A Qualitative Study Comparing Classroom Practices to the Technology Integration Matrix Bridget Phillips [email protected]
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Marshall University Marshall Digital Scholar Theses, Dissertations and Capstones 2018 Effective iPad Instruction: A Qualitative Study Comparing Classroom Practices to the Technology Integration Matrix Bridget Phillips [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://mds.marshall.edu/etd Part of the Curriculum and Instruction Commons, Educational Methods Commons, and the Educational Technology Commons Recommended Citation Phillips, Bridget, "Effective iPad Instruction: A Qualitative Study Comparing Classroom Practices to the Technology Integration Matrix" (2018). Theses, Dissertations and Capstones. 1190. https://mds.marshall.edu/etd/1190 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Marshall Digital Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Marshall Digital Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. EFFECTIVE IPAD INSTRUCTION: A QUALITATIVE STUDY COMPARING CLASSROOM PRACTICES TO THE TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION MATRIX A dissertation submitted to the Graduate College of Marshall University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education In Curriculum and Instruction by Bridget Phillips Approved by Dr. Lisa A. Heaton, Committee Chairperson Dr. Elizabeth Campbell Dr. Kimberly McFall Dr. Raymond Singleton Marshall University December 2018 APPROVAL OF DISSERTATION ii © 2018 Bridget Phillips ALL RIGHTS RESERVED iii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my husband, children, and my parents. Brian, I thank you for your patience and understanding during this process. It has been a long five years and you have been there to listen, encourage, and many times read and edit my work. You picked up the slack and took good care of our boys when I was not able to be there. I appreciate you more than words can express. Braden and Blake, you are the most important things to me. I hope this accomplishment shows you that you can do anything you want when you make up your mind to do it and put in hard work. There were many times I wanted to give up, but thinking about the both of you and what message that would send kept me going. Mom, you and dad raised me to know that nothing in life comes easy, and with the grace of God you can accomplish anything. To my father, I know you have been with me through this whole endeavor and are looking down from heaven. I hope I have made you proud. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to take this opportunity to show my gratitude to the many people that have helped me through this long and demanding process both in my personal and professional life. It was not easy to be able to balance schoolwork with my professional responsibilities and the stress of keeping up with a busy household of active athletic children. I would first like to say thank you to Dr. Lisa Heaton. She provided me with guidance and support, encouraging me along the way. She spent countless hours reading and editing my work when she was very busy herself. She gave me priceless advice, but allowed me to make this work my own. I would also like to thank my other committee members, Dr. Elizabeth Campbell, Dr. Kimberly McFall, and Dr. Ray Singleton. Thank you for your input and taking time to read my work. I appreciate all of you for your help throughout this process. To my family, thank you for being supportive and patient while I worked many hours. To my work family, thank you for listening to me when I was thinking out loud and bouncing ideas off of you. To the teachers and administrators that opened up their schools and classrooms to me, without you allowing me to invade your rooms, this would not have happened. You are all wonderful teachers that took risks with your students and showed me what it means to be an effective teacher. v TABLE OF CONTENTS APPROVAL OF DISSERTATION ............................................................................................ ii DEDICATION .......................................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................ v LIST OF TABLES..................................................................................................................... xi ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................. xii CHAPTER 1 ............................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 Background ............................................................................................................................ 3 How Students of Today Learn ............................................................................................. 3 Constructivist Theory of Teaching ...................................................................................... 5 Technology Standards ......................................................................................................... 7 Technology Integration Matrix ............................................................................................ 8 Problem Statement .................................................................................................................. 9 Purpose of the Study ............................................................................................................... 9 Research Questions ............................................................................................................... 10 Operational Definitions ......................................................................................................... 11 Significance of the Study ...................................................................................................... 13 Limitations and Delimitations of the Study ........................................................................... 14 CHAPTER 2 ............................................................................................................................. 16 Review of the Literature ....................................................................................................... 16 The Influx of Technology ..................................................................................................... 16 Economic and Political Impact .......................................................................................... 17 Mobile Device Integration................................................................................................. 20 Research Findings Specific to iPads .................................................................................. 20 Pedagogical Shifts Throughout the Last Century ................................................................... 29 Teacher-Centered Versus Student-Centered Instruction ..................................................... 30 Educational Reforms ............................................................................................................. 32 The Common School Movement ....................................................................................... 32 vi Progressive Education Reform .......................................................................................... 34 The Great Depression and World War II ........................................................................... 35 The Cold War ................................................................................................................... 36 The Open Classrooms of the 1960’s and 1970’s ................................................................ 36 A Nation at Risk ............................................................................................................... 37 Technology and the Internet .............................................................................................. 38 Students of the 21st Century .................................................................................................. 40 ISTE Standards ................................................................................................................. 41 West Virginia Technology Standards ................................................................................ 49 Next Steps for Educators ....................................................................................................... 53 Essential Conditions .......................................................................................................... 54 Instructional Practices ....................................................................................................... 54 School and Community ..................................................................................................... 60 Technology Integration Matrix .......................................................................................... 62 Summary .............................................................................................................................. 67 CHAPTER 3 ............................................................................................................................. 69 Methods ...............................................................................................................................