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THE HINDU CHENNAI SATURDAY, MAY 18, 2019 GROUND ZERO 9 EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE The foot soldiers of Hindutva in West Bengal As ideological barriers give way and political activists switch sides, the BJP is relying on its tried and tested ways of getting into the mainstream on the strength of a host of communal organisations. Suvojit Bagchi reports on the rise of the BJP as tensions fl are up and rumours abound in election time
n an oppressively hot day in Ba ruipur, 50 km south of Kolkata, Oin South 24 Parganas district, Swarup Dutta sits in a shop crammed with stabilisers and inverters. He slowly sips his morning tea while chatting with three middleaged men. Outside, ban ners of the Trinamool Congress show ing the grim visage of Chief Minister Ma mata Banerjee are erected. But that doesn’t refl ect the political leanings of the four men inside. Dutta is one of the founders of the Hindu Jagran Manch, an organisation affi liated to the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP), in Baruipur. The Hindu Jagran Manch, according to its website, aims to “enable social harmo ny and Hindu unity, propagate in public interest Hindu myths, and rehabilitate the victims of love jihad,” among other things. The four men discuss the ongoing general election, which has been marred by violence in West Bengal. Much has changed in the eastern State in just a decade. The West Bengal polit ical landscape underwent a transforma tion in 2011 when the Trinamool rode to power, bringing to an end the Left Front’s 34year rule. Eight years from then, the contest is not between the Tri namool and the Left, or even the Trina mool and the Congress. A new national player is making inroads everywhere. The Bharatiya Janata Party’s steady rise is not necessarily because of the party’s activities; it is supported by a host of or ganisations in West Bengal and has deep coff ers. Established over the last three decades, these organisations have mul tiplied since the Trinamool came to power. Their rise has forced the Trina mool to change its election strategy and adapt to the new challenge in ways dic tated by its competitor. This is a story of the work done by some of the agencies that lend their support to the BJP.
Jumping ship Samir Naskar, 40, who has dropped in for a chat, is a member of the Hindu Ja gran Manch, which is still unregistered here. He is a former member of the So ”The Trinamool’s bigger challenge beyond May 23 will be Hindutva outfi ts which are not clearly visible on ground, unlike the BJP. “ A religious procession marking the Ram Navami festival in Siliguri in April, 2019. narpur Zonal Committee and Panchayat (Below): An Ekal Vidyalaya in a tiny hamlet, Kalitala, in the Habibpur developmental block of Malda district, West Bengal. * AFP/ SUBHAM DUTTA of the Communist Party of India (Mar xist). Now, he is a committed foot sol dier of the BJP. change, we began noticing how the mi But the Trinamool could also turn <> We [Trinamool] do not have of the campus which has a Ram Mandir, “What to do? Dilipda wanted me,” he norities were growing from strength to this into an advantage, he says. “An im cadres who are informed and a goshala, a computertraining school explains. “Dilipda” is the BJP State pre strength. The majority community was portant characteristic of Mamata is that educated to monitor the Sangh and various skill development pro sident Dilip Ghosh, who was particular complaining and the BJP was failing to she is a quick learner. Not having a Parivar. They [Hindutva grammes to impart training to courier ly keen on roping in Naskar because of take advantage of the situation,” he strong ideology helps her to continu organisations] are operating at boys or automobile mechanics. But the his ability to manage elections. Naskar says. “We decided then to act and began ously improvise. This is a kind of jugaad many levels. real success story is the 85,000 Ekal says he switched recently from the Hin promoting Ram Navami to engage the in the world of politics.” But while the schools in India. “Bengal has about Moazzem Hossain du Jagran Manch to the BJP. The reason youth.” Trinamool “adapts”, there is no way to District president of the Trinamool in Malda 3,600 of such schools, of which 250 are is “understandable,” says Dutta. “Nas There was some apprehension in tell which direction its fl ock will turn. in Malda,” says Pande. kar has worked with Dilipda in the putting the spotlight on Lord Ram in a Biswanath Das (name changed) is a It is early morning. Dalit and Adivasi Manch. They share a bond.” It is against State where Durga, Kali, local gods cele reasonably affl uent political activist. He der. They report cases of cow theft, children chant the Gayatri Mantra in the blurring of boundaries between ide brated in Bengal’s literature such as Ma lives on the bank of the river Padma in smuggling and atrocities by the ‘majori Kalitala village in Habibpur. The school ologically inimical parties that the 2019 nasha and Itu, and other godmen are Murshidabad’s Jalangi block. “We are of ty’ in Murshidabad,” says Biswas, a has one teacher, Jolly Mondal, who is election is playing out. celebrated, he says. “But we felt we fi cially Trinamool and unoffi cially BJP,” swayamsevak. Muslims, who constitute pursuing a Master’s degree. She gets Naskar used to be in charge of booth should select only that icon, which has says Das. Das, a Trinamool Panchayat about 70% of Murshidabad’s popula ₹ 1,000 as honorarium per month and management for the CPI(M) — his task helped us grow elsewhere, to mobilise Samiti member, was denied a ticket tion, are the majority in the district. “enjoys teaching”. The children under was to gather together boys in his Pan people. This year we have had rallies in when internal infi ghting broke out with Colonel Dipak Bhattacharya, the her watch recite a series of poems re chayat, Pratapnagar, which is adjacent all the 512 of the VHP’s own blocks.” in the Trinamool. He was also attacked South Bengal president of the SCM, says counting the greatness of Sita and Savi to Baruipur, to mobilise voters to reach Sinha agrees that their programmes by members of a faction of the Trina the organisation was launched in Ben tri. The children say that their favourite the booths and vote, he says. Now, he is have helped “the BJP increase its vote mool. He still has a neatly spread Trina gal decades ago, but began to grow only hymn is the Bijaya Mahamantra, in the poll manager of the BJP in four Pan share,” but insists that the VHP is not mool fl ag on the roof of his house. “The from 2017. “In the last four years, from praise of Lord Ram. chayats, which together have about “connected to elections”. “We are a reli Hindus here are all with the BJP, but the very few volunteers we are now have Pande insists that Ekals are “both 67,000 voters. giosocial organisation,” he says fi rmly. fl ag is for protection,” he says. about 30,000 in the State, of which nonreligious and nonformal schools” “Today, Hindus are supporting the Neither does the Left Front have a Sinha smiles while talking of the Trina 20,000 are in South Bengal,” he says. and that they follow the governmentap BJP because of Mamata’s policy to ap strategy. In the Kolkata offi ce of the Par mool adopting the same strategy to gar Nation-building The Colonel became a fulltime proved syllabus for children up to the pease the Muslims,” says Naskar. His ty of Democratic Socialism, founded by ner votes. “They’ve realised that the Seemanta Chetana Mancha (SCM), a swayamsevak after retirement, he says. fourth grade. These schools, some of grouse with the CPI(M) and the Trina the CPI(M)’s rebels in 2001, Samir Puta Hindu votes are consolidating behind platform to increase awareness about The SCM is popular in border States which are residential, impart education mool is that they are “reluctant to pro tundu, one of the founders, says they the BJP.” borders and commit to the nationbuild like Rajasthan and Gujarat. One of the in sports, language, culture and patrio tect the interests of Hindus”. He adds: “never monitored the RSS [Rashtriya ing process, is another success story of key programmes that popularised the tism. “We teach children to love their “Last month, Muslims planned a jalsha Swayamsevak Sangh] outfi ts over the Changing strategy the Hindutva brigade in Bengal. Stand SCM in the border towns and villages of country through songs. There are 90 in Sangur village in Pratapnagar. We years, as neither the BJP nor the RSS At the Ram Navami celebrations in ing in a fl oodplain of the Padma, the Bengal was “stopping land transfer to such schools in Habibpur block, besides stopped them from organising it. The was perceived as a threat.” With the Left April, thousands of people could be SCM’s State Committee member, Ta Muslims”. Many Hindu families, espe many run by the RSS,” says Pande. Both police arrested me.” now fl oundering in West Bengal, and seen brandishing hefty metal swords pash Biswas, says the organisation, cially aged couples whose children live Ekal and Gramotthan are funded by With the participation of activists like with the Trinamool still its main adver and rocket launchers made of thermo which “closely coordinates with the in Kolkatta, were selling their property “wellwishers in many countries, espe Naskar from across the State, the Hindu sary in the State, more and more of its col. Ratna De Nag, the incumbent MP of Border Security Force”, has grown dra to Muslims and leaving the border areas cially the United States.” Jagran Manch’s main programme, Ram supporters are moving to the opposite Hooghly, stood at the tail end of the ral matically. “Our job is to ensure that pe to be with their children, the SCM mem On way to the city, Pande says that Navami, has witnessed a massive surge ideological camp, the BJP. ly, following the swordwielding men ople like Biswanath Das are aware of bers say. “So, we undertook a pro the good work of the Ekal should “bene in participation. In 2014, Ram Navami and “monitoring the situation”, accord their rights as citizens living on the bor gramme to reach out to those couples. fi t the BJP” in the elections. How? “We celebrations got a big boost when the A new icon in Bengal ing to her associates. We told them that if every Hindu family run the fi nest Ekal school in Balurghat Manch provided logistical support. “We The VHP offi ce is located in a nonde “The ruling party is adopting the nar <> Owing to a lack of ideology, the leaves the area, then the border will be and it has an impact in the area,” he felt that the youth needed an icon in script fourstorey building on which is rative of the Opposition. And that is the Trinamool is borrowing the completely dominated by Muslims. The says. Sinha says there are “50 families Bengal. We decided to give the Ram Na painted the emblem of the organisation, victory of the Sangh Parivar,” says San programme gave a major boost to our connected to each Ekal”, and the teach narrative of its rivals from time vami celebrations a push. We formed a giant banyan tree. Inside the offi ce, lo jeeb Mukherjee, retired Professor of membership,” Bhattacharya says. Other er is asked to reach out to each family to celebration committees and Naskar cated in central Kolkata, is a poster of Political Science, Calcutta University. to time. Earlier it had a pro- programmes such as providing protec talk “about religion and the country”. played a key role in that,” Dutta says. He Lord Krishna and two cows on the door. “Owing to a lack of ideology, the Trina peasant narrative, which it had tion to cows and ensuring jobs have at The teachers do not talk about the elec reads from a yellow diary: “Last year, It reads, ‘Only those who protect cows mool is borrowing the narrative of its borrowed from the Left. Now it tracted more people. tions necessarily, he says. But come 20,61,000 people participated in the will get our votes’. Elderly Bengali wo rivals from time to time. Earlier it had a has a pro-Hindutva narrative, elections, the parents carry forward the Ram Navami rally. Among them, men in white saris run around off ering propeasant narrative, which it had bor which it has borrowed from Skill development message of voting for the country fi rst, 3,89,135 were matrishakti (women). Till prasad in the offi ce, someone is cooking rowed from the Left. Now it has a pro the Right. Along the banks of the river is a giant an oftrepeated comment of BJP about a few years ago, there were only a bhog, and there is a strong fragrance of Hindutva narrative, which it has bor Sanjeeb Mukherjee and partly rusted gate covered with leaders. few thousand who attended the fl owers. rowed from the Right.” Retired Professor of Political Science, Calcutta University bougainvillea. This is the Bhalukbona celebrations.” The organisation secretary of the Gramotthan Prashikshan Kendra. The The bigger challenge Soon after BJP leaders participated in VHP, Sachindranath Sinha, does not de organisation was founded in Kolkata in The heady mix of nationalism and reli armed Ram Navami rallies, this year the ny that the VHP has been working with the late 1980s and is credited for the gion has clearly found a resonance in Trinamool, not to be left behind, also temple priests for a long time. “It is BJP’s growth in the tribal areas of cen the once Marxist State of West Bengal. organised processions, with partici called Dharmacharya Samparka Bibhag tral India by national leaders of the Bengal now slips into the last phase of pants beating drums and shouting ‘Jai [the blessings of priests are sought for party. what has turned out to be a violent bat Shri Ram!’ Trinamool leaders admit that every activity of the VHP]. There are As the gate opens, visible on a plaque tle for the ballot. With educationist Ish they were — and still are — unsure about half a dozen other departments of the are words by Prime Minister Narendra war Chandra Vidyasagar’s marble bust their strategy “to counter the Hindutva VHP doing various kinds of work such Modi: “Our mission should be skill deve smashed into smithereens following a brigade”. The district president of the as empowering women [through Durga lopment to take the country forward.” clash between the BJP and the TMC a Trinamool in Malda, Moazzem Hossain, Vahini], skill development, etc.,” Sinha The Bhalukbona centre, located deep in few days ago, and both blaming each who is contesting this time, says, “We says. The VHP liaises with sadhus and Malda’s Habibpur block which has a other for the episode, the tension in the do not have cadres who are informed arranges free pilgrimages for them to 50% Scheduled Caste and 30% Sche State has only increased. Messages and educated to monitor the Sangh Pa the Maha Kumbh Mela and places of re duled Tribe population, is running the about religious communities are being rivar. They [Hindutva organisations] are ligious signifi cance. Prime Minister’s skill development pro forwarded by organisations, many of operating at many levels.” One such ‘op The organisation has only been grow gramme on a huge campus. which were founded in postIndepen eration’ involves taking candidates to lo ing, Sinha says. “The Bajrang Dal is the “Since 2001, the Ekal Vidyalaya has dence Bengal, managed to survive dur cal and lesserknown shrines in the youth wing of the VHP. Four years ago, been in operation, but from 2011, we de ing the Communist era, and are now evenings, have them perform an aarti, we had 5,0007,000 members. Now we veloped the Gramotthan project to en consolidated in Trinamool’s Bengal. and take the blessings of the temple have 70,000.” He credits the rise of the sure jobs for the villagers in the area,” The Trinamool’s bigger challenge priest. When a priest endorses a candi Bajrang Dal to Lord Ram and the gener says Kanai Pande, the man in charge of beyond May 23 will be these Hindutva date in front of 200500 people, it al growth of Hindutva in the State. “A the Bhalukbona project. Pande, a outfi ts which are not clearly visible on makes a diff erence. few years ago, after the government swayamsevak, takes us on a guided tour ground, unlike the BJP. CM M CH-CHE YK