical perspective, based upon the interpretation of constructed social texts, which reflect the conceptions that children have upon practices and experiences in the health of the mouth illness and its meanings from where they have constructed. Recollection technique and construction of data were done by in depth interviews and recounts.

Analyzing the reduced conception of the process of health illness, the association of the mouth to stereotype concepts of beauty, the visit to a dentist associated with pain and anxiety, the application of a technical know-how which hides the child, the lack of knowledge of basic concepts which affect practices, such as been a part of study findings, one may conclude that it is important to articulate educational and health sectors in function of creating educational environments which go beyond the instrumental part with respect to the health of the mouth. On the other hand, it is necessary to convert going the dentist into an experience which visualizes children, and it should make children aware and committed of taking care of their mouth on their own.

Key Words: Meanings, Experiences, Practices, Education – Oral health

NIVEL DE CONOCIMIENTO, MANEJO LEGAL Y CLÍNICO DEL MALTRATO INFANTIL EN LOS ODONTÓLOGOS ADSCRITOS DE LA ESE HOSPITAL 99 LOCAL CARTAGENA DE INDIAS 2006-2007 *Gloria Alexandra Ospino Pinto , *Elisama Esther Cohen Cumplido, *Ivan Alfonso Velasco Cumplido, **Gloria Perez Trespalacios, ***Farith Gonzales Universidad del Sinu Abstract

Objective: to determinate the level of knowledge legal work and clinical of the infantile mistreat applicated for the dentists of the cartagena de indias ESE during the second semester of 2006 and first semester of 2007.

Method: descriptive studio, transverse. the poblation was of 42 dentists workers in the ESE be applicated a cuestionary of 10 questions organized in chapters according with each one of the variables of the studiio; contrasting with the answer gave for the 14 medicals coordinating committee workers in the ESE, to these be applicated a semi-estructurado cuestionary of 10 questions in relation to the variable of legal work.

Results: there was absence of knowledge about some kinds of mistreat, deficiencies in the identification of physique abuse and negligence; the 69% of the dentists dont know protocols for the notification of the mistreat, the 88% dont fill the unique format of vigilance intersectorial of the intrafamiliar viloence and the 7% choose the appropriate plan for the work of the infantile mistreat identificated in the consult.

Contrasting these discoveries with the answers of the coordinating committee found that in spite of be trained in the them only the 50% know the list of the institutions to acude in case of infantile mistreat.

Conclusions: the dentists showed confusion in the patologics concepts and identification of signs of child mistreated. about the legal work dont know the plan to follow when is identificated a infantile mistreat case in the odontological Key Words: Infantile Mistreat, Legal Work, Clinical Work, Knowledge Level, Ese( Estatal Social Company)

60 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia VARIATION OF THE PH TO SALIVATE BEFORE AND AFTER THE 100 CONSUMPTION OF DRINKS MOISTURIZERS Sebastian Quintero, Yindy Angarita, Edwin Ortiz, Fredy Sarmietno, Diego Sierra

Colegio Odontologico Colombiano

Abstract Objective: To determine the pH to salivate in students of 1 ° and 2 ° semester of pregrado of the Colegio Odontológico Colombiano before and after the consumption of moisturizing drinks in 2007.

Materials and methods: experimental study where students of 1 ° and 2 ° semester of the Colegio Odontológico Colombiano having in count the criteria of Selection. They were distributed in groups: group A, 35 pupils with powerade, group B, 35 pupils with gatorade, group C, 31 pupils with squash and group D, 20 pupils with water, obtained 4 samples of saliva and I determine the pH of every capture by means of a digital pH-meter mark Corning in an interval of time of-10, 0, 15 and 30 minutes.

Results: In four groups of study one thought that there is a significant correlation in PH salivary measured to 15 and 30 minutes after consumed the drink of 72.7 %, to the time-10 of 49.3 % and the time 0 of 51.8 %.

Conclusions: The saliva in a maximum time of 30 minutes after the consumption of the drink tends to neutralize the pH raising it to a value similar to the one that was in the first capture to-10 minutes.

Key Words: pH to salivate, Capacity buffer, Moisturizing drinks, Measurement of ph

ORAL HEALTH PREVENTIVE PROGRAMA TO CONTROL CARIES AND 101 PERIDONTAL DISEASES RISK FACTORS IN PREGNANT Claudia Milena Riveros Alejo, Martha Juliana Rodríguez Gómez

Universidad Santo Tomás

Abstract

Objective: To design, execute and evaluate the effectiveness of a preventive program in oral health to control the risk factors to decay and periodontal disease in the pregnant whom were affiliated to an health enterprise in Bucaramanga.

Materials and methods: Forty pregnant who were in the second and third trimester of pregnancy were divided in experimental (20) and control (20) group. The both groups one provided to a questionnaire on beliefs and practices oral health. Latter, the periodontal index, dental state and oral hygiene index as well as the necessities of treatment were evaluated through a clinical examination before and after a preventive program. The experimental group received mechanical therapy, kits of oral hygiene, a conference and a video. The group control received the educative strategy developed by the health enterprise (conference). In order to compare according by intervention X 2 and Fisher´s exact test were applied by the qualitative variables and t of student or Wilcoxon´s rank test were used by the quantitative variables.

Results: The significant statistically were seen between intervention and control groups only them of intervention by the beliefs (p<0.0001) and healthful practice index (p=0.001); by both index were seen well in the intervention group. In the same way, ICPTN index was shown associated statistical (p<0.001). By ICP index statistical association were seen before and after of intervention.

Conclusion: The evidence seems to demonstrate that this type of programs are efficient and the health enterprise can implement this action without greater investment and guarantee the benefit of an integral service that adjusts to the necessities of this population.

Key Words: Pregnant, Risk Factors, Periodontal Disease, Decay, Knowledge, Practices, Oral Hygiene

61 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia PROGRAM OF EDUCATION IN APPLIED ORAL HEALTH TO AN UNIT OF MATERNAL

102 Diana Carolina Rodríguez Orjuela, Jahir Andrés Ruíz López, Johanna Andrea Bonilla Rodríguez, Leidy Johanna Lugo Mesa, Sonia Yanibe Rodríguez Salamanca, Wilmer Liborio López Mora, Xiomara Herrera Roa. Colegio Odontologico Colombiano Abstract ABSTRACT: Pregnant women, and specially those that are in poverty situations, are considered a vulnerable group that require integral health attention. Pregnancy courses are oriented in promoting health and preventing medical sickness not including education with regard to oral health. The aim of this study was to design, implement and evaluate a programme to complement pregnancy courses to reduce the risk of early childhood caries and periodontal diseases in the mothers and their offspring. During the 1st and 2nd semester of 2006, 21 pregnant women, from the Diana Turbay Health Center, between the ages of 15 and 35 years old were intentionally selected and given a questionnaire before and after the Oral Health Programme. The presence of dental plaque was examined by applying the O'Leary Index to evaluate the risk. The data was analyzed using Excel and a descriptive analysis. The obtained results show that an Oral Heath Programme increases knowledge concerning oral health and significantly reduces de presence of bacterial plaque in a group of pregnant women. In conclusion, an Oral health Programme focused on educating pregnant women is effective to reduce the risk of oral diseases during their pregnancy motivating mothers in good health habits to prevent early childhood caries in their offspring.

Key Words: Programme, oral health education, early childhood caries, gingivitis, oral habits.

EVALUATION OF THE PROGRAM OF QUALIFICATION TO EDUCATIONAL LEADERS IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE ORAL HEALTH OF THE 103 PRESCHOOL POPULATION OF SABANETA – ANTIOQUIA, 2006. Diana Maritza Torres Cardona, Carol Natalia Tamayo López, Mauricio Arias Merino, Maria Cristina Giraldo Zuluaga, Sandra González Ariza Universidad CES Abstract

Introduction: To reinforce the knowledge about oral health of the educational leaders at the educative institutions becomes a measurement guessed right in health promotion and dental diseases prevention that can appear in early ages, as a complement of the actions for protection that the families have at home.

Materials and methods: An intervention, comparative, prospective and longitudinal study was conducted. Leader teachers of 15 preschool institutions of the municipality of Sabaneta (Antioquia) were trained and 802 students between the 3 and 6 years were evaluated in two phases, with an interval of seven months, dental decay indices were applied to them (ceo-s and COP-S) and the IHOS index.As the same way, questionnaires structured on knowledge of oral hygiene to the educational ones were made in similar times.

Results: There was an increase in the level of knowledge of the 36,6% after the qualification of the educational ones. The average of the teeth in mouth stays, was an increase of the healthy surfaces, a reduction of 62.5% in the white spot, the soft plaque diminish in a 36.4%, appearing in addition a reduction to 33.7% in the active enamel decays.

Conclusions: The empowering of the educational ones in programs of oral health promotion, favors the improvement of the state of oral health in the children.

Key Words: Children, Qualification; Educational Leaders; Promotion And Prevention Programs, Education In Oral Health.

62 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia HEALTH SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS GUIDING THE LIFE EXPERIENCE OF SOME YOUTH GROUPS IN THE CITY OF MANIZALES, COLOMBIA

104 María del Carmen Vergara Quintero

Autonoma University of Manizales

Abstract

Through this research work, I try to aim at contributing with some bases that may be of help in finding a guiding thread between the formulation of policies and the needs, interests and expectations of the population. Youth, whom are often visualized from our perspective of adults, are perceived as risk people, with a high degree of vulnerability towards sexually transmitted diseases, adolescence pregnancies, a certain tendency to the consumption of psychoactive drugs and a terrifying nearness to violence. The policies formulated by adults correspond more to their fears and knowledge than to the needs undergone by the young people themselves.

Accordingly, I have decided to approach the problem through the youth social representations with reference to health in order to define proposals that will contribute to generating a major impact in their health in the city of Manizales, Colombia. The concern generated by this research results from the conviction that it is necessary to listen to young people to have a holistic vision of their problems and their requirements to be taken into account.

The most significant results from this project allow us to understand that social representations that guide youth life experience with reference to health result from a wide perspective about the world; thus, defining health as a balance state between mental, material, spiritual, emotional and moral aspects with a social projection. Work is one of the activities that youth consider healthful, as well as one of the requirements to have good health, as work generates freedom and autonomy. Health deals with violence, human rights and with peace. “Health is to the individual as peace is to the collectivity”.

Key Words: Health, youth, social representation

63 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia 1010 Social Securety and Social Services

64 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia LABOR RISK WHICH ARE EXPOSED THE TEACHERS AND DENTISTRY STUDENTS FROM SIXTH TO TENTH SEMESTER FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF SINU AT THE CLINIC CARTAGENA DE INDIAS 2007 105 *Pacheco, Y. *Puello, L. **Quintero, I. ***González, F., *Estudiantes de X Semestre de Odontología Universidad del Sinú, ** Docente de salud ocupacional Escuela de Medicina Universidad del Sinú, *** Docente de Investigaciones Escuela de Odontología Universidad del Sinú.

Abstract Universidad Del Sinu Objective: To describe the perceptions toward labor risk which are exposed the teachers and dentistry students from sixth to tenth semester from the University of Sinú that attend clinic Cartagena de Indias at first semester of 2007.

Methodology: This investigation is type transverse descriptive. The surveyed population was constituted by all of the students from sixth to tenth semester and teachers that attend the dentistry clinic Cartagena de Indias. The sample was conformed by eighty two people selected in population way. The collected data carries out trough done surveys into the dentistry clinic to the research target population. The evaluation was gotten taking account the variables hygienic factors, safety factors and hygienic and safety rules.

Results: It was watched that the most research population identifies the risk factors which are exposed into the dentistry clinic, besides they perceived that conditions of the place where they make their trainning are not so appropriate.

Conclusions: It can be emphasized that population in general of students and teachers perceive the risks which are exposed. Nevertheless, it is watched that in its majority they don't stand out the importance of using the necessary measures to avoid them, what result in a wrong handling of these factors and therefore generating illness.

Key Words: Hygienic, Safety Risk Factors And Safety And Hygienic Rules.

LOST HEARING INDUCED BY NOISE EVALUATED IN EDUCATIONAL DENTIST IN THE DENTAL CLINICS IN SANTO TOMÁS UNIVERSITY

106 Yinna LIzzeth Rivera Becerra., Sonia Constanza Concha S, Sandra Juliana Rueda

Universidad Santo Tomás

Abstract

Objective: To identify the degree of auditory loss in educational dentist of the USTA clinics according audiology qualification of the occupational scales of Larsen and Eli.

Materials and Methods: A study of observational descriptive type of prevalence was made; the universe was conforming by 32 and the sample by 27 dentists, selected by voluntary sampling. The relation of the presence of PAIR with each variable was analyzed by Chi2, Student´s t and Fisher Exact test; a significance level was considered á = 0.05. The exit variables were the presence of loss audition according to Eli and Larsen for both ears and like explanations variables the related ones to the sociodemographics and clinical aspects.

Results: The prevalence of PAIR according to the qualification of the Eli scale was in the left ear in a 62.9%; the women demonstrated noticeable alteration at this level. In the scale Larsen the right ear report 88.9% of prevalence being the men who presented/displayed greater alteration.

Conclusion: According to the valuation of the Eli scale the women demonstrate the beginning of the auditory alteration in the frequency of 4000 Hertz and in the men there is commitment of the acute and conversational frequencies being well-known the lost evolution of the auditory one.

Key Words:

65 XVIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación ACFO II Reunión de la International Association for Dental Research Sección Colombia