DOCSLIB.ORG

Popular Science Covers Cold Fusion

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Popular Science Covers Cold Fusion Popular Science Covers Cold Fusion Christy L. Frazier he November 2012 Popular Science “The Future Now” about everyone at that conference has seen the cold fusion T cover includes “Cold Fusion: A Special Investigation.” effect first-hand, including me. We have no doubt at all that The story by Steve Featherstone, “Andrea Rossi’s Black Box,” cold fusion itself is real. We also think it is likely the Ni-H focuses on the tumultuous past few years of effort and set- version works. A lot of us (including me) respect Piantelli backs by Italian inventor Andrea Rossi. Those familiar with and Focardi. Based on that, it is reasonable to conclude that the Rossi story might expect the story to be entirely negative Rossi’s claims are probably true. His tests have been ludi- toward the cold fusion field. However, Featherstone seems to crous as everyone knows, but convincing nonetheless.” be an eager, open-minded journalist who wants to dig into Many in the field have proposed better protocols to Rossi, the layers of a story. directly and indirectly, including how to make proper meas- Rossi seemingly burst onto the cold fusion/LENR scene in urements and how to protect intellectual property while 2010. His affiliation with Sergio Focardi made many scien- doing open demonstrations. Most believe that Rossi is not tists in the field take notice. His first public demonstration of trying to scam the public, rather that he suffers from “inven- the energy catalyzer (E-Cat) took place in January 2011 in tor’s disease,” which has the awful “side effects” of paranoia Bologna, Italy. The internet immediately exploded with E- and disillusionment. Cat enthusiasm and cold fusion began experiencing a surge Rossi’s questionable behavior carried over to July 2012 in interest. Meanwhile, those closest to the field began a when Featherstone touched down in Italy. He had been lengthy journey of discovery to ascertain whether Rossi’s invited by Rossi to a private demonstration of the E-Cat. claims were real and whether the work Most researchers in the field would be would catapult the field into a new era honored to have a reporter interested of research, investment, development in their work, but could of course be and acceptance. hesitant due to the unfair treatment Many were aware of Rossi’s tar- the field has received in the press over nished past, which included an envi- the years. Featherstone was shocked ronmental nightmare created by with Rossi’s lack of courtesy and busi- attempting to transform garbage and ness acumen—he was left to navigate industrial waste into oil and an eventu- himself around a foreign city, and al acquittal on gold trafficking charges. when arriving at his hotel, found a This history may have concerned some new email from Rossi cancelling the in the field, but Rossi was given atten- meeting. After venturing out to Rossi’s tion because his LENR claims seemed business, being turned away and an valid and intriguing, especially in the evening of emails back and forth, context of past work done by Focardi Featherstone was once again granted and Francesco Piantelli. access to see the E-Cat and conduct an Since January 2011, Rossi’s behavior interview. has clouded the hope that the E-Cat Featherstone is skeptical about can become a successful LENR technol- what he saw—an E-Cat module with ogy. He has had falling outs with most three stainless steel reaction chambers of the individuals and companies he containing 100 grams of nickel pow- has worked with, while at the same der, a small amount of hydrogen gas time posting inconsistent, unverifiable and Rossi’s catalyst. Featherstone and sometimes false content on the internet and via email. wrote, “The E-Cat is essentially a boiler, but the mechanism When Featherstone attended the International Low Energy that drives it is as mysterious as the warp core on the Nuclear Reactions Symposium in Williamsburg, Virginia this Starship Enterprise.” He wrote about one valid critique: “The summer, he spoke to many of the leading LENR researchers module was plugged into the wall. Critics have slammed and “couldn’t find a single person willing to call Rossi a con him for not unplugging it during live demonstrations...Some man.” He wrote, “The consensus was that he had something, even suggested that Rossi juiced the E-Cat through hidden even if he didn’t understand why it worked or how to con- wires.” During Featherstone’s visit, Rossi “circled the table, trol it.” Jed Rothwell, director of lenr-canr.org, is not sur- methodically clamping a handheld ammeter around every prised by the field’s response to Rossi’s claims or behavior. wire.” The display showed 0 amperes on every wire; then He said, “It is no great leap for the people at that conference Rossi unplugged the module. Featherstone concluded, “It’s to accept that Rossi is probably right. It is no big deal. Just impossible to say what produced the heat [140°C peak, with 1 INFINITE ENERGY • ISSUE 106 • NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2012 module unplugged, for about an hour]. Even if Rossi was gen cell in lab notebooks, including not only results but showing me an accurate calorimeter reading, it wouldn’t be material preparation details. Celani was one of the first to see enough to conclude that his machine contained a nuclear Rossi’s E-Cat, attending the January 2011 demo with spec- reaction.” After the initial problems Featherstone faced with trometer in hand. Celani has successfully demonstrated his Rossi, he ultimately was given unprecedented access to device twice in August, at NIWeek in Texas and ICCF17 in Rossi’s lab and E-Cats for taking photos. Korea. A number of Celani replications are currently under- Featherstone is less skeptical about the possibilities that way, including at major U.S. national labs. LENR holds. It appears that he did a great deal of research Whatever wrong turns Rossi may have taken (and it and spoke to a number of people in the field. The story accu- remains to be seen what comes rately portrays how some work produces excess heat, neu- of the E-Cat), it can be argued tron fluxes, alpha particles, transmutation and other signa- that the cold fusion field is in a tures of nuclear activity. Saying that the field has an “identi- better place at this time than it ty crisis” seems to minimize the issues facing the field, but in has been in years. Part of this a sense is true. Featherstone wrote, “The field has more alias- can be credited to the attention es than P. Diddy,” referring to the many names being used that Rossi has brought to the for the field (LENR, CANR, CMNS, etc.). He highlights the field. Other possible devices and pertinent issue of theory when he writes that the “identity advancements have come to the crisis stems from the simple fact that cold fusion researchers forefront (including Celani’s cell don’t understand how these reactions work.” A sidebar on and Defkalion’s Hyperion) as a theory describes the Fleischmann-Pons effect, Hagelstein’s result of Rossi’s efforts. phonon theory and Widom-Larsen’s theory. Rossi’s efforts have now not Since the story focused on Rossi’s claims, Featherstone only garnered the interest of Andrea Rossi sought out skeptics in Italy, including Ugo Bardi (who new energy enthusiasts online attempted, but failed, to replicate the Fleischmann-Pons but serious journalists and mainstream media. Without the effect while at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab in 1989). Two past two years of promotion by Rossi, it is very likely that other skeptics, Giancarlo Ruocco (Director of Physics, Popular Science would not have done a cover story (or any University of Rome) and Antonio Polosa (Associate print story, for that matter) on cold fusion, at least not until Professor) were so indignant with their responses that it further advancements are made. The November 2012 issue almost seems to have convinced of Popular Science is the first time since Featherstone to be skeptical about August 1993 that the magazine has skeptics. When Featherstone referred had a cover story on cold fusion. The to LENR scientists, Ruocco took 1993 story, “It Ain’t Over Till It’s offense. He insisted that cold fusion Over...Cold Fusion,” by Jerry E. Bishop researchers should not be referred to as was generally positive. Fred scientists, rather that they are mostly Abatemarco, Popular Science editor in “garage research men” and Polosa sec- 1993, wrote in his editorial: “Despite onded this by calling into question the frustrations of believers and the “the quality of the people.” Clearly claims of fraud by detractors, cold neither skeptic had read any of the fusion research is gaining new support thousands of cold fusion papers, and and funds...Bishop’s report on the both were unaware of the esteemed fact-or-fantasy debate over cold fusion careers of most in the field. should convince you that in science, When Featherstone received test as in baseball, it ain’t over till it’s data from Rossi after returning from over.” In his editorial, current Popular his visit, he sent the report (with iden- Science editor Jacob Ward directs read- tifying information removed) to an ers to Featherstone’s profile of the expert at NASA experienced in con- “inventor and showman” who is ducting third-party validation tests. He Rossi. Ward notes, “It’s a fascinating wrote, “While the NASA expert didn’t world, both because it promises some- entirely refute the report’s findings, thing so spectacular, and because it the test protocols and conclusions did- tends to produce such fraudulence.” n’t meet the standards of a credible third-party evaluation.” He would be hard-pressed to find many real cases of fraud in Featherstone admitted, “The outcome wasn’t surprising, but the cold fusion field (unlike, say, the new energy field).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Qu'est-Ce Que Le Temps ? TABLE DES MATIERES Qu'est-Ce Que Le Temps ?
    Retrouvez cette oeuvre et beaucoup d'autres sur http://www.atramenta.net Qu'est-ce que le temps ? TABLE DES MATIERES Qu'est-ce que le temps ?.............................................................................1 Qu’est-ce que le temps ?......................................................................2 Che cos’è il tempo ? Quid est enim tempus ? ¿Qué es el tiempo ? Çfarë është koha ? What is time ? Was ist Zeit ? Wat is tijd ? Što je vrijeme ? Zaman Nedir ?Что такое время ? 什么是时间 ?.....................................................................2 Avant-propos.......................................................................................7 Urgences (quand le temps est compressé).........................................10 Développement durable.....................................................................26 Cause première… cause toujours !..........................................60 Introduction.......................................................................................94 Les âges de l’univers (et promenade dans les calendriers)................96 Les âges du Soleil............................................................................137 Les âges de la Terre.........................................................................144 Les âges de l’homme et de la femme..............................................154 Les âges des autres êtres vivants.....................................................175 Les âges des atomes et des particules..............................................182
    [Show full text]
  • Tests Find Rossi's E-Cat Has an Energy Density at Least 10 Times Higher Than Any Conventional Energy Source 23 May 2013, by Lisa Zyga
    Tests find Rossi's E-Cat has an energy density at least 10 times higher than any conventional energy source 23 May 2013, by Lisa Zyga Essén, who submitted the paper, is an associate professor of theoretical physics at the Swedish Royal Institute of Technology and former chairman of the Swedish Skeptics Society. "I have followed the Rossi E-Cats for a couple of years now and participated in two experiments (including the present one) and read, and heard, about several other more or less independent ones," Essén told Phys.org. "My overall impression (Left) The ceramic cylinder visibly heats up in an is that there must be something there, but scientists experiment performed in November 2012. In this test, must always be cautious until everything has been the device got so hot that the internal steel cylinder housing the fuel overheated and melted. The trials in the checked and rechecked." current study were performed at lower temperatures. (Right) Thermal data of the cylinder taken from a high- Essén said that there are plans to submit the paper res thermal camera. Credit: Levi, et al. to a peer-reviewed journal, although they understand that it may be difficult. Even though the subject is controversial, he explained that he thinks the cost of involvement is worth it. (Phys.org) —In the ongoing saga of Andrea Rossi's energy catalyzer (E-Cat) that promises clean, "I got involved since, for the first time, an inventor of cheap power for the world, the latest events a new energy source was willing to allow continue to bring as many questions as answers.
    [Show full text]
  • Cold Fusion Died 25 Years Ago, but the Research Lives on | November 7, 2016 Issue - Vol
    11/7/2016 Cold fusion died 25 years ago, but the research lives on | November 7, 2016 Issue - Vol. 94 Issue 44 | Chemical & Engineering News 64.124.29.44 Volume 94 Issue 44 | pp. 34-39 Issue Date: November 7, 2016 COVER STORY Cold fusion died 25 years ago, but the research lives on Scientists continue to study unusual heat-generating effects, some hoping for vindication, others for and an eventual payday By Stephen K. Ritter Some 7,000 people attended a hastily organized cold fusion session at the ACS national meeting in Dallas in 1989, hopeful that word of the newly announced phenomenon was true. Credit: James Krieger/C&EN Howard J. Wilk is a long-term unemployed In brief synthetic organic chemist living in In 1989, the scientific world was turned upside down when two researchers announced they Philadelphia. Like many pharmaceutical had tamed the power of nuclear fusion in a researchers, he has suffered through the drug simple electrolysis cell. The excitement quickly died when the scientific community came to a industry’s R&D downsizing in recent years and consensus that the findings weren’t real—“cold fusion” became a synonym for junk science. In now is underemployed in a nonscience job. the quarter-century since, a surprising number of researchers continue to report unexplainable With extra time on his hands, Wilk has been excess heat effects in similar experiments, and several companies have announced plans to tracking the progress of a New Jersey-based commercialize technologies, hoping to company called Brilliant Light Power revolutionize the energy industry.
    [Show full text]
  • COLD NUCLEAR FUSION from Pons & Fleischmann to Rossi's E-Cat
    COLD NUCLEAR FUSION from Pons & Fleischmann to Rossi's E-Cat by Martin Bier Twenty-two years have passed since Pons and Fleischmann held their legendary press conference. Presumably, they had realized cold fusion. But it became a classic case of pride before the fall. A few months later, after the results appeared irreproducible, the American Physical Society and the authoritative journals declared it pseudoscience. Nevertheless, cold fusion never totally disappeared. Money has continued to be poured into it and researchers are still working on it. Recently, there has been commotion over an alleged "breakthrough" by Andrea Rossi with his E-Cat. But there are indications that Rossi's E-Cat is a sham. ! PONS EN FLEISCHMANN Martin Fleischmann (1927) was an accomplished British elektrochemist. He had been president of the International Society of Electrochemistry for two years. In 1986, he was allowed to join the Fellowship of the Royal Society. After 1983, he no longer had any teaching duties at the University of Southampton and started spending a lot of time doing research at the University of Utah. Stanley Pons (1943) was from Valdese, North Carolina. He interrupted his chemistry studies for eight years to help run the family business. But in 1975 he picked it up again and in 1978 he received his Ph.D. from the University of Southampton. In 1989, he was head of the chemistry department at the The front cover of Time on May 8, 1989.! University of Utah in Salt Like City. ! 1 The two scientists would have preferred to just publish their results in a scientific journal.
    [Show full text]
  • Press Releases
    HOW ROSSI COLD FUSION TESTS MISLED THE WORLD’S SCIENTISTS INADVERTENT MISWIRING OF LEADS IS THE CAUSE All around the world, thousands of people have been heralding the introduction of the Rossi E-CAT energy catalyzer device which claims to generate more energy output than is input due to low energy nuclear reaction. What makes this claim different is that at least fifteen scientists from around the world, including from NASA, have lent some support for it, after witnessing a demonstration or analyzing the results. They generally concluded that the output power was apparently much larger than the input, and only nuclear reactions could account for the difference. However, Dick Smith, patron of Australian Skeptics, says, “It would be great if it’s true, but it’s more likely just a misconnection of the power lead.” Smith was approached in December to invest $200,000 in this scheme to provide almost free energy and thus save the planet from climate change. He sent aerospace engineer Ian Bryce of Australian Skeptics to an investors’ meeting on the NSW North Coast on January 13 to investigate. Smith says, “If one of the wires in the three-core power lead was accidentally misconnected, the actual measurements of current witnessed by two Swedish scientists would not be the total power going into the reactor, and there would be an apparent power gain. One of the scientists who observed an earlier test has now agreed this could be so.” Bryce found that in all six published tests up to July, a misconnected earth lead could funnel in up to 3 kilowatts, thus bypassing the power meters used, and accounting for all the measured output power in the form of steam.
    [Show full text]
  • 130 Electrical Energy Innovations
    130 Electrical Energy Innovations Gary Vesperman (Author) Advisor to Sky Train Corporation www.skytraincorp.com 588 Lake Huron Lane Boulder City, NV 89005-1018 702-435-7947 [email protected] www.padrak.com/vesperman TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 BRIEF SUMMARIES ....................................................................................................... 2 LARGE GENERATORS ............................................................................................... 13 Hydro-Magnetic Dynamo ............................................................................................ 13 Focus Fusion ............................................................................................................... 19 BlackLight Power’s Hydrino Generator ..................................................................... 19 IPMS Thorium Energy Accumulator .......................................................................... 22 Thorium Power Pack ................................................................................................... 22 Magneto-Gravitational Converter (Searl Effect Generator) ..................................... 23 Davis Tidal Turbine ..................................................................................................... 25 Magnatron – Light-Activated Cold Fusion Magnetic Motor ..................................... 26 Wireless Power and Free Energy from Ambient
    [Show full text]
  • Indication of Anomalous Heat Energy Production in a Reactor Device Containing Hydrogen Loaded Nickel Powder
    Indication of anomalous heat energy production in a reactor device containing hydrogen loaded nickel powder. Giuseppe Levi Bologna University, Bologna, Italy Evelyn Foschi Bologna, Italy Torbjörn Hartman, Bo Höistad, Roland Pettersson and Lars Tegnér Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Hanno Essén Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden ABSTRACT An experimental investigation of possible anomalous heat production in a special type of reactor tube named E-Cat HT is carried out. The reactor tube is charged with a small amount of hydrogen loaded nickel powder plus some additives. The reaction is primarily initiated by heat from resistor coils inside the reactor tube. Measurement of the produced heat was performed with high-resolution thermal imaging cameras, recording data every second from the hot reactor tube. The measurements of electrical power input were performed with a large bandwidth three- phase power analyzer. Data were collected in two experimental runs lasting 96 and 116 hours, respectively. An anomalous heat production was indicated in both experiments. The 116-hour experiment also included a calibration of the experimental set-up without the active charge present in the E-Cat HT. In this case, no extra heat was generated beyond the expected heat from the electric input. Computed volumetric and gravimetric energy densities were found to be far above those of any known chemical source. Even by the most conservative assumptions as to the errors in the measurements, the result is still one order of magnitude greater than conventional energy sources. INTRODUCTION Andrea Rossi claims to have invented an apparatus that can produce much more energy per unit weight of fuel than can be obtained from known chemical processes.
    [Show full text]
  • ECAT Science How the E-Cat Works
    ECAT Science How the E-Cat Works • The theory states that once some energy is added to surfaces loaded with protons, if the surface morphology enables high localized potential gradients, then heavy electrons (muons) leading to ultra low energy (cold) neutrons will form that never leave the surface. • The neutrons set up isotope cascades which result in beta decay and gamma emission. This results in interactions with heavy electrons which convert the gamma into heat. Nano-sized particles of nickel, pressurized hydrogen and a catalyst are heated in a small reactor to the point at which weak interactions between the reactants cause transmutation (ie some of the nickel is converted to copper). Considerable excess heat is emitted during this process. Once the reaction becomes self-sustaining, the input power can be reduced significantly and excess heat (up to 650 degrees C) is generated in a range of five to 30 times the input energy. The E-cat, Andrea Rossi invention, is guaranteed to work at a COP of 6:1. This can be used for steam, hot water, heating and generating electricity. Future uses include desalination and agricultural purposes. One day it could be used for transportation vehicles, aircraft and ships. The system is inexpensive, emits no green house gases and there is no radioactivity. The amount of 1 gram of nickel with this reaction is equivalent to one barrel of oil, or one barrel of nickel creates the same energy as a super tanker of oil! LENRs are weak interactions and neutron-capture processes that occur in nanometer- to micron-scale regions on surfaces in condensed matter at room temperature.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear Reactions in Micro/Nano-Scale Metal Particles
    Few-Body Syst (2013) 54:25–30 DOI 10.1007/s00601-012-0374-6 Y. E. Kim Nuclear Reactions in Micro/Nano-Scale Metal Particles Received: 20 September 2011 / Accepted: 24 December 2011 / Published online: 17 March 2012 © Springer-Verlag 2012 Abstract Low-energy nuclear reactions in micro/nano-scale metal particles are described based on the the- ory of Bose–Einstein condensation nuclear fusion (BECNF). The BECNF theory is based on a single basic assumption capable of explaining the observed LENR phenomena; deuterons in metals undergo Bose–Einstein condensation. The BECNF theory is also a quantitative predictive physical theory. Experimental tests of the basic assumption and theoretical predictions are proposed. Potential application to energy generation by igni- tion at low temperatures is described. Generalized theory of BECNF is used to carry out theoretical analyses of recently reported experimental results for hydrogen–nickel system. 1 Introduction Over the last two decades, there have been many publications reporting experimental observations of excess heat generation and anomalous nuclear reactions occurring in metals at ultra-low energies, now known as low-energy nuclear reactions (LENR). Theoretical explanations of the LENR phenomena will be described based on the theory of Bose-Einstein condensation nuclear fusion (BECNF) in micro/nano-scale metal parti- cles [1–3]. The BECNF theory is based on a single basic assumption capable of explaining the observed LENR phenomena; deuterons in metals undergo Bose–Einstein condensation. While the BECNF theory is able to make general qualitative predictions concerning LENR phenomena it is also a quantitative predictive physical theory. Proposed experimental tests of the basic assumption and theoretical predictions will be described.
    [Show full text]
  • Secrets of E-Cat
    Mario Menichella SECRETS OF E-CAT Consulente Energia Index PREFACE ……….……………………………………………………………………. p. 5 1. WHAT E-CAT IS What are low-energy nuclear reactions, p. 10 – Twenty years of research on cold fusion, p. 12 – The disruptive innovations brought by Andrea Rossi, p. 15 – The findings of a “skeptic” to the presentation of E-Cat, p. 18. 2. HOW MUCH ENERGY IT PRODUCES The first methods used to calculate the excess energy, p. 24 – The early experimental results obtained, p. 26 – The public demonstrations of the E- Cat, p. 30 – Uncertainties related to the amplification factor, p. 34. 3. HOW IS AN E-CAT MADE? The architecture of the commercial version, p. 41 – What are the internal components of the E-Cat, p. 43 – How the external part of the E-Cat is made, p. 46 – A reconstruction of the heart of the reactor, p. 48. 4. DISCOVERING THE SETUP The source of hydrogen and its pressure, p. 54 – The ignition temperature of the nuclear reaction, p. 57 – Nickel powder: the quantity and the ideal size, p. 61 – The isotopic composition and metal treatment, p. 64 – A simple list of what you need, p. 67. 5. THE SECRET CATALYST The importance of an “additive” in the E-Cat of Rossi-Focardi, p. 71 – What is the function of the catalyst in a reaction?, p. 74 – The possibility that it may not be a compound, p. 77 – Some valuable and… totally unexpected clues, p. 80 – What are the conclusions that can be drawn?, p. 84. 6. PRODUCTS OF THE REACTIONS The substances observed in the post-reaction powder, p.
    [Show full text]
  • How Can 30% of Nickel in Rossi's Reactor Be Transmuted Into Copper
    How can 30% of nickel in Rossi’s reactor be transmuted into copper? « J... http://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=473&cpage=7#comments « From the orbital capture to some types of Introduction to quantum ring theory » L.E.N.R. reactions How can 30% of nickel in Rossi’s reactor be transmuted into copper? by Dott. Giuliano Bettini Retired. Earlier: Selenia SpA, Rome and IDS SpA, Pisa Also Adjunct Professor at the University of Pisa Adjunct Professor at Naval Academy, Leghorn (Italian Navy) Abstract In the present article I would like to answer a question posed by L. Kowalsky in a recent paper: how can 30% of nickel in Rossi’s reactor be transmuted into copper? “Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler”, says a guy. I apologizes if I am too simplistic here. Introduction The interest on Andrea Rossi’s Nickel-Hydrogen Cold Fusion technology is accelerating [1]. However, Rossi says that about 30% of nickel was turned into copper, after 6 months of uninterrupted operation. Kowalski [2]. says that “this seems to be impossible because the produced copper isotopes rapidly decay into Ni”. But how it works? How it works Following Focardi Rossi [3]. a Ni58 nucleus produces a Copper nucleus according to the reaction Ni58 + p → Cu59 Copper nucleus Cu59 decays with positron (e+) and neutrino (ν) emission in Ni59 nucleus according to Cu59 → Ni59 + ν + e+ Then (e+) annichilates with (e-) in two gamma-rays e- + e+ → γ + γ Starting [3] from Ni58 which is the more abundant isotope, we can obtain as described in the two above processes Copper formation and its successive decay in Nickel, producing Ni59, Ni60, Ni61 and Ni62.
    [Show full text]
  • Review Article Future Green Energy Through Cold Fusion Nuclear Heat
    Scholars Journal of Engineering and Technology (SJET) ISSN 2321-435X (Online) Sch. J. Eng. Tech., 2014; 2(6B):913-917 ISSN 2347-9523 (Print) ©Scholars Academic and Scientific Publisher (An International Publisher for Academic and Scientific Resources) www.saspublisher.com Review Article Future Green Energy Through Cold Fusion Nuclear Heat With Nickel Powder U. V. S. Seshavatharam1, S. Lakshminarayana2 1Honorary faculty, I-SERVE, Alakapuri, Hyderabad-35, AP, India 2Dept. of Nuclear Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-03, AP, India *Corresponding author U. V. S. Seshavatharam Email: Abstract: Based on the principle of conservation of energy and from the well known nuclear fusion and fission reactions it is possible to guess that, the E-CAT hidden energy may be in the form of binding of protons and neutrons of the Nickel, Hydrogen and Lithium atomic nuclei. In view of the recently developed compact 1MW E-CAT power plant designed by the Leonardo corporation, Nickel can certainly be considered as the ultimate substitute of Coal, Oil and Uranium in near future. Keywords: Cold Fusion, Low temperature nuclear reactions, E-CAT ( Energy Catalyze) INTRODUCTION With reference to the current [1-6] and old [7] physics in the near future. Andrea Rossi says: “one review reports, one can understand the current „golden gram of Nickel is equivalent to 5,00,000 liters of oil”. status‟ and old „Pathetic status‟ of Cold fusion or Low As there is no emission of the alpha, beta and gamma energy nuclear interactions (LENR). Since 1989 many radiation, as there is no emission of other gasses like scientists proposed many interesting proposals for SO2,CO2 etc, as Nickel is abundance is a high in the understanding the observed excess heat generation with earth core and as the technical risk of power generation various experimental setups[8-18].
    [Show full text]