FINAL EIANardave EMP Medium Irrigation REPORTProject Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report NardaveEME/CS/ MediumMID /2018-19/102 R00 Irrigation Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date Project 01/10/2018 Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra
Submitted To:
Executive Engineer Minor Irrigation Division, Oras - Sindhudurganagari Main Administrative Building, C-Wing, Block No- 312 Phone: 02362/228717 (Office) Fax -02362/228717 Water Resources Department Konkan Irrigation Development Corporation (KIDC) E-Mail- [email protected], [email protected]
Phone office 02362-244241 Email PreparedID - [email protected] By
MITCON Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd Agriculture College Campus, Next to D.I.C Office, Shivajinagar, Pune – 411005 Maharashtra Tel: +91-20-66289400 (Direct), 404, 406 Website:http://www.mitconindia.com
EME/CS/MID/2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018 Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune R01 Date 01/10/2018 NABET/EIA/ 1720 RA 0075 Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
INDEX
DECLARATION ...... i COMPLIANCE OF ALL TOR CONDITIONS ...... iii CHAPTER NO. 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Preamble ...... 1 1.2 Need for the Project & its Importance...... 2 1.3 Project Status ...... 2 1.4 Project Location ...... 3 1.5 Scope of the Study ...... 4 1.6 Approach and Methodology ...... 5 1.7 Environmental, Social Policy and Legal Framework ...... 8 CHAPTER NO. 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 10 2.1 Project Background ...... 10 2.2 Project site ...... 11 2.3 Brief Description and Nature of the Project ...... 11 2.3.1 Salient Features ...... 11 2.3.2 Components of the Project: ...... 15 2.3.3 Connectivity ...... 18 2.3.4 Land Form, Land use and Land ownership ...... 18 2.4 Alternative sites ...... 19 2.5 Geology of the Dam Site ...... 20 2.5.1 Spillway ...... 20 2.5.2 Tail channel ...... 21 2.5.3 Sub surface Exploration ...... 21 2.5.4 Percolation Test ...... 22 2.5.5 Geotechnical Investigation- Conclusion ...... 22 2.6 Hydrology and Water Planning ...... 23 2.6.1 Water Availability ...... 23 2.6.2 Water Planning ...... 29 2.7 Command Area ...... 32 2.8 Cropping Pattern ...... 34 2.9 Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R and R) Plan ...... 35 2.9.1 Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement: ...... 35 2.9.2 Present Position of Rehabilitation ...... 35 2.9.3 Status of completion of civic amenities is tabulated below ...... 35 2.10 Project Schedule & Cost Estimate ...... 36 2.11 Analysis of Proposal (Final Recommendations) ...... 36 CHAPTER NO. 3 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE STUDY...... 39 3.1 Introduction ...... 39 3.2 Study Area ...... 40 3.3 Environmental Parameters ...... 44 3.4 Meteorology ...... 45 3.5 Geological and Geophysical Study ...... 48 3.6 Seismic-Tectonic Appraisal of the Area ...... 48 3.7 Ambient Air Quality ...... 49 3.8 Ambient Noise Level ...... 52 3.9 Water Quality Study ...... 54
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune i
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
3.10 Soil Quality ...... 70 3.11 Ecology and Biodiversity ...... 80 3.11.1 Ephemeral Plant ...... 80 3.11.2 Phytosociological Study ...... 84 3.11.3 Vegetation survey in Command area ...... 95 3.11.4 Conclusion Vegetation Study ...... 97 3.11.5 Faunal Study ...... 100 3.11.6 Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary ...... 109 3.11.7 Wetland Ecology ...... 115 3.12 Land Use Land Cover Study ...... 127 3.12.1 Land Use and Land Cover Classification of 12 km buffer ...... 127 3.12.2 Land Use Land Cover Classification of the Catchment Area ...... 130 3.12.3 Land Use Land Cover Classification for Submergence Area ...... 132 3.12.4 Land Use Land Cover Classification for Command Area ...... 134 3.13 Socio Economic Environment ...... 140 CHAPTER NO. 4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 149 4.1 Identification of the Impacts...... 149 4.2 Impacts on Environment Resources ...... 150 4.2.1 Impact on Air Quality ...... 150 4.2.2 Impact on Noise Environment ...... 151 4.2.3 Impact on Water Resources ...... 152 4.2.4 Impact on Soil ...... 153 4.2.5 Impacts on Ecological Resources ...... 154 4.2.6 Land Use ...... 156 4.2.7 Impact on social and community structure ...... 156 4.2.8 Impact on Aesthetic Values ...... 157 4.3 Impact Assessment Methodology ...... 157 4.3.1 Methodology Adopted ...... 157 4.3.2 Matrix Method ...... 157 CHAPTER NO. 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ...... 159 5.1 Site Location ...... 159 5.2 Technology Used ...... 159 CHAPTER NO. 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM ...... 160 6.1 Introduction ...... 160 6.2 Monitoring Program (Construction /Operation) ...... 160 CHAPTER 7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES ...... 162 7.1 Public Consultation ...... 162 7.2 Dam Break Analysis and Emergency Action Plan ...... 162 CHAPTER 8 PROJECT BENEFITS ...... 163 8.1 Introduction ...... 163 8.2 Project Benefited villages ...... 163 8.3 Increase in Employment ...... 163 8.4 Economic Aspects ...... 163 CHAPTER 9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 165 9.1 Introduction ...... 165 9.2 Management during Dam & KT Weir Construction ...... 165 9.3 Management of Physical and Environmental Resources ...... 167
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune ii
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
9.3.1 Surface Water Hydrology ...... 167 9.3.2 Water Quality ...... 167 9.3.3 Ecology & Biodiversity ...... 168 9.4 Catchment Area Treatment (CAT) Plan ...... 169 9.4.1 Objects of Catchment Area Treatment Plan ...... 170 9.4.2 Methodology ...... 170 9.4.3 Status of the Project Catchment Area ...... 170 9.4.4 Estimation of Soil loss ...... 172 9.4.5 Proposed Catchment Area Treatment Plan ...... 172 9.5 Fishery Conservation and Management Plan ...... 173 9.6 Biodiversity and Wildlife Conservation & Management Plan ...... 176 9.6.1 Vegetation and Wildlife Management Plan ...... 176 9.6.2 Recommendations ...... 178 9.7 Green Belt Development Plan ...... 179 9.7.1 Greenbelt should be developed in the following areas: ...... 179 9.7.2 Greenbelt Development Program ...... 180 9.7.3 Plantation: ...... 180 9.7.4 Maintenance of the Plantation ...... 182 9.8 Rehabilitation and Resettlement Plan ...... 183 9.8.1 Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement: ...... 183 9.9 Sanitation and Solid Waste Management Plan ...... 189 9.10 Labor Management Plan for their Health and Safety ...... 189 9.11 Muck Management Plan ...... 191 9.12 Environment Flow ...... 194 9.13 Budgetary Allocation for Environment Management ...... 196 9.14 Corporate Environmental Responsibility ...... 196 CHAPTER 10 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ...... 199 CHAPTER 11. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT ...... 213 11.1 Background of the Organization ...... 213 11.2 Environmental Management and Engineering Division (EME) ...... 213 11.3 NABET Accreditation ...... 214 11.4 Key personnel’s engaged in preparation of EIA report ...... 215
TABLE
Table No.2.1. Salient Features of the Project ...... 11 Table No.2.2. Summarized lithology of drill holes along tail channel ...... 22 Table No.2.3. Rainfall Data of Rain gauge Station at Digavale (Tal- Kankawli, Dist. – Sindhudurg) ...... 27 Table No.2.4. Rainfall Data of Rain gauge Station at Shivdav (Tal- Bhudargad, Dist. – Kolhapur) ...... 28 Table No.2.5. Area Content Table ...... 31 Table No.2.6. Water Requirements by Modified Penman Method ...... 32 Table No.2.7. Taluka wise command area ...... 33 Table No.2.8. Taluka wise lists of benefited villages ...... 33 Table No.2.9. Gross, Culturable and Irrigable Command Area ...... 34
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune iii
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Table No.2.10.Existing & Proposed cropping pattern ...... 34 Table No.2.11.Estimated project cost along with analysis in terms of economic viability of the project ...... 36 Table No.3.1. Environmental Setting of the Study Area ...... 44 Table No.3.2. Environmental Parameters and Frequency of Monitoring ...... 44 Table No.3.3. The average annual rainfall observed to be 2464 mm ...... 46 Table No.3.4. Stratigraphic Information of the Sub basin ...... 48 Table No.3.5. Techniques Used for the Analysis of Ambient Air Quality Parameters ...... 50 Table No.3.6. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations ...... 51 Table No.3.7. Test Methods Used for Analysis of Ambient Air Parameter ...... 51 Table No.3.8. Results of Analysis of Ambient Air Parameter (µg/m3) ...... 51 Table No.3.9. Ambient Noise Level Monitoring Locations ...... 52 Table No.3.10.Test Methods Used for Ambient Noise Level Monitoring ...... 52 Table No.3.11.Ambient Air Quality standards in respect of Noise ...... 53 Table No.3.12.Results of Analysis of Ambient Noise Level data various locations ...... 53 Table No.3.13.Surface Water Sampling Locations ...... 54 Table No.3.14.Ground Water Sampling Locations ...... 54 Table No.3.15.Test Methods Used for Surface Water Parameter ...... 55 Table No.3.16.Test Methods Used for Ground Water Parameter...... 56 Table No.3.17.Physico-chemical Characteristics of Surface Water - Winter Season ...... 58 Table No.3.18.Physico-chemical Characteristics Surface Water - Summer Season ...... 61 Table No.3.19.Physico-chemical Characteristics Ground Water -Winter Season ...... 64 Table No.3.20.Physico-chemical Characteristics Ground Water - Summer Season ...... 67 Table No.3.21.Soil Sampling Locations ...... 70 Table No.3.22.Test Methods Used for Soil Quality Analysis ...... 71 Table No.3.23.Physico-chemical Characteristics of Soil in Winter ...... 73 Table No.3.24.Physico-chemical Characteristics of Soil - Summer ...... 76 Table No.3.25.List of Ephemeral Plant in Catchment area ...... 81 Table No.3.26.List of Ephemeral Plant in Submergence area ...... 82 Table No.3.27.List of Ephemeral Plant in Command area ...... 83 Table No.3.28.List of trees in the command area ...... 96 Table No.3.29.List of Amphibians and Reptiles in and around the Nardave project ...... 101 Table No.3.30.List of Mammals in and around the Nardave project ...... 101 Table No.3.31.Checklist of Butterflies in and around study area ...... 102 Table No.3.32.Checklist of Dragonflies and Damselflies in and around study area ...... 103 Table No.3.33.List of Birds in and around the Nardave Project ...... 105 Table No.3.34.Checklist of Mammals species in Radhanagari WLS, Kolhapur ...... 111 Table No.3.35.Checklist of Amphibian species in Radhanagari WLS, Kolhapur ...... 112 Table No.3.36.Checklist of Reptilian species in Radhanagari WLS, Kolhapur ...... 112 Table No.3.37.Checklist of Birds in Radhanagari WLS, Kolhapur (MH) India ...... 113 Table No.3.38.Algal genus Pollution Index (Palmer, 1969)...... 119 Table No.3.39.Enumeration of Phytoplankton in Gad River ...... 120 Table No.3.40.Phytoplankton Genera Recorded in Gad River ...... 121 Table No.3.41.Enumeration of Zooplankton in Gad River ...... 123 Table No.3.42.Zooplankton Genera Recorded in Gad River ...... 124
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune iv
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Table No.3.43.Benthic Fauna recorded at Gad River ...... 126 Table No.3.44.Area coverage for different land use and land cover forms...... 128 Table No.3.45.Area Statistics for the catchment area ...... 130 Table No.3.46.Area Statistics for the Submergence Area ...... 132 Table No.3.47.Area Statistics for the Command Area ...... 134 Table No.3.48.Demographic and Socio-economic Information of Project affected villages 140 Table No.3.49.Demographic and Socio-economic Information of Command Area ...... 142 Table No.4.1. Environmental Impacts of the Project...... 158 Table No. 6.1. Suggested Monitoring Programme ...... 161 Table No.9.1. Area Statistics for the catchment area ...... 171 Table No.9.2. List of Plant Species for Plantations ...... 181 Table No.9.3. For remaining 64.505 ha land present status ...... 183 Table No.9.4. Present Position of Rehabilitation ...... 184 Table No.9.5. Status of completion of civic amenities ...... 184 Table No.9.6. Village wise Status of R & R facilities ...... 184 Table No.9.7. Positive Performance Measure for Safety ...... 190 Table No.9.8. Detail of muck generated is given below ...... 191 Table No.9.9. The component wise detail of the muck likely to be generated ...... 191 Table No.9.10.Details of Material required for dam components, utilization of excavated material and material from borrow area...... 192 Table No.9.11.Year wise activity indicating the detail of plan and cost ...... 198 Table No.11.1.Experts engaged in the preparation of EIA EMP report ...... 215
FIGURE
Figure No. 1.1 Location Map ...... 4 Figure No. 2.1. Index Map ...... 17 Figure No. 3.1. Photographs showing Dam site ...... 40 Figure No. 3.2. Toposheet Showing 10 km radius from the Dam Site ...... 41 Figure No. 3.3. Google Image showing catchment, submergence and Command area of the project ...... 42 Figure No. 3.4. A map of boundary of the project site giving details of protected area in the vicinity of project location ...... 43 Figure No. 3.5. Wind Roses 0830 HRS & 1730 HRS (Year 1977-1995) ...... 47 Figure No. 3.6. Seismic Zone Map of India showing the project site ...... 49 Figure No. 3.7. Photographs showing Ambient Air Quality monitoring at Project site & Sangve Village ...... 50 Figure No. 3.8. Surface & Ground Water Sampling Location Map ...... 57 Figure No. 3.9. Soil Sampling Location Map ...... 72 Figure No. 3.10. Soil Drainage Map of Gad Basin ...... 79 Figure No. 3.11. Photographs of the Vegetation in the study area ...... 99 Figure No. 3.12. Photographs of the Butterfly and Dragonflies in study area ...... 104 Figure No. 3.13. Photographs of the Bird Diversity in the study area ...... 106 Figure No. 3.14. View of Gad River ...... 116 Figure No. 3.15. Collection of Plankton from various locations of the Gad River ...... 116
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune v
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Figure No. 3.16. Collection of Benthos from various locations of the Gad River ...... 126 Figure No. 3.17. Land use and land cover map of 12 km buffer ...... 129 Figure No. 3.18. Land use and land cover map of catchment area ...... 131 Figure No. 3.19. Land use and land cover map of Submergence area ...... 133 Figure No. 3.20. Land use and land cover map of command area ...... 135 Figure No. 3.21. Slope Map of Naradave Medium Irrigation Project ...... 136 Figure No. 3.22. Aspect map of Naradave Medium Irrigation Project ...... 137 Figure No. 3.23. DEM Map of Naradave Medium Irrigation Project ...... 138 Figure No. 3.24. Topographic Map ...... 139 Figure No. 3.25. Photographs of the project area...... 145 Figure No. 3.26. Photographs Showing Different riverine habitats ...... 147 Figure No. 9.1. Land use and land cover map of catchment area ...... 171 Figure No. 9.2. Photographs of Rehabilitation Villages - New Gaothans ...... 185 Figure No. 9.3. Mouje Sambhajinagar Rehabilation Gaothan ...... 187 Figure No. 9.4. Mouje Jambhavade Rehabilitation Gavthan ...... 188 Figure No. 9.5. Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Controls Methodology ...... 190 Figure No. 9.6. Proposed Quary map in the submergence area ...... 193
Annexure Annexure No. 1 ToR letter Annexure No. 2 Monthly weighted monsoon rainfall, Monthly weighted average & Monsoon Runoff Annexure No. 3 The advertisement, minutes of Public Hearing, photographs, its reply in tabular form Annexure No. 4 Dam Break Analysis ad Emergency Action Plan Annexure No. 5 Forest Clearance – Stage 1& Minutes of Meeting of standing committee National Board of Wildlife held on 21st January 2015
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune vi
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
DECLARATION
Declaration by Experts contributing to the preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment of Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra.
I, hereby, certify that I was a part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed the above EIA.
EIA Coordinator:
Name : Dr. Sandeep Jadhav
Signature & Date : 01.10.2018 Period of involvement : February 2017 to till date Contact information : MITCON Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd. Environment Management & Engineering Division Agriculture College Campus, Next to DIC office, Shivaji Nagar, Pune. 411 005, Maharashtra (India) Tel: 91-20-66289400 Fax No. +91-20-25521607 Email: [email protected]
Functional Area Experts
Sr. Name of Functional Involvement Signature No Expert Area (Period & Task**) 1. Dr. SC Soil study and data interpretation of Sandeep EB laboratory results. Impact predictions and Jadhav suggesting of mitigation measures Study of flora and fauna in the 10 km area/ Interpretation of observations, identification of impact and proposing mitigation measures, preparation of green belt development plan and formulation of EMP 2. Mr. EB Assiatance to EIA Coordinator Shrikant Asst. in WP Study of flora and fauna in the 10 km area/ Kakade & NV Interpretation of observations, identification of impact and proposing mitigation measures, preparation of green belt development plan and formulation of EMP. Study of water quality and observations, identification of impact, data interpretation and proposing mitigation measures
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune i
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Sr. Name of Functional Involvement Signature No Expert Area (Period & Task**) 3. Mr. Sanjay AP,WP Identification of air and water pollution Shevkar sources, emission generation, observations, identification of impact if any and proposing mitigation measures
4. Mr. Annat LU Study of present land use in the Study area Gadre and its interpritation
5. Mr. Aniket RH Study of identification of risk and hazard Taware assessment, observations, identification of impact if any and proposing mitigation measures. 6. Ms. AP AQ Study of waste generation and it sources, Hemangi observations, identification of impact, data Nalavade interpretation and proposing mitigation measures. 7. Mr. SE Data collection, interpretation and impact Ganesh assessment. Khamgal 8. Prof. Nitin GEO, HG Data collection, interpretation and impact Karmalkar assessment.
9. Mr. Nikhil Assist.in Data collection, interpretation and impact Chavan WP, AP, assessment. AQ
10. Mr. Sunil NV Data collection, interpretation and impact Natu assessment
Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organization I, Dr. Sandeep Jadhav (Executive Vice President & Head, EME Division) hereby, confirm that the above mentioned experts involved in Environmental Impact Assessment of Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra
I also confirm that I shall be fully accountable for any misleading information mentioned in this statement
Signature:
Name Dr. Sandeep Jadhav Designation Executive Vice President & Head, EME Division EIA Consultant Organization MITCON Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune ii
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
COMPLIANCE OF ALL TOR CONDITIONS
Letter No. J-12011/7/2017-IA-I (R) dated 10th October 2017
No. TOR Point Compliance 1 Scope of EIA Studies Baseline data collected for 3 seasons (Pre Monsoon, Monsoon and Winter Season) 2 Details of the Project and site Refer Chapter No. 2 Section 2.1 Project Background General introduction about the and Section 2.2 Project site Proposed Project Details of Project and site giving L Refer Annexure Annexure No. 4 Dam Break Analysis Sections of all U/S and D/S project ad Emergency Action Plan of river with all relevant maps and figures. Connect such information as to establish the total length of interference of Natural river, the total length of tunneling of the river and committed unrestricted release from the site of diversion into main river A map of boundary of the project Please refer Chapter No. 3 site giving details of protected area Figure No. 3.4 A map of boundary of the project site in the vicinity of project location giving details of protected area in the vicinity of project location Location details on Map of the Please refer Chapter No. 2 project area with contour Figure No. 2.1. Index Map indicating main project features. Chapter No. 3 The project layout shall be Figure No. 3.2. Toposheet Showing 10 km radius from superimposed on a contour map of the Dam Site ground elevation showing main Figure No. 3.3. Google Image showing catchment, project features submergence and Command area of the project Layout details and map of the Please refer Chapter No. 2 project along with contour with Figure No. 2.1. Index Map project components clearly marked Please refer Chapter No. 3 with proper scale maps of at least a Figure No. 3.21. DEM Map of Naradave Medium 1:50,000 scale and printed at on A3 Irrigation Project scale for clarity Existence of National park, Please refer Chapter No. 3 Sanctuary, Biosphere reserve etc. Figure No. 3.4 A map of boundary of the project site in the study area if any, should be giving details of protected area in the vicinity of detailed and presented on a map project location with distance from the project components Drainage pattern and map of the Please refer Chapter No. 3 river catchment up to proposed Figure No. 3.8. Soil Drainage Map of Gad Basin Project site Figure No. 3.22 Topographic Map Delineation of critically degraded Please refer Chapter No. 9 in the directly draining catchment Section 9.4 Catchment Area Treatment Plan on the basis of Silt Yield Index as
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune iii
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
No. TOR Point Compliance per methodology of all India Soil and Land use Survey of India. Soil Characteristics and map of the project area Geological and Seismo – tectonic Please refer Chapter No. 2 details and map of the area Section 2.5 Geology of the Dam Site surrounding the proposed project Please refer Chapter No. 3 site showing location of dam site Section 3.5 Geological and Geophysical Study and and powerhouse site Section 3.6 Seismic Tectonic Appr Seismic-Tectonic Appraisal of the Area Remote Sensing Studies, Please refer Chapter No. 3 Interpretation of satellite imagery, Section 3.12 Land Use Land Cover Study topographic sheets along with ground verification shall be used to develop the land use / land cover pattern of the study using overlaying mapping technique viz Geographic Information System, False Color Composite generated from satellite data of project area Land Details including forest, private and other land Demarcation of snow fed and rain - fed area for a realistic estimate of the water availability Different riverine habitats like Please refer Chapter No. 3 rapids, pools, side pools and Figure No. 3.24. Photographs Showing Different variation in the river substratum, riverine habitats bed rocks, boulders, sand / silt, or clay etc. need to be covered under the study 3 Description of Environment and Baseline data Catchment Area up to dam site Please refer Chapter No. 3 Submergence area Figure No. 3.1.Photographs showing Dam site Project area or the direct impact Figure No. 3.2.Toposheet Showing 10 km radius from area should comprise of area the Dam Site falling within 10 km radius from Figure No. 3.3. Google Image showing catchment, the periphery of the reservoir, land submergence and Command area of the coming under submergence and project area downstream of dam up to the point where Tail Race Tunnel (TRT) meets the river Downstream up to 10 km from tip of Tail Race Tunnel (TRT) FC application form has to be Please refer submitted by an early date to Annexure No. 5 Forest Clearance – Stage 1 appropriate authority but not later than 6 month from issue of ToR for
this project. 4 Details of Methodology Please refer Chapter No. 1
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune iv
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
No. TOR Point Compliance Section No. 6 Approcah and Methodology 5 Methodology for collection of Please refer Chapter No. 1 Biodiversity data Section No. 6 Approcah and Methodology 6 Components of the EIA Study A Physical and Chemical Environment Geological and Geophysical Please refer Chapter No. 3 Aspects and Seismic – Tectonics Section 3.5 Geological and Geophysical Study and Section 3.6 Seismic Tectonic Appr Seismic-Tectonic Appraisal of the Area Meteorology, Air and Noise Please refer Chapter No. 3 Section 3.4 Meteorology Section 3.7 Ambient Air Quality Section 3.8 Ambient Noise Level Soil Characteristics Please refer Chapter No. 3 Section 3.10 Soil Quality Remote Sensing and GIS Studies Please refer Chapter No. 3 Section 3.12 Land Use and Land Cover Study Water Quality Please refer Chapter No. 3 Section 3.9 B Water Environment and Please refer Chapter No. 2 Hydrology Section 2.6 Hydrology and Water Planning C Biological Environment Please refer Chapter No. 3 Section 3.11 Ecology and Biodiversity D Aquatic ecology Please refer Chapter No. 3 Section 3.11 Ecology and Biodiversity E Socio Economic Please refer Chapter No. 3 Section 3.13 Socio Economic Environment 7 Impact Prediction and Please refer Chapter No. 4 Mitigation Measures Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 8 Environment Management Please refer Chapter No. 9 Plans Environmental Management Plan i. Catchment Area Treatment Plan Section 9.4 Catchment Area Treatment Plan ii. Compensatory Afforestation Section 9.7 Green Belt Development Plan iii. Biodiversity and Wildlife Setcion 9.6 Biodiversity and Wildlife Management Conservation and management Plan Plan iv. Fisheries Conservation and Section 9.5 Fishery Management Plan Management Plan v. Resettlement and Rehabilitation Section 9.8 Rehabilitation and Resttlement Plan Plan vi. Green Belt Development Plan Section 9.7 Green Belt Development Plan vii. Reservoir Rim Treatment Plan Section 9.4 Catchment Area Treatment Plan viii. Muck Disposal Plan Section 9.11 Muck Management Plan ix. Restoration plan for Quarry Sites Section 9.11 Muck Management Plan and Landscaping x. Study of Design Earthquake Please refer Chapter No. 3 Parameter Section 3.6 Seismic-Tectonic Appraisal of the Area
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune v
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
No. TOR Point Compliance xi. Dam Break Analysis and Disaster Annexure No. 4 Dam Break Analysis ad Emergency Management Plan Action Plan xii. Water, Air and Noise Management Section 9.3Management of Physical and Plan Environmental Resources xiii. Public Health Delivery Plan xiv. Labor Management Plan Section 9.10 Labor Management Plan for their Health and Safety xv. Sanitation and Solid Waste Section 9.9 Sanitation and Solid Waste Management Management Plan Plan xvi. Local Area Development Plan Section 9.14 Corporate Environmental Responsibility xvii. Environment Safeguards during Please refer Chapter No. 4 Construction Activities including Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation road construction Measures xviii. Energy Conservation Measures - xix. Environmental Monitoring Please refer Chapter No. 6 Program Environmental Monitoring Program xx. A Summary of Cost Estimates Please refer Chapter No. 2 Section 2.10 Project Schedule and Cost Estimate Additional ToR 1 Till date 82 % of construction Noted activities have been completed and start of work has been taken up prior to 1994, therefore Ministry will take a separate call and may take appropriate decision to this effect as the construction was in progress till December 2016 2 Provision of minimum e-flow to be Please refer Chapter No. 9 maintained throughout the year Section 9.12 Environment Flow
3 Detailed information on species Please refer Chapter No. 3 composition in particular to fish Section 3.11.7Wetland Ecology species from any previous study / Fish literature should be included 4 Land acquired for the project shall Please refer Chapter No. 9 be suitably compensated in Section 9.8 Rehabilitation and Resttlement Plan accordance with the law of the land with prevailing guideline 5 A detailed Irrigation Management plan should be worked out so that at least 10 % of the CCA would be covered by micro Irrigation scheme 6 The issue of conjunctive irrigation may also be considered in the project right from formulation stage 7 Total power requirement to be Not Applicable provided and its firm linkage to be supported with document
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune vi
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
No. TOR Point Compliance 8 Solid Waste management should Please refer Chapter No. 9 be planned in details. Land filling Section 9.10 Sanitation and Solid Waste Management of the plastic waste shall be Plan avoided and instead of proposal for various uses may be proposed in the EMP report 9 Wildlife Clearance is to be NBWL Clearance recommend in 32nd Meeting of obtained from competent authority Stnding Committee of National Board for Wildlife as per the Wildlife (Protection) Act held on 21st January 2015 at Indira Paryavaran Bhavan, 1992 Jor Bag road, New Delhi Please refer Annexure No. 5 32nd Meeting of Stnding Committee of National Board for Wildlife 10 Wildlife Conservation Plan be Please refer Chapter No. 9 prepared for the area located within Setcion 9.6 Biodiversity and Wildlife Management the project and implemented by the Plan project proponent in consultation with the state forest department 11 Wildlife Conservation Plan also to Please refer Chapter No. 9 be prepared for the impacted area Setcion 9.6 Biodiversity and Wildlife Management due to construction of the project Plan outside the project area and implemented by local state forest department
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune vii
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
CHAPTER NO. 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Preamble
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project is being constructed on Gad River near village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg of Maharashtra state since 2001. The river Gad is west flowing river originating from Sahyadri Mountain and meeting in Arabian Sea near Malwan.
The Dam Site is about 25 Km from Kankavali town on Kankavali - Nardave State Highway No. 120. The Kankavali is situated on the Mumbai – Goa National Highway No: 17, which is 435 Km away From Mumbai. Site is also approachable by Konkan Railway and the Nearest Railway Station is Kankavali.
The Project envisages construction of an earthen dam having a maximum height of 66.43 m, with gated spillway on right flank and an ICPO on the left flank with gross storage capacity of 123.74 Mcum. The Project on its completion will irrigate 8084 ha (Cropped Area = 12530 ha) of land on both the banks of Gad river from 49 villages of Kankavli, Kudal and Malvan Taluka of Sindhudurg District. Irrigation proposed in the project is by lift irrigation for which a series of 14 no of K.T. weirs is provided along the river course to enable lifting of water for irrigation. The project also envisages a dam foot power house with generation capacity of 3.00 MW. Provision to the tune of 10.605 Mcum for domestic and 5.958 Mcum for industrial use is made. Other benefits of the projects are fisheries and tourism.
The original administrative approval for project vide letter no. (Marathi) MHD/1085/ (390/85)/WRI Dt.12.07.1989 for Rs. 3243.78 Lacks. (RSR 1986 -1987).
Revised administrative approval vide Marathi Govt. Order No. Naradave 2007/140/ (47/2007)- MPR Mantralay Bombay dated – 19’th JUL 2007. 1) Rs. 44670.76 lakhs. (As per D.S.R.05-06)
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project is being constructed under Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY)
The Project envisages construction of an earthen dam having a maximum height of 66.43 m, with gated spillway on right flank and an ICPO on the left flank with gross storage capacity of 123.74 Mcum.
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 1
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
1.2 Need for the Project & its Importance
The Konkan region is known for the heavy rainfall of above 3000 mm and ample amount of water, in rainy season. It is observed that due to poor irrigation facilities storm water in rainy season flows to the Arabian Sea and villages in the Konkan region face drought in summer.
Most of the population in project area is dependent on the agriculture produce. Provide adequate water supply for irrigation is the only way to improve the living standard of peoples in this area. The soil in the project area is fertile and capable for cash crops like Mango, coconut and Cashew etc. if sufficient and assured water is available. The climate is favorable for high yield crops such as Mango, coconut and oil palms. This proposed project will help to improve the agriculture and employment in the project area. The major crops in proposed project area are Rice, Nagli, some seasonal vegetables, Mango and Cashew only. There is no perennial irrigation found in project area. In the project area, not single well or bore well is used for irrigation.
There is a need of such type of project to improve the livelihood, enhance the income status of peoples. The proposed Naradave Medium Irrigation Project intends to irrigate 8084 ha land of 48 villages of Kankavli, Kudal and Malvan Taluka of Sindhudurg District.
1.3 Project Status
The Original Administrative approval for project vide letter no. (Marathi) MHD/1085 / (390/85) WRI Dt.12.07.1989 fro Rs. 3243.78 Lacks.
Revised administrative approval vide Marahi Govt Order No. Naradave 2007/140/(47/2007)-MP Mantralaya Bombay fated 19th Jul 2007 for Rs. 44670.76 Lakhs
Naradave Medium Irrigation Project is being included in Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) in year 2015-16 on priority III.
During 2001 to 2006 Dam work of the Project partially completed
ICPO & Spillway work are also partially completed
Out of 14 KT Weirs 11 were completed,
Land acquired 566.657 ha and balance land o be acquired 120.716 ha
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 2
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Rehabilitation work was 82 % completed up to Dec.2016
Initially application for Environment clearance submitted to EAC, MoEF&CC in 05/10/2011
MoEF&CC asked for forest clearance (letter No. J-12011/46/2011- I.A.I dated 19/12/2011)
Resubmitted for EC application on 27/09/2012.
Proposal was not considered by MoEF&CC due Western Ghat committee
Principal (Stage 1) Approved Vide MOEF & CC, Letter No. 6-MHC018/ 2011- BHO/1691 DT. 30/09/2014 (Stage II under Process).
Project recommended by SBWL committee in its meeting held on 20th Feb 2014.
Project recommended by standing committee National Board of Wildlife held on 21st January 2015 in view of public utility availability of the water in the lean season subject to completion of conditions of CWLW.
Reapplied for Environment clearance on dated 8/2/2017
Project was considered for ToR on 3rd Meetings of Hon. EAC - River Valley & Hydroelectric Projects (Item No. 3.5) dated 02/03/2017
ToR granted vide letter no. J-12011/7/2017-IA-I (R) dated 10th October 2017
The dam portion of Nardave Medium Irrigation Project has been 61.50% work of total dam is completed. 80% of ICPO completed, & 40% of Spillway work was completed, Out of 14 KT Weirs 11 were completed, Land acquisition work was 91% completed & rehabilitation work was 82% completed up to Dec.2016. The work is stopped from June 2012 for want of environmental and forest clearance. In principal approval to Forest proposal is received and final proposal is being submitted.
1.4 Project Location
Name of the Project Nardave Medium Irrigation Project, Tal- kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg, Maharashtra
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 3
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Scope of the scheme “Nardave” Medium Irrigation Project having instead of canals, series of K.T. weir are provided. Irrigable area of this project is 8084 Ha. Sources River Gad Location Topo sheet 47H/15, 16,11,12 Latitude 160-12’-00“ (N) Longitude 730-54’-0” (E) Figure No. 1.1 Location Map
1.5 Scope of the Study
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) of Naradave Medium Irrigation Project was carried out and mitigation measures have been suggested to minimize the identified environmental impacts. The EIA EMP report has been prepared as granted Terms of Reference (ToR) vide Letter No. J-12011/7/2017-IA-I (R) dated 10th October 2017.
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 4
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
1.6 Approach and Methodology
The Studies were carried as per guidelines of MoEF&CC, CPCB, and as per granted ToR. The primary data were collected for Ambient Air quality, Noise, Soil, Water, Ecology and biodiversity and socioeconomic aspects for the study area. Secondary data have been procured from various dept. of government and published research papers.
Collected primary and secondary data was reviewed and analyzed and incorporated in EIA EMP report.
Land Environment:
Topography of the project area was studied by using toposheets. Land use and land cover study was carried out based on satellite imagery and as per NRSA guidelines. The various maps like, Land Use map, Drainage Map, DEM have been prepared.
Representative soil samples were collected and analyzed from the study area. The parameters analyzed are Physical parameters viz. Soil, Texture, Percentage Of Different Components (Sand, Silt, Clay), Soil Moisture , Bulk Density, Water Holding Capacity, pH , Conductivity, Organic Carbon, Calcium (as Ca), Magnesium (as Mg), Available Nitrogen, Phosphorous (as P), Potassium (as K), Iron (as Fe), Zinc (as Zn), Copper (as Cu), Sodium, Manganese (as Mn), Total Chromium (as Cr), Nickel (as Ni), Cadmium (as Cd), Lead (as Pb), Sodium Adsorption Ratio etc.
Meteorology
Meteorological data consisting of temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, wind speed/ direction, obtained for nearest Vengurla IMD station.
Air Environment:
The ambient air quality monitoring were carried out in the study area. The sampling station location and number were selected based on upwind, downwind and crosswind directions. The monitoring was carried out as per CPCB/MoEF&CC guideline.
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 5
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Noise Environment:
Noise levels monitoring was carried out at various location within the study area. Ambient Noise Level monitoring at various location has been carried out as per standard guidelines of MoEF&CC and CPCB.
Water Environment:
Surface water sampling locations were selected based availability of water in river, lake/dam, natural stream/Nala etc. in the study area. Representative ground water samples were collected from dug well, Hand pump as well as bore well.
The following surface/ground water quality parameters were measured: Odour, pH at 25o C, Temperature , Electrical Conductivity at 25o C, Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Solids , Total Suspended Solids, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand ,
Dissolved Oxygen, Acidity as CaCO3, Total Alkalinity as CaCO3, Total Hardness as CaCO3,
Calcium as Ca, Magnesium as Mg, Chloride as Cl-, Sulphates as SO4, Nitrate as NO3,
Ammonical Nitrogen as NH4-N, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen as NH3-N, Nitrite as NO2, Fluoride as F , Total Phosphorous , Silica as SiO3, Phenol , Sodium as Na, Potassium as K, Hexavalent
Chromium (as Cr6+), Iron (as Fe), Copper (as Cu), Nickel as Ni, Zinc as Zn, Boron as B,
Carbonate as CaCO3, Bicarbonate as HCO3, Total Coliforms and Fecal Coliforms
The sampling and analysis were carried out as per guidelines of CPCB.
Ecology & Biodiversity:
The ecological study was carried out to understand the ‘state of health’ of the habitat and ecosystem such as degree of disturbance, presence of pollutants and nutrients. Type, location and characteristics of sensitive flora and fauna were studied. Studies on both terrestrial and aquatic ecology was carried out as follows:-
Vegetation of project area studied through primary and secondary data, published articles, and scientific publications etc. A checklist of flora and fauna was prepared by frequent visits to study area and vicinity. In the present study, fauna under different conservation status cited as per IUCN Red List and Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 6
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Phyto-sociological studies for vegetation was carried out at various locations. Quadrat studies were undertaken for analysis of abundance, density, frequency, species richness and diversity indices.
Phytoplankton, Zooplankton and Benthos studies were carried out at various locations. Shanon Weiner Diversity Index (SWI) for Phytoplankton & Zooplankton and Palmer Pollution Index (PPI) for phytoplankton were calculated
Demography & Socio-Economic Profile
Analysis & interpretation of Demography, Literacy, working & non-working population (Workers Categorization) based on Census 2011 data Project level public consultation (questionnaire & group discussion) has also been carried out and obtained their view of the projects.
ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Impacts on the environment due to proposed project activities are discussed in detail in this report. Identification and assessment was carried out on the basis of baseline conditions and project characteristics, positive and negative impacts during construction and operation phase.
Establishment of short term and long term impacts on sensitive areas such as habitat loss, sites/monuments of historical and cultural importance, and centers with concentrated pollution in the study area.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
Environmental Management Plans (EMP) were prepared to mitigate the estimated impacts for each ambient environmental receptor. The elaborated management plans were also proposed for mitigating the impacts on ambient air, noise, groundwater & soil conditions, aquatic & terrestrial ecology. EMP describes the requirements of institutional arrangements and capacity development trainings/programs for its implementation and verification
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 7
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
POST STUDY MONITORING PLAN
Monitoring plan of Environmental parameters as required by regulatory agencies is prepared. Suggestion given for necessary monitoring equipment and man power required to implement the monitoring plan.
1.7 Environmental, Social Policy and Legal Framework
In India the Environmental Protection Act (1986) acts as an umbrella empowering Government of India to protect and improve environmental quality, control and reduce pollution from all sources. As a part of EPA 1986, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) was made compulsory for assessing various developmental projects. Other acts like water act; air act also have certain obligations to fulfill.
Environmental Regulations
India has an elaborate legal framework with number of laws relating to environmental protection. Key national Acts for the prevention and control of industrial and urban pollution include the following:
Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1974, amended in 1988 Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act of 1977, amended in 1991 Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1981, amended in 1987 The Noise Pollution (Regulation And Control) Rules 2001 amendment 2002, 2006 Environment (Protection) Act of 1986 (EPA) National Environmental Tribunal Act of 1995 The Forest (Conservation) act 1980, amended 1988 The Maharashtra (Urban Areas) Protection And Preservation of Trees Act, 1975 ( As modified up to the 1st January, 2016) The Wildlife Protection Act 1972, Amendment, 2002 The Biological Diversity Act 2002 Ozone depleting substances regulation and control rules 2000 The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act 2013 EIA Notification dated 14th September, 2006 and its sub sequent amendments
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 8
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
The land Acquisition Act, 1894 Maharashtra Project Affected Persons Rehabilitation Act, 1999 Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013
In addition to the above mentioned acts and rules, some of the rules which are of importance in context with this assignment include –
The Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001 & amendment rules 2010 The Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical (Amendment) Rules, 2000 Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Trans boundary Movement) Rules, 2016 Dangerous Goods (Classification, Packaging and Labelling) Rules, 2013 Plastic Waste Management & Handling Rules 2016 Plastic Waste (M &H)Rules, 2011 Plastic Waste (M&H)Amendment Rules, 2011 Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 E-Waste Management Rules 2016 E-Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2011 Minimum Wages Act, 1948 Contract Labour Act, 1970 Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act 1996 along with Rules, 1988 Children (Pledging of Labour) Act, 1933 (as amended in 2002) Fire Safety Act, 2002 Disaster Management Act, 2005
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 9
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
CHAPTER NO. 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 Project Background
The Konkan region is known for the heavy rainfall and ample amount of water, in rainy season. The rainfall in the area is +3000 mm. It is observed that due to poor irrigation facilities storm water in rainy season flows to the Arabian Sea and villages in the Konkan region face drought in summer.
Although, the climatic conditions and soil type supports and helps grow number of economic crops, lack of adequate irrigation facilities has curtailed agricultural activities in the region.
This has promoted Water Resource Department of Government of Maharashtra Enterprise, Konkan Irrigation Development Corporation to propose a Dam project so as to make water available to some of the area in Kankavali, Kudal and Malvan taluka in Sinhdudhurg district. One of the main objectives of the Konkan Irrigation Development Corporation (KIDC) is to provide adequate water for irrigation.
The original estimated cost of the project approved vide letter No. (Marathi) MHD/1085/(390/85)/WRI Dt.12.07.1989 for Rs. 3243.78 Lacks.( RSR 1986 -1987).
The first revised estimate as per RSR 1993-94 was approved for Rs.10298.204 lacks vide GR No. (Marathi) MHD/1096/ (70/96) MP Dt.17.11.1997); the estimated cost is again revised to Rs.18990.676 lacks (RSR 1997-1998) and IInd revised Administrative approval is accorded by Government of Maharashtra vide letter No. (Marathi) MHD/1099/67/(16/99) MP Dt.22.04.1999 .The estimated cost is again revised to Rs 44670.769 lakh (RSR 2005-06) and third revised administrative approval is accorded by Government of Maharashtra vide letter No. Marathi 2007/140(47/2007)- MP, Date-19/07/07
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 10
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
There is strong demand from farmers in this area for assured water supply to irrigate their crops.
2.2 Project site
The Dam Site is about 25 Km from Kankavali town on Kankavali - Nardave State Highway No. 120. The Kankavali is situated on the Mumbai – Goa National Highway No. 17, which is 435 Km away from Mumbai. Site is also approachable by Konkan Railway and the Nearest Railway Station is Kankavali.
2.3 Brief Description and Nature of the Project
2.3.1 Salient Features
Table No.2.1. Salient Features of the Project
Sr. Particulars Details No. 1 Name of the Project Nardave Medium Irrigation Project, Tal- Kankavali, Dist - Sindhudurg 2 Scope of the scheme Nardave Medium Irrigation Project having instead of canals, series of K.T. weir are provided. Irrigable area of this project is 8084 Ha. 3 Sources River Gad 4 Location Topo sheet 47H/11,12,15, 16 Latitude 160-12’-00“(N) Longitude 730-54’-0”(E) State Maharashtra Region Konkan District Sindhudurg Taluka Kankavali 5 Upstream utilization Nil 6 Yield &utilization of project a) Catchment area 47.70 sq.km. (18.53 sq miles ) b) Average rainfall 4450.10 mm. c) 75 % Dependable yield 126.60 Mcum. d) Utilization proposed 121.78Mcum. 7 Dam & Reservoir a) Gross capacity of storage 123.74 Mcum b) Live storage 119.16 Mcum c) Dead storage 4.58 Mcum 8 Relevant levels a) River Bed R.L. 127.17 M
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 11
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Sr. Particulars Details No. b) Outlet sill level 144.30 M c) M.D.D.L.R.L. 146.80 M d) Full Reservoir level R.L. 190.00 M e) M.W.L. 190.60 M f) Top of Dam R.L. 193.60 M g) Spillway crest R.L. 185 M 9 Submergence. a) Submergence 356.352 Ha. b) No. of villages under Jambhalgaon submergence Nardave. Yavteshvar. Bhairavgaon Durganagar c) No. of Houses under Village No.of Houses. Submergence Jambhalgaon 249 Nardave 327 Yavteshvar 56 Bhairavgaon 99 Durganagar 236 Total 967 d) No. of Souls affected 3849 10 Type of Dam a) Type Earthen Dam with Gated spillway b) Maximum height of dam 66.43 Mtrs above river bed c) Length of Dam. =1790 M (total= earthen dam + Spillway) i) Earthen Dam. (R.D.-30 M to 1479.5 M & 1505 M ii) Masonary Dam to1740M) Total = 1749 M =(R.D 1479.5 M to1520.5 M) Total = 41.00 M d) Total quantity of earth work 136.11 lakh cum e) Total quantity of concrete 0.53 lakh cum works f) Total quantity of excavation Soft Strata 1.78 lakh cum Hard rock 0.20 lakh cum TOTAL 1.98 lakh cum 11 Waste weir a) Length of the waste weir 41.00 Mtr. (Including both side pier) b) Type Gated c) Flood depth 0.60 M. d) Free Board 3.00 M. e) Design flood discharge 1504 cumecs g) Spillway Gates 12 M x 5 M = 3 Nos.
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 12
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Sr. Particulars Details No. 12 Outlet (Power) a) Location RD 70 M b) Full supply discharge 7.66 cumecs
13. Canals – instead of canals series of K.T. weirs are provided
Sr. Name of Name of Chainage Length storage in No. Valley K.T. weir in M TM cum 1 Nardave 1100 M 52 0.028 2 Jambhavade 2850 M 64 0.034 3 Kupavade 5 970 M 112 0.054 4 Digavale 8510 M 91 0.202 5 Pangamwadi 11100 M 110 0.168 6 Dariste 12250 M 91 0.191 Gad River 7 Sangave 15400 M 91 0.491 Valley 8 Shivdav 17430 M. 110 0.511 Basin 9 Chichalwadi 1 8 8 70 M. 85 0.191 10 Shekhwadi 21870 M. 115 0.473 11 Harkul bru. 23370 M. 103 0.337 12 Halwal 25350 M. 118 0.472 13 Kankavali 27350.M 112 0.498 14 Ramgad 38850 M 125 0.546
14 Irrigable Area 8084 Ha a) Taluka benefited & village Taluka - Kankavali -30 villages. Benefited. Taluka - Kudal -08 villages Taluka - Malvan -10 villages Total -48 villages 15 (a) Proposed crop pattern Crop % age 1. Perennial i) Coconut 15 ii) With Black Pepper - (Inter Crop) iii) Mango 30 45 2. Kharif i) Kh Paddy 46 ii) Vegetable 09 55 3. Rabbi (Follow on crops) i) Rabi paddy 07 ii) Rabbi Vegetable 15 iii) H W Pulses 13 iv) H W Ground nut 05 vii) Chilies Two 15 seasonal 55 Total 155
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 13
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
(b) Existing crop pattern i) Paddy 42 iii) Warai/Nagali 12 iii) Pulses 08 iv) Seams 01 iv) Fruits 02 v) Grass 03 vi) Culturable 32 Total 100 16 Cost of the Project 1) Rs. 44670.76 lakhs. ( Third Revised) ( As per D.S.R.05-06) Third Administrative approval vide Marathi Govt. Order No. Naradave 2007/140/(47/2007)- MPR Mantralay Bombay dated – 19’th JUL 2007 (2) Latest Revised Amount Rs.1084.00 Crore (As per D.S.R. 2016-2017 ( Under Finalization) a) Cost of the Project ( 3243.78 lakhs Original ) (As per DSR 1986-1987) b) Cost of the Project (I st 10298.20 lakhs Revised) (As per DSR 1993-94) c) Cost of the Project (II nd 18990.67 lakhs Revised) (As per DSR 1997-1998) 17 Cost per unit of Rs 5.526 Lakh / Ha i) Irrigable area 18 Cost per unit of storage Gross storage/Mcum Rs. 361.005 Lakh/Mcum 19 Benefit cost ratio Irrigation 1.54 20 Percentage of submergence to 4.40 % irrigable area. 21 Percentage of annual 96.19 % utilization to 75 % Dependable yield
Dam Site
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 14
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
2.3.2 Components of the Project:
The major components of the project as being executed are as follows.
(I) Earthen Dam: Earthen Dam is proposed in a length of 1749 m and its maximum height and top width are 66.43 m and 6.50 m respectively. Nearly 61.50% of earth work is completed. Earthwork between RD 330 m to 702 m is completed up to RL 174.00m, RD 880 m to 1170 m is completed up to RL 175.00 m and between RD 60 m to 150 m is completed up to RL 155.00 m (Designed TBL is 193.60 m).
(II) Spillway: A cement concrete spillway having a length of 41 m. is proposed in the right flank. The spillway will have 3 No’s of Radial Gates of Size 12 X 5 m and approach channel, stilling basin and tail channel. Excavation for foundation of spillway and stilling basin up to designed level is nearing to completion. Falls are proposed in tail channel for energy dissipation construction of which are in progress. Nearly 40% work of spillway is completed.
(III) Irrigation cum Power Outlet:
Irrigation cum Power Outlet is proposed on left flank at RD 70 m with discharging capacity of 7.66 cumecs and a dam foot power house having generation capacity of 3.00 MW. Generating units proposed under this project are 13.45 million units. Excavation excluding approach channel is completed. Construction of penstock for entire length as per design is completed. Construction of dry well up to RL 157.00 m is completed. 80% work of ICPO is completed.
Work of power generation is entrusted to Laksh Power Private Limited, Mumbai on B. O. T. Same work is under supervision of Hydro Division.
(IV) K.T. Weirs:
Due to hilly nature of the country, canals are not economical. Hence in such hilly terrain, storage is built up behind series of KT weirs from where water is lifted for irrigation domestic and industrial use by individual beneficiaries or by formation of co-operative societies. Such schemes will have their own distribution system in the form of minors and field channels and need no special elaboration. The government will not incur any expenditure on lift schemes.
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 15
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
A series of 14 K.T. Weirs is proposed along the river course of Gad river to enable lifting of water for irrigating irrigable command area to the tune of 8084 ha (Cropped Area 12530 ha.) Out of 14 K.T. Weirs 11 Nos. of K.T. Weirs are completed so far and irrigation potential and its utilization to the tune of 757 ha against 8084 ha is achieved on post monsoon flow only, up to Dec 2016. Provision to the tune of 10.605 Mcum for domestic and 5.958 Mcum for industrial use is made. Other benefits of the project are fisheries and tourism
K.T. Weir No. 1 K.T. Weir No. 3
K.T. Weir at Kankavali
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 16
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Figure No. 2.1. Index Map
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 17
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
2.3.3 Connectivity
The Dam Site is about 25 Km from Kankavali town on Kankavali - Nardave State Highway No.120. The Kankavali is situated on the Mumbai – Goa National Highway No: 17, which is 435 Km away From Mumbai. Site is also approachable by Konkan Railway and the Nearest Railway Station is Kankavali.
1 Location 35 Km from District Place Sindhudurg 25 Km from Taluka Place Kankavali 1 Km from nearest Village Naradave 2 Nearest Railway Station Kankavali Railway Station (25 km) 3 Nearest Airport Goa Airport 95 km Chipi-Parule, Sindhudurg district 40 km 4 Nearest Petrol and Diesel Pump At. Kankavali at 25 Km. from work site
2.3.4 Land Form, Land use and Land ownership
For construction of earthen dam and its allied works, total 631.162 Ha land is required for submergence, dam seat, tail channel, alternative roads, which incorporates 585.772 ha Private Land, 11.25 ha Govt. Land and 34.14 ha Identified Forest Land.
Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement:
For construction of earthen dam and its allied works, total 631.162 Ha land is required for submergence, dam seat, tail channel, alternative roads & other allied works which incorporates 585.772 ha Private Land, 11.25 ha Govt. Land and 34.14 ha Identified Forest Land. Out of this total 631.162 ha land acquisition procedure for 566.657 ha is completed and it is in possession of Water Resources Department. For remaining 64.505 ha land bifurcation is as under.
For remaining 64.505 ha land bifurcation is as under
Sr. Component Type Acquired Land Remaining No. in hector land in hector 1 Dam, Submergence, Private Land 566.657 19.115 dam seat, tail channel, Govt. Land 00 11.25 alternative roads & Identified Forest Land 00 34.14 other allied works
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 18
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
As per scheduled programme for the year 2016-17 area required for the construction of main dam, waste weir, ICPO and other related ancillary works, is in possession of Water Resources department. Hence there is no any bottleneck for construction of main dam and other ancillary works during the year 2016-17 as per scheduled programme. Remaining land required is mainly for submergence of dam and land acquisition proposals for the same are well in progress. There are five villages coming under submergence and are to be rehabilitated before impounding. There are 967 no. of families are proposed to be rehabilitated in three new gaothans with 18 civic amenities.
Present Position of Rehabilitation is as below
Sr. Details of Villages Affected Details of Rehabilitation Villages No. Affected Population No of Name of new Present position Village Families Gaothan Land of Creation of civic Gaothan amenities 1 Durganagar 881 236 Jambhavade Acquired 40% completed 2 Nardave 1240 327 Digawale Acquired 90% completed 3 Bhairavgaon 426 99 4 Yawateshwar 402 56 Sangve Acquired 90% completed 5 Jambhalgaon 3229 249 Total 3849 967
Status of completion of civic amenities is tabulated below
Sr. Name of % age completion Total no. of PAFs/ No. Village of civic amenities PAPs Affected 1 Digawale 90 262 2 Jambhavade 60 260 3 Sangave 85 445 967
2.4 Alternative sites
The geological investigation of this project site were carried out earlier by Shrii R.B. Bansode (1979), and Shri J.S. Rawat (1980) of Engineering Geological Division of Geological Survey of India, Nagpur. From this investigations it was suggested to study the alternative dam sites as the investigated are not having suitable foundation grade rock for waste weir and COT. The alternative dam alignments explored but found to be of same nature at sub grade.
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 19
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Therefore original alignment was freshly further explored upto fresh hard rock. The positive cut off for earthen dam and waste weir foundation on this deep fresh rock are proposed.
2.5 Geology of the Dam Site
The dam site is occupied by the Quartz mica schist of Dharwar Supper group, Infratrappean bed and basalt flows. Intermittent outcrops of Deccan basalt and reddish soil cover the dam site area. However, at six to seven meter thick highly weathered basalt / slope wash material is noticed. The infratrappean lies below the trap. The infratrappean consist of soft and friable sandstone and at places conglomerates. The thickness of infratrappean ranges from ten to twelve meter between RL 150 m to RL 162 m (Apporx) along the rim of the reservoir. The quartz mica schist strikes N400 W-S 400 E and dips 650 towards NE. the highly to moderately weathered quartz mica schist of Dharwar Supper Group is present at the base of infratrappean.
The stratigraphic sequence at the dam site is as under
Soil (insitu and transported) Deccan trap weathered basalt (Cretaceous) Fresh Basalt Infratrappeans Weathered sand dust stone / shale (Proterozoic) Conglomerate / sandstone Intrusive Basic dyke (Pre – Cretaceous) Dharwars Weathered metasediments Fresh metasediments
2.5.1 Spillway
A 41m long and 55m wide masonry spillway with three gates (12m x 5m size) planned between RD C/L 1500 m and RD C/L 1541 m on the right flank of the dam axis. The dam axis trends N 670 E – S670 W. The crest of the ogee spillway has been designed at RL 178.40 m and FRL at 183.40 m. In spillway three stilling basins, and one baffle block arrangements has been made for energy dissipation. The first stilling basin has been designed at the base of the masonry structure, second at RD 440 m and third has been planned at RD 900 m for energy dissipation. The baffle arrangement has been made at RD 475 m.
The RD is marked from the center of spillway taking RD 0.00 m on dam axis at 1500 m. The spillway area is occupied by intermittent outcrops of Deccan basalt with thin cover of reddish
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 20
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018 soil. The basalt is grey, fine grained, sparsely to moderately weathered, hard and compact. Three sets of joints have been noticed. The subsurface data at RD C/L1500 m on dam axis shows that from RL 168 m to 1RL 176 m (5 to8m) dense basalt is available for spillway structure. Towards the downstream of the spillway structure, the basalt is thinning and around 440m Deccan basalt, infratrappean and Quartz mica schist have been exposed with thin cover of reddish soil and boulders of basalt.
The reservoir exposes soft infratrappean and highly weathered quartz mica schist at upstream slope ridge and some stretches of rim in the reservoir, which may cause water seepage and pipe erosion. Proper treatment may be considered for the spillway structure. Percolation test and comprehensive strength data of the infratrappean rock are very essential before design of the spillway structure / any structure.
2.5.2 Tail channel
The tail channel area is occupied by highly weathered to moderately weathered quartz mica schist of Dharwar Super Group. On the right bank of the tail channel the thin beds of infratrappean rock are found below reddish soil, boulders, cobbles and pebbles of the basalt. The surface / floor of the tail channel is occupied by the intermittent outcrops of highly to moderately weathered quartz mica schist. The quartz mica schist strikes N400 W- S 400 E and dips 650 towards NE. The right bank hill slope is 400 to 450. It is covered with slope wash material, followed by highly to moderately weathered quartz mica schist. However at places infratrappean are present below the slopes with materials.
On the left bank, the slope varies from 100 to 120. The slope covered by highly weathered to moderately weathered quartz mica schist. The tail channel floor is covered by highly to moderately weathered mica schist with alluvium.
2.5.3 Sub surface Exploration
Total eight drill holes have been drilled along the tail channel site and aggregating core length of 108.50m has been logged. The sub surface data revealed that the thickness of overburden ranges from 6.00m to 9.00m the minimum thickness of overburden 6.00m is marked at borehole located at RD 1380m. The maximum thickness of 9.00m is present in three boreholes located at RD 540m, 640m and 1140m D/S. The thickness of weathered quartz
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 21
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
mica schist ranges from 0.30 m to 3.50m. The minimum thickness at RD 840 m. The fresh rock levels are at shallow depth. The summarized lithology of drill holes along tail channel are as below.
Table No.2.2. Summarized lithology of drill holes along tail channel
Sr. Location Ground Depth Over burden Weathered Fresh Rock No. Level (m) (m) (m) Rock (m) Level (m) 1 CH. 440 m 141.60 10.00 6.5 (135.10) 1.00 (134.10) 7.50 (134.10) 2 CH. 540 m 141.33 15.00 9.00 (132.33) 1.00 (131.33) 10.00 (131.33) 3 CH. 640 m 141.19 15.00 9.00 (132.19) 1.50 (130.69) 10.50 (130.69) 4 CH. 740 m 143.545 14.50 8.50 (135.045) 0.30 (134.45) 8.80 (134.45) 5 CH. 840 m 141.745 13.00 7.00 (134.74) 3.50 (131.245) 10.50 (131.245) 6 CH. 960 m 137.925 14.00 8.5 (129.425) 1.50 (127.925) 10.00 (127.925) 7 CH. 1140 m 127.395 15.00 9.00(1 18.375) 1.50 (119.90) 10.50 (119.90) 8 CH. 1380 m 124.405 12.00 6.00 (135.1) 1.6 (116.90) 7.60 (116.90)
2.5.4 Percolation Test
Percolation test have been conducted in the drill holes by double packer method in section of 1.50 m length from bottom to top of the holes in general. The computed values are marginally higher than the permissible limit of 5 Lugeons and do not appear to be matter of serious concern. However, the values are more than 5 Lugeons at boreholes located RD 50m and RD 1380m as the test were carried out in moderately weathered quartz mica schist and at RD 960m in the quartz vein.
2.5.5 Geotechnical Investigation- Conclusion
The geotechnical investigation involved mapping of 1250 m length of cut off trench excavation, development of cross sections through the dam, spill way and ICPO sites based on surface and subsurface data, drill core logging of these holes and examination of construction sites. A fairly persistent lithological sequence comprising fresh and weathered Dharwarian metasediments, Infratrappeans and Deccan basalt with insitu and transported soil cover was generally found.
The lithounits, except the sleepy dipping Dharwarian rocks, commonly show near horizontal disposition. The quartz mica schist (Dharwar) is hard and compact. Infratrapean overlying these are semi pervious and to have potential for erosion under reservoir head and drawdown
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 22
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018 conditions. Fresh, hard and compact basalt occurs over the infratrappeans followed by partly weathered basalt. Bouldery soil derived from weathering of basalt, often occurs over the rocks alluvial soil and slope wash are also found.
The C.O.T. is excavated down to 2 m into fresh, compact and hard quartz mica schist, between RD 490 m and 82 m on the left flank and RD35 m to 85 m on the left flank to provide a positive cut off below the earthen dam. In this stretch six faults are mapped at 728.00m, 759.00m, 762.5m, 766m, 722.5m and 787.5m. All the faults strike N 700 – 850 W-S700-850E but the dip varies. The first four dip towards NE while last two faults dip towards SW. the faults show horst and graben structure. The displacement observed at the conglomerate bed were measured on both the walls of C.O.T. The displacements were 4m, 1m, 0.75m, 0.75m, 2m and 1m respectively. The 6.5m long stretch from RD 725m to RD790m was found to be very susptible to seepage through the foundation as six number of faults are passing from upstream to downstream may be treated against seepage.
Reference /Source:
1. R.G. Sinha (Geologist Sr.) (2002), Progress report on construction stage investigation on Naradave (Mahamadwadi) Irrigation Project, Sindhudurg District, Maharashtra, Engineering Geology Division-II, Pune, Geological Survey of India, Government of India, September 2002.
2. V.P. Sable (Geologist Sr.) (2005), A Progress report on construction stage Geological investigation along the tail channel of Naradave (Mahamadwadi) Irrigation Project, Sindhudurg District, Maharashtra, Engineering Geology Division-II, Pune, Geological Survey of India, Government of India, June 2005.
2.6 Hydrology and Water Planning
2.6.1 Water Availability
Catchment Area
The river Gad Originates from Sahyadri Mountains ranges. The catchment area of proposed dam is 47.70Sq.km. The slope of the catchment area is palm shaped surrounded by hill ranges with steep slope. The catchment area is good thick forest and vegetation. The catchment
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 23
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
area lies in the heavy rainfall zone in range of 5588 mm to 6350 mm based on the isohytal map prepared by IMD for west flowing rivers. The catchment area of the project is good not degraded.
This river Originates mainly with three Nallas and number of small Nallas. The Catchment is surrounded with steep slopes and is covered with thick to moderately tik forest and vegetation with good drainage and water.
The entire valley up to dam site is covered with overburden of soil, murum and boulders. The river Gad flows towards west and meets Arabian Sea near villages Revandi in Malvan Taluka.
The total catchment area of the proposed project is 47.70 Sq.km. The slope of catchment is of palm shaped surrounded by mountain ranges with steep slopes.
The catchment area lies in heavy rainfall zone in range of 5588 mm to 6350 mm based on the Isohytetal map prepared by Indian meteorological department for west flowing rivers.
Yield at Project Site
To calculate the yield at Nardave Medium project site, the monthly R.R correlations are established at Shivdav G.D. site using data.
Monthly regression equations at Shivdav G.D. site are as below
June Y6 = 0.01193 * X6 Ø 1.67552 R = 0.78 July Y7 = 0.29384 * X7 Ø 1.165427 R = 0.84 August Y8 = 1.34736 * X8 Ø 0.885795 R = 0.88 September Y9 = 1.55176 * X9 Ø 0.802753 R = 0.91 October Y10 = 0.21857 * X9 + 0.2716* X10 + 4.80042 R = 0.81 Where x and y are in cm.
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 24
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
There are four rain gauge station in and around the catchment area of the Nardave dam site. Instead of Digavale station, Naradave station is used as it is located near dam site having more influencing area. (Note: Rainfall data of Nardave station for the period 1973 to 1989 is generated from rainfall data of Digavale station).
Using above R.R Equations and monthly weighted average monsoon rainfall at Nardave dam site for the period from 1973 to 2007, the 35 years annual yield series is calculated at project site. Annual yield at project site is calculated as below.
i. 100% dependable annual yield including P.M. flow - 90.60 Mcum ii. 75 % dependable annual yield including P.M. flow - 125.80 Mcum iii. Upstream utilization - Nil iv. Net annual yield at 75 %dependability (ii-iii) - 125.80 Mcum
Water availability in basin / sub basin as per tribunal / interstate agreement / master plan / GoM guidelines
i. Yield available in Gad sub basin : 1542.00 Mcum ii. Sanctioned water utilization : 191.43 Mcum (Excluding originally approved Nardave Project)
Yield in sub basin
i. Yield available in Gad sub basin : 1542.00 Mcum ii. Sanctioned water utilization : 191.43 Mcum iii. Utilization of Projects as per certificates issued by Hydrology Project : 13.858 Mcum iv. Total utilization (ii+iii) : 205.288 Mcum v. Net balance water available (i+iv) : 1336.712 Mcum
Effect of Proposed project on downstream project: There is no existing project on downstream of Nardave Medium Project.
Conclusion
The study concludes the following
1 Water balance in Gad basin is 1336.712 Mcum
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 25
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
2 Yield available at Nardave Medium Project at 75 % dependability is 125.80 Mcum as against the demand of 121.78 Mcum 3 Yield available at Nardave Medium Project at 100 % dependability is 90.60 Mcum which meets the requirement of domestic water supply and industrial use.
Please refer Annexure No. 2
Monthly weighted monsoon rainfall & Monthly weighted average rainfall at Shivdav river gauging site for the month of June, July, August, September, October
Verging observed runoff at Shivdav river gauging site in monsoon months
Monthly R & R correlation developed at Shivdav river gauging site for the month of June, July, August, September, and October
Annual yield series at Naradave Medium Project for the period from 1973 to 2007
Monsson runoff at Naradave Medium Project for the period from 1973 to 2007
Rainfall
The rainfall is generally confined to the southwest monsoon and its period is from June to September in each year. The rainfall is aerographic and not uniform. The rainfall is higher order in the mountain ranges and reduces as it approaches the dam site. The precipitation is more intense in July and August months. There is a rainfall station established at Digavle village, in the command area on downstream of the dam site on the right flank of the river area which has been in operation since 1966.
The average annual yield has been calculated by adopting the Inglis’s formula for Ghat Catchment, by using average rainfall data at 75% Dependability and tabulated as below.
Sr. No. Particulars 75% dependability Mcum TMC 1 By Isohytal method 177.02 6.25 2 Rain gauge Station at Digavale 133.29 4.71 3 Rain gauge station at Patgaon 163.05 5.76
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Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Table No.2.3. Rainfall Data of Rain gauge Station at Digavale (Tal- Kankawli, Dist. – Sindhudurg) Sr. Year Rainfall in mm Year Rainfall in mm Remark No. (Chronological order (Chronological order 1. 1966 8089.4 1967 8866.1 2. 1967 8866.1 1976 8728.7 3. 1968 3154.1 1966 8089.4 4. 1969 3987.3 1975 6126.1 5. 1970 5388.2 1979 5827.8 6. 1971 4063.6 1970 5388.2 7. 1972 2351 1980 4908.7 8. 1973 4529.8 1998 4891.3 9. 1974 4759 1974 4759.0 10. 1975 6126.1 1978 4688.8 11. 1976 8728.7 1977 4628.7 12. 1977 4628.7 1994 4610.7 13. 1978 4688.8 1973 4529.8
14. 1979 5827.8 1981 4524.4
15. 1980 4908.7 1985 4421.7
16. 1981 4524.4 1990 4366.0 75% 17. 1982 4174.6 1988 4304.2 dependable 18. 1983 3952.5 1997 4299.6 rainfall 19. 1984 3843.5 1993 4255.8 20. 1985 4421.7 1982 4174.6 21. 1986 3171.3 2005 4155.5 22. 1987 3267.4 1999 4105.8 23. 1988 4304.2 2000 4095.8 24. 1989 3551.7 1971 4063.6 25. 1990 4366 1969 3987.3 26. 1991 3838.4 1983 3952.5 27. 1992 3141.2 1996 3916.8 28. 1993 4255.8 1984 3843.5 29. 1994 4610.7 1991 3838.4 30. 1995 3646.1 1995 3646.1 31. 1996 3916.8 2004 3586.6 32. 1997 4299.6 1989 3551.7 33. 1998 4891.3 2002 3491.8 34. 1999 4105.8 1987 3267.4 35. 2000 4095.8 2003 3192.8 36. 2001 3101.2 1986 3171.3 37. 2002 3491.8 1968 3154.1 38. 2003 3192.8 1992 3141.2 39. 2004 3586.8 2001 3101.2 40. 2005 4155.5 1972 2351.0
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 27
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Table No.2.4. Rainfall Data of Rain gauge Station at Shivdav (Tal- Bhudargad, Dist. – Kolhapur)
Sr. Year Rainfall in mm Year Rainfall in mm Remark No. (Chronological order (Chronological order 1. 1967 5193.0 1990 6440.0 2. 1968 4407.0 1994 6300.0 3. 1969 5044.0 1980 6193.0 4. 1970 5830.0 1983 6193.0 5. 1971 4382.0 1975 6060.0 6. 1972 3823.0 1978 5891.0 7. 1973 4740.0 1997 5845.0 8. 1974 5526.0 1970 5830.0 9. 1975 6060.0 1993 5802.0 10. 1976 5564.0 2005 5773.0 11. 1977 5388.0 1999 5728.0 12. 1978 5891.0 1976 5564.0 13. 1979 4789.0 1974 5526.0
14. 1980 6193.0 1981 5508.0
15. 1981 5508.0 1982 5438.0
16. 1982 5438.0 1977 5388.0 75% 17. 1983 6193.0 1985 5208.0 dependable 18. 1984 4699.0 1967 5193.0 rainfall 19. 1985 5208.0 1988 5182.0 20. 1986 3664.0 1969 5044.0 21. 1987 4013.0 1998 5040.0 22. 1988 5182.0 2004 4900.0 23. 1989 4458.0 1979 4789.0 24. 1990 6440.0 1973 4740.0 25. 1991 4132.0 1984 4699.0 26. 1992 4585.0 1992 4585.0 27. 1993 5802.0 2001 4509.0 28. 1994 6300.0 1989 4458.0 29. 1995 3998.0 1968 4407.0 30. 1996 4096.0 1971 4382.30 31. 1997 5845.0 2000 4380.0 32. 1998 5040.0 1991 4132.0 33. 1999 5728.0 1996 4096.0 34. 2000 4380.0 1987 4013.0 35. 2001 4509.0 1995 3998.0 36. 2002 3939.0 2002 3939.0 37. 2003 3613.0 1972 3823.0 38. 2004 4900.0 1986 3664.0 39. 2005 5773.0 2003 3613.0
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Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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2.6.2 Water Planning
Water Requirement
The water requirement for different crops is computed as per modified Penman method for proposed revised crop pattern which is enclosed in this report.
Silt Pocket
The catchment area at the proposed dam site near village Nardave is 47.70 sq.km (18.53 Sq. mile).The silt load is computed by considering silting rate at 652.46 Cum/Sq.Km/Year (1.37 acre ft./ Sq. mile/ Year). Assuming life of reservoir as 100 year, the silt capacity is worked out to 3.1122 MCum. Considering trap efficiency of 95%, vide page 10 of CBIP publication no 89 capacity survey of storage reservoir, Silt capacity works out to 2.957 MCum. The silt capacity is available at RL 144.30 m.
Dead Storage
The required silt pocket capacity is available at R.L.144.30 m. Therefore considering driving head of 2.50 m the MDDL is proposed at RL. 146.80m. The contents at this R.L are 4.578 Mcum and corresponding submergence area is 0.701 Msqm. The provision of this content is considered as dead storage.
Evaporation Losses
Evaporation losses on the mean surface area of the lake in each season are worked out at the rate of 0.70m in kharif, 0.60 m in rabbi and 0.80m in hot weather. The procedure adopted is as under.
For Kharif season the mean of surface area at MDDL and FRL have been considered. For computing rabbi losses mean surface area at the beginning and at the end of rabbi season is considered. For hot weather losses the mean surface area at the beginning and end of hot weather season is considered.
The evaporation losses for annual utilization are shown as under.
a) Kharif ------2.014 MCum
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 29
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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b) Rabbi ------2.400 Mcum c) Hot weather ------1.570 Mcum Total ------5.984 Mcum
Storage Capacity
The storage capacity required for irrigation of 8084 ha of land is worked out with the above stated water requirement and losses.
a) Kharif ……0.340 MCum b) Rabbi …….34.830 MCum c) Industrial and domestic requirement d) Lake losses Total (I) to (V) e) Deduct 2% post monsoon flow (2% of 75 % dependable yield i.e. of 133.29 MCum) f) Live storage g) Dead storage h) Gross storage
The content are available at RL 190.00 m at which FRL is fixed. The actual content at this RL are 123.74 Mcum and water spread area is 5.019 M.Sqm.
Annual Utilization
The annual utilization worked out with the water requirement and losses is as under.
Kharif …………. 0.340 MCum Rabbi ………..... 34.830 MCum Hot weather …………. 64.060 MCum Industrial and domestic ………….. 16.564 MCum Annual lake losses …………. 5.984 MCum Total …………. 121.778 MCum
75% dependable yield available at the dam site is 133.29 MCum which is more than annual utilization.
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 30
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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Table No.2.5. Area Content Table
R.L.in Area in Contents Progressive Remark M Msqm Mcum Contents Mcum 127.57 0.0000 0.0000 0.000 River bed R.L 130.00 0.0131 0.0106 0.0106 132.00 0.0320 0.0433 0.0540 134.00 0.0600 0.0903 0.1443 136.00 0.1200 0.1765 0.3208 138.00 0.2100 0.3258 0.7806 140.00 0.3030 0.5100 1.2906 C.B.L.R.L 140.10 0.3080 0.0305 1.3211 140.20 0.3131 0.0310 1.3521 140.30 0.3183 0.0315 1.3836 140.40 0.3235 0.0320 1.4156 140.50 0.3839 0.3885 1.8041 M.D.D.L 142.00 0.4130 0.1992 2.0039 144.00 0.5400 0.9495 2.9528 146.00 0.6650 1.2028 4.1556 148.00 0.8110 1.4735 5.6291 150.00 0.9650 1.7737 7.4028 152.00 1.1460 2.1084 9.5112 154.00 1.3150 2.4590 11.9702 156.00 1.5030 2.8158 14.7860 158.00 1.6920 3.1930 17.9790 160.00 1.8720 3.5624 21.5414 162.00 2.0730 3.9482 25.4896 164.00 2.2720 4.3485 29.8381 166.00 2.4380 4.7090 34.5471 168.00 2.6020 5.0390 39.5861 169.10 2.6160 0.2608 39.8469 170.00 2.0080 5.5659 45.1520 172.00 3.1850 6.1516 51.3036 174.00 3.3430 6.5273 57.8309 176.00 3.5270 6.8691 64.7000 176.70 3.5891 2.4906 67.1906 177.20 3.6338 4.2963 68.9963 178.00 3.7060 7.2322 71.9322 179.20 3.8229 4.5171 76.4493 180.00 3.9020 7.6071 79.5393 182.00 4.1090 8.0100 87.5493 183.40 4.2432 5.6514 93.3947 F.R.L as per A.A Estimates 183.90 4.2911 2.3297 35.5284 H.F.L as per A.A Estimates 184.00 4.3610 8.4094 95.9585 186.00 4.5150 3.8150 104.7735 186.90 4.6075 3.9397 108.7132 T.B.L as per A.A Estimates
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R.L.in Area in Contents Progressive Remark M Msqm Mcum Contents Mcum 188.00 4.7226 4.2362 114.0097 190.00 5.0190 9.7385 123.7482 F.R.L as per height raising proposal 190.50 5.0843 2.5777 126.3259 H.F.L as per height raising proposal 192.00 5.2800 7.7330 134.0589 193.50 4.3453 0.000 134.0589 T.B.L as per height raising proposal Table No.2.6. Water Requirements by Modified Penman Method
N Crops January Feb March April May June July Augu Septem Octobe Novemb Decemb To o st ber r er er tal I II I II I II I II I II I I I I I I I II I I I II I II I I I I A Perennial
1 Coconut 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. 0. 0. 0. 14 86 9 91 9 25 39 25 2 1 2 7 7 7 7 .0 1 1 5 8 6 1 1 2 7 8 2 Mango 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1. 1. 1. 1. 28 71 8 83 8 6 77 51 5 3 5 4 4 4 5 .2 2 3 1 7 2 2 2 3 4 8 B Kharif 0
1 Kharif 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4. 0 0 0 0 4. Paddy 5 58 8 2 Vegetabl 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. 0. 0. 0 0 0 0 0. es 1 1 1 46 7 7 2 C Follow on crops 0 1 Rabbi 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2. 12 paddy 06 0 14 1 25 3 17 1 8 .1 9 4 7 5 7 2 Rabbi 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 1. 1. 1. 0. 0. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. 0. 0. 0. 10 Vegetabl 61 6 96 9 36 45 33 3 3 4 2 2 2 2 .3 es 5 6 3 9 2 2 2 3 5 8 3 HW 0. 0. 0. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1. 0. 0. 5. Pulses 69 7 51 8 9 6 34 3 8 3 4 H.W. 0 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4. Ground 7 33 3 65 7 45 5 3 04 nut 1 3 1 6 5 Chilies 2. 0. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 1. 2. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 two 65 7 4 4 45 61 27 2 9 1 .8 seasonal 4 7 8 2 9 Fortnigh 7. 6. 7. 6. 9. 10 8. 9. 6. 6. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. 0. 4. 0 2. 4. 3. 6. 99 tly 58 6 08 5 56 .2 98 0 2 3 1 1 7 3 1 3 0 .2 5 7 2 4 8 2 7 7 5 5 6 4 2 Monthly 14 13 19 18 1 0 0 0 0. 4. 6. 9. 9 .2 .6 .7 .0 2. 3 7 5 4 9. 3 5 8 2 6 4 22
2.7 Command Area
There is no irrigation facility available in the command area. The taluka wise command area and villages benefited of proposed project
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Table No.2.7. Taluka wise command area
Sr. No. Taluka No of villages Area benefited in ha i) Kankavli 30 5191 ii) Kudal 8 909 iii) Malvan 10 1984 Total 48 8084
The total 48 villages will be benefited in Kankavali, Kudal and Malvan Talukas of Sindhudurg district.
Table No.2.8. Taluka wise lists of benefited villages
Sr. No. Villages Taluka Sr. No. Villages Taluka 1 Dariste Kankavali 25 Tarandale Kankavali 2 Nardave Kankavali 26 Kalamath Kankavali 3 Pimpalgaon Kankavali 27 Kankavli Kankavali 4 Digavle Kankavali 28 Ashiye Kankavali 5 Ranjangaon Kankavali 29 Varavde Kankavali 6 Natal Kankavali 30 Savdav Kankavali 7 Kumbhavde Kankavali 31 Sonavde Kudal 8 Bhiravande Kankavali 32 Ghadigaon Kudal 9 Neharunagar Kankavali 33 Ghotage Kudal 10 Gandhinagar Kankavali 34 Bharani Kudal 11 Rameshwarnagar Kankavali 35 Jambhavde Kudal 12 Subhashnagar Kankavali 36 Bhutvad Kudal 13 Sangave Kankavali 37 Kupavde Kudal 14 Navanagar Kankavali 38 Gavalgaon Kudal 15 Shiwajinagar Kankavali 39 Gothane Malwan 16 Shastrinagar Kankavali 40 Ramgad Malwan 17 Sambhajinagar Kankavali 41 Shravan Malwan 18 Harkul(Budruk) Kankavali 42 Phanaswadi Malwan 19 Nagave Kankavali 43 Bidwadi Malwan 20 Karanje Kankavali 44 Kasaral Malwan 21 Harkul(Kh) Kankavali 45 Asarondi Malwan 22 Sakedi Kankavali 46 Kirlos Malwan 23 Humbrath Kankavali 47 Ajagani Malwan 24 Janavli Kankavali 48 Rathivade Malwan
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Distribution of Gross, Culturable and Irrigable Command Area. The distribution of Gross, culturable and irrigable command area of Nardave Medium Irrigation project is provided in the table below:
Table No.2.9. Gross, Culturable and Irrigable Command Area
Sr. No. Command Area (ha) Total 1. Gross command Area 12631 2. Culturable Command Area 9978 3. Irrigable Command Area 8084
2.8 Cropping Pattern
Table No.2.10. Existing & Proposed cropping pattern
Season Crop % age A Proposed crop pattern 1 Perennial i) Coconut 15 ii) With Black Pepper ( Inter Crop) iii) Mango 30 45 2 Kharif i) Kh Paddy 46 ii) Vegetable 9 55 3 Rabbi (Follow on crops) i) Rabi paddy 7 ii) Rabbi Vegetable 15 iii) H W Pulses 13 iv) H W Ground nut 5 vii) Chilies Two seasonal 15 55 Total 155 B Existing crop pattern i) Paddy 42 iii) Wari/Nagali 12 iii) Pulses 8 iv) Seams 1 iv) Fruits 2 v) Grass 3 vi) Culturable 32 Total 100
Considering the changing trend of taking cash crops in this region mainly fruit crops such as mango, coconut, cashew nut etc. are proposed for changing crop pattern.
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2.9 Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R and R) Plan
2.9.1 Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement:
For construction of earthen dam and its allied works, total 631.162 Ha land is required for submergence, dam seat, tail channel, alternative roads & other allied works which incorporates 585.772 ha Private Land, 11.25 ha Govt. Land and 34.14 ha Identified Forest Land. Out of this total 631.162 ha land acquisition procedure for 566.657 ha is completed and it is in possession of Water Resources Department. For remaining 64.505 ha land, present status is as under.
For remaining 64.505 ha land present status is as under
Sr. Component Type Acquired Remaining No. Land in hector land in hector 1 Dam, Submergence, dam seat, tail channel, Private 566.657 19.115 alternative roads & other allied works Land
2.9.2 Present Position of Rehabilitation
Sr. Details of Villages Affected Details of Rehabilitation Villages No. Affected Population No of Name of new Present position Village Families Gaothan Land of Creation of civic Gaothan amenities 1 Durganagar 881 236 Jambhavade Acquired 40 % completed 2 Nardave 1240 327 Digawale Acquired 90 % completed 3 Bhairavgaon 426 99 4 Yawateshwar 402 56 Sangve Acquired 90 % completed 5 Jambhalgaon 3229 249 (Sambhajinagar) Total 3849 967
2.9.3 Status of completion of civic amenities is tabulated below
Sr. Name of % age completion Total no. of PAFs/ PAPs No. Village of civic amenities Affected 1 Digawale 90 262 2 Jambhavade 40 260 3 Sangave (Sambhajinagar) 90 445 967
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2.10 Project Schedule & Cost Estimate
Likely date of start of construction & likely date of completion
The dam portion of Nardave Medium Irrigation Project has been 61.50% work of total dam is completed. 80% of ICPO completed, & 40% of Spillway work was completed, Out of 14 KT Weirs 10 were completed, Land acquisition work was 91% completed & rehabilitation work was 82% completed up to Dec.2016. The work is stopped from June 2012 for want of environmental and forest clearance. In principal approval to Forest proposal is received and final proposal is being submitted.
Table No.2.11. Estimated project cost along with analysis in terms of economic viability of the project
1 Cost of the Project 1) Rs. 44670.76 lakhs. ( As per D.S.R.05-06) Administrative approval vide Marathi Govt. Order No. Naradave 2007/140/(47/2007)- MPR Mantralaya Bombay dated – 19th July 2007 a) Cost of the Project ( Ist Revised ) Revised Amount Rs.10298.20 Lakhs (As per D.S.R. 1993-1994 b) Cost of the Project (II nd Revised) Revised Amount Rs. 18990.67 lakhs (As per DSR 1997-1998) 2 Cost per unit of i) Irrigable area Rs 5.526 Lakh / Ha 3 Cost per unit of storage b) Gross storage/Mcum Rs. 361.005 Lakh/Mcum 4 Benefit cost ratio Irrigation 1.54 5 Percentage of submergence to 4.40 % irrigable area. 6 Percentage of annual utilization to 75 96.19 % % Dependable yield
2.11 Analysis of Proposal (Final Recommendations)
The Nardave Medium Irrigation Project will provide assured irrigation facility to the area and help to enhance the income from the agriculture based activities in the region. This will boost the social as well as economic conditions of the farmers.
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There is a need of such type of project to improve the livelihood, enhance the income status of peoples. The proposed Nardave Medium Irrigation Project intends to irrigate 8084 ha land of 48 villages of Kankavli, Kudal and Malvan Taluka of Sindhudurg District.
Project Benefited villages:
Out of total 48 villages, 33 villages of Kankavli taluka, 7 villages of Malvan & 8 villages of Kudal taluka of Sindhudurg district will be benefited.
Increase in Employment
The project is expected to provide fair employment opportunities during the construction phase of the project. Employment will be generated with respect to both skilled as well as unskilled labor. Furthermore this project is also expected to generate secondary employment opportunities in the form of agro-based industries after its completion.
Estimated work force for running & maintenance of the system is of about 100 individuals. Additional direct and indirect employment will be generated due to overall development of the area.
Economic Aspects
The Konkan region is known for the heavy rainfall and ample amount of water, in rainy season. The rainfall in the area is +3000 mm. It is observed that due to poor irrigation facilities storm water in rainy season flows to the Arabian Sea and villages in the Konkan region face drought in summer.
Most of the population in project area is dependent on the agriculture produce. Provide adequate water supply for irrigation is the only way to improve the living standard of peoples in this area. The soil in the project area is fertile and capable for cash crops like Mango, coconut and Cashew etc. if sufficient and assured water is available. The climate is favorable for high yield crops such as Mango, coconut and oil palms. This proposed project will help to improve the agriculture and employment in the project area. The major crops in proposed project area are Rice, Nagli, some seasonal vegetables, Mango and Cashew only. There is no perennial irrigation found in project area. In the project area, not single well or bore well is used for irrigation.
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There is a need of such type of project to improve the livelihood, enhance the income status of peoples. The proposed Naradave Medium Irrigation Project intends to irrigate 8084 ha land of 48 villages of Kankavli, Kudal and Malvan Taluka of Sindhudurg District.
The project is expected to enable the local people to change cropping patterns and cultivate both the cash crops as well as the perennials. This will lead to increase in the agro-based industries in the command area, which would eventually lead to the economic up-liftment of the area.
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CHAPTER NO. 3 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE STUDY
3.1 Introduction
The baseline status of environmental quality in the vicinity of project site serves as a basis for identification and prediction of impact. This chapter illustrates the description of existing environmental status of the study area with reference to the prominent environmental attributes. The data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary source data were collected through environmental monitoring in the study area. Primary survey involved ambient air quality, ambient noise level, water quality, soil quality, ecology & biodiversity, interaction with local people etc. in the study area.
Monitoring locations fixed for the primary data collection on the basis of environmental setting, meteorology and potential probable impacts of the project. Required secondary data was obtained from various Government agencies and research paper etc.
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3.2 Study Area
Study area includes Dam Site, Catchment Area, Submergence Area, Command Area and area within 10 km radius from dam Site. The project falls in the ecologically sensitive areas in Western Ghat.
Figure No. 3.1. Photographs showing Dam site
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Figure No. 3.2. Toposheet Showing 10 km radius from the Dam Site
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Figure No. 3.3. Google Image showing catchment, submergence and Command area of the project
Radhanagari Wildlfe Sanctuary
Command Area
Submergence & Catchment Dam Site Area
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Figure No. 3.4. A map of boundary of the project site giving details of protected area in the vicinity of project location
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Table No.3.1. Environmental Setting of the Study Area
Sr. Distance from Particulars Details No. Project Site (km) 1. Project Location Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – - Sindhudurg Maharashtra 2. Water Bodies Gad River - 3. Wild Life Sanctuary Radhanagari Wild Life Sanctuary & Adjacent to /Tiger Reserve/ ecologically sensitive areas in Western submergence and Ecological Sensitive Ghat catchment Zone 4. Roads Naradave Road Adjacent 5. Highways State Highway 120 3.5 km 6. Railway station Kankavali Approx. 20 km 7. Nearest School/ Naradave Approx. 1km College 8. Nearest IMD Vengurla - 9. Seismic Zone III -
3.3 Environmental Parameters
This chapter provide details of site information related environmental attributes like ambient air quality, noise level, ground / surface water quality, ecology & biodiversity and socioeconomic conditions in and around project area. Details of environmental parameters were monitored and their frequency is presented in Table No. 3.2
Table No.3.2. Environmental Parameters and Frequency of Monitoring Sr. Components Parameters Frequency of Methodology No Monitoring adopted 1. Meteorology Wind speed and Data collected from - direction, IMD Pune for Vengurla temperature, Station relative humidity and rainfall 2 Ambient Air PM2.5, PM10, SO2, Ambient air quality PM10/PM2.5: Quality NOx samples were monitored Gravimetric method at 8 locations for 24 SO2 : Modified West hours twice a week and Gaeke Method (IS : 5182, Part II) NOx : Jacobs and Hochheiser Method (IS 5182 Part VI) 3 Noise Level Noise levels in samples were monitored IS: 4954 as adopted dB (A) at 8 locations for 24 by CPCB. hours
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Sr. Components Parameters Frequency of Methodology No Monitoring adopted 4 Water quality Physical, Chemical Ground water 9 nos. , Standard methods and Biological surface water 5 nos for Examination of parameters. were collected Water and Wastewater’ published by American Public Health Association (APHA) & IS Method 5 Soil Physico-chemical Sampling at 13 locations IS Method around project site once during the study period. 6 Ecology & Terrestrial flora, Field survey conducted Quadrat method, Biodiversity fauna and River by frequent visits during Checklist ecology the study period Sampling & Analysis 7 Socio –economic Socio –economic Based on data collected Based on Census aspects characteristics of from the year 2011 Data 2011 and local population Census Abstract primary survey
3.4 Meteorology
The climate of the study area and the surrounding region is generally humid. The year may broadly be divided into four seasons.
Winter season: December to February Pre-monsoon season/ Summer: March to June Monsoon season: June to September Post Monsoon season: October to November
The regional surface meteorological data viz., temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, station level pressure, rainfall etc. has been compiled from IMD data, Pune for Vengurla station, which is the nearest IMD station to the site.
Analysis of the Data Recorded at IMD – Vengurla
The Meteorological data of IMD Vengurla for the period of 1987 to 2008 is discussed below:
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Temperature:
The mean maximum temperature is 34.4 C recorded in month of April in 1987 and mean minimum temperature is 14.8 recorded in month of December in 2000. The highest maximum temperature is 38.2 C recorded in month of June in 2007 and highest minimum temperature is 6.2 C recorded in month of November 2005.
The average maximum temperature is 34.21C and average minimum temperature is 18.91C recorded in last 21 year.
Relative Humidity:
During Pre-monsoon period, the monthly mean relative humidity was observed to be in the range of 67% - 89% at 0830 hrs and at 1730 hrs it occurred in the range of 55% - 72%. During the monsoon season, relative humidity ranges between 82% - 94% at 0830 hrs and 76% - 92% at 1730 hrs. In the post-monsoon season, the range was observed to be in the range 68.3% - 91% at 0830 hrs and at 1730 hrs. The range of relative humidity occurred between 56% - 83%. During winter season the range of humidity was observed between 65% - 91% at 0830 hrs and 46% - 67% at 1730 hrs.
Rainfall:
Table No.3.3. The average annual rainfall observed to be 2464 mm
Sr. Total Rainfall Sr. Total Rainfall Year Year No. In mm No. In mm 1 1987 2546.4 12 1999 3315 2 1988 2973 13 2000 3831.4 3 1689 2447 14 2001 2206 4 1990 1413 15 2002 2361 5 1991 2626 16 2003 2590.5 6 1992 2579 17 2004 2720 7 1993 1025.2 18 2005 2904 8 1994 2442.4 19 2006 2330.2 9 1995 3753 20 2007 3584.4 10 1996 834.2 21 2008 2600.4 11 1998 3138.4
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Wind Speed/Direction:
Generally light to moderate winds prevail throughout the year with slightly stronger winds in the early monsoon period. Winds are light and variable in the post-monsoon and winter seasons particularly during the morning hours, while during the afternoon hours the winds are slightly stronger. It is observed from the data that the predominant wind direction in the region is west followed by Northwest and Southwest. The average wind speed in the region is observed to be in the range of 6.6 to 17.9 kmph.
Figure No. 3.5. Wind Roses 0830 HRS & 1730 HRS (Year 1977-1995)
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3.5 Geological and Geophysical Study
The Geological formations in the area investigated are Dharwar, Kaladgis, Deccan Trap, Peninsular Gneiss and Cainozoic group. The Dharwar rocks represented by Archaean Meta Sediments and granite gneisses with mafic and ultramafic intrusive occupy major part of the area. Kaladgisrest uncomfortably over the archaeans comprise of conglomerates, grits, ortho- quartzitesshales and stand in relief as narrow ridges. Deccan traps occupy small area in the northern and eastern part of the area forming isolated patches separated by river valleys. Sedimentary beds comprising carbonaceous, pyritic and ferruginous shales are noticed below lateritis in well sentions and dissected valley sections along the coast near Malvan & Kaluswadi, Laterites both primary and secondary occupy extensive areas in low lying platens and coastal track in the West as well as East. Beach sand along narrow coastal strip and along the banks of rivers are recent formations in the area.
Table No.3.4. Stratigraphic Information of the Sub basin
Lithology Rock type Stratigraphic status Basalt Aa/pahoehoe/Simple flows Deccan trap (Sahyadri (Mahabaleshwar/Karanja) Group) Massive Granite & Plutonic Granite/Pegmatite/aplite Peninsular gneiss Rocks Phyllite / Schist / Slate Quartz chlorite amphibolite Dharwar schist/ferruginous phyllite Laterite Laterite (Ferricrete) Cainozoic Quartzite with Shale/Phyllite Quartzite/quartz sericite Dharwar bands schist Bedded Sandstone/Quartzite Sedimentary quartzite Kaladgi
3.6 Seismic-Tectonic Appraisal of the Area
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has prepared a seismic zoning map of India based on tectonic features and records of past earthquakes. The site is located in Zone-III as per the seismic map given in below figure.
Design Details: Considering height of the embankment and depth and nature of overburden in foundation, to check stability of earth dam has been at five locations by CDO Nashik.
Earthquake coefficient: The value of horizontal seismic coefficient arrived for the proposed two sections a below
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Sr.No. Section @ RD Value of horizontal coeficinet of earthquake 1 60 m 0.078 2 195 m 0.063 3 390 m 0.069 4 900 m 0.068 5 1185 m 0.094 Reference: Design Note on Revised Earten Dam Sections, November 2006, The Superintending Engineer (ED), Central Design Organization, Nashik.
Figure No. 3.6. Seismic Zone Map of India showing the project site
3.7 Ambient Air Quality
The ambient air quality monitoring were carried out in the study area. The sampling station location and number were selected at dam site, submergence and command area. The monitoring was carried out as per CPCB/MoEF&CC guideline.
The concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOX samples were collected as 24 hourly average by drawing air at the rate of 1.0 -1.5 m3/min through glass fibre filter paper and
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analyzing by the gravimetric method. Pre-calibrated fine dust particulate samplers were used
for monitoring of PM10 & PM2.5. Concentrations of SO2 and NOX were analyzed by absorption & colorimetric method.
Table No.3.5. Techniques Used for the Analysis of Ambient Air Quality Parameters
Sr. Parameter Technique Technical Minimum No Protocol Detectable Limit
3 1 PM 10 & PM2.5 Gravimetric method IS -5182 (Part-4) 1.0 g/m 2 Sulphur Dioxide Modified West and Gaeke IS-5182 (Part-2) 4.0 g/m3 3 Nitrogen Oxide Jacob & Hochheiser IS-5182 (Part-6) 4.0 g/m3
Figure No. 3.7. Photographs showing Ambient Air Quality monitoring at Project site & Sangve Village
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Table No.3.6. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations
Sr. No. Name Location 1 Dam Site - Naradave Projet Site 2 Yewateshwar Submergence Area 3 Jambhalgaon Submergence Area 4 Bhairavgaon Submergence Area 5 Pimpalvadi Command Area 6 Sangve Command Area 7 Jambhavade Command Area 8 Digawale Command Area
Table No.3.7. Test Methods Used for Analysis of Ambient Air Parameter
Sr. No. Parameter Unit Test Method 01 Nitrogen dioxide, NOx µg/m3 IS: 5182 (Part-IV) 2006, First Revision 3 02 Sulphur dioxide SO2 µg/m IS 5182 Part-II .2001 First Revision 3 03 Particulate Matter PM10 µg/m IS 5182 (Part 23) :2006 Reaff 2012 3 04 Particulate Matter PM2.5 µg/m USEPA (40 CFR Ch. I (7–1–14 Edition) Appendix L to Part 50)
Table No.3.8. Results of Analysis of Ambient Air Parameter (µg/m3)
Sr. No. Monitoring Locations Parameter PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 1. Dam Site Nardave Maximum 54.3 24.6 21.6 20.7 Minimum 37.4 14.7 12.6 14.2 Average 46.71 18.97 17.07 16.94 98 Percentile 54.11 23.95 20.77 20.7 2. Yewateshwar Maximum 54.2 22.6 19.2 20.7 Minimum 44.4 12.5 11.5 13.2 Average 49.26 18.31 14.6 16.51 98 Percentile 54.15 22.55 18.28 20.51 3. Jambhalgaon Maximum 55.4 29 17.2 18.4 Minimum 38.9 18 12.8 14.9 Average 47.09 23.62 15.14 16.75 98 Percentile 54.2 28.72 17.01 18.35 4. Bhairavgaon Maximum 53.6 29.1 16.8 20.6 Minimum 39.4 18.4 12 14.2 Average 46.16 23.03 15.22 17.16 98 Percentile 53.04 28.5 16.75 20.23 5. Pimpalvadi Maximum 54.6 29.1 16.3 22.7 Minimum 42.4 14.9 11.9 11.9 Average 47.17 22.15 14.79 16.69 98 Percentile 54 28.5 16.3 22.14 6. Sangve Maximum 52.4 28.4 16.8 18.4
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Sr. No. Monitoring Locations Parameter PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 Minimum 35.8 17.6 11.9 14.9 Average 46.59 24.59 14.88 16.74 98 Percentile 52.26 28.12 16.62 18.3 7. Jambhavade Maximum 54.2 26.5 16.8 20.6 Minimum 38.9 18.1 11.5 13.2 Average 47.17 21.9 15.06 16.64 98 Percentile 53.83 26.5 16.75 19.49 8. Digawale Maximum 54.2 28.7 18.3 21.7 Minimum 42.5 16.8 12 15.3 Average 47.68 22.96 15.05 17.46 98 Percentile 53.83 28.28 17.61 21.65
3.8 Ambient Noise Level
Methodology of Noise Level Monitoring
Noise levels monitoring was carried out at various locations within the study area. Ambient Noise Level monitoring at various location has been carried out as per standard guidelines of MoEF&CC and CPCB.
The noise monitoring has been carried-out by deploying a digital noise meter having a noise level measuring range of 35 dB (A) to 100 dB (A). In this monitoring, at each location, the maximum and the minimum values of noise levels, and the equivalent noise levels were monitored.
Table No.3.9. Ambient Noise Level Monitoring Locations
Sr. No. Name of the Location Area 1 Naradave Dam Site 2 Yewateshwar Submergence Area 3 Jambhalgaon Submergence Area 4 Bhairavgaon Submergence Area 5 Pimpalvadi Command Area 6 Sangve Command Area 7 Jambhavade Command Area 8 Digawale Command Area
Table No.3.10.Test Methods Used for Ambient Noise Level Monitoring
Sr. No. Parameter Unit Test Method 01 Noise level dB IS 4954 ,1968 Reaff 2014
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Noise Pollution Standards in India
The Schedule of ambient air quality standards in respect of noise notified in the above ‘Rules’ is reproduced below:
Table No.3.11.Ambient Air Quality standards in respect of Noise
Area Code Category of Area/ Zone Limits in dB(A) Leq Day time Night time (A) Industrial area 75 70 (B) Commercial area 65 55 (C) Residential area 55 45 (D) Silence Zone 50 40 Note:
Day time shall mean 6.00 a.m. to 10.00 p.m. Night time shall mean from 10.00 p.m. to 6.00.a.m. Silence zone is defined as an area comprising not less than 100 meters around hospitals, educational institutions and courts. The silent zones are zones which are declared as such by the competent authority. Mixed categories of areas may be declared as one of the four above-mentioned categories by the competent authority. dB(A) Leq denotes the time weighted average of the level of sound in decibels on scale A.
Source: Ministry of Environment Forests & Climate Change, Government of India vide ‘The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000.
Table No.3.12.Results of Analysis of Ambient Noise Level data various locations
Day Night Sr. No. Location Limits in dB(A) 1 Naradave 58.3 42.8 2 Yewateshwar 46.2 39.2 3 Jambhalgaon 50.4 39.8 4 Bhairavgaon 50.5 40.2 5 Pimpalvadi 46.8 40.6 6 Sangve 50.5 42.3 7 Jambhavade 51.3 39.5 8 Digawale 48.3 38.5
The noise levels were measured at 8 locations. Noise levels recorded at various stations were within the permissible limit.
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3.9 Water Quality Study
Water sampling locations were selected from submergence and command area of the project. The samples were collected from river, lake/dam, dug well as well as bore well.
The sampling and analysis was carried out as per guidelines of CPCB
Methodology
The surface and ground water sampling was carried out by using central pollution control board (CPCB) guidelines.
A sample container was properly cleaned and rinsed with sample for three times before it was filled.
Sample containers were labeled properly and sample code, sampling date and sample location was clearly marked on container.
Surface water Samples were collected from well mixed section of stream about 30 cm below the water surface using a weighted bottle.
Ground water Samples were collected from bore well & Dug well
Water samples from various locations in and around the project site were collected for assessment of the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality.
Table No.3.13.Surface Water Sampling Locations
No. Name of the Location Source 1. Nardave Dam site River 2. Sangave K.T. Weir (Gad River) River 3. Jambhavade School River 4. Gopuri Ashram K.T. Weir River 5. Kankavali K.T. (Gad River) River
Table No.3.14.Ground Water Sampling Locations
No. Name of the Location Source 1. Pimpalvadi Well 2. Yewateshwar Well 3. Jambhalgaon Well 4. Ranjaanwadi Well
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No. Name of the Location Source 5. Kanedi Well 6. Sambhajinagar-Sangave Bore Well 7. Bhairavgaon (Submergence) Open Well 8. Sambhajinagar-Sangave Open Well 9. Zambhalgaon (ZP) - Submergence Open Well
Table No.3.15. Test Methods Used for Surface Water Parameter
Sr. No. Parameters Unit Test Methods Chemical Potability 1 Colour Hazen IS: 3025 Part-4 (Rev.1, RA 2012) 2 Odour - IS: 3025 Part-5 (Rev.1, RA 2012) 3 pH at 25 oC - APHA 4500 H+, A, 4-91, 22nd Ed.2012. 4 Temperature 0C APHA 2550 B,2-69 to 2-70 ,22nd Ed.2012 5 Electrical Conductivity at 25 oC µS/cm APHA 2510 B,2-54 to 2-55 ,22nd Ed.2012 6 Turbidity NTU IS: 3025 Part-10 (Rev.1,RA:2012) 7 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l APHA 2540 C, 2-65, 22nd Ed.2012 8 Total Solids mg/l IS: 3025 (Part-17)-1984 (Rev.1, R.A : 2012) 9 Total Suspended Solids mg/l IS: 3025 (Part-17)-1984 (Rev.1, R.A : 2012) 10 Biochemical Oxygen Demand mg/l IS:3025 (Part 44)-1993 (Reaffirmed 2003) 11 Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l IS:3025 (Part 58)-2006 12 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l IS: 3025 (pt-38)-1989, Reaff. 2003 13 Acidity as CaCO3 mg/l IS 3025 (part 22),1986,(Rev 1R.A.2014) nd 14 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l APHA 2320 B, 2-34 to 2-35 22 Ed.2012. nd 15 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l APHA 2340 C ,2-44 to 2-46,22 Ed 2012 16 Calcium as Ca mg/l APHA 3500 Ca B, 3.-67 to 3-68,22nd Ed 2012 17 Magnesium as Mg mg/l APHA 3500 Ca B, 3.-84 ,22nd Ed 2012 18 Chloride as Cl- mg/l APHA 4500 Cl B,4-72 to 4-73,22nd Ed 2012 nd 19 Sulphates as SO4 mg/l APHA 4500 SO4-E,4-190 to 4-191 22 Ed.2012. nd 20 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l APHA 4500 NO3- B 22 Ed.2012 nd 21 Ammonical Nitrogen as NH4-N mg/l APHA 4500 NH3 F, 4-115 to 4-116, 22 Ed.2012. 22 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen as NH3-N mg/l APHA 4500 N org B and 4500 N-NH3 C 23 Nitrite as NO2 mg/l IS 3025 (Part 34) 1988, Cl. 3, Rev.1, Reaff 2014 24 Fluoride as F mg/l APHA 4500 F-D 4-87 to 4-88 ,22nd Ed 2012 25 Total Phosphorous mg/l APHA 4500 P-C4-153 to 4-154, 22 nd Ed. 2012 nd 26 Silica as SiO3 mg/l APHA 4500 SIO2,4-167 to 4-168 ,22 Ed 2012 27 Phenol mg/l IS: 3025 (Part-43) (Rev.1, R.A : 2014) 28 Sodium as Na mg/l APHA 3111B, 3-18 to 3-22 , 22nd Ed.2012 (AAS) 29 Potassium as K mg/l APHA 3111B, 3-18 to 3-22,22nd Ed.2012 (AAS) 30 Hexavalent Chromium (as Cr6+) mg/l APHA 3111 B, 3-18 to 3-21, 22nd Ed.2012 (AAS) 31 Iron (as Fe) mg/l APHA 3111 B, 3-18 to 3-21, 22nd Ed.2012 (AAS) 32 Copper (as Cu) mg/l APHA 3111 B, 3-18 to 3-21, 22nd Ed.2012 (AAS) 33 Nickel as Ni mg/l APHA 3111 B, 3-18 TO 3-21, 22nd Ed.2012 (AAS) 34 Zinc as Zn mg/l APHA 3111 B, 3-18 TO 3-21, 22nd Ed.2012 (AAS) 35 Boron as B mg/l APHA 4500 B-C 4-27, 22 nd Ed. 2012 36 Carbonate as CaCO3 mg/l APHA 2320 B, 2-34 to 2-35 22nd Ed.2012. 37 Bicarbonate as HCO3 mg/l APHA 2320 B, 2-34 to 2-35 22nd Ed.2012. 38 Cadmium as Cd mg/l APHA 3111 B, 3-18 TO 3-21, 22nd Ed.2012 (AAS) 39 Lead as Pb mg/l APHA 3111 B, 3-18 TO 3-21, 22nd Ed.2012 (AAS) 40 Mercury as Hg mg/l APHA 3111 B, 3-18 TO 3-21, 22nd Ed.2012 (AAS) 41 Arsenic as As mg/l APHA 3111 B, 3-18 TO 3-21, 22nd Ed.2012 (AAS) 42 Oil & Grease mg/l IS 3025(Part 39)
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Bacteriological Potability 1 Total Coliforms No./100 ml IS: 1622 (R.A 1 2014) 2 E Coli - IS: 1622 (R.A 1 2014)
Table No.3.16. Test Methods Used for Ground Water Parameter
Sr. No. Parameters Unit Test Methods CHEMICAL POTABILITY 1 Colour Hazen IS: 3025 Part-4 (Rev.1, RA 2012) 2 Odour - IS: 3025 Part-5 (Rev.1, RA 2012) 3 pH at 25 oC - APHA 4500 H+, A, 4-91, 22nd Ed.2012. 4 Temperature 0C APHA 2550 B,2-69 to 2-70 ,22nd Ed.2012 5 Electrical Conductivity at 25 oC µS/cm APHA 2510 B,2-54 to 2-55 ,22nd Ed.2012 6 Turbidity NTU IS: 3025 Part-10 (Rev.1,RA:2012) 7 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l APHA 2540 C, 2-65, 22nd Ed.2012 8 Total Solids mg/l IS: 3025 (Part-17)-1984 (Rev.1, R.A : 2012) 9 Total Suspended Solids mg/l IS: 3025 (Part-17)-1984 (Rev.1, R.A : 2012) 10 Acidity as CaCO3 mg/l IS 3025 (part 22),1986,(Rev 1R.A.2014) nd 11 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l APHA 2320 B, 2-34 to 2-35 22 Ed.2012. nd 12 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l APHA 2340 C ,2-44 to 2-46,22 Ed 2012 13 Calcium as Ca mg/l APHA 3500 Ca B, 3.-67 to 3-68,22nd Ed 2012 14 Magnesium as Mg mg/l APHA 3500 Ca B, 3.-84 ,22nd Ed 2012 15 Chloride as Cl- mg/l APHA 4500 Cl B,4-72 to 4-73,22nd Ed 2012 nd 16 Sulphates as SO4 mg/l APHA 4500 SO4-E,4-190 to 4-191 22 Ed.2012. nd 17 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l APHA 4500 NO3- B 22 Ed.2012 nd 18 Ammonical Nitrogen as NH4-N mg/l APHA 4500 NH3 F, 4-115 to 4-116, 22 Ed.2012. 19 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen as NH3-N mg/l APHA 4500 N org B and 4500 N-NH3 C 20 Nitrite as NO2 mg/l IS 3025 (Part 34) 1988, Cl. 3, Rev.1, Reaff 2014 21 Fluoride as F mg/l APHA 4500 F-D 4-87 to 4-88 ,22nd Ed 2012 22 Total Phosphorous mg/l APHA 4500 P-C4-153 to 4-154, 22 nd Ed. 2012 nd 23 Silica as SiO3 mg/l APHA 4500 SIO2,4-167 to 4-168 ,22 Ed 2012 24 Phenol mg/l IS: 3025 (Part-43) (Rev.1, R.A : 2014) 25 Sodium as Na mg/l APHA 3111B, 3-18 to 3-22 , 22nd Ed.2012 (AAS) 26 Potassium as K mg/l APHA 3111B, 3-18 to 3-22,22nd Ed.2012 (AAS) 27 Hexavalent Chromium (as Cr6+) mg/l APHA 3111 B, 3-18 to 3-21, 22nd Ed.2012 (AAS) 28 Iron (as Fe) mg/l APHA 3111 B, 3-18 to 3-21, 22nd Ed.2012 (AAS) 29 Copper (as Cu) mg/l APHA 3111 B, 3-18 to 3-21, 22nd Ed.2012 (AAS) 30 Manganese has Mn mg/l APHA 3111 B, 3-18 TO 3-21, 22nd Ed.2012 (AAS) 31 Zinc as Zn mg/l APHA 3111 B, 3-18 TO 3-21, 22nd Ed.2012 (AAS) 32 Nickel as Ni mg/l APHA 3111 B, 3-18 TO 3-21, 22nd Ed.2012 (AAS) 33 Boron as B mg/l APHA 2320 B, 2-34 to 2-35 22nd Ed.2012. 34 Carbonate as CaCO3 mg/l APHA 2320 B, 2-34 to 2-35 22nd Ed.2012. 35 Bicarbonate as HCO3 mg/l APHA 4500 B-C 4-27, 22 nd Ed. 2012 36 Cadmium as Cd mg/l APHA 3111 B, 3-18 TO 3-21, 22nd Ed.2012 (AAS) 37 Lead as Pb mg/l APHA 3111 B, 3-18 TO 3-21, 22nd Ed.2012 (AAS) 38 Mercury as Hg mg/l APHA 3111 B, 3-18 TO 3-21, 22nd Ed.2012 (AAS) 39 Arsenic as As mg/l APHA 3111 B, 3-18 TO 3-21, 22nd Ed.2012 (AAS) 40 Oil & Grease mg/l IS 3025(Part 39) BACTERIOLOGICAL POTABILITY 1 Total Coliforms No./100 ml IS: 1622 (R.A 1 2014) 2 EColi - IS: 1622 (R.A 1 2014)
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Figure No. 3.8. Surface & Ground Water Sampling Location Map
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Result
Surface Water Quality Table No.3.17. Physico-chemical Characteristics of Surface Water - Winter Season
Gopuri Ashram Sr. Nardave Sangave K.T. Weir Jambhavade Kankavali K.T. Parameter Units (Tal. Kankavali)- No. Dam (Gad River) School Weir (Gad River) K.T. Weir CHEMICAL POTABILITY 1. Colour Hazen < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 2. Odour - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable 3. pH at 25 oC - 7.45 7.13 7.11 7.29 7.22 4. Temperature 0C 24 23 25 25 25 5. Electrical Conductivity at 25 oC µS/cm 126.0 92.3 105 128 118 6. Turbidity NTU <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 7. Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 84 61 75 87 77 8. Total Solids mg/l 87 63 78 89 80 9. Total Suspended Solids mg/l <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 10. Biochemical Oxygen Demand mg/l 6 8 06 6 5 11. Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l 17 22 21 20 22 12. Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 6.8 7.2 7.0 7.0 6.8 13. Acidity as CaCO3 mg/l <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 14. Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 46 32 38 44 40 15. Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 42 33 42 47 44 16. Calcium as Ca mg/l 14 10 12 15.8 14 17. Magnesium as Mg mg/l 7 5 7.2 8.6 5.2 18. Chloride as Cl- mg/l 13.8 13.2 7.42 16.1 9.0 19. Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 14.5 11.5 8.5 15.3 11.5 20. Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 5 3 <1 4.8 <1 21. Ammonical Nitrogen as NH4-N mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
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22. Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen as NH3-N mg/l 2.9 3.2 <1 3.1 <1 23. Nitrite as NO2 mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 24. Fluoride as F <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 25. Total Phosphorous mg/l <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 26. Silica as SiO3 mg/l <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 27. Phenol mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 28. Sodium as Na mg/l 6 5 5 6 3 29. Potassium as K mg/l 2 2 3 3 1 30. Hexavalent Chromium (as Cr6+) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 31. Iron (as Fe) mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 32. Copper (as Cu) mg/l <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 33. Nickel as Ni mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 34. Zinc as Zn mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 35. Boron as B mg/l <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 36. Carbonate as CaCO3 mg/l 46 32 38 44 40 37. Cadmium as Cd mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 38. Lead as Pb mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 39. Mercury as Hg mg/l <.0.001 <.0.001 <.0.001 <.0.001 <.0.001 40. Arsenic as As mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 41. Oil & Grease mg/l <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 BACTERIOLOGICAL POTABILITY 1. Total Coliforms No./100 ml 900 500 <1600 <1600 <1600 2. Fecal Coliforms No./100 ml 500 300 <1600 <1600 <1600
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Observations:
Surface water samples from 5 representative areas were taken from Gad River and interpretation given below.
The observed pH values in water samples in the range of neutral (7.11-7.45).
Electrical Conductivity was highest at Gopuri Ashram (Tal. Kankavali)-K.T Weir (128.0 µS/cm) and minimum at Sangave KT Weir (Gad River) (92.3 µS/cm).
Turbidity observed <1 at all sampling stations. Total Dissolved Solids was observed <5 at all sampling stations.
Maximum Total Solids was observed (89 mg/l) at Gopuri Ashram (Tal. Kankavali)- KT Weir and minimum at (63 mg/l) at Sangave KT Weir (Gad River).
Similarly, observed Total Suspended Solids was ranges <5 in all sampling stations.
Total alkalinity ranges from 32 mg/l to 46 mg/l. Maximum Calcium 15.8 mg/l was found at Gopuri Ashram (Tal. Kankavali)- KT Weir. Minimum Calcium 10 mg/l was found at Sangave KT Weir (Gad River).
Similarly, Magnesium was found <0.05 mg/l at all the sampling locations.
The hardness (33 mg/l) was lower at Sangave KT Weir (Gad River) and higher (47 mg/l) at Gopuri Ashram (Tal. Kankavali)- KT Weir.
Concentration of Sodium ranges from 3 mg/l to 6 mg/l. Concentration of Potassium ranges from 1 mg/l to 3 mg/l.
Amount of Nitrate was found to be <1 to 5 mg/l. Nitrate concentration depends upon the activity of nitrifying bacteria.
Ammonical Nitrogen found <0.1 in all sampling stations.
The Chloride was observed maximum (16.1 mg/l) at Gopuri Ashram (Tal. Kankavali) - KT Weir and minimum (7.42 mg/l) at Jambhavade School.
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Table No.3.18.Physico-chemical Characteristics Surface Water - Summer Season
Sangave Gopuri Ashram Kankavali K.T. Sr. Nardave Jambhavade Parameter Units K.T. Weir (Tal. Kankavali)- Weir No. Dam School (Gad River) K.T. Weir (Gad River) 1. Colour Hazen < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 2. Odour - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable 3. pH at 25 oC - 7.49 7.54 7.52 7.42 7.52 4. Temperature 0C 25 25 25 25 25 5. Electrical Conductivity at 25 oC µS/cm 168 136 150.6 154.7 334.5 6. Turbidity NTU <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 7. Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 108 92 102 98 229 8. Total Solids mg/l 112 94 105 102 233 9. Total Suspended Solids mg/l <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 10. Biochemical Oxygen Demand mg/l <1 5 <1 8 5 11. Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l <5 18 <5 27 18 12. Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 6.7 6.8 7.1 7.0 6.7 13. Acidity as CaCO3 mg/l <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 14. Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 38.38 30.3 36.36 34.34 76.76 15. Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 71.76 53.57 57.61 60.64 129.38 16. Calcium as Ca mg/l 23.07 12.54 14.57 14.16 39.67 17. Magnesium as Mg mg/l 3.43 5.40 5.15 6.13 7.36 18. Chloride as Cl- mg/l 6.84 7.33 6.84 6.25 7.82 19. Sulphates as SO4 mg/l <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 20. Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 2.05 1.37 <1 <1 <1 21. Ammonical Nitrogen as NH4-N mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 22. Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen as NH3-N mg/l <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 23. Nitrite as NO2 mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 24. Fluoride as F mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 25. Total Phosphorous mg/l <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 26. Silica as SiO3 mg/l <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5
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Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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27. Phenol mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 28. Sodium as Na mg/l 8 6 5 7 7 29. Potassium as K mg/l 3 5 3 4 4 30. Hexavalent Chromium (as Cr6+) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 31. Iron (as Fe) mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 32. Copper (as Cu) mg/l <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 33. Zinc as Zn mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 34. Nickel as Ni mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 35. Boron as B mg/l <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 36. Carbonate as CaCO3 mg/l 38.38 30.3 36.36 34.34 76.76 37. Cadmium as Cd mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 38. Lead as Pb mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 39. Mercury as Hg mg/l <.0.001 <.0.001 <.0.001 <.0.001 <.0.001 40. Arsenic as As mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 41. Oil & Grease mg/l <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 1. Total Coliforms MPN/100 ml 40 39 40 100 32 2. Fecal Coliforms MPN/100 ml 28 42 35 80 18
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 62
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Observations:
Surface water samples from 5 representative areas were taken from Gad River and interpretation given below.
The observed pH values in water samples in the range of neutral (7.42-7.54).
Electrical Conductivity was highest near Jambhavade School (334.5 µS/cm) and minimum at Sangave KT Weir (Gad River) (136µS/cm).
Turbidity observed <1 at all sampling stations.
Maximum Total Dissolved Solids was observed (229 mg/l) at Jambhavade School and minimum (92 mg/l) at Sangave KT Weir (Gad River).
Maximum Total Solids was observed (233 mg/l) at Jambhavade School and minimum (94 mg/l) at Sangave KT Weir (Gad River).
Similarly, observed Total Suspended Solids was ranges <5 in all sampling stations.
Total Alkalinity ranges from 30.3 mg/l to 76.76 mg/l. Maximum Calcium 39.67 mg/l was found at Jambhavade School Minimum Calcium 12.54 mg/l was found at Sangave KT Weir (Gad River).
Similarly, maximum Magnesium 7.36 mg/l was found at Jambhavade School and minimum 3.43 mg/l was found at Nardave Dam.
Concentration of Calcium was always greater than that of Magnesium. The hardness (129.38 mg/l) was higher at Jambhavade School and lower (53.57 mg/l) at Sangave KT Weir (Gad River).
Concentration of Sodium ranges from 5.0 mg/l to 8 mg/l.
Concentration of Potassium ranges from 3.0 mg/l to 5.0 mg/l.
Amount of Nitrate was found to be <1 to 2.05 mg/l. Nitrate concentration depends upon the activity of nitrifying bacteria.
Ammonical Nitrogen found <0.1 in all sampling stations. The Chloride was observed maximum (7.82 mg/l) near Jambhawade School and minimum (6.25 mg/l) at Kankavali KT Weir (Gad River).
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 63
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Ground Water Quality
Table No.3.19.Physico-chemical Characteristics Ground Water -Winter Season
Zambhalgaon Sambhajinagar- Bhairavgaon Sambhajinagar- Sr. Parameter Units Pimpalvadi Yewateshwar Jambhalgaon Ranjaanwadi Kanedi (ZP) - Sangave (Submergence) Sangave No. Submergence 1. Colour Hazen < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 2. Odour - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable 3. pH at 25 oC - 7.18 7.23 6.98 7.12 7.08 7.21 7.25 7.28 7.12 4. Temperature 0C 24 24 24 23 23 21 23 23 23 5. EC at 25 oC µS/cm 157.6 200.6 193.5 160.1 128 127.4 158 162 162 6. Turbidity NTU <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 7. Total Dissolved mg/l 102 130 125 104 84 82 106 110 106 Solids 8. Total Solids mg/l 105 133 128 107 86 84 108 113 108 9. Total Suspended mg/l <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 Solids
10. Acidity as CaCO3 mg/l <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 11. Total Alkalinity as mg/l 52 53 56 54 40 52 56 58 50 CaCO3 12. Total Hardness as mg/l 56 65 62 60 45 56 62 62 54 CaCO3 13. Calcium as Ca mg/l 15 17 20 20 15 16 20 24 20 14. Magnesium as Mg mg/l 5 6 6 8 5 6.5 9 11 08 15. Chloride as Cl- mg/l 9.5 13.5 13 18 13 14.5 20.2 28 14 16. Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 8 11.5 14.5 15.5 14.2 11 18 23 18 17. Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 7 10 <0.1 10 9 5 10 12 11 18. Ammonical mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Nitrogen as NH4-N
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 64
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
19. Total Kjeldahl mg/l <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 Nitrogen as NH3-N 20. Nitrite as NO2 mg/l 0.062 0.054 0.058 0.058 0.062 0.051 0.057 0.058 0.058 21. Fluoride as F mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 22. Total Phosphorous mg/l <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 23. Silica as SiO3 mg/l <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 24. Phenol mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 25. Sodium as Na mg/l 5 6 5 4 6 4 6 5 5 26. Potassium as K mg/l 1 2 3 2 2 1 1 3 3 27. Hexavalent mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Chromium (as Cr6+) 28. Iron (as Fe) mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 29. Copper (as Cu) mg/l <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 30. Manganese as Mn mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 31. Zinc as Zn mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 32. Nickel as Ni mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 33. Boron as B mg/l <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 34. Carbonate as mg/l 52 53 56 54 40 52 56 58 50 CaCO3 35. Cadmium as Cd mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 36. Lead as Pb mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 37. Mercury as Hg mg/l <.0.001 <.0.001 <.0.001 <.0.001 <.0.001 <.0.001 <.0.001 <.0.001 <.0.001 38. Arsenic as As mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 39. Oil & Grease mg/l <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 BACTERIOLOGICAL POTABILITY 1. Total Coliforms MPN/100 ml <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 2. Fecal Coliforms MPN./100 ml absent absent absent absent absent absent Absent Absent Absent
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 65
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Observations:
Ground water samples from 9 representative areas were taken from sources and described in above Table. The pH values ranges from 6.98 to 7.28.
Electrical Conductivity was maximum at Yewateshwar (200.6 µS/cm) and minimum at Sambhajinagar-Sangave (127.4 µS/cm). Turbidity count ranges from <1 NTU at all sampling stations.
Total Dissolved Solids was observed maximum (130 mg/l) at Yewateshwar and minimum (82 mg/l) at Sambhajinagar-Sangave.
Total Solids was observed maximum (133 mg/l) at Yewateshwar and minimum (84 mg/l) at Sambhajinagar-Sangave. Similarly, Total Suspended Solids count was ranges <5 in all sampling stations.
Total Alkalinity ranges from 40 mg/l to 58 mg/l. Maximum Calcium 24 mg/l was found at Sambhajinagar-Sangave. Minimum Calcium 15 mg/l was found at Pimpalvadi.
Similarly, maximum Magnesium 11 mg/l was found at Sambhajinagar-Sangave and minimum Magnesium 2.5 mg/l was found at Pimpalvadi and Kanedi.
The hardness ranges from 45 to 65 mg/l. Concentration of Sodium ranged between 4 mg/l to 6 mg/l. Similarly, concentration of Potassium ranges between 1 mg/l to 3 mg/l.
Nitrate was found in the range of <0.1 to 12. Total sulphate ranges from 8 mg/l to 23 mg/l .
The Chloride was observed maximum (28 mg/l) at Sambhajinagar-Sangave and minimum (9.5 mg/l) at Pimpalvadi.
Most of the physico-chemical parameters are found well within prescribed limits of IS 10500:2012.
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 66
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Table No.3.20.Physico-chemical Characteristics Ground Water - Summer Season
Zambhalga Yewateshw Ranjaanwa Jambhalga Kanedi Sambhajina Bhairavgaon Sambhajinaga on (ZP) – Sr. Pimpalvadi ar di Parameter Units on (Well gar-Sangave (Submergence) r-Sangave Submergen No. (Well water) (Well (Well (Bore well) water) (Bore well) (Open well) (Open well) ce water) water) (Open well) 1. Colour Hazen < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 2. Odour - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable
3. pH at 25 oC - 7.47 7.48 7.45 7.47 7.42 7.42 7.39 7.42 7.54 4. Temperature 0C 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
5. Electrical Conductivity at µS/cm 327.4 358 414 313 298 187 225 389 347 25 oC 6. Turbidity NTU <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
7. Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 193 185 272 178 195 122 142 180 236 8. Total Solids mg/l 196 188 275 182 198 124 145 182 240 9. Total Suspended Solids mg/l <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 10. Acidity as CaCO3 mg/l <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 11. Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 71.71 64.64 92.92 61.61 92.92 60.6 61.61 96.96 64.64 12. Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 101.08 69.74 165.77 67.75 71.76 64.69 67.72 68.73 133.42 13. Calcium as Ca mg/l 20.24 22.66 55.05 16.19 19.43 18.62 16.59 22.66 45.33 14. Magnesium as Mg mg/l 12.27 3.19 6.87 6.62 5.64 4.41 6.38 2.94 4.91 15. Chloride as Cl- mg/l 12.71 18.10 16.63 22.01 19.07 6.35 6.60 9.78 21.52
16. Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 12.93 17.93 <10 20 16.95 <10 <10 <10 20.43 17. Nitrate as MPN3 mg/l <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 18. Ammonical Nitrogen as mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 NH4-N 19. Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen mg/l <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 as NH3-N 20. Nitrite as NO2 mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 67
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
21. Fluoride as F mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 22. Total Phosphorous mg/l <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 23. Silica as SiO3 mg/l <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 24. Phenol mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 25. Sodium as Na mg/l 13 12 12 10 10 10 13 10 14 26. Potassium as K mg/l 12 09 07 08 08 08 6 9 10 27. Hexavalent Chromium mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 (as Cr6+) 28. Iron (as Fe) mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 29. Copper (as Cu) mg/l <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 30. Manganese as Mn mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 31. Nickel mg/l <0.01 <0.05 <0.01 <0.05 <0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 32. Zinc as Zn mg/l <0.05 <0.01 <0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 33. Boron as B mg/l <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 34. Carbonate as CaCO3 mg/l 71.71 64.64 92.92 61.61 92.92 60.6 61.61 96.96 64.64 35. Cadmium as Cd mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 36. Lead as Pb mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 37. Mercury as Hg mg/l <.0.001 <.0.001 <.0.001 <.0.001 <.0.001 <.0.001 <.0.001 <.0.001 <.0.001 38. Arsenic as As mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 39. Oil & Grease mg/l <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 BACTERIOLOGICAL POTABILITY 1. Total Coliforms MPN./10 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 2. Fecal Coliforms 0 ml absent absent absent Absent absent absent Absent Absent absent
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 68
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Observations:
Ground water samples from 9 representative areas were taken from sources and described in above Table. The pH values ranges from 7.39 to 7.54 indicating the water is slightly alkaline.
Electrical Conductivity was maximum at Jambhalgaon (Bore well) (414 µS/cm) and minimum at Sambhajinagar-Sangave (Bore well) (187 µS/cm).
Turbidity count ranges from <1 NTU at all sampling stations.
Total Dissolved Solids was observed maximum (272 mg/l) at Sambhajinagar-Sangave
(Bore well) and minimum (122 mg/l) at Jambhalgaon (Bore well).Total Solids was observed maximum (275 mg/l) at Sambhajinagar-Sangave (Bore well) and minimum (124 mg/l) at Jambhalgaon (Bore well).
Similarly, Total Suspended Solids count was ranges <5 in all sampling stations.
Total Alkalinity ranges from 60.6 mg/l to 96.96 mg/l.
Maximum Calcium 55.05 mg/l was found at Jambhalgaon (Bore well).Minimum Calcium 16.19 mg/l was found at Ranjaanwadi (Well water).
Similarly, maximum Magnesium 12.27 mg/l was found at Pimpalvadi (Well water) and minimum Magnesium 2.94 mg/l was found at Sambhajinagar-Sangave (Open well).
The hardness ranges from 64.69 to 165.77 mg/l. Concentration of Sodium ranged between 10 mg/l to 14 mg/l.
Similarly, concentration of Potassium ranges between 6 mg/l to 12 mg/l. Maximum amount of Nitrate was found <1 in all sampling locations.
Total Sulphate ranges from (20.43 mg/l) and minimum <10 mg/l).
The Chloride was observed maximum (21.52 mg/l) at Zambhalgaon (ZP) – Submergence
(Open well) and minimum (6.35 mg/l) at Sambhajinagar - Sangave (Bore well).
Most of the physico-chemical parameters are found well within prescribed limits of IS 10500:2012.
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 69
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
3.10 Soil Quality
Soil is the naturally occurring, unconsolidated or loose covering on the Earth's surface. This is composed of particles of broken rock that have been altered by physical, chemical, biological and environmental processes including weathering and erosion.
Procedure for Soil Sampling
Selection of the sampling stations were based on the reconnaissance survey of the entire study area
The following standard method is used for the collection of soil samples
A small tool called “Khurpi” was used for sample collection.
Sample was taken from the surface to plough depth 0-22 cm from 15 spots in the field of uniform nature.
o Locations such as recently fertilized, old bunds, marshy spots, near trees, compost heaps and farm sheds etc. were avoided at the time of sampling.
o Each Sample collected was a uniformly thick 2cm slice of soil from the exposed soil face V- shaped hole.
o Information sheet on each sample was filled out completely.
Collected soil samples were delivered to the laboratory for physical and chemical analysis of various parameters.
Table No.3.21.Soil Sampling Locations
Sr. No. Name of the Location 1. Yewateshwar 2. Pimpalvadi 3. Bhairavgaon 4. Sangave 5. Sambhajinagar-Sangave 6. Naradave Dam 7. Gopuri Ashram 8. Jambhalgaon 9. Jambhavade
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 70
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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10. Kankavali KT Weir 11. Digavale Rehabilitation 12. Near KT Weir No. 3 13. Near KT Weir No.1
Table No.3.22.Test Methods Used for Soil Quality Analysis
Sr. Parameters Unit No. 01 Texture - 02 Percentage Of Different Components Sand % Silt % Clay % 03 Soil Moisture % 04 Bulk Density gm/cm2 05 Water Holding Capacity %
06 pH -- 07 Conductivity µs/cm 08 Organic Carbon % 09 Calcium (as Ca) mg/kg 10 Magnesium (as Mg) mg/kg 11 Available Nitrogen kg/ha 12 Phosphorous (as P) kg/ha 13 Potassium (as K) kg/ha 14 Iron (as Fe) mg/kg 15 Zinc (as Zn) mg/kg 16 Copper (as Cu) mg/kg 17 Sodium mg/kg 18 Manganese (as Mn) mg/kg 19 Total Chromium (as Cr) mg/kg 20 Nickel (as Ni) mg/kg 21 Cadmium (as Cd) mg/kg
22 Lead (as Pb) mg/kg 23 Sodium Adsorption Ratio - 24 Total alkalinity % 25 Salinity dS/m 26 Sulphur mg/kg
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 71
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Figure No. 3.9. Soil Sampling Location Map
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 72
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Table No.3.23.Physico-chemical Characteristics of Soil in Winter
Sangave (Near Sambhajinagar- Gopuri Ashram Sr. Naradave Yewateshwar Pimpalvadi Bhairavgaon KT Weir-Gad Sangave (Near (Near KT Weir- Dam No. Parameter Units River) Bore Well) Kankavali Taluka) 1. Texture - Clay Loam Clay Loam Clay Loam Clay Loam Clay Loam Clay Loam Clay Loam 2. Percentage Of Different Components Sand % 24 20 21 23 24 23 25 Silt % 35 34 33 31 32 34 32 Clay % 41 46 46 46 44 43 43 3. Soil Moisture % 8.6 9.84 9.5 9.4 9.6 9.15 10.2 4. Bulk Density gm/cm2 1.14 1.16 1.15 1.20 1.14 1.16 1.14 5. Water Holding Capacity % 60 65.5 54.8 64 62 44 60 6. pH -- 7.95 8.05 6.41 7.92 7.85 6.42 7.22 7. Conductivity µs/cm 714 718 576 589.4 584.6 589.34 650.5 8. Organic Carbon % 0.58 0.64 0.62 0.66 0.64 1.41 0.62 9. Calcium (as Ca) mg/kg 320 445 384 336.6 316.6 420 344.6 10. Magnesium (as Mg) mg/kg 130 184 147 121.5 143.4 206 150.2 11. Available Nitrogen kg/ha 278 345 320 219.3 244.2 274 256.9 12. Phosphorous (as P) kg/ha 9.15 6.8 12.3 8.25 7.73 7.48 9.55 13. Potassium (as K) kg/ha 179.2 260.4 223 191.1 191.5 240 219.8 14. Iron (as Fe) mg/kg 5.14 8.68 5.81 8.92 6.38 6.84 8.32 15. Zinc (as Zn) mg/kg 1.95 1.74 1.71 3.10 1.22 1.01 1.16 16. Copper (as Cu) mg/kg 0.75 0.68 0.65 0.68 0.75 0.54 0.58 17. Sodium mg/kg 38 45 44 36.9 41.5 38 41.5 18. Manganese (as Mn) mg/kg 0.843 0.94 0.62 0.62 0.89 0.60 0.56 19. Total Chromium (as Cr) mg/kg <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 20. Nickel (as Ni) mg/kg <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 21. Cadmium (as Cd) mg/kg <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 22. Lead (as Pb) mg/kg <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 23. Sodium Adsorption Ratio - 2.53 2.54 2.71 2.44 2.83 2.15 2.64 24. Total alkalinity % <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 25. Salinity dS/m 0.714 0.718 0.576 0.589 0.584 0.589 0.650 26. Sulphur mg/kg <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 73
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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Jambhalgao Jambhavade Digavale Rehabilitation Sr. Kankavali KT Weir KT Weir n (Near Rehabilitation (Kudal (Kankavali Taluka- No. Parameter Units KT Weir No. 3 No.1 Open Well) Taluka-Command Area) Command Area) 1. Texture - Clay Loam Clay Loam Clay Loam Clay Loam Clay Loam Clay Loam 2. Percentage Of Different Components Sand % 23 26 24 24 27 27 Silt % 32 33 31 33 34 36 Clay % 45 41 45 43 39 37 3. Soil Moisture % 8.4 9.24 9.0 9.2 8.5 8.2 4. Bulk Density gm/cm2 1.12 1.13 1.18 1.15 1.12 1.12 5. Water Holding Capacity % 58.4 58.4 62 62 49.5 40.2 6. pH -- 7.84 8.10 7.56 8.12 7.86 7.80 7. Conductivity µs/cm 695.4 472 582.4 610 641.3 642.4 8. Organic Carbon % 0.60 0.58 0.62 0.54 0.56 0.50 9. Calcium (as Ca) mg/kg 323 210 328.6 320 323 380 10. Magnesium (as Mg) mg/kg 110 108 150.7 108 122 145 11. Available Nitrogen kg/ha 265 240 219.2 210 320.4 246 12. Phosphorous (as P) kg/ha 11.7 9.85 9.8 8.57 9.14 10.3 13. Potassium (as K) kg/ha 212.8 138 191.2 180.6 230 134.4 14. Iron (as Fe) mg/kg 6.14 7.47 7.86 8.62 6.87 7.18 15. Zinc (as Zn) mg/kg 0.84 1.04 1.11 2.15 0.95 1.28 16. Copper (as Cu) mg/kg 1.10 0.74 0.74 0.72 0.74 0.66 17. Sodium mg/kg 42 48 40.4 32 43 39 18. Manganese (as Mn) mg/kg 0.72 0.85 0.59 0.7 0.73 0.68 19. Total Chromium (as Cr) mg/kg <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 20. Nickel (as Ni) mg/kg <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 21. Cadmium (as Cd) mg/kg <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 22. Lead (as Pb) mg/kg <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 23. Sodium Adsorption Ratio - 2.88 3.80 2.62 2.19 2.88 2.40 24. Total alkalinity % <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 25. Salinity dS/m 0.695 0.472 0.582 0.610 0.641 0.642 26. Sulphur mg/kg <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 74
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Observations:
Soil samples from 13 representative areas were taken from sources and described in above table. The pH values ranges from 6.41 to 8.12.
Electrical Conductivity was maximum at Pimpalvadi (718 µS/cm) and minimum at Jambhawade (472 µS/cm).
Organic carbon was observed maximum (1.41 %) at dam site and minimum (0.50 %) at K.T Weir No.1.
Calcium was observed maximum (445 mg/kg) at Pimpavadi and minimum (210 mg/kg) at Jambhalwade. Similarly, Magnesium ranges from 108 mg/kg to 206 mg/kg.
Maximum available Nitrogen (345 kg/ha) was observed at Pimpalwadi. Concentration of Sodium ranged between 32 mg/l to 48 mg/kg.
Similarly, concentration of Potassium ranges between 134.4mg/l to 260.4 mg/kg.
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 75
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Table No.3.24. Physico-chemical Characteristics of Soil - Summer
Jambhavade Sambhajinagar- Gopuri Ashram (Near Jambhalgaon Sr. Sangave (Near KT Naradave Rehabilitation Kankavali KT Sangave (Near KT Weir-Kankavali (Near Open No. Parameter Units Weir-Gad River) Dam (Kudal Taluka- Weir Bore Well) Taluka) Well) Command Area) 1. Texture - Clay Loam Clay Loam Clay Loam Clay Loam Clay Loam Clay Loam Clay Loam 2. Percentage Of Different Components Sand % 26 27 21 24 23 29 25 Silt % 30 32 33 31 34 33 32 Clay % 44 41 46 45 43 38 43 3. Soil Moisture % 9.8 8.6 9.2 8.0 7.82 7.8 7.6 4. Bulk Density gm/cm2 1.18 1.08 1.16 1.12 1.15 1.05 1.16 5. Water Holding Capacity % 65 58 64 58 60 54.8 58 6. pH -- 7.92 7.82 7.78 7.52 7.73 7.56 7.68 7. Conductivity µs/cm 655 757 685.2 650.5 727 670.8 650.9 8. Organic Carbon % 0.62 0.65 0.60 0.68 0.72 0.62 0.64 9. Calcium (as Ca) mg/kg 356 296.5 316.6 356 344.6 316.6 336.6 10. Magnesium (as Mg) mg/kg 118 145 122 153.1 145.8 111.8 131.2 11. Available Nitrogen kg/ha 206 212.9 288.0 244.2 298 263.3 228 12. Phosphorous (as P) kg/ha 9.1 8.16 9.8 9.55 8.2 7.43 9.8 13. Potassium (as K) kg/ha 185.2 189.1 208.2 218 191.6 189.7 152 14. Iron (as Fe) mg/kg 9.10 6.23 8.14 8.45 8.13 7.58 7.82 15. Zinc (as Zn) mg/kg 3.2 1.18 0.75 1.18 1.12 0.78 1.09 16. Copper (as Cu) mg/kg 0.65 0.72 0.92 0.52 0.52 0.65 0.72 17. Sodium mg/kg 38.1 42 40.4 41 42.7 41.5 41.5 18. Manganese (as Mn) mg/kg 0.65 0.92 0.65 0.55 0.89 0.82 0.57 19. Total Chromium (as Cr) mg/kg <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 20. Nickel (as Ni) mg/kg <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 21. Cadmium (as Cd) mg/kg <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 22. Lead (as Pb) mg/kg <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 23. Sodium Adsorption Ratio - 2.48 2.83 2.72 2.57 2.73 2.84 2.73 24. Total alkalinity % <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 25. Salinity dS/m 0.655 0.757 0.685 0.650 0.727 0.670 0.650 26. Sulphur mg/kg <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 76
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
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Sr. Digavale Rehabilitation (Kankavali Yewateshw KT Weir No. 3 KT Weir No.1 Pimpalvadi Bhairavgaon No. Parameter Units Taluka-Command Area) ar 1. Texture - Clay Loam Clay Loam Clay Loam Clay Loam Clay Loam Clay Loam 2. Percentage Of Different Components Sand % 25 25 32 27 22 24 Silt % 33 32 30 30 33 32 Clay % 42 43 38 43 45 44 3. Soil Moisture % 8.15 8.10 8.60 8.20 8.60 8.26 4. Bulk Density gm/cm2 1.17 1.11 1.16 1.18 1.18 1.12 5. Water Holding Capacity % 61 62 64 62 62 61.2 6. pH -- 7.83 7.84 7.81 7.89 7.94 7.72 7. Conductivity µs/cm 698.4 578 602.8 718 722.6 702.8 8. Organic Carbon % 0.64 0.64 0.62 0.60 0.68 0.64 9. Calcium (as Ca) mg/kg 340.6 256.5 260.5 316.6 384.7 356.7 10. Magnesium (as Mg) mg/kg 148.2 102.1 116.6 128.8 150.7 128.8 11. Available Nitrogen kg/ha 269.3 244.4 238.1 275.6 288.2 294.6 12. Phosphorous (as P) kg/ha 8.12 8.58 8.25 8.4 6.96 7.98 13. Potassium (as K) kg/ha 189.7 192.7 173.7 173.2 191.1 194.3 14. Iron (as Fe) mg/kg 7.53 8.50 7.58 8.18 7.58 8.58 15. Zinc (as Zn) mg/kg 0.98 1.16 0.72 2.25 2.75 2.3 16. Copper (as Cu) mg/kg 0.49 0.75 0.65 0.65 0.58 0.55 17. Sodium mg/kg 42.7 41.5 40.4 41.5 45 41.5 18. Manganese (as Mn) mg/kg 0.58 0.75 0.65 0.58 0.61 0.52 19. Total Chromium (as Cr) mg/kg <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 20. Nickel (as Ni) mg/kg <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 21. Cadmium (as Cd) mg/kg <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 22. Lead (as Pb) mg/kg <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 23. Sodium Adsorption Ratio - 2.73 3.12 2.94 2.78 2.76 2.67 24. Total alkalinity % <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 25. Salinity dS/m 0.698 0.578 0.602 0.718 0.722 0.702 26. Sulphur mg/kg <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 77
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Observations:
Soil samples from 13 representative areas were taken from sources and described in above Table. The pH values ranges from 7.52 to 7.94.
Electrical Conductivity was maximum at Sambhajinagar-Sangave (Bore Well) (757 µS/cm) and minimum near KT Weir No. 3 (578 µS/cm).
Organic carbon was observed in the range of 0.60 to 0.72.
Calcium was observed maximum (384.7 mg/kg) at Pimpavadi and minimum (256.5 mg/kg) near KT Weir No. 3.
Similarly, Magnesium ranges from 102.1 mg/kg to 153.1 mg/kg.
Maximum available Nitrogen (298 kg/ha) was observed at Jambhalgaon (Near Open Well. Concentration of Sodium ranged between 38.1 mg/l to 42.7 mg/kg.
Concentration of Potassium ranges between 152 mg/l to 218 mg/kg.
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 78
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Drainage system
Damaged area can be classified in two categories i.e. 1. Water logged area & 2. Saline area.
Water logged area is identified by observing ground water table levels in the command. Generally, water levels in the wells are observed twice a year i.e. pre monsoon (March, April & May) and post monsoon (Nov. Dec. and Jan.) period.
Saline soils contains excess amount of soluble salts like sodium chloride, sodium sulphate, calcium chloride, calcium sulphate, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulphate etc.
Drainage system of Gad sub basin is consist of River Gad and its trIbutaries nameli Janavli and Kasal,also some minor rivers and Nallas.In this Drainage system one medium projects is located i.e Nardave Medium Project. Soil of this basin is drainable and slopes are steep, no damaged area is noticed. Drainage map is attatched here with it shows almost all part of basin is well drained.
Figure No. 3.10. Soil Drainage Map of Gad Basin
Reference: Master Plan for Integrated Development and Management of Water resources of Gad Basin by Executive Director, Konkan Irrigation Development Corporation, Thane
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 79
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
3.11 Ecology and Biodiversity
The Nardave Medium project is situated in the Kankavli Taluka of Sindhudurga district in the catchment area of Gad River. This area lies in the foothills of Sahyadri ranges on the western side of Kolhapur district.
The area is situated in the undulating terrain of Sahyadri ranges.
The project area is mainly characterized by deciduous and moist deciduous vegetation with semi evergreen and evergreen elements in patches.
Semi evergreen and evergreen forests patches observed mainly towards Sahyadri hill ranges in the area under catchment.
Areas under submergence are mainly with scanty vegetation but near wall of the dam a forest patch have been observed.
Area consists of main agriculture crops like rice, barley, ragi during monsoon season with fruit bearing crops like coconut, cashew nut & areca nut in fragmented areas.
The vegetation cover is scanty with much disturb forests in many places due intense tree cuttings in the area under submergence.
Methodology for collection of Biodiversity Data
To understand the impact of the proposed activity of irrigation project on vegetation, the detailed phytosociological studies for herbaceous and trees, ephemeral study were undertaken.
3.11.1 Ephemeral Plant
Ephemerals and herbaceous are the short lived plants. For knowing their diversity, the checklist of the species was prepared at various locations. The areas were selected and visited during the monsoon season.
Representative characterization of herbaceous diversity incorporating measures of species richness requires sampling during the monsoon or during ephemeral/flowering period. It is
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 80
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
necessary to assess their diversity by conducting actual survey to the site. Since the flowering period is very small rapid diversity assessment of these species is important. This mainly involved random search within various areas sampled catchment, submergence and command area of the project.
Table No.3.25.List of Ephemeral Plant in Catchment area
Sr. No. Name of Species Family 1. Aeginetia indica L. Scrophulariaceae 2. Aerides crispa Lindl Orchidaceae 3. Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. Asteraceae 4. Amorphophallus bulbifer (Roxb.) Blume Araceae 5. Amorphophallus commutatus (Schott) Engl. Araceae 6. Anagallis arvensis L. Primulaceae 7. Ariopsis peltata Nimmo Araceae 8. Arisaema murrayi (J. Graham) Hook. Arcaceae 9. Arisaema tortuosum (Wall.) Schott Araceae 10. Begonia crenata Drynad. Begoniaceae 11. Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. Oxalidaceae 12. Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. Asteraceae 13. Burmannia pusilla (Miers) Thwaites Burmanniaceae 14. Canscora diffusa (Vahl) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult. Gentianceae 15. Ceropegia hirsuta Wight. & Arn. Asclepiadaceae 16. Ceropegia oculata Hook. Asclepiadaceae 17. Chlorophytum glaucum Dalzell Anthericaceae 18. Chlorophytum laxum R. Br. Anthericaceae Cheilocostus speciosus (J.Koenig) C.D.Specht Costaceae 19. Synonym Costus speciosus (J. Konig) Sm. 20. Crotalaria filipes Benth Leguminosae 21. Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. Hypoxidaceae 22. Curcuma pseudomontana J. Graham Zingiberaceae 23. Dendrobium barbatulum Lindl. Orchidaceae 24. Dendrobium microbulbon A.Rich. Orchidaceae 25. Drosera indica L. Droseraceae 26. Conchidium microchilos (Dalzell) Rauschert Orchidaceae 27. Eriocaulon sp. Eriocaulaceae 28. Exacum pumilum Griseb. Gentianaceae 29. Habenaria grandifloriformis Blatt. & McCann Orchidaceae 30. Habenaria longicorniculata J. Graham Orchidaceae 31. Habenaria marginata Colebr Orchidaceae 32. Impatiens acaulis Arn. Balsminaceae 33. Impatiens balsamina L. Balsaminaceae 34. Impatiens minor (DC.) Benner Balsaminaceae
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 81
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Sr. No. Name of Species Family 35. Impatiens pulcherrima Dalzell Balsminaceae 36. Indigofera glandulosa Wendl. Leguminosae 37. Justicia japonica Thunb. Acanthaceae 38. Siphonochilus aethiopicus (Schweinf.) B.L.Burtt Zingiberaceae 39. Lindernia crustacea (L.) F. Muell. Scrophulariaceae 40. Nervilia plicata (Andrews) Schltr. Orchidaceae 41. Pimpinella tomentosa Dalzell ex C. B. Clarke Apiaceae 42. Rhynchoglossum obliquum Gentianaceae 43. Senecio bombayensis N.P.Balakr. Asteraceae 44. Sonerila scapigera Dalzell Melstomataceae 45. Sopubia delphinifolia G. Don. Scrophulariaceae 46. Torenia indica Sant. Scrophulariaceae 47. Utricularia graminifolia Vahl Lentibulariaceae 48. Utricularia striatula Sm. Lentibulariaceae 49. Zingiber neesanum (J. Graham) Ramamoorthy Zingiberaceae
Table No.3.26.List of Ephemeral Plant in Submergence area
Sr. No. Name of Species Family 1. Amorphophallus commutatus (Schott) Engl. Araceae 2. Ariopsis peltata Nimmo Araceae 3. Arisaema tortuosum (Wall.) Schott Araceae 4. Begonia crenata Drynad. Begoniaceae 5. Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. Oxalidaceae 6. Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. Asteraceae 7. Burmannia pusilla (Miers) Thwaites Burmanniaceae 8. Canscora diffusa (Vahl) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult. Gentianceae 9. Ceropegia oculata Hook. Asclepiadaceae 10. Chlorophytum glaucum Dalzell Anthericaceae 11. Chlorophytum laxum R. Br. Anthericaceae Cheilocostus speciosus (J.Koenig) C.D.Specht Costaceae 12. Synonym Costus speciosus (J. Konig) Sm. 13. Crotalaria filipes Benth Leguminosae 14. Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. Hypoxidaceae 15. Curcuma pseudomontana J. Graham Zingiberaceae 16. Dendrobium barbatulum Lindl. Orchidaceae 17. Dendrobium microbulbon A.Rich. Orchidaceae 18. Conchidium microchilos (Dalzell) Rauschert Orchidaceae 19. Eriocaulon sp. Eriocaulaceae 20. Habenaria grandifloriformis Blatt. & McCann Orchidaceae 21. Habenaria longicorniculata J. Graham Orchidaceae 22. Habenaria marginata Colebr Orchidaceae 23. Impatiens acaulis Arn. Balsminaceae
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 82
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Sr. No. Name of Species Family 24. Impatiens balsamina L. Balsaminaceae 25. Impatiens minor (DC.) Benner Balsaminaceae 26. Impatiens pulcherrima Dalzell Balsminaceae 27. Indigofera glandulosa Wendl. Leguminosae 28. Curcuma scaposa (Nimmo) Škorničk. & M.Sabu Zingiberaceae 29. Lindernia crustacea (L.) F. Muell. Scrophulariaceae 30. Nervilia plicata (Andrews) Schltr. Orchidaceae 31. Pimpinella tometnosa Dalzell ex C. B. Clarke Apiaceae 32. Rhynchoglossum obliquum Blume Gentianaceae 33. Senecio bombayensis N.P.Balakr. Asteraceae 34. Sonerila scapigera Dalzell Melstomataceae 35. Sopubia delphinifolia G. Don. Scrophulariaceae 36. Utricularia graminifolia Vahl Lentibulariaceae 37. Utricularia striatula Sm. Lentibulariaceae 38. Zingiber neesanum (J. Graham) Ramamoorthy Zingiberaceae
Table No.3.27.List of Ephemeral Plant in Command area
Sr. No. Name of Species Family 1. Aerides crispum Lindl. Orchidaceae 2. Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. Asteraceae 3. Amorphophallus commutatus (Schott) Engl. Araceae 4. Arisaema murrayi (J. Graham) Hook. Arcaceae 5. Arisaema tortuosum (Wall.) Schott Araceae 6. Begonia crenata Drynad. Begoniaceae 7. Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. Oxalidaceae 8. Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. Asteraceae 9. Canscora diffusa (Vahl) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult. Gentianceae 10. Ceropegia hirsuta Wight. & Arn. Asclepiadaceae 11. Ceropegia oculata Hook. Asclepiadaceae 12. Chlorophytum laxum R. Br. Anthericaceae Cheilocostus speciosus (J.Koenig) C.D.Specht Costaceae 13. Synonym Costus speciosus (J. Konig) Sm. 14. Crotalaria filipes Benth Leguminosae 15. Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. Hypoxidaceae 16. Curcuma pseudomontana J. Graham Zingiberaceae 17. Dendrobium barbatulum Lindl. Orchidaceae 18. Dendrobium microbulbon A.Rich. Orchidaceae 19. Drosera indica L. Droseraceae 20. Conchidium microchilos (Dalzell) Rauschert Orchidaceae 21. Eriocaulon sp. Eriocaulaceae 22. Habenaria marginata Colebr Orchidaceae 23. Impatiens acaulis Arn. Balsminaceae
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 83
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Sr. No. Name of Species Family 24. Impatiens balsamina L. Balsaminaceae 25. Impatiens minor (DC.) Benner Balsaminaceae 26. Impatiens pulcherrima Dalzell Balsminaceae 27. Indigofera glandulosa Wendl. Leguminosae 28. Justicia japonica Thunb. Acanthaceae 29. Curcuma scaposa (Nimmo) Škorničk. & M.Sabu Zingiberaceae 30. Lindernia crustacea (L.) F. Muell. Scrophulariaceae 31. Sonerila scapigera Dalzell Melstomataceae 32. Torenia indica Sant. Scrophulariaceae 33. Utricularia graminifolia Vahl Lentibulariaceae 34. Utricularia striatula Sm. Lentibulariaceae 35. Zingiber neesanum (J. Graham) Ramamoorthy Zingiberaceae
3.11.2 Phytosociological Study
The random sampling was carried out at various locations. At each location, quadrats of 10X10 meters were taken for trees while 1X1m quadrats for herbaceous members. All the individual trees above 10cm GBH were measured for their girth. Basic species diversity studies and phyto-sociological studies (diversity, frequency and cover analysis) were conducted. Sampling sites from the submergence and catchment areas were selected. In the command area vegetation survey has been carried out and plant species were enlisted.
3.11.2.1 Phytosociological Studies - Herbaceous Vegetation
1. Bhairavgaon villages and Dam wall area:
In Bhairavgaon village and dam wall area ecological study have been carried out. A total of 10 quadrats of 1m X 1m size were carried out randomly. The detailed list of herbaceous plant species is enlisted separately. Quantitative estimation of this area including frequency of the sp. and frequency classes is given below:
Sr. No. Name of Species Freq.% Freq. Class 1. Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. Oxalidaceae 10 A 2. Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. Asteraceae 60 C 3. Burmannia pusilla (Wall.exMiers)Thwaites Burmanniaceae 70 C 4. Crotalaria filipes Benth Leguminosae 60 C 5. Crotalaria spectabilis Bth. Leguminosae 40 B 6. Drosera indica L. Droseraceae 20 A 7. Exacum pumilum Griseb. Gentianaceae 30 B
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 84
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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Sr. No. Name of Species Freq.% Freq. Class 8. Grass (Brown Head) 20 A 9. Habenaria marginata Colebr Orchidaceae 20 A 10. Impatiens balsamina L. Balsaminaceae 10 A 11. Indigofera glandulosa Wendl. Leguminosae 60 C 12. Justicia japonica Thunb. Acanthaceae 10 A Heteropogon contortus (L.) P.Beauv. ex Poaceae 13. Roem. & Schult. 80 D 14. Lindernia crustacea (L.) F. Muell. Scrophulariaceae 30 B 15. Urena lobata L. Malvaceae 40 B 16. Osbeckia muralis Naud. Melastomataceae 30 B 17. Smithia conferta J.M.Sm. Leguminosae 60 C 18. Smithia setulosa Dalz. Leguminosae 40 B 19. Sopubia delphinifolia (L.) G. Don Scrophulariaceae 20 A 20. Sporobolus Sp. Poaceae 40 B 21. Striga gesneroides (Willd.) Vatke ex Engl. Scrophulariaceae 10 A 22. Triumfetta rhomboidea N. Jacq. Malvaceae 40 B Vigna radiata var. setulosa (Dalzell) Ohwi Leguminosae 23. & Ohashi 20 A
In this area a total of 23 plant species had been recorded. Heteropogon contortus (L.) P.Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. is the most frequent plant species with 80 % frequency. This is followed by Burmannia pusilla (Miers) Thwaites (70 % freq.), Crotalaria filipes Benth, Indigofera glandulosa Wendl.,Smithia conferta J.M.Sm.with 60 % frequency. Out of 23 species 9 species shows freq. Class A, 8 sp. with B class, 5 sp. with class C and 1 sp. with class D.
2. Yavateshwar & Mahamdwadi:
Sr. No. Name of Plant Freq.% Freq. Class 1 Burmannia pusilla (Miers) Thwaites 60 C 2 Crotalaria filipes Benth 80 D 3 Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC. 60 C 4 Exacum pumilum Griseb. 100 E 5 Digitaria pedicellaris Prain. 80 D 6 Justicia japonica Thunb. 20 A 7 Heteropogon contortus (L.) P.Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. 100 E 8 Lindernia crustacea (L.) F. Muell. 80 D 9 Osbeckia muralis Naud. 20 A 10 Sporobolus indicus (L.) R.Br. 40 B 11 Torenia indica Sant. 20 A 12 Xyris indica L. 60 C
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 85
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
The area under submergence in Yavateshwar and Mahamwadi villages has been studied in respect of ecological study. Total 5 quadrats of 1m X 1m size for herbaceous species randomly taken in this area. In these quadrats total 12 herbaceous species has been found out of which Exacum pumilum Griseb. & Heteropogon contortus (L.) P.Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult shows 100 % frequency with frequency class E. This is followed by Crotalaria filipes Benth & Digitaria pedicellaris Prain with 80 % frequency. The frequency class A shown by 3 sp., freq. Class B by 1 sp., freq. Class C by 3 sp. and freq. class E by 2 sp. In the study area the elements observed are typically from grassland vegetation.
3. Gaderai, Durganagar:
Sr. No. Name of Plant Family Freq.% Freq. Class 1. Amorphophallus bulbifer (Roxb.) Blume Araceae 60 C 2. Breynia retusa (Dennst.) Alston Phyllanthaceae 20 A 3. Carissa spinarum L. Asclepiadaceae 40 B 4. Caryota urens L. Arecaceae 20 A 5. Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. Hypoxidaceae 20 A 6. Curcuma pseudomontana J. Graham Zingiberaceae 80 D 7. Debregeasia longifolia (Burm.f.) Wedd. Urticaceae 20 A 8. Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC. Leguminosae 40 B 9. Dioscorea pentaphylla L. Dioscoreaceae 60 C 10. Elephantopus scaber L. Asteraceae 40 B 11. Impatiens balsamina L. Balsaminaceae 40 B 12. Ixora brachiata Roxb. Rubiaceae 80 D Lamprachaenium microcephalum (Dalzell) Asteraceae 13. C.B.Clarke 20 A 14. Leea indica (Burm. f.) Merr Vitaceae 40 B 15. Maesa indica (Roxb.) A. DC. Primulaceae 40 B 16. Mammea suriga (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) 20 A 17. Falconeria insignis Royle Euphorbiaceae 20 A 18. Smilax zeylanica L. Smilacaceae 20 A 19. Strychnos nux-vomica L. Loganiaceae 20 A 20. Symplocos racemosa Roxb. Symplocaceae 40 B 21. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Myrtaceae 60 C 22. Ziziphus oenopolia (L.) Mill. Rhamnaceae 40 B
In village Durganagar, a Gaderai- sacred grooves have been recorded and present ecological study have been carried out. The area of sacred groove is not under submergence. Ecological study of arboreal flora has also been carried out. Along with this the area under growth containing herbaceous and seedlings of trees, climbers and shrubs were also recorded in the
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 86
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018 quadrats. Total 5 quadrats of 1m X 1m size have been carried out randomly. In the sampling area a total of 22 sp. have been recorded out of them 8 are herbs, 4 are saplings of shrubs and 10 are samplings of trees. In herbs Curcuma pseudomontana J. Graham and Ixora brachiata Roxb. and Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels with 6o % frequency from trees were dominating with 80 % frequency. Frequency class A shown by 9 sp., freq. class B by 8 species freq. class C by 3 species and freq. class D by two species.
3.11.2.2 Phyto-Sociological Study – Tree Vegetation
Mahamadwadi- Dam wall area:
The field data were analyzed for following ecological importance as Frequency, Abundance, Density, GBH (>10cm), Importance Value Index (IVI) and Diversity Index. The IVI is a composite index based on measures of Relative Frequency, Relative Density, Relative Dominance (Muller-Domois & Ellenberg, 1974). Diversity Index was calculated for two indices as Simpson and Shannon-Wiever Index. The Simpson index was adapted to study whether diversity is increasing. Shannon-Weaver Index was used to determine whether the upper story is impoverished to the regenerated elements as well as to test diversity in two different plots. The sampling sites for tree vegetation were dam wall area in Mahamdwadi, Jambhalgaon, Durganagar and Yavateshwar.
Near wall of the dam ecological survey including frequency, density and abundance have been carried out for trees. In this area 5 quadrats of 10m X 10m were carried out.
Frequency, Abundance and Density:
Name of Species Freq. Den. Abundance Freq. Class Careya arborea Roxb. 50 0.062 1 C Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. 100 0.5 4 E Mangifera indica L. 50 0.062 1 C Syzygium cuminii (L.) Skeels 100 0.12 1 E Tectona grandis L. 100 0.12 1 E Terminalia paniculata Roth. 50 0.062 1 C Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC. 50 0.062 1 C
In this region a total of 7 tree species were recorded out of them Lagerstroemia parviflora, Syzygium cuminii and Tectona grandis were dominating with 100 % frequency. In these
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 87
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quadrats freq. class C shown by four sp. while freq. class E by three sp. Abundance of Lagerstroemia parviflora found to be maximum.
IVI and Basal Area of the sampling area:
Name of Species Rel.Freq. Rel.Den. Rel.Dom. IVI BA/tree Careya arborea Roxb. 10 6.25 4.21 20.46 50 Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. 20 50 52.48 122.48 77.87 Mangifera indica L. 10 6.25 6.73 22.98 80 Syzygium cuminii (L.) Skeels 20 12.5 13.39 45.89 79.5 Tectona grandis L. 20 12.5 14.32 46.82 85 Terminalia paniculata Roth. 10 6.25 5.054 21.30 60 Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC. 10 6.25 3.79 20.04 45
The Importance Value Index (IVI) based on measures of Relative Frequency, Relative Density and Relative Dominance was calculated. In which higher IVI found in Lagerstroemia parviflora followed by Tectona grandis and Syzygium cuminii. Girth at breast height (GBH) per tree was also calculated in which Tectona grandis with 85 GBH and Mangifera indica with 80 GBH.
The species diversity Index (Shannon-Weaver Index) of the biodiversity was calculated to determine whether the upper storey is impoverishing to the regenerated elements. The index value is 0.677317, which is lower than tropical forests.
Durganagar:
This area is situated towards southern side of the dam area. Most of the area is under catchment while some area under submergence with scanty tree vegetation. A total four quadrats of 10mX10m was carried out.
Name of Species Freq. Den. Abundance Freq. Class Bridelia retusa (L.) A. Juss. 50 0.5 1 C Careya arborea Roxb. 25 0.25 1 B Caryota urens L. 25 0.25 1 B Erythrina variegata L. 25 0.25 1 B Ficus amplissima J.E.Sm. 25 0.25 1 B Ficus racemosa L. 50 0.5 1 C Gmelina arborea Roxb. 25 0.25 1 B Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. 25 0.25 1 B Mammea suriga (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Koesterm 25 0.5 2 B
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 88
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Name of Species Freq. Den. Abundance Freq. Class Mangifera indica L. 25 0.75 3 B Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz 25 0.25 1 B Phyllanthus emblica L. 25 0.25 1 B Sapium insigne (Royle) Benth. 25 0.25 1 B Syzygium cuminii (L.) Skeels 50 1.75 3.5 C Terminalia elliptica Willd. 25 0.25 1 B Terminalia paniculata Roth. 75 1.25 1.6 D Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC. 25 0.5 2 B
In this region a total of 17 plant species were recorded. The most dominant species are Syzygium cuminii, Terminalia paniculata and Mangifera indica. Out of 17 sp. Terminalia paniculata shows 75 % frequency, which is followed by Bridelia retusa, Ficus racemosa and Syzygium cuminii with 50 % frequency. In these quadrats frequency class B shown by 13 species, frq. Class C by 3 sp. and freq. class D by 1 sp.
Importance Value Index (IVI) and Basal Area in Durganagar:
Rel. Rel. Rel. GBH/ Name of Species IVI Freq. Den. Dom. Tree Bridelia retusa (L.) A. Juss. 9.09 6.060 3.87 123.15 49 Careya arborea Roxb. 4.54 3.030 3.55 63.19 90 Caryota urens L. 4.54 3.030 4.34 63.98 110 Erythrina variegata L. 4.54 3.030 1.89 61.53 48 Ficus amplissima J.E.Sm. 4.545 3.030 2.76 62.40 70 Ficus racemosa L. 9.09 6.060 18.17 137.45 230 Gmelina arborea Roxb. 4.54 3.030 7.90 67.54 200 Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. 4.54 3.030 2.72 62.36 69 Mammea suriga (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Koesterm 4.54 6.060 2.88 62.52 36 Mangifera indica L. 4.54 9.090 10.66 70.30 90 Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz 4.54 3.030 1.50 61.14 38 Phyllanthus emblica L. 4.54 3.030 1.382 61.02 35 Sapium insigne (Royle) Benth. 4.54 3.030 2.29 61.93 58 Syzygium cuminii (L.) Skeels 9.09 21.21 17.93 137.22 64 Terminalia elliptica Willd. 4.54 3.030 1.50 61.14 38 Terminalia paniculata Roth. 13.63 15.15 12.64 191.56 64 Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC. 4.54 6.060 3.95 63.59 50
Importance Value Index (IVI) in Durganagar village have been studied which shows higher value in Terminalia paniculata (191.56) which is a predominant species. This is followed by Syzygium cuminii (137.22), Ficus racemosa (137.45) & Bridelia retusa (123.15). Out of 17
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 89
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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species recorded from study area 75% species shows IVI below the value of 70. In the study area Ficus racemosa shows maximum basal area value as 230, which is followed by Gmelina arborea (200), Caryota urens (110) & Careya arborea (90). These values indicate the basal cover or ground covered dominantly by these species. A total of 33 individuals of 17 species shows total basal area cover 2531. In the Durganagar village area the diversity index was calculated and the value of Simpson Index was 0.01333, which is poor due to very low tree density. The Shannon Index calculated and the value (1.116995) of the index was poor because of low tree density.
Jambhalgaon:
This area is situated in the central part of the dam area. Most of the area is under catchment while some area under submergence with scanty tree vegetation. A total four quadrats of 10mX10m was carried out.
Name of Species Freq. Den. Abundance Freq. Class Careya arborea Roxb. 40 0.4 0.06 B Dalbergia horrida (Dennst.) Mabb. 20 0.6 0.09 A Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. 20 0.2 0.03 A Ficus racemosa L. 20 0.2 0.03 A Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. 60 1 0.15 C Mangifera indica L. 20 0.6 0.09 A Nothopegia castaneaefolia (Roth) Ding Hou 20 0.2 0.03 A Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz 20 0.2 0.03 A Sapium insigne (Royle) Benth. 20 0.2 0.03 A Syzygium cuminii (L.) Skeels 60 0.8 0.15 C Terminalia paniculata Roth. 80 1.8 0.28 D Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC. 20 0.2 0.03 A
In this region a total of 12 plant species were recorded. The most dominant species are Terminalia paniculata, Lagerstroemia parviflora and Syzygium cuminii. Out of 17 sp. Terminalia paniculata shows 80 % frequency, which is followed by Lagerstroemia parviflora and Syzygium cuminii. In these quadrats frequency class A shown by 8 species, freq. Class B by 1 sp. and freq. class C by 2 sp. and freq. class D by 1 sp.
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 90
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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Importance Value Index (IVI) and Basal Area in Jambhalgaon:
Rel. Rel. Rel. GBH/ Name of Species IVI Freq. Den. Dom. Tree Careya arborea Roxb. 10 6.25 7.74 23.99 93 Dalbergia horrida (Dennst.) Mabb. 5 9.37 4.53 18.91 36.33 Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. 5 3.12 1.62 9.749 39 Ficus racemosa L. 5 3.12 9.57 17.70 230 Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. 15 15.6 15.86 46.49 76.2 Mangifera indica L. 5 9.37 9.62 23.99 77 Nothopegia castaneaefolia (Roth) Ding Hou 5 3.12 1.79 9.915 43 Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz 5 3.12 2.99 11.12 72 Sapium insigne (Royle) Benth. 5 3.12 2.83 10.95 68 Syzygium cuminii (L.) Skeels 15 12.5 14.70 42.20 88.25 Terminalia paniculata Roth. 20 28.1 25.61 73.73 68.33 Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC. 5 3.12 3.082 11.20 74
Importance Value Index (IVI) in Jambhalgaon village have been studied which shows higher value in Terminalia paniculata (73.73) which is a predominant species. This is followed by Lagerstroemia parviflora (46.49) and Syzygium cuminii (42.20). Out of 12 species recorded from study area 80% species shows IVI below the value of 25.
In the study area Ficus racemosa shows maximum basal area value as 230, which is followed by Careya arborea (93), Syzygium cuminii (88.25), Mangifera indica (77) and Lagerstroemia parviflora (76.20). These values indicate the basal cover or ground covered dominantly by these species. A total of 32 individuals of 12 species shows total basal area cover 2401. In the Jambhalgaon village area the diversity index was calculated and the value of Simpson Index was 0.007937, which is very poor due to very low tree density. The Shannon Index calculated and the value was 0.944023, which was very poor due to low density in this area.
Yavateshwar:
Yavateshwar village is situated towards eastern side of the dam deep in the Sahyadri hills. A scared groove / devrai has been recorded in this village just near the tail end of the dam. Detailed ecological survey including IVI, Relative Frequency, Relative Density, Relative Dominance (Muller-Domois & Ellenberg, 1974) has been carried out. Diversity Index was calculated for two indices as Simpson and Shannon-Weaver Index. The Simpson index was adapted to study whether diversity is increasing. Shannon-Weaver Index was used to
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 91
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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determine whether the upper story is impoverished to the regenerated elements as well as to test diversity in two different plots.
Name of Species Freq. Den. Abundance Freq. Class Anamirta cocculus (L.) Wight & Arn. 33.33 0.33 1 B Calycopteris floribunda (Roxb.) Poir. 16.66 0.16 1 A Dimorphocalyx lawianus Mull. Arg. 50 1 2 C Diospyros oocarpa Thw. 83.33 2.83 3.4 E Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch. 16.66 0.16 1 A Ixora brachiata Roxb. 16.66 0.33 2 A Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. 16.66 0.16 1 A Mammea suriga (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Koesterm 33.33 0.66 2 B Myristica malabarica Lam. 16.66 0.16 1 A Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre 16.66 0.16 1 A Scutia myrtina (Burm.f.) Kurz 16.66 0.16 1 A Syzygium cuminii (L.) Skeels 16.66 0.33 2 A Syzygium lanceolatum (Lam.) Wight & Arn. 16.66 0.16 1 A Tamarindus indica L. 16.66 0.16 1 A Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. 16.66 0.16 1 A Terminalia chebula Retz. 33.33 0.33 1 B Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC. 16.66 0.16 1 A
In this sacred groove the most frequent, dense and abundant species was Diospyros oocarpa with 83.33 % frequency, 2.83 density and value of abundance was 3.4. A total of 17 species were recorded in the sampling area in which freq. class A shown by 12 sp, freq. class B by 3 sp., freq. class C and E by 1 sp. each.
In this study area plant species like Dimorphocalyx lawianus, Diospyros oocarpa, Ixora brachiata, Mammea surigo, Myristica malabarica, Terminalia bellirica and Terminalia chebula are from typical evergreen forests. These woody members include woody lianas like Anamirta cocculus and Calycopteris floribunda.
Importance Value Index (IVI) and Basal Area in Yavateshwar Sacred Groove:
Rel. Rel. Rel. GBH/ Name of Species IVI Freq. Den. Dom. Tree Anamirta cocculus (L.) Wight & Arn. 7.69 4.44 3.12 15.25 52.5 Calycopteris floribunda (Roxb.) Poir. 3.84 2.22 1.45 7.52 49 Dimorphocalyx lawianus Mull. Arg. 11.53 13.33 13.85 38.72 77.66 Diospyros oocarpa Thw. 19.23 37.77 30.21 87.21 59.76
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Rel. Rel. Rel. GBH/ Name of Species IVI Freq. Den. Dom. Tree Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch. 3.84 2.22 10.52 16.59 354 Ixora brachiata Roxb. 3.84 4.44 2.97 11.26 50 Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. 3.84 2.22 0.83 6.90 28 Mammea suriga (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Koesterm 7.69 8.88 8.95 25.53 75.25 Myristica malabarica Lam. 3.84 2.22 2.313 8.38 78 Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre 3.84 2.22 6.83 12.90 230 Scutia myrtina (Burm.f.) Kurz 3.84 2.22 0.80 6.87 27 Syzygium cuminii (L.) Skeels 3.84 4.44 2.31 10.60 39 Syzygium lanceolatum (Lam.) Wight & Arn. 3.84 2.22 1.33 7.40 45 Tamarindus indica L. 3.84 2.22 2.82 8.89 95 Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. 3.84 2.22 2.52 8.59 85 Terminalia chebula Retz. 7.69 4.44 7.87 20.01 132.5 Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC. 3.84 2.22 1.21 7.287 41
Importance Value Index (IVI) in Yavateshwar scared groove have been studied which shows higher value in Diospyros oocarpa (87.21) which is a predominant species. This is followed by Dimorphocalyx lawianus (38.72) and Mammea surigo (25.53). Out of 17 species recorded from study area 85% species shows IVI below the value of 20.
Durganagar- Gaderai:
In Durganagar village along the peripheral roadside one sacred groove namely Gaderai have been recorded. The detailed ecological survey has been studied including herbaceous and arboreal plants species. The phytosociological survey is given below:
Name of Species Freq. Den. Abundance Freq. Class Carissa congesat Wight 25 0.25 1 B Caryota urens L. 50 0.75 1.5 C Catunaregum spinosa (Thunb.) Thirveng. 25 0.25 1 B Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. 25 0.25 1 B Diospyros oocarpa Thw. 50 0.75 1.5 C Ficus racemosa L. 25 0.25 1 B Garcinia indica Choisy 25 0.25 1 B Gmelina arborea Roxb. 25 0.25 1 B Ixora brachiata Roxb. 50 3 6 C Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. 50 1 2 C Mammea suriga (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Koesterm 25 0.75 3 B Mangifera indica L. 50 0.5 1 C Myristica malabarica Lam. 50 0.75 1.5 C
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Name of Species Freq. Den. Abundance Freq. Class Randia dumetorum (Retz.) Poir 25 0.25 1 B Sapium insigne (Royle) Benth. 50 0.5 1 C Strychnos nux-vomica L. 25 0.25 1 B Strychnos walchiana Steud ex DC. 25 0.25 1 B Syzygium cuminii (L.) Skeels 50 2.5 5 C Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC. 25 0.25 1 B
In the Gaderai sacred groove, a total of 4 quadrats of 10 m X 10 m have been studied which shows occurrence of 19 plant species. Amongst them 8 sp. shows 50 % frequency and 11 sp. shows 25 % frequency. In the frequency classes, frequency class B by 11 sp. and frequency class B by 11 sp. The most abundant and commonly occurring species was Ixora brachiata and Syzygium cuiminii.
Importance Value Index (IVI) and Basal Area in Durganagar-Gaderai Sacred Groove:
Name of Species Rel.Freq. Rel. Den. Rel.Dom. IVI GBH/Tree Carissa congesta Wight 3.70 1.88 1.01 6.60 32 Caryota urens L. 7.40 5.66 6.81 19.8 71.33 Catunaregum spinosa (Thunb.) Thirveng. 3.70 1.88 0.82 6.41 26 Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. 3.70 1.88 2.70 8.29 85 Diospyros oocarpa Thw. 7.40 5.66 4.36 17.42 45.66 Ficus racemosa L. 3.70 1.88 4.45 10.04 140 Garcinia indica Choisy 3.70 1.88 1.464 7.054 46 Gmelina arborea Roxb. 3.70 1.88 3.183 8.77 100 Ixora brachiata Roxb. 7.40 22.6 18.17 48.22 47.58 Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. 7.40 7.54 11.04 26.00 86.75 Mammea suriga (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Koesterm 3.70 5.66 4.10 13.47 43 Mangifera indica L. 7.40 3.77 11.07 22.26 174 Myristica malabarica Lam. 7.40 5.66 3.34 16.41 35 Randia dumetorum (Retz.) Poir 3.70 1.88 1.17 6.76 37 Sapium insigne (Royle) Benth. 7.40 3.77 3.69 14.87 58 Strychnos nux-vomica L. 3.70 1.88 1.46 7.054 46 Strychnos walchiana Steud ex DC. 3.70 1.88 1.59 7.182 50 Syzygium cuminii (L.) Skeels 7.40 18.8 18.5 44.80 52.90 Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC. 3.70 1.88 0.95 6.54 30
In the study area Mangifera indica shows maximum basal area value per tree as 174 cm, which is followed by Ficus racemosa (140 cm), Gmelina arborea (100 cm), Lagertsroemia parviflora (86.75 cm) and Dillenia pentagyna (85 cm). These values indicate the basal cover or ground
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 94
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Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018 covered dominantly by these woody species. In six quadrats a total of 53 individuals of 19 species shows total basal area cover 3141 cm. In this sacred groove the diversity index was calculated and the value of Simpson Index was 0.00360, which is very poor due to very low tree density. The Shannon Index calculated and the value was 2.5215, which was poor due to low density in this area.
Importance Value Index (IVI) in Durganagar scared groove have been studied which shows higher value in Ixora brachiata (48.22) and Syzygium cuminii (44.80) which are predominant species. This is followed by Lagerstroemia parviflora (26.00) and Mangifera indica (22.26). Out of 19 species recorded from study area 15 species shows IVI below the value of 20.
3.11.3 Vegetation survey in Command area
Assessment of command area under Nardave medium irrigation project has been carried out in Kankavli Taluka along Kudal and Malvan Taluka. This work was carried out during October 2017 to May 2018. This study deals with whether the change is occurs in vegetation pattern in command area compared to area under submergence and catchment. During this, field visits were carried out in villages along right and left irrigation canal of proposed Nardave medium irrigation project. Villages like Jambhavade, Bamandevwadi, Harkul, Bijali nagar, Nagve, Varvade and Gothane has been selected along the river for vegetation survey.
During the visit period visual observation on vegetation was carried out. In this area it was found that the study area was much disturb due to various agricultural activities. Natural vegetation was found in scanty patches. Area along river Gad is quite flat in Bijali Nagar with cultivation of agriculture crops like Rice, Coconut, and Cashewnut plantation. In Bijali nagar a dense forest patch was recoded which consisting Terminalia paniculata, Careya arborea, Terminalia ellptica, Terminalia chebula, Phyllanthus emblica, Combretum ovatum, Calycopteris floribunda, Dalbergia horrida, Bombax malabarica, Ficus ampliseema, Schleichera oleosa, Syzygium cuminii, etc.
In Kanedi village Oil palm plantation was also occurs and the forest is mainly consisting elements of dry deciduous forests in undulating terrain. Mostly the post monsoon elements were observed and recorded. Command area consists of mainly rice crops along with fruits bearing plants like coconut, cashew nut, areca nut, etc. The forest type was moist deciduous to
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Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018 deciduous type with important elements like Ziziphus mouritiana, Carissa congesta, Gnedia glauca, Spondias Mangifera, Ficus amplissima, Pongamia pinnata, Grewia asiatica, etc.
Table No.3.28. List of trees in the command area
Sr. No. Name of Species Habit Family Common Name 1. Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Tree Leguminosae Austrelian Babhul Benth. 2. Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. Tree Leguminosae Khair 3. Achyranthes aspera L. Herb Amaranthaceae Aghada 4. Ageratum conyzoides L. Herb Asteraceae 5. Allophylus cobbe (L.) Raeusch. Shrub Sapindaceae Tipani 6. Amorphophallus bulbifer (Roxb.) Blume Herb Araceae Suran 7. Anacardium occidentale L. Tree Anacardiaceae Kaju 8. Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Tree Moraceae Phans 9. Biophytum sensitivum (L.)DC. Herb Oxalidaceae 10. Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. Herb Asteraceae 11. Bombax ceiba L. Tree Bombaceae Shemal 12. Bombax insigne Wall. Tree Bombaceae 13. Bridelia retusa (L.) A. Juss. Tree Euphorbiaceae Katak 14. Burmannia pusilla (Wall.exMiers) Herb Murmanniaceae Thwaites 15. Careya arborea Roxb. Tree Lecithidaceae Kumbha 16. Carissa congesta Wight Shrub Asclepiadaceae Karavand 17. Cassia tora L. Shrub Caesalpiniaceae Takala 18. Casuarina equisetifolia L. Tree Casuarinaceae Suru 19. Cissus elongata Roxb. Shrub Vitaceae 20. Cocos nucifera L. Tree Arecaceae Naral 21. Dalbergia horrida (Dennst.) Mabb. Liana Fabaceae Pendkul 22. Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Tree Fabaceae Shisavi 23. Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees Tree Poaceae Bambu 24. Ficus amplissima J.E.Sm. Tree Moraceae Payar 25. Ficus hirsuta L.f. Tree Moraceae Kala Umbar 26. Ficus racemosa L. Tree Moraceae Umbar 27. Gloriosa superba L. Climber Liliaceae Kallavi 28. Gmelina arborea Roxb. Tree Lamiaceae Shivan 29. Grewia asiatica L. Tree Tiliaceae 30. Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale Tree Rubiaceae Haldu 31. Heterophragma quadriloculare (Roxb.) Tree Bignoniaceae Waras K.Shum. 32. Hibiscus hispidissimus Griff. Shrub Malvaceae 33. Homonoia riparia Lour. Shrub Euphorbiaceae 34. Ixora coccinea L. Shrub Rubiaceae Ishvari 35. Jasminum malabaricum Wight Climber Oleaceae Ranjai
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Sr. No. Name of Species Habit Family Common Name 36. Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. Tree Lythraceae Nana 37. Leea indica (Burm. f.) Merr Shrub Leeaceae Dinda 38. Leucas ciliata Benth. Herb Lamiaceae 39. Loranthus falcatus L. f. Herb Loranthaceae Bandgul 40. Mangifera indica L. Tree Anacardiaceae Amba 41. Mimosa pudica L. Herb Leguminosae Lajalu 42. Mussaenda belilla Buch.-Ham. Shrub Rubiaceae Bhutkes 43. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz Tree Bignoniaceae Tetu 44. Osbeckia muralis Naud. Herb Melastomatacea e 45. Pavetta indica L. var. tomentosa (Roxb. Shrub Rubiaceae Phapat ex Sm.) Hook. f. 46. Pogostemon deccanensis (Panigrahi) Herb Lamiaceae Press 47. Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Tree Fabaceae Karanj 48. Striga gesneroides (Willd.) Vatke ex Herb Scrophulariacea Engl. e 49. Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Tree Combretaceae Beheda 50. Terminalia chebula Tree Combretaceae Hirda 51. Terminalia elliptica Willd. Tree Combretaceae Ain 52. Terminalia paniculata Roth. Tree Combretaceae Kinjal 53. Thespesia lampas (Cav.) Dalzell & A. Shrub Malvaceae Ran-Bhendi Gibson 54. Tolypanthus lagenifer (Wight) Tiegh. Herb Loranthaceae 55. Triumfetta rhomboidea N. Jacq. Herb Tiliaceae 56. Urena lobata L. Herb Malvaceae 57. Vigna sublobata (Roxb.) Babu & Climber Fabaceae Halinda Sharma 58. Vitex negundo L. Tree Lamiaceae Nirgudi 59. Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC. Tree Rutaceae Cherphal 60. Ziziphus oenoplia (L.) Mill. Liana Rhamnaceae Bor
3.11.4 Conclusion Vegetation Study
The vegetation survey of Nardave medium irrigation project area of Kankavli Taluka of Sindhudurga district reveals a total 147 plant species recorded during study period. Out of 147 species recorded 42 are herbaceous, 19 are shrubs, 17 are climbers, 7 are woody liana and 62 are tree species. In the study area dominating families are Papilionaceae 8 sp., Moraceae 8 sp., Euphorbiaceae 6 sp., Combretaceae & Asclepiadaceae 5 sp. each and Rubiaceae 4 sp.. In study area a monotypic endemic genera with single species namely
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Erinocarpus nimmonii is recorded representing family Tiliaceae. Only gymnosperm Gnetum ula is also recorded from Yavateshwar village.
In the study area it is estimated that 17 species, which are endemic to Western Ghats are occurring in the study area. These are Dimorphocalyx lawianus, Terminalia paniculata, Argyrea boseana, Argyrea cuneata, Ixora brachiata, Lamphrachnium microcephalum, Utricularia albocerulea, Jasminum malabaricum, Ceropegia oculata, Exacum pumilum, Strobilanthes callosa, Haplanthodes tentaculata, Pogostemon deccanensis, Dendrobium microbulbon, Dendrobium barbatulum, Ensete superbum, Amorphophallus commutatus. In RET category, Ceropegia oculata a critically endangered plant species were recorded from catchment area of Yavateshwar and Durganagar which is less affected by the activity of dam construction. Along with these Zingiber neesanum-Vulnerable taxa was also recorded. Low risk taxa like Amorphophallus commutatus, Strobilanthes callosa, Dendrobium microbulbon, Ensete superbum, Erinocarpus nimmonii are recorded from catchment area.
The qualitative analysis results into record of many lianas like Dalbergia horrida, Gnetum ula, Deploclasia glauscance, etc. especially occurs in the riparian vegetation of catchment area. Phytosociological study in the area under submergence shows less diversity and density in species composition. But in the catchment area and in sacred grooves species composition is variable and unique. Therefore in catchment area the vegetation could be more protected after this developmental activity of dam construction. Most of the area in the catchment sites preserves typical elements of respected forest types.
Based on overall vegetation and ecological assessment of Nardave Medium Irrigation project the construction activity of dam is less affected. Endemic and rare plants are recorded from catchment area but mostly from sacred grooves area. This region in future may act as most protected area for these endemic and rare plant species.
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Figure No. 3.11. Photographs of the Vegetation in the study area
Anamirta cocculus (L.) Wight & Arn. Thespesia lampas (Cav.) Dalzell & A. Gibson
Bombax insigne Wall. Homonoia riparia Lour.
Pogostemon deccanensis (Panigrahi) Press Terminalia chebula Retz.
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Cheilocostus speciosus (J.Koenig) C.D.Specht
Gloriosa superba L. Oryza sativa L.
3.11.5 Faunal Study
The checklists of Amphibians, Reptiles, Mammals, Butterflies, Dragonflies and Damselflies present in the study area, are enumerated in the table below.
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Table No.3.29.List of Amphibians and Reptiles in and around the Nardave project
Sr.No. Common Name Scientific Name IUCN Status IWPA Status Family - Bufonidae 1 Common Indian Toad Bufo melanostictus Not Enlisted Least Concern Family – Ranidae 2 Skittering Frog Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis Not Enlisted Least Concern 3 Indian Bull Frog Hoplobatrachus tigerinus Not Enlisted Least Concern Family – Geckonidae 4 Brook´Gecko Hemidactylus brookii Not Enlisted Not Enlisted 5 Southern House Gecko Hemidactylus frenatus Not Enlisted Least Concern Family – Agamidae 6 Common Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor Not Enlisted Not Enlisted Family – Chamaeleontidae 7 Indian Chameleon Chameleon zeylanicus Sch II Not Enlisted Family – Scincidae 8 Common Brahmany Skink Mabuya carinata Not Enlisted Least Concern Family - Varannidae 9 Common Indian Monitor Varanus bengalensis Not Enlisted Least Concern Family – Columbride 10 Indian Rat Snake Ptyas mucosa Sch II Not Enlisted 11 Common Wolf Snake Lycodon aulicus Not Enlisted Not Enlisted 12 Checkred Keelback Xenochrophis piscator Sch Not Enlisted 13 Green Keelback Macropisthodon plumbicolor Not Enlisted 14 Common Vine Snake Ahaetulla nasuta Not Enlisted Not Enlisted Family – Elapidae 15 Common Indian Krait Bangarus caeruleus Sch IV Not Enlisted 16 Indian Cobra Naja naja Sch II Least Concern Family – Viperidae 17 Indian Saw-Scaled Viper Echis carinatus Not Enlisted Not Enlisted
Mammals:
The survey revealed that nine species of common mammals were recorded while no wild mammal was observed in this area during the study period. Goat, buffalo, cow and squirrel were commonly seen.
Table No.3.30. List of Mammals in and around the Nardave project
No Common name Scientific name IWPA Status IUCN Status Family -Viverridae 1 Common mongoose Herpestes edwardsi Sch- II Least Concern Family -Scuiridae 2 Three striped palm squirrel Funambulus palmarum Not Enlisted Least Concern Family -Muridae 3 House rat Mus musculus Sch- IV Least Concern
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4 Field mouse Mus spp Not Enlisted Not Enlisted Family -Felidae 5 Common cat Felis silvestris catus Not Enlisted Not Enlisted 6 Common dog Canis lupus familiaris Not Enlisted Not Enlisted Family-Bovidae 7 Cow Bos taurus Not Enlisted Not Enlisted 8 Domestic buffalo Bubalus bubalis Not Enlisted Not Enlisted 9 Goat Capra hircus aegagrus Not Enlisted Not Enlisted
Butterfly Diversity
Table depicts the distribution patterns of 35 butterfly species recorded during the study period. In the study area the diversity of butterfly appears to be good. Nymphalidae was most dominant followed by Pieridae. Common Rose, Lime Butterfly, Common Jay, Common Emigrant, Common Grass Yellow, Small Grass Yellow, Blue Tiger, Plain Tiger, Lesser Grass Blue etc. are common in the study area . Increased butterfly populations indicate good plant diversity and other pollinator groups within the area.
Table No.3.31.Checklist of Butterflies in and around study area
No. Common Name Scientific Name IWPA Status IUCN Status Family – Hesperiidae 1 Fulvous Pied Flat Pseudocoladenia dan Not Enlisted Not enlisted 2 Indian Ace Halpe homolea Not Enlisted Not enlisted Family – Papilionidae 3 Common Jay Graphium doson Not Enlisted Not enlisted 4 Tailed Jay Graphium Agamemnon Not Enlisted Not enlisted 5 Blue Mormon Papilio polymnestor Not Enlisted Not enlisted 6 Lime Butterfly Papilio demoleus Not Enlisted Not enlisted 7 Common Rose Atrophaneura aristolochiae Sch-I Not enlisted Family – Pieridae 8 Common Grass Yellow Eurema hecabe Not Enlisted Not enlisted 9 Common Emigrant Catopsilia pomona Not Enlisted Not enlisted 10 Mottled Emigrant Catopsilia pyranthe Not Enlisted Not enlisted 11 Common Wanderer Pareronia valeria Not Enlisted Not enlisted 12 Common Gull Cepora nerissa Not Enlisted Not enlisted 13 Common Jezebel Delias eucharis Not Enlisted Not enlisted Family – Lycaenidae 14 Lesser Grass Blue Zizina otis Not Enlisted Not enlisted 15 Plum Judy Abisara echerius Not Enlisted Not enlisted Family – Nymphalidae 16 Blue Tiger Tirumala limniace Not Enlisted Not enlisted 17 Glassy Tiger Parantica aglea Not Enlisted Not enlisted
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No. Common Name Scientific Name IWPA Status IUCN Status 18 Common Indian Crow Euploea core Sch-IV Least Concern 19 Common Evening Brown Melanitis leda Not Enlisted Not enlisted 20 Dark Evening Brown Melanitis phedima Not Enlisted Not enlisted 21 Common Bushbrown Mycalesis persens Not Enlisted Not enlisted 22 Common Fourring Ypthima hiiebneri Not Enlisted Not enlisted 23 Tawny Coster Acraea violae Not Enlisted Not enlisted 24 Rustic Cupha erymanthis Not Enlisted Not enlisted 25 Common Leopard Phalanta phalanta Not Enlisted Not enlisted 26 Indian Common Sailer Neptis hylas Not Enlisted Not enlisted 28 Angled Castor Ariadne ariadne Not Enlisted Not enlisted 29 Common Castor Ariadne merione Not Enlisted Not enlisted 30 Chocolate Pansy Junonia iphita Not Enlisted Not enlisted 31 Grey Pansy Junonia atlites Not Enlisted Not enlisted 32 Peacock Pansy Junonia almana Not Enlisted Least Concern 33 Lemon Pansy Junonia lemonias Not Enlisted Not enlisted 34 Great Eggfly Hypolimnas bolina Not Enlisted Not enlisted 35 Danaid Eggfly Hypolimnas misippus Sch-IV Not enlisted
Dragonflies and Damselflies
Seven species of dragonflies and three species of damselflies were found in the study area. Species like Brachythemis contaminate, Trithemis aurora, Orthetrum sabina and Acisoma panorpoides were commonly seen throughout the project area while damselfly Ischnura aurora was common in the periphery of the project site.
Table No.3.32.Checklist of Dragonflies and Damselflies in and around study area
Sr. No. Common Name Scientific Name IUCN Status Dragonflies 1 Crimson Marsh Glider Trithemis aurora Not enlisted 2 Ditch Jewel Brachythemis contaminata Not enlisted 3 Asian Pintail Acisoma panorpoides Not enlisted 4 Long Legged Marsh Skimmer Trithemis pallidinervis Not enlisted 5 Common Picture Wing Rhyothemis variegata Not enlisted 6 Common Clubtail Ictinogomphus rapax Least Concern 7 Green Marsh Hawk Orthetrum sabina Least Concern Damselflies 1 Golden Dartlet Ischnura aurora Not enlisted 2 Senegal Golden Dartlet Ischnura senegalensis Not enlisted 3 Three Striped Blue Dart Pseudagrion decorum Not enlisted
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Figure No. 3.12. Photographs of the Butterfly and Dragonflies in study area
Common Jay Blue Mormon
Indian common sailor Ditch Jewel
Common club tail Asian Pintail
Avifauna
Avifauna is an important part of the ecosystem playing various roles as scavengers, pollinators, predators of insect pest etc. They are also the bio-indicators of different status of environment like urbanization, industrialization and human disturbance. They are one of the best indicators of ecosystem. The areas having good bird diversity signifies healthy forest. They can be sensitive indicators of pollution problems and function as early warning system.
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Observation: Total numbers of 29 species of birds were encountered during the survey. Many aquatic birds like red wattled lapwing, pond heron, cattle egret, river tern, kingfishers etc. were encountered. In areas with agriculture fields, the grain eating herbivorous species like, doves, sparrows and parakeets while Insectivorous bird species viz. green bee eater, white breasted kingfisher, cattle egrets etc were found. Indian peafowl and Malbar Pied Hornbill are listed endangered (Schedule I) as per Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972.One RET species namely Malbar Pied Hornbill is observed within 10km surroundings.
Table No.3.33.List of Birds in and around the Nardave Project
Sr.No. Common Name Scientific Name IUCN IWPA Status Status Family –Ardeidae 1. Pond Heron Ardeola grayii LC Not Enlisted 2. Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis LC Schedule IV Family –Laridae 3. River Tern Sterna aurantia NT Not Enlisted Family – Accipitridae 4. Pariah Kite/Black Kite Milvus migrans LC Not Enlisted 5. Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus LC Not Enlisted Family – Phasianidae 6. Grey Jungle fowl Gallus sonneratii Not Enlisted Schedule IV 7. Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus LC Schedule I Family – Charadriidae 8. Redwattled Lapwing Vanellus cinereus Not Enlisted Not Enlisted Family – Columbidae 9. Blue Rock Pigeon Columba livia Not Enlisted Schedule IV 10. Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis LC Schedule IV 11. Common Emerald Dove Chalcophaps indica LC Schedule IV Family – Psittacidae 12. Rose- Ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri LC Schedule IV Family – Apodidae 13. House Swift Apus acuticauda LC Schedule IV Family – Alcedinidae 14. Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis Not Enlisted Schedule IV 15. White breasted Halcyon smyrnensis Not Enlisted Schedule IV Kingfisher 16. Stork billed kingfisher Pelargopsis capensis Not Enlisted Schedule IV Family – Meropidae 17. Small Green Bee Eater Merops orientalis Not Enlisted Schedule IV Family – Bucerotidae 18. Malbar Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros coronatus Near ThreatenedSchedule I
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Sr.No. Common Name Scientific Name IUCN IWPA Status Status Family –Muscicapidae 19. Malabar whistling thrush Myophonus horsfieldii LC Not Enlisted Family – Dicruridae 20. Black Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis LC Schedule IV Family – Sturnidae 21. Common Myna Acridotheres fuscus LC Schedule IV Family – Corvidae 22. House Crow Corvus splendens LC Schedule V Family - Picnonotidae 23. Red Vented Bulbul Picnonotus cafer LC Schedule IV Family - Muscicapidae 24. Jungle Babbler Turdoides striatus LC Schedule IV 25. Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis LC Not Enlisted 26. Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicata LC Not Enlisted Family - Motacillidaeh 27. Large Pied Wagtail Motacilla maderaspatensis Not Enlisted Not Enlisted Family – Nectariniidae 28. Purple rumped Sunbird Nectrarinia zeylonica Not Enlisted Schedule IV 29. Purple Sunbird Nectarinia asiatica LC Schedule IV
Figure No. 3.13. Photographs of the Bird Diversity in the study area
Malabar pied hornbill Indian Peafowl
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Little green bee eater Jungle babbler
Pond Heron Large pied wagtail
Little egret Stork billed kingfisher
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River tern Grey heron
Little cormorant Common kingfisher
White-breasted kingfisher Pied kingfisher
Red- wattled Lapwing Small blue kingfisher
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3.11.6 Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary
Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary is situated on the border of Kolhapur and Sindhudurg districts. This beautiful Sanctuary is nestled in the Sahyadri Hills. As this area lies in the Western Ghats, the plant life is extremely rich. The forest types are Southern Semi-evergreen, Southern Moist Mixed Deciduous and Southern Evergreen. The major tree species are Memecylon umbellatum, Terminalia chebula, Careya arborea and Lagerstroemia microcarpa.
Fruiting plants like Syzygium cumini, Ficus racemosa and Carissa spp. are found almost all over the area, attracting many frugivorous birds and mammals. Karvi Carvia callosa is the most important and widespread flowering plant species in this area, serving as a source of food for a multitude of herbivore species and insects. The Sanctuary also hosts threatened and endemic tree species such as Mappia foetida, Turpunia malbarica, Euphorbia longana, Elaeocarpus tectorium and Harpullia arborea.
About 240 bird species have been recorded from the Sanctuary (G. Jathar pers. comm. unpubl. checklist), though a detailed study on the avifauna has not yet been done. The globally threatened Nilgiri Wood-Pigeon Columba elphinstonii is seen here in small number, especially during the fruiting period. The site lies in the Western Ghats Endemic Bird Area (EBA 123) where Stattersfield et al. (1998) have identified 16 restricted range species. Two have been identified from this site but more are likely to occur here. The site represents Biome-10 (Indian Peninsula Tropical Moist Forest). Birdlife International (undated) has listed 15 species in this biome, out of which five are found here. Many species of Biome-11 (Indo-Malayan Tropical Dry Zone) are also seen, especially at lower elevations where this site merges with the Deccan Plateau. Biome-11 includes a wide range of habitats, including both forests and open country. Many of the species of this biome have adapted to man-modified habitats. Some species have changed their distributions so much that they are found in other biomes also. During winter, many Himalayan forest birds are found here. Indian Blue Robin Luscinia brunnea, belonging to Sino-Tropical Temperate Forest (Biome-7) has been seen here. Some interesting species such as the Ceylon Frogmouth Batrachostomus moniliger have been reported from this Sanctuary (V. Giri pers. comm. 2002). The Yellow-browed Bulbul Iole indica, Dusky Eagle Owl Bubo coromandus, Great Pied Hornbill Buceros bicornis, Black Bulbul Hypsipetes
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leucocephalus, Speckled Piculet Picumnus innominatus, and Malabar Crested Lark Galerida malabarica are commonly seen here.
There are some endemic and endangered species of reptiles and amphibians, notably the Trimeresurus malabaricus, Deccan Ground Gecko Geckoella deccanensis, Gunther’s Cat Skink Ristella guntheri, Beddome’s Lacerta Ophisops beddomei and amphibians such as Rammanela sp., Bombay Bush Frog Philautus bombayensis, and Humayun’s Wrinkled Frog Nyctibatrachus humayuni (V. Giri pers. comm. 2003).
This Sanctuary is well known for its Gaur Bos frontalis population. Other mammal species include Tiger Panthera tigris, Leopard P. pardus, Leopard Cat Prionailurus bengalensis, Slender Loris Loris tardigradus, Mouse Deer Moschiola meminna and the elusive nocturnal Indian Pangolin Manis crassicaudata. There are some endemic and endangered species of reptiles and amphibians, notably the Malabar Pit Viper Trimeresurus malabaricus, Deccan Ground Gecko Geckoella deccanensis, Gunther’s Cat Skink Ristella guntheri, Beddome’s Lacerta Ophisops beddomei and amphibians such as Rammanela sp., Bombay Bush Frog Philautus bombayensis, and Humayun’s Wrinkled Frog Nyctibatrachus humayuni (V. Giri pers. comm. 2002).
Source:
Bird Life International (undated) Important Bird Areas (IBAs) in Asia: Project briefing book. Bird Life International, Cambridge, U.K., unpublished. Satterfield, A. J., Crosby, M. J., Long, A. J. and Wege, D. C. (1998) Endemic Bird Areas of the World: Priorities for Biodiversity Conservation. Bird Life Conservation Series No. 7. Bird Life International, Cambridge, U.K Giri, B.V. (2002). Occurrence of the Ceylon Frogmouth Batrachostomus moniliger (Family: Podargidae) in Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary, Maharashtra. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 99(1): 116–117.
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Table No.3.34.Checklist of Mammals species in Radhanagari WLS, Kolhapur
Sr. Common name Scientific name IWPA IUCN No Status Status Family- Cercopithecidae 1 Bonnet macaque Macaca radiata Sch II Least Concern 2 Common langur Presbytis entellus Not Enlisted Not Enlisted Family – Felidae 3 Tiger Panthera tigris Sch I Endangered 4 Leopard Panthera pardus Sch I Vulnerable 5 Jungle cat Felis chaus Sch II Least Concern Family –Viverridae 6 Small Indian civet Viverricula indica Sch- II 7 Toddy cat Paradoxurus hermaphroditus Not Enlisted Not Enlisted 8 Leopard cat Prionailurus bengalensis Sch- I Least Concern Family –Hyaenidae 9 Striped hyena Hyena hyaena Not Enlisted Not Enlisted Family –Canidae 10 Jackal Canis aureus Sch- II Least Concern 11 Indian fox Vulpes bengalensis Sch- II Least Concern Family -Mustelidae 12 Indian tree shrew Anathana ellioti Not Enlisted Least Concern Family -Muridae 13 Mole rat Bandicota bengalensis Sch- IV Least Concern 14 Field mouse Mus spp Not Enlisted Not Enlisted 15 Bandicoot rat Bandicota indica Sch- IV Least Concern 16 Indian porcupine Hystrix indica Not Enlisted Least Concern Family- Ochotonidae 17 Indian hare Lepus nigricollis Sch- IV Least Concern 18 Spotted deer Axis axis Sch- III Least Concern 19 Barking deer Muntiacus muntjak Not Enlisted Least Concern 20 Indian Mouse Deer Moschiola meminna Least Concern Family –Suicidae 21 Indian wild boar Sus scrofa Not Enlisted Least Concern Family –Loridae 22 Slender Loris Loris tardigradus Least Concern Manidae 23 Indian Pangolin Manis crassicaudata Endangered
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Table No.3.35.Checklist of Amphibian species in Radhanagari WLS, Kolhapur
S.No Species Scientific name IUCN Status 1. Common Indian Toad Duttaphrynus melanostictus Least Concern 2. Indian skittering frog Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis Least Concern 3. Indian bull frog Hoplobatrachus tigerinus Least Concern 4. Indian burrowing frog Sphaerotheca breviceps Least Concern 5. Dobson's burrowing frog Sphaerotheca dobsonii Least Concern 6. Indian rice frog Fejervarya limnocharis Least Concern 7. Syhadra frog Zakerana syhadrensis Least Concern 8. Rufescent burrowing Frog Zakerana rufescens Least Concern 9. Ornate narrow-mouthed frog Microhyla ornata Least Concern 10. Red narrow-mouthed frog Microhyla rubra Least Concern 11. Marbled ramanella Ramanella mormorata Endangered 12. Indian balloon frog Uperodon globulosus Least Concern 13. Bombay night frog Nyctibatrachus humayuni Vulnerable 14. Night frog Nyctibatrachus sp. Not Enlisted 15. Fungoid frog Hylarana malabarica Least Concern 16. Bronzed frog Hylarana temporalis Near Threatened 17. Beddome's leaping frog Indirana beddomii Least Concern 18. Leaping frog Indirana sp. Not Enlisted 19. Chunam tree frog Polypedates maculatus Least Concern 20. Amboli bush frog Pseudophilautus amboli Critically Endangered 21. Bombay bush frog Raorchestes bombayensis Vulnerable 22. Bombay caecilian Ichthyophis bombayensis Least Concern
Table No.3.36.Checklist of Reptilian species in Radhanagari WLS, Kolhapur
S.No. Species Scientific name IUCN status 1. Indian black turtle Melanochelys trijuga LR/NT 2. Indian garden lizard Calotes versicolor Not Enlisted 3. Roux’s forest lizard Calotes rouxii Least Concern 4. Fan throated lizard Sitana ponticeriana Least Concern 5. Brook’s house gecko Hemidactylus brookii Least Concern 6. Yellow green house gecko Hemidactylus flaviviridis Least Concern 7. Deccan ground gecko Geckoella deccanensis Least Concern 8. Bombay Leaf-toed Gecko Hemidactylus prashadi Least Concern 9. Common keeled skink Eutropis carinata Least Concern 10. Three-lined grass skink Eutropis trivittata Least Concern 11. Common Indian Monitor Varanus bengalensis Least Concern 12. Brahminy worm snake Ramphotyphlops braminus LR/NT 13. Phipson’s shieldtail Uropeltis phipsonii VU 14. Large-scaled shieldtail Uropeltis macrolepis Least Concern 15. Common sand boa Gongylophis conicus Not Enlisted 16. Whitaker’s boa Eryx whitakeri Not Enlisted 17. Indian rock python Python m. molurus LR/NT
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S.No. Species Scientific name IUCN status 18. Common trinket snake Coelognathus helena helena LR/NT 19. Montane trinket snake Coelognathus helena monticollaris NA 20. Indian Rat snake Ptyas mucosa LR/NT 21. Common kukri snake Oligodon arnensis LR/NT 22. Russell’s kukri snake Oligodon taeniolatus LC 23. Common wolf snake Lycodon aulicus LR/NT 24. Travancore wolf snake Lycodon travancoricus Least Concern 25. Barred wolf snake Lycodon striatus Not Enlisted 26. Striped keelback Amphiesma stolatum LR/NT 27. Checkered keelback Xenochrophis piscator Least Concern 28. Green keelback Macrophistodon plumbicolor Not Enlisted 29. Common vine snake Ahaetulla nasuta LR/NT 30. Common Indian krait Bungarus caeruleus Not Enlisted 31. Spectacled cobra Naja naja Not Enlisted 32. Russell’s viper Daboia russelii Not Enlisted 33. Saw Scaled Viper Echis carinatus Not Enlisted 34. Bamboo pit viper Trimeresurus gramineus Least Concern
Source: Omkar V. Yadav and S. R. Yankanchi (2014) Preliminary Study Of Herpetofaunal Diversity In Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary (Wls), Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India, ISSN (online): 2320-4257.
Table No.3.37. Checklist of Birds in Radhanagari WLS, Kolhapur (MH) India
Sr. No. Common Name Scientific Name IUCN Status IWPA Status Family – Accipitridae 1. Oriental White-backed Vulture Gyps bengalensis Critically Schedule I Endangered 2. Long-billed Vulture Gyps indicus Critically Schedule I Endangered Family – Phasianidae 3. Jungle Bush Quail perdicula asiatica LC Schedule IV Family – Rallidae 4. White Breasted Waterhen Amourornis phoenicurus LC Not Enlisted Family – Columbidae 5. Laughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis LC Schedule IV 6. Yellow –footed Green Pigeon Treron phoenicoptera LC Schedule IV 7. Nilgiri Wood-Pigeon Columba elphinstonii Vulnerable Schedule IV Family – Psittacidae 8. Plum –headed Parakeet Psittacula cyanocephala LC Schedule IV Family - Cuculidae 9. Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopacea Not Enlisted 10. Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis LC Not Enlisted Family – Strigidae 11. Barn Owl Tyto alba LC Schedule IV
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Sr. No. Common Name Scientific Name IUCN Status IWPA Status 12. Spotted Owlet Athene brama LC Schedule IV Family – Caprimulgidae 13. Common Indian Nightjar Caprimulgus asiaticus Not Enlisted Schedule IV Family – Alcedinidae 14. Lesser Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis Not Enlisted Schedule IV Family – Bucerotidae 15. Common Grey Hornbill Ocyceros birostris Not Enlisted Schedule I 16. Great Pied Hornbill Buceros bicornis Not Enlisted Schedule I 17. Malabar Grey Hornbill Ocyceros griseus LC Schedule I Family – Megalaimidae 18. White –cheeked Barbet Megalaima viridis LC Schedule IV 19. Coppersmith Barbet Megalaima haemacephala LC Schedule IV 20. Brown-headed Barbet Megalaima zeylanica LC Schedule IV Family –Muscicapidae 21. Malabar Whistling Thrush Myophonus horsfieldii LC Not Enlisted Family – Picidae 22. Yellow – crowned Woodpecker Dendrocopos mahrattensis LC Schedule IV 23. Lesser Golden-backed Dinopium benghalensis Not Enlisted Schedule IV Woodpecker Family – Hirundinidae 24. Dusky Crag - Martin Hirundo concolor LC Not Enlisted 25. Red – rumped Swallow Hirundo daurica LC Not Enlisted Family – Laniidae 26. Long-Tailed Shrike Lanius schach LC Not Enlisted 27. Common Woodshrike Tephrodornis pondicerianus LC Not Enlisted Family – Oriolidae 28. Eurasion Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus Not Enlisted Not Enlisted 29. Black Hooded Oriole Oriolus xanthornus LC Not Enlisted Family – Dicruridae 30. Ashy Drongo Dicrurus leucophaeus LC Schedule IV 31. White – bellied Drongo Dicrurus caerulescens LC Schedule IV Family – Sturnidae 32. Brahminy Starling Sturnus pagodarum LC Schedule IV 33. Grey-headed Starling Sturnus malabaricus Not Enlisted Schedule IV Family – Corvidae 34. Large –Billed Crow Corvus macrorhynchus LC Schedule V Family – Campephagidae 35. Scarlet Minivet Pericrocotus flammeus LC Schedule IV 36. Small Minivet Pericrocotus cinnamomeus LC Schedule IV Family – Irenidae 37. Common Iora Aegithina tiphia LC Schedule IV Family - Muscicapidae 38. Yellow – eyed Babbler Chrysomma sinense LC Schedule IV 39. Large Grey Babbler Turdoides malcomi LC Schedule IV 40. Indian Scimitar-Babbler Pomatorhinus horsfieldii LC Schedule IV 41. Rufous-bellied Babbler Dumetia hyperythra Not Enlisted Schedule IV 42. Whitethroated Fantail Flycatcher Rhipidura albicollis Not Enlisted Schedule IV 43. Asian Paradise - Flycatcher Terpsiphone paradisi Not Enlisted Schedule IV 44. Ashy Prinia Prinia socialis Not Enlisted Not Enlisted
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Sr. No. Common Name Scientific Name IUCN Status IWPA Status 45. Jungle Prinia Prinia sylvatica LC Not Enlisted 46. Ashy Prinia Prinia socialis LC Not Enlisted 47. Common Tailor Bird Orthotomus sutorius Not Enlisted Not Enlisted 48. Common Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca Not Enlisted Not Enlisted 49. Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita LC Not Enlisted 50. Pied Bushchat Saxicola Caprata LC Not Enlisted 51. Indian Blue Robin Luscinia brunnea LC Not Enlisted Family - Paridae 52. Grey Tit Parus major LC Schedule IV Family - Motacillidaeh 53. Paddyfield Pipit Anthus rufulus LC Schedule IV 54. Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava LC Not Enlisted 55. Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea LC Not Enlisted Family – Dicacidae 56. Palebilled Flowerpecker Dicaeum erythrorhynchos Not Enlisted Not Enlisted Family – Nectariniidae 57. Loten´s Sunbird Nectrarinia lotenia LC Schedule IV 58. Small Sunbird Nectarinia minima LC Schedule IV Family -- Zosteropidae 59. Oriental White-Eye Zosterops palpebrosus LC Schedule IV Family -- Ploceidae 60. House Sparrow Passer domesticus LC Not Enlisted 61. Baya Ploceus phillippinus LC Schedule IV 62. Scaly – Breasted Munia Lonchura punctulata LC Schedule IV Family - Picnonotidae 63. Yellow-browed Bulbul Iole indica LC Schedule IV 64. Black Bulbul Hypsipetes leucocephalus LC Schedule IV Family - Alaudidae 65. Malabar Crested Lark Galerida malabarica LC Schedule IV Family - Podargidae 66. Ceylon Frogmouth Batrachostomus moniliger LC -
Source: http://ibcn.in/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Maharashtra.pdf
3.11.7 Wetland Ecology
Wetlands are areas where a water is at, near, or just above the surface and where soils are water saturated for a sufficient length of time such that excess water and resulting low soil oxygen levels are principal determinants of vegetation and soil development. Wetlands will have a relative abundance of obligate hydrophytes in the vegetation community and soils featuring “hydric” characteristics. From an ecological perspective, either an abundance of hydrophytes or indicators of hydric soil conditions is generally sufficient to indicate a wetland ecosystem. The boundary of the wetland is identified by changes in vegetation structure, loss of hydrophytes and wetland soil characteristics.
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Figure No. 3.14. View of Gad River
Figure No. 3.15. Collection of Plankton from various locations of the Gad River
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Phytoplankton
Plankton consists of any drifting animals and plants that inhabit oceans, seas, or bodies of water. Local abundance varies horizontally, vertically and seasonally. The primary cause of this variability is the availability of light. All plankton ecosystems are driven by the input of solar energy, confining primary production to surface waters, and to geographical regions and seasons having abundant light.
Phytoplankton are the autotrophic component of the plankton community. Most phytoplankton is too small to be individually seen with the unaided eye. However, when present in high enough numbers, they may appear as a green discoloration of the water due to the presence of chlorophyll within their cells. Phytoplankton are the foundation of the aquatic food chain. Phytoplankton obtains energy through the process of photosynthesis and must therefore live in the well-lit surface layer of an ocean, sea, lake, or other body of water. Phytoplankton accounts for half of all photosynthetic activity on Earth.
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Methods for Analysis
Apparatus and equipment
Depth water sampler, centrifuge, microscope, centrifuge tubes of 15 ml capacity, cover slips, glass slides, dropper, plastic bottles (100 ml capacity).
Reagent and Standard
Lugol’s solution-20 g potassium iodide (KI) in 50 ml distilled water+10 g iodine crystal +150 ml distilled water+20 ml glacial acetic acid.
Sample Collection, Preservation and Storage
Phytoplankton collection in the open water of the lakes consists of surface and deep grab sampling. Standard sampling depth for ‘surface’ and ‘bottom’ water samples are 10-20cm below the surface and above the bottom respectively.
The samples were preserved with Lugol’s solution immediately after collection.
Procedure
The Lackey Drop method (Lackey, 1938) is a simple method of obtaining counts of considerable accuracy with samples containing a dense plankton population. Concentration of Phytoplankton: The Phytoplankton density in clean water is very insignificant while it is significant in polluted water. Therefore the samples from clean water source need to be concentrated before counting for accurate estimation. The water sample was concentrated 15 times by centrifugation at 2500 rpm for 15 min. The supernatant water was decanted and the pellet of algal cells was suspended in 1 ml distilled water.
Counting: Took 0.04 ml of concentrated water sample to a glass slide and covered with an 18 mm glass cover slip. Using a compound microscope, and a magnification of 225x to 360x, phytoplankton colonies were observed and counted in 6 strips or 10 microscopic fields.
Data analysis and calculations
Phytoplankton count/ml = A x B x C x D/dilution factor Where, A=Average count/strip
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B=Number of strips in cover slip C=Number of drops/ml D=Volume of concentrated dilution factor
Enumeration and Indices
Shannon Wiener Diversity Index :Shannon Wiener Diversity Index (d) is a measure of diversity which takes into account the total count and individual count in water sample. A widely accepted ecological concept is that community with large number of species i.e. with high diversity will have stability and thus have the capability to resist adverse environment influences to certain extent. “The Shannon Wiener index ” values in the range of 3 and above are generally considered to represent healthy conditions of water. The values between 1 and 3 are believed to indicate semi and poor productivity respectively. It is expressed as follows.
ni ni SWI = log N 2 N Where, SWI = Shannon Wiener Diversity Index N = Total number of individuals of species in a sample n = number of individuals of species in a sample
Palmer Pollution Index: According to Palmer (1969), a total score of 20 or more in a sample is an indicator of organic pollution. The values between 15 and 20 are believed to indicate semi & poor productivity and below 15 is a indicator of absence of organic pollution respectively.
Table No.3.38. Algal genus Pollution Index (Palmer, 1969)
Sr. No Genus Pollution Index 1. Anacystis 1 2. Ankistrodesmus 2
3. Chlamydomonas 4 4. Chlorella 3
5. Closterium 1 6. Cyclotella 1 7. Euglena 5 8. Gomphonema 1 9. Lepocinclis 1
10. Melosira 1 11. Micractinium 1
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12. Navicula 3
13. Nitzschia 3 14. Oscillatoria 5 15. Pandorina 1 16. Phacus 2 17. Phormidium 1
18. Scenedesmus 4 19. Stigeoclonium 2
20. Synedra 2
Count: Phytoplankton counts recorded at different sampling stations, are presented in below tables. Total algal population varied between 1450 and 3950 algal cells ml-1 in winter while 2010 and 4520 algal cells ml-1 in summer. Gopuri Ashram (Tal. Kankavali)- K.T. Weir showed highest count of phytoplankton in both the season. Phytoplankton population comprised of 4 major groups, namely Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Euglenophyceae with eighteen genera. Chlorophyceae dominated all the samples. The SWI values varied between 1.23 and 2.75 that suggest low to medium impact of pollution or adverse factor.
The most pollution tolerant species, according to Palmer’s Index are listed in Table. PPI varied between 12 and 20.Chlorophyceae was dominant in all the samples. The organically polluted algae like Anabena, Aphanocapsa, Spirulina and Oscillatoria were also recorded in Gad River.
Table No.3.39.Enumeration of Phytoplankton in Gad River
Sample Sampling Locations Phyto- Percent Composition of algal groups SWI PPI No. Season plankton Chloro- Cyano- Bacillario- Eugleno- (No/ml) phyceae phyceae phyceae phyceae 1. Sangave KT Weir Winter 1450 55 25 10 10 2.15 15 (Gad River) Summer 2010 60 20 10 10 2.70 18 2. Nardave Dam Winter 2130 50 30 15 5 2.75 12 Summer 2350 45 25 20 10 2.10 15 3. Gopuri Ashram (Tal. Winter 3950 65 15 20 - 1.85 13 Kankavali)-KT Weir Summer 4520 55 25 10 10 2.55 15 4. Kankavali KT Weir Winter 2540 50 20 20 10 1.75 17 (Gad River) Summer 3230 55 15 20 10 2.54 16 5. Jambhavade School Winter 2110 55 15 30 10 2.10 17 Summer 3570 50 20 30 - 1.98 20 Ranges of Shannon Wiener Diversity Index (SWI) <1: Indicate poor productive water Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 120
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1-3 Indicate medium productive water >3 Indicate good productive water Ranges of Palmer’s Pollution index (PPI) <15: Indicate absence of organic pollution. 15 to <20: Indicate presence of organic pollution >20: Indicate presence of high organic pollution
Table No.3.40.Phytoplankton Genera Recorded in Gad River
Sr. Phytoplankton Genera Winter Summer No Chlorophyceae
1. Closterium sp. + + 2. Scenedesmus + + 3. Ulothrix sp. + +
4. Pediastrum + + 5. Chlorella sp. + - 6. Cosmarium + +
7. Ankistrodesmus + + Bacillariophyceae 1. Navicula sp. + +
2. Fragillaria sp. + + 3. Cyclotella sp. + + 4. Synedra sp. + +
5. Melosira sp. - + 6. Nitzschia sp. - + Cyanophyceae
1. Anabaena sp. + + 2. Oscillatoria sp. + + 3. Aphanocapsa - + 4. Spirulina sp. + - Euglenophyceae 1. Phacus sp. + - Reference:
Palmer, C M (1969). A composite rating of algae tolerating organic pollution. Phyco. l5: 78-82. Lackey, J. B. (1938). The Manipulation and Counting of River Plankton and Changes in Some Organisms Due to Formalin Preservation. Public health reports. 53: 2080-2093.
Zooplankton
The zooplankton includes animals suspended in water with limited powers of locomotion. Like phytoplankton, they are usually denser than water, and constantly sink by gravity to
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Methods for analysis
Apparatus and equipment
Depth water sampler, centrifuge, microscope, centrifuge tubes of 15mL capacity, cover slips, glass slides, dropper, plastic bottles (100 ml capacity).
Reagent and Standard
Formalin solution
Sample collection, preservation and storage
Zooplankton samples often need to be concentrated in the field. Generally collected by filtering surface water through plankton net having mesh size of 75µ and preserved in 4 percent formalin solution immediately after collection of sample.
Procedure
The Sedgwick rafter (S-R) cell is a device commonly used for plankton counting because it is easily manipulated. The zooplanktons are generally more than 75µ in size and are easily observed under 100 x magnifications. Before filling the S-R cell with net sample, place the cover glass diagonally across the cell and transfer water sample with a large bore pipette. Placing cover slips which help to prevent formation of air bubbles in cell corners. The cover slips rotate slowly and cover the inner portion of S-R cell during filling. In the case of developing air spaces, place a small drop of distilled water on the edge of cover glass. Before counting, let S-R cell stand for at least 15 min to settle plankton. Count plankton on the bottom of S-R cell.
Counting
Zooplankton samples were collected from surface and middle of lake. Filter 40 lit. Water from zooplankton net and collect the samples and add 1ml 4% formalin in the bottle, then
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centrifuge it for 10min. and settle down for half an hour discarded 14ml and take 1ml on SR cell slide and observed under microscope.
Data Analysis and Calculations
Zooplankton count /m3 = NxV1/V2xV3 Where, N=Count of species observed in SR cell V1=Volume count V2=Volume observed in S-R cell V3=Volume of water passed through plankton net
Count: Many aquatic insects live for some part of their life cycle in the water. They feed in the same ways as other insects. Zooplanktons are free swimming along on top of the animals. Their nature is different in fresh water and marine ecosystem. Zooplanktons like Rotifera, Cladocera and copepoda are most common and often dominate entire consumer communities. Zooplanktons adapt themselves to the habitat in which they live. Most of them have transparent body; have spine protoplasm and skeleton for protection. For food and defense, their movement is necessary.
Zooplankton counts, recorded at different sampling stations, are shown in table. Density of zooplankton varied between 2520 & 4210 N/m3 in winter and 3250 & 5612 N/m3 in summer respectively. Zooplankton comprised of 3 major group’s i.e. Copepoda, Rotifera and Cladocera with six different genera. A large number of zooplankton, recorded in Gopuri Ashram (Tal. Kankavali)-KT Weir could be due to the presence of ample amount of phytoplankton in the respective station. Copepoda dominated all the samples. The SWI, observed to vary from 1.50 to 2.86 indicated low to medium load of organic pollution or adverse factors. High pollution indicator genera, like Brachionus, Cyclops and Daphnia were also observed in the river
Table No.3.41.Enumeration of Zooplankton in Gad River
Sample Sampling Locations Season Zooplankton Percent Composition of algal SWI No. Count groups No/m3 Copepoda Rotifera Cladocera 1. Sangave KT Weir Winter 2520 70 20 10 2.10 (Gad River) Summer 3250 55 25 20 2.80 2. Nardave Dam Winter 2750 65 15 25 1.89
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Summer 3765 60 20 20 2.10 3. Gopuri Ashram (Tal. Winter 4210 50 30 20 1.50 Kankavali)-KT Weir Summer 5612 65 25 10 2.65 4. Kankavali KT Weir Winter 3530 70 20 10 1.89 (Gad River) Summer 5210 65 25 10 2.86 5. Jambhavade School Winter 2850 65 15 20 2.20 Summer 4320 60 30 10 1.82
Ranges of Shannon Wiener Diversity Index (SWI) <1: Indicate poor productive water 1-3 Indicate medium productive water >3 Indicate good productive water
Table No.3.42.Zooplankton Genera Recorded in Gad River
Sr. No Zooplankton Genera Winter Summer Rotifera 1. Keratella sp. + + 2. Brachionus sp. + + Copepoda 1. Cyclops sp. + + 2. Diaptomus sp. - + Cladocera 1. Daphnia sp. + + 2. Moina sp. + -
Benthos:
The organisms which inhabit the bottom of aquatic body are called benthos. Many of them are sessile; some creep over or burrow in mud and base of water body. The quality and quantity of animals found at the bottom is not only related to the nature of substrata but also to depth, the kind and quality of aquatic plants present in such environment. Their number and distribution also depend upon physico-chemical properties of water and biological complexes such as food and other factor. The sediments composition and characteristic of the water adjacent to the sediments are also highly variable. Bacteria, fungi and algae may occur in the great abundance on sediment. These organism and associated detricial organic matter often provide the predominant energy sources for the benthic fauna.
Quantitative estimations of benthic fauna require effective sampling procedures, separation of organisms from the substratum, identification and evaluation of biomass of species and of their life history stages.
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Sampling
A number of basic requirements must be met to capture a quantitative sample of the population living on and within the sediments. The sampler must penetrate into the sediment to a sufficient depth to capture all of the organisms inhabiting a defined area. The device should enclose the same area of sediment each time. As the sampling device is lowered, care should be taken not to disturb the sediments, the sampler should close completely so that sediment and organisms are not lost during retrieval.
Van Veen Grab Sampler
The Van veen grab consists of two hinged, pincer like buckets that are lowered in the open position to the sediments. As the line slackens, the release mechanism is actuated. Upon retrieval, the two buckets come together and enclosed a semicircular section of sediments. The advantage of Van veen grab is its effective penetration into firm sediments, such as sand because of its heavy construction. The area of van veen sampler was 0.02m2. The most severe disadvantage of this sampler is that it’s closed or nearly closed design creates pressure waves that disturb the sediments and benthic fauna as the sampler approaches the sediments.
Laboratory Analysis
A large homogenous sediment sample, collected by the grab sampler, was sieved with a screen mesh of 500 µ sorted out the samples to remove the organisms from the sediment.
Data Analysis and Calculations
The segregated benthic organisms were counted species-wise and their density (number) per square meter is calculated by using the following formula.
Benthos No/ m2 = N / A x 10,000
Where,
N= number of organism collected per sample A= area of the sampler (cm2)
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Table No.3.43.Benthic Fauna recorded at Gad River
Sample No. Sampling Locations Density (No/m2) 1. Sangave KT Weir (Gad River) 375 2. Nardave Dam 150 3. Gopuri Ashram (Tal. Kankavali)-KT Weir 250 4. Kankavali KT Weir (Gad River) 270 5. Jambhavade School 210
Count: Only Chironomous larva was observed as benthic fauna. At Sangave KT Weir (Gad River) the count was highest while at Nardave dam site minimum count was observed. The genus Chironomus is tolerant to organic pollutants, which means its occurrence and dominance are an effective biological indicator of pollution. The chironomid larvae known as blood worms due to the presence of hemoglobin in their bodies. They represent an abundant group of benthos insects in freshwater ecosystem. The size of the larva typically ranges from 4 mm to 5mm.
Figure No. 3.16. Collection of Benthos from various locations of the Gad River
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Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Fisheries
Fishes, because of their relatively large size and ease of identification, have long been used as indicators of environmental change. The mobility and sensory perception of many species allow them to avoid environmental perturbations, and thus they can show a rapid response to environmental changes. Different types of nets having definite meshes, made of nylon twines are commonly used as gears for fish harvesting.
Preliminary investigation with local fishermen revealed that there are different varieties of fresh water fishes, viz. Channa marulius (Maral), Garra mullya (Malve),Balitora laticauda (Malve), Mastacembelus armatus (Vam/Kadai), Aorichthys seenghala- (Shengat), Tor khudree (Dere), Tor mussafah (khadas), Labeo rohita- (Rohu), Monopterus indicus (Ahir), Tor putitora (Panal), Clarias batrachus (Thigur), Salmostoma clupeoides (Alai), Channa striatus and Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia) normally harvested in the river.
3.12 Land Use Land Cover Study
For establishing the existing land use pattern in Nardave Medium Irrigation Project satellite Imagery of IRS P-6 with LISS III sensor was used of Path and Row (96-61). Composite mosaic of the two LISS III scene was digitally interpreted, to create the land use and land cover map of the project area. The spatial resolution of the satellite image used was that of 23.5 m respectively, whereas the spectral resolution comprised of Blue, Green, Red and Near Infrared bands respectively
The present study has been divided into three steps:
Creation of input database.
Analysis.
Preparation of final output
3.12.1 Land Use and Land Cover Classification of 12 km buffer
For image classification purpose a buffer of 12 km was taken from the irrigation scheme marked and geo-coded with Survey of India topo-sheet of 1:50,000 scale. The total area recorded was 195078.9 ha. All together nine land use and land cover forms were discerned
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 127
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018 which included Dense Forest, Less Dense Forest, vegetation outside forest, Plantation, Agriculture, Open Scrub, Barren area, Settlement and Water bodies.
Table No.3.44.Area coverage for different land use and land cover forms.
Class Name Area (ha) Water Body 5401.90 Dense Forest 46270.02 Less Dense Forest 42688.34 Settlement 5279.10 Open Scrub 23237.51 Barren Area 25471.12 Agriculture 32779.30 Vegetation outside Forest 12131.14 Plantation 1820.56 Total 195078.99
Percentage distribution of Water Body (2.77 %) Land Use and Land Cover for Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Dense Forest (23.72 %) Less Dense Forest (21.88 %)
Settlement (2.71 %)
Open Scrub (11.91%)
Barren Area (13.06%)
Agriculture (16.8%)
Vegetation outside Forest (6.22%)
Plantation (0.93%)
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 128
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Figure No. 3.17. Land use and land cover map of 12 km buffer
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 129
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
3.12.2 Land Use Land Cover Classification of the Catchment Area
Catchment area of Nardave Medium Irrigation Project covers a total area of about 4958.5 ha. The classes found were water bodies, dense and less dense forest, open scrub, vegetation outside forest, plantation, agriculture barren area and settlements. The following table shows the distribution pattern of different land use and land forms in the catchment region
Table No.3.45.Area Statistics for the catchment area
CLASS Area (ha) Water Body 36.35 Dense Forest 2099.87 Less Dense Forest 745.57 Settlement 97.34 Open Scrub 587.12 Barren Area 364.03 Agriculture 718.73 Vegetation Outside Forest 237.89 Plantation 71.60 Total Area 4958.50
Percent distribution of Land Use Land Cover forms Water Body for the Catchment Area of Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Dense Forest 1% 1% Less Dense Forest 5% Settlement 15% Open Scrub 42% 7% Barren Area
Agriculture
12% Vegetation Outside Forest
Plantation 2% 15%
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 130
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Figure No. 3.18. Land use and land cover map of catchment area
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 131
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
3.12.3 Land Use Land Cover Classification for Submergence Area
Submergence area of Nardave Medium Irrigation Project covers a total area of 708.9 ha. Within the submergence area Agriculture covers nearly 40 % of the area encompassing 283.6 ha of land. Open Scrub covers an area of about 23 % covering another 162.9 ha of land area. 11 % of the area is covered by Barren area followed by dense forest area within the submergence region. Settlement area in the form of villages and construction site comprises of nearly 8% of the land area i.e. 54.3 ha. The rest land use forms found in the region includes minor contribution of less dense forest, vegetation outside forest and water bodies in the form of streams.
Table No.3.46.Area Statistics for the Submergence Area
CLASS Area (ha) Water Body 13.7088 Dense Forest 78.6816 Less Dense Forest 24.4224 Settlement 54.3168 Open Scrub 162.8928 Barren Area 78.9696 Agriculture 283.6224 Vegetation Outside Forest 12.2688 Plantation 0.1152 Total Area 708.9984
Percentage Distribution of LULC forms Water Body within the Submergence area of Dense Forest 2% 2% 0.1152 Less Dense Forest
11% 3% Settlement Open Scrub 40% 8% Barren Area Agriculture 23% Vegetation Outside Forest Plantation 11%
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 132
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Figure No. 3.19. Land use and land cover map of Submergence area
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 133
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
3.12.4 Land Use Land Cover Classification for Command Area
The command area of Nardave Medium Irrigation project covers a total area of about 24131 ha encompassing a vivid land use and land cover forms in the region. Satellite remote sensing based studies reveal that the command area is mostly covered by Agriculture which is nearly 20.9 % of the total area covering 5049 ha of cultivable land area. This is followed by Less Dense Forest cover which comprises 19 % of the total and cover about 4594 ha. Dense forest covers about 11.5 % of the total area and cover about 2790 ha of land. Vegetation outside forest covers about 14.7 % i.e. 3545.8 ha whereas barren area and scrub area in combination covers about 25 % of the total area where 3050.7 ha is covered by barren area where as 3005 ha of land is covered by scrub area. Settlement area in the command area covers about 6 % of the total land area.
Table No.3.47. Area Statistics for the Command Area
CLASS Area (ha) Water Body 241.4592 Dense Forest 2790.086 Less Dense Forest 4594.118 Settlement 1466.266
Open Scrub 3005.338 Barren Area 3050.726 Agriculture 5049.274 Vegetation outside Forest 3545.856 Plantation 387.936 Total Area 24131.06 Distribution of Land Use Land Cover form for Water Body the Command Area of Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Dense Forest 2% 1% Less Dense Forest
15% 11% Settlement Open Scrub
19% Barren Area 21% Agriculture
6% Vegetation outside Forest
13% 12% Plantation
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 134
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Figure No. 3.20. Land use and land cover map of command area
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 135
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Figure No. 3.21. Slope Map of Naradave Medium Irrigation Project
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 136
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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Figure No. 3.22. Aspect map of Naradave Medium Irrigation Project
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 137
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Figure No. 3.23. DEM Map of Naradave Medium Irrigation Project
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 138
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Figure No. 3.24. Topographic Map
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 139
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
3.13 Socio Economic Environment
The recent Census data of year 2011was utilized to obtain socioeconomic status of the local Community.
Submergence Area
Table No.3.48. Demographic and Socio-economic Information of Project affected villages
Name Nardave Bhairavgaon Jambhalgaon Yevteshwargaon Durganagar Total No_HH 276 93 113 108 120 710 Tot_P 1011 278 489 408 430 2616 Tot_M 485 141 237 195 214 1272 Tot_F 526 137 252 213 216 1344 P_06 84 14 45 36 36 215 M_06 42 9 24 17 21 113 F_06 42 5 21 19 15 102 P_Sc 149 0 0 0 0 149 M_SC 72 0 0 0 0 72 F_SC 77 0 0 0 0 77 P_ST 0 0 0 0 0 0 M_ST 0 0 0 0 0 0 F_ST 0 0 0 0 0 0 P_Lit 728 174 353 268 308 1831 M_Lit 380 105 179 145 172 981 F_Lit 348 69 174 123 136 850 P_Ill 283 104 136 140 122 785 M_Ill 105 36 58 50 42 291 F_Ill 178 68 78 90 80 494 Tot_Work_P 628 182 293 273 151 1527 Tot_Work_M 309 92 137 126 141 805 Tot_Work_F 319 90 156 147 10 722 Mainwork_P 300 66 103 127 143 739 Mainwork_M 164 57 95 112 137 565 Mainwork_F 136 9 8 15 6 174 Main_Cl_P 83 51 46 117 100 397 Main_Cl_M 38 48 43 105 95 329 Main_Cl_F 45 3 3 12 5 68 Main_Al_P 79 12 44 0 43 178 Main_Al_M 35 8 44 0 42 129 Main_Al_F 44 4 0 0 1 49
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 140
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Name Nardave Bhairavgaon Jambhalgaon Yevteshwargaon Durganagar Total Main_Hh_P 5 0 0 0 0 5 Main_Hh_M 3 0 0 0 0 3 Main_Hh_F 2 0 0 0 0 2 Main_Ot_P 133 3 13 10 0 159 Main_Ot_M 88 1 8 7 0 104 Main_Ot_F 45 2 5 3 0 55 Margwork_P 328 116 190 146 8 788 Margwork_M 145 35 42 14 4 240 Margwork_F 183 81 148 132 4 548 Marg_Cl_P 228 103 47 141 7 526 Marg_Cl_M 101 30 7 11 4 153 Marg_Cl_F 127 73 40 130 3 373 Marg_Al_P 56 13 141 2 0 212 Marg_Al_M 21 5 35 1 0 62 Marg_Al_F 35 8 106 1 0 150 Marg_Hh_P 1 0 0 0 0 1 Marg_Hh_M 0 0 0 0 0 0 Marg_Hh_F 1 0 0 0 0 1 Marg_Ot_P 43 0 2 3 1 49 Marg_Ot_M 23 0 0 2 0 25 Marg_Ot_F 20 0 2 1 1 24 Non_Work_P 383 96 196 135 279 1089 Non_Work_M 176 49 100 69 73 467 Non_Work_F 207 47 96 66 206 622 The total 5 villages will be submerged. Total Households are 710. Village Naradave has the highest number of household & population while Yevteshwargaon village has the lowest number of population affected. The ratio of Male to Female is 49:51
SC and ST Population: Only Naradave village has the SC Population. SC population were not recorded in submergence area. Among the total affected 5.69 % of SC population will be affected.
Literacy Status: Overall the ratio of literate & illiterate population is 70: 30. Among the literate, males have higher percentage in comparison to the females.
Working and Non-Working Population: About 58.37 % population is working while 41.63 % of the population is in non-working class.
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 141
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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Command Area
Table No.3.49. Demographic and Socio-economic Information of Command Area
Tot_ Tot_ Tot_ Main Main Main Sr.No. Tehsil Village Name No_HH Tot_P Tot_M Tot_F P_SC M_SC F_SC P_ST M_ST F_ST P_Lit M_Lit F_Lit P_Ill M_Ill F_Ill Work_P Work_M Work_F work_P work_M work_F 2 Kankavli Savdav 375 1440 666 774 203 97 106 0 0 0 1056 527 529 384 139 245 563 341 222 69 55 14 3 Kankavli Humarat 356 1624 768 856 125 60 65 1 1 0 1201 604 597 423 164 259 552 389 163 468 323 145 4 Kankavli Sakedi 291 1183 589 594 214 113 101 0 0 0 936 501 435 247 88 159 755 425 330 289 266 23 5 Kankavli Karanje 420 1495 702 793 153 80 73 0 0 0 1088 562 526 407 140 267 506 396 110 271 236 35 6 Kankavli Harkul Kh. 803 2960 1411 1549 367 173 194 0 0 0 2175 1147 1028 785 264 521 1366 774 592 623 442 181 7 Kankavli Nagave 371 1438 694 744 193 98 95 0 0 0 1139 580 559 299 114 185 835 398 437 512 256 256 8 Kankavli Janavali 609 2491 1237 1254 332 161 171 20 9 11 2043 1047 996 448 190 258 811 642 169 553 454 99 9 Kankavli Bidwadi 385 1647 796 851 178 86 92 0 0 0 1247 653 594 400 143 257 440 401 39 49 31 18 10 Kankavli Tarandale 387 1538 760 778 193 89 104 8 4 4 1175 625 550 363 135 228 1112 571 541 519 327 192 11 Kankavli Varavade 444 1793 878 915 161 80 81 0 0 0 1458 766 692 335 112 223 633 501 132 567 483 84 12 Kankavli Ashiye 311 1378 690 688 73 42 31 193 93 100 1088 578 510 290 112 178 631 415 216 344 273 71 13 Kankavli Kasaral 165 783 394 389 0 0 0 0 0 0 542 296 246 241 98 143 362 225 137 343 217 126 14 Kankavli Phanas Nagar 259 1097 531 566 34 19 15 0 0 0 917 457 460 180 74 106 331 250 81 310 238 72 15 Kankavli Gandhinagar 107 390 189 201 0 0 0 0 0 0 323 167 156 67 22 45 159 104 55 102 90 12 16 Kankavli Rameshwarnagar 84 317 154 163 0 0 0 0 0 0 264 136 128 53 18 35 95 72 23 57 49 8 17 Kankavli Bhiravande 92 354 178 176 10 6 4 0 0 0 312 165 147 42 13 29 110 88 22 43 29 14 18 Kankavli Sangave 305 1155 558 597 356 176 180 0 0 0 868 471 397 287 87 200 398 275 123 252 209 43 19 Kankavli Harkul Bk. 985 4251 2110 2141 165 81 84 89 45 44 3435 1805 1630 816 305 511 1209 904 305 689 525 164 20 Kankavli Shastrinagar 101 385 193 192 0 0 0 1 1 0 309 163 146 76 30 46 172 103 69 83 64 19 21 Kankavli Nehru Nagar 86 312 141 171 167 73 94 0 0 0 254 125 129 58 16 42 112 76 36 54 46 8 22 Kankavli Subhash Nagar 73 244 115 129 0 0 0 0 0 0 198 101 97 46 14 32 77 55 22 59 49 10 23 Kankavli Navanagar 4 16 6 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 5 7 4 1 3 5 3 2 5 3 2 24 Kankavli Shivajinagar 307 1179 578 601 33 16 17 13 7 6 950 491 459 229 87 142 428 297 131 257 197 60 25 Kankavli Sambhajinagar 122 453 201 252 8 5 3 18 9 9 319 161 158 134 40 94 176 97 79 59 42 17 26 Kankavli Dariste 262 1035 511 524 120 64 56 68 27 41 788 420 368 247 91 156 581 310 271 505 263 242 27 Kankavli Natal 885 3213 1528 1685 240 118 122 8 4 4 2465 1285 1180 748 243 505 1581 923 658 1097 636 461 28 Kankavli Kumbhavade 287 1031 481 550 17 10 7 0 0 0 760 405 355 271 76 195 656 315 341 123 106 17 29 Kankavli Digavale 387 1317 630 687 33 16 17 15 6 9 1010 531 479 307 99 208 532 338 194 510 322 188 30 Kankavli Ranjangaon 108 346 160 186 10 5 5 0 0 0 234 129 105 112 31 81 190 84 106 179 82 97 31 Kankavli Nardave 276 1011 485 526 149 72 77 0 0 0 728 380 348 283 105 178 628 309 319 300 164 136 32 Kankavli Pimpalgaon 133 451 202 249 0 0 0 0 0 0 335 162 173 116 40 76 279 129 150 17 10 7 33 Kankavli Kankavli (NP) 4137 16398 8388 8010 1489 747 742 222 122 100 13749 7149 6600 2649 1239 1410 5722 4390 1332 4979 3924 1055 34 Malwan Ramgad 204 961 462 499 81 35 46 4 2 2 778 385 393 183 77 106 556 272 284 113 99 14 35 Malwan Gothane 230 855 399 456 19 9 10 0 0 0 657 327 330 198 72 126 448 226 222 241 180 61 36 Malwan Shrawan 246 854 402 452 80 40 40 0 0 0 661 341 320 193 61 132 461 227 234 460 227 233 37 Malwan Asagani 175 683 327 356 94 50 44 4 1 3 548 277 271 135 50 85 386 196 190 382 195 187 38 Malwan Kirlos 155 676 322 354 208 101 107 0 0 0 510 271 239 166 51 115 242 196 46 241 195 46 39 Malwan Asarondi 331 1212 596 616 28 15 13 0 0 0 845 454 391 367 142 225 475 323 152 317 189 128
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 142
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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Tot_ Tot_ Tot_ Main Main Main Sr.No. Tehsil Village Name No_HH Tot_P Tot_M Tot_F P_SC M_SC F_SC P_ST M_ST F_ST P_Lit M_Lit F_Lit P_Ill M_Ill F_Ill Work_P Work_M Work_F work_P work_M work_F 40 Malwan Rathivade 250 987 492 495 100 45 55 15 7 8 782 432 350 205 60 145 514 300 214 199 150 49 41 Kudal Gavalgaon 81 319 145 174 1 0 1 3 3 0 227 116 111 92 29 63 142 58 84 133 55 78 42 Kudal Kupavade 232 823 356 467 66 27 39 0 0 0 612 294 318 211 62 149 412 197 215 24 19 5 43 Kudal Jambhavade 321 1070 510 560 0 0 0 0 0 0 816 430 386 254 80 174 479 263 216 169 141 28 44 Kudal Sonavade 170 666 296 370 32 12 20 0 0 0 432 212 220 234 84 150 328 165 163 288 161 127 45 Kudal Ghadigaon 170 774 358 416 78 41 37 0 0 0 567 293 274 207 65 142 477 223 254 316 208 108 46 Kudal Ghotage 406 1550 743 807 43 16 27 1 1 0 1120 593 527 430 150 280 971 480 491 600 423 177 47 Kudal Bharani 250 1043 532 511 49 25 24 0 0 0 796 446 350 247 86 161 508 331 177 449 301 148 48 Kudal Bhutvad 357 1242 599 643 137 62 75 1 1 0 929 500 429 313 99 214 352 285 67 64 51 13 Total 17495 68440 33463 34977 6039 2965 3074 684 343 341 53658 27965 25693 14782 5498 9284 28758 18342 10416 18283 13005 5278 Continue…
Main_ Main_ Main_ Main_ Main_ Main_ Main_ Main_ Main_ Main_ Main_ Main_ Marg Marg Marg Non_ Non_ Non_ Sr.No. Tehsil Village Name Cl_P Cl_M Cl_F Al_P Al_M Al_F HH_P HH_M HH_F OT_P OT_M OT_F Work_P Work_M Work_F Work_P Work_M Work_F 2 Kankavli Savdav 5 5 0 3 1 2 0 0 0 61 49 12 494 286 208 877 325 552 3 Kankavli Humarat 216 149 67 87 37 50 14 14 0 151 123 28 84 66 18 1072 379 693 4 Kankavli Sakedi 27 24 3 197 186 11 2 2 0 63 54 9 466 159 307 428 164 264 5 Kankavli Karanje 89 80 9 105 93 12 18 18 0 59 45 14 235 160 75 989 306 683 6 Kankavli Harkul Kh. 369 255 114 111 76 35 3 2 1 140 109 31 743 332 411 1594 637 957 7 Kankavli Nagave 313 141 172 141 67 74 7 6 1 51 42 9 323 142 181 603 296 307 8 Kankavli Janavali 79 64 15 82 65 17 11 10 1 381 315 66 258 188 70 1680 595 1085 9 Kankavli Bidwadi 17 6 11 1 1 0 3 3 0 28 21 7 391 370 21 1207 395 812 10 Kankavli Tarandale 367 190 177 66 65 1 11 6 5 75 66 9 593 244 349 426 189 237 11 Kankavli Varavade 352 308 44 67 60 7 1 1 0 147 114 33 66 18 48 1160 377 783 12 Kankavli Ashiye 86 56 30 10 8 2 0 0 0 248 209 39 287 142 145 747 275 472 13 Kankavli Kasaral 251 153 98 51 32 19 1 0 1 40 32 8 19 8 11 421 169 252 14 Kankavli Phanas Nagar 86 77 9 12 8 4 2 2 0 210 151 59 21 12 9 766 281 485 15 Kankavli Gandhinagar 69 63 6 7 5 2 1 1 0 25 21 4 57 14 43 231 85 146 16 Kankavli Rameshwarnagar 34 33 1 3 3 0 0 0 0 20 13 7 38 23 15 222 82 140 17 Kankavli Bhiravande 9 8 1 2 2 0 1 0 1 31 19 12 67 59 8 244 90 154 18 Kankavli Sangave 65 49 16 127 116 11 5 2 3 55 42 13 146 66 80 757 283 474 19 Kankavli Harkul Bk. 152 105 47 7 3 4 36 28 8 494 389 105 520 379 141 3042 1206 1836 20 Kankavli Shastrinagar 61 47 14 2 1 1 0 0 0 20 16 4 89 39 50 213 90 123 21 Kankavli Nehru Nagar 23 20 3 2 2 0 1 1 0 28 23 5 58 30 28 200 65 135 22 Kankavli Subhash Nagar 37 31 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 18 4 18 6 12 167 60 107 23 Kankavli Navanagar 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 1 0 0 0 11 3 8 24 Kankavli Shivajinagar 31 25 6 13 12 1 1 0 1 212 160 52 171 100 71 751 281 470 25 Kankavli Sambhajinagar 2 1 1 0 0 0 3 2 1 54 39 15 117 55 62 277 104 173 26 Kankavli Dariste 402 199 203 34 16 18 5 5 0 64 43 21 76 47 29 454 201 253 27 Kankavli Natal 883 481 402 70 43 27 7 7 0 137 105 32 484 287 197 1632 605 1027 28 Kankavli Kumbhavade 88 77 11 3 3 0 1 1 0 31 25 6 533 209 324 375 166 209 29 Kankavli Digavale 393 227 166 37 25 12 24 22 2 56 48 8 22 16 6 785 292 493
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 143
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Main_ Main_ Main_ Main_ Main_ Main_ Main_ Main_ Main_ Main_ Main_ Main_ Marg Marg Marg Non_ Non_ Non_ Sr.No. Tehsil Village Name Cl_P Cl_M Cl_F Al_P Al_M Al_F HH_P HH_M HH_F OT_P OT_M OT_F Work_P Work_M Work_F Work_P Work_M Work_F 30 Kankavli Ranjangaon 136 62 74 28 13 15 1 1 0 14 6 8 11 2 9 156 76 80 31 Kankavli Nardave 83 38 45 79 35 44 5 3 2 133 88 45 328 145 183 383 176 207 32 Kankavli Pimpalgaon 6 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 5 6 262 119 143 172 73 99 33 Kankavli Kankavli (NP) 100 76 24 76 55 21 149 102 47 4654 3691 963 743 466 277 10676 3998 6678 34 Malwan Ramgad 37 36 1 10 9 1 5 3 2 61 51 10 443 173 270 405 190 215 35 Malwan Gothane 175 127 48 21 19 2 2 1 1 43 33 10 207 46 161 407 173 234 36 Malwan Shrawan 352 163 189 17 12 5 8 3 5 83 49 34 1 0 1 393 175 218 37 Malwan Asagani 276 134 142 67 32 35 0 0 0 39 29 10 4 1 3 297 131 166 38 Malwan Kirlos 160 137 23 69 51 18 0 0 0 12 7 5 1 1 0 434 126 308 39 Malwan Asarondi 118 64 54 77 34 43 0 0 0 122 91 31 158 134 24 737 273 464 40 Malwan Rathivade 74 58 16 41 28 13 47 38 9 37 26 11 315 150 165 473 192 281 41 Kudal Gavalgaon 96 49 47 26 1 25 5 0 5 6 5 1 9 3 6 177 87 90 42 Kudal Kupavade 4 3 1 1 1 0 4 2 2 15 13 2 388 178 210 411 159 252 43 Kudal Jambhavade 126 114 12 1 0 1 4 3 1 38 24 14 310 122 188 591 247 344 44 Kudal Sonavade 224 132 92 32 6 26 2 2 0 30 21 9 40 4 36 338 131 207 45 Kudal Ghadigaon 207 180 27 97 19 78 2 1 1 10 8 2 161 15 146 297 135 162 46 Kudal Ghotage 435 313 122 103 57 46 4 4 0 58 49 9 371 57 314 579 263 316 47 Kudal Bharani 347 220 127 82 67 15 2 1 1 18 13 5 59 30 29 535 201 334 48 Kudal Bhutvad 12 12 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 50 37 13 288 234 54 890 314 576 Total 7476 4798 2678 2069 1371 698 398 297 101 8340 6539 1801 10475 5337 5138 39682 15121 24561 The total 48 villages will be benefited in Kankavali, Kudal and Malvan Talukas of Sindhudurg district.
Command area cover 48 villages. Total Households are 17495. Village Nardave has the highest number of household & population while Yevteshwargaon village has the lowest number of population affected. The ratio of Male to Female is 49:51
SC and ST Population: Only Nardave village has the SC Population. SC population were not recorded in submergence area. Among the total affected 5.69 % of SC population will be affected.
Literacy Status: Overall the ratio of literate & illiterate population is 70: 30. Among the literate, males have higher percentage in comparison to the females.
Working and Non-Working Population: About 58.37 % population is working while 41.63 % of the population is in non-working class.
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 144
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Figure No. 3.25. Photographs of the project area
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 145
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
In the present study, the PAP’s were interviewed to gather first-hand information on socioeconomic status of the PAP’s & impacts of Naradave Medium Irrigation Project. A questionnaire was developed to collect the information and feedback pertaining to socio economic status of the PAP’s. Oral feedback & observations were noted. Following points were raised by the PAP’s during discussion and same points has been raised during public hearing also.
People are demanding 100% land acquisition compensation and rehabilitation facilities before Socio economic survey of the PAPs.
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 146
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Due to leakage/ earthquake, number of villages from Kankavali and Kudal tehsil may get submerged. And there may be a loss of life, economy and environment. Hence survey in this aspects is necessary
Till date not a single family /farmer is rehabilitated and not received compensation.
Around 400-500 people are in possession of PAP certificate since year 2000. Out of them only 5 to 6 people are benefited. Majority of the balance PAP age bar now. They will not get such benefits
All the affected families should get four times compensation
Plan for platation of trees
As per notice given in year 2010, we have received compensation in year 2018. However, compensation for trees not received till date. The people in this area never oppose the Naradave project even today. But proper compensation to the project affected family should be given on time.
Due to project there is lot of inconvenience in transport facility. Public transport, bus stop is about 4 km away.
Figure No. 3.26. Photographs Showing Different riverine habitats
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 147
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 148
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
CHAPTER NO. 4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES
4.1 Identification of the Impacts
The Environmental Impacts are either direct or those, which are indirectly induced and typically include the associated investment and changed patterns of social and economic activities by the proposed project. The direct impacts are called primary whereas the indirect impacts are called as secondary impacts. Different types of projects will have different impacts and it should not be assumed that modern methods of construction and operation would have fewer impacts. Impacts will also vary according to the stage of implementation. For example, during the construction period there may be specific health and other social risks due to an influx of migrant workers living in temporary and unsanitary accommodation. Later, once the project becomes operating for several years, cumulative impacts may begin to present serious environmental constraints to project sustainability.
Impact Identification and prediction on the environment due to Naradave Medium Irrigation Project are described in this chapter. According to which the mitigation measures are suggested. Description of baseline environmental conditions are given in Chapter 3. The impacts during the construction and operational phase on the environmental parameters have been studied and are discussed below.
Impact during the construction phase which may be regarded as temporary or short term and
Impact during the operation phase which would have long-term impacts.
Various impacts during the construction and operational phases on the environmental parameters have been studied to assess the impact on environment, which involve construction and operation of the reservoir.
The activities related to the construction and operational phases will have varying impacts on the environment and are considered for impact assessment viz.
Environment Resources
Impact on Air Quality
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 149
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Impact on Noise Levels
Impact on Surface Water Hydrology
Impact on Water Quality/Water use
Impact on Geology
Ecological Resources
Terrestrial ecology and Aquatic ecology
Human Use Values
Soil
Land use
Quality of life
Impact on social and community structure
Impact due to agriculture loss and trees
Impact on civic amenities
Impact on public health and nutrition
Impact on aesthetic value
The details on impact of the project activity and its mitigation measure on each of the above environmental attributes are discussed below:
4.2 Impacts on Environment Resources
4.2.1 Impact on Air Quality
Construction Phase
Due to construction activities like excavation, dumping, infrastructure development and vehicle movement the emission of Particulate Matter (PM10and PM2.5), Carbon Monoxide
(CO), and Sulphur Dioxide (S02) will increase during the construction phase. This will result into increase in dust particles and air pollution for a short period of time. Therefore this will be low negative impact for temporary phase.
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 150
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Operation phase
Sources will include emissions from vehicular movement, and negligible emissions from sewage and solid waste handling and disposal from the colony. During the operation phase of the project, the following pollutants are anticipated to be emitted viz. Nitrogen oxides
(NOx), PM10 and PM2.5), Sulphur dioxide (S02 and CO from vehicle exhaust within the Project site. This will be permanent low negative impact.
Mitigation Measures
To control the fugitive dust emission during construction phase regular sprinkling of water suggested.
However during construction and operation phase regular upkeep and maintenance of vehicles is suggested to keep the air pollution level with in the permissible limit.
All the vehicles used during the construction stage to have valid PUC certificate
4.2.2 Impact on Noise Environment
Construction Phase
Construction traffic for loading and unloading, fabrication and handling of equipment and materials are likely to cause an increase in the ambient noise levels. Construction activities produce noise levels in the range of 60-80 dB (A). The areas affected will be those close to the construction site such as labour colony and moving inhabitants.
The workers in general are likely to be exposed to an equivalent noise level of 75-80 dB (A) in an 8 hour shift. Use of proper personal protective equipment like earplugs, mufflers will help to attenuate the noise generated by construction equipment.
Operational phase
During operation phase all the construction activities will be over and the impact on ambient noise levels during this phase will be marginal limited to vehicle movement in the project area.
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 151
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Mitigation Measures
During construction phase there will be noise pollution due to heavy machinery at the project site including dredging machine, tipper and dumper.
The construction workers will be provided with the personal protective equipment’s like ear muffler, hand gloves etc. to reduce the impact of noise pollution.
Vehicles and equipment’s will be maintained properly
The project area is close to forest and there are occurrences of schedule wild life. Hence, sign boards/ Notice Boards at the site like, NO HORN PLEASE, SILENCE ZONE etc. will be fixed
4.2.3 Impact on Water Resources
The creation of the reservoir and KT weirs will store the water for longer duration. Also due to the filling of dam & other KT weirs in the command area, water availability will be more even in the command area.
Provision to the tune of 10.605 Mcum for domestic and 5.958 Mcum for industrial use is made. Other benefits of the project are fisheries and tourism.
These water storages and presence of irrigation water in fields would improve the groundwater levels in the command area which is a positive impact. By considering all these points this impact can be termed as Permanent High Positive impact.
For construction work, surface water will be used.
Drinking water requirement for workers may available through tanker
Debris and other excavated material should not be disposed off near water bodies and in valley bottoms.
Sewage generated during construction phase shall be treated in portable STP
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 152
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
4.2.4 Impact on Soil
Construction Phase
Mixing of construction debris with soil and reduction in the previous area may lead to reduced infiltration rate, decreased permeability and increased runoff. Excavation of different layers of soil and subsequent mixing of different layers would lead to disruption of soil structure. Pollution of soil would be on account of spillage of oil from vehicles used for transportation of construction material. However, this impact will be Temporary Low negative impact.
Operation Phase
During the operation phase the impact on soil will be in terms of top soil erosion and remote possibility of water logging and associated soil salinity due to excess irrigation. In order to minimize soil erosion Catchment area Treatment plans would be undertaken to reduce the rate of runoff and soil erosion; and reduce sediment loads into the reservoir. Landscapes and green belt areas will be carefully designed and developed and maintained. This would enhance soil moisture and reduce soil erosion.
Hence, Permanent High positive impact on soil quality in the study area is expected due to the project activities.
Mitigation Measures
Therefore proper muck disposal plan will be implemented to avoid soil pollution. Also restoration of borrow areas will be undertaken.
Catchment area treatment plan would reduce soil erosion.
Command area development plan which is an integral part of the project and also mandatory would be implemented after conducting detailed topographical surveys in command area.
These would reduce the soil pollution and proper utilization of water for irrigation.
All earthwork will be completed in such a way so that the soil erosion and carryover of the materials in other areas are protected
Compensatory afforestation, over equivalent non-forest land
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 153
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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4.2.5 Impacts on Ecological Resources
Source during Construction Phase
During the construction phase, activities such as land clearance, cutting, levelling, transportation and installation of related structures will lead to impacts on ecology & biodiversity.
These impacts will be confined to the area where the project components are to be constructed. However, barricading of construction site will avoid the disturbance to the surrounding during construction phase of the work.
Also, the increased vehicular traffic coupled with higher noise level due to various constructional activities will drive away the local fauna from the project site to the neighbouring area temporarily.
The construction activities involving leveling of site, piling, excavation, etc. leads to marginal increase in the turbidity of the river.
Source during Operational Phase:
The proposed project will cause permanent impact in submergence zone.
The forest land will not be adversely affected due to the proposed project except submerge zone. However, positive impacts are envisaged in command area and catchment area due to availability of water throughout the year.
It could, therefore, be concluded that the project would not have major adverse impact on the wildlife.
Mitigation Measures
Following activities needs to be paid attention:
Construction activities needs to be restricted to day hours only and the movements of workers and vehicles should be completely banned during early morning and late evening when wildlife activities are at peak.
Workers should be briefed about do’s and don’ts like No hunting, vegetation burning, off-road driving, speeding, improper behavior towards local residents
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 154
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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The project area is close to Radhanagari Wild Life Sanctuary and there are occurrences of schedule wild life. Hence, sign boards/ Notice Boards at the site like, NO HORN PLEASE, SILENCE ZONE etc. will be fixed
Animals, which are found within the project area and categorized under Schedule I to Schedule IV of Wild Life Protection Act 1972, are strictly protected and there is a complete ban on their exploitation for any purpose. Care should be taken not to disturb their habitats.
In addition, do the awareness program among the, drivers school children & local community about the ecology & biodiversity.
Proper management of waste material.
Positive impact would be that the water in the reservoir would be beneficial to the reservoir fisheries due to the increase in water volume and nutrients in the reservoir.
Reservoir fisheries would create socio-economic benefit to the resettled land losers and those in the downstream area, who can depend on reservoir fisheries as a supplementary occupation.
Due care should be taken while clearing the submergence site for woody vegetation in order to minimize the organic matter degradation in the reservoir.
Availability of water in command area will cause use of excess chemical fertilizers pesticides, unhealthy agronomy practices
Recommendations
The native/local species should be used for green belt development.
Introduction of exotic plant species should be strictly avoided.
In order to minimise impact on wildlife, movement of vehicles should be strictly monitored.
Restriction of construction activity from dusk to dawn so as to avoid impact on wildlife during night times
Catchment Area Treatment plan should be implemented to control sedimentation and turbidity during operation phase
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 155
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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Lean flow throughout the year should be maintain to avoid adverse impact on downstream river ecology
Command area Development Plan shall be prepared
4.2.6 Land Use
Land which will be going under submergence is a rain fed agricultural land. It is observed that the agricultural activity is mainly monsoon dependent. Increased productivity of the command area must compensate for the loss of the submerged land before agricultural benefits can be counted. Therefore this impact can be termed as Temporary Low negative impact
Due to provision of assured water for irrigation improved cropping pattern will be practiced; and cropping intensity is likely to be increased. Therefore this will be a Permanent High positive impact.
4.2.7 Impact on social and community structure
For construction of earthen dam and its allied works, total 631.162 Ha land is required for submergence, dam seat, tail channel, alternative roads & other allied works which incorporates 585.772 ha Private Land, 11.25 ha Govt. Land and 34.14 ha Identified Forest Land.
Total 967 families and 3849 population being affected from village namely Durganagar, Nardave, Bhairavgaon, Yawateshwar and Jambhalgaon.
Affected families are proposed to be rehabilitated in three new gaothans namely Jambhavade, Digawale and Sangve with 18 civic amenities
Mitigation Measures
Due to project there is lot of inconvenience in transport facility. Public transportation to be developed
Proper compensation to the project affected family should be given on time
100% land acquisition compensation and rehabilitation facilities to be provided
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 156
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
4.2.8 Impact on Aesthetic Values
The creation of the reservoir and surrounding it by plantation would enhance the aesthetic value of the site. This may attract water birds and create pleasing atmosphere. All this is likely to attract tourists from various places.
4.3 Impact Assessment Methodology
4.3.1 Methodology Adopted
The Methodology adopted for the EIA study is Matrix Method. The environmental attributes considered for assessing impacts of the project are air and meteorology, water, geology, topography and soils, noise levels, vegetation and forests, wildlife, socio-economic aspects, land use pattern and existence of historical or pilgrimage sites.
4.3.2 Matrix Method
It is a combination of two checklists; one describing potential impact of the proposed action (columns) and other listing environmental, including socio economic conditions that might be affected (rows). It gives interpretation and measurement value.
It lists potential impacts of a development activity, showing simple casual relationships. It is also accompanied by a report describing how values in cells are arrived.
Here the Environmental factors are divided into three major heads viz.
1) Physical aspects 2) Socioeconomic conditions 3) Ecological conditions Cause and effect relationship is established for each environmental factor. Relative weightage is assigned to each component, which is going to be affected by the project. The value assigned is based on the area and the time span for which the component is affected. Impact multiplier is assigned considering the severity of the impact viz. low (1), medium (2) and high (3) and the (+) and (-) sign is given in case of positive and negative impact respectively. The duration of impacts is described as temporary (T) and permanent (P).
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 157
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Table No.4.1. Environmental Impacts of the Project
Features likely to be Construction Borrowing of Importing of Evacuation Compensation Soil conservation Reservoir & Irrigation affected Activity materials labour and landscaping KT Weir Filling Air Quality -1T -1T 0 0 0 +1P +2P 0 Noise Quality -1T -1T -1T 0 0 0 0 0 Water Resources -2T -1T -2T 0 0 +2P +2P +3P Water Quality -2T -1T -1T 0 0 +2P +2P +3P Landuse -1T -1T -1T -2T +1P +3P -1T +3P Soil -2T -1T -1T -1T 0 +3P +1P +3P Ecology -2T -1T 0 -1T +1P +3P +2P +3P Employment Status +2T +1T +3T -1T +3P +1P +2P +3P Public Health -1T 0 -1T 0 0 0 0 +2P Aesthetics -1T 0 -1T 0 0 +3P +3P +3P
Notes: Likely effect is symbolized as follows: T = Temporary effect; P = Permanent effect Low Medium High Beneficial +1 +2 +3 Detrimental -1 -2 -3
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 158
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
CHAPTER NO. 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
5.1 Site Location
The Proposed Dam is situated on Gad River. The Gad River is one of the West Flowing Rivers in Maharashtra falling into Arabian Sea. The Gad Basin lies between North latitude 16o to 16o 20' and East longitude 730 30’ to 740 approximately.
The geological investigation of this project site were carried out earlier by Shrii R.B. Bansode (1979), and Shri J.S. Rawat (1980) of Engineering Geological Division of Geological Survey of India, Nagpur. From this investigations it was suggested to study the alternative dam sites as the investigated are not having suitable foundation grade rock for waste weir and COT. The alternative dam alignments explored but found to be of same nature at sub grade. Therefore original alignment was freshly further explored upto fresh hard rock. The positive cut off for earthen dam and waste weir foundation on this deep fresh rock are proposed.
5.2 Technology Used
All possible alternative technologies have taken into consideration for design of dam and KT weirs.
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 159
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
CHAPTER NO. 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM
6.1 Introduction
The purpose of environmental monitoring is to evaluate the effectiveness of implementation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) by periodically monitoring the important environmental parameters within the impact area, so that any adverse effects are detected and timely action can be taken.
6.2 Monitoring Program (Construction /Operation)
The Management Plan suggests the mitigation measures to be undertaken to minimize the adverse environmental impacts and deals with the following aspects
The predicted impacts of various Environmental attributes in general; Impacts expected due to impounding of reservoir and KT Weirs Catchment area treatment for catchment area at dam site; Greenbelt Development Command Area Development Plan for Sustainable Irrigation; Socio-economic aspects, which include land acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement plan for the project affected families.
Various measures will be implemented and monitored by the Environmental Management Team established for effective environment management in the project area.
The monitoring of various environmental parameters is necessary and is an integral part of the environmental protection measures. The Environmental Monitoring is to be conducted for the following parameters:
Water Quality Monitoring of Surface and ground water Soil Quality monitoring in command area Ambient air quality monitoring Noise level monitoring Monitoring in change in ecology and cropping pattern
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 160
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Frequency of monitoring is tabulated in Table No. 6.1
Table No. 6.1. Suggested Monitoring Programme
Sr. Period & Type Locations Parameters No. Frequency 1. Water Quality Project site Drinking water Quarterly Monitoring of 10 sample from parameters as per IS Surface and command area 10500. ground water 2. Monitoring the Ground water Ground water level in Pre monsoon Ground water source near mbgl Post monsoon level Project site 10 sample from command area 3. Soil Quality 10 sample from Organic matter, N, P, Quarterly monitoring in command area K, Alkalinity, and command area Acidity, heavy metals and trace metal. Alkalinity, Acidity. 4. Ambient air Project Site SO2, N0x, PM2.5, 24-hr average quality One Upwind PM10, samples every monitoring Direction quarter during One downwind construction and Direction operation phase. 10 sample from command area 5. Noise Level Project site dB (A) levels Hourly Day and monitoring Two samples in Night time Leq Surrounding area levels every quarter One sample in during construction each command phase and every area village quarter during operation phase. 6. Monitoring in Project site Density and diversity Yearly change in ecology In and around of trees project area 7. Monitoring in Observation on Change in crop Yearly change in cropping pattern type cropping pattern in command area Cropping intensity
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 161
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
CHAPTER 7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES
7.1 Public Consultation
The public hearing for Nardave Medium Irrigation Project, Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg, Maharashtra was conducted on 29th August 2018 at 10 am at Dnyandeep Sanskrutik Bhavan, Madhyamik Vidya Mandir, Kanedi, At Post. Sangve (Kanedi Bazar), Tehsil Kankavali, Dist. Sindhudurg.
Hon’ble Member Secretory, Maharashtra Pollution Control Board, Mumbai issued office order of Public Hearing Committee vide Office order No. E 60/ BOJD/WPC/PH/B/2956 Dtd. 08.08.2018
Following were the Panel Members
1. Shri. Dilip Pandharpatte Chairman District Collector, Sindhudurg
2. Shri. Nagesh S. Lohalkar Member Regional Officer, MPCB, Kolhapur
3. Mrs. Indira Gaikwad, Convener Sub Regional Officer, MPCB, Ratnagiri
The advertisement, minutes of Public Hearing, photographs, its reply in tabular form is enclosed as an Annexure No. 3
7.2 Dam Break Analysis and Emergency Action Plan
The Dam Break Analysis ad Emergency Action Plan is enclosed as an Annexure No. 4
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 162
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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CHAPTER 8 PROJECT BENEFITS
8.1 Introduction
The Naradave Medium Irrigation Project will provide assured irrigation facility to the area and help to enhance the income from the agriculture based activities in the region. This will boost the social as well as economic conditions of the farmers.
There is a need of such type of project to improve the livelihood, enhance the income status of peoples. The proposed Naradave Medium Irrigation Project intends to irrigate 8084 ha land of 48 villages of Kankavli, Kudal and Malvan Taluka of Sindhudurg District.
8.2 Project Benefited villages
Out of total 48 villages, 30 villages of Kankavli taluka, 10 villages of Malvan & 8 villages of Kudal taluka of Sindhudurg district will be benefited.
8.3 Increase in Employment
The project is expected to provide fair employment opportunities during the construction phase of the project. Employment will be generated with respect to both skilled as well as unskilled labour. Furthermore this project is also expected to generate secondary employment opportunities in the form of agro-based industries after its completion.
Estimated work force for running & maintenance of the system is of about 100 individuals. Additional direct and indirect employment will be generated due to overall development of the area.
8.4 Economic Aspects
The Konkan region is known for the heavy rainfall and ample amount of water, in rainy season. The rainfall in the area is +3000 mm. It is observed that due to poor irrigation facilities storm water in rainy season flows to the Arabian Sea and villages in the Konkan region face drought in summer.
Most of the population in project area is dependent on the agriculture produce. Provide adequate water supply for irrigation is the only way to improve the living standard of peoples
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 163
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018 in this area. The soil in the project area is fertile and capable for cash crops like Mango, coconut and Cashew etc. if sufficient and assured water is available. The climate is favorable for high yield crops such as Mango, coconut and oil palms. This proposed project will help to improve the agriculture and employment in the project area. The major crops in proposed project area are Rice, Nagli, some seasonal vegetables, Mango and Cashew only. There is no perennial irrigation found in project area. In the project area, not single well or bore well is used for irrigation.
There is a need of such type of project to improve the livelihood, enhance the income status of peoples. The proposed Naradave Medium Irrigation Project intends to irrigate 8084 ha land of 48 villages of Kankavli, Kudal and Malvan Taluka of Sindhudurg District.
The project is expected to enable the local people to change cropping patterns and cultivate both the cash crops as well as the perennials. This will lead to increase in the agro-based industries in the command area, which would eventually lead to the economic up-liftment of the area.
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 164
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
CHAPTER 9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
9.1 Introduction
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is required to mitigate the possible adverse impact of a project and to augment the positive impact with maintaining the existing environmental quality. The EMP includes all aspects of planning, construction and operation of the project, which are related to the surrounding environment.
9.2 Management during Dam & KT Weir Construction
The impacts during the construction stage of the proposed project on the environment are basically of transient in nature and are expected to reduce gradually on completion of the construction activities. The measures recommended to be undertaken for the proposed project during its construction phase are the following:
Recommendations:
Clearing of submergence area is required wherever possible. This activity involves removal of trees, shrubs, vines etc. which otherwise would disintegrate or decay, and perhaps float / drift to the shore and get accumulated at the bottom.
The shoreline subjected to erosion should be cleaned up to the extent to which the wave action is apprehended to affect.
Trees should be demarcated first and cutting should be done in phases to recover the economic value.
Trees and bushes should be cut right up to the bottom to avoid wood decay, which causes nuisance and deteriorates water quality.
During excavation and transportation over un-metalled roads near the project site, there is a scope for local dust emissions. Frequent water sprinkling in the vicinity of the construction activity should be done and it should be continued even after the completion of the dam construction, as there is a scope for vehicular movement.
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 165
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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Since there is likelihood of fugitive dust from the construction activity, material handling and from the truck movement in the vicinity of the project site, the authorities should go for tree plantation programme along the approach roads and the construction camps.
The construction site should be provided with sufficient and suitable toilet facilities for workers to allow proper standards of hygiene.
Collected waste from residential areas shall be transferred to community bin by hand-driven containerized carts or other small vehicle. Horticulture and construction / demolition wastes or debris shall be separately collected and disposed off.
The depths, charge, matrix of holes and delay may be optimized to minimize vibrations and noise caused by the blasting operations.
Though the noise effect on the nearest inhabitants due to construction activity will be negligible, it is advisable that on site workers using high noise equipment shall adopt noise protective devices like earmuff and earplugs. .
It should be ensured that both gasoline and diesel powered construction vehicles/machinery are properly maintained to minimize smoke in the exhaust emissions. The vehicle maintenance area should be located in such a manner as to prevent contamination of surface and ground water sources by accidental spillages of oil. For this the surface water drain will be provided for vehicle parking and fuel storage areas and this drain will be isolated from that of surface and ground water sources. Unauthorized dumping of waste oil should be prohibited.
As soon as construction is over the surplus earth and rubble should be utilized to fill up low-lying areas. The rubbish should be cleared and all un-built surface reinstated.
Reclamation of borrow areas is imperative, however, in present case due care has been taken to identify the borrow areas within the submergence zone.
To prevent unauthorized felling of trees for fuel wood in the nearby areas by construction workers, it should be ensured that the contractor provides alternative fuel (LPG / Kerosene) for cooking requirements.
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9.3 Management of Physical and Environmental Resources
The mitigation measures to be taken-up during the construction and operational phases are suggested below.
9.3.1 Surface Water Hydrology
In order to maintain the regulation of flows in the river, the following suggested measures needs to be implemented.
Recommendations:
As the downstream trends of the river flows can adversely affect the reservoir regulation plan, a monitoring programme should be set up to investigate the trends which really exist so as to modify the regulation plan accordingly; and
Definite criteria should be set up for the reservoir for minimum water release planning while taking downstream requirements into consideration.
9.3.2 Water Quality
Implementing the following measures should minimize long-term adverse impacts on the water quality.
Recommendations:
Care should be taken in clearing the vegetation from the submergence area to avoid eutrophication and release of obnoxious gases;
A regular monitoring programme of water quality in the reservoir and in the downstream river reaches should be undertaken to evaluate the actual alterations of water quality and their effects on fisheries resources and downstream water users; and
In addition to the above, ground water quality and water table fluctuations in the vicinity of the dam, should be monitored.
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9.3.3 Ecology & Biodiversity
The project area is mainly characterized by deciduous and moist deciduous vegetation with semi evergreen and evergreen elements in patches. Semi evergreen and evergreen forests patches observed mainly towards Sahyadri hill ranges in the area under catchment. Areas under submergence are mainly with scanty vegetation but near wall of the dam a forest patch have been observed. Area consists of main agriculture crops like rice, barley, ragi during monsoon season with fruit bearing crops like coconut, cashew nut & areca nut in fragmented areas. The vegetation cover is scanty with much disturb forests in many places due intense tree cuttings in the area under submergence. In order to manage the ecosystem following management practices are recommended.
Recommendations:
Terrestrial Ecology
The judicious sequencing of construction, operation and appropriate location of labour camps, project colony etc.
Cutting of existing trees should be carried out under the supervision of Forest Department and records maintained. The Department should provide adequate security to ensure that no illegal felling of trees takes place.
The movement of vehicles should be strictly monitored and excessive blowing of horn and lighting in the night should be avoided. Such activities may cause disturbance to the local fauna.
Restriction of construction activity from dawn to dusk to avoid impact on wildlife during night.
A long-term Catchment Area Treatment Plan should be set up for the post impoundment period with following purpose:
Control of illegal agricultural activities in the remaining catchment area;
Provision for proper land utilization practices in the catchment area to reduce the losses of top soil and flash floods,
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Afforestation of shifting cultivation areas by planting fast growing tree species &
Taking view of existing watershed activities in the catchment.
Strict law enforcement should be undertaken for conservation of wildlife; and
Conservation of species that are living or feeding along the shoreline of the reservoir and conservation of certain areas as habitat of water birds.
Aquatic Ecology: The data obtained during this study is quite limited. The long-term data on the fishes is not available, as the river is not monitored on continuous basis by the Fisheries Department. In the post-impoundment period, the following measures are suggested:
Regularly monitoring changes in the reservoir ecology to obtain data necessary for improvement of the fisheries and ecology as a whole;
Control of excessive growth of aquatic weeds; and
Control of destructive fishing methods.
9.4 Catchment Area Treatment (CAT) Plan
The Catchment area of a dam or reservoir is the area from where it derives its water supply. This includes the valley in which the reservoir is situated and the surrounding slopes up to the ridgeline. Any rainfall in this area runs off the slopes and into the main drain where it is impounded by the reservoir. It follows that soil erosion has a direct impact on the water quality in the reservoir.
The river Gad Originates from Sahyadri Mountains ranges. The catchment area of proposed dam is 47.70Sq.km (18.53 sq miles). The slope of the catchment area is palm shaped surrounded by hill ranges with steep slope. The catchment area is good thick forest and vegetation. The catchment area lies in the heavy rainfall zone in range of 5588 mm to 6350 mm based on the isohytal map prepared by IMD for west flowing rivers. The catchment area of the project is good not degraded.
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9.4.1 Objects of Catchment Area Treatment Plan
Arresting and preventing deposits and silts sediments being discharged directly in river of Gad through various soil and moisture conservation measures and they by helping to increase the life span of the reservoir.
To help in improving the hydrology of the catchment ensuring draining of water into river throughout the year as well as by improving soil moisture regime will help in agriculture and forest areas.
To increase the vegetation cover so as to improve the density of degraded forest by taking plantation there by helping the development of flora and faunas of the tract
To increase production of timber, fuel wood, bamboo, fodder & to meet the local demand of vicinity villagers
To maintain and to protect biodiversity and the gene pool of the area
To suggest treatment which will reduce the surface run-off and will improve the sub soil water regime so that the impact on the dam be reduced and will in turn enhance life of the dam.
9.4.2 Methodology
The different data layers of the catchment area used for the study are as under:
Land Use Classification Map Catchment Area Map Soil & Slope Map Drainage and Contour Map Watershed Management
9.4.3 Status of the Project Catchment Area
Catchment area of Nardave Medium Irrigation Project covers a total area of about 4958.5 ha. The classes found were water bodies, dense and less dense forest, open scrub, vegetation outside forest, plantation, agriculture barren area and settlements. The following table shows the distribution pattern of different land use and land forms in the catchment region
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Table No.9.1. Area Statistics for the catchment area
Class Area (ha) Water Body 36.35 Dense Forest 2099.87 Less Dense Forest 745.57 Settlement 97.34 Open Scrub 587.12 Barren Area 364.03 Agriculture 718.73 Vegetation Outside Forest 237.89 Plantation 71.60 Total Area 4958.50
Percent distribution of Land Use Land Cover forms for the Catchment Area of Nardave Medium Irrigation Project 5% 1%1% Water Body
Dense Forest 15% Less Dense Forest 42% 7% Settlement Open Scrub 12% Barren Area
15% Agriculture 2%
Figure No. 9.1. Land use and land cover map of catchment area
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9.4.4 Estimation of Soil loss
Soil loss can be estimated using Silt Yield Index (SYI) method. The application of SYI method for prioritisation of sub water sheds in catchment area involves the evaluation of:
1. Geomorphic factors comprising slope and drainage characteristics; landforms and physiography.
2. Surface covers factors governing the flow hydraulics.
3. Climatic factors comprising total precipitation its frequency and intensity
4. Management factors
The area of each of the mapping units is arrived at and Silt Yield Index of individual sub- water sheds are computed using following equation:-
Silt Yield Index SYI = ∑ (Ai x Wi x Di) / AW x 100; i= 1 to n
Where:
SYI = Sediment Yield Index Ai = Area of ith mapping unit Wi = Weightage value of ith mapping unit Di = Adjusted delivery ratio assigned to ith mapping unit n = No. of mapping units
Catchment area of these areas is crucial to safeguarding the life of the reservoir. It is recommended that work on these sub-watersheds should be to be carried out
9.4.5 Proposed Catchment Area Treatment Plan
For catchment area development, three types of interventions are proposed in the project area. These are as follows: a) Drainage line treatment for soil Conservation
Gully Plugs: Dry rubble structures are proposed across small gullies formed on the slopes. On the higher reaches, plugging them with vegetative support is proposed
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Loose Boulder Structure: The design and construction of loose boulder structures is similar to that of gully plugs. The loose boulder structures are larger than gully plugs. These are proposed on the sub streams of our project area which will reduce the erosion of nallah banks and bed. b) Soil Conservation Activity for Area Treatment
Terrace Bund Improvement: The intervention is meant to stop the degradation of soil on the slight sloping grounds (slope range between 0 to 5 per cent). This treatment is beneficial for increasing the soil moisture and thus the fertility of land c) Plantation and Afforestation - for increasing the vegetative cover
Afforestation in new areas and Reforestation in the existing area (where plant density and diversity has reduced) are included in this.
Under afforestation and reforestation activities multipurpose tree species that are suitable to this area based on farmer’s plantation experience will be planted
9.5 Fishery Conservation and Management Plan
The river Gad Originates from Sahyadri Mountains ranges. This river Originates mainly with three Nallas and number of small Nallas. The River Gad flows towards west and meets Arabian Sea near villages Revandi in Malvan Taluka. The river flows only in rainy season and no commercial fishery activity is carried out, hence this cannot serve as a perennial fish culturing spot. When adequate water is available in the nalla fish are exploited to a beneficial extent and varieties such as minor carps and several other species of lesser importance are reared.
Preliminary investigation with local fishermen revealed that there are different varieties of fishes, viz. Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia), Gambusia affinis (Western mosquito fish) Heteropneustes fossilis (Asian stinging catfish), Cyprinus carpio (Common carp) and Ompak bimaculatus (Pabda) normally harvested in the river. It may be mentioned that Tilapia is an exotic hardy fish, breed profusely throughout the year and can tolerate low DO state of water. Since its market price is comparatively less, mostly people from economically weaker sections like this fish.
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The suitable species from the above mentioned fishes can be cultivated after filling up of reservoir and KT weirs. This would facilitate rich fish growth posing positive impact due to this project.
Recommendations
Creation of a barrier in the form of a dam across the migratory path of some fishes may considerably undermine the survival and breeding of fishes. Hence hatchery in the nearby areas is the most suitable proposition for the fish population. For successful conservation and management of indigenous fish species including the common and less common ones, in the Gad River the following recommendation are made.
Fish Hatchery: The Reservoir and KT Weirs which will be formed due to damming may be commercially exploited for fish consumption during the non-breeding seasons and cooperation may be sought from the state fishery department in this regard. The detailed planning of the hatcheries will be undertaken with the State Fisheries Department. The fish hatchery can be managed by the State Fisheries Department, which may be equipped with the technical know-how for running trout and carp culture fisheries. After rearing the spawn in the hatchery for a stipulated period of time the young fish can be restocked in the reservoir as well as in the river, both upstream and downstream for replenishing the natural population. Seed Collection: One of the main problems faced during the Culture practices is the procurement of the seed, particularly of the indigenous varieties. The procuring the fish seed, the brood fish can be easily collected from the river itself, especially just below the dam. The striped fish can be returned to the natural habitat and the spawn reared in the hatchery constructed for the purpose. For the development of fisheries and management of reservoir following steps are necessary: o Analysis of Water Quality: Prior to seed stocking in the reservoir, detailed study of physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water and the soil of reservoir and KT Weirs are required.
o Seed Stocking: The main problem confronting the fisheries developing agencies is whether the resident indigenous species would be able to establish successfully in the lacustrine system.
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o Organization of Fishermen: Owing to water spread entire reservoir and KT weirs, it would support and require an organization of a few fishermen in the beginning. The Fishery Department would be advised to allow the use of fishing gears of definite types (cast nets and gill nets, etc.) and proper mesh size to prevent the young and juvenile fish from over-exploitation. Simultaneously, the authorities should initiate a training programme for operating hatchery at the surface and deeper waters.
Other Requirements: For the control of noxious weeds, harvesting of fishes (for rapid growing fishes and non-cultivable fishes) and maintenance appropriate steps are required to be planned. Conservation of Downstream River Bed: Since construction of the dam and KT weirs affects the flow of water in the river, the river bed below the dam site gets invariably affected and many a time a long stretch of river bed downstream of a dam gets affected due to low volume of water. However, schedule of the release of the water downstream will be planned in a manner that will ensure survival of aquatic life downstream. Institutional framework: Among the major initiates by various institutes working in these areas including efforts by CIFRI’s. All India Coordinated Project on Reservoir Fisheries 1971, which has subsequently led to formulation on reservoir fisheries management policies, is well known. It has promoted increasing of mesh size, decreasing fishing effort and increasing of stocking as major management options. Another major initiative by State Directorates of Fisheries and Fish Farmers Development Agencies (FFDA’s) has made India the Second Largest aquaculture production state. Major research inputs in the areas of habitat requirements (spawning and feeding) are available with Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (CIFRI), ICAR, and National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR). Apart from these bodies, various legal provisions such as River Boards Act 1956, Water Cess Act 1977 and Water Act 1974 forms regulatory control of fisheries management. Besides, there is Wildlife Protection Act 1986 which forms umbrella act and empowers the Govt. of India, to take necessary measures to protect and improve quality of environment. The department of Water resources in consultation with the existing network of institutes must see that the water body of this stature will remain as good breeding, feeding, or water
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source for the local fish species, local and migratory birds and water scares wildlife species.
9.6 Biodiversity and Wildlife Conservation & Management Plan
The project area lies in the foothills of Sahyadri ranges on the western side of Kolhapur district. The area is situated in the undulating terrain of Sahyadri ranges.
The Radhanagari Wild Life Sanctuary situated 0.75 to 2 km away from the project site. Also site visits and interviews with local people did reveal presence of any rare, threatened or endangered wildlife (floristic or faunal elements), the Wild Life Management Plan is an attempt to address overall concern to protect the existing wildlife in the area. The plan will address all our concerns to the environment.
The plan has been divided into
Vegetation and Wildlife Management Plan Recommendations
9.6.1 Vegetation and Wildlife Management Plan
It is believed that the “the survival of man is dependent on the survival of animal and plant life”. Therefore, the wildlife management plan is essential for the project planning to be set up in the vicinity of reserve forests or protected areas. Keeping this in mind, recommendations are provided for better management of floral and faunal elements.
The project area is mainly characterized by deciduous and moist deciduous vegetation with semi evergreen and evergreen elements in patches. Semi evergreen and evergreen forests patches observed mainly towards Sahyadri hill ranges in the area under catchment. Areas under submergence are mainly with scanty vegetation but near wall of the dam a forest patch have been observed. The vegetation cover is scanty with much disturb forests in many places due intense tree cuttings in the area under submergence.
The vegetation survey of Nardave medium irrigation project area of Kankavli Taluka of Sindhudurga district reveals a total 147 plant species recorded during study period. Out of 147 species recorded 42 are herbaceous, 19 are shrubs, 17 are climbers, 7 are woody liana and 62 are tree species. In study area a monotypic endemic genera with single species namely
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Erinocarpus nimmonii is recorded representing family Tiliaceae. Only gymnosperm Gnetum ula is also recorded from Yavateshwar village.
In the study area it is estimated that 17 species, which are endemic to Western Ghats are occurring in the study area. These are Dimorphocalyx lawianus, Terminalia paniculata, Argyrea boseana, Argyrea cuneata, Ixora brachiata, Lamphrachnium microcephalum, Utricularia albocerulea, Jasminum malabaricum, Ceropegia oculata, Exacum pumilum, Strobilanthes callosa, Haplanthodes tentaculata, Pogostemon deccanensis, Dendrobium microbulbon, Dendrobium barbatulum, Ensete superbum, Amorphophallus commutatus. In RET category, Ceropegia oculata a critically endangered plant species were recorded from catchment area of Yavateshwar and Durganagar which is less affected by the activity of dam construction. Along with these Zingiber neesanum-Vulnerable taxa was also recorded. Low risk taxa like Amorphophallus commutatus, Strobilanthes callosa, Dendrobium microbulbon, Ensete superbum, Erinocarpus nimmonii are recorded from catchment area.
The qualitative analysis results into record of many lianas like Dalbergia horrida, Gnetum ula, Deploclasia glauscance, etc. especially occurs in the riparian vegetation of catchment area. Phytosociological study in the area under submergence shows less diversity and density in species composition. But in the catchment area and in sacred grooves species composition is variable and unique. Therefore in catchment area the vegetation could be more protected after this developmental activity of dam construction. Most of the area in the catchment sites preserves typical elements of respected forest types.
Floral elements of the submergence zone, much negative impacts are expected due to existing vegetation of the submergence zone required to be cut and removed where as more positive impacts on the diversity of flora and fauna are envisaged in the catchment area of the project.
Animals, which are found within the project area and categorized under schedule I to Schedule IV of Wild Life Protection Act 1972, are strictly protected and there is a complete ban on their exploitation for any purpose. The list these species has been provided n chapter No. 3, section no. 3.11. Care should be taken not to disturb their habitats
A developmental project like this, with a typical rural but environmental setting, has a distinct advantage of driving economic development of the area. However, there is responsibility to ensure that the natural wealth is well protected. Therefore the requirement for the preparation of wildlife management plan forms the part of Terms of reference provided by the Ministry
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The project authorities should ensure that during the construction as well as operation phase, no disturbance to any wildlife or its habitat is done. There are species from various schedules of Wildlife Protection Act. These species enjoy legal protection and no cause for worry. Additionally, for these as well as the remaining species, the habitat of the project area is not the unique one and extends to adjoin areas. Formation of reservoir would attract wildlife to the area. Water is a limiting factor here and impacts of spread of vegetation, and presence of wildlife. Also for many aquatic birds, these water bodies serve as excellent habitat. Care therefore required to be exercised so that no disturbance of any kind is made to these areas
The existing protection was found adequate, general recommendations are made to ensure that the proposed project should have the positive impact on the local floral and faunal elements.
9.6.2 Recommendations
1. The project area is close to Radhanagari Wild Life Sanctuary and there are occurrences of schedule wild life. Hence, sign boards/ Notice Boards at the site like, NO HORN PLEASE, SILENCE ZONE etc. will be fixed
2. Awareness program among the, drivers, school children & local community about the ecology & biodiversity.
3. Care is required to be exercised during the excavation and transportation over un- metalled roads near the project site, so that there is a no scope for local dust emissions. Frequent water sprinkling in the vicinity of the construction activity should be done
4. During construction and operation phases, strict instructions to the contractors, labourers to avoid cutting of vegetation of any kind in the project area as well as in the catchment of the dam
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5. Instruction to the contractors, labourers, and workers to avoid any kind of activities in the dam or its periphery which might disturb feeding, breeding and roosting of aquatic birds and wildlife if any.
6. As a corporate social responsibility, project authorities should undertake plantation of native species in the catchment that is in the immediate vicinity of the wetland
7. Control of Poaching; taxidermy and Illegal Trade in Wild Animal and Plant Species is strictly prohibited as per the various laws related to the Wildlife Protection. In cases any of such things are noticed, it is required to be brought to the notice of the forest officials.
8. The movement of the project vehicles should be strictly monitored and excessive blowing of horn, lighting in the night should be banned. Such activities may cause disturbance to the local fauna.
9. Adequate allocation for the financial resources required to be made to implement the wildlife management plan.
9.7 Green Belt Development Plan
The plantation and green belt development in the project area not only serves as foreground and background landscape features but also results in harmonization and amalgamation of the physical structures of the project with surrounding environment. Plantations also contribute towards environmental improvement in the following ways:
Prevent spreading of particulates to the nearby areas;
Provide vegetative cover;
Increase the aesthetics of the surrounding; and
Provide nesting, feeding and breeding sites for fauna.
9.7.1 Greenbelt should be developed in the following areas:
Plantation along the Full Reservoir Level;
Plantation at downstream of the dam and near KT weirs
Plantation along approach roads; rehabilitation village area
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9.7.2 Greenbelt Development Program
The detailed program for green belt is suggested below:
A. Criteria for Selection of Species
The choice of vegetative species for planting should be based on studies of the natural vegetation in the area and on the environmental conditions.
Plant species which shows higher adaptability to local climatic conditions
Preferably indigenous, endemic and rare species
Plant that serves as nesting, feeding and breeding site for fauna
Plant that enhances the aesthetics of the surrounding areas
Plants species having importance in soil binding
Plant species with different height, growth habits and bole shapes
Economically important plant species.
B. Additional Information about Plantation
To undertake plantation on site for different purposes, following steps will be involved:
Raising seedlings in nursery, as being presently followed;
Preparation of pits and preparing them for transfer of seedlings as being practiced at present; and
After-care and monitoring
9.7.3 Plantation:
According to the habit of plant, distance between two pits can be decided. For tree habitat 10 m x 10 m, and for shrubs 5 m x 5 m is preferred. A triangular arrangement of plants is frequently prescribed;
Pit size for trees should be 1 m x 1 m x 1 m, and for shrubs 0.9 m x 0.9 m x 0.9 m;
The pits should be filled by using good loamy / red soil (3 parts) and farmyard manure (1 part); and
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Sapling should be planted in the center by providing proper support.
Plantation along the Full Reservoir Level (FRL)
Two meters area within FRL should be taken in to consideration for green belt. Selection of species will be based upon species reported during ecological survey and having soil binding properties.
Plantation along Approach Roads & Rehabilitated Villages
Both sides of each approach road should be considered for plantation. Selection of species should be according to road width and habit of plant.
Compensatory Afforestation
Table No.9.2. List of Plant Species for Plantations
Sr. No. Name of Species Habit Family Common Name 1. Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. Tree Leguminosae Khair 2. Achyranthes aspera L. Herb Amaranthaceae Aghada 3. Anacardium occidentale L. Tree Anacardiaceae Kaju 4. Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Tree Moraceae Phans 5. Bombax ceiba L. Tree Bombaceae Shemal 6. Bombax insigne Wall. Tree Bombaceae 7. Bridelia retusa (L.) A. Juss. Tree Euphorbiaceae Katak 8. Careya arborea Roxb. Tree Lecithidaceae Kumbha 9. Carissa congesta Wight Shrub Asclepiadaceae Karavand 10. Cissus elongata Roxb. Shrub Vitaceae 11. Cocos nucifera L. Tree Arecaceae Naral 12. Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Tree Fabaceae Shisavi 13. Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees Tree Poaceae Bambu 14. Ficus amplissima J.E.Sm. Tree Moraceae Payar 15. Ficus hirsuta L.f. Tree Moraceae Kala Umbar 16. Ficus racemosa L. Tree Moraceae Umbar 17. Gloriosa superba L. Climber Liliaceae Kallavi 18. Gmelina arborea Roxb. Tree Lamiaceae Shivan 19. Grewia asiatica L. Tree Tiliaceae 20. Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale Tree Rubiaceae Haldu 21. Heterophragma quadriloculare (Roxb.) Tree Bignoniaceae Waras K.Shum. 22. Hibiscus hispidissimus Griff. Shrub Malvaceae 23. Homonoia riparia Lour. Shrub Euphorbiaceae 24. Ixora coccinea L. Shrub Rubiaceae Ishvari 25. Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. Tree Lythraceae Nana
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Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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Sr. No. Name of Species Habit Family Common Name 26. Leea indica (Burm. f.) Merr Shrub Leeaceae Dinda 27. Mangifera indica L. Tree Anacardiaceae Amba 28. Mussaenda belilla Buch.-Ham. Shrub Rubiaceae Bhutkes 29. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz Tree Bignoniaceae Tetu 30. Pavetta indica L. var. tomentosa (Roxb. Shrub Rubiaceae Phapat ex Sm.) Hook. f. 31. Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Tree Fabaceae Karanj 32. Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Tree Combretaceae Beheda 33. Terminalia chebula Tree Combretaceae Hirda 34. Terminalia elliptica Willd. Tree Combretaceae Ain 35. Terminalia paniculata Roth. Tree Combretaceae Kinjal 36. Vitex negundo L. Tree Lamiaceae Nirgudi 37. Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC. Tree Rutaceae Cherphal
9.7.4 Maintenance of the Plantation
Once a plantation has been established, the survival ratio of the seedlings planted should be monitored. It is necessary to protect established plantation against weather, fire, insects and fungi, and animals. A variety of cultural treatments also may be required to meet the purpose of the plantation.
Weather Phenomena: The occurrence of damaging weather phenomena is usually unpredictable. Little can be done to protect forest plantations against the damage caused by weather, except to grow tree and shrub species known to be resistant to the detrimental effects of local weather patterns.
Fire: Damage by fire imposes a serious threat to plantations. Fire risk should be a major consideration from the early stages of plantation development.
A main principle in protecting plantations against fire is removing dried undergrowth especially the grass regularly.
Insects and Fungi: Care taken in establishment and maintenance operations during the early years of a plantation (resulting in healthy vigorous young trees or shrubs) can help to make a plantation more resistant to insects and fungi. Regular monitoring will be helpful for management in pest, insect attack. Various control measures are available; these may be silvicultural, chemical, biological, or mechanical.
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Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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Biological control of insects has been employed with success in some situations; in most instances, the introduction of a parasite to control the insects is required.
Mechanical control- either by physically removing and destroying the pests or by eliminating the alternative hosts, can be effective.
Domestic Animals: Grazing or browsing by sheep, goats and cattle can be a menace to young plantations. Live hedges and fences can be used to prevent intrusion by domestic animals in opens space plantations, nursery etc. Tree guards can be useful for roadside plantation.
Watering: Plantations in arid regions needs periodic watering during the first growing season to obtain a satisfactory survival rate. Watering should begin after the cessation of rains, when the moisture content of the soil has fallen to near the wilting coefficient; then watering should be repeated at intervals until the onset of the next rainy season. Before each watering, the area around the tree should be cleared of weeds, and a shallow basin should be made around the stem of each tree or shrub to collect as much water as possible. Frequency of watering can be minimize by mulching practice, i.e. by covering of soil by plant residues that will help to retain soil moisture.
9.8 Rehabilitation and Resettlement Plan
9.8.1 Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement:
For construction of earthen dam and its allied works, total 631.162 Ha land is required for submergence, dam seat, tail channel, alternative roads & other allied works which incorporates 585.772 ha Private Land, 11.25 ha Govt. Land and 34.14 ha Identified Forest Land. Out of this total 631.162 ha land acquisition procedure for 566.657 ha is completed and it is in possession of Water Resources Department. For remaining 64.505 ha land, present status is as under.
Table No.9.3. For remaining 64.505 ha land present status
Sr. Componenet Type Acquired Land Remaining No. in hector land in hector 1 Dam, Submergence, Private Land 566.657 19.115 dam seat, tail channel, Govt. Land 00 11.25 alternative roads & Identified Forest Land 00 34.14 other allied works
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 183
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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Table No.9.4. Present Position of Rehabilitation
Sr. Details of Villages Affected Details of Rehabilitation Villages No. Affected Population No of Name of new Present position Village Families Gaothan Land of Creation of Gaothan civic amenities 1 Durganagar 881 236 Jambhavade Acquired 40 % completed 2 Nardave 1240 327 Digawale Acquired 90 % completed 3 Bhairavgaon 426 99 4 Yawateshwar 402 56 Sangve Acquired 90% completed 5 Jambhalgaon 3229 249 (Samhajinagar) Total 3849 967
Table No.9.5. Status of completion of civic amenities
Sr. Name of % age completion Total no. of PAFs/ No. Village of civic amenities PAPs Affected 1 Digawale 90 262 2 Jambhavade 40 260 3 Sangave (Sambhajinagar) 90 445 967
Table No.9.6. Village wise Status of R & R facilities
Village wise Status of Work Sr. Basic Amenities Sangve No. Digwale Jambhawade (Sambhajinagar) 1 Drinking Water Scheme Complete 60 % completed 20 % completed 2 Primary School & work not initiated work not initiated work not initiated ground 3 Grampanchayat work not initiated work not initiated work not initiated Chawadi/ Samajmandir 4 Approach Road and Complete Complete Complete Internal Road 5 Approach Road to farm Not required Not required Not required if required 6 Electricity Supply Complete Complete Complete 7 Crematorium including work not initiated work not initiated work not initiated shed 8 Open Drainage System Complete Complete 54 % Complete 9 Common Toilet Complete Complete Complete 10 Land for cattle Complete Complete Complete 11 Bus Stop Shed Complete Complete Complete 12 Land for Khalwadi Complete Complete Complete
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Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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13 Grazing land if available Land not available Land not available Land not available 14 Development of Market Land reserved for Land reserved for the Land reserved for the same same the same 15 Development of Gaothan Land reserved for Land reserved for the Land reserved for the same same the same 16 Primary Health Centre, Land reserved for Land reserved for the Land reserved for Secondary School, Post the same same the same Office etc. 17 Land for registered Land reserved for Land reserved for the Land reserved for organization the same same the same 18 Playground for children. Land reserved for Land reserved for the Land reserved for the same same the same
Figure No. 9.2. Photographs of Rehabilitation Villages - New Gaothans
Sangve (Samhajinagar)
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 185
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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Jambhavade
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Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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Figure No. 9.3. Mouje Sambhajinagar Rehabilation Gaothan
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 187
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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Figure No. 9.4. Mouje Jambhavade Rehabilitation Gavthan
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Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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9.9 Sanitation and Solid Waste Management Plan
During the project construction, manpower comprising of laborers, technical staff and other officials will be residing in the area. The manpower engaged during the construction phase will be of temporary nature and they are likely to leave the area after the completion of the project. Since a substantial amount of solid waste is generated from the temporary colonies, proper management of the same becomes essential.
Responsibility of the Project Authority
The project authorities need to undertake sufficient precautions to develop a proper system for the sewage treatment for the colonies of laborers and workers. Therefore, portable STP have to be provided for individual dwellings or for a small cluster. The project authorities should ensure proper waste disposal practices by facilitating various disposal methods like composting.
No dumping of solid waste shall be allowed near any water body or a stream to prevent any health hazard to the community.
Collection & Disposal of Solid Waste
Solid waste shall be collected in masonry vats constructed at suitable sites near the colony area. The garbage generated should be transported to the nearest disposal site.
Organic waste should be suitably processed to form compost, which can be used as manure.
In addition to the above facilities, proper sanitary facilities should also be provided at the labor colonies.
The waste water generated from the colony should be collected and treated in portable STP
Proper sanitary facilities should be provided at the colonies as per standard municipal design.
9.10 Labor Management Plan for their Health and Safety
This plan is prepared for protecting the safety and health of Labor/contractors.
Health and Safety Goals is
to achieve an accident / incident free-culture,
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to implement processes and systems for safety excellence and integrate them in everyday activities to develop safe behavior and ensure a safe place for employees
To achieve this goal, Contractor has to prepare Health and Safety Policy and appointment of EHS staff
Figure No. 9.5. Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Controls Methodology
Step 1 : Intent the Hazard Step 2 : Assess the Risk
Step 5 : Monitor and review Step 3 : Evaluate the existing controls
Step 4 : Implement Additional Risk Control
An EHS Committee(s) is established, will ensure that:
EHS meetings are held regularly, at least every 30 days; Minutes of committee meetings and follow-up action plans are documented and available to all employees. Periodic review of Hazard and Risk Identification All employees need some level of training depending on whether they manage, perform, or verify activities affecting health and safety risks or environmental aspects
Table No.9.7. Positive Performance Measure for Safety
Objective Indicator Measure/Monitor Results Improvement All activities to be Risk % Risk assessment subject to hazard Assessment complete % Control analysis and risk measures implemented assessment Review Provision of safe Work place % Scheduled inspections Track progress at workplace inspection completed reported monthly % Actions arising % senior completed monthly management Employees Performance % Employees working meetings working safely based safely observations % Personnel protective equipment (PPE) compliance
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 190
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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Objective Indicator Measure/Monitor Results Improvement Incident reporting Timeliness % Incidents reported and of reporting within 24 hours implementation of Incident % Near-miss incidents remediation investigation % Incident investigation measures effectiveness complete on time Log of % Corrective actions corrective implemented actions
9.11 Muck Management Plan
For construction of different components of Proposed Naradave Dam Project, it expects that huge earthwork will be carried out during construction stage of the project. The excavation will results in large quantity of excavated material i. e. Muck
Quantity of muck generated:
The total 3.24494 Mm3 of muck will be generated in excavation of Cut off trench, Shear key, Drains, Spillway and river training and Stripping.
Table No.9.8. Detail of muck generated is given below
Sr Type of material Total generated Total generated No quantity in quantity in excavation in cum excavation in Mm3 1 Soft Soil 162246 1.62 2 Hard murum & soft Rock 146022 1.46 3 Hard Rock 16224 0.16 Total 324494 3.24
Component wise details of Muck:
Table No.9.9. The component wise detail of the muck likely to be generated
Sr. Name of Components Soft soil Hard Hard rock Total No. murum and quantity in soft rock cum 1 Cut off trench 48674.07 43806.66 4867.41 97348.14
2 Shear key 16224.69 14602.22 1622.46 32449.38 3 Drains 8112.345 7301.11 811.23 16224.69
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 191
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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Sr. Name of Components Soft soil Hard Hard rock Total No. murum and quantity in soft rock cum 4 Spillway and river 56786.415 51107.77 5678.64 113572.83 training 5 Stripping 32449.38 29204.44 3244.93 64898.76 Total quantity in cum 162246.90 146022.21 16224.69 324493.80
Table No.9.10. Details of Material required for dam components, utilization of excavated material and material from borrow area.
Sr. Type of material Required Excavated Material Unutilized No. quantity in material to from borrow excavated cum be utilized area material 1 Impervious Hearting Material I ) Hearting Zone 2376898.0 0.00 2376898.0 ii ) C.O.T.Backfill 530321.00 0.00 530321.00 iii )Random Zone 0.00 0.00 0.00 Sub Total 2907229.00 0.00 2907229.00 2 Pervious Material I ) Casing Zone 12450456.00 445100.00 12005356.00 ii ) Shear Key 3422.00 1138.00 2284.00 Sub Total 12453878.00 446238.00 12007640.00 3 Rubble & Metal for 324493.80 I ) Drains 182557.00 36511.40 146045.60 ii ) Rock Toe 36680.00 7336.00 29344.00 iii ) Pitching 146390.00 29278.00 117112.00 Sub Total 365627.00 73125.40 292501.60 4 Sand 214894.95 0.00 214894.95 5 Gravel 10479.65 0.00 10479.65 Total in cum 15361107.00 446238.00 14914869.00 Total in Mm3 153.61107 4.46238 149.14869
The total 153.61107Mm3 material is required for construction of Proposed Nardave dam. Out of 3.24493 Mm3 muck generated, 2.45512 Mm3 muck will reutilized for construction and remaining required material 149.14869 Mm3will be obtained from borrow area i.e from submergence area. The balance material will be utilized for coffer dam and for approach roads. Refer Figure No. 9.2 Proposed Quary map in the submergence area
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 192
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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Figure No. 9.6. Proposed Quary map in the submergence area
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 193
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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9.12 Environment Flow
The river Gad Originates from Sahyadri Mountains ranges. The catchment area of proposed dam is 47.70Sq.km. The slope of the catchment area is palm shaped surrounded by hill ranges with steep slope. The catchment area is good thick forest and vegetation. The catchment area lies in the heavy rainfall zone in range of 5588 mm to 6350 mm based on the isohytal map prepared by IMD for west flowing rivers. The catchment area of the project is good not degraded.
Using R.R Equations and monthly weighted average monsoon rainfall at Nardave dam site for the period from 1973 to 2007, the 35 years annual yield series is calculated at project site. Annual yield at project site is calculated as below.
i. 100% dependable annual yield including P.M. flow - 90.60 Mcum ii. 75 % dependable annual yield including P.M. flow - 125.80 Mcum iii. Upstream utilization - Nil iv. Net annual yield at 75 %dependability (ii-iii) - 125.80 Mcum
Water availability in basin / sub basin as per tribunal / interstate agreement / master plan / GoM guidelines
i. Yield available in Gad sub basin : 1542.00 Mcum ii. Sanctioned water utilization : 191.43 Mcum (Excluding originally approved Nardave Project)
Yield in sub basin
i. Yield available in Gad sub basin : 1542.00 Mcum ii. Sanctioned water utilization : 191.43 Mcum iii. Utilization of Projects as per certificates issued by Hydrology Project : 13.858 Mcum iv. Total utilization (ii+iii) : 205.288 Mcum v. Net balance water available (i+iv) : 1336.712 Mcum
Effect of Proposed project on downstream project: There is no existing project on downstream of Nardave Medium Project.
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 194
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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The study concludes the following
1 Water balance in Gad basin is 1336.712 Mcum 2 Yield available at Nardave Medium Project at 75 % dependability is 125.80 Mcum as against the demand of 121.78 Mcum 3 Yield available at Nardave Medium Project at 100 % dependability is 90.60 Mcum which meets the requirement of domestic water supply and industrial use.
Management of Environment Flow
To enhance the aquatic life mitigation measures has been proposed to maintain minimum flow in the river.
Proposed impoundment and controlled release will extend the life of the seasonal river, Provision of releasing of impounded water to the downstream has been made, and thereby it not only satisfies the need of the downstream people but also for extends the life of flora and fauna.
11 K T weirs existing weirs in the downstream and 3 K.T. weirs to be proposed. These KT weirs will serving the downstream people and will continue to serve even after the construction of Naradave Dam. K T weirs also would help to meet the requirements of the downstream people.
The calculations of Environmental flow is as below
As per Design Note of “ Water availability studies for Nardave Project obtained from Chief Engineer, Hydrology Project, Nasik vide letter dtd. 27.08.2009 (enclosed herewith) the 90 % dependable yield is in year 2002 is 114.00 Mcum.
The rainfall for year 2002 is 234.39 cm = 2.34 m.
The Catchment Area of Project is 47.70 Sq Km
Environment flow in Monsoon period 25 % ( Month June To Oct) = 153 Days
2.34 X 47.70 X 10, 00,000 = 153 X 24 X 60 X 60
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 195
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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= 8.44 cum/Sec = 25 % of 8.44 cum/sec = 2.11 cum/sec.
Environment flow in Non Monsoon period (Month Nov. To May)
20 % of Monsoon flow = 20% X 8.44 = 1.69 cum/sec NOTE – In Nardave Project the irrigation is proposed through KT weirs. For which 14 Nos of KT weirs on D/S side of Nardave dam are proposed out of 14 Nos. 11 Nos have been completed. To feed up water discharge to KT weirs the flow will be realeased in Gad river from Irrigation cum Power Outlet (ICPO) on left flank. The capacity of discharge from ICPO is 7.66 Cumecs, which is greater than minimum requirement of environmental flow. Hence there is no question of environmental flow in the river in Monsoon & Non Monsoon period.
9.13 Budgetary Allocation for Environment Management
Sr. No. Particulars Total (Rs.in Lakhs) 1 Rehabilitation and Resettlement Plan 7840.832 2 Green Belt Development / Afforestation 140.07229 3 Management of Physical and Environmental Resources 10 4 Catchment Area Treatment Plan 243.46 5 Fishery Management and Conservation Plan 10.00 6 Biodiversity and Wild Life Conservation Management Plan 15.00 7 Sanitation and Solid Waste Management Plan 05.00 8 Health Management Plan 68.58 9 Disaster Management Plan 25
9.14 Corporate Environmental Responsibility
In accordance with the circular issued by Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) dated May 01, 2018 and subsequent circular of June 22, 2018 on Corporate Environment Responsibility Minor Irrigation Division, Water Resource Department, and GoM will implement following plan.
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 196
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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A. Basic Information of the Project
Sr. No. Description Details 1. Name of the Project Nardave Medium Irrigation Project 2. Location of the project Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra 3. Project type (green/brown field) Greenfield Project 4. Cost of the project (Rupees in Lakhs) Rs. 44670.76 lakhs. ( Third Revised) ( As per D.S.R.05-06) 5. Any previous EC and Completion Yes, certificate of the part of the project The Nardave Medium Irrigation Project before May 01, 2018, if yes give the has been 61.50% work of total dam is details with date and reference number completed. 80% of ICPO completed, & 40% of Spillway work was completed, Out of 14 KT Weirs 11 were completed, Land acquisition work was 91% completed & rehabilitation work was 82% completed up to Dec.2016 6. Cost of the part completed project (as Rs. 38322.67 lakhs. per details given at Sr. No. 5) 7. Effective cost of the project for CER Rs. 6348.09 lakhs. consideration (4-6) 8. Applicable norms in terms of % of the 0.5 % of CER Cost i.e. project cost for CER and amount Rs 31.74 lakhs. (Rupees in Lakhs) 9. Expected duration for completion of the 5 Years project (Years)
B. CER Activities Proposed:
Sr. No. Description Details 1. Any issues raised during the Social need assessment is as follows: public hearing, social need Infrastructure creation for drinking water supply assessment, R&R plan, Skill development, training programs on waste EMP, etc. management Electrification including installation of solar power street lights Solid waste management facilities Avenue plantation, plantation in community areas 2. CER activities proposed Infrastructure creation for drinking water supply Road development Awareness to local farmers to increase yield of crop and fodder Awareness program in and around the project area on environment Avenue plantation, plantation in community areas
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Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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Compensatory Afforestation 3. Year wise activity indicating Refer Table No. 9.16 the detail of plan and cost First Year 10.0 Lakhs Second Year 12.0 Lakhs Third Year 6. 0 Lakhs Fourth Year 8 .0 Lakhs Fifth Year 4.0 Lakhs
Table No.9.11. Year wise activity indicating the detail of plan and cost
Year & Amount in Lakhs Sr. Activity Year Year Year Year Year Total No. 1 2 3 4 5 Infrastructure creation for drinking 1. 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 10.0 water supply 2. Road development 4.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 12.0 Awareness to local farmers to 3. 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 6.0 increase yield of crop and fodder Avenue plantation, plantation in 4 community areas/ Compensatory 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 8.0 afforestation Awareness program in and around 5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 10.0 the project area on environment Grand Total 40.0
We undertake to complete the work with our CER commitment as per this plan.
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 198
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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CHAPTER 10 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
The Nardave Medium project is situated in the Kankavli Taluka of Sindhudurga district in the catchment area of Gad River
Components of the Project:
The major components of the project as being executed are as follows.
(I) Earthen Dam: Earthen Dam is proposed in a length of 1749 m and its maximum height and top width are 66.43 m and 6.50 m respectively. Nearly 61.50% of earth work is completed. Earthwork between RD 330 m to 702 m is completed up to RL 174.00m, RD 880 m to 1170 m is completed up to RL 175.00 m and between RD 60 m to 150 m is completed up to RL 155.00 m (Designed TBL is 193.60 m).
(II) Spillway: A cement concrete spillway having a length of 41 m. is proposed in the right flank. The spillway will have 3 Nos of Radial Gates of Size 12 X 5 m and approach channel, stilling basin and tail channel. Excavation for foundation of spillway and stilling basin up to designed level is nearing to completion. Falls are proposed in tail channel for energy dissipation construction of which are in progress. Nearly 40% work of spillway is completed.
(III) Irrigation cum Power Outlet:
Irrigation cum Power Outlet is proposed on left flank at RD 70m with discharging capacity of 7.66 cumecs and a dam foot power house having generation capacity of 3.00 MW. Generating units proposed under this project are 13.45 million units. Excavation excluding approach channel is completed. Construction of penstock for entire length as per design is completed. Construction of dry well up to RL 157.00 m is completed. 80% work of ICPO is completed.
Work of power generation is entrusted to Laksh Power Private Limited, Mumbai on B. O. T. Same work is under supervision of Hydro Division.
(IV) K.T. Weirs:
Due to hilly nature of the country, canals are not economical. Hence in such hilly terrain, storage is built up behind series of KT weirs from where water is lifted for irrigation domestic
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 199
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
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A series of 14 K.T. Weirs is proposed along the river course of Gad river to enable lifting of water for irrigating irrigable command area to the tune of 8084 ha (Cropped Area 12530 ha.) Out of 14 K.T. Weirs 11 Nos. of K.T. Weirs are completed so far and irrigation potential and its utilization to the tune of 757 ha against 8084 ha is achieved up to Dec 2016. Provision to the tune of 10.605 Mcum for domestic and 5.958 Mcum for industrial use is made. Other benefits of the project are fisheries and tourism
Salient Features of the Project
Sr. No. Particulars Details 1 Name of the Project NARDAVE MEDIUM IRRIGATION PROJECT, Tal- Kankavali, Dist - Sindhudurg 2 Scope of the scheme “Nardave” Medium Irrigation Project having instead of canals, series of K.T. weir are provided. Irrigable area of this project is 8084 Ha. 3 Sources River Gad 4 Location Topo sheet 47H/15, 16,11,12 Latitude 160-12’-00“(N)Longitude730-54’-0”(E) State Maharashtra Region Konkan District Sindhudurg Taluka Kankavali 5 Upstream utilization Nil 6 Yield &utilization of project a) Catchment area 47.70 sq.km. (18.53 sq miles ) b) Average rainfall 4450.10 mm. c) 75 % Dependable yield 126.60 Mcum. d) Utilization proposed 121.78Mcum. 7 Dam & Reservoir a) Gross capacity of storage 123.74 Mcum b) Live storage 119.16 Mcum c) Dead storage 4.58 Mcum 8 Relevant levels a) River Bed R.L. 127.17 M b) Outlet sill level 144.30 M c) M.D.D.L.R.L. 146.80 M d) Full Reservoir level R.L. 190.00 M e) M.W.L. 190.60 M f) Top of Dam R.L. 193.60 M
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 200
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Sr. No. Particulars Details g) Spillway crest R.L. 185 M 9 Submergence. a) Submergence 356.352 Ha. b) No. of villages under Jambhalgaon submergence Nardave. Yavteshvar. Bhairavgaon Durganagar c) No. of Houses under Village No. of Houses. Submergence Jambhalgaon 249 Nardave 327 Yavteshvar 56 Bhairavgaon 99 Durganagar 236 Total 967 d) No. of Souls affected 3849 10 Type of Dam a) Type Earthen Dam with Gated spillway b) Maximum height of dam 66.43 Mtrs above river bed c) Length of Dam. =1790 M (total=earthen dam Spillway) i) Earthen Dam. (R.D.-30 M to 1479.5 M & 1505 M ii) Masonry Dam to1740M) Total = 1749 M =(R.D 1479.5 M to1520.5 M) Total = 41.00 M d) Total quantity of earth work 136.11 lakh cum e) Total quantity of concrete 0.53 lakh cum works f) Total quantity of excavation Soft Strata 1.78 lakh cum Hard rock 0.20 lakh cum TOTAL 1.98 lakh cum 11 Waste weir a) Length of the waste weir 41.00 Mtr. (Including both side pier) b) Type Gated c) Flood depth 0.60 M. d) Free Board 3.00 M. e) Design flood discharge 1504 cumecs g) Spillway Gates 12 M x 5 M = 3 Nos. 12 Outlet (Power) a) Location RD 70 M b) Full supply discharge 7.66 cumecs
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 201
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
13. Canals – instead of canals series of K.T. weirs are provided
Sr. Name of Name of Chainage Length storage in No. Valley K.T. weir in M TM cum 1 Nardave 1100 M 52 0.028 2 Jambhavade 2850 M 64 0.034 3 Kupavade 5 970 M 112 0.054 4 Digavale 8510 M 91 0.202 5 Pangamwadi 11100 M 110 0.168 6 Dariste 12250 M 91 0.191 7 Gad River Sangave 15400 M 91 0.491 8 Vally Basin Shivdav 17430 M. 110 0.511 9 Chichalwadi 1 8 8 70 M. 85 0.191 10 Shekhwadi 21870 M. 115 0.473 11 harkul bru. 23370 M. 103 0.337 12 Halwal 25350 M. 118 0.472 13 Kankavali 27350.M 112 0.498 14 Ramgad 38850 M 125 0.546
14 Irrigable Area 8084 Ha a) Taluka benefited & village Taluka - Kankavali -30 villages. Benefited. Taluka - Kudal -08 villages Taluka - Malvan -10 villages Total -48 villages 15 Proposed crop pattern Crop % age 1. Perennial i) Coconut 15 ii) With Black Pepper ( Inter Crop) iii) Mango 30 45 2. Kharif i) Kh Paddy 46 ii) Vegetable 9 55 3. Rabbi (Follow on crops) i) Rabi paddy 7 ii) Rabbi Vegetable 15 iii) H W Pulses 13 iv) H W Ground nut 5 vii) Chillies Two 15 seasonal 55 Total 155 (b) Existing crop pattern i) Paddy 42 iii) Warai/Nagali 12 iii) Pulses 8 iv) Seams 1 iv) Fruits 2
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 202
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
v) Grass 3 vi) Culturable 32 Total 100 16 Cost of the Project 1) Rs. 44670.76 lakhs. ( Third Revised) ( As per D.S.R.05-06) Third Administrative approval vide Marathi Govt. Order No. Naradave 2007/140/(47/2007)- MPR Mantralay Bombay dated – 19’th JUL 2007 (2) Latest Revised Amount Rs. 1084.00 Crore ( (As per D.S.R. 2016-2017 ( Under Finalization) a) Cost of the Project ( 3243.78 lakhs Original ) (As per DSR 1986-1987) b) Cost of the Project (I st 10298.20 lakhs Revised) (As per DSR 1993-94) b) Cost of the Project (II nd 18990.67 lakhs Revised) (As per DSR 1997-1998) 17 Cost per unit of Rs 5.526 Lakh / Ha i) Irrigable area 18 Cost per unit of storage b) Gross storage/Mcum Rs. 361.005 Lakh/Mcum 19 Benefit cost ratio Irrigation 1.54 20 Percentage of submergence to 4.40 % irrigable area. 21 Percentage of annual 96.19 % utilization to 75 % Dependable yield The EIA EMP report has been prepared as granted Terms of Reference (ToR) vide Letter No. J-12011/7/2017-IA-I (R) dated 10th October 2017.
Description of the Environment
Study Area
Study area includes Dam Site, Catchment Area, Submergence Area, Command Area and area within 10 km radius from dam Site
Topo sheet 47H/15, 16,11,12 Location Latitude160-12’-00“(N) Longitude730-54’-0”(E)
Study Period: October 2017 to May 2018
Meteorology
The Meteorological data of IMD Vengurla for the period of 1987 to 2008 is discussed below
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 203
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Temperature: The average maximum temperature is 34.21C and average minimum temperature is 18.91C recorded in last 21 year
Relative Humidity: During Pre-monsoon period, the monthly mean relative humidity was observed to be in the range of 67% - 89% at 0830 hrs and at 1730 hrs it occurred in the range of 55% - 72%. During the monsoon season, relative humidity ranges between 82% - 94% at 0830 hrs and 76% - 92% at 1730 hrs. In the post-monsoon season, the range was observed to be in the range 68.3% - 91% at 0830 hrs and at 1730 hrs.
Rainfall: The average annual rainfall observed to be 2464 mm
Wind Speed: The average wind speed in the region is observed to be in the range of 6.6 to 17.9 kmph.
Seismology: Project area falls in Seismic Zone III. It suggests that the area is a moderately affected
Ambient Air Quality: The ambient air quality monitoring were carried out at 8 location from submergence and command area of the project. Air quality measured at various stations were within the permissible limit.
Ambient Noise Level: The noise levels were measured at 8 locations. Noise levels recorded at various stations were within the permissible limit
Water Quality Study: Water sampling locations were selected from submergence and command area of the project. The samples were collected from river, lake/dam, dug well as well as bore well.
Surface water samples from 5 Location & Ground water samples from 9 locations were collected in winter and summer season.
Most of the physico-chemical parameters are found well within prescribed limits of IS 10500:2012.
Soil Quality: Soil is the naturally occurring, unconsolidated or loose covering on the Earth's surface. Soil samples from 13 representative areas were taken in winter and summer season.
In the project area, majority of the soils were found to be silty clay in nature. Soils found in the project area are fertile with moderate NPK and micro nutrients.
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 204
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Ecology and Biodiversity: The vegetation survey of Nardave medium irrigation project area of Kankavli Taluka of Sindhudurga district reveals a total 147 plant species recorded during study period. Out of 147 species recorded 42 are herbaceous, 19 are shrubs, 17 are climbers, 7 are woody liana and 62 are tree species. In the study area dominating families are Papilionaceae 8 sp., Moraceae 8 sp., Euphorbiaceae 6 sp., Combretaceae & Asclepiadaceae 5 sp. each and Rubiaceae 4 sp. In study area a monotypic endemic genera with single species namely Erinocarpus nimmonii is recorded representing family Tiliaceae. Only gymnosperm Gnetum ula is also recorded from Yavateshwar village. Seventeen (17) species, which are endemic to Western Ghats are occurring in the study area.
The Radhanagari Wild Life Sanctuary situated 0.75 to 2 kms away from from the project site.
Land Use Land Cover Study
Area Statistics for the catchment, Submergence & Command Area
Catchment Submergence Command Class Area (ha) Area (ha) Area (ha) Water Body 36.35 13.7088 241.4592 Dense Forest 2099.87 78.6816 2790.086 Less Dense Forest 745.57 24.4224 4594.118 Settlement 97.34 54.3168 1466.266 Open Scrub 587.12 162.8928 3005.338 Barren Area 364.03 78.9696 3050.726 Agriculture 718.73 283.6224 5049.274 Vegetation Outside Forest 237.89 12.2688 3545.856 Plantation 71.60 0.1152 387.936 Total Area 4958.50 708.9984 24131.06 Socio Economic
The total 5 villages will be submerged. Total Households are 710. Village Naradave has the highest number of household & population while Yevteshwargaon village has the lowest number of population affected. The ratio of Male to Female is 49:51
SC and ST Population: Only Naradave village has the SC Population. SC population were not rcorded in submergence area. Aamong the total affected 5.69 % of SC population will be affected.
Literacy Status: Overall the ratio of literate & illiterate population is 70: 30. Among the literate, males have higher percentage in comparison to the females.
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 205
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Working and Non-Working Population: About 58.37 % population is working while 41.63 % of the population is in non-working class.
Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement: For construction of earthen dam and its allied works, total 631.162 Ha land is required for submergence, dam seat, tail channel, alternative roads & other allied works which incorporates 585.772 ha Private Land, 11.25 ha Govt. Land and 34.14 ha Identified Forest Land. Out of this total 631.162 ha land acquisition procedure for 566.657 ha is completed and it is in possession of Water Resources Department. For remaining 64.505 ha land, present status is as under.
For remaining 64.505 ha land present status is as under
Sr. Component Type Acquired Land Remaining No. in hector land in hector 1 Dam, Submergence, dam Private Land 566.657 19.115 seat, tail channel, alternative Govt. Land 00 11.25 roads & other allied works Identified Forest Land 00 34.14
Present Position of Rehabilitation
Sr. Details of Villages Affected Details of Rehabilitation Villages No. Affected Population No of Name of new Present position Village Families Gaothan Land of Creation of Gaothan civic amenities 1 Durganagar 881 236 Jambhavade Acquired 40 % completed 2 Nardave 1240 327 Digawale Acquired 90 % completed 3 Bhairavgaon 426 99 4 Yawateshwar 402 56 Sangve Acquired 90% completed 5 Jambhalgaon 3229 249 (Samhajinagar) Total 3849 967 Status of completion of civic amenities is tabulated below
Sr. Name of % age completion Total no. of PAFs/ No. Village of civic amenities PAPs Affected 1 Digawale 90 262 2 Jambhavade 40 260 3 Sangave (Sambhajinagar) 90 445 967
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 206
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Environmental Impacts of the Project
Features likely to be Construction Borrowing of Importing of Evacuation Compensation Soil conservation Reservoir & Irrigation affected Activity materials labour and landscaping KT Weir Filling Air Quality -1T -1T 0 0 0 +1P +2P 0 Noise Quality -1T -1T -1T 0 0 0 0 0 Water Resources -2T -1T -2T 0 0 +2P +2P +3P Water Quality -2T -1T -1T 0 0 +2P +2P +3P Landuse -1T -1T -1T -2T +1P +3P -1T +3P Soil -2T -1T -1T -1T 0 +3P +1P +3P Ecology -2T -1T 0 -1T +1P +3P +2P +3P Employment Status +2T +1T +3T -1T +3P +1P +2P +3P Public Health -1T 0 -1T 0 0 0 0 +2P Aesthetics -1T 0 -1T 0 0 +3P +3P +3P
Notes: Likely effect is symbolized as follows: T = Temporary effect; P = Permanent effect Low Medium High Beneficial +1 +2 +3 Detrimental -1 -2 -3
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 207
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Management during Dam & KT Weir Construction
The impacts during the construction stage of the proposed project on the environment are basically of transient in nature and are expected to reduce gradually on completion of the construction activities. The measures recommended to be undertaken for the proposed project during its construction phase are the following:
Recommendations:
Clearing of submergence area is required wherever possible. This activity involves removal of trees, shrubs, vines etc. which otherwise would disintegrate or decay, and perhaps float / drift to the shore and get accumulated at the bottom.
The shoreline subjected to erosion should be cleaned up to the extent to which the wave action is apprehended to affect.
Trees should be demarcated first and cutting should be done in phases to recover the economic value.
Trees and bushes should be cut right up to the bottom to avoid wood decay, which causes nuisance and deteriorates water quality.
During excavation and transportation over un-metalled roads near the project site, there is a scope for local dust emissions. Frequent water sprinkling in the vicinity of the construction activity should be done and it should be continued even after the completion of the dam construction, as there is a scope for vehicular movement.
Since there is likelihood of fugitive dust from the construction activity, material handling and from the truck movement in the vicinity of the project site, the authorities should go for tree plantation programme along the approach roads and the construction camps.
The construction site should be provided with sufficient and suitable toilet facilities for workers to allow proper standards of hygiene.
Collected waste from residential areas shall be transferred to community bin by hand- driven containerized carts or other small vehicle. Horticulture and construction / demolition wastes or debris shall be separately collected and disposed off.
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 208
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
The depths, charge, matrix of holes and delay may be optimized to minimize vibrations and noise caused by the blasting operations.
Though the noise effect on the nearest inhabitants due to construction activity will be negligible, it is advisable that on site workers using high noise equipment shall adopt noise protective devices like earmuff and earplugs. .
It should be ensured that both gasoline and diesel powered construction vehicles/machinery are properly maintained to minimize smoke in the exhaust emissions. The vehicle maintenance area should be located in such a manner as to prevent contamination of surface and ground water sources by accidental spillages of oil. For this the surface water drain will be provided for vehicle parking and fuel storage areas and this drain will be isolated from that of surface and ground water sources. Unauthorized dumping of waste oil should be prohibited.
As soon as construction is over the surplus earth and rubble should be utilized to fill up low-lying areas. The rubbish should be cleared and all un-built surface reinstated.
Reclamation of borrow areas is imperative, however, in present case due care has been taken to identify the borrow areas within the submergence zone.
To prevent unauthorized felling of trees for fuel wood in the nearby areas by construction workers, it should be ensured that the contractor provides alternative fuel (LPG / Kerosene) for cooking requirements.
The mitigation measures to be taken-up during the construction and operational phases are suggested below.
Surface Water Hydrology
As the downstream trends of the river flows can adversely affect the reservoir regulation plan, a monitoring programme should be set up to investigate the trends which really exist so as to modify the regulation plan accordingly; and
Definite criteria should be set up for the reservoir for minimum water release planning while taking downstream requirements into consideration.
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 209
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Water Quality
Care should be taken in clearing the vegetation from the submergence area to avoid eutrophication and release of obnoxious gases;
A regular monitoring programme of water quality in the reservoir and in the downstream river reaches should be undertaken to evaluate the actual alterations of water quality and their effects on fisheries resources and downstream water users; and
In addition to the above, ground water quality and water table fluctuations in the vicinity of the dam, should be monitored.
Ecology & Biodiversity
The judicious sequencing of construction, operation and appropriate location of labour camps, project colony etc.
Cutting of existing trees should be carried out under the supervision of Forest Department and records maintained. The Department should provide adequate security to ensure that no illegal felling of trees takes place.
The movement of vehicles should be strictly monitored and excessive blowing of horn and lighting in the night should be avoided. Such activities may cause disturbance to the local fauna.
Restriction of construction activity from dawn to dusk to avoid impact on wildlife during night.
A long-term Catchment Area Treatment Plan should be set up for the post impoundment period with following purpose:
Control of illegal agricultural activities in the remaining catchment area; Provision for proper land utilization practices in the catchment area to reduce the losses of top soil and flash floods, Afforestation of shifting cultivation areas by planting fast growing tree species & Taking view of existing watershed activities in the catchment. Strict law enforcement should be undertaken for conservation of wildlife; and
Conservation of species that are living or feeding along the shoreline of the reservoir and
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 210
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
conservation of certain areas as habitat of water birds.
Fishery Conservation and Management Plan
The river Gad Originates from Sahyadri Mountains ranges. This river Originates mainly with three Nallas and number of small Nallas. The River Gad flows towards west and meets Arabian Sea near villages Revandi in Malvan Taluka. The river flows only in rainy season and commercial fishery activity is carried out, hence this cannot serve as a perennial fish culturing spot. When adequate water is available in the nalla fish are exploited to a beneficial extent and varieties such as minor carps and several other species of lesser importance are reared.
Vegetation and Wildlife Management Plan
1. The project area is close to Radhanagari Wild Life Sanctuary and there are occurrences of schedule wild life. Hence, sign boards/ Notice Boards at the site like, NO HORN PLEASE, SILENCE ZONE etc. will be fixed
2. Awareness program among the, drivers, school children & local community about the ecology & biodiversity.
3. Care is required to be exercised during the excavation and transportation over un- metalled roads near the project site, so that there is a no scope for local dust emissions. Frequent water sprinkling in the vicinity of the construction activity should be done
4. During construction and operation phases, strict instructions to the contractors, labourers to avoid cutting of vegetation of any kind in the project area as well as in the catchment of the dam
5. Instruction to the contractors, labourers, and workers to avoid any kind of activities in the dam or its periphery which might disturb feeding, breeding and roosting of aquatic birds and wildlife if any.
6. As a corporate social responsibility, project authorities should undertake plantation of native species in the catchment that is in the immediate vicinity of the wetland
7. Control of Poaching; taxidermy and Illegal Trade in Wild Animal and Plant Species is strictly prohibited as per the various laws related to the Wildlife Protection. In cases any of such things are noticed, it is required to be brought to the notice of the forest officials.
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 211
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
8. The movement of the project vehicles should be strictly monitored and excessive blowing of horn, lighting in the night should be banned. Such activities may cause disturbance to the local fauna.
9. Adequate allocation for the financial resources required to be made to implement the wildlife management plan
Greenbelt should be developed in the following areas:
Plantation along the Full Reservoir Level;
Plantation at downstream of the dam and near KT weirs
Plantation along approach roads; rehabilitation village area and
Afforestation
Budgetary Allocation for Environment Management
Sr. No. Particulars Total (Rs.in Lakhs) 1 Rehabilitation and Resettlement Plan 7840.832 2 Green Belt Development / Afforestration 140.07229 3 Management of Physical and Environmental Resources 10 4 Catchment Area Treatment Plan 243.46 5 Fishery Management and Conservation Plan 10.00 6 Biodiversity and Wild Life Conservation Management Plan 15.00 7 Sanitation and Solid Waste Management Plan 05.00 8 Health Management Plan 68.58 9 Disaster Management Plan 25
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 212
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
CHAPTER 11. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT
11.1 Background of the Organization
MITCON Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., (MITCON) is a rapidly growing, an ISO 9001-2008 certified Consultancy Company, promoted by ICICI, IDBI, IFCI, and State Corporations of Maharashtra and Public Commercial Banks. It was founded in 1982; with Head Office at Pune and with supporting offices spread over entire country including Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Chennai, Chandigarh and Ahmadabad etc. With experience, expertise and track record developed over last almost three decades, MITCON provides diverse range of macro and micro consultancy services in the areas of
Environment Management and Engineering (EME). Energy Efficiency. Biomass and Co-gen power. Agricultural Business and Bio-technology. Infrastructure. Market Research. Banking Finance and Securitisation. Micro Enterprise Development. IT Training and Education
11.2 Environmental Management and Engineering Division (EME)
Environmental Management and Engineering Division (EME) is one of the key divisions of MITCON and provides expert consultancy services for varied matrix of services in the field of environmental management. Thus, EME division collaborates with an organization in their efforts of achieving sustainable business model. We Offer Following Services.
Consultancy Services
Environmental Impact Assessment & ESIA Environmental Audit / Status Report. Consent to Establish & Consent to Operate Water Supply and Sanitation Small Turnkey Projects Technical Appraisal GIS and Remote Sensing
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 213
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
Laboratory Services
Analytical Services Water Quality Soil Quality Wastes (Solid & Semisolid) Specialized Services Monitoring Services Operation&Maintenance Services Solid Waste Management Services
Project Management Consultancy (PMC) for MSW C&T, Landfill and MSW Processing. Municipal Solid Waste Characteristic Sampling and Analysis. Detail Project Report (DPR). Field Data Collection for DPR and as per requirement. MSW Tender Evaluation and Preparation (Transaction Advisory Services). Techno Economic Viability Report (TEV). Techno Economic Feasibility Report (TEFR). Corporate Debt Restructure (CDR). Lender Engineering. Municipal & Hazardous Waste Landfill Construction, Closure Design and Costing. Our Recognitions
Accredited EIA consultant of Quality Council of India-National Accreditation Board for Education and Training (NABET) National Accreditation Board for Testing & Calibration Laboratories, (NABL) New Delhi recognized laboratory Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, (MoEF&CC) recognized laboratory OHSAS 18001-2007 Certified laboratory
11.3 NABET Accreditation
MITCON Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd. is accredited from National Accreditation Board for Education and Training (NABET), Quality Council of India for the EIA consultancy services in 16 sectors.
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 214
Nardave Medium Irrigation Project Executive Engineer Final Village Nardave, Tal - Kankavali, Dist – Sindhudurg Maharashtra Minor Irrigation Division, EIA EMP
Oras - Sindhudurganagari Report EME/CS/MID /2018-19/102 R00 Date 01/05/2018: R01 Date 01/10/2018
11.4 Key personnel’s engaged in preparation of EIA report
Dr. Sandeep Jadhav is an EIA coordinator for this proposed project. Other Functional Area Expertise (FAE) and Team Members (TM) undertaking this project with their specific roles and responsibility as given below
Table No.11.1. Experts engaged in the preparation of EIA EMP report
Sr. No. Name of expertise EIA Coordinator/ Functional Area 1. Dr. Sandeep Jadhav EIA Coordinator and FAE – EB and SC 2. Mr. Shrikant Kakade EB, Assistance in WP, NV 3. Mr. Sunil Natu NV 4. Mr. Sanjay Shevkar WP, AP 5. Mr. Ganesh Khamgal SE 6. Mr. Anant Gadre LU 7. Mr. Hemangi Nalawade SHW, AQ 8. Mr. Nikhil Chavan NV, AQ 9. Mr. Anikte Taware RH 10. Prof. Nitin Karmalkar GEO, HG
Mitcon Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 215