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Does Moral Intelligence Affect Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures? a Field Study of the Financial Statements Preparers in the Jordanian Industrial Sector

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Does Moral Intelligence Affect Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures? a Field Study of the Financial Statements Preparers in the Jordanian Industrial Sector INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 8, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2019 ISSN 2277-8616 Does Moral Intelligence Affect Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures? A Field Study of the Financial Statements Preparers in the Jordanian Industrial Sector. Tareq Bani-Khalid, Abdullah Matar Al-Adamat Abstract: Exploring how the degree of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure among Jordanian industrial firms is affected by fiscal statement arrangers’ moral intelligence is this research’s aim. It was anticipated that the higher extent of financial statements’ CSR disclosures is correlated to fiscal statement arrangers’ greater moral intelligence. Overall, the process of preparing fiscal reports and the level of CSR disclosure were found to be positively correlated to a greater degree of moral intelligence, thus confirming the research hypotheses.. Index Terms: Moral Intelligence, CSR Disclosure, Industrial Sector, Jordan. ———————————————————— 1. INTRODUCTION Ethical and CSR results can each stem from the choices As Chapple and Moon [1], Jamali and Mirshak [2] and made by company leaders relating to the means of Gamerschlag et al. [3] have explained, over the past twenty stakeholder engagement [10]. Lennick and Kiel [11] years the aim of formulating greater harmony between social emphasized that moral intelligence is a significant aspect of principles and companies ’ activities has seen the promotion ethics, defined as the capacity to engage in decision making firms ’ engagement in activities with positive social outcomes. and other activities, shape values and individual aims in a Consequently, Brammer and Pavelin [4], Hąbek and Wolniak manner whereby ethical norms are applied. As Matsimbe [12] [5] and Baldini et al. [6] noted that the publication of corporate related, it is apparent that the maintenance of ethical conduct social responsibility (CSR) activities is a growing obligation for and positive values, as well as the influence of robust values, companies, given the perception of such activities increasing shapes the behavior of leaders with moral intelligence. significance. Baldini et al. [6] stressed that investors and Mahdavikhou et al. [13] posited that within the accounting market actors are specifically seeking greater CSR disclosure field, it is crucial to engage in ethical conduct. In this regard, by companies, alongside governments ’ requirements. business leaders ’ moral values shape decision making Accordingly, Garcia-Sanchez et al. [7] observed that as a to non-obligatory CSR disclosure and other forms of means of fulfilling their stakeholder responsibilities and overall transparent conduct. Ultimately, as Maruszewska [14] societal obligations, in terms of explaining business observed, such disclosures ’ dependability may be influenced operations ’ social and environmental implications, there has by ethical considerations.Jackling et al. [15], Gammie and been a marked expansion in firms voluntarily and compulsorily Gammie [16], Martinov-Bennie and Mladenovic [17], Nadaraja engaging in CSR information release.Furthermore, there is an and Mustapha [18], Payne et al. [19] and Todorović ’s [20] ‘ e thical quandary ’ that is a growing problem for studies are all examples of the varied research which has businesses; Hosseini et al. [8] defined this quandary as the sought to provide an accounting ethical code, as well as situation wherein it is imperative for ethical and uneth1ical studies such as Graafland and Van de Ven ’s [21] that actions to be recharacterized, based on the increasingly CSR ’s substantial ethical impetus. Neverthless, CSR ambiguous parameters of appropriate and inappropriate disclosure and other accounting field activities continue to conduct. Hamidizade and Nekooeezade [9] related how ethics suffer from morally dubious conduct. Meanwhile, Ferrell et al. is considered to be a social advantage in the contemporary [10] explained the tendency to conflate CSR and business competitive global economy, because sustainable rivalry and ethics, with the two areas lacking distinction in academic the attainment of strong performance are influenced by studies. On this basis and reflecting Mahdavikhou et al. ’ s [13] morality. Consequently, the decision-making processes of conclisions, there is a need for additional study based on businesses are shaped by ethical norms. psychological explanations of moral intelligence, in terms of its influence one ethical thought and conduct. It is apparent that the correlation of CSR disclosure extent and different factors has been investigated in numerous researches. Nevertheless, ____________________ the requirement for appraising and overhauling ethical accounting in studies has increased in accorance with Tariq Bani-Khalid:Assistant Professor of Financial Accounting at Department of Accounting,Faculty of significant financial deceptions and accounting scandals that Economics & Administrative SciencesAl al-Bayt University, have surfaced in recent decades. Accordingly, the extent to E-mail: [email protected] which the degree of CSR disclosure is influenced by fiscal Abdullah Al-Adamat: Assistant Professor of Marketing at statement arrangers ’ extent of moral intelligence is the issue Department of Business Administration, Faculty of being explored in this research. The remainder of this study is Economics & Administrative Sciences, Al al-Bayt University, presented in the following manner. Having presented a broad E-mail: [email protected] introduction to the context in section 1, the critical literature review is provided in section 2. The study hypotheses are 561 IJSTR©2019 www.ijstr.org INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 8, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2019 ISSN 2277-8616 outlined in section 3. The study method is detailed in section 4, and distinguishing between control and ownership. while the data analysis proceeds in section 5. Finally, the Environmental and social reporting is the sole component of discussion and conclusion comprise section 6. CSR reporting that is concentrated on in this study, which Hussainey et al. [37] characterized as a firm ’s explication and 2 LITERATURE REVIEW: reporting of the environmental impacts stemming from its operations. Adoption of socio-environmental methods, 2.1 Corporate Social Responsibility adherence to environmental legislation and limitation of As Garcia-Sanchez et al. [7] suggested, papers that seek to noxious emissions into the aquatic or air environment may all detail business operations ’ environmental, social and be aspects of such CSR activities. economic effects over a particular time frame to every stakeholder may be defined as a CSR report. Gray et al. [22] 2.2 Moral Intelligence noted that a firm ’s revenue is not the focus in such CSR Clarken [38] and Beheshtifar et al. [39] suggested that in term reports, with other outcomes of company operations being of enhancing comprehension of behavior and knowledge conveyed to stakeholders by the firm ’s managers. Rather, as acquisition, greater understanding of moral intelligence shows Williams and Pei [23] detailed, alongside established fiscal considerable promise, despite a greater amount of extant reporting practices, the means through which revenue is being research having focused on social, emotional and cognitive produced will be explicated through such CSR data. In this intelligence. As Clarken [38] related, the explication of regard, Williams [24] related that the impact on customer acquisition and adoption of knowledge and capabilities is wellbeing of a firm ’s goods, the organization ’s charitable possible based on intelligence, with learning and cognitive giving, community engagement, consumer and supplier capacities indicated by it. Beheshtifar et al. [39] noted that relationships, industrial relations and actions, among various learnt, genetic and inherent features all influence the level of other types of information, may be incorporated into CSR intelligence, which differs among individuals. Furthermore, disclosures. Gray et al. [22] observed that there has been a Borba [40] and Clarken [38] characterized moral intelligence marked expansion in CSR reporting ’s extent and detail in the as engagement in upstanding conduct, possession of robust contemporary period, with Van der Laan Smith et al. [25] moral principles and adherence to them, as well as the pointing to the parallel growth in accounting studies focusing capacity to determine inappropriate and appropriate actions. on this issue.Meek et al. [26] explained that certain regulations Moral intelligence has also been defined as the cognitive pertaining to financial reporting and accounting are obligatory, ability to ascertain the manner in which individual principles, although these may be supported with additional reporting that aims and activities should be influenced by broadly applicable is discretionary or voluntary. Thus, as Cotter et al. [27] pointed human moral norms [11,p.7]. Ultimately, as Clarken [38] out, this is a form of company-stakeholder interaction that is summarized, the manner of individual action, sentiment and not governed by regulations. Gamerschlag et al. [3], cognition is pertinent to moral intelligence, with resolve, desire Giannarakis [28] and Baldini et al. ’s [6] studies exemplify the and understanding all influencing the concept.Fairness, vast research that has been undertaken focusing on the tolerance, kindness, respect, self-control, conscience and influential variables shaping discretionary corporate reporting.
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