USAID AND EAST AFRICA

PEACE III PROGRESS REPORT

APRIL 2017 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Pact Kenya, and the PEACE III team. USAID KENYA AND EAST AFRICA: PEACE III FY 2017 Q2 PROGRESS REPORT

1ST January-31st March 2017

Award No: AID 623-A-14-00004

Prepared for Josphat Wachira United States Agency for International Development/Kenya C/O American Embassy United Nations Avenue, Gigiri P.O. Box 629, Village Market 00621 , Kenya

Prepared by Pact Kenya

DISCLAIMER The authors’ views expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government.

I. PEACE III EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1

II. Program Introduction ...... 4

III. Context Analysis...... 5

IV. KEY ACHIEVEMENTS (Qualitative Impact) ...... 6

III. ACTIVITY PROGRESS (Quantitative Impact) ...... 25

IV. CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES ...... 25

V. PERFORMANCE MONITORING ...... 26

VI. PROGRESS ON GENDER STRATEGY ...... 27

VII. PROGRESS ON ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION AND MONITORING ...... 27

VIII. PROGRESS ON LINKS TO OTHER USAID PROGRAMS ...... 27

IX. PROGRESS ON LINKS WITH GOvernment AGENCIES ...... 28

X. PROGRESS ON USAID FORWARD ...... 29

XI. SUSTAINABILITY AND EXIT STRATEGY ...... 29

XIII. SUBSEQUENT QUARTER’S WORK PLAN ...... 29

XV. ACTIVITY ADMINISTRATION ...... 31

XVI. GPS INFORMATION ...... 31

ANNEXES & ATTACHMENTS (MAXIMUM 10 PAGES) ...... 31

USAID/KENYA PEACE III PROGRESS REPORT FOR Q2 FY 2017 i

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

CEWARN Conflict Early Warning and Response Mechanism

CEWERU Conflict Early Warning Early Response Unit

CPMR Conflict Prevention Management and Resolution

CSO Civil Society Organizations

IGAD Intergovernmental Authority on Development

ISP Institutional Strengthening Plan

KDF Kenya Defense Force

NGO Non-Governmental Organization

NRM Natural Resource Management

OPI Organizational Performance Index

ONA Organizational Network Assessment

PREG Partnership for Resilience and Economic Growth

UPDF Uganda Peoples Defense Forces

USAID/KENYA PEACE III PROGRESS REPORT FOR Q2 FY 2017 1

I. PEACE III EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This quarter has been a challenging time for the program. Not only has the context seen major shocks and stressors affect programming such as the drought and elections, but the future of the program itself has been called into question due to funding constraints. This has made it difficult to maintain momentum and motivation. Despite this however the past 2 years of investment is starting to pay dividends in many areas of program, and real tangible success are starting to be seen. As such the main areas of focus this quarter have been:

Scale up of pilot initiatives: This quarter, PEACE III started scaling up two major initiatives that have proved successful in the Karamoja Cluster. These are Trauma Healing and the Chiefs Forum. PEACE III has been implementing the two as pilots and is ready to scale them up. Trauma Healing initially targeted four pilot groups and will be scaled to an extra 14 groups. The Chiefs Forum, a community idea and supported by PEACE III has been scaled up in zone 5 and in the next quarter in zone 6. It should be noted that PEACE III will not be scaling up Trauma Healing in the Kapoeta region as earlier planned. Trauma healing is not applicable in area where there is active conflict.

Trauma healing beneficiaries can now openly share messages of peace in public fora: In the previous quarter, we reported how Trauma Healing beneficiaries have healed and how neighborhood communities have since forgiven them. This time around, the beneficiaries can move far from their communities, give testimonies and preach peace. This could not happen before PEACE III started providing trauma healing interventions. In this quarter, the head of Kaabong Peace Ambassadors travelled to to meet a USAID/PREG team to share his journey from renegade to repatriation, recovery and reconciliation. PEACE III is expanding these interventions to cover other 16 groups from the original 4 that were targeted as pilot. Photo: One of the Kaabong Peace Ambassadors (front) speaking at the Moroto Peace Race. On his left is Minister of State for Karamoja and right is Amb. Tegla.

Women Peacebuilders Gaining Momentum in the : In the last quarter, PEACE III launched the program's gender integration strategy with a series of regional women's peacebuilding forums. The forums brought together more than 80 women leaders from Uganda, Kenya, and South Sudan to discuss conflict related issues that affect them and to commit to actions they can take as individuals and a collective to advocate for peace in the Horn. A statement was issued at the events outlining women's priorities for peacebuilding in the region (The " Resolution"). Women have since shown tremendous initiative since the forum events. For example, along the Turkana /South Omo border, in Kenya and Ethiopia, where conflict has been intractable, government officials have begun to work with women leaders to diffuse tensions and have been supporting a series of women-led peace talks to reignite the stalled negotiations. In a Conflict Prevention, Mitigation and Response (CPMR) workshop organized by the Regional Conflict Early Warning and Response Network (CEWARN/IGAD) in Uganda on March 9 - 10, 2017, when women leaders presented the Kitale

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Resolution, the director of CEWARN was impressed and announced that CEWARN would take women's priorities forward in their annual work plan and budget, since they are an untapped resource in cross-border peace processes.

Government a key player in peace: Across the program the engagement of the government in peace action has massively increased. Not only does this signify the strength of PEACE III partner relations, but it also indicates a shift in the understanding and value that government is placing on maintaining and restoring peace.

Religious leaders critical in CVE: In the Somali cluster the role of religious leaders is proving essential to the program’s contributing to CVE. Not only do these leaders have significant reach into their communities but they also retain respect and influence. The program is building a network of these leaders who can preach peace and tolerance but also help to counter some of the narratives presented by terror groups. Given skills and knowledge these religious leaders are energetic and committed, actively looking for opportunities to engage their communities, and mentor youth.

Peace a critical component of growth and resilience: throughout the quarter the value of collaboration and integration has become evident with fruitful relationships continuing with the GHG program in Uganda in support of the reformed warriors and new relationships developing with NRC, Islamic Relief, the K-YES program, and Agha Khan in support of ‘at-risk’ Somali youth. What is evident from this is not only the value of economic empowerment in sustaining peace outcomes but also the critical role that peace and reconciliation play in providing the foundations for vulnerable sections of conflict-prone communities to more effectively and positively engage within their societies. Livelihood and economic opportunities are hard to envisage when you are isolated from your communities, and led to believe you have no productive role to play. Equally drought situations are hard to manage when conflict disrupts migrations patterns, and resources are held by your enemy. Peace work opens space for people to reengage, think differently about themselves and each other.

This quarter also saw a heavy focus on reflection and learning. Typically, a five-year intervention requires well- structured stakeholder reflective moments to go along with the program implementation cycles. PEACE III is no different and more so, given the unpredictable and sporadic nature of conflicts within its scope. How do we know that what we do will translate into what we want to see? Why should we do what we do? These were some of the critical questions that guided discussions during the partner reflection workshop conducted this quarter. In the reflection meeting, corridor level reflections were deliberated upon including challenges and what had worked well. Participants were also taken through communication that included good photography skills to improve on their activity photo quality, and better document what we are achieving. Following this all partner work plans were reviewed and realigned to ensure they mapped processes that lead to desired outcomes.

Within the management of the program 2 major shifts have occurred that are gaining traction:

Redefining Process of Change that PEACE III is contributing to: During this Pact and Mercy Corps worked hard with the program partners to better define and map out the process of change that the program is working towards in each zone. This process responds to the needs of each context but also ensures that action builds on previous progress.

PEACE III documentation and MERL process: This quarter, PEACE III focused more heavily on documenting the ‘so what’. In the Karamoja Cluster, the program acquired the services of three internees from New York University to support the project to document process that will support our evidence on the successes. The

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internees worked on three areas namely Trauma Healing, our approach to youth programming and resources sharing agreements as key to addressing the nexus between Conflict and Climate Change. PEACE III also supported GRI and IBTCI to conduct an assessment on conflict and climate change in zone 7. In the Somali Cluster beneficiary feedback was garnered at various sites to understand how the program is impacting on people’s lives, and what they able to do now that they couldn’t before.

During the coming quarter. Given the uncertainty of the program it is difficult to confirm the exact focus of programming throughout the coming quarter, With current funding the program will be implementing final actions before close out in June. These actions will be focused on completing ongoing processes, finalizing agreements and addressing priority issues.

II. PROGRAM INTRODUCTION

The PEACE III is a five year, USAID funded regional conflict transformation program awarded to Pact in partnership with Mercy Corps in April, 2014. The program seeks to contribute to stability in the Horn of Africa region, by strengthening the horizontal and vertical linkages within & between local, national, and regional conflict management actors. It has two objectives:  To strengthen local cross border conflict management systems (Primary objective)  To improve the responsiveness of regional and national institutions to cross-border conflict (Secondary objective)

PEACE III Model of Change: The model of change considers both horizontal and vertical linkage of all peace builders in the program areas. According to the PEACE III Proposal, the team will build on existing capacities and will strengthen the horizontal and vertical linkages within and between local, national, and regional CMS actors. PEACE II research noted “horizontal networks are needed to make a collaborative peace system effective, building inclusivity and diversity into the systems….Vertical networks are needed to ensure a macro-level analysis and effective higher-level support for grassroots peace efforts.” Both linkages must be strengthened for an integrated multi-level approach to peace that emphasizes sustainability through a strong and supported CMS. PEACE III builds upon PEACE II and PEACE I previous USAID funded conflict programs by focusing and addressing the diverse drivers of conflict in the Horn of Africa along the Kenya/, Kenya/Ethiopia, Kenya/South Sudan and Kenya/Uganda cross borders.

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III. CONTEXT ANALYSIS.

Significant regional changes Throughout this reporting period the entire region has experienced significant drought impacts. This has led to significant movements of people and their herds into neighboring land, in search of pasture and water. These include the movement of Dassenach of Ethiopia into the Kenya borders, and notably the Turkana and Toposa (South Sudan) into Uganda. It was reported that some pastoralists from as far as (Kenya/South Sudan border) were for the first time found around Kobebe in Moroto Uganda, some 500KM away. Livestock herds are severely affected, with significant loss of animals and in a few cases, human lives. Towards the end of the reporting period the drought situation was so severe, and resources so scarce that conflicts were minimal as few if any communities had access to resources to fight over. Preparations will be required for the anticipated rains during the next quarter, as this is when the risk of conflicts will be highest, with rain falling sporadically and households looking to restock.

The large-scale drought-induced movements can cause stress and resentment from hosting communities and leaders. This is particularly seen in Uganda where communities have been hosting their counterparts from Kenya and South Sudan for many years and in some places living in harmony with minor conflicts. But recently language used by Uganda leaders towards these communities changing. This can be attributed to several reasons including prolonged drought, increasing numbers of migrants that puts a strain on social services, political leaders using the issue as political capital; pre-election politics in Kenya; increasing incursions of Kenyan and South Sudan warriors with guns; expanding strength and threat of Tsetse flies etc.

The other main issue of focus was the upcoming Kenyan elections. Throughout the country community groups are aligning themselves, and pre-election violence has reported in various areas and remains a big threat to escalating conflicts in zones where PEACE III operate. Key hotspot areas have been noted by NSC to include , , , and Turkana. In many contentious border areas, people have been moving across from neighboring Ethiopia, Uganda and Somalia, in their thousands to influence the election results in favor of their clan or community.

The presidential election in Somalia also took place this quarter, during which a new president (Farmajo) was elected. The election was peaceful and its outcome accepted by all candidates. The new president who hails from community was widely supported by the people of Somalia. One of the initial positive moves of his presidency is an agreement with the Kenyan president that instructs the opening of border crossing points between Mandera and Beled hawa, Elwak and Elwak Somalia and Dobley and Liboi to ease movement of goods and services and to enhance local cross border relations. The two presidents also agreed to cooperate on security related issues and trade including direct flights from Nairobi to . They also agreed not to subject refugees from Dadaab to forced repatriation. The discussion between the two presidents is generally viewed to have a great impact on the relations between the communities from the two countries and may greatly influence official intelligence and information sharing.

The Somali cluster continues to experience significant terror attacks by AS including attacks on vehicles plying the Mandera- road such as the hijacking of the KPLC vehicle from their office in Elwak, Kenya. Another major attack by AS was on a KDF camp in Kolbio where several soldiers are believed to have been killed. This happened after AS destroyed telecom masts in the area perhaps to limit chances for communications and reinforcements.

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IV. KEY ACHIEVEMENTS (QUALITATIVE IMPACT)

Program-wide achievements: Reflection meeting for all partners. During this quarter the program held its first reflection meeting that engaged all partners to the program. The meeting took place in Nairobi from 24th-25th January at the Maasai Lodge. The meeting was held for several reasons, 1) to promote networking and collaboration between partners, 2) to share lessons, and experiences across the program, 3) to agree a collective approach to programming under PEACE III and to revise workplans accordingly, 4) to discuss and address challenges in the implementation and partnership within the program.

The meeting was extremely successful. It presented a useful opportunity for partners to share their experience, and best practices with one another and develop relationships upon which collaborative action can be built. It also allowed partners to raise questions, and feedback to the Pact and Mercy Corps team that can guide our roles and approaches to partnership. By far the most meaningful outcome was the better understanding by all partners, and team members on the value and mechanisms for more strategic, process-oriented work planning and implementation. Throughout the year the program has been attempting to move towards this direction to improve our resources efficiency and impact. This meeting saw a significant shift in thinking towards this approach that was carried through into the process of adjusting workplans.

Enhanced representation of the program: During the quarter the program has had numerous opportunities to represent the program with senior USAID officials. Firstly, the CoP met with the Mission Director, and 2 Deputy Mission Directors and the Democracy and Governance team in January. This meeting was held to update the Director on the progress of the program but also to seek support and guidance in the securing of future funds for the program. The meeting was very much appreciated and valuable to the program, it gave important insight into the areas of interests of the Mission and USAID at large, and highlighted ways in which the program could better represent its impact. It is hoped that should funding be secured that such suggestions can be taken up, and more creative ways can be sought by both USAID and PEACE III to reflect peace impacts.

In March the Turkana program received visits from both USAID officials and IPs engaged in the Partnership for Resilience and Economic Growth, and the Ambassador to the US. These visits were an excellent opportunity for the program to showcase its work, and the importance of conflict management programming per se, particularly considering the current contextual challenges surrounding the drought and upcoming Kenyan elections. (see below for more details)

The CoP was also invited to speak at the USAID Somalia Implementing Partners meeting in February, on the challenges and lessons from implementing in communities in conflict. The CoP spoke about the challenges of building social cohesion and the value of integrating peace programs with other interventions that add value and opportunities to the improvements in cohesion. The meeting was a good opportunity to further the program’s relationships with others implementing similar programs in the same sector and geographical footprint, such as TIS + and IOM’s SSI programs.

Engaging with wider efforts in cross border violence prevention: The Chief of Party attended meetings at DDG to discuss the establishment of a Borderland Working Group. The meeting convened like-minded organizations to discuss the value in raising Borderlands, and cross border programming as an issue within the wider development community. Participants included those from Life and Peace Institute, Rift Valley Institute, ICRC, Conciliation Resources and Handicap International among others. Discussions centered on the value and purpose of a group. This was determined to be ‘to gather research and evidence to influence policy and discourse on

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borders and border areas’ and agreements were made on the drafting of a ToR for such as effort, against which comments can be made. PEACE III welcomes this initiative and the focus given to cross border areas by other actors, and intends to engage proactively with this group.

The Chief of Party attended numerous meetings this quarter regarding the upcoming Kenyan Elections. These were convened by DFID, and the USG and the IFES – KEAP program. These meetings, whilst many, were useful in creating linkages that can be taken down to the county level to coordinate efforts in violence prevention. Since this meeting both the Garissa and Mandera teams have met with other stakeholders to discuss possible coordinate actions that can be taken to prevent violence erupting in known hotspots.

One discussion, that has moved ahead are discussions held with County Governance Watch which regarding the program’s support to a set of youth dialogues in North Eastern to support youth engagement in the pre- elections, providing them with a space to raise their concerns and demand different political aspirants. Teams in Mandera have reached out to other organizations such as ACT and the Jamii Thabiti program, as well as the County governments in Mandera and Marsabit to discuss possible co-financing arrangements. This has been well received. Please see Annex for the proposed concept.

Unfortunately plans for these dialogues have not been able to move as swiftly as we would like due to concerns on the future funding of the program. These restrictions have also unfortunately made it not possible for the program to respond to requests from the NSC for election support.

Pact’s sister program in Ethiopia SIPED II organized learning visits for the Ministry of Federal and Pastoral Development Affairs (MoFPDA) to Kenya and Uganda to understand progress made in establishing national EWER, particularly within devolved systems. The PEACE III team worked closely with the Ugandan and Kenyan CEWERUs to give significant support to these visits, both in terms of logistical arrangements, scheduling support and meeting with the delegation during their visits. The reports are not yet final but give very detailed analysis of the range of EWER initiatives established, which in Kenya include: NSC’s SMS, Situation room and UWIANO platform, APS Peace Cop program and “Hello Kenyans” initiative, Nyumba Kumi, NCIC Social Cohesion Monitors, as well as county level EWER systems.

Such partnership between the two Pact program’s is indicative of the value of a regional program as PEACE III could provide much needed connections and introductions to stakeholders in Kenya and Uganda. The findings are also of interest to us as we seek to strengthen the EWER mechanism across the region.

In the Somali cluster coordination with other actors has also been a major focus this quarter. PEACE III is a key member of several CSO coordination groups. In Garissa PEACE III is a member of the PREG and the Humanitarian Coordination Hub that focuses on humanitarian support to drought victims and people who may be affected by election-related violence. In Mandera the program participates in monthly coordination meetings alongside DDG, Interpeace, and Coffey International among others.

Beyond the program has sought specific opportunities to collaborate with other actors to increase the overall impact of investments. We continue to engage with NRC, K-YES and Islamic relief throughout the Somali cluster to enable a more integrated approach to working with youth. In each case PEACE III provides foundational life skills, civic engagement and dialogue opportunities, and connects with others to layer on economic empowerment skills, opportunities and resources.

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Implementing the Gender Strategy/women taking the lead: Across the entire Karamoja cluster, women led initiatives increased. These initiatives build on the women Regional Forums conducted in the last quarter aimed at invigorating the role of women Participants on the last day of the March USAID/PREG visit to Turkana commented ‘women wield a lot of power and can cause In zone 5 and 6, women met for the massive change since they have a silent but powerful voice to their first time in an organized cross border husbands and sons who get into battle front lines” referring to a panel dialogue led by women who presentation made by three women working with PEACE III. participated in Kitale, Moroto and

Lodwar forums to communicate the Kitale resolutions and push for peace in the corridors. In Loki, women from South Sudan and Kenya met. In Omorate, zone 5 a cross border women-led meeting took place between Dassenach and Turkana women of Kenya and Ethiopia. (see annex 1 for the story). In Lodwar, women from Uganda who are part of the women forum hosted a PREG team and shared initiatives they are engaged in to build peace.

Four women from Kenya and Uganda who participated in the Kitale women’s forum have enrolled to become trauma healing facilitators for the next trauma healing sessions. The four were trained together with other previous TH facilitators. This linkage between women forum participants and trauma healing is significant because our next target groups will compose of women and youth. PEACE III has been lacking women facilitators to handle trauma healing sessions. Also, it will increase the network links between women affected by conflict who are in TH groups with women at higher levels and who can speak for them. Photo above: Members of Sachia women group targeted under Piloted Trauma Healing Initiative

Zonal Level Achievements Zone 1: In the recent past the Boni areas has been experiencing a period of improved calm and peace courtesy of the recently concluded Linda-Boni operation. Equally, instances of clan conflicts have also been on the decline with the last reported clan conflict being that of the Auliyahan and the Sheekhal.

The Hulugho/Kolbio corridor experienced increased AS attacks during the quarter, with the worst being the attack on KDF and SNA camp in Kolbio in the month of January. During this attack the local administrator Kolbio was also killed along with many KDF soldiers. This incident has increased military activities in the corridor.

The prolong drought has negatively impacted the communities rendering an almost complete collapse of pastoral livelihoods. The water pans completely dried forcing some schools to be closed and communities to move to Hulugho center which itself has no water. Mass deaths of livestock and shoats were witnessed. The

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Boni forest which is a dry-season reserve was also affected by the drought. The water trucking program supported by the GoK could not serve areas along the border due to fear of kidnaping by AS.

PEACE IIIs focus in this zone is on continued support to local government interaction across borders, collaborative efforts on CVE that engages both communities and government, and focus on opportunities for youth. Activities this quarter include:

Support to local government CVE efforts: KYBI responded to requests from the County to support their efforts in CVE. This involved supporting a stakeholder mapping process as well as the launch of their county CVE strategy. This support was given in collaboration with other actors including: Search for Common Ground, the British High Commission and Taita Taveta University. The mapping exercise brought together government actors, including the Director of Operation Linda Boni, and a number of NGOs including Search for Common Grounds, Aga Khan Foundation, KYBI, Wasafiri, Kenya Muslim Youth Alliance among others. The meeting mapped out key CVE programs in Lamu, identified gaps and proposed interventions that can help in addressing these, such as quarterly CVE stakeholders’ meetings, and Whatsapp group formation. Discussions also centered on the nature of CVE interventions and how they should be implemented in such a way as to enable rather than limit local livelihoods. For example: requests were made for the night fishing ban to be lifted1, for the mechanism of UWEZO fund loans to be reviewed by religious leaders, and for Operation Linda Boni to provide more support to communities. The Linda Boni Director recommended that at least one forum be held in the remote Boni areas where there is little or no CVE intervention.

This event was followed by support to the launching of the CVE strategy. The development of the CVE strategy has been ongoing for the last 18 months with support from the Foreign and Commonwealth office of the British High Commission, Taita Taveta University and the Government of Kenya. The event was graced by his Excellency Timamy, the Governor of Lamu and was attended by representative from US embassy, UK embassy, County commissioner, and Linda Boni officials, IOM, NCTC and other CSOs. 160 people attended in total. Recommendations from the strategy launch include: dialogue processes for Lamu and Mpeketoni, large scale healing and reconciliation processes for communities affected by counter terrorism approaches, restructuring Community Policing Units in Lamu County, expanding skills training to cover more beneficiaries and organizing trust building activities for the police and communities.

1 Through the office the County Commissioner the Interior Ministry has since agreed to lift the ban on night fishing. KYBI has been mandated to lead the process and organize a key stakeholders meeting to establish modalities to ensure that the process is completed in the shortest time possible. The key stakeholder meeting will involve fishermen and security agents and will include discussion on issuing of identification cards for the fishermen

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Launch of Lamu CVE Strategy led by his excellency Governor Issa Timamy of Lamu

“everyone in Lamu is a victim, even the Governor is a victim of police brutality and harassment”. Comment during CVE strategy Launch

Cross border collaboration on security: As a follow-up to a recommendation during a previous inter- governmental cross border security meeting in Kiunga, KYBI supported a security and community security forum to begin to bridge the gap between the security agents and the community in terms of trust, collaboration and information sharing.

In this meeting, issues of cross border movement and trade, corruption and profiling of some people were raised as obstacles to closer relations between the community and security officials. The police commandants assured the community that action will be taken against rogue police officers involved in corruption and those who discriminate against certain communities. The officials assured small scale traders that they would be allowed to carry on with their OCPD Kiunga, Mr. Mugambi promising to work well with communities trade without restrictions. The officials encouraged the community to share security information with the security agents, assuring them of their unequivocal support and protection.

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Enabling youth to productively engage. Work in zone 1 continues to focus on youth given the limited opportunities available to the youth population in this area and the real threats of radicalization. The program works with both ‘at-risk’ youth, as well as youth leaders and associations who can support, mentor and represent their peers.

KYBI held a forum in Kiunga-Raskiamboni targeting 51 youth leaders and potential youth leaders who will be working with at-risk youth to support them in advocating for their rights. The discussion focused on how youth can realize their potential and to tap in to existing local resources to benefit them. The participants were tasked to elect 30 youth leaders who will act as their representatives and who can influence government officials and other leaders to access resources. They can also play an important role in influencing positive change among youth in the region.

The 30 elected are heads of youth associations and bunges. They will receive advocacy training and communication skills. They will then be working with the at-risk youth that the program has already supported and engage with the county government, to help them link into the government opportunities and leaders. The program has been tailoring advocacy materials that were designed for Pact’s previous KCSSP to provide to these leaders during the coming quarter.

IWFP provided training on entrepreneurship for at-risk youth from Hulugho. This was part of a process meant to support youth against radicalization and was a follow up to the CVE training previously conducted. IWFP has linked with KYES who helped in providing local and materials. The training focused on attitude change and positive public participation in reducing the threat of violent extremism. 10 students from the group who showed willingness to continue with the process, were provided with the application forms and guaranteed support “the training has really changed our attitude admissions to the TVET in Garissa. It’s also important to and behavior. I was confused and hopeless but note the value of such training in creating the foundations now can discover my potential. It will go a long for young people to positively engage. Many feel socially way in shaping my life” (Mohamed) isolated, or carry experiences that limit their abilities to imagine a positive, productive future. The progam will continue to work with all these young people furthering their opportunities for more positive civic engagement.

The Assistant County Commissioner for Hulugho thanked the program for the continued engagement with communities in Hulugho and Kolbio despite security challenges. He stated no organization can stand the threat caused by AS but PEACE III program stood with the community and the youth.

IWFP also held a forum aimed at We live between a rock and a hard place. Al Shabaab enhancing the relationship between the indoctrinate and radicalize youth whilst the same also kidnapped youth and the military in Hulugho. The a young man from Hulugho and killed him in Jilib…. The event was attended by key government security agents kill the youth without reference to the law and this officials from the military and police as pushes the youth to vulnerable and risky situations. Who do we well as youth from both cross-border run to? The strategies used by the security agencies are not youth centers of Hulugho and Kolbio. This friendly. They isolate the youth and break trust. This makes it activity came at a time the corridor was difficult to share information with them. (Safi IWFP Youth faced with multiple attacks from Al- training) Shabaab creating widespread fear and terror

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In the discussion, it was agreed that the high handedness of the government machinery in combating extremism is counterproductive or may serve as a push factor to radicalization thus curtailing information sharing. The participants also noted that the restriction and closure of cross border movement has been used by the military

“The role of security agencies is to maintain law and order to protect the people’s lives and their property. The youth are expected to closely work with security agencies to share information on security matters and report any incident that is a threat to security. By working together, the relationship with the youth becomes strong and trust is built removing any suspicion,” Officer Commanding KDF camp to justify profiling of communities and suspected forced disappearances as well as branding some communities as sympathizers of Al-Shabaab. All this creates negative perceptions of the military. It was suggested that a friendlier approach be adopted that will encourage the youth to help in information sharing to counter VE, including routine meetings, as well as other ways to interact such as sporting events between the youth and security to cement the relationship.

The work of the partners in this zone has contributed to the following outcomes:

Greater trust and collaboration with local government. KYBI’s relationship with the local governments of Kiunga and Ras Kiamboni and the Lamu County are evidenced by in the level of trust given to them to lead on and support important security/CVE related processes. Such improvements in our relationships better positions the program to play a role in influencing ways of working, and in facilitating difficult connections among governments, and between governments, security and communities.

Identification of integration opportunities for youth: the interaction with other actors during the mapping and strategy launch, and the youth work in Hulugho has developed relationships that will better enable the program to combine its support to youth, with economic empowerment programs. The K-YES program, and the Agha Khan Foundation have both committed to supporting the -at-risk’ youth that PEACE III works with in their youth empowerment program.

Zone 2: This zone faces increased threat of AS given its geographical location coupled with weak presence of government and poor communication network. In the dispute between the Degodia and Gare has subsided due to continued support of PEACE III and the GoK., and overall the zone has enjoyed considerable peace for this period with a break from inter-clan clashes. There are however heightened political temperatures among the various clans of the county. A new political approach based on a winner-takes-all model is being propelled by the various political leaders which may be a recipe for future clan conflicts. Each major clan in the county (Ajuran, Degodia and ) develops its own line-up. This is in contrast with the last general election where the major and minor communities equally shared the county leadership. The zone is also experiencing prolonged drought with scarcity of water and pasture for a population that’s largely pastoralist. With the migration patterns changing, animals from as far as Garissa and Ijara have come to Wajir in search of water and pasture while others from have been there for some time.

PEACE III partners focus in this zone continues to be on stabilizing cross border relationships, particularly in view of current stressors, and on building the resilience of the population to violent extremism.

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In Gerilley, the KDF will come pointing Maintaining relationships through inter-communal guns at us in almost every homestead dialogue: WPDA convened a dialogue that allowed elders from threatening to kill everyone. And because of Marehan and Degodia from Konton, Gerilley, Khorofharar, the language barrier and the lack of trust, Daresalaam, and neighboring locations to discuss ongoing we only watch them helplessly and in cases tensions and enhance peaceful coexistence between the two where they kill one of us, nothing can be communities. Administrators from Somalia and Kenya attended, done. We know you are civilians like us, with the meeting chaired by the Assistant County Commissioner but you are Kenyans with a legitimate of Khorofharar sub-county, Mr. Ruben Ogedah. The dialogue government and leaders. If there is anything also centered on sharing of water with the Marehan lamenting you can do about this nightmare, please do they were denied water by their Degodia counterparts at critical not hesitate. (elder in Gerilley – periods which is against the practice of pastoralists. Elders from Marehan/Degodia Dialogue WPDA) the Marehan community apologized for the confrontation that left several people injured and admitted that it was because of the biting drought and not on any other ground. The Degodia elders expressed commitments to avoid similar confrontations that may dent the relationship between the two. Such meetings also allow communities to discuss collective threats, such as the challenge of VE and the associated response from the government. During the meeting the Marehan requested their Kenyan bothers to aid them in their engagement with the KDF.

FOAID, WCC and WPDA continued to their collaboration in organizing a follow-up dialogue for the Degodia and Gare communities. Recommendations agreed at the previous meeting in Kutulo Wajir were reviewed, and new issues that have occurred due to the challenges of drought were discussed.

A joint tour by the local chiefs from the locations of Leheley, Boji Garas, El-ram, Kutulo, Kutayu, and surrounding areas will be organized expecting support from the county government of Wajir through the Directorate of Peace. This will be coordinated through the office of Tarbaj Sub-County Administrator who was part of the dialogue. Among the mandate of the chiefs will be visits to “We live and co-exist as good neighbors and solve our own problems up to the point where elections are expected and we all go nuts all in the the injured, clearing the mistrust name of politicians who rarely step in our areas or know what it takes to between the two communities and be subjected to droughts of this magnitude. This land belongs to all of us preaching peace since the severe and the truth will remain that the politicians’ sons and daughters are at drought and the approaching the universities and other learning institutions when ours are shedding elections are a recipe for clan blood. It’s our rights to vote for our preferred candidates but that should conflicts. not make us forget our spirit of neighborliness and brotherhood in winter and in summer!” Said chief Osman of Kutulo Mandera.

Connecting youth through sport: APD continue to support at risk you in this zone, by providing opportunities for them to more meaningfully and positive interactive. A sports tournament was held between Diff Kenya and Diff Somalia It involved four teams, two teams from each town and was attended by security officials. Local representatives of KFF (Kenya Football Federation) supervised the matches. During the trophy awarding ceremony, the youth were urged against joining extremist groups, to be proactive in promoting peace and cooperation among them.

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The activities in this zone indicate:

The importance of social cohesion in addressing common threats: This was noted in both the dialogues using this quarter that recognized the potential of shocks and stressors such as drought, AS attacks, and elections in rocking progress made in relations. In many cases, they also highlight the importance of working together to build collective resilience to these threats, and the challenges that either community can face If they are not working together.

Zone 3: The dawn-to-dusk curfew affects most of the towns in the zone and has been extended to 27th June 2017 which was not received well by the community. The latest extension happened as Muslims are preparing for the holy month of Ramadhan that requires unrestricted movements and participation in congregation. The community is appealing to the government to develop a friendlier framework.

In Mandera County, political competition is pitting a group aligned to the current governor of Mandera county against another who were endorsed by Council of Elders to unseat the current governor. The decision by CoEs to replace all current political leaders was resisted by the current leadership, and creating division within the Gare. Mistrust is building within and among the different ethnic groups as every party is looking to alliance-building in a bid to secure political supremacy come August.

Work in this zone focuses heavily on CVE, with youth to build their resilience to radicalization. It also focuses on improved engagement between cross border communities and government to enhance information sharing and collaboration on security.

Engaging religious leaders in mentoring youth against radizalization. FoAID and WCC convened a meeting in El Wak Kenya, for religious leaders, government officials and teachers from 2 schools in Kenya (Primary and Secondary) and a primary school in Somalia. This was an opportunity for the religious leaders to revisit their CVE training Takaba, and to give the teachers and government some background on the role of religious narratives in CVE. From these discussions teachers were provided with the methodologies to apply in disseminating information and were asked to integrate topics on CVE and de-radicalization in their normal school curriculum. The religious leaders have maintained contact with the school teachers to identify any student suspected to be vulnerable so that they may be mentored by the religious leaders.

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Requests were made by the teachers for more specific training on CVE, and for a heavy focus on the Madrasa. All this work is reducing the fear of discussing CVE and changing the mindset of the government towards religious leaders.

DLMC also facilitated training of religious leaders from We as religious leaders have and Sathe in CVE in Rhamu. This training was provided by the forgotten our mandate and focused Mandera Chapter of BRAVE, and brought together leaders who on clan issues. (Religious Leader are traditionally divided along clan lines and infrequently engage. Rhamu) The religious leaders agreed to focus more on propagating unity, tolerance and forgiveness amongst the cross-border communities and gear all their eyes on CVE in the region. One key approach they will use will be the Friday lecture by all the Mosque Imams in their respective mosques to deliver messaging against violent extremism.

The leader agreed to open a cross-border religious leaders’ office in Rhamu where they will meet twice every week to discuss current issues affecting the community and give direction. The religious leaders will network within themselves and with other FBOs including Mandera Muslim Mediation Council (MMC) on religious teachings and disseminate the correct position of Islamic religion on matters related to extremism.

MPDC facilitated a youth mentorship activity as a follow-on to previous training for ‘at-risk’ youth on CVE, and entrepreneurship. This mentorship event was run by religious leaders engaged with PEACE III from Beled Hawa and Mandera and focused on spiritual mentorship.

With support from trained local religious leaders and the BRAVE network, DLMC organized the formation of school peace clubs and training on the danger of radicalization in four schools (3 secondary and 1 primary) in Rhamu. After this formation and training on CVE, the peace clubs developed their own work plan on how they can sensitize other students and create awareness on Peace Club members from Rhamu Day Mixed Secondary School VE in the schools and their homes. On 29th March 2017 students from Sheikh Ali High School initiated a preaching on the danger of VE in their school and agreed to conduct similar preaching during all Monday morning assemblies. The club members also visited Mandera for experience sharing and will continuously be mentored by religious leaders through lectures which will also include conflict prevention.

Facilitating positive engagement for youth. As a strategy to improve coordination and information sharing among cross border youth MDPC established a cross border youth network to aid trust building and information sharing and to enable collective engagement with the local administration. This provides a platform for exchange of ideas on the threats of radicalization and drugs abuse that affect them. The forum attracted the

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attention of local authorities from both Mandera and Beled Hawa who are eager to promote community members working with them to improve local security.

After the forum, it was unanimously agreed to organize for the monthly outreach to track the progress of youth de-radicalization. The East Sub County Assistant commissioner, Mr. Kuria promised that his office will provide support to those youths who have attained C- and above in their form four examinations results and have admission in to colleges or universities to submit their applications to his office for bursary allocations.

These actions indicate: Importance of religious leaders in CVE. Work in this zone continues to show the important role that religious leaders play in tackling VE. Religious Leaders continue to exert significant influence within their communities and are seen as key mentors and guides. Not only this but those engaged in the program have shown real motivation and commitment to take forward the new information and skills given to them and use them in their everyday activities.

How youth can run with an idea if given motivation and hope. Youth in this cluster are also of great importance. Not only are they extremely vulnerable but they also have great energy and motivation, if provided with new ideas and opportunities, and with belief in their potential as agents of change. See text box below.

Northern Youth for Peace Group (See Annex for more detail)

What we did for them? PEACE III program through its local partner in Rhamu corridor DLMC targeted youth from Rhamu and its neighboring villages and trained them on CPMR, CVE and entrepreneurship to help them understand the different manifestation of violence, how they can intervene and transform this violence within their communities.

What they did for themselves? Because of understanding their role as agents of change and stability in their communities these youth beneficiaries organized themselves and formed Northern Youth for Peace group which comprises of 15 potential youth leaders and members drawn from the Degodia and Gare clans that live in Mandera North constituency. Their main motivation of forming this group was to apply the skills they acquired from the PEACEIII interventions in helping their communities live a peaceful life in this electioneering period through preventing and managing conflicts and advocating for the concerns of youth segment in their society.

What they are doing for their community? These youth took ownership of stability and peaceful co-existence between their respective clans through influencing and advocating against issues that can cause conflicts. They engaging in initiatives to prevent and manage conflicts that can be caused by the elections and campaigns by preaching peace in Rhamu town, and creating awareness on the campaigns and incitement from the politicians that can cause conflicts in their communities. They are also sensitizing their communities through their community leaders such as the elders on their civic responsibilities in

this electioneering period such as peaceful registration and transfer of voters as well as asking the different political aspirants to conduct peaceful campaigns in the towns. The youth are closely working with the security agencies in the constituency to give information and warnings that can help them prevent violence.

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Zone 4: Election fever is the main issue in Zone 4, with in campaign mode. No single community can win the top seats on their own so politicians attempt to woo voters to their camps. In 2013 REGABU was formed and won almost all the major elective posts, excluding the majority Boranas. Ever since it has endured enormous political storms and fallouts. New alliances are forming that may this time see the Gabra excluded. Despite campaign trails the county was generally peaceful during the quarter but having been marred by ethnic conflicts emanating from political differences in the past, the emergence of new conflicts cannot be totally ruled-out ahead of 2017 polls.

Work in this zone by PEACE III partners focuses on maintaining relations between communities and supporting the mechanisms that will sustain peaceful coexistence

Sustaining peace through supporting governance mechanisms. For several years now, the Dukana – Makona Declaration has served as a binding document to maintain peace and stability among the Gabra and Borana community. Elders from both communities requested for a review of the declaration to support its implementation and address any shortfalls. This event took place from 30-31st January in , Ethiopia, with participants drawn from local community structures, civil society organizations, county and national government, CEWERUs, and zonal and regional government both from Kenya and Ethiopia.

Through constructive deliberation the participants were able to identify what has worked and what has not from the current agreement including some contentious clauses. These deliberations and recommendations for improvement will now be taken to the clan’s traditional leaders: the Borana’s Aba Gada and the Gabra’s Yaa for endorsement.

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Mama Hawa gives her contribution during the discussion on the Dukana –Maikona Declaration

Beneficiaries’ feedback from Qadaduma water pan: PEACE III organized an assessment of the joint utilization and access of Qadaduma Water Pan in the quarter. The process served to also establish feedback from the communities who have been utilizing the pan and analyze the impact of the project both with regards to relationships and peace, but also possible benefits to community resilience. Many impacts were noted, both in terms of relationships and peace connectors between the Ajuran and the Gare, but also in terms of resilience and livelihoods through access to water, but also the establishment of other livelihoods around site and because of improved relations. (See Annex for more detail)

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As a result of these actions it is clear that:

Agreements that govern relations, and provide collective benefit particularly around the sharing of resources help sustain peace and relations: This is evident from the Dukana-Maikona Declaration that maps out ways in which resource sharing will be agreed as well as punitive measures, as well as the Quadaduma pan which has created bonds of mutual benefit that resonate between these groups well beyond the pans locality.

Zone 5: In the previous quarter a serious escalation of conflict was reported in this zone resulting from the murder of an elder in July 2016. This was following by intense accusations on both sides, which continued into this quarter and limited contact between local governments. PEACE III changed its approach and focused on indirect talks and engaging non-aligned groups like women and youth and due to this tension has been de-escalated to lower levels and towards the end of this quarter contacts between the local governments took place. PDC and SAPCONE played a significant role in acting as medium of communication. Fisher folk committees, supported by PDC and SAPCONE, have also played a big role in keeping the fishing communities out of the escalation.

The area experienced severe drought that resulted in migrations to Turkana region and the loss of livestock. Paradoxically, the drought may also be contributing to relative calmness as the Dassenach desperately bend, in order to access pasture and water. However past grievances and unresolved issues still pose a threat to peace and the project will work rigorously to encourage talks on compensation/justice mechanisms as contained in Oct 2016 Arbaminch resolutions.

PEACE III approach in this zone was to sustain the de-escalation, establish communication links between parties and implement tactical activities aimed at confidence building and exert indirect pressure on the governments to talk. PEACE III partners undertook a series of activities including:

Refresher training of the Fish Folk committees: SAPCONE/PDC conducted the training for 30 fish folk committee members on conflict management, early warning and response and to appreciate their role in keeping the lake region peaceful. The committees were also empowered and trained on their roles as peace ambassadors at the lake zone. They play key roles in managing the fishing gear thefts, recovery of the livestock and management of the lake resources. Women-led dialogues: As stated earlier, PEACE III supported women to conduct both internal and cross border dialogues aimed at enhancing the role of women in peace, de-escalating tensions and presenting the Kitale resolutions. PDC and SAPCONE supported both Turkana, Nyangatom and Dassenach women leaders

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to lead the dialogues in Kangaten, Omorate (Ethiopia) and Todonyang (Kenya). Overall 158 women attended these dialogues. All were led by women who participated in the Kitale regional women forum. During the meetings, the women decided to take the lead in peace and reconciliation, recognizing that many others have tried, and noting that women are the most affected. Chiefs Forum: This quarter, PEACE III scaled up the chief’s forum initiative to zone 5 along Lake Turkana and South Omo region. This is in response to the Arbaminch resolutions, and the recognition that the Chiefs play an important role in connecting communities with these high-level decision and decision makers. A preliminary meeting was held in Omorate and attended by chiefs from Kenya and Ethiopia to discuss the idea of chief’s forum, its role and composition. In total 14 chiefs attended from Turkana, Dassenach and Nyangatom, as well as the Head of Security and local administrators. This is significant as it is the first time these chiefs at lower levels get an opportunity to meet. It is expected to increase EWER in zone 5. One of the resolutions from the first meeting was to trace the families who are affected by the drought. As a result of these actions: Lower level local government contacts between Kenya and Ethiopia have improved: Both security and local governments on both sides have started direct communication and are cooperating on planning activities, exchanging activities.

Women are active in cross border peace work and influencing local governments to act: The Kitale resolutions have ignited women to be active and are now demanding local governments to talk and end the tension in zone 5. After conducting internal dialogues in Kokuro, Todonyang (Turkana) and Omorate and Kangaten in Ethiopia, women embarked on cross border campaigns that are pushing local governments to act in support.

Zone 6: There is increased arms flow in this corridor as reported by pastoralists moving into Uganda from Kenya and South Sudan. This has caused some tension among unarmed communities on the side of Uganda around key resources In Loyoro, where PEACE III facilitated a resource-sharing agreement, the communities continue to cooperate and in this quarter, the committee met together with local government and PEACE III to discuss the achievements and constraints. The Turkana leadership also visited their people in Kaabong-Uganda to sensitize them on peace and on disarming before entering Uganda but some of the visits were political visits in preparations for the oncoming nominations and elections.

The killing of a famous Turkana livestock trader called Timan by Toposa youth warriors in March, may lead to revenge if the two antagonistic sides are not mediated

The South Sudanese Pound has significantly depreciated and has affected cross border trade especially the Nadapal market where the cross-border trade association is working to bring together two communities to promote economic cooperation

PEACE III approach in this zone is to facilitate dialogues for resources sharing, supporting cross border trade, greater engagement of women in peace building and; strengthening government relations. PEACE III partners KDI, APAD, DADO and Mercy Corps implemented the following activities:

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Cross border dialogues: KDI and APaD jointly supported a cross border women event that was attended by 67 people (45 women and 22 men) in Narus, South Sudan between March 7 and 9 2017. This activity was led by women from the Kitale meeting and the respective local governments. In the meeting, women leaders communicated outcomes of the Kitale forum and committed to promote peace. One of the participants said “for example, in our communities of Turkana and Toposa women are known to serve as first-line diplomats, conveying messages between clans to settle disputes, since they have greater freedom of movement between the groups, partly due to intermarriage” highlighting the role played by women in peace building. They agreed to maintain communication, establishment of women welfare groups and women trading center at the Nadapal border point. DADO supported women from Kaabong who attended the Kitale forum to commemorate women’s day. The event was held at Kathile sub county, Kaabong district on 8th March 2017 and involved around 500 women. The objective of this event was to disseminate the Kitale statement to the whole community of Kaabong district.

DADO also supported two community dialogues at Usake (March 15) and Lodwar (March 22) of Kaabong district with 536 members of the Toposa and Turkana respectively. The two areas have been characterized by tension due to recent migrations of pastoralists from South Sudan and Kenya in search of pasture and water. Both meetings aimed at discussing resource sharing, repatriation of remaining warriors in South Sudan, reopening of 3 markets namely Pire, Kamion and Usake, deployment of police outposts in identified areas, communication masts etc. one specific action point in Lodwar meeting was the entry into Uganda with illegal arms that is not permitted.

Facilitated establishment of Cross-border Livestock Marketing Association Committee. This meeting was supported by APaD and KDI in Lokichoggio on March 30-31 2017 and was attended by 50 participants from Kenya and South Sudan. Participants included officials from trade and commerce ministries and revenue authorities from the two countries. An association of cross border traders was formed and a management committee elected, comprising of the Turkana and Toposa traders to put in places systems that govern the market. The committee role would be to oversee, organize and manage engagement of traders’ groups to promote local cross border trade, peaceful relationship and interaction among the traders and the respective communities.

This work forms part of PEACE III’s investment in trade as a connector, and in Nadapal livestock market, in particular. This is strategic market, serving both Turkana and Toposa which now reopened, allows cross border communities to trade livestock and other goods.

Celebrating the value of culture as a driver of peace. APaD and KDI supported the Moru Nayeche cultural event between Kenya, Uganda and South Sudan on the 25th to 27th of January, 2017 at Letea Ward. The event celebrated the communities’ culture for lasting peace and identity as well as advocating for sustainable and lasting cross border peaceful co-existence in Karamoja Cluster. The cultural festival also promoted peaceful sharing of pasture and water between and across the border conflicting communities.

Strengthening local peace structures: KDI facilitated refresher training for the Local Peace Committee who were formally formed and trained by KDI at the first phase of PEACE III 2015. The aim was to energize and strengthen the capacity of the peace committee to enable them to facilitate the processes of joint problem

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solving at community levels and restore a sense of community oneness through violence reduction, dialogue and local reconciliations exercises. The training took place at Catholic Diocese of Torit in Narus and was attended by 28 members. The committees came up with a plan of action that will guide their activities in the months to come. It includes cross border committee meeting with Turkana West peace committee, kraal visits along the borders and peace campaigns.

As a result of these actions and those that have come before this the program is seeing so significant impacts in this zone:

Repatriation from South Sudan of “General” Nakotorunyang. This is a significant achievement and a big return on peace investment. PEACE III has made in Kaabong Peace Ambassadors. PEACE III supported a series of dialogues between the Kaabong and South Sudan in which both sides committed to track and repatriate Nakotorunyang. He was intercepted and arrested and returned to Kaabong this quarter. This is significant because first it inflicts a big blow on the remaining warriors and paves a way for their repatriation and the end of the long incursions into Uganda from South Sudan. Secondly it demonstrates how PEACE III could bring together the local governments and strengthen their cross-border collaboration leading to a breakthrough on a seemingly intractable problem. 2

General Nakotorunyang (left) with the RDC of Kaabong in one of the community meetings

Impact of Loyoro Resource Sharing agreement: Mercy Corps and DADO held consultations this quarter with the committee that oversees the implementation of the agreement between Turkana and Dodoth of Kenya and Uganda in Loyoro to offer support and sustain the peace in the area. Two outcomes were identified: a) Loyoro remains a relatively stable island: The nearby communities of Kamion, Timu, Usake have been conflicting over water and pasture due to prolonged drought. The two communities in Loyoro have largely remained peaceful and sharing meagre resources. b) Development of a cross border market in Loyoro bush: the program found that as a result of this prevailing peace a big cross border and informal market has developed. Hundreds of livestock, food

2 At the launch of PEACE III, the local government in Kaabong asked the program to prioritize Kaabong Warriors. The district had no idea of what to do with them. Despite having given them start up kits, their relations with communities they sinned against remained a challenge and their livelihoods were at stake. There was a big risk of the warriors returning to South Sudan where they had just returned from. PEACE III took them up and invested heavily in their organization, linkages to livelihood projects, trauma healing etc. PEACE III continued to support dialogues between Kaabong and South Sudan governments about the capture and return of their overall leader-Nakotorunyang. A series of planning supported by PEACE III have paid off. General Nakotorunyang was apprehended and repatriated to Uganda this quarter.

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stuffs, etc. are being sold under trees. Most of the items come from Kaabong and are sold to the Turkana. In return the Turkana sell livestock to people from Kaabong. Women are the majority sellers and reported some operational issues that affect them which PEACE III through the women forum mechanisms plans to support.

Kaabong Peace Ambassadors VSLA savings grow to more than 10 times: DADO and Mercy Corps also carried out reviews on the Trauma healing work carried out to date. The Peace Ambassadors shared that their savings that had swollen over 10 times. When PEACE III supported them to form a VSLA less than two years ago, they started saving small amounts of less than 100 hundred dollars and as of this quarter when they divided the savings, the amount had swollen to 1,200 USD. This amount doesn’t include the amounts borrowed by members. This demonstrates how important integrated approaches, along with self-initiated ideas to changing the lives of individuals.

Zone 7 & 8: The major cause of tension in this quarter occurred when the Ugandan Army issued a directive to flush out the armed Turkana pastoralists from the grazing areas of Moroto and Kaabong. This directive was exaggerated by media and caused panic among the Kenyan pastoralists. PEACE III was able to engage the two sides and this threat has since then diminished. The two sides have since met to dialogue over the issues to allow the communities to graze without fire arms in the grazing areas.

Due to pressure from the Turkana and Pokots from Kenya, the Karamajong have ventured into the eastern territory of Teso region and to the southern area of Sabiny people. This caused tension due to pressure exerted by the Karamajong and prompted the government to respond by encouraging sharing of resources.

Also, this this period there was evidence of suspicion and mistrust between the Matheniko, Turkana and Jie pastoralists sharing the same grazing grounds and watering points at Kobebe. A total of 38 livestock were lost following the misunderstanding through thefts at the watering point with two people killed. PEACE III has embarked on facilitating a formal resource-sharing agreement around Kobebe water dam.

The Kotaruk-Kalapata corridor (Pokot and Turkana) has been relatively calm; this can be attributed to the efforts of the chiefs from Pokot North and their counterparts from Loima who have continued to sensitize the communities through their forum in addition to organizing and facilitating community led initiatives in peace building. The inclusion of the Tepeth in the peace dialogues and the willingness of their leadership to support peace initiatives and the intermarriages between the Turkana and the Tepeth have also contributed to the relative calm along the Lobei-Lorengkipi-Nawoyapong corridor.

This quarter, a Mercy Corps car was shot and one staff injured in areas around Kainuk. Although not a PEACE III area, what happens in this region affects the entire zone 7 and 8.

PEACE III works to strengthen the gains from previous work in areas of government relations, cross border trade, women and youth, and resource sharing.

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Showcasing Sports for Peace: Tegla Loroupe Peace Foundation (TLPF) in conjunction with APaD, MADEFO, AIDI, SIKOM, Nenah FM and MC, organized a Peace Race in Moroto- Uganda on the 3-4th February 2017. The activity brought together over 1400 people from the region. The Chief Guest was Hon. Moses Kisige, the Minister for State for Karamoja Affairs, in the Office of the Prime Minster. Other guests were Hon. Andrew Napaja - LC5 Chairman, Moroto District, Hon Peter Ken Lochap - RDC Moroto, Hon. Helen Pulkol – Deputy RDC, the Director for Peace, Mr. Rayson Apakamoi among others. It targeted reformed warriors both women and men who run two KM and 10 KM respectively. Amb. Tegla Loroupe, Reformed warriors Peter Lopeta and Peter Kachipa lead other participants in the peace walk prior the peace race. The event gave communities an opportunity to interact, and engage in healthy competition. It also gave the leaders an opportunity to address issues of peace, security and development in the region. Leaders directed their peace messages to the communities while appealing to the governments to support peace and development agencies in the efforts towards sustainable peace in the region.

Convening community dialogues: APaD, MADEFO and Nenah FM in conjunction with Diocese of Lodwar Justice and Peace Department jointly conducted a cross border peace dialogue on 12th-13th January 2017 at Kokulokit water point in Tapac Sub-County of Uganda. It created an opportunity for the Turkana, Tepeth and Matheniko communities to discuss resource sharing, to build trust and improve communication. This meeting was held in response to the concerns raised about the Turkana communities grazing in areas of Kobebe, Naput, Nakiloro and Kokulokit in Uganda. It was attended by 161 people. A similar meeting also took place in Tapac and was attended by 125 people on February 13 2017.

Peace Radio: Nenah FM documented and aired women and youth-led outreach campaigns that expose the cost of engaging in violence. Women who participated in the Kitale and community level women forum and Gender focal point persons from PEACE III partners were invited as guests during the one hour live radio show to respond to community listeners. In this episode, the focus of the drama was women’s informal influence in peace building, which was portrayed in the story of Nakiru (a fictional character in the play) who used her power to stop an impending raid.

Nenah FM also ran three spot massages voiced by four members of women’s forum namely; Hon Rose Adero (Moroto district speaker), Hon Helen Pulukol (Deputy RDC Moroto), Miss Dinah Lorika (Former District Education Officer, Moroto) and Lucy Akol (a peace activist and member of the women’s forum). The spot messages were meant to mobilize women to participate in peace building and to advocate for more representation of women in peace meetings. They were aired in English and ngakarimojong languages

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These activities have indicated the following:

Increased interest of local government to engage in peace: Many of the activities conducted this quarter were in partnership with local government. There is an increased understanding between the Ugandan and Kenyan governments that they need to work together to maintain peaceful relations. The Uganda local government is keen to ensure its Kenyan counterparts take responsibility for their people in Uganda. The Tapac dialogue resolved that the Kenyan Ministry of Pastoral Economy would support a mass cross border vaccination of livestock, in recognition that many Kenyan pastoralists live in Uganda. This took place at Loringkipi, and extended across the border to Turkana, Tepeth and Dodoth communities in Uganda.

Uganda Government’s engagement with PEACE III: In this quarter, the Minister of State for Karamoja affairs was invited and attended a PEACE III organized sports for peace event in Moroto, Uganda. This is a significant development and recognition of our work and the relations the project has at high level. The event was organized was TLPF and other PEACE III partners and attracted high level personnel from Kenya and Uganda government.

Lessons Learned

Making space for reflection and networking: This meeting highlighted the importance of prioritizing time and resources to bring together all the different partners working on the program. It supports in developing cohesion and commitment to the wider program, in developing relationships that support co-implementation and collaboration, and helps to address issues that partners are struggling to understand or which are challenging them in the delivery of the program.

“PEACE” stories beyond numbers. PEACE III has employed innovative ways to more easily communicate processes and changes resulting from our activities. We have used photography, human interest stories, case studies and beneficiary feedback. Some of these products are almost complete and will be shared with USAID and the wider stakeholders. In the long run, we shall explore more rigorous methodologies that best articulate the complexity of peace building outcomes. Some of these methods include most significant change (MSC), storytelling, participatory video etc.

Value of partnership: this quarter has highlighted the importance of integrated programming, and the increases in impact that can be seen from combining resources and efforts. The work with K-YES demonstrated this, as did the engagement with the PREG which very clearly showcased the key role that peace building should play in building resilience. As one PREG team member noted, “Acute malnutrition associated with conflict trends”. In the discussions, it was emphasized that sequencing and layering are important if greater impact is to be made.

Breakdown in traditional justice system the main cause of cycle of revenge and fueling more conflict: Due to changes in conflict dynamics youth are no longer obeying elders as absolute wielders of power and in some instances, challenge their decisions. Also, there is disconnect between the modern justice system and the traditional one. There is also political interference in traditional justice system where some politicians protect perpetuators of violence. The net result of the above is decline in delivery of justice; fueling revenge attacks and perpetuates conflicts. A case example is in zone 5 where politicians have interfered in the traditional justice system and a perpetuator who in the previous quarter killed an elder has until now not been brought to justice. PEACE III will thus prioritize the traditional justice system to address this issue starting with review of Nabilatuk resolutions-a system of compensation developed in Karamoja region in 2013

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Chiefs Forum: PEACE III conducted a reflection workshop with the Chiefs Forum to assess progress of their work and learn lessons before scale up to zone 6 and 5. In the reflection, PEACE learnt that the existence of this cross-border forum has impacted the cross border early warning and response mechanism. Here are key areas worth mentioning namely a) without a cross border program like PEACE III, this forum would never have happened b) increased networking across the border, sharing of information early warning information, preventing conflicts to erupt, de-escalation, incidences etc. c) joint response to incidences has increased-joint tracking of stolen animals, negotiation for recovery and return of animals, joint action on roomers through joint community meetings d) jointly advocating for action: the Chiefs in Loima, North Pokot, Amudat, Moroto etc. raise issues of cross border security together in one voice. For example, deployment of security forces, infrastructure development along the border e) learning and scale up: has expressed interest in replicating this initiative boost EWER. PEACE III is supporting scale up in Lake Turkana/South Omo region and Loki/Kapoeta corridor.

III. ACTIVITY PROGRESS (QUANTITATIVE IMPACT)

See Annex

IV. CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

Drought Shock: The drought situation is testing some of the progress made in relationships between communities. The severity of this drought episode, in particular makes it very difficult to engage communities in trainings, or dialogues and yet maintaining relationship and freedom of movement is critical. The program is also aware that risk of conflict also often escalates as the rains come, sporadically and with spatial variation, and is on alert to engage communities and government to avoid this.

Elections: Kenya is expected to hold its general elections in few months’ time with all the communities positioning themselves to win. Winning involves strategizing with some of the larger communities trying to share all positions and lock out other communities through strategies like “negotiated democracy”. Such efforts have the potential to lead to conflict as was evidenced by the elections-related conflict in Moyale and Rhamu after the 2013 elections.

Communication challenges: The communication network has completely cut off in some areas of Somali cluster, including Hulugho and Kolbio following Al-Shabaab attacks on the Safaricom masts. This has affected normal operation in Hulugho area particularly the program activity which required communication and consultation with local government and local communities.

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Lack of uncertainty on funding: The program was faced major uncertainty on future funding from USAID. Major programmatic decisions could not be made due to the uncertainty, and many opportunities were put on hold.

South Sudan: The lack of clear direction on implementing with the South Sudanese government from USAID and the inability to source exemption from these restrictions continues to challenge the program. The South Sudanese government seeks active engagement with the program in part because so few actors work in this sector in that context. Excluding them from action is challenging.

Arms flow in the KC cluster: There are reports of increased arms flow in the cluster and this is likely to increase insecurity and escalate the conflict. The UPDF 3rd Division commander in Karamoja, Brig Dick Olum in a recent interview expressed fear over suspected rearmament in the sub-region. Speaking at a cross border peace meeting between the Turkana and Karimojong pastoralists in Moroto District, Brig Olum said the threats follow a surge in the number of illegal guns the army is collecting from locals compared to the previous years. PEACE III is working with local and national governments to deal with warriors responsible for ferrying arms and is also facilitating resource sharing agreements in the cluster.

V. PERFORMANCE MONITORING

Now that the program has been implementing for 2 years, Pact has been focusing more on the outcomes of its work and carrying out beneficiary feedback processes with local communities, institutions and government, during and around partner events. These have garnered important insights into what is working in the program, what they would like to change and what some of the most significant impacts are. During the quarter a team visited the site of the Quf Dika water pan, developed last year, to understand better the impacts of this peace dividend on both relationships and livelihoods.

With support from the Mercy Corps office in DC, interns from the New York State University were brought on board to generate stories of change and success from the program’s implementation in the Karamoja. These case studies focus on 1) youth programming, 2) the value of trauma healing, and 3) the importance of NRM agreements to resilience and peace building. The final version of these is expected during the next quarter.

Despite the progress in this area, program continues to struggle from the lack of Communications Officer dedicated to gathering information on impact and change. A recruitment for this position failed during the previous quarter and was subsequently put on hold due to funding constraints. As such the program is limited in its abilities to gather these stories. This is particularly the case as the program is delivered through 21 partners who themselves struggle to understand and value the importance of documenting not just what they do, but what this achieves. There are however good improvements in partner reports and this can be largely attributed to deliberate PEACE III program and MERL support that focused on proper planning preceded by a reflective process.

During the quarter, numerous meetings were held with IBTCI and GRI to discuss the final methodology and timelines for the IBTCI Climate Change and Conflict research. In addition to this the GRI team were supported by PEACE III partners in mobilizing local enumerators and delivering training to them on the KII and FGD methodology. GRI experienced challenges with identifying appropriate enumerators and accessing communities, particularly in Ethiopia given the sensitivities around conflict programming. As such the program

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continues to lend support to this effort in the hopes of generating evidence of programmatic impact with regards to climate adaptation.

Throughout the quarter, MERL technology team continued to provide partner needed support to mobile data collection issues - both onsite and remote. We still have a few challenges with partners from the Karamoja side as highlighted during the PEACE III reflection meeting. Partners who had equipment budgets were supported to procure high quality Nikon cameras for use in documenting their program activities. Pact received used computers from the closed DAI-TIS program which were all allocated and issued to partner organizations. Following these assets handover, the team has planned to train partner’s staff on photography for development in the next quarter.

The team created an online collaboration page for the program on the Pact intranet (Mosaic) site and structured this for use in sharing program templates, work plans, and photos. In addition, one of the important tool launched and used interactively on the page is the partner tracking tool where program officers can access from anywhere so as to continuously monitor partner activities. Upon stress testing the page, the team decided to continue using Google’s cloud photo library to host all program related photos.

VI. PROGRESS ON GENDER STRATEGY

Since the development of the program’s Gender Strategy in 2016 activities have been ongoing in support of its implementation. In the Karamoja cluster the women’s forums have led to greater networking amongst local women, and key women leaders taking charge, running peace processes and lobbying for change. One example of this is in zone 5 where women from the Dassenach and Turkana communities have hosted each other, and dialogued on peace between their communities. These efforts were initiated by women who attended the Kitale Women’s Forum, and who recognized the key role that women could play in managing relationships in this zone. Women from both communities took on this mantle and have been lobbying their governments for support.

In the Somali cluster the program works closely with 3 women’s organizations who support women’s needs and representation. During this quarter plans have been made to replicate the Kitale forum, bring in women who have already engaged in PEACE II and III to talk about progress made, challenges and emerging threats.

VII. PROGRESS ON ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION AND MONITORING n/a

VIII. PROGRESS ON LINKS TO OTHER USAID PROGRAMS

The Chief of Party attended a CVE coordination meeting organized by NIWETU. This coordination mechanism is attended by others working on CVE, namely ACT, RUSI, DDG , WASAFIRI and DAI. The meeting provides a good opportunity to discuss common approaches, learning and plans for future implementation to support coordination. Since these meetings the Pact team in Garissa have agreed to host the

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NIWETU team member based in Garissa in our offices. This will further the opportunities for coordination at the county level.

The PEACE III team in Garissa also connected with the K-YES team for support in working with vulnerable youth populations. Due to this the K-YES team were able to provide access to their materials and facilitators to support our partner training of ‘at-risk’ youth in Hulugho. Those trained, and showing motivation will be incorporated into the K-YES cohort for access to further economic empowerment support.

PEACE III was part of the USAID PREG teams that met in Turkana County that focused on the learnings around nutrition and peace. PEACE III and its sister project PEARL fielded a panel that shared experiences, learnings from a peace building perspective in Karamoja Cluster. Also, PEACE III hosted a VIP team led by the US Ambassador to Kenya and shared its experiences on cross border EWER through the Chiefs Form initiative, how this forum is being replicated across the cluster. Greater collaboration between PEACE III and PEARL in information sharing and planning of joint activities as evidenced during the PREG and VIP visits to the Turkana

IX. PROGRESS ON LINKS WITH GOVERNMENT AGENCIES

PEACE III implements cross border activities contained in resolutions agreed between various local and national governments. Rarely does PEACE III conduct activities on its own without the involvement of governments. This quarter, the program received various and high level support requests from local and national governments including CEWERUs from Uganda, Kenya, and Ethiopia. For example, PEACE III supported high level visits between Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda CEWERU where the Ethiopian CEWERU visited Uganda and Kenya to learn best practices on EWER; also, Turkana County Government requested PEACE III to support development of a community policing policy. In KC PEACE III received a request for support from the Ugandan CEWERU to review the Nabilatuk Resolutions and finalization of peace policy; PEACE III supported the Kaabong district to repatriate one of the notorious warrior from South Sudan who has been the overall commander of the Dodoth (Uganda) warriors hiding in South Sudan. In the Somali cluster the program continued to coordinate with local authorities. In zone 1 significant support was given to the Lamu County in its CVE work. In Mandera the Deputy County Commissioner appreciated the program for organizing inter-district authority meetings to help improve collaboration, networking and information sharing. This meeting is continuing despite the effects of prolonged drought.

During this quarter the Chief of Party and Pact’s Country Director hosted a visit from Mr. Ali Gooni the Lowe Juba Governor. Mr. Gooni is a good friend of the program, with strong links to our partner APD. He raised concerns about the extent to which PEACE III program can support the immediate humanitarian needs to the population in Lower Juba and appealed to us to work with him to find solutions. Whilst the program is unable to provide immediate humanitarian support, links were made to other USAID programs such as TIS+ as well as OFDA. Discussions also centered around the importance of the program supporting recovery efforts, that promote peaceful sharing of resources and conflict sensitive development.

The Deputy Chief of Party and the Senior Program manager also visited Mogadishu and Kismayo in Somalia in January. Discussions in Kismayo were held with senior elders and ministers from clan’s involvement in the Deg’athey conflict to determine possible follow up interventions to resolve this issue. This is in response to requests from Governor Gooni for continued support. Advice received was to wait until after the elections, and until significant progress in securing the area against AS was received.

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In Mogadishu briefs were made to the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Interior and Federal Affairs on the program and its progress and discussions held with the Somalia CEWERU. Requests from the CEWERU were to strengthen the CEWERU at national level, and down to the districts, with a focus on: reorganizing and strengthening peace committees, and in improving the input of information into the national situational room. These requests were followed up by the CEWERU Liaison officer at CEWARN. Unfortunately, the program has not been able to respond to these due to the funding constraints.

X. PROGRESS ON USAID FORWARD

The program continues to work hard on building the capacity of the local partners within the program, through ongoing coaching and mentoring, capacity trainings and networking opportunities. During this quarters reflection meeting, significant progress was made in helping partners understand the importance of strategic planning, and mapping our processes of change. Since then significant improvements were seen in the workplans presented by the partners in terms of strategic vision and implementation.

Given the funding restrictions in the program it is uncertain as to whether all or some of these partners will continue to work on PEACE III. Whilst this is unfortunate, many partners have seen quite significant improvements in their institutional capacities during the partnership, and thus are now the recipients of other funds from a range of donors. This will in some cases allow their efforts to continue.

XI. SUSTAINABILITY AND EXIT STRATEGY

The program continues to work closely with institutions at the community level, local government and the national policy levels, as well as in partnership with the CEWARN mechanism. All our work at the local levels involves government, whether it be by responding to their support requests, promoting networking and collaboration across borders or building their capacities. This focus on institutions ensures that through the delivery of the program the systems, structures and mechanisms that will continue to prevent, and manage conflicts peacefully, and build the resilience of communities to VE are built and strengthened.

Where approaches are successful the program supports learning, reflecting and lobbying processes where governments can assess value and allocate resources to maintaining or replicating these models. Examples of this include the Chief’s Forum in Karamoja which has sparked interest from the Turkana County government.

Premature closure of PEACE III will have a serious dent on the continuity of these processes and may affect the gains realized over time.

XIII. SUBSEQUENT QUARTER’S WORK PLAN

Activity April May June Program Wide Local government to review peace committee status, function, mandate High level forum for women leaders from the Somali cluster Gender training for Somali cluster partners and staff

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Implement AI workshops for selected government officials in Somali Cluster Organize youth camp for peace clubs members from Mandera and Marsabit Support to Turkana County development of policing policy Support initiatives by four Trauma Healing Pilot groups Support Uganda CEWERU in the review of Nabilatuk Peace Resolutions Support to Uganda National Peace Policy Support women in implementation of the outcomes of women forum Zone 1 Cross-border Security forum in Kiunga Training of religious leaders in countering VE narratives I Hulugho Sport and talent identification for the youth Zone 2 Training of new cross border peace committees Finalizing Gare – Degodia dialogue in Kotulu Cross border governments /Authority’s meetings Zone 3 Youth forum on elections and countering VE in Mandera Follow-up Meeting of Gare -Marehan peace dialogue in Elwak Somalia Follow-up, validation and establishment of Gare- Degodia dialogue in Rhamu Engage religious leaders to conduct roadside peace rallies, preaching in the mosques on VE Working with cross-border authorities in Rhamu area to enhance information sharing Conduct CVE training for at-risk girls in Mandera Zone 4 Validation, Approval Dissemination and commemoration of the Dukana – Maikona Declaration to culminate into approval and dissemination

Conduct joint intergovernmental authorities’ forum to discuss on Degodia-Gare conflict Conduct Cross border joint forum with the Security agents, Peace committees and Religious leaders to discuss on CVE Cross-border Peace Dialogue Forums between cross border peace committees CPMR for members of local peace committee and local government officials Zone 5 Support the fishing committees with phones to enhance the EWER capabilities Train Chiefs forum members re: peacebuilding and elections Support cross border women initiatives re: women and peace building in elections Zone 6 Celebrate the Loyolo resource agreement anniversary Train the Nadapal Market management committee Support Chiefs Forum formation Zone 7 and 8 Youth General Assembly in Reflection of Pair to Peer initiative Development of Nakonyen and Kobebe resources sharing agreement Youth and Media-Peace crusade for Listenership clubs

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Signing of Cross Border resolutions between West Pokot-Amudat and

Turkana/Moroto Meeting of board members of SIKOM and AIDI

XV. ACTIVITY ADMINISTRATION

During this quarter the Deputy Chief of Party, My Adan Haji Yussuf left the program to pursue his political career. Since this time his duties have been covered by other staff members. Discussions have been held with the AO and the AOR on replacing this position, which is currently not possible due to funding constraints. Should further funding be secured this decision will be revisited and the position filled.

Agreement Modifications and Amendments n/a

XVI. GPS INFORMATION

See Annex

ANNEXES & ATTACHMENTS (MAXIMUM 10 PAGES)

 Quantitative Data  GPS Data and Maps  Spot Messages  Trauma Healing Review report  Youth Engagement Concept  Women in Substantive role – Mama Hawa  Success Stories/Beneficiary Feedback

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