OCTOBER 17, 1975 25 CENTS VOLUME 39/NUMBER 38

A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY/PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE

-PAGES 6-9

FBI

NEW SECRET FILES SHOW COINTELPRO PLOTS NOT HALTED. PAGE 5.

EXECUTIONS SPARK MASS PROTESTS IN SPAIN AND ABROAD. PAGE 19.

SWP 'IF THAT'S SOCIALISM, I'LL VOTE FOR IT.' PAGE 3. Portuguese workers and soldiers demonstrate. New government is trying to repress dissidents in armed forces. Pages 4, 10, 20.

ORGANIZERS HIT BY MASS ARRESTS. PAGE 12. BLANCO MEETINGS DEMAND: 'LET HIM SPEAK!' PAGE 15.

CAREY RIPS UP N.Y. CONTRACT. PAGE 16. THIS WEEK'S In Brief MILITANT FBI REFUSES FILES TO S. AFRICA GROUP: When Seckel, a United Farm Workers boycott organizer, reported 3 Camejo, Reid open the Southern African Committee, headquartered in New on the recent UFW convention and described a local national tours York City, requested that the FBI turn over any files campaign to force Fisher-Fazio, a large grocery chain in the 4 Portuguese junta demands maintained on the committee, FBI Director Clarence Kelley Cleveland area, to stop selling scab grapes. 'discipline' refused, claiming it would "interfere with [law] enforcement Baldemar Velasquez, a leader of the Farm Labor proceedings." The committee publishes Southern A/rica, a Organizing Committee, explained the origins and curr<'nt 5 Documents prove FBI's monthly magazine devoted to analyzing political and campaigns of FLOC, which began organizing farm laborers 'Cointelpro' not halted economic events in Angola, Mozambique, Rhodesia, Namib­ in northwestern Ohio and Michigan in 1967. 6 What role for whites in ia, and South Africa. antiracist struggle? "We believe this investigation by the FBI is illegal," says IVAN GETS AROUND: The September 20 Milwaukee committee spokesperson Gail Morlan. "It constitutes yet one Courier, a Black paper, ran the Ivan cartoon first published 7 Buses roll again more sorry chapter in the history of FBI harassment of in the September 12 Militant. Depicting two thugs from the in Boston organizations who have a constitutional right to dissent racist group ROAR about to blow up a school bus filled with from government policy." The FBI refusal has been Black children, the cartoon's caption reads, "This'll give 'em 8 NSCAR chapters hold appealed under the Freedom of Information Act. Should the a KKKwality education." rallies, teach-ins appeal be rejected, the committee is considering legal action 9 Chicago SWP sues against the FBI. Daley, Hanrahan PUBLIC WANTS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION: L.A. PICKETS PROTEST REPRESSION IN SPAIN: 12 UFW hit by mass arrests The pollution profiteers have been laying down a heavy Protesting the recent wave of repression in Spain, thirty-five barrage of propaganda claiming that environmental protec­ 13 San Quentin 6 frame-up people picketed the Iberia Airlines office in downtown Los tion is "too expensive." But a recent survey by the Opinion Angeles October 2. The action was called by the U.S. Research Corporation shows most Americans still demand 14 Miners under attack: Committee for Justice tQ Latin American Political Prisoners cleaner air and water. Sixty percent of those polled favor test for UMW and cosponsored by other groups, including the Los Angeles paying the alleged "costs" of a clean environment, while Group for Latin American Solidarity, La Raza Unida party, 15 Protest Kissinger ban only 21 percent call for keeping prices and taxes down "at the Pasadena Community Information Center, Local 535 of of Hugo Blanco the risk of increasing pollution." By a margin of 48 percent the Social Services Union, Socialist Workers party, and to 38 percent, people would rather have pollution-control 16 Carey rips up NYC members of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade. devices on cars than pay less for cars without them. And teachers' contract there are more people who favor tougher strip-mining NEWARK SOCIALISTS OPEN CAMPAIGN OF­ regulations than who want to hold down the price of coal at 17 Atlanta AFSCME, teachers FICES: The Newark Socialist Workers party officially map united struggle the expense of the environment. opens its campaign headquarters Saturday, October 18, These results are all the more significant because of the 18 Rights violations bared with a rally featuring SWP vice-presidential candidate loaded "choices" presented to those questioned. The poll­ in Dominican Republic Willie Mae Reid. The fete begins at 8:00 p.m. at llA Central sters apparently didn't ask how many people would favor Avenue, near Broad Street, in downtown Newark. taxing corporate profits to pay for pollution controls, or 24 California SWP launches Also speaking will be Syd Stapleton, national secretary of nationalizing companies that dirty our environment and campaign for senator the Political Rights Defense Fund. putting them under workers' control. Recently released FBI documents show that political 28 Hurricane Carter's long harassment of Newark socialists has been carried out in the fight for justice past. The PRDF and SWP plan to serve notice on the FBI that if such harassment is continued against the new SWP COURT HEARING FOR RAY MENDOZA: Arguments 2 In Brief branch, it will be met with a vigorous campaign to expose were heard in Milwaukee circuit court September 30 for a 10 In Our Opinion and halt such illegal activity. new trial for Ray Mendoza, a young Chicano convicted last Letters For more information on the October 18 rally, call (201) fall of killing two drunken, off-duty cops. During the 624-7434. hearing, defense attorney James ·shellows was denied 11 La Lucha Puertorriquefla permission to use a blackboard to demonstrate how a By Any Means Necessary MILWAUKEE UFW BENEFIT: The new California farm polygraph test used as incriminating evidence in the trial labor law, Rev. Gene Boutilier told a Milwaukee rally had been incorrectly analysed. WORLD OUTLOOK September 28, "recognizes the power of the striking farm Attorney Steve Glynn argued that the imposition of a 19 Protests hit Franco's workers in California and the power of the grape and lettuce change of venue had resulted in Mendoza being tried in a executions boycott ... all across the country. It is a result of that rural, all-white community, thus denying him his constitu­ struggle, and only by continuing that fight will the law be tional right to a jury of his peers. A decision on the request 20 CIA takes aim at enforced." Boutilier is chairperson of the Wisconsin Migrant for a new trial is expected by November 3. Portugal Mission and recently returned from a visit to California. 22 World News Notes The benefit concert and rally for the United Farm Workers CODEL FILES BRIEF WITH SUPREME COURT: The was attemled by 150 people. Committee for Democratic Election Laws has filed a "friend Marc Pitt, coordinator of the Chicago UFW boycott of the court" brief in support of the challenge to the federal support committee, also spoke, and stressed the continued election law now before the U.S. Supreme Court. The THE MILITANT importance of the boycott "until the ink is dry on the challenge was brought by a coalition of groups and contract." He urged support for the campaign against Jewel individuals, including presidential candidate Eugene VOLUME 39/NUMBER 38 Foods, a large midwest buyer of scab produce. A demonstra­ McCarthy, Sen. James Buckley, and the New York Civil OCTOBER 17, 1975 tion is planned in Chicago for November 8. Liberties Union. CLOSING NEWS DATE-OCT. 8 The Supreme Court agreed October 6 to a full review of Editor: MARY-ALICE WATERS CLEVELAND FORUM ON FARM LABOR DRIVES: the law. In August the U.S. Court of Appeals had upheld its Managing Editor: LARRY SEIGLE The Cleveland Militant Forum sponsored a discussion constitutionality, dismissing any violation of First Amend­ Business Manager: ROSE OGDEN September 26 on the drive to organize farm workers. Rich ment rights as "incidental." -Nancy Cole Southwest Bureau: HARRY RING Washington Bureau: CINDY JAQUITH

Published weekly by The Militant Publishing Ass'n., 14 Charles Lane. New York, N.Y. 10014. Telephone: Editorial Office (212) 243-6392; Busi­ ness Office (212) 929-3486. Southwest Bureau: 710 Special offer for new readers S. Westlake Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. 90057. School desegregation. Cutbacks. Affirmative action. Telephone: (213) 483-2798. Washington Bureau: 1345 E. St. N.W., Fourth Floor, Washington, D.C. Racist frame-ups. Police brutality. On every front of the 20004.· Telephone: (202) 638-4081. antiracist struggle, the Militant gets out the truth, with on­ Correspondence concerning subscriptions or the-spot coverage written by activists. You'll also find changes of address should be addressed to The valuable news analysis in the Militant, and discussion of Militant Business Office, 14 Charles Lane, New program and strategy in the fight against racism. Don't York, N.Y. 10014. Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. miss a single issue. Subscribe today. Subscriptions: domestic, $7.50 a yeq.l'; foreign, $11.00. By first~class mail: domestic, Canada, and Mexico, $32; all other countries, $53. By airmail: domestic, Canada, and Mexico, $42. By air printed matter: Central America and Caribbean, $40; The Militant-2 months/$1 Mediterranean Africa, Europe, and South America, $52; USSR, Asia, Pacific, and Africa. $62. Write for ( ) $1 for two months ( ) New foreign sealed air postage rates. ( ) $7.50 for one year ( ) Renewal For subscriptions airmailed from New York and then posted from London directly to Britain, Name ______Ireland, and Continental Europe: £1.50 for eight issues, £3.50 for six months, £6.50 for one year. Address ______Send banker's draft or international postal order (payable to Pathfinder Press) to Pathfinder Press, City State Zip _____ 47 The Cut, London. SE1 8LL, England. Inquire for air rates .from London at the same address. 14 Charles Lane, New York, New York 10014 Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily represent the Militant's views. These are expressed in editorials.

2 SP-'!ak out for Black rights Camejo, Reid open national tours

MilitanVDavid Salner MilitanVDebby Woodroofe Socialist presidential candidate Peter Camejo talks with St. Louis steelworkers, while running mate Willie Mae Reid addresses Minneapolis news conference.

crowded into a meeting hall at St. , are trying to ride into public office on a of the Hennepin County (Minnesota) Stephens church on the near South conviction for Johnson. For example, Women's Political Caucus, accompan­ St. Louis: Side October 3, for a rally featuring John Danforth, the Ralston-Purina ied an invitation urging caucus mem­ Camejo and local candidates of the heir, sp'earheaded th.e frame-up as state bers to attend a reception for Reid Missouri Socialist Workers party. attorney general. Now he's running for while she was in the Twin Cities last ~If that's The Missouri campaign committee U.S. Senate on his record as the man week. (The HCWPC has endorsed two had announced its statewide slate who put J.B. Johnson behind bars.. local SWP candidates-Mary Hillery earlier that week. They are Barbara "But J.B. is not going back into for mayor of Minneapolis, and Holly socialism, Bowman for U.S. Senate; Helen Savio, prison," Watkins told Camejo with Harkness for school board.) governor; Ed Warren, U.S. Congress, certainty. More than sixty women, many of 1st C.D.; Jim Levitt, 2nd C.D.; Eliza­ "They found out they couldn't rail­ them Black, turned out to meet Reid I'll vote beth Jayko, 3rd C.D.; and Paul road Angela Davis or Joanne Little," and to learn more about her campaign Schmidtlem, 5th C.D. Camejo said. "We can show them it platform. At a party after the rally, several will be politically impossible for them As Reid entered the reception, a for it' activists in the J.B. Johnson defense to lock up J.B. too." student at the University of Minnesota By David Salner committee talked about the case of this rushed over to tell Reid that she saw' ST. LOUIS-As workers left the young Black frame-up victim. her campaign posters on the walls of a Scullin Steel plant here for their 3:00 They all pointed to the wide support local feminist collective. The collective p.m. shift change October 2, they were that exists for Johnson ·in the Black members reportedly said: "We saw a somewhat surprised to be greeted by a community. "The people I represent all Minneapolis: photograph of this strong-looking CBS-TV news crew. support J.B.," said Eddie Mae Binion,, woman running for office, so we put it Peter Camejo, Socialist Workers chairperson of the South Side Welfare up." party presidential candidate, had Rights Organization. ~Reid is · The women at the reception were brought his campaign to this sprawl­ During his tour, Camejo campaigned similarly excited about Reid's cam­ ing, dilapidated steel foundry on the for support for J.B. Johnson. And he paign. Marie Warren, a member of the first day of his four-day swing through talked about the latest developments in fighting for HCWPC, told me, "I like to see Black St. Louis. The camera crew, several the case with Mary Watkins, John­ women moving ahead. And I can other media photographers, and a son's mother and a central figure in relate to her as a person." Citing reporter. from the St. Louis Post­ the National Committee to Free J.B. agreement with Reid's positions in Dispatch were on hand to gauge the Johnson. same things favor of school desegregation and an · response of this predominantly Black Johnson was recently released on end to discrimination in housing, work force to the socialist campaign. $25,000 bail pending a new trial. He Warren added, "She's struggling for "He's telling the truth. I mean all spent more than three years in jail on lam' the same things I am." this stuff is going on now. Racism and the charge of being an accomplice to By Debby Woodroofe Although the caucus has not yet unemployment-he's fighting all of the shooting of a cop in 1970. MINNEAPOUS-"After looking discussed its stance toward the 1976 this, and I hope he makes it." This is Watkins outlined the campaign to over the crop of presidential candi­ elections, several members indicated how one Black steelworker put it for get national support for a suit sched­ dates, one woman was heard to re­ they plan to vote for Reid. the viewers of KMOX-TV's six o'clock uled to be heard in federal court here mark, 'Wouldn't it be satisfying to see Caucus member Enid Griffin, who is CBS news. October 16. The suit, which will be just one woman among them?' If you a registered Republican, said she The camera then panned to another presented by civil liberties attorney have been thinking the same thing, would like to see Betty Ford run for Black steelworker who said, "If that's William Kunstler, seeks to win John­ you will want to meet Willie Mae Reid, office in 1976. But she said she would socialism, I'll vote for it." son's freedom with an injunction Black feminist and vice-presidential also consider voting for Reid. The media coverage Camejo received against a new trial. It also asks for $1 candidate of the Socialist Workers "It's very important to have candi­ during the first two days in St. Louis million in damages. Party." dates like her, so people are aware had an impact on the rest of the tour. Some Democrats and Republicans This note, signed by the chairperson there are alternatives to the Democrats "I caught you on the news last and Republicans," Griffin said. "We night," a middle-aged white auto need people to keep the system upset­ worker told Camejo. He agreed that to ask, why so many billions for war working people needed their own party and not for jobs?" independent of the Democrats and Join the. socialist campaign! While in the Twin Cities, Reid also addressed two stude:1t audiences. Republicans and said he would study ( ) I want to come to a campaign Clip and mail to: Socialist Workers Forty-five attended a meeting at the the proposals contained in "A Bill of meeting to help plan activities. 1976 National Campaign Commit­ University of Minnesota, and another Rights for Working People," the social­ ( ) Send me a free copy of the cam­ tee, 14 Charles Lane, New York, forty-two attended a meeting at Carle­ ist campaign platform. paign platform, "A Bill of Rights for New York 10014. ton . College, set up by the Black On Thursday, October 2, Camejo Working People" ( ) in English, ( ) Students Union. spoke to an outdoor rally of 150 at the in Spanish. Name'------In her talks, Reid blasted the racist University of Missouri in St. Louis. ( ) I want to join, the Socialist violence in Boston and Louisville, Forty UMSL students stayed after­ Workers party. Address ------Kentucky, and announced that she will ward to find out more about the ( ) Enclosed is my contribution of be traveling to Boston October 10-12 to socialist campaign. $ ___ City------Camejo's campaign committee attend the Second· National Student scored a victory when police protection State ______Zip ____ Conference Against Racism. She urged was provided for Camejo during his Chairpersons: Fred Halstead, Ed Heis­ students to join her there. ler, Linda Jenness, Andrew Pulley­ "The racists have to be challenged tour. The committee had repeatedly Occupati~n ------requested this protection from Mayor Treasurer: Andrea Morell. wherever they exist," Reid told her John Poelker after a series of threats ·A copy of our report is filed with the audiences. "We must build a counter­ Federal Election Commission and is Business.· address ----~--~--- by Nazis, who regularly picket the force to their violence and beat back available for purchase 'from the Federal their resistance to the desegregation campaignoffices. El~ction Commission, Washington, D.C. School/union local ______, l\1ore-tll.an 130c~mpaign.~l!I>Porters order." Continued on page· 26

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 17, 1975 3 Social Democrats hail new gov't ~ortuguese junta demands 'discipline' By David Frankel : · tus, which it used in behalf of the · Authority, discipline, and order; military regime. With the help of the under these watchwords the govern­ MFA it gained domination of the ment of . Premier Jose Pinheiro de trade-union federation and most of the Azevedo is stepping up its attempts to positions in the country's mass media. curb the deepgoing radicalization in However, the CP's leading role in the Portugal. government's antistrike campaign and "Admiral Azevedo's top priority is its attacks on the democratic rights of clearly the reimposition of discipline its opponents produced widespread throughout the military and the set­ resentment. The attacks on the SP ting out of clear lines of authority, finally forced the SP into opposition. especially in the volatile Lisbon area " In June and July the SP led massive noted an approving editorial in the street demonstrations in defense of its October 5 New York Times. democratic rights. The latest events broke on Septem­ The CP's bureaucratic and antide­ ber 29, when Azevedo declared a "de mocratic policies played into the hands facto state of emergency" throughout of right-wing forces, who mounted a Portugal. Military units were put on wave of attacks against CP headquar­ alert, leaves were canceled, and bases ters in the northern two-thirds of the were isolated from the public. At the country. It became too discredited to be same time, troops were ordered to used as the sole mass organizer and occupy the radio and television sta­ propagandist for the MFA. tions in the Lisbon area. The justification given for this ac­ tion was that the media had been CP zigs and zags obstructing the stabilization of the · Since the defeat early in September country. According to a September 30 of the wing of the MFA identified with PREMIER AZEVEDO: Denounces SP's SOARES: Hailed 'government of dispatch in the New York Times, the CP, the Social Democrats have 'seditious attitudes.' hope' as troops occupied radio and Azevedo denounced "provocative been in the ascendancy as the chief a television stations. campaign of seditious attitudes that flag bearers for the military junta. The endanger the revolution." . hers had voted to reject the transfer of Stalinists, although relegated to a two leftist officers and five enlisted distinctly subordinate position, still mass i!lformation media on the part of Call for 'discipline' men. The northern regional comman­ remain in the new cabinet. the authorities is the necessary condi­ This crude attack on freedom of the der, Brig. Ant6nio Pires Veloso, then The CP's strategy has been to tion for carrying out the policy gen­ press was wholeheartedly supported by ordered the regiment disbanded. About straddle the fence, maintaining its uinely aimed at fighting reaction and the Portuguese Socialist party. SP thirty soldiers were expelled from the links with the government while using in defense of the Portuguese revolu­ leader Mario Soares led a demonstra• barracks, and 700 of the unit's wea­ militant rhetoric and the pressure of tion." tion in Lisbon September 30 in order to pons were confiscated and distributed demonstrations in the streets to push Foley also justified the occupation of back what he hailed a~ "a government to what the New York Times described for a greater role. However, the govern­ the media centers by referring to the of the left and a government of hope." as "reliable forces." ment's campaign for order and disci­ burning of the Spanish embassy in Azevedo set the theme of the action, pline has made this tactic increasingly Lisbon by demonstrators protesting calling out "Discipline, discipline." Regime's long-term aim dangerous, and there are signs that the the judicial murder of five political Stalinists are once again moving "It is necessary to reestablish disci­ The long term aim of the military prisoners. toward a position of complete support pline to overcome the anarchy which regime was spelled out by the govern­ "The attack on the Spanish Embas­ to the military regime. this country has lived through," he ment's labor minister, Capt. Tomas sy,'' according to Foley, "had the Although the occupation of the radio told the crowd, estimated at 20,000 to Rosa, in an interview with Flora Lewis gravest consequences for Portugal and and television stations was clearly the 30,000. in the October 6 New York Times. "A posed a threat to the revolution: first step in reducing the role of the The immediate target of the call for major problem, Captaig. Rosa said, is Spain's diplomatic personnel were Stalinists and their sympathizers in discipline was the radicalized soldiers the belief of many workers that 'the recalled, a step short of actually this area, the CP's response was who had disobeyed the government's revolution means higher wages and severing relations with P-ortugal." muted. A CP statement criticized orders to keep its critics off the air. shorter hours."' As the Stalinists see it, Portugal Azevedo for not consulting it before the After two days Azevedo ordered the "'The people will have to understand must remain in the good graces of the occupying troops withdrawn, turning that there must be sacrifices, that there take-over of the stations. Franco dictatorship because "more New York Times reporter Flora his attention to the restoration of must be austerity so as to rebuild for than 80 percent of Portugal's foreign Lewis noted that "it gave only vague discipline in the armed forces. the future,' Captain Rosa said. 'But trade goes overland through support to the protesters, and the Indeed, there is some evidence that those are unpopular moves, and they Spain. . . . If Spain actually had statement was printed on inside pages the occupation of the radio and televi­ can't be taken without political stabili­ severed relations with Portugal it by pro-Communist newspapers. sion stations was carried out with the ty."' would have cut off Portugal from all "It was also clear," she continued, intent of provoking a showdown that In attempting to stabilize its rule, the direct land contact with the rest of "that the Communists had not directly could be used as a justification for a military junta is depending on the Europe and would have been a crush­ participated ip yesterday's effort by crackdown in the military. "Every collaboration of both the SP and the ing blow to the Portuguese economy." the far left to organize action against serious political and military figure Portuguese Communist party. Between According to this logic Cuba, 80 the Go\rernment and this apparently here agrees that restoring order in them, these two reformist workers percent of whose trade was with the was an important reason for the everyday life and discipline in the parties command the allegiance of the United States, should have never military is the first and biggest prob­ majority of the Portuguese people. It scantiness of the crowds that took part." embarked on a socialist revolution. lem to be solved," Washington Post has been their support over the last Although the class-collaborationist reporter Bernard Nossiter cabled from year-and-a-half that has enabled the It could have hardly been accidental that the regime's move was timed to policies of its Stalinist and Social Lisbon September 26. Movimento das Forcas Armadas Democratic leaders have led the Portu­ On that day the Portuguese military (MFA-Armed Forces Movement) to coincide with President Francisco da Costa Gomes's visit to Moscow. On his guese working class into a dead end, announced the creation of a new maintain the governmental power in the combativity and radicalism of the "Military Intervention Force" that was its hands and preserve capitalism in return Costa Gomes said, "I met veterans of socialist revolutions there workers remains high. This is reflected first used against dissidents in the Portugal. in the rhetoric of the military chiefs, armed forces on October 4. The occa­ At first the Stalinist CP gained the who consider it indispensable that we perfect a political platform in which who continue to talk about revolution sion came when 120 men of the new inside track in the competition to and socialism while preparing the unit took over a regimental barracks in determine which party could best serve the progressive parties are in agree­ ment." reaction. . Oporto. the capitalist government. It was able For example, Azevedo, while press­ A day earlier the regiment's mem- to build a powerful centralized appara- Costa Gomes, who was also in Poland, "commented with admiration ing for acceptance of stronger govern­ on the 'discipline and order' among the ment authority in September, argued military in those countries of 'veteran that this was needed to fight "coun­ revolutionaries.'" terrevolutionary forces that seek, through violence and terrorism, a The real direction of Moscow's policy return to fascism." was reflected most immediately and Washington too has recognized the most crudely in the American CP's continuing danger posed by the Portu­ Daily World. An article by Tom Foley guese revolution. Recent disclosures in its October 1 issue said: have revealed some of the activities of "On Sunday Alvaro Cunhal, general the CIA in that country (see article on secretary of the Portuguese Commu­ page 20). nist Party, urged the tight consolida­ Furthermore, Wa~hington's refusal tion of 'authority and discipline' in the to criticize the Franco dictatorship for government and in the armed forces to its brutal execution of five revolutiona­ d11al with the present political situa­ ries September 27 was doubtless moti­ tion." vated as much by events in Portugal According to Foley, the Portuguese as by concern over U.S. bases in Spain. CP endorsed the right of the govern­ The Franco regime is viewed by U.S. ment to control the media. It insisted imperialism as one of its main· bul- Demonstration against government take-over of media. CP abstained. that "the correct orientation of the Contlnued on page ~

4 program. The PRDF has maintained that the operations continued. Only the name of the program was changed. To back up the charge, PRDF amassed a record of scores of incidents resembling Cointelpro-style harassment against the Socialist Workers party and the In August 1961, the FBI noticed that Young Socialist Alliance. the SWP was planning a West Coast Now, the FBI has publicly admitted gathering at Big Bear Lake, Califor­ that at least thirty of these instances nia. It appears· that the editors of the of harassment, occurring after the Grizzly, an ultraright rag, were- also alleged April 1971 cutoff date, were aware of this and were planning their indeed the work of its agents. own "anticommunist" conference for The FBI turned the files over to the "Cointelpro files? Oh no, that program the same time and place. PRDF under a court order stemming The Grizzly's editors seemed to be ill­ from a suit by the SWP and the YSA ended in 1971 . ..." informed about the politics of the SWP, against political harassment and sur­ the FBI observed. To remedy the veillance by government agencies. The situation, agents anonymously mailed PRDF is sponsoring the suit. The bulk of the files just released • The FBI got a Cleveland school­ them a batch of publications, including Sometime after the Cointelpro scan­ involve earlier FBI operations carried teacher fired because her husband an SWP discussion bulletin and copies dal became public, the Justice Depart­ out under the division of Cointelpro · signed a letter soliciting support for . of the Militant. ment conducted a special investigation aimed at the Communist party. This the SWP's 1964 presidential slate. "This counterintelligence move is an into this aspect of FBI work. The result first Cointelpro was initiated in 1956. • The FBI worked hand in glove excellent opportunity to cause disrup~ was the "Peterson Report." This study The program directed specifically at with vicious ultrarightists to harass tion against the SWP and promote described one form of Cointelpro ha­ the SWP was begun in 1961. both the SWP and the CP. anticommunist feeling in the. Los rassment against targeted groups Some of these anti-SWP plots were Angeles area," the FBI wrote. called "Interviewing or Contacting carried out under the anti-CP Cointel­ Detroit episode These latest examples of FBI treach­ Members." The purpose was to let pro heading because they involved According to the FBI files, in Detroit ery reinforce the already voluminous "members . know that the FBI was disruption of both the CP and the in the fall of 1965 the Wayne State evidence of illegal Cointelpro plotting aware of their activity." SWP. In other instances, the SWP University campus newspaper reported uncovered through the socialist suit. An internal FBI newsletter that seems to have been· placed under this that after a heated dispute, the Young Added to this are new revelations of surfaced in 1971 says that these heading merely because FBI agents Democrats (YD) at the school voted to FBI dirty work, such as burglaries, "interviews" will "enhance the paran­ considered the SWP and YSA to be "a endorse a Black liberal Democrat coming out in current congressional oia endemic in these circles and will form of communist organizations." running for Detroit Common Council. investigations. further serve to get the point· across This suggests that similar operations The YD's vice-chairman, according The SWP suit calls for an immedi­ there is an FBI Agent behind every may have been aimed at a variety of to the paper, thought that most of ate halt to all Cointelpro-type harass­ mailbox." groups thought to be "communist" by those' who voted to endorse the candi­ ment and illegal surveillance. It de­ PRDF National Secretary Syd Stap­ the FBI. date were not active members of the serves the full backing of all leton thinks the episodes admitted by Significantly, the chief victim of one YD. He also "suggested that one or two supporters of democratic rights. the FBI that occurred after April 1971 plot executed in Detroit in 1965 was the might bEl members of the Young are clearly identical to Cointelpro Democratic Party. Socialist Alliance." harassment as described by the Peter­ YSA member Jan Garrett told the son Report. "These FBI activities have paper that this notion was "completely Help PRDF nothing to do with 'investigations' or New revelations ridiculous" because the YSA would 'internal security,'" he said. "It's a "Most of what is now known It was also revealed in this set of never favor backing a candidate run­ about the 15-year program has been systematic attempt at intimidation. documents that: ning in the capitalist Democratic made public as a result of the And it's illegal political harassment no • The FBI tried to get an SWP party. [Socialist Workers] party suit, the matter what the FBI calls it." candidate thrown off the ballot in San About the same time, the YD chapter only such action filed thus far by a Francisco in 1961 and attempted to voted for a rather mild antiwar resolu­ group that was a Cointelpro target." The PRDF released thirty separate blame this on a CP member running tion. This heightened the FBI's con­ That was what the New York post-April 1971 examples of incidents for the same office. cern. Times had to say in a front-page where the FBI contacted people on the • The FBI conspired at American Then the group voted to back cam­ story after the release of these lat­ pretext of gathering information about University in Washington, D.C., in pus recognition for the W.E.B. DuBois est files on October 6. Help the work . the individual or about the SWP or 1966 to block the YSA from getting Club. A predecessor of the Young of the Political Rights Defense YSA. official recognition as a campus group. Workers Liberation League, the Du­ Fund, the civil liberties group ,that Bois Club was the youth group at that finances and publicizes the suit filed time associated with the CP. The YSA by the Socialist Workers party and 'Jury duty· and 'lotteries· had earlier come out strongly against the Young Socialist Alliance an administration move to keep the against government surveillance Material in the recently released was interviewed in a "Bureau au­ group off campus. . and harassment. FBI files gives a revealing picture of tomobile outside his place of The FBI sent a letter bearing a how the agency operates to harass employment''-a transparent at­ "fictitious name and a non-existent or obtain information about social­ tempt to get him fired. address" to a number of official Demo­ Clip------and mail to PRDF, Box 649 ists. David Salner was contacted by cratic party organizations, including Cooper Station, New York, New In four instances the FBI agents the FBI on the pretext of "a NY the state central committee. It warned York 10003. did not identify themselves but used lottery inquiry." He refused to give that the Wayne State YD had been the guise of a "jury-duty pretext" more than his name, the files note. taken over by the YSA-a "subversive ( ) Enclosed is a contribution of telephone call. On another occasion "They told me I might have won a organization." The only effect of this $_. the agent pretended to be from the lottery, but they needed to verify my utterly false charge could have been a New York State lottery. address," Salner told the Militant. disruption of the Democratic party. ( ) Please send more: information. When the agents identified them­ "At first I thought, 'Great. I never Name ______selves, in the great majority of cases won anything in my life.' Then I socialists refused to be interviewed. realized I'd never bought a lottery Ballot conspiracy Address ------­ That's the best policy, according to ticket, either. So I figured it was the Another FBI conspiracy unfolded in City ------'------civil liberties groups. Other~ offered FBI." San Francisco in 1961. Members of limited information. "It's obviously just a crude form both the SWP and the CP were State ______Zip. ___ A Bloomington, Indiana, YSAer of harassment," Salner added. running for the same office in city School/Organization ______elections.

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 17, 1975 5 t role for whites in antiracist struggle? MilitanVMiguel Pendas Los Angeles, May 17. Blacks and whites march in support of school desegregation.

By Tony Thomas ence that was to found NSCAR. rights now in a struggle to implement were not isolated, and put additional (Last of a series) From the beginning, NSCAR has busing. pressure on the government to imple­ BOSTON-The role of whites in the been a coalition whose purpose is to This was what the May 17 demon­ ment desegregation. National Student Coalition Against organize people in concrete actions-to stration for desegregation in Boston The fact that whites were won to Racism (NSCAR) has been a con­ help mobilize the Black community was all about. There, thousands of take action around the busing struggle troversial question that will likely against the racists, which is necessary whites marched with Blacks in support helped clarify the issue. The issue is come up for discussion at the October to have any kind of effective action, of the concrete demands of protecting not Blacks against whites in the 10-12 antiracist conference here. and also to mobilize whites in support Black children and implementing bus­ abstract. The issue is between those At th~ founding conference of the of Black rights. ing. who believe Blacks have the democrat­ student coalition, held last February, a This demonstration showed that the ic right to an equal education and group that tried to disrupt the gather­ Isolate racists Black community and its supporters, protection against mob violence, and ing attempted to play upon the fact NSCAR recognized that the way to including the thousands of whites who those who are trying to push back that white people were members of beat back the bigots is for the antira­ marched, were already a powerful Black rights. NSCAR. It soon became clear, how­ cist movement to show that it is force. This kind of mobilization prepares ever, that this group was opposed to capable of moving masses. It is fight­ It encouraged groups in the Black the ground for splitting and even fighting for desegregation and was ing to show that racists are not the community to feel that they could take winning over some of the current using this issue only as a ploy to try to only mass force organized around the action around this issue. It also encou­ supporters of the antibusing groups. stop the conference from mobilizing busing issue and to isolate and politi­ raged whites who had been intimidated support behind the May 17 probusing cally defeat them. That means that by the racists to speak out for busing demonstration called by the NAACP. whites have to be won to support Black and against the bigots. Black interests However, some Black activists rights and counter the racists. The action even forced splits and One activist at a recent NSCAR committed to the fight have questioned To whip the racists in Boston and divisions among the racists over Steering Committee meeting pointed whether NSCAR should include elsewhere, Black people have to be whether their attempts to out mobilize out that Black students on his campus whites. They claim that this may mobilized in defense of their own and terrorize the Black community wanted to know if they could trust the stand in the way of the right of Blacks demands. They have to develop confi­ were correct. whites in NSCAR. to control their oWil movement. They dence in their power to struggle for After centuries of oppression, Blacks wonder whether whites can be trusted their own rights and in their ability to are not at all unjustified in wanting to in an antiracist organization. chart their own struggle. Racists not majority clear this question up. · To get to the bottom of this discus­ That's why NSCAR places a special In order to carry out the strategy of During the civil rights movement, sion we should briefly look at where emphasis on involving Black students building the largest possible counter­ moderate civil rights groups tried to NSCAR came from and what its and youth, as well as working in mobilization against the racists, slow down the struggle by claiming purpose is. support of actions called by Black NSCAR has also understood the im­ that Black demands interfered with When school opened in Boston last student and community groups. portance of involving whites who are winning over whites. Black people year, the city was shaken by racist This has drawn criticism from willing to struggle against the racists. moved to form their own groups to mobs who attacked Black students, groups such as the Young Workers It is important that Blacks not be prevent whites from blocking Black stoned buses, and nearly lynched Liberation League, a youth group in taken in by the racists' claim that they people from organizing their own fight. several Blacks who passed through solidarity with the Communist party. represent all the whites or even a However, if we ·look at NSCAR's South Boston. They claim that NSCAR's emphasis majority. The rise of the civil rights aims and charaCter we can see that The racists claimed that they repre­ on the Black community stands in the movement, the Black power movement, these problems don't exist. sented all of the whites in Boston, and way of reaching "progressive white and other Black struggles, coming in a The basis for being in NSCAR is they also claimed that even Blacks youth." time of general ferment and radicaliza­ willingness to take action in defense of were opposed to busing: What the YWLL means by this was tion, has won support from millions of the Black community. There is no The racists used physical violence shown in Boston this fall where their whites and has changed attitudes in better test of defending Black people's and mass mobilizations to further their only activity has been handing out the majority of whites, although this interests than moving in action in objectives. pamphlets and placing newspaper ads struggle is far from over. Whites have support of Black rights. explaining why whites shouldn't be marched for civil rights, fought for You don't have to personally trust 'Crushing majority' racists. Black studies, and defended Black someone, you have to see how and The racists were trying to rely upon The logic of their approach is to wait political victims such as the Panthers, whether they're going to move to take the minority status of Blacks. They for whites to figure out that they Angela Davis, and Joanne Little. concrete action against racism. wanted to present themselves as re­ should be opposed to racism before The campus and high school stu­ NSCAR includes and is winning presentatives of a crushing majority pressing forward the struggle for Black dents and youth NSCAR is trying to more and more support, not only from against which Black people, and white rights. organize have been among the ·first Black students and youth but from all­ supporters of equal rights for Blacks, While there is nothing wrong with and most militant layers to respond to Black student, high school, and com­ had no recourse. trying to explaing to whites what is the demands of the Black movement. munity groups and from leaders of the What was needed-and still is-was wrong with racism, the YWLL's NSCAR has been able to mobilize Black nationalist movement such as a countermobilization against the strategy is not the key to winning thousands of young whites around the Robert F. Williams. racists. When a march against racism whites. busing struggle and other antiracist Black youth and students who want was called for December 14 by some actions. to organize the most massive defense leaders in the Black community, stu­ Black students and youth should of the rights of Black people and other dents in the Boston area, Black and How to win whites understand that mobilizing whites oppressed nationalities-whether it is white, organized to support the action. The most effective way to win whites around Black demands is also key to around fight for school desegregation They called a highly successful teach­ is to provide a focus of activity around defeating the racists. in Boston and across the country, in for December 13 and played a key clear political demands that whites The • thousands' of whites who winning community control struggles role in the demonstration the next day. can more and more see as just and that marched May 17 helped provide a in places like District One in New York Recognizing the need to continue to in actuality are in their interest too. powerful political component of the City, or freeing Black victims of racist build up a mobilization against the So rather than waiting on whites to struggle. By their numbers and sup­ frame-ups like Joanne Little-have an racists, student and youth leaders met be persuaded verbally, NSCAR has port they broadened the base of the easy way to make sure that NSCAR after the December 14 march and helped organize Blacks and those movement beyond the Black communi­ meets their interests. That is to get issued the call for the February confer- whites who are willing to defend Black ty, demonstrated that Black people involved in and build NSCAR.

6 Racists continue camp_3jgn Buses on the move again in Boston By Jon Hillson When school opened this fall they BOSTON-More than 100 scream­ were forced to provide a massive police ing, taunting South Boston bigots were presence and 100 federal marshals. In repulsed by police October 3 after a response, gangs of roaming racists major attempt to test the strength of engaged in guerrilla-like forays law enforcement cordons around de­ against the police for two weeks. Police segregated schools here. cars were shot at by snipers. Mobs · The melee broke out in the wake of a upwards of 200 waged four-hour skir­ -·refusal by the racists to disperse their mishes with police guarding Charles­ "prayer march" against busing as it town High School. An attempt was neared the Gavin Middle School. A made to set a bridge to South Boston federal court order prohibits crowds of afire to stop the buses, and a Black city more than three within 100 yards of bus driver was hospitalized- by rock the schools. The police, light on the throwers in South Boston. bigots as usual, arrested six. The racists are continuing their The first week of school after_ the campaign, but the massive police return to classes by striking Boston presence here has allowed school teachers saw attendance rise. White MilitanVJon Hillson desegregation to proceed, and mobs attendance hovers around 63 percent Black students entering South Boston High School. Large police presence due to that have tried to gather near the of projected enrollment, while Black Black community pressure has prevented physical attacks on students. schools have been dispersed. This has attendance is around 75 percent. Puer­ been a victory for the Black to Rican and Chinese attendance is community-but it is a tenuous victo­ near 80 percent. suspension of nineteen white students the racists are, they have been held at ry. On October 2, Federal District Judge for their walkout. bay in areas where violence against Against the backdrop of antibusing W. Arthur Garrity issued an order that Also on October 2, eighteen members bused-in Black students had been the tirades by President Ford and Vice­ expands Puerto Rican and Chinese of the Committee Against Racism, a order of the day. president Rockefeller, and the congres­ parent and community involvement in small confrontationist organization, sional slaps at school desegregation, desegregation. His- ruling came as a were found innocent of disorderly In 1974, when desegregation began, enforcement of court-ordered busing result of demands by groups of parents conduct charges they faced for trying small armies of rock-heaving hooli­ remains in jeopardy. and educators in each community that to stage a "welcome back" demonstra­ gans drove Black students to the floors Pressure is mounting from the bigots stressed bilingual and bicultural needs. tion for Black students in South of the buses and turned the schools for withdrawal of the police. Any The Boston NAACP had backed the Boston on the first day of school. into jungles. Weekly racist actions serious breach in the police lines demands. Seventy-four CAR and Progressive averaging 3,000 protested desegrega­ means that the buses carrying Black On the same day as Garrity's ruling, Labor party members had been arrest­ tion for three months. And in Decem­ students will be attacked. an empty school bus was stoned in ed altogether. Thirty-one failed to show ber of that year, South Boston High The massive public pressure that Charlestown, where resistance to de­ on October 2. was closed for several weeks after more demanded desegregation in the first segregation remains fierce. On October 3 five members of PLP than 100 Black students narrowly place must continue to compel the On September 30 and October 3, fifty and CAR announced a $1 million suit escaped with their lives from a lynch courts and the government to maintain white students staged walkouts at against city and state officials and mob that held them trapped in the the big, all-important show of force Charlestown High School, protesting antibusing leaders for harassment. school for several hours. that can keep the racists dispersed. that they had no "channels" to air The "mothers' marches" and "prayer Throughout all this, federal and The bigots, if anything, remain on "white grievances." On October 2 a vigils" against desegregation continue local authorities refused to provide the offensive nationally, and now their delegation of racists was prevented by in Charlestown, South Boston, and the anything .nearing the force necessary battle line runs from the streets of police from entering the high school to North End, keeping resistance visible. to protect Black students and enforce South Boston to the corridors of power challenge headmaster Frank Power's But however intransigent and vigorous desegregation. in Washington. Mass. protests blast cutbacks, layoffs. By Susan LaMont tuition than they are currently paying. Welfare mothers and their children, throwing 18,000 people off· welfare. BOSTON-For the past several Already at the University of Massa­ workers from mental health facilities, These welfare recipients were arbitrari­ weeks, hardly a day has gone by here chusetts at Boston, 2,500 class slots handicapped children, people from ly termed "employable"-in a state without a demonstration at the Massa­ have been eliminated. alcoholic halfway houses, representa­ where the unemployment rate is more chusetts Statehouse. And fpr good If the proposed budget cuts for public tives from state-funded child-care cen­ than 12 percent. reason-the Massachusetts legislature higher education are made, UMB will ters, Medicaid recipients, social work­ The house of representatives then is debating a state budget that-if it lose at least eighty faculty positions, ers, and people from nursing homes further slashed expenditures for social passes-will eliminate $678 million 1,000 work-study jobs for students will came from all around the state to bring services and higher education by $400 from welfare expenditures, $22 million be cut, summer school will be eliminat­ their message to the legislature. That million. Now the budget has been sent from mental health services, $6.2 ed, and fifty to seventy class sections message came through loud and clear: on to the senate. million from youth services, and $9.5 will be dropped. The special admis­ "No cutbacks!" The demonstrations that have taken million from public health facilities. sions program that provides auxiliary Later in the afternoon, 3,000 mem­ place during the past month have been One effect of these cuts will be to help for Black and Puerto Rican bers of the American Federation of a big step forward. Notice has been deprive 100,000 working poor and students is already being phased out. State, County and Municipal Employ­ served on the state legislature that 28,000 disabled people on welfare of all The community colleges throughout ees and the Service Employees Interna­ those affected by the proposed cut­ medical care. And that's not all. Massachusetts will face even bigger tional Union demonstrated to demand backs will not take them lying down. Five hundred state employees have problems. Many will lose accreditation, an end to government layoffs and But more and bigger actions are already ·been laid off, and hundreds and some may even have to close. restoration of their promised cost-of­ needed to stop ·Dukakis's "meat cleav­ more stand to lose their jobs. Those On Tuesday, September 30, 2,000 of living wage increase. er" from coming down even harder. that aren't fired will be denied the cost­ the many thousands who will be On Wednesday, October 1, several of-living wage increase due them. affected by the cutbacks in human hundred senior citizens who stand to Speaking at the October 3 Militant Students attending state colleges and services held a rally and march that lose Medicaid benefits if the budget Forum in Boston, Hubie Jones, head of universities may have to pay more ended at the statehouse. passes came to protest. the Human Services Alert, the coali­ And students from nineteen state tion that organized one of the Septem­ colleges and universities will rally ber 30 demonstrations, talked about October 8 to demand an end to the the kind of united action that is cutbacks in higher education. needed. The background to the current bud­ "I hope the students and student get crisis lies in the state legislature's leaders will get together with us, also attempt to "balance the budget" at the the state employees and the radical expense of working people, the elderly, groups. Collectively w"e will force the the handicapped, and the sick, hitting government to meet its responsibilities hardest at the Black and Puerto Rican to the people. What we need is more communities. action, to focus the energies and anger In June 1975 Gov. Michael Dukakis of the people." introduced the first budget proposal. The National Student Coalition This involved a 10 percent across-the­ Against Racism,. which has supported board cut in state expenditures and a all the demonstrations against cut­ new $.:700 million tax package. (Duka­ backs, will be hosting a workshop on kis was elected on the promise that cutbacks during its national confer­ there would be no new taxes!) This ence here October 10-12. This will be budget was proudly dubbed the "meat one place where students and all MilitanVJon cleaver" by Dukakis. others affected by the cutbacks can get Three thousand government employees marched September 30 to demand end to Later in the summer he proposed­ together and discuss out plans for layoffs. and the legislature approved- further actions. '

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 17, 1975 7

/ 250 at Detroit meeting NSCAR hold teach-ins, rallies By Baxter Smith Various groups are helping to publi­ Uncowed by an assault by twenty cize the speak-out, including the South­ pipe-swinging Progressive Labor party ern Christian Leadership Conference, members, the Detroit Student Coalition Black Student Alliance at the Univer­ Against Racism on October 2 managed sity of California at Los Angeles, to carry on a prodesegregation teach-in CASA, Compton College MESA, the of 250 people that featured Detroit Southern California Alliance Against NAACP Executive Secretary Joseph Racist and Political Repression, and Madison. the student coalition. The teach-in, originally slated as a A speak-out against racism in educa­ debate between two desegregation tion in Philadelphia drew more than supporters and two antibusing leaders, 100 people to the Temple University was transformed when the antibusing campus on September 26. Speakers speakers failed to attend. there included Earl Trent of the North Madison and John Hawkins of the Philadelphia Action Branch of the student coalition were to debate Irene NAACP, Tony Austin and Chris Rob­ McCabe, president of the National inson of the student coalition, and Action Group, and Carmen Roberts of representatives from Operation PUSH Mothers Alert Detroit, a Northeast and the N;1tional Organization for Detroit antibusing group. Both women Women. are white. Robert F. Williams, the longtime Earlier in the week, members of the civil rights activist who is still under student coalition who were distributing MilitanVJon Flanders extradition orders for a trumped-up literature on the debate were attacked Racism in education was subject of student coalition-sponsored meeting at Temple kidnapping incident in 1961 in North by members of the PLP, an ultraleftist University in Philadelphia. Carolina, toured St. Louis recently, grouping that has a history of using speaking at four college campuses. violence to try to settle political differ­ desegregation, according to Militant NAACP and the Student Coalition Most of the meetings were cosponsored ences. At that time the PLPers threat­ correspondent Lee Artz. Against Racism-then there are three by Black student groups and the ened to disrupt the debate, and the It was the first major public meeting things. student coalition. Black students, eag­ student coalition decided to bar the since a federal court ruled in August "You have to be mobile, agile, and er to hear this veteran rights fighter, PLP from attending. against an NAACP busing plan and a hostile to eliminate segregation. Mo­ comprised the bulk of his audiences. In a statement, the student coalition board of education plan. bile by getting our support out there. Black students turned out in good explained that the PLP is "welcome to The NAACP has appealed the ruling Agile to do it in all different ways. And numbers for a student coalition rally at speak their ideas but not when they and is now reassessing their "court­ hostile-not like those racists who Cleveland's Cuyahoga Community intend to break up a public meeting we room only" strategy. Madison ex­ throw rocks and bricks at eight-year­ College October 2. A leader of the fight all want to hear." pressed this at the debate: "We've been old Black students-but hostile with to stop cutbacks on that campus spoke, Before the meeting began, twenty a little too quiet a little too long. We your own determination." as well as the publisher of Cleveland's PLP members picketed outside shout­ have to get out of the Rip Van Winkle Black newspaper, the Call & Post. ing "No free speech for fascists or syndrome . . . and not be sleeping as B\ack students in Atlanta are also racists" and "Irene McCabe won't events go by." Other activities imding the student coalition to be. just speak tonight." When student coalition Hawkins got a good response when While defense of school desegrega­ what the doctor ordered. There are marshals refused them admittance, the he added: tion has received major attention by coalition chapters on all of the cam­ PLPers tried to battle their way in, "We have to support desegregation the student coalition in cities like puses jn the giant, predominantly using lead pipes, but were repulsed­ and demand that the law be enforced. Detroit and Boston, student coalition Black Atlanta University complex; and discredited in the eyes of individu­ All necessary force must be applied to work in other cities has centered on and Black campus leaders such as the als at the teach-in. achieve desegregation and stop the defense of Black and other frame-up student body president at Morehouse A: the meeting's introduction, Haw­ violence. In Boston and Louisville the victims, union-support activities, and College and the editor of the Spelman kins explained, "Although we disagree violence slowed when the national campaigns against police brutality College newspaper have joined the with Irene McCabe, we want her to guard was called in. We must demand and other racist practices against student coalition. speak so we can more easily refute her that the government enforce the law. If Blacks. A recent antiracist symposium in arguments. The PLP's action did not they won't do it we should think about Student coalition activists in Los San Francisco sponsored by the stu­ expose McCabe, but make her out to be doing it ourselves." Angeles are gearing toward an October dent coalition brought out close to 100 a martyr who is being denied freedom In response to a question about what 24 speak-out against police killings people. Willie Tate, one of the San of speech." high school students can do, Madison and in defense of Michael Zinzun and Quentin Six, spoke, and Rashaad Ali replied: Philip Allen. In less than two years spoke for the student coalition. A Major public meeting "Well, one thing is you don't want to there have been more than seventy United Farm Workers representative The meeting-which attracted TV wait for your parents. We desegregated killings by cops in Los Angeles, and also spoke, as did Elayne Jones, a crews from four stations and had restaurants and buses with young most of the victims have been Blacks Black percussionist who was· driven gotten sizable prior publicity-was people. There are three things you or Chicanos. Zinzun and Allen are out of the San Francisco symphony about half-Black, standing-room only, should do. First, let me say there are Blacks who are involved in separate orchestra under flagrantly discrimina­ and very enthusiastic in support of two things you should do-join the frame-up cases. tory circumstances. Hundreds rally in Atlanta to defend Edelin By Julie Scott Edelin addressed the rally briefly, National Conference of Black Law­ ATLANTA-Four hundred people expressing his strong belief in a yers, warned that if Edelin's convic­ rallied here September 26 in defense of woman's right to choose an abortion. tion is upheld, a legal precedent could Dr. Kenneth Edelin and women's right He pointed out that a majority of the be set that would nullify the Supreme to abortion. women who die from illegal abortions Court's proabortion ruling. The rally was held at Atlanta are Black. Edelin said it is society's Carol Cohen, secretary of the Edelin University, the largest Black campus obligation to provide safe and legal Defense Committee, said that to bring in the city, and drew women from abortions for women who choose to Edelin's case before the Supreme Court across Georgia, Florida, and South have them. will- take another two years of defense Carolina. The widespread support for Edelin work and at least $200,000. The rally and an educational confer­ was demonstrated by the broad repre­ ence the next day were sponsored by sentation of speakers at the rally. Also speaking were Miesa Patterson, the Georgia Committee to Defend Archie Williams of the Black Women's representing · the Atlanta Student Abortion Rights, Atlanta National Coalition and Eva Chertov of the Coalition Against Racism; Dr. Eliza­ Organization for Women, a number of Georgia Committee to Defend Abortion beth Farians, a national director of family-planning clinics, Georgia State Rights cochaired the event. Catholics for a Free Choice; Cheryl University Black Alliance, and more "The women's movement began a Pence, president of Atlanta NOW; and than fifty individuals. national campaign to win abortion Myrian Richmond, a well-known Black Edelin is a Black doctor from Boston rights and that is the fundamental media figure and community-affairs who was convicted last February of reason why the· Supreme Court voted director for WAOK radio. manslaughter for performing 'k legal for abortion rights in 1973," Chertov The aext day's conference drew 130 abortion. As a result of his conviction, said. "We must continue to build this people, most of them Black women. major hospitals have cut back on movement and rely on our own support Out of these ~vents a commitment was MilitanVSteve Morganstern abortions, and many doctors, fearing if we are to protect rights we have won made by Black and white women to EDELIN: 'It is society's obligation to harassment, will no longer perform the and extend them." continue working together to defend provide safe and legal abortions.' operation. Susan Perry, a representative of the Dr. Edelin and the right to abortion.

8 YSA: socialist activists Chicago socialist suit in thick of the struggle hits police, army plots By John Linder We've be1:1n in the fight for school CHICAGO-Speaking at a news "These people are out there doing desegregation in cities all around the conference in the federal building here something-not miles and miles re­ country. The YSA is also working to on October 8, Patricia Grogan of the moved from the struggle-:-but on top of defend Joanne Little, J.B. Johnson, Socialist Workers party announced the what is happening." "Hurricane" Carter, Delbert Tibbs, launching of a major legal counterof­ That's how Chris Robinson, Black Ray Mendoza, and other victims of fensive to combat terrorist attacks activist and leader of last spring's racist "justice." directed against SWP and Young student strike against cutbacks at The YSA is a multinational youth Socialist Alliance members, their of­ Brown University, explained his deci­ organization, uniting Blacks, Chica­ fices, and socialist campaign support­ sion to join the Young Socialist Alli­ nos, Puerto Ricans, whites, and others ers. ance. in the fight for a just society. The occasion for the news conference The YSA is a different kind of Members are active daily on many was the filing in federal district court organization. It is constructed around fronts-from farm worker support, to of a $7.9 million lawsuit against Mayor the idea that change comes not from organizing against cutbacks in the Richard Daley, former state's attorney John Linder is a member of the schools, to the battle to pass the Equal Edward Hanrahan, top officials of the Rights Amendment and defend abor­ Chicago Police Department, agents of Young Socialist Alliance National tion rights. the 113th Military Intelligence Group Committee. The YSA is based on the conviction of the U.S. Army, and members of the wishing, waiting, or trusting our that the problems we face all have Legion of Justice, a defunct paramili­ · "friends" in Washington but through their roots in the kind of economic tary fascist-like gang. mass struggle. And we act on that system we live under A handful of The suit seeks general damages for belief. bankers and billionaires hold economic injuries and destruction of property The YSA was on the scene in some of and political power in the United caused by Legion terrorists in 1969 and the most important battles of the 1960s States. They are the ones who create 1970. Punitive damages for violations and 1970s. inflation, unemployment, war, and of the civil rights of individual SWP Young Socialists took part in the racism. and YSA members are also sought. movement that abolished the Jim We want a society where these The suit also asks the court for an Crow segregation system in the South. problems don't exist-where there's the injunction prohibiting the Chicago When Malcolm X was alive he faced fullest democracy. In a word­ police from destroying evidence of hostility from almost all sides. But the socialism. their complicity in the activities of the YSA cooperated with Malcolm and Unfortunately, that word is some­ Legion and from supporting future supported his uncompromising call for times misused in today's world. While illegal operations against the SWP and freedom "by any means necessary." we support the unquestionable ad- YSA. On Nov;ember 1, 1969, the Legion raided the Chicago offices of the SWP and YSA, clubbed and maced the occupants, and stole a number of files. On December 4, 1969, the same day that Chicago police murdered Black Panther leaders Fred Hampton and Mark Clark, thirty cops-some with guns drawn-burst into the SWP headquarters claiming they had re­ ceived a reuort of a gunfight. Just prior to the cops' arrival, SWP officials around the country received phone calls from persons pretending to be Chicago party leaders claiming that people had been "tommy gunned" at the Chicago SWP headquarters. On December 6, 1969, the Legion raided the apartment of, YSA members in DeKalb, Illinois. They clubbed and maced the occupants of the apartment. MilitanVCindy Jaquith On December 10, 1969, the Legion YSA has played leading role in organizing mass response to racist attacks on Blacks pinned a death threat to the door of Legion of Justice thugs Thomas Stewart Chicago SWP organizer Richard Hill. (top) and Stephen Sedlacko have And on June 27, 1970, the Chicago testified that police and government When Malcolm's ideas were put into vances made possible by the overthrow SWP and YSA offices were again officials helped plan and carry out practice by Black students in the of capitalism in countries like the burglarized. armed raids against left-wing groups. 1960s, we championed their demands Soviet Union and China, the YSA Recent confessions of Legion gang­ for Black studies and open admissions. thinks the dictatorial regimes existing sters Thomas Stewart and Stephen In · Detroit and other cities YSA there have nothing to do with social­ Sedlacko-made on television and in tee's support for the SWP and YSA's members took the lead in organizing ism. We back the efforts of forces there· court under oath-revealed that these lawsuit. broad-based actions to get rid of the trying to establish a true socialist terrorist activities of the Legion of In his statement, Starsky explained special cop terror squads turned loose democracy. Justice were financed, supported, and the origin of the DATA committee, its on the Black community. A few years ago when YSA members directed by the Chicago Police Depart­ accomplishments, and the need for its You might have been part of the would discuss the kind of society they ment and the army. present reactivization. He pointed out mass movement against the Vietnam believe is possible and necessary, they As Stewart insisted: "All the way that the DATA committee played a War. If so; chances are pretty good would hear an objection: "Everything along the line I had complete confi­ major role when the attacks took place that you ran into the YSA. We were you say sounds nice, but who's going dence in the fact that I was working in the "campaign to expose the Legion there-through thick and thin-organ­ to listen? Everybody is satisfied." for a number of government agencies and the protection it was receiving izing the mass demonstrations, the Today we don't hear that argument and the police and I had nothing at all from city hall," and vowed "to contin­ rallies, the teach-ins. very much. The mounting problems in to worry about. . . . Information came ue our efforts now that part of the These experiences were particularly this society are convincing more and from Hanrahan's office.... we were truth about the terrorist attacks has useful when we looked at the racist more people that there must be a better aware of everything they were doing." come to light." attacks that began in Boston one year way of doing things. And mahy are Since everyone involved conspired to These efforts, according to Starsky, ago. Not many knew what to do about giving a serious hearing to the ideas of keep their illegal activities secret, the include publicity, fund raising, and the situation. socialism. statute of limitations does not prevent building support for the SWP and YSA The YSA decided what was going on One of the ways we help to spread civil or criminal actions from being lawsuit "in order to get the whole truth in Boston was· the opening battle in a socialist ideas is by supporting the brought against them for five years out about who is responsible for the new nationwide frontal assault on Socialist Workers party campaigns of from the time their involvement came terrorist attacks and to force the Black rights. Peter Camejo for president and Willie to light. authorities to bring everyone responsi­ The YSA went all-out campaigning Mae Reid for vice-president. According to Grogan, "The disclo­ ble for them to justice." for massive street actions to defend the sure that these vicious attacks were A similar suit was filed by the students under attack. We got out the On December 28 through January 1 police and government inspired re­ American Civil Liberties Union on message in our newspaper-the Young we will be holding our fifteenth nation­ quires us to look at them from another October 3 on behalf of twenty-eight Socialist. In the high schools and al convention in Milwaukee. At that angle-as part of a national campaign organizations and individuals who colleges where we go to school and on time leaders of struggles around the by the government to disrupt the have been the targets of police spying our jobs we spread the word. country will get together to map out a activities of Black, antiwar, and social­ in Chicago. Among the groups in­ When a march on Boston was called plan of action for 1976. ist groups, terrorize activists, and drive volved are Operation PUSH, the Amer­ for December 14 last year, YSA mem­ Come to our convention. And joiJl away potential supporters." ican Friends Service Committee, the bers moved into action. the YSA in the fight for the kind of Joining Grogan _was Dr. Morris Independent Voters of Illinois, the At our convention after the march, society that will get rid of racism once Starsky, speaking for the Committee Medical Committee for Human Rights, we voted to throw all of our energies and for all. for Defense Against Terrorist Attacks. and the Better Government Associa­ into helping to mobilize masses of To join the YSA-or to receive more Starsky announced the DATA commit- tion. people to defeat the racist mobs in information-just write: YSA, Box 471 Boston. Cooper Station, New York, N.Y. 10003.

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 17, 1975 9 In Our Opinion Let ten

Death row grows wind-power systems could be a reality The statistics in your editorial on the in ten years if some of the same death penalty [Militant, October 10] billions that the government spends on are a little out of date, and I thought nuclear power and weapons were The rank and file of the Porttiguese army, the sons of workers Militant readers might want to know diverted to building pilot solar and and peasants, were among the victims of the old regime's the current facts. According to Tom wind-power plants. bloody colonial wars in Africa. Like the rest of the Portuguese Wicker's column in the October 3 New Environmentalists must recognize that stopping nuclear power will be population, they enthusiastically supported the overthrow of York Times, there are now 361 convicted persons on death row in the extremely difficult so long as decision the Caetano dictatorship on April 25, 1974. thirty-four states that have reinstituted making power rests with the ruling Since then, these soldiers have gone through a year-and-a­ capital punishment. Of these, 201 are class. Ultimately it is only by building half of experience. Many of them, who at first shared the Black, or about 56 percent. · socialism that the currently occurring popular illusions in the Armed Forces Movement leadership, G.A. ecological disaster can be prevented have begun to question the leadership of the generals. They New York, New York from reaching its conclusion. have taken part in the struggles outside the barracks; they have Edward Gogol Chicago, Illinois shoWn that they are willing to struggle for their own democratic rights. And by the thousands they have become determined to fight for socialism. These revolutionary-minded soldiers consider themselves the 'Most biased' I have not renewed my subscription heirs of the Russian soldiers who helped overthrow the tsar, · and do not intend to because I have That's fair rallied to the Bolsheviks by the millions, and defeated the realized that the Militant is one of the A friend showed me the imperialist-backed attempt to restore capitalism. most biased and poorly written pieces Socialist Workers party and the They see themselves in the tradition of the German sailors of garbage that I have ever read. Militant. It might just be the answer! who revolted in Kiel in 1918, leading to the destruction of the While I will admit that you do Give me a chance and I'll give you a German monarchy 'and the first attempt to establish a socialist occasionally present a necessary chance. It looks great! republic in Germany. If they had their way, these Portuguese second side to a news story, I have Enclosed is one dollar for a trial soldiers would follow the example of Fidel Castro and the found that in general the policy of this subscription. newspaper is to delete the second or Cuban rebel army, establishing a new society in Portugal. F.Z. third side of the story and present only Abilene, Texas The existence of thousands of these soldiers and sailors in the what is most favorabie to your cause. Portuguese armed forces who are willing and eager to struggle In short, the Militant is worth for socialism has set the stage for a confrontation between them neither the time it takes me to read it and the old imperialist officer corps that is running the nor the effort it takes me to throw it Giant step backward government. out. In September, General Electric and The militant soldiers and sailors are today the number-one Mark A. Lipowicz International Union of Electrical Clayton, Missouri Workers Local 761 in Louisville, target of the Portuguese government. This includes not only the Kentucky, formulated an agreement officers of the Armed Forces Movement and the capitalist . that puts labor arbitration a giant step politicians of the Popular Democratic party, but also the backward. treacherous leaders of the Portuguese Socialist and Communist More, please They negotiated a pay raise of $0.39 parties. Enclosed is my renewal to your fine an hour for a select few for "superior Betrayed by the Stalinists and Social Democrats, the and informative newspaper. Please knowledge" for maintenance men give more "unbiased" reporting to the Portuguese rebels on the firing line need a new leadership. They whose wages were already $1.33 below Palestinians' struggle to regain their the other leading industries in the need-and deserve-a leadership · that can combine their equality and rights. Also, keep us community. struggle with that of the workers and all the oppressed, not lead informed in the struggle of the Irish The company was allowed to pick it to isolation and defeat. people to throw off imperialism. the men to receive the raise without Such a leadership is not to be found among the ultraleft D.C. any reference to seniority, ability, or groups outside of the government who have abandoned any Bridgeton, Missouri testing knowledge, allowing scabs and idea of winning the Portuguese masses to a revolutionary pets to get a raise while men with program. However, whatever the outcome of the struggle for the years of experience and knowledge leadership of these rebel fighters, they deserve the support and were passed by. Nuclear power plants S.R. solidarity of every revolutionary. Their courage and militancy The current rush to nuclear power is Louisville, Kentucky is an inspiring example. a good example of how decisions affecting all of society are not made democratically but by a small minority. The ruling class in this Trials a 'shambles' country would have people believe that Your readers should be interested in Double standard nuclear power is safe and di~closures in a recent New York Hugo Blanco is a revolutionary socialist. As a student activist nonpolluting. In reality, an economy Times article about the Attica frame­ in his native Peru, a trade unionist in Argentina, an interna­ based on hundred& or thousands of ups. tionally known peasant leader, and a defender of political fission reactors will lead to ecological Four years after state troopers and prisoners, Blanco has stood up for the rights of the oppressed disaster. guards murdered thirty-nine prisoners and prison employees, and after four and exploited throughout his life. According to the State The objections to nuclear power are fourfold. First, there is the very real years of grand juries and indictments Department, his political views make him ineligible to set foot possibility of major catastrophes and prosecutions, the state's case in the United States. involving nuclear reactors. There have apparently is coming apart from Also banned from the United States last month was Sergio been a number of near catastrophes within. Segre, a leading member of the Italian Communist party, who already. Several months ago an Attica had been invited to a conference sponsored by the Council on Second is the problem of routine prosecutor resigned and said that the Foreign Relations. · release of radiation at all stages of the prosecutor's office was covering up Apparently the State Department found the outlook of the , nuclear fuel cycle. Various estimates ·crimes by law enforcement personnel. have been made that such release in a So, right now there is a hearing going most prominent leader of the neofascist movement in Italy, full-scale nuclear economy would result on to determine why the state has Giorgio Almirante, more to their liking. Almirante's red-carpet in an increase on the order of many never prosecuted any troopers or state treatment here included a meeting in the Ex'ecutive Office tens of thousands in the number of officials. Building with staff members of Ford's National Security . deaths per year due to cancer and "It's a shambles here," an Attica . Council. In addition, several members of Congress met with genetic disease . prosecutor told a Times reporter in this avowed fascist. Third is the problem of guarding the regard to the possible outcome of the Almirante told the press that he had "reported on the threat many thousands of tons of radioactive hearing. "Everyone is running for the· wastes that will be produced every hills. It's every man for himself on a of communism in Italy." He noted that one of the National year. Already many thousands of sinking boat. We've basically given up Security Council officials had "expressed esteem for our type of gallons of liquid waste have leaked on the cases." mission and appreciated the information we brought him." into the ground from corroding metal The Times said that only the murder Almirante, in turn, expressed appreciation for the fact that tanks at the storage facility at indictments and· cases involving ''witch-hunts toward people like us do not exist in the United Hanford, Washington. leaders of the rebellion are expected to States." Fourth is the certainty that, despite go to trial. "Everything else will go out The government's double standard in these contrasting cases the most extreme police-state the window," one of the prosecutors is not only a revealing indication of the ideas and values measures, fissile and radioactive disclosed. substances will be possessed by But of the central frame-up- . defended by Washington. It should also be a spur to further terrorists, criminals, psychotics, and involving five rebellion leaders-the protests against the exclusion of Blanco and Segre, and to governments-all extremely · man whose conviction the prosecution demands that the government allow all points of view to be irresponsible. thought would be the easiest was heard. On the other hand, solar and wind acquitted in June. power are safe, nonpolluting, and If they can dismiss indictments at nondepletable. Large-scale solar and this stage-which they should, all of

10 La Lucha Puertorriquclia Jose Perez them-after spending millions of dollars to get them, it shows how corrupt and ruthless state officials Free the nationalist prisoners! have been all along, from former governor Rockefeller on down. On November 1, there will a demonstration at the local government. Washington's representatives at the K.N. United Nations to demand the release of five Puerto United Nations quickly got that body to agree that New York, New York Rican nationalists who have been in jail more than ,Puerto Rico was now "self-governing." U.S; plans twenty years. The demonstration, which will be at 1:00 included a similar declaration from the Organization p.m., has been called by the Committee for the of American States, which was to meet March 1, 1954. Freedom of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Prisoners. Determined to expose this fraud before the whole Latino census Lolita Lebron, Oscar Callazo, Andres Figueroa world, four nationalists entered the gallery of the U.S. Statistics recently issued by the U.S. Cordero, Irving Flores; and Rafael Cancel Miranda are House of Representatives that day shouting, "Viva Census Bureau indicate that Chicanos different from many other political prisoners who were Puerto Rico Libre." and began shooting. and Puerto Ricans are among the sent to jail during the McCathyite repression of the Collazo was sentenced to be electrocuted, but poorest sectors of the population of the 1950s. pressure forced the U.S. government to reduce the United States. Oscar Collazo took part in an attack on Blair House, sentence to life imprisonment. The three men in the According to a recent issue of the the temporary residence of President Harry Truman, other case were sentenced to up to seventy-five years bureau's Current Population Survey, on November 1, 1950. The other four carried out an in prison; Lebron received fifty. out of nearly 6.7 million Chicanos in armed protest in the U.S. Congress on March 1, 1954. Since that time, these independentistas have been the United States, 23 percent live To understand their actions, you have to look at the subjected to continual harassment and inhuman below the official government poverty historical background. The United States military had treatment. They have been transferred frequently from level. invaded Puerto Rico in 1898 and Washington had one prison to another and have been kept in solitary For Puerto Ricans it is even worse­ dictatorially ruled the island ever since. The result of confinement for long periods of time. Figueroa Cordero out of 1. 7 million, 33 percent live under this imperialist aggression was that by 1950 the island is suffering from cancer, and Lebr6n is seriously ill. the official poverty level. The had been reduced to a chronic state of abysmal Neither of them is being given proper medical treat­ percentage for the population of the poverty and degradation. ment. country as a whole is a little under 12. In 1950, faced with the worldwide upsurge of the The' four involved in the second incident have been The same pattern is confirmed by colonial revolution, Congress decided to give its offered parole on conditions that would restrict their average family income statistics given domination of the island a democratic face-lift. political activities. They have refused-they will not in the report. For the United States as Puerto Rico would get self-government in a feyv. a whole, it is $12,800. For Chicanos yield one millimeter in their unwavering support to and Mexicans it is $9,500 and for nonessential areas, while Washington retained the Puerto Rican independence. Puerto Ricans, $7,600. real power. A big obstacle to this plan was the massive The five have . been in jail longer than any other It should be noted that the bureau is proindependence movement, especially the Nationalist political prisoners in this country and, as far as is notoriously incompetent at counting party. known, the whole western hemisphere. Even the Latinos, especially those who speak no In mid-1950, the party charged it had discovered a Puerto Rican government amnestied the remaining English and would be worse off U.S. conspiracy to jail or kill its leadership. prisoners from the 1950 rebellion several years ago. economically. Sure enough, there was stepped-up harassment of Marxists believe that the tactic of individual terror Also, the figures presumably don't the party and, on October 30, shooting broke out used by the nationalists was ineffective and actually include most of the several million between nationalists and cops during a police raid. counterproductive. But one does not have to agree-with undocumented workers, primarily When the news' was carried over the radio, national­ their methods, or even the idea of independence, to see Mexicans, whc::i are the most ists all over the island revolted. It took six days and that the government is keeping them in prison not for economically exploited group in the several thousand government troops to put down the what happened more than two decades ago, but for country. rebellion. their ideas. J.G. It was during the middle of the rebellion that · This inhumanity being carried out by the U.S. New York, New York Collazo and Griselio Torresola attacked Blair House. government is designed to break the nationalists' Torresola was killed in the attack, and Collazo spirit and to intimidate all independentistas. seriously wounded and apprehended. The real criminals in this situation are not the five After the rebellion, the government carried out nationalists, but the U.S. rulers, whose refusal to grant The issue is Palestine massive repression and a sweeping witch-hunt. Then amnesty to these prisoners exemplifies the brutal On the evening of October 1, some they held a fraudulent plebiscite and set up the new determination they have to keep control of the island. 125 people gathered on the campus of the University of Tennessee to protest against Moshe Dayan and Zionism. The picket, held outside the gymnasium where Dayan was speaking, included members of the By Any Means Necessary Young Socialist Alliance, the Organization of Arab Students, the Friends of Palestine, and others from Baxter Smith the Arab-American community. The main issue was Palestine, and much publicity was given to the problems of the Palestinian people. An information booth was set up in the Gerry tiPs his hat to Blacks student center for two days preceding the demonstration, and a film seminar Stop all of that bad-mouthing of the president, you child in this country is excluded." was run continuously as well. cynics out there. Gerry Ford has done something nice. Turning to the subject of rights, Gerry said: Dayan had been invited by the He's paid tribute to the contributions of Blacks in "The problems of human rights are not so much Issues Committee of UT, and w.as paid America. It came in a speech at the predominantly burdens to carry as they are avenues to achievement. nearly $4,000. The OAS and the Black National Baptist Convention in St. Louis in The end of the journey is not so important as the fact Friends of Palestine pressured the early September. that we are on the nght road. Every citizen has a right group into getting a speaker to "All of us can be proud-despite the imperfections of to the means necessary for the development of his represent the Palestinian viewpoint. our country-that we have never reversed the goals of material and spiritual life .... All Americans must be Even then, the committee got Ashram our founding fathers ... ,"Gerry said, going into his free. And those who enjoy freedom must give freedom Gorbal, Egyptian dilettante, to history bag. "History tells us that Blacks were to others." represent the "other side." American pilgrims and pioneers. As many as twenty 'Round about here, some of you cynics out there are Not satisfied, these people worked Blacks came ashore at Jamestown in 1619, just twelve muttering expletives that are not printable in a family until the committee got Dr. Hatem years after the first settlers arrived." paper like the Militant, but take it easy, don't get sore. Hussaini, former spokesperson for the Now, Gerry tried to be well intentioned in his speech, Palestine Liberation Organization at · but he was a little off at times, because history tells us You're probably saying that in Boston today; Blacks the United Nations, and his speech that Blacks came ashore at Jamestown as slaves and are involved in a struggle over their education-a was held the night after the not as pilgrims and pioneers as his positioning of facts struggle for a quality, desegregated education, a goal demonstration. seems to have it. that Gerry opposes. L.K. and M.L. Okay, big deal, so Gerry was a little off on some Knoxville, Tennessee "As we look back on some of the shortcomings of America," Gerry went on, in his uncomplicated, things. But wasn't it nice of him to salute the burger-fries-Coke manner, "slavery leaves a sad and accomplishments of Blacks like that, in his own way. sorry chapter in our history." So he mentioned the And other people are following his example too. In The letters column is an open accomplishments of outstanding Blacks. He spoke fact, in the Charlestown section of Boston, right up forum for all viewpoints on sub­ about "Peter Salem and Silem Poor who were singled there by Bunker Hill-where Peter Salem and Salem jects of general interest to our out for gallantry at the Battle of Bunker Hill." Poor went down because they believed all Americans readers. Please keep your letters Turning to education, Gerry said: must be free-the nice citizens are more than willing to brief. Where necessary they will "Let me add that the issue in 1837, when Cheyney help lighten the burdens of Blacks. And they've be abridged. Please indicate if State College was founded in Pennsylvania as the first written tributes to the accomplishments of Blacks in your name may be used or if you Black institution of higher learning, was quality breaking down barriers, too, in short, poignant prefer that your initials be used education .... I assure you here today that I stand for messages ("Nigger, go home") on abandoned buildings instead. quality education for eve1·y American-not one single and in the gutters.

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 17, 1975 Growers~ cogs violate law Calif. UFW hit massive arrests By Harry Ring DELANO, Calif.-United Farm Workers organizers are suffering massive arrests in Tulare County, where the local sheriff's department is acting as an open agent of the growers. In jailing the ·organizers, Sheriff Robert Wiley is deliberately flouting a recent state supreme court ruling establishing the right of union organiz­ ers to enter the fields to talk with the . workers prior to a union representation election. Thirty-three arrests have been made in Tulare County, immediately adja­ cent to the Delano area, since the supreme court access order was issued. Ninety-five arrests have been made since elections began in September. The growers perform a "citizen's ar­ rest" and waiting sheriff's deputies obligingly haul the UFW organizers off to jail. So far those arrested have been released on their own recogni­ zance.· They all face trial on trespass charges. In defying the state court order UFW organizers talk with farm workers in fields at Delano MilitanVAmold Weissberg Sheriff Wiley declared that the right-of­ access order violates trespass laws and that he intends to protect the property arrived there. He was accompanied by the routine reports filed with the union elections which union they want to rights of the owners. L.D. Porter, a Washington representa­ here by staff organizer Linda Sourbis. represent them. Attorneys for the growers went to tive of the AFL-CIO, and a group of She wrote: This is compounded by the slow­ Washington, D.C., September 30 seek­ UFW field organizers. The waiting "On Sunday, September 28 at 5 p.m., motion response of the ALRB to the ing a U.S. Supreme Court injunction to deputies and company officials de­ John Gibson and myself, Linda Sour­ literally hundreds of complaints by the nullify the access ruling. The request clined to make an arrest. his, went to the Christian Brothers UFW of illegal practices, including was denied. At dawn on October 1, at the camp behind Belridge headquarters. coercion, violence, and ballot stuffing, Meanwhile, responding to angry beginning of the scheduled workday, John·talked to a man who claimed to After a special meeting with Gov. demands by the UFW, the state ~gri­ UFW board member Richard Chavez be the foreman. . . . Edmund Brown on October 2, Walter culture Labor Relations Board is seek­ led a group of organizers back to the "He told John that we had to leave Kintz, counsel to the ALRB, an­ ing a court injunction enjoining Sheriff Pandol ranch. I accompanied the and shouted to some workers nearby, nounced that a special task force has Wiley from continuing the illegal group. We passed a parked sheriff's 'Don't talk to them!' been established to process the back­ arrests. A hearing on this was slated patrol car nean the ranch entrance. But. "I went to a trailer and knocked on logged complaints. He said they hoped for October 2. the field was empty. The labor contrac­ the door. Three men came running and to get the complaints "unclogged" in The ALRB acted after receipt of a tor had apparently told the workers hollered out that I had to leave, that two weeks. telegram from Ben Maddock, Delano­ there would be no work that morning. they had been told by Dick Meyers to Kintz acted in response to mounting area director of organization for the Then at lunchtime, a group of UFW keep us out, that it was private demands on Governor Brown that he UFW. Maddock demanded that the organizers returned again. This time property. Three more men joined in be fired as the board's counsel. On board act to stop "the 'orgy of arrests," there were workers in the field. There and one of them threatened to bodily October 1 more than 700 farm workers which, he charged, are part of "a were also cops and police vans. throw me out if I didn't leave. massed at the ALRB office in Sacra­ grower-Teamster conspiracy to keep Nine people were arrested, including "As John and I were leaving, a mento demanding that Kintz get out. farm workers from organizing." Joe L6pez, AFL-CIO field representa­ security guard, F. Rosales, arrived and Meeting during the AFL-CIO nation­ Maddock also filed an unfair-labor­ tive, and Helen Chavez and Linda stated that it was private property and al convention in San Francisco, the practices charge against the Pandol & Rodriguez, the wife and the daughter we would be arrested if we didn't leave. executive board of that labor body S,ons ranch, scene of many of the of Cesar Chavez. We drove away and turned around to appointed a three-member panel to arrests. He named Sheriff Wiley and leaflet on the highway. F. Rosales said probe the harassment of UFW organiz­ his deputies as "agents of the Pandol Also jailed was Bill Ravanesi, a free­ we would be arrested if we didn't leave. ers. ranch." lance photographer doing a book on All the time we were on the public The AFL-CIO team consists of Paul Pandol is one of the area's major the farm workers movement. A fre­ road. Hall, president of the Seafarers' Inter­ growers of grapes and other produce. quent target of grower violence, Ra­ "On Monday, September 29 at 7 national Union; Joseph Keenan, secre­ His ranch was the scene of one of the vanesi has filed assault charges a.m., myself, David Valles, Bill tary of the International Brotherhood bitterly fought strikes in the historic against two supervisors. Ravanesi-the photographer-Carol of Electrical Workers; and Paul Jen­ initial organizing drive by the UFW At the Tex-Cal Ranch September 30, from the legal department, and John nings, president of the Jnternational here in 1965. UFW organizer Frank Ortiz, accom­ Gibson went to the Belridge packing Union of Electrical Workers. panied by AFL-CIO representative shed. The people in the first car They will tour farm areas for three to Pandol arrests Porter, entered the field to talk to the identified themselves and the security five days, meeting with officials and In making the arrests, Pandol and workers. Three Anglo foremen then set guard stood in front of the car to rank and file members of the UFW. his police collaborators have been upon Ortiz, shoving and kicking him. prevent them from entering. They will also meet with the ALRB playing a cat-and-mouse game. A revealing picture of what the "When he stepped aside we drove in. and then issue a public report. · After a number of arrests at the grower-police harassment of UFW We leafleted people as they arrived for Meanwhile, it is impressive to see ranch, UFW leader Cesar Chavez organizers is like is contained in one of work. Kern County sheriffs arrived how the determined UFW continues to and a citizen's arrest was made by a press ahead in the face of every obsta­ Belridge official against David, John, cle. and myself. Discussing some of the things they Gallo vote hearings open "Carol and Bill voluntarily left the have been through, organizer Ben MERCED, Calif., Oct. 6-A pub- · the election. Six of the 136 strikers premises and waited at the gate. Bill Maddock said, "You know, a lot of lie hearing has begun on the disput­ took the stand today. Mter being was taking pictures of the guards at people have tried to bury us. And a lot ed union-representation election examined by UFW attorney Steve the gate and one of them got angry of people thought we were dead. But held at the nearby Gallo· vineyards Burton, they were subjected to cross- · and chased him down the highway, there's one thing about a movement­ threatening him with a club in his September 10. examination by Gallo and Teamster about the Farm Workers-they're pret­ · hand. Bill got a picture of this. At issue is the move by the Gallo lawyers. All of the witnesses testi­ ty tough. They just keep coming back." company and the Teamsters union fied effectively as to their status as "John, David, and myself were to disqualify the votes cast in the Gallo workers who went on strike to driven about a half mile from Belridge election by United Farm Workers win renewal of the UFW contract in and given the option of getting a strikers. In the election the UFW 1973. To avoid renewing that agree­ citation rather than a full arrest which Vote totals we did." Following are the unofficial won nearly a third of the votes of . ment, Gallo signed a sweetheart results of voting in the California the workers hired since the 1973 contract with the Teamsters. farm elections as of October 7. walkout began. If the votes of the If Gallo and the Teamsters insist 136 strikers are counted, the UFW is that each of the remaining 130 Statewide Challenged ballots are not virtually assured of victory. strikers be called to the stand, the What is happening here in the included in the figures this week. The hearing, which began at the hearing will take weeks. Delano-Tulare area is only the worst Merced city hall today, will be a On completion of testimony and example of what is now clearly esta­ Vote Percent lengthy one. arguments, the examiner will make blished as a statewide pattern. United Farm An examiner from the recently a recommendation to the ALRB, The growers and their Teamster and Workers 13,410 52.3 created Agricultural Labor Rela­ which will then make a decision. " police accomplices have made it clear Teamsters 8,037 31.4 tions Board is hearing testimony Meanwhile, the UFW is continu­ they do not intend to willingly submit No union 4,175 16.3 to a democratic process in which farm from the strikers who cast ballots in ing to press the Gallo boycott. Totals workers will determine by secret-ballot 25,622 100.0

12 Interview with Willie Tate Behind San Quentin Six frame-up trial By Michael Schreiber district attorney is trying to make all out of about sixty in the adjustment the system than isolated acts of vio­ SAN FRANCISCO-The San Quen­ these different pieces fit together to get center. And all you could hear was lence." tin Six are a group of Black and Latino a conviction. All the guards made 'nigger this' and 'nigger that.' That Tate talked of the need for action to prisoners on trial near San Rafael, statements in the past that damaged can be very enraging when you're defend the San Quentin Six. "Joanne California, for murder and conspiracy. his case, so when they go on the stand, unable to do anything about it. And so Little's case shows what a mass The six men have been deprived of a they change their story in each in­ a movement developed.'' . . movement can do," he concluded. "She jury-of their peers, and they are bound stance. Tate said that prisoners were radi~ had support around the nation." and slandered in the courtroom. "Take this guard named Adams, calized through the 1960s by identifica­ The defendants, Fleeta Drumgo, who said George Jackson was shot and tion with the Vietnamese and Chinese Hugo Pinell, Johnny Spain, David then fell to the ground. He demonstrat­ revolutions, and with the antiwar, civil Johnson, Luis Talamantez, and Willie ed in court how he fell and came to rest rights, and Black nationalist move­ Tate, are charged with instigating and on his back. Two hours later, after the ments. People especially identified participating in the San Quentin recess, he came in and said he had with Malcolm X, he said, who was a prison shoot-out of August 21, 1971, in made a mistake-after he gave two former prisoner. which five persons lost their lives. demonstrations. "There wasn't much literature on Defense attorneys maintain that the "No one was indicted for the murder Malcolm X in those days," he said. present trial is designed to mask a of George Jackson. They try to cover it "But you'd hear things on the. radio. conspiracy among state officials to up by saying he was killed in flight. You could relate to Malcolm. The dude assassinate prison leader George Jack- But they made a mistake because this refused to kiss anyone's behind, and . son, who also died during the shoot­ particular guard forgot his story." you could see that in yourself. That out. Tate has spent half of his thirty was a type of brother you'd like to be. Tate is the only defendant who is not years in prison. In 1962 when he "Also the Muslims had their part to chained to his chair during courtroom entered Tracy prison, he met prison play. They instilled a lot of pride in proceedings. Last December he was leaders like Jackson. Soon, he began to Black physical featu.res and they gave freed on $100,000 bail after serving the study philosophy and politics, and he brothers more feeling about themselves maximum .sentence for assault. became acquainted with socialist and their history.'' In a recent interview with the ideas. "Martin Luther King had an effect," Militant, Tate discussed the trial and · "George studied," Tate explained, Tate continued. "But in the beginning recalled anecdotes of his experiences "and he encouraged other people to there was criticism because he taught with Jackson and other prison leaders. study. I heard him express the idea nonviolence while prison life taught Tate referred to the chaining and that Blacks should probably leave this that violence is the only thing that's shackling of his codefendants as country and get control of an island or respected. We saw pictures in maga­ "psychological torture." something and form a nation there. zines of police dogs on civil rights "The brothers don't like it," he said, This was in 1962;" demonstrators in the South. That "but they know what justice is. They Jackson and others helped unite the would infuriate me because I was in read our letters to them, and that Black prisoners at Tracy in a struggle prison, as I saw it, doing nothing helps. Of course, it hurts a lot because against racism. about it. they know the history of Blacks in "In 1962," Tate said, "there was a "By the time of the death of Martin chains as slaves." struggle against both the racism of the Luther King I began to believe he was "Number one," Tate said, "we should institution and the racism of the white having a positive effect. I felt that his not have to go through this trial. The inmates against the Blacks. At that bringing people together of different San Quentin Six defendant Fleeta evidence doesn't support a trial. The time there were only about five Blacks backgrounds was more of a threat to Drumgo bound in chains. Texas farm workers begin citrus strike By Rick Congress smashed by the Texas Rangers. The paper, told the Militant that the union only way to guarantee any permanent HOUSTON-A strike is now going mere fact that the union is moving out is currently polling farm workers gains. on at Sharyland Citrus Company, one and trying to organize has been an crossing over the international bridge On September 7 I accompanied of the largest citrus growers in Texas's inspiration to farm workers, the union from Mexico about the possibility of a TFWU leader Antonio Orendain and Rio Grande Valley. leaders say. In some instances growers strike. several union activists on a trip to Rio On September 29 twenty workers at raised wages significantly under the The response has been positive, he Bravo, Mexico, about thirty miles Sharyland walked out of the citrus pressure of the drive. · reports. Mexican nationals who live in south of the border. A regional meeting groves and sent a delegation to the Thousands of campesinos from the Mexico and work in Texas played a of the Centro Campesino Indepen­ Texas Farm Workers Union headquar­ Rio Grande Valley region migrate central role in last May's melon strike diente (Independent Peasants Center) ters in San Juan, Texas. They asked annually to California, Ohio, Florida, in the valley. The citrus crop would be was being held. The organization the TFWU to represent them and help and elsewhere. Farm workers reached the target of a new strike this fall. fights for land for the landless peas­ them in organizing a strike. by the union in Texas will carry the ants. Since that time there has been spirit of la causa with them, TFWU TFWU organizer Lupe Casares says Orendain addressed the meeting of picketing at Sharyland. The union is members maintain, and will be quick that many workers who abandoned the 200, telling them about the struggle of demanding negotiations with Shary­ to join in union drives in other states. melon strike and went back into the farm workers in the United States. land owners. Thus far the strike has The San Juan-based group, associat­ fields after the growers raised the pay They promised to organize solidarity been solid. ed for several years with the UFW, now feel they made a mistake. They activity if a citrus strike begins in The strikers are all skilled workers­ constituted itself as the TFWU in saw wages fall back down once the Texas. pruners and irrigators-who are year­ August of this year. pressure of the strike receded and now The earlier melon strike received round employees. The large influx of Jose Salazar, editor of the TFWU understand that a union contract is the enthusiastic support on the Mexican seasonal workers has not begun. side of the border. The strikers want recognition of the When the Sharyland strike began on TFWU as their bargaining agent, the September 29, Orendain was in Hous­ firing of an abusive foreman, a mini­ ton speaking to a meeting organized mum wage of $2.10 an hour, and by MAYO (Mexican American Youth improved working conditions. Shary­ Organization) and the Young Socialist lanq provides no portable bathrooms Alliance at the University of Houston. or water in the fields. The workers The next day there was a Houston must bring their own water with them. news conference at which TFWU This is the latest round in a Texas representative Narciso Aleman and farm worker organizing effort that Professor Ortega of the University of started with a melon strike that broke Houston issued an appeal to aid the out in the valley last May. strikers. After that strike, the organizers The citrus harvest lasts nearly six followed the harvest in a northwest months. That opens the possibility of a direction through the state, winding up series of long, drawn-out strikes. The in Muleshoe in the panhandle. On striking farm workers will need help. September 5 this reporter attended a Students at the University of Hous­ reception that drew 300 people to the ton have set up a group to aid the union's San Juan headquarters, El TFWU. It will be working with friends Cuhamil. It was in honor of Jorge of the farm workers in the Chicano Zaragosa, an organizer who had just community, in the unions, and else­ returned from Muleshoe. where to publicize and assist the While no contracts have been won, current strike and any future strikes. ,union leaders rate the campaign a Militant/Jose Perez Those wishing to contribute to the success. This is the first such organiz­ Farm union activists and supporters inside San Juan headquarters, El Cuhamil. At Texas farm workers can send funds to ing effort since 1967, when a United left is TFWU leader Antonio Orendain .. Workers at big citrus ranch came to El TFWU', Box 1493, San Juan, Texas Farm Workers drive was brutally Cuhamil asking union to represent them and organize strike. 78589.

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 17, 1975 13 Lessons af the strike mi attaEk:· test IIJ By Cindy Jaquith largest profits they have had in years. Although coal is flowing freely again The union has also launched an from the minefields of Appalachia, the ambitious drive to organize the'nonun­ struggle that erupted there in August, ion mines, with mixed results. There culminating in a strike of 80,000 have been some important successes, miners, is far from over. most notably in the antiunion bastions The month-long walkout by United of eastern Kentucky. Mine Workers members has renewed Another campaign initiated by Mil­ speculation over the state of the union· ler is the improvement of pension - and the problems facing its reform funds, retirement benefits, and black­ leadership, headed by President Ar­ lung compensation. nold Miller. All these efforts run directly counter to the plans of the coal companies. In August strike their view, the time is ripe to expand The August strike exploded over the the industry, taking advantage of the issue of grievances: the bosses' refusal energy crisis to make superprofits.­ to settle grievances quickly at the mine They key to this expansion is getting site, as the contract demands, and the coal out of the ground by the their frequent use of court injunctions fastest and cheapest means. and fines to halt local strikes. This dictates cutting back on the The miners charge that the compa­ already minimal safety and environ­ nies have deliberately violated the mental standards in the industry. grievance procedure ever since the new Already the effect can be seen: in the contract was signed in December 1974. first six months of 1975, seventy-six As a result, thousands of protests miners were killed, nine more than lodged by miners-against unsafe during the same period last year. working conditions and other problems-have gone unanswered, Housebreaking officials leaving the workers no other means of To accomplish their goals, the coal defense but to strike. operators either have to housebre~k The August strike began in southern West Virgi11ia miners demonstrate during August strike the UMW leadership or they have to West Virginia, over the firing of a local undercut their authority and discredit union president, and quickly spread to them in the eyes of the membership. seven other states. The bosses appear to be employing For the Miller leadership, this power­ calling for government intervention to were twenty years behind those of both strategies at once. ful walkout represented a big test. smash the strike. other unions. On the one hand, they have put Miller, Mike Trbovich, the vice­ It was only after Labor Day that the Of the steps taken to reform the tremendous pressure on Miller to president, and Harry Patrick, the miners finally went bac}t to work, union, those introducing democracy "discipline" his members. The demand secretary-treasurer, were elected to pressured by millions of dollars in have proved most irksome to the that he police the union has come from office in 1972 on a program pledged to fines and possible jail sentences, and bosses, because they can no longer the companies, the courts, and govern­ rank-and-file democracy and struggle confused by the unwillingness of the make deals at the top behind the backs ment mediators, backed up by huge for better working conditions in the international officials to support the of the ranks. fines and the threat of new legislation mines. strike. UMW members now vote on all to strip the union of its independence. They had led the national strike in contracts, for the first time in their By bending to this pressure during 1974 that culminated in the signing of Unauthorized strikes? history. the August strike, Miller isolated a new contract containing substantial As the strike drew to a close, the The union districts placed in receiv­ himself from his supporters in the ership have regained the right to elect gains for the union membership. Now International Executive Board of the field. the UMW leadership was confronting union endorsed a ten-point resolution their own leadership and run their own In the meantime, his refusal to a deliberate and open violation of that on how "unauthorized work stop­ affairs. champion the demands of the strike contract by the mineowners. The UMW pages" would be dealt with in the · Union institutions, such as the permitted enemies of the reform membership expected its leaders to future. The resolution passed by a vote United ·Mine Workers Journal, have movement-remnants of the Boyle come to their defense and support the of 22 to 2, with all three international been opened up to the membership, regime-to pose as the "most militant" strike. officers, and all the district presidents becoming a foz:um for their views, strikers and attempt to turn the entire But instead of getting support, the present, voting in favor. suggestions, and criticisms. struggle around, focusing · it on the These steps have strengthened the miners were told by the international The resolution declares null and void demand of ousting Miller from office, union by restoring self-confidence to headquarters, and by most district the tradition of second and third shifts instead of demands against the com­ the membership and making the lead­ offices, to return to work. The unau- striking ff the first shift has walked panies. . thorized strike was a breach of con­ out. ership accountable to the ranks . tract, the officials stated. This did not It prohibits the use of district or The Miller leadership pledged at the ·Red-baiting sit well with the rank and file. "You international union funds to pay fines outset to make safety a priority, and Relying on the old Boyle supporters, can't break a contract that's already or legal expenses incurred during important strides forward have been the bosses have also tried to sow been broke," explained one _young unauthorized work stoppages. The taken. The union has broadly publi­ divisions within the union, primarily miner. union may also try members whose cized the fact that miners suffer the through red-baiting attacks against activities are deemed to "jeopardize the Miller's pleas unheeded highest death rate of all workers, while .Miller and the young staff members he integrity of the union." the mineowners-many of them giant has hired. Despite the pleas from Miller, the None of these measures, the resolu­ oil corporations-are enjoying the Last February, at an International walkout widened. Finally, in exaspera­ . tion states, are to intrude on the right tion, Miller issued a statement August to safety as guaranteed in the contract. 25 saying he had done everything he It remains to be seen how this could to get the membership to return resolution will be applied in practice. to work. He called on the coal compa­ But it is clear that the resolution does nies to "make an equal good-faith ef- nothing to resolve the problems under­ fort." · lying the leadership's difficulties. The "The grievances process was meant real problem confronting the UMW is to resolve honest differences," he said, not "unauthorized work stoppages,'' "but too many companies are using it but company defiance of the contract to avoid giving miners the rights- and and sabotage of the union. benefits they won at the bargaining The bosses have taken a provocative table. stance ever since the signing of the "When the miners react by going out contract. They are still testing the new on strike the companies go to the reform leadership. courts and secure restraining orders and injunctions to bludgeon the men back to work. Old Boyle regime "This process has got to end if there Until 1972, the coal companies were is going to be any hope of labor peace used to dealing with Miller's predeces­ in the coalfields," he said. sor, W.A. "Tony" Boyle. Under Boyle, Miller's appeal for peace did not melt the miners <:ould not vote on their the hearts of any coal operators. They contracts. Many of their districts were just stepped up their slander campaign placed under receivership. Sweetheart against the strikers-hypocritically contracts were the rule of the day. charging them · with violating the By the time Miller took over, the contract-and had friendly judges union had lost many of its contracts, heap heavier and heavier fines on the its pension fund was a shambles, and Miller (right) campaigning for office in 1972. Present UMW leadership won o~fice on union. Some of the bosses even began the working conditions of its members a program of union democracy. It was weakened by refusi'\1 to support stnkers.

14 Milwaukee meeting protests Kissinger ban of Hugo Blanco By Tom Mauer MILWAUKEE-Hugo Blanco rumw couldn't speak as scheduled October 1 Executive Board meeting, Leroy Pat­ at this city's University of Wisconsin, terson, president of' western Ken­ but the 150 people who came to hear tucky's District 23, demanded that the him stayed for a protest meeting that UMW staff be cut and that the "house kicked off a national campaign to force reds" and "radicals" be fired. The Secretary of State Henry Kissinger to people he was referring to are mostly rescind the ban against the Peruvian former activists in the Miners for peasant leader. Democracy movement, former VISTA Bfanco had been scheduled to speak volunteers, and others who helped here and in about twenty other major launch the drive to reform the union. U.S. cities on "Latin America: Conti­ Like all red-baiting attacks, this one nent Without Justice," as part of a tout is a smoke screen to cover up the real coordinated by the U.S. Committee for disagreements people like Patterson Justice to Latin American Political have with the Miller leadership. What Prisoners. Patterson really opposes are the demo­ The.tour was sabotaged, however, by cratic reforms and the new, militant Henry Kissinger and the U.S. govern­ image of the UMW. ment. They've banned Blanco· as For example, one target of red­ "ineligible" for a visa under a McCar­ baiting has been Don Stillman, editor thyite thought-control law, citing al­ of the United Mine Workers Journal leged "classified information" as the and the person most responsible for basis for the denial. transforming it into an educator and At the protest meeting, Mirta Vidal, organizer of the miners. a member of USLA's natiorial staff, The conservatives in the union have blasted the government's antidemo­ Blanco charges he was barred because Kissinger fears disclosure increasingly sought to censor the cratic procedure and said Kissinger government's role in Latin American repression. Journal. They have had some success. was "afraid of exposing himself as the According to the August 12 Wall Street world's number one subversive." Journal, one article withdrawn from She noted Blanco was an eyewitness touches on minority groups calling for She was held without charges for publication was a story tying Alabama to the coup that overthrew the Allende change." thirteen days. Most of that time, she Gov. George Wallace to the defeat of government, a coup masterminded by Baez said the fight for Blanco's visa reported, "I was depnved of food, UMW-backed legislation in that state. Kissinger. Obtaining a visa for Blanco, should be taken into the Chicano and water, and sleep. They tried to rape me Stillman is now leaving the United Vidal said, "would be a blow to the Puerto Rican communities, where po­ several times." Mine Workers staff, a~ are several government's policy of trampling on tential support is vast. Nevertheless, Congers said she re­ other younger staff members who have our right to know the truth about the Blanco himself spoke to the meeting ceived "red carpet treatment" com­ been with the reform movement since United States' dirty tricks abroad." through a tape-recorded message tele­ pared to Chilean prisoners she saw the beginning, including attorney Vidal said USLA is on an all-out phoned to the United States from tortured with electrical shocks, beat­ Joseph "Chip" Yablonski. campaign to reverse the Kissinger Sweden, where he has been living in ings, and near-drownings. decision and win support for "the exile. The meeting was the first of many fundamental right to exchange He explained why the U.S. govern­ that will be held across the country in Counteroffensive needed ideas. . . . By the time we're finished, · ment is trying to keep him out of the cities where Blanco was to have The offensive of the bosses has had Kissinger is going .to wish he had country: "It has been my fate to live spoken. They are being organized by an undeniable effect on the UMW . never denied the visa." through, and it has been my fate to USLA in cooperation with other leadership, shaking its confidence and Don Timmerman, of the Milwaukee know, many. of the barbaric actions groups to protest Kissinger's arbitrary creating divisions among the top three boycott office of the United Farm that the North American government decision and to demand that it be officers. The reason for this success is Workers, told the meeting that the has directed or been complicit with, reversed. the failure of the leadership to meet the effort to bring Blanco into the United both in my country and in other Latin bosses' attacks head-on, exposing their States was linked to obtaining "peace American countries, especially Chile." red-baiting, their hatred for democratic and social justice for our own people." Blanco then gave an almost country­ Two protest meetings were held in unions, and their utter disregard for "The UFW ... is in support of Hugo by-country tour of the "continent Chicago and one in Madison, Wiscon­ the lives of the workers. Blanco's right to enter the United without justice," from the Dominican sin, in the days immediately following The UMW ·has the power to mount States," said Timmerman. "It is every­ Republic, where trade-union leaders the Milwaukee protest. such a counteroffensive. The spontane­ one's duty and responsibility to free­ are imprisoned, to Chile, where thou- At the University of Illinois Chicago ous burst of milit'ancy seen in the dom, justice, and peace." . sands, and possibly tens of thousands, Circle campus, seventy-five people Aqgust strike demonstrated that the Similar sentiments were expressed of people have been murdered by the attended a noontime protest rally rank and file is confident and ready to by David Randall Luce, professor of junta. October 2. be mobilized. philosophy and congressional liaison He ended by appealing to "all those Prof. Otto Pikaza, head of the Latin Unfortunately, the union officials for. the Wisconsin Civil Liberties who are against repression in Latin American studies department on the have failed to recognize this power. Union. "Our right to know is being America and throughout the world" to campus, denounced the denial of Blan­ Too frequently they have placed great­ seriously trampled on by the exclusion act together. co's visa as a "violation of academic er faith in the courts or "friends of of radicals from our shores," he said. "We must make known all the freedom." labor" in the government, and hoped Jack Zipes, of the UWM German repressive acts that go on in Latin Also speaking were Amy Congers, that the coal companies would be Department faculty, said the United America," he said, "and unite all those Mirta Vidal, and Preston Browning, "reasonable." States once welcomed radicals and who are against repression. an English professor. The willful breaking of the contract revolutionaries, but now "the people "It was with that method that my On October 4, another Chicago-area by the companies, with the complicity welcomed are the killers, tyrants, and life was saved." protest also drew seventy-five people at of ·the courts and government inspec­ oppressors of the common people." Blanco was imprisoned in his native the Blue Gargoyle, a church­ tors, demonstrates clearly enough why Tony Baez, Puerto Rican communi­ Peru in 1963 for his role as the central community center in the Hyde Park there is no "peace in the coalfields" ty activist and bilingual coordinator leader of a union movement among area. Among the speakers were Rev. today. The miners can rely on no one for the Milwaukee School Board, also Quechua Indian peasants. An interna­ Gerard Grant, professor of philosophy but themselves to guarantee decent addressed the protest meeting. tional protest campaign forced the at Loyola Univeristy; Lance Haddix, working conditions. "People of the character of Hugo Peruvian. government of that time to Chicago civil liberties attorney who Genuine peace in the coalfields can Blanco are a threat to the govern­ spare his life, and later to release him was an observer at a trial of three only come .about when the companies ment," he said, "because their message· from prison as part of a broad am­ Puerto Rican political prisoners jailed are made to respect the rights of the nesty. A few months later he was in the Dominican Republic; Carlos miners. That will require launching a forced into exile. · Torre, a professor at Northeastern counteroffensive to scandalize these Recently a new military government Illinois University; Mirta Vidal; and profit-swollen· giants. Because of the has come to power in Peru, and has Amy Congers. deliberate manner in which they are promised to permit those exiled by the The night before, 125 people had flaunting their violation of the con­ former government to return to the attended a protest meeting at the tract, they are particularly vulnerable country. University of Wisconsin at Madison. to such a campaign. Blanco announced during his taped Among those speaking was Prof. This class-struggle approach, mobi­ message that he will try to return to Maurice Zeitlin, who was to have lizing the miners and their allies in a Peru in a few days, and will continue introduced Blanco. showdown with the bosses, is the only to fight for a visa from there. Blanco Attendance at the Madison meeting way to force the owners to obey the has pledged to conduct the U.S. tour was boosted by an editorial' in the contract. when the visa fight is won. October 1 Daily Cardinal, which blast­ This counteroffensive cannot be While Blanco was prevented from ed Kissinger's decision as "out­ organized overnight. It will take long, giving an in-person account of right­ rageous" and linked the denial to the patient work, as difficult as or more wing terror and repression in Chile, cover-up of U.S. involvement in the difficult than the struggle to oust the Amy Congers spoke of her experiences Chile coup. Boyle bureaucracy. I~ that struggle, as a political prisoner in Chile. Urging involvement in the protest the miners proved they could take over Congers, a Chicagoan who taught at campaign, the Cardinal said, "Blanco and run their own union. They have . Amy Congers, imprisoned by Chile junta the University of Chile for two-and-a­ ·won't be in Madison on the third, but the power" to accept and meet the new in 1974, desc.ribed torture of political half years, was arrested in October with some hard work he may be here challenge facing them today. prisoners. 1974, thirteen months after the coup. in the future."

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 17, 1975 15 Bitter fruits of Shankerism NYC teachers' contract ripped up; new layoffs, longer pay freeze seen By Catarino Garza extension. The union only appears weak because of Shank­ NEW YORK-Charging that it "gravely violates" • The community school boards have gone to er's policy of tailoring his demands to what the New York City's plans for fiscal recovery, Gov. court for an injunction against the plan to shorten Democrats will accept. Hugh Ca~ey ripped up the United Federation of students' classroom time. Nor is it true that there is "no money." There is a Teachers contract agreement October 7 and sent This plan supposedly increases teacher "produc­ lot of money in this society, a lot of money available UFI' President Albert Shanker and the board of tivity" by scheduling preparation periods during to the government. The question is who will control - education back to "negotiations." What is left to two periods a week when students will be dismissed the money and what it will be used for. That's negotiate is not clear. early. But most parents justifiably consider~ it an where political action becomes so vitally important. This was the first contract to be reviewed by the attack on their children's right to an education. The UFT contract-the first up for negotiations Political action Catarino Garza is · a delegate to the United since the uniol!-busting, service-slashing campaign Shanker's old method of bartering union contribu­ Federation of Teachers Delegate Assembly and of the bankers was launched-'was a test case. tions and votes to the capitalist politicians in return a UFT chapter chairperson. - Everyone was watching. A victory on any scale for a few small co:p.cessions here and there has would have sent the ranks Of other city unions broken down. The Democratic politicians aren't new bank-dominated Emergency Financial Control clamoring to their leaderships for similar action. bargaining this time around. In the name of the Board, which has unlimited powers to oversee New So what happened to the largest and most "fiscal crisis," the very politicians the UFT helped York City's finances. powerful teachers union in the country? elect are sabotaging the schools and trampling on Earlier the same day Shanker had called a news What happened to a strike that union officials the union. conference to threaten legal action if the chaos in and city administrators alike proclaimed almost 100 Mayor Beame is not the object of Shanker's public the schools caused by contract violations was not percent effective? praise these days, but the UFT endorsed him for ended. That was before he was notified there was no Since the strike, Shanker has worked overtime election in 1973. contract to violate. peddling his version of the New York- crisis and the "The mayor knows, far better than the bankers, "Conditions are terrible," Shanker had told course this dictated in the UFT contract dispute. what the city needs. He knows that budgets must reporters. "In some schools, there is a tremendous His analysis boils down to this: reflect human needs, not bankers' needs," wrote Unlike contract negotiations of the past, this Shanker as recently as August 3. year's was with a "boss [that] has no money." If In 1974 the New York State United Teachers there were any money· to be had, Mayor Beame contributed more than $400,000 to Democratic and would have called Shanker to Gracie Mansion, as Republican candidates. The NYSUT backed Carey he and others had done in the past, to work out a for governor based on his "labor record in Con­ deal. gress" and his promise to review the state Taylor Shanker says he was "almost alone" in realizing Law. the real fiscal problems and in opposing a strike. It If he did review it after his election, Carey must was a "no win" situation, UFT leaders privately have found this vicious antilabor law to his liking. decided. But without enough time to convince others For it was put to full use during the teachers' strike, he was right, Shanker went ahead and gave formal including injunctions, fines, and a possible jail assent to the strike, knowing in advance what the sentence for Shanker. outcome would be. Mayor Beame boasts that he hasn't had "any "There's no doubt that in the minds of many of­ problems" with the city unions. When the unions the people the issue was bringing back the laid-off complained about layoffs, Beame says, he told them teachers," Shanker said. But they were wrong, he said. Shanker had already agreed there would be no rehiring. The only question was how much of the UFT's contract was Militant/Lou Howort going to be given away as part of the bankers' SHANKER: Foresees 'years of great difficulty, loss of productivity drive. every city service.' Then gains will 'pop back.' We are in a new period, Shanker has stressed to teachers. "We are going to go through periods of amount of pressure for the union to take additional years of great difficulty in this city, involving the actions." But, he added, if any wildcat walkouts loss of every city service." But, according to the erupt, the union will "urge them to cease." labor prophet, the emergency will be over in three When Shanker was trying to sell teachers on this years, and then benefits and gains that have been settlement, he told us he was "proud of what was pried from our contracts will "pop back." accomplished." Teachers shared little of that pride. Meanwhile, Shanker proposes that we hold tight We could see that the agreement represented an and not do anything rash that might weaken the unparalleled setback. Furthermore, it reduced our union. "We can't use the weapons of the last war to leaders' assertion that we were striking for decent fight the next war," he told UFT chapter chairpeo­ education to idle rhetoric. · ple September 24. "In my history class-fifty-five kids. This is what the strike is all about," a Brooklyn teacher had told New weapons? reporters on the first day of the strike, September 9. So, strikes and confrontations with those who But the negotiations settled nothing except the control the city's finances are declared to be five-day strike. And now even that agreement­ artillery of the past. But for Shanker these weapons which gutted our contract and betrayed our never existed to begin with. And his new weapons supporters-has been dismissed as "too costly." are no different from his old ones. "Decisions still Teachers and parents are indignant. Each day have to be made politically," he said September 24, CAREY, BEAME: 'No problems' so long as unions roll heaps new abuses on the already grossly inade­ meaning teachers should support Democratic and over and play dead._ quate educational system. Republican candidates in the next elections. • Hundreds of grievances have been filed by Shanker is right about one thing. This is a new teachers charging classroom sizes as high as forty­ period, and new weapons are needed. Will things· to come up with an alternative. "As a result, we got five and fifty. Estimates place half the schools' get better in a few years, as Shanker promises? I out of their contracts things we've been trying to get classrooms above last year's contractual maxi­ don't think so. I think the attacks on city unions out-rip-offs-and they went along with that." mums of thirty-two to thirty-four. and social services are going to get worse. Every It's time that Beame's Democratic party had some • Not one teacher has been rehired out of the time the unions give in-on wages, jobs, contract "problems" when it attacks city workers. And it's estimated 17,000 positions eliminated in the school provisions-the bankers come back with another time that we had our own political party-a labor system this fall. The agreement promised to rehire demand. party-to fight these attacks. 2,400 teachers, using money saved by not paying Shanker's "don't rock the boat-the storm will If the decisions are made politically-and they teachers during the strike and using the Taylor Law soon be over" attitude can spell nothing but disaster are-doesn't it make sense to have labor representa­ fines imposed on individual UFT members. for the UFT. Isn't it about time we stood up to these tives making them? Wouldn't union men and Now Mayor Abraham Beame has announced a attacks, before our unions are destroyed? women, elected on a labor party ticket, do better plan to eliminate an additional 20,000 city workers Shanker pretends the union has no choice but to than a Beame who accuses us of "rip-offs" in our this year, primarily, he says, through attrition. go along with Beame and Carey's austerity plan­ contract, or a Carey willing to rip up our contract? There is little question that teachers will be we're too weak to do anything else. But we're not The teachers union is recognized as a force in included in this latest austerity swoop. weak at all. The strike showed that. With the New York State politics, and its support will be • The longevity pay increases and cost-of-living solidarity that was establi~hed among teachers, courted by the Democrats and Republicans in the adjustments frozen only "temporarily" at the time students, and parents, we could have refused to let next elections. It's time that we took our business of the agreement have now been put off for three education be sacrificed for Chase Manhattan's elsewhere. Better yet, it's time we set up our own years, according to Hearne's October 7 _wage-freeze profits. shop.

16 Atlanta AFSCME & teachers map New York united struggle for union recognition By Tony Dutrow ATLANTA, Oct. 6-Four hundred students angry teachers and school board workers packed into a board of educa­ tion meeting here tonight. strike for They had come to hear School Supt. Alonzo Crim reply to contract propo­ sals by their unions, the Atlanta smaller Association of Educators and Ameri­ can Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees Local 1644. classes Crim started by rejecting out of hand By Jane Roland the key demand for union recognition. NEW YORK-"I am a human, not a "The Atlanta Board of Education will sardine" is the rallying ·cry of Brook­ not. give any organization 'of teachers lyn high school students, who have or classified school employees sole, or been walking out of school and boycot­ exclusive, bargaining rights," he stat­ ting classes in record numbers to ed. protest overcrowded classrooms. The school superintendent then Students report up to 90 in academic called on Homer Deakins, the board's classes, more than 100 in hygiene sixty-dollar-an-hour special labor attor­ courses. They are forced to perch on ney, to explain "three areas of confu­ radiators and window ledges, and are sion." lined up on the floor. Deakins told the assembled workers Strikes have taken place so far in at that it would be "illegal" for the board least nine high schools, all in the to grant sole recognition to any labor southern part of Brooklyn. The New gr.oup, to enter into collective bargain­ York Post estimated that 20,000 stu­ ing, or to sign a contract. dents were on strike on Friday, Octo­ He then added that "it would be ber 3. illegal for public employees to strike." The boycott began at Grady High Deakins's words provoked angry School and Fort Hamilton High School chants of "AFSCME-AAE," and "AAE early that week, .and quickly spread to speaks for me." Sheepshead Bay High School, where When Willie Bolden, Local 1644 staff 3,500 out of 3,600 students joined the representative, and Jesse Moore, AAE boycott. executive director, demanded that the Then the students began reaching agenda be changed to hear a response out to other schools in the area, from the two unions, the school board leafleting subway stops and sending adjourned and left the hall. delegations to other schools. Each day The assembled workers then turned more schools emptied out as students the board meeting room into a spirited ran through the halls yelling, "Over­ labor rally. One by one, AFSCME and crowded classrooms-walk out!" AAE members took the floor mike, Students from several schools called their backs to the empty board mem­ a joint demonstration October 6 at bers' seats, and pledged to continue the New York Gov. Hugh Carey's office. struggle for union recognition and a Several hundred turned out and dem­ signed contract. onstrated for four hours against over­ Speakers urged a massive turnout crowding. for a joint AFSCME-AAE "Rally for The huge numbers in each classroom Recognition" scheduled for October 11. this fall are the result of thousands of The rally will be held in the Fox teacher layoffs during the summer. Theater, which seats some 4,000 peo­ Militant/Harris Freeman Students from Fort Hamilton ex­ ple. Willie Bolden of AFSCME Local 1644 (top) and Bill Overton, president of Atlanta plained that thirty-three teachers had The previous Friday night, October · Association of Educators, tell Militant Bookstore Forum what their unions are been laid off in June, and only six 3, leaders of AFSCME and the AAE fighting for. rehired during the summer. addressed the Militant Bookstore For- Student demonstrators urged their um and explained what their unions teachers to support them, and carried are fighting for. "We saw that if we wanted to win and a cost-of-living escalator clause. signs from the recent United Federa­ The AAE is the local affiliate of the against the board, the Ph.D.s and the Earlier in the week the school board tion of Teachers strike demanding National Education Association and D.D.s had to get together with the 'no had distributed the AFSCME and smaller cl~ss sizes. includes 2,200 of the city's 4,000 D.s,' and that's what's happened in AAE proposals to all school employees During the protest, representatives teachers. Some 1,200 of the 1,500 this city," he added. for a "vote"-not binding, of course­ from each sbhool met with one of maids, cooks, and custodians in the Bill Overton, president of the AAE, and held a meeting of administrators Carey's aides to present their de­ schools have signed up with the school told the forum about the origins of the October 2 to tally the results. mands. board chapter of AFSCME Local1644. coalition. "We sat down with CAPE Overton said the real point of this The governor's office insisted that AFSCME's Willie Bolden stressed (Coalition of American Public Employ­ unannounced poll was to pit different the state has no money for education why a show of unity between the two · ees), NEA, and AFSCME officials and groups of employees against each and the city has no money for educa­ groups was needed. reviewed our common problems," he other in the hope of coming up with tion. The students were told they "Dr. Crim used to be able to take the said. · negative votes that would embarrass should petition New York Senators teachers to the side," Bolden said, "We all suffered a salary cut, and 10 the unions. Jacob Javits and James Buckley to "point to the rriaid on her knees, to 12 percent inflation, which is a Through their building representa­ demand that the federal. government scrubbing, and say to them, 'That's a whopping pay cut in itself. We all have tives and stewards, both groups urged . _ release funds. maid and you're a professional person. inadequate supply of materials: cray­ their members to vote "yes" on all This response was poorly reeeived by You shouldn't be concerned with her ons, paper, beakers, and test tubes for thirty-five proposals, and the AAE the rally. The demonstrators chanted, problems.' teachers; while AFSCME complains organized monitors to oversee the vote "Bullshit, bullshit," and demanded to about the quality of mops and brooms tally. know where the money was going. and uniforms. We're all talking about Interestingly enough, the board did Why do the banks have money when not having enough supplies to do our not have ove word to say at its October the schools don't, they asked. jobs, and poor working conditions." 6 meeting about the vote results, and An ad hoc steering committee, made Which Overton said the problems boiled no official report has yet been made up of four students from each school, down to "either pupil load or sweeping public. will meet to determine what further load. We've both been given shabby Ed Fruit, an AAE building represen­ action to take. Way for treatment all the way around." tative, told the Militant why. "At the The New York Student Coalition Overton outlined the five proposals majority of workshops monitored by Against Racism passed out thousands teachers have made to the board: the AAE October 2, there was unan­ of leaflets to publicize the October 6 Teachers? • Recognition of the AAE as sole imous support for the AAE and demonstration and highlight the racist representative of teachers; AFSCME proposals," he said. character of the cutbacks. Sixty per­ Anthology. 22 pp., $.50. • Collective bargaining rights; "Most of the ballot questionnaires I cent of New York high school students Includes: "A Fighting Program for • • A fair grievance procedure; saw simply read, 'AAE speaks for are Black or Puerto Rican. Teacher Unionists," "In Defense of • Reinstatement of dues checkoff, me,' " Fruit added. The student coalition is urging high Quotas: A Reply to Shanker," taken away seven years ago; and The Militant Bookstore Forum also school students involved in this fight "'Teacher Unity' in New York: The • No reprisals against AAE mem­ heard pledges of campus support to the to attend the upcoming National Real Record," and "Teachers hers for their activity in the dispute. two unions from Steven Marshall, Student Conference Against Racism to Discuss the Fight to Defend Jobs, AFSCME has submitted a twenty­ Georgia State University student goy­ discuss these issues further. Salaries, and Schools." nine-page contract proposal covering ernment representative, and Osborne Order from Pathfinder Press, 410 wages, hours, and working conditions. Hart, an Atlanta Student Coalition West Street, New York, N.Y. 10014. It asks for an 18 percent wage in­ Against Racism coordinator from the crease, a thirty-five-hour workweek, Atlanta University complex.

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 17, 1975 I 17 Civil liberties commission finds broad ·rights violations in Dominican Republic By Jose Perez government from seeing any prisoners. ists to "intervene in order to insure A fact-finding commission of repre­ Before returning to their respective that civil liberties and human rights sentatives of U.S. and Canadian civil countries, the commissioners held a are . restored and respected in the liberties and religious organizations news conference at which they issued a Dominican Republic." recently returned from the Dominican lengthy report outlining their findings. Republic and charged that "there is an This was prominently covered by most U.S. complicity extensive and pervasive environment of the major Dominican dailies. The In separate statements to the Wash­ of social and political repression" September 12 La Noticia published the ington news conference, various com­ there. complete text of the report. missioners emphasized the complicity The Human Rights Ad-Hoc Commit­ of the U.S. government and U.S. tee found numerous governmental Repression detailed corporations in the denial of human violations of human rights, including The report synthesized into five rights in the Dominican Republic. beating, torturing, and killing of pris­ general categories the most glaring William Davis pointed to a "similari­ oners; imprisonment of urban trade­ examples of injustices: ty between what is happening in the union leaders and killing of peasant • "Obstruction of Urban and Rural Dominican Republic and what we now organizers; and the curtailment of the Trade-union Organizing." know about U.S. involvement in Chile right of opposition political parties to Among the abuses cited are: block­ and elsewhere." hold public rallies and have their ing the. holding of democratic elections Ida Langman scored the U.S. gov­ views broadcast on radio and televi­ within factories and workplaces; inti­ ernment's history of interference in the sion. midation and firing of union leaders; country beginning with the 1916-24 , The civil liberties group demanded extreme legal and extra legal limita­ occupation by U.S. marines, and that President Joaquin Balaguer free tions on the right to strike; and asked, "are we now helping to keep all political prisoners and "act to put a government funding for "yellow" trade Joaquin Balaguer in power while he stop to these flagrant abuses of the unions created expressly to compete restricts the liberties of all he thinks basic rights of the Dominican people." with indigenous unions. are threatening his regime?" The commission's report was made Mirta Vidal, USLA representative on Ad­ In addition to the three CGT In her statement to the news confer- public at a September 22 Capitol Hill Hoc Human Rights Committee, brought leaders-Francisco Antonio Santos, news conference sponsored by U.S. message back from imprisoned trade­ Julio de Pefia Valdez, and Eugenio Rep. Herman Badillo (D-N.Y.). union leaders: 'Only international Perez Cepeda-Juan Francisco Var­ Last June there was a sweeping protests can free us.' gas, general secretary of the Telephone roundup of opponents of the Balaguer Workers Union, has also been arrested regime and trade-union leaders. on unfounded charges. • James and Margaret Goff, of Among those arrested were three Noticias Aliadas and Latin American • "Absence of Habeas Corpus." central leaders of the Central General Various legal tricks are used to deny Press, two church-related news ser­ de Trabajadores (COT-General Work­ vices. writs of habeas corpus; and even when ers Federation) and three members of these are granted by one judge, more the Puerto Rican Socialist party. The commission interviewed high­ charges are fabricated to prevent ranking officials of the Dominican political prisoners from gaining li­ Solidarity appeal government and the U.S. embassy in berty. In response to this repression, the that country and found them attempt­ • "Inhumane Treatment of Prison­ CGT directed an appeal for solidarity ing to cover up violations of human ers." to U.S. organizations and individuals rights. According to the commission, these through the U.S. Committee for Justice Jose Quezada, administrative secre­ included "frequent beatings, scarcity to Latin American Political Prisoners. tary .to Balaguer, according to the and poor quality of food, and extreme­ Mter receiving this appeal, USLA commission, "informed us that there ly crowded conditions." contacted other groups and the ad hoc were no political prisoners here, but At times, prisoners have disappeared committee was put together to visit the only some politicians who are in pris­ and prison officials have falsely Dominican Republic and investigate on." claimed they escaped. Others have the charges. The members of this Leonardo Neher, political officer of been openly murdered in prison. group were: the U.S. embassy, urged the commis­ • "Arbitrary Prevention of Freedom • Mirta Vidal, of the national office sion to adopt a philosophical view, of Speech and Assembly." staff of USLA; claiming that things weren't as bad in This includes denial of rally permits UAW President Leonard Woodcock sent • Philip Wheaton, advisor to the the Dominican Republic as in a num­ to political parties except for a brief protest message to Balaguer demanding ·Latin American Working Group of the ber of other countries he had worked period prior to elections every two to freedom for Dominican labor officials. U.S. National Council of Churches; m. four years; and censorship of radio and • Edouard Morin, advisor to the Ad­ The commission interviewed lawyers television programs. Hoc Committee on Latin American involved in political prisoner defense, • "Additional Abuses of Human Problems of the Canadian Council of and representatives of religious, trade­ Rights." ence, Mirta Vidal pointed out that the Churches; union, civil liberties, political, and Many Dominicans have been forced charges against the -arrested trade­ • Ida Langman, a representative of news organizations. They met with, into exile for political reasons and union leaders are so patently unjust the Women's International League for among others, leaders of both union many others have been refused reentry that a national convention of Domini­ Peace and Freedom; federations in the country and the into the country. can lawyers called it "the most blatant • William Davis, director of the three major opposition parties. They The commission appealed to groups violation of rights in the last two Office of Social Ministries of the U.S. also spoke with relatives of several such as Amnesty International and decades." Jesuit Conference; prisoners, but were prevented by the the International Commission of Jur- Although the committee as a whole was prevented from meeting with the prisoners, Vidal was able to interview two of the CGT officials after the ban was lifted. Chicago pickets say: 'Free Victoria Three!' Vidal said the CGT leaders told her, By Tom O'Brien The three Puerto Ricans were "We will not receive justice through the CHICAGO-About 100 people arrested after landing in the legal process. Only the pressure of picketed the federal building in Dominican Republic to refuel their international public opinion will free Chicago in support of Angel Gan­ boat, which had gone astray in bad us." dia, Johnny Sampson, and Raul weather. Vidal also released copies of protest Garcia, three members of the Puerto They were tortured and forced to messages to Balaguer from several Rican Socialist party who have been sign "confessions" admitting they North American trade-union leaders. convicted on frame-up charges in had transported guerrillas to the Leonard Woodcock, president of the the Dominican Republic. Dominican Republic from Puerto United Auto Workers, called on Bala­ The spirited demonstrators chant­ Rico. On that basis, the three were guer to "give immediate release to the ed, "Written confessions obtained tried and convicted in July. elected leaders of working people" in by repression," "Gandia, Sampson, the Dominican Republic. y Garcia-victimas de la CIA," and An appeal was scheduled to have "Free the Victoria Three!" La Vic­ been heard October 3. But two days Arnold Miller, president of the Unit­ toria is the prison where they are before, the government dramatically ed Mine Workers, blasted the arrests as being held. announced the "capture" of two of "a gross violation of the fundamental A rally after the picketing heard the three alleged guerrillas, who democratic right of free association Juan Mendez of the PSP denounce supposedly "confessed" to having and free speech." , the frame-up as part of a conspiracy been transported by the PSPers. Other statements from Patrick Gor­ that involves the U.S. government. They were presented to a news man, international secretary-treasurer, Among the other speakers at the conference, but reporters were not and Leon Schachter, international rally was Mirta Vidal of the U.S. permitted to question them. vice-president of the Amalgamated Committee for Justice to Latin At the appeal hearing, a defense Meat Cutters, and from the second American Political Prisoners. motion to call the new prisoners as constitutional convention of the Unit­ Vidal said, "The prisoners are witnesses was denied. A govern­ ed Farm Workers were released. To­ guilty of no crime-the Balaguer ment motion to postpone the hear­ gether the four uniop.s represent 2.3 regime is guilty." ing until a later date was granted. million workers in the United States and Canada.

18 A WEEKLY INTERNATIONAL SUPPLEMENT TO THE MILITANT BASED ON SELECTIONS FROM INTERCONTINENTAL PRESS I A NEWSMAGAZINE REFLECTING THE VIEWPOINT OF REVOLUTIONARY SOCIALISM. ,

OCTOBER 17, 1975

Denounce Franco's executions Protesters take to streets from Turkey to Argentina By Judy White Paredes's attorneys, the three were beaten up by rightists as the police A wave of protest spread throughout looked on. The priest and one of the the world following Franco's execution lawyers had to be hospitalized. of five political prisoners September In an unprecedented action, the 27. The actions included a two-day champion Spanish soccer team Atleti­ general strike in Euzkadi (the Basque co de Bilbao refused to play as an Country),· a boycott of Spanish goods expression of solidarity with the gener­ by European trade-union organiza­ al strike. Another team followed suit. tions, mass demonstrations, and pro­ The general strike was preceded by tests by a number of governments. In what the September 30 Le Monde face of the outcry, Franco ordered a described as "impressive silent demon­ .·mass rally at which the old fascist· strations" in many Basque cities detlounced the protests as part of a September 28. More than 1,500 persons Frankfurt "leftist Masonic conspiracy." demonstrated in Azpeitia, and a silent Details on the general strike were march in Bilbao was attacked by the scant, owing to ·· strict censorship. Civil Guard, who shot and seriously tions for September 29. Le Monde • Ankara and two Argentine cities, However, a New York Times dispatch wounded twelve persons. reported that in most cities of France where Spanish government offices datelined September 30 reported that Internationally, the most widespread large, ·pe~ceful demonstrations took were targets of bomb attacks. · "the second day of a general strike protests took place in France. place. However, tens of thousands of The London-based human rights protesting the executions had even Between seven and eight thousand peaceful marchers in Paris were at­ organization Amnesty International bigger participation than yesterday, persons answered the call of the LCR, tacked by police using tear gas during issued a report September 30 stating when 100,000 responded." The Wash­ OCR, and PSU2 to demonstrate in the protest there. that Basque prisoners have been ington Post quoted Basque sources in Paris September 27, Le Monde report­ The International Confederation of tortured "on a massive scale." The Madrid as claiming that more than ed. These groups were joined by trade Free Trade Unions, with fifty-three group called on the Spanish govern­ 100,000 persons struck in San Sebas­ unionists from the CGT, CFDT, and million members, and the Internation­ ment to investigate the findings and thin and its industrial belt, while FEN.3 Fifty-seven persons were arrest­ al Federation of Transport Workers put an end to a "veritable rampage of 20,000 did not report for work in ed in the demonstration, which lasted called for actions on October 2 by the repression, intimidation and torture." Bilbao. twelve hours and was punctuated with organized working class. A wave of The report from a July fact-finding Le Monde reported that most stores burning and looting. boycotts and work .stoppages was the trip was based on the direct testimony and businesses remained shut through­ In the days following the executions, response. of forty-five Basques and stated that at out Euzkadi and workers held pro­ demonstrations-many accompanied Scandinavian unions banned Span­ least 250 prisoners had been systemati­ longed assemblies in the factories to by violence and arrests-occurred in ish goods and services for up to cally tortured between April 25 and discuss what to do. virtually every city and many towns of seventy-two hours. July 25. On the evening of September 29 a the country. The protesters numbered Air traffic with Spain was also Thomas Jones, an attorney from requiem mass in Zarauz for executed in the tens of thousands. boycotted by workers in Britain, Italy, Washington, D.C., and Burkhard Wiss­ ETA1 ~ember Juan Paredes drew The Communist party, Socialist France, and Belgium. er, a West German philosopy profes-. 5,000 of the town's 15,000 inhabitants. party, PSU, Left Radicals, CGT, Port workers in Britain and the sor, prepared the report, which listed The following day fifty prominent CFDT, and FEN called national ac- Netherlands refused to load or unload as torture methods severe beatings, priests from the region were to hold a Spanish ships, and train service link­ cigarette bums, near drownings, depri­ mass for all five victims in San ing Spain with France and Switzer­ vation of sleep, and psychological 2. Ligue Communiste Revolutionnaire (Rev­ stress created by mock executions, Sebastian. When police denied permis­ olutionary Communist League), Organisa­ land was suspended. sion for the memorial, thousands of tion Communiste Revolution (Communist Protest work stoppages occurred in sexual threats, and threats to relatives. persons demonstrated in the streets Organization Revolution), Parti Socialiste Athens, Rome, France, and West Ger­ A total of eighteen governments had throughout the city. Unifie (United Socialist party). many. withdrawn their official representa­ The same day a memorial mass for The September 30 issue of Le Monde tives from Spain as of October 5. The Paredes in Barcelona was broken up reported street demonstrations in the latest to do so were Canada, Switzer­ 3. Confederation Generale du Travail (Gen­ by rightists. When the officiating eral Confederation of L;ibor), Confederation following places: land, Austria, Luxembourg, Finland, priest left the church with two of Fran{:aise et Democratique du Travail • In all major cities of Switzerland, and Hungary. (French Democratic Confederation of La­ with the largest in Geneva, where Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme 1. Euzkadi ta Azkatasuna (Basque Nation bor), Federation de !'Education Nationale 5,000 persons demonstrated. Police announced that the Social Democratic and Freedom). (National Education Federation). attacked the protest, leaving sixty party would send $46,000 to opposition wounded and six imprisoned. groupings in Spain to help end the rule • In Italy, 50,000; Belgium, 2,000; of "satanic murderers." Stockholm, 10,000; Norway, 1,000; The Common Market suspended Britain, 500; Salonika, several thou­ trade negotiations with the Franco sand; Athens, several hundred; New government. Ytlrk; Columbia; and East and West Mexican President I:.uis Echeverria Germany. · ordered all unofficial Spanish govern­ Accounts from other sources reported ment offices in Mexico closed, as well that actions also took place in: as those of the Spanish tourism and • Venezuela, where demonstrations news agencies. Mexico has not had continued for three consecutive days diplomatic relations with Spain since and involved thousands. the end of the Spanish Civil War. • Mexico, where thousands were Suspensions were also ordered of all expected to tum out for a march plane flights and financial operations October 3. between the two countries. Le Monde/Piantu • Vienna, where 1,000 marched. Continued on page 22

19 World Outlook

Congressional leaders knew of Qlot CIA's secret orders: f~ment civil war in Angola, aid By Michael Baumann 200 Chinese military advisers were sources said, led to the reactivation of operating from bases in Zaire to help Holden Roberto, head of the National Sharply reversing Washington's at least one of the two liberation fronts Front for the Liberation of Angola, the previous policy of maintaining that being supported by Washington.'' man chosen in 1962 by President John there has been no clandestine CIA CIA funding of Portuguese political F. Kennedy and the C.I.A. to forge a intervention in Portugal, "four official parties represents a departure in Wash­ link between the United States and the sources" have revealed that the White ington's policy, Gelb claimed. indigenous groups that were expected House secretly ordered the CIA into "Until the spring, most of the West­ to drive Portugal from Angola one day. action against the Portuguese revolu­ ern aid to anti-Communist forces in tion several months ago. Portugal was being given secretly by "As described by these sources, the Instead of poison pellets fired from the West German Social Democratic main purpose for the covert American dart guns to dispense with troublesome party and the Belgian Socialist party effort in Angola was to underline the political figures, this operation repor­ without any American involve­ Administration's support for President tedly involved channeling millions of ment.... Mobutu, the man on whom Secretary dollars to the Portuguese Socialist "The C.I.A. cash-funneling opera­ of State Kissinger is banking to oppose party and "other parties." tions ·to Portugal were said to have Moscow's interests in Africa and to The same sources also said that the revived dormant but traditional con­ further Washington's interests in vari­ CIA has provided material aid, includ­ nections between the agency and anti­ ous international forums." ing arms, to the FNLA and UNITA 1 in Communist West European· socialist Part of the bargain, the sources said, an effort to influence the outcome of and labor movements. . . . was to let the CIA keep its largest Ceylon Observer/Wijesoma the liberation struggle in Angola. "The funds going to Portugal from African station in Zaire. The first public disclosure of these the United States and Western Europe Washington's planning for this ef­ CIA operations came in a front-page were said to be aimed at keeping non­ fort goes back to the early 1960s, Gelb on the grounds that exposing hitherto article in the September 25 New York Communist parties intact, in the said. At that time the White House secret operations would "result in Times by Washington correspondent streets, and in the business of compet­ concluded that Lisbon could not retain grave and irreparable injury to the Leslie H. Gelb. ing with the Communists for the control over its African colonies inde­ interests of the United States." "Millions of dollars are .being poured support of military leaders and soldi­ finitely and that contact should be The second indicator that the disclo­ covertly into Portugal and Angola by ers.... " made with some of the leaders of the sures were decided on by the White East and West, according to four liberation movements. "In 1962, on the House is the fact that Ford. himself official sources in Washington," Gelb All Rules Obeyed advice of the C.I.A. among others, Mr. tried to steer reporters toward the story wrote. "The funneling of the funds is To be sure, everything was done in Roberto, the brother-in-law of General the week before. part of the continuing struggle for strict accordance with new congres­ Mobutu, was selected as a future leader "The President almost blew the control of the Mediterranean and for sional rules regarding supervision of for Angola. whole Portugal thing last week in his influence and raw materials in Central clandestine CIA operations. "The sources said that from 1962 to interview with The Chicago Sun­ Africa. "The sources maintained that Wil­ about 1969, the C.I.A. supplied Mr. Times," one of the Times sources said. "United States money for the Portu­ liam E. Colby, the director of the Roberto with money and arms, but to "But nobody picked him up." guese Socialist party and other parties agency, had notified members of six little avail. At that point, they said, he Gelb explained: "This was a refer­ is being funneled by the Central Congressional subcommittees several was deactivated and put on 'retainer.' ence to Mr. Ford's reply to a question Intelligence Agency through West months ago of the covert operations, "Mr. Roberto was reactivated this about the absence of C.I.A. involve­ European Socialist parties and labor and that no serious objections had spring, according to the sources, at ment in Portugal. He noted 'our strong unions, the sources said. The C.I.A. been raised. Mr. Colby gave the notifi­ about the time it became clear that the stand' along with NATO allies against involvement, the sources said, amount­ cations after the operations were then Communist-leaning government a Communist government in Lisbon, ed to several million dollars a month already under way, as he is permitted in Portugal ordered its armed forces in then said: 'I don't think the situation over the last several months." to do under the law." Angola to give active support to the required us to have a major C.I.A. The reported CIA operations in Soviet-backed Popular Movement for involvement, which we have not had.' Angola and the assessments upon the Liberation of Angola headed by "The source was pointing to the fact 'Minor' Effort? which its course of action was purpor­ Agostinho Neto." that Mr. Ford was not denying that the Gelb portrayed this effort as minor tedly based were described in unusual The CIA is also said to have recom­ C.I.A. had an involvement." From this compared with Soviet and Chinese aid. detail. mended throwing support behind Jo­ it was a short step to providing "It is also reliably reported that the "The sources said that the funds nas Savimbi, the leader of the UNITA. sufficient detail to assure major cover­ Soviet Union and its East European earmarked for two anti-Soviet libera­ Thus, by this account both Washing­ age in the main daily newspapers. allies have poured $50-million to $100- tion fronts in Angola had been dis­ ton and Peking were backing the same A certain overhead cost was in­ million into Portugal since April, 1974, persed mainly through President Mob­ groups as a counterweight to the volved in making the revelations. In and hundreds of tons of military utu Sese Seko of Zaire. In order to MPLA. How far this cooperation is addition to throwing four allegedly equipment into Angola since March maintain good relations with Mr. supposed to have gone is left unclear. loyal CIA foreign agents to the alone. Mobutu, the State Department has "It could not be learned whether wolves, the disclosures exposed as bald "The sources also said that about been seeking to arrange a refinancing Chinese and American officials had lies earlier White House statements of hundreds of millions of dollars in ever discussed or sought to coordinate that whatever "excesses" the CIA Zaire's short-term debts and to in­ their efforts against Mr. Neto. What may have been guilty of in other 1. Frente Nacional de Liberta~ao de Angola countries, at least its hands were clean (Angolan National Liberation Front). Un­ crease American aid to Zaire to about was learned was that American funds iao Nacional para Independencia Total de $60-million this year, from about $20- were being used to buy arms for both in Portugal. Angola (National Union for the Total million. Mr. Roberto and Mr. Savimbi, and that Only a few weeks previously Mr. Independence of Angola). ". . . the operations in Angola, the the Chinese were providing military Ford had said in an interview: Some advisors for Mr. Roberto and perhaps W:est European governments are "help­ for Mr. Savimbi as well." ing their Social Democratic friends in Portugal. "I think it's very tragic that, because of the CIA investigation and all the A Deliberate Leak limitations placed on us in the area of There is every indication that these covert operations, we aren't able to disclosures are a calculated ploy on the participate with other Western Europe­ part of the White House. For one thing an countries.'' (U.S. News & World there was no outcry from the CIA, Report, August 11.) despite the fact that an unchallenged Ford's mouthpieces in the bourgeois report of this nature would presumably press had long played the same lying at least reduce the usefulness of theme: alleged CIA agents Soares, Mobutu, • "We learned from Chile what Roberto, and Savimbi. For example, happens when the CIA moves into a how persuasively will Mobutu be able country to block a possible Communist to "further Washington's interests in take-over. · various international forums" if he "We are about to learn from Portugal remains identified as a pliant tool of what happens when the CIA is no the CIA? . longer able to play such a role." Consider by way of contrast the (Columnist Joseph C. Harsch, in the sustained legal battle mounted by the March 20 Christian Science Monitor.) CIA in 1973 and 1974 to suppress the • "There appears little that the book The CIA and the Cult of Intelli­ United States can do either to block a gence. After failing to halt publication leftist dictatorship or keep Portugal a altogether, the CIA ordered the dele­ useful member of NATO. Our close ties Angolan capital. Bullets were paid for by CIA. tion of 339 passages of varying length with the old rightist dictatorship, and 2Q Portuguese rightists the current incapacitation of the CIA's If the Catholic church and other foreign operations branch, ensure a elements thoroughly discredited by hands-off stand." (The editors of the nearly fifty years of Salazarist rule Washington Post, July 22.) could begin to make a comeback by • Kissinger ·"promised [August 14] taking "defense of democracy" as their that the U.S. would do whatever watchword, what is to stop the CIA­ possible to prevent a Portuguese 'an­ whose difficulties are of a more recent tidemocratic and doctrinaire minority' vintage-from adopting the tactic? from seizing power there. Just what How did it happen that the CIA, an form this support might take wasn't organization whose crimes have been stated. Both President Ford and Secre­ so widely exposed, now believes that it tary Kissinger have complained that can get away with using the issue of the Central Intelligence Agency, due to democracy as a cover for its open its current political problems, isn't able intervention in Portugal? to conduct covert operations in Portu­ Responsibility for this must be gal on behalf of anti-Communists." placed squarely with the Portuguese (Robert Keatley, in the August 15 Wall Communist party and its ultraleft Street Journal.) followers. The CP's campaign against Now that Washington admits hav­ bourgeois democracy has once again ing ordered the CIA into action in helped convince millions that social­ Portugal, what about the rest of the ism is synonymous with the end of story? Is there any reason to assume democracy. The Portuguese Stalinists that the operations it has so far could not have done a better job of acknowledged constitute more than a paving the way for the CIA if they small part of its actions? themselves had been paid by Washing­ It would be interesting to know, for ton. example, what role CIA provocateurs / played in helping whip up the wave of CIA Laundry Service rightist attacks carried out on the Portuguese Socialist party leader headquarters of the Communist party Mario Soares has denied that the SP and other workers organizations in the ever took funds from the CIA. When he north of Portugal in July and August. learned that the State Department at An extremely active role would certain­ first refused either to confirm or deny ly fit the pattern of previous CIA the Times report he said, "That's a handiwork in Chile, Cuba, Guatemala, mean trick of the United States gov­ and Iran, to name only a few exam­ ernment, because we didn't receive any ples. _money .... Maybe there has been some diplomatic support, that sort of Ford's Bid to the Ultraright thing, but no money." Gerald Ford has made no secret of On September 26, however, a State Was CIA money a factor in rightist attacks on Portuguese Communist party? his thirst for the Republican party Department official confirmed the nomination for president in the 1976 Times account, saying .that the CIA election. had been sending $2 million to $10 tial following? The ultraright outfit The masses in Portugal have won In a party that is at present content million a month to the SP. backed by Spinola and currently head­ big gains. Despite some setbacks, they to dispense with any pretense of The two accounts are not nocessarily quartered in Spain? We aren't told. have yet to be defeated. Through supporting liberal reform so as to hold contradictory. No one has claimed that Such information would not further detente Washington has combined on to its hard core of conservatives, the CIA simply gave the Sl! a check the CIA's image as Portugal's most · with Moscow in efforts to derail or Ford need not fear a challenge for the each month. The money, it is said, was stalwart defender of democracy. crush the revolution. But within this nomination from his left. channeled to the SP through the Nor are we told anything about the agreement both sides have also re­ The far-right wing of the Republican European Social Democratic parties CIA's relationship with the MFA,3 the tained for themselves the right to party on the other hand offers poten­ and unnamed European unions. political arm of the military hierarchy, jockey for position. tial challengers who must be undercut. Thus, unless one wishes to argue the real government in Portugal. How Washington's normal channels are An additional threat is a third-party that the Portuguese SP has no right to many millions has the CIA poured into blocked. The Salazarist forces it sup­ push by racist Alabama Governor accept funds from Social Democratic its coffers? ported for nearly five decades are of no George Wallace, who in a general parties and unions in Europe, responsi­ When MFA Cabinet ministers Jorge immediate political use-they are too election would be competing with Ford bility for giving the CIA an entry Correia Jesuino and Jose da Costa discredited. Thus it has for the time for the same reactionary vote. belongs in the first place with the Martins visited Washington in May for being chosen to back the Portuguese It is this context that helps explain conduits that agreed to "launder" secret talks with the White House, SP, hoping thereby to gain some why the White House deliberately Washington's money. Costa Martins told the press: "The leverage in the revolutionary process leaked some aspects of its secret The fact that the SP, the party that United States Government has shown that is unfolding. When the SP is operations in Portugal and Angola. is supported by a majority of the real understanding for Portugal. It exhausted or broken, Washington will Ford is in effect telling the right wing Portuguese working class, may have doesn't intend in any way to become then go all out in backing formations of the Republican party that although accepted funds that originated with hostile to Portugal. Quite the contrary, further to the right. his hands are tied to a certain extent the CIA does not mean that it is the the United States intention is to give The CIA's reported course of action by all the unfavorable publicity the spearhead of reaction. What it does us help." (Quoted in the New York in Angola is similar. CIA is getting, he is doing the best he show is the dangerous consequences of Times, May 18.) · The MPLA is at present lined up can in a difficult situation. the reformist course being followed by What kind of help? The latest disclo­ with Moscow, its major source of In Ford's view, the importance of his the leadership of this party. sures reveal that this visit immediately material aid. Washington and Peking bid for another term in office far The wrong course followed by the preceded Ford and Kissinger's decision have given their backing to the two outweighs any damage the disclosure Soares leadership is its continued to order the CIA into action in Portu­ other major groups. This lineup of may do to the CIA's alleged accom­ reliance on the European Social Demo­ gal. Is this what was discussed behind forces could change, for there are no plices in Lisbon, Kinshasa, and Luan- cratic parties, the same force the CIA the closed doors of the White House key differences of program between the da. · looks to in its search for instruments to and State Department during the MFA three liberation groups. In addition, the disclosure is de­ help stabilize capitalist rule in Europe. ministers' visit? There is nothing unusual about this signed to help polish the CIA's badly The party's real base of strength is the Costa Martins also met with George situation. Nationalist movements seek tarnished image. At a time when there Portuguese masses, who have shown Meany, president of the American to exploit whatever contradictions is an outcry in the United States for their readiness again and again to go trade union federation AFL-CIO, who exist among the world powers. They the CIA to be curbed or even abolished into the streets in defense of the gains has for decades helped the CIA chan­ are forced to seek material aid, includ­ altogether, Washington leaped at the of the revolution. It is here that the SP nel funds to anti-Communist unions ing arms, from any available source, ('pportunity to defend the CIA by should have turned for support. abroad. and no one can deny them the right to claiming that it was necessary to help The consequence of Soares's refor­ "Mr. Meany was like a grandfather do so. uphold democracy in Portugal. mist course has been to make the SP to me," Costa Martins said, "very The test to be put to a national • an inviting target for CIA intrigue. friendly and understanding." (New liberation movement is not the source It was not entirely original in this. A As of September 28 nothing had Y9rk Times, May 18.) of its arms, but whether or not it has few months earlier the reactionary been heard from the mysterious un­ made political concessions-either to forces in the north of Portugal took named "other parties" referred to in 2. Partido Popular Democratico (Democrat· imperialism or Stalinism-to obtain advantage of the divisions in the the Times account as having also ic People's party). them. This is the central question, and Portuguese working class to mount an received funds from the CIA. Which only the course of action followed by assault on the Communist party in the parties were they? The PPD,2 the only 3. Movimento das Forcas Armadas (Armed the contending groups will provide the name of democracy. probourgeois party with any substan- Forces Movement). !mal answer. ·

21 World Outlook

... Spanish executions World news notes

Continued from page 19 primarily directed against foreigners. The Ankara city _government ordered Like the repressive crackdown of the Israeli racists demand 'Arabs out!' all electricity and water cut off from last few months, their prime target is the Spanish embassy for one week. the domestic critics of the Franco The following is from an article in the July 20, 1975, issue of Maariv, regime. one of Israel's largest dailies: The Franco dictatorship responded . Ascensi6n Lopesino Alvarez; a fifty­ "Residents of Upper Nazareth are threatening massively to abandon quickly to the wave of demonstrations. year-old woman, was one victim of the the town and to move to neighboring cities, if nothing is done to The protests from abroad were "an post-rally frenzy. When she shouted prevent the penetration of Arab families into that section of the city intolerable aggression against Spanish that a roaming group of rightists was and particularly into the housing projects in which they reside. sovereignty," Premier Carlos Arias "a disturbance of public order," they "The residents are also threatening to demonstrate and to organize a Navarro said on national television turned and beat her up, the October 6 general strike throughout the town; . . . A few have also stressed that September 30. New York Times reported. they would not hesitate to use force, if nothing is done to prevent 'the The Franco government is not afraid And that was not all. Alvarez was transformation of Upper Nazareth into an Arab town.'" of isolation, Arias continued, asserting rescued by two policemen who thefl Although Arabs constitute only 15 percent of the town's population, that it would continue to act "with the arrested her. She was ordered held the report said, "The residents complained that the situatiqn was serene and firm certainty of meeting without bail for violating the "antiter­ intolerable and that one Arab family or more existed in almost every its inescapable obligations without rorism" law, one provision of which house.'' being intimidated." makes it a crime to defend or encour­ To back up these assertions, a mass age Communism, separatism, anarch­ Morgentaler refused parole rally was called for the following day ism, or violence. She was fined $1,700 The National Parole Board of Canada turned down a request for in Madrid. The occasion was the and ordered to put up an additional parole for Dr. Henry Morgentaler September 8. Morgentaler is in thirty-ninth anniversary of Franco's $500 to cover other fines that might be prison on charges of having performed illegal abortions, despite the assumption of the title of chief of state. imposed. fact that he has twice been acquitted by juries. United Press International described Moreover, there are mounting fears Parole board official Claude Bouchard cited Morgentaler's "behavior how the celebration was built: that fifteen to twenty Basques arrested in jail" as grounds for denying his request for parole. Bouchard also "The streets of the main Spanish in recent weeks, along with the noted suggested that Morgentaler "could be a danger to society.'' "Some cities are full of leaflets criticizing the feminist writer and doctor Eva Forest, people consider abortion murder," he said. · Western governments and announcing may be brought rapidly to trial despite Morgentaler is still recovering from a heart attack suffered when he rallies similar to the one .planned for official denials. was brutalized by prison guards. Madrid in other, provincial localities. Among the Basques are two top ETA Statements protesting the parole board's decision have been issued One of the leaflets says: leaders, Jose Mugica Arregui and by the Canadian Association for Repeal of the Abortion Laws "'Spaniards: Once more world Com­ Ignacio Perez Boetegui. Forest, Mugi­ (CARAL) and by Doctors for Repeal. munism is trying to enslave Spain. ca, and Boetegui have all been accused CARAL has called a protest rally for October 19 to demand amnesty Everyone must come to the rally. Long of involvement in the December 1973 for Morgentaler and has appealed to groups across Canada to live Spain.' " assassination of Spanish Premier Luis undertake similar actions. · The xenophobic appeal met with Carrero Blanco. some response: Under the "antiterrorism" law, Free imprisoned Chinese Trotskyists! "In isolated incidents occurring in which would apply in their trials, the Following up his propaganda coup last March when he released 293 several Spanish cities, rightists stoned military can arbitrarily set the time of Kuomintang war criminals and other reactionary opponents of the consulates and offices of foreign the proceedings once the prisoners Chinese revolution, Mao Tsetung has now freed another 144 prisoners. firms," UPI reported. have been officially indicted. Defense This time, "95 special agents and 49 crew members of vessels carrying More than 100,000 persons turned attorneys then have four hours to read armed agents" captured between 1962 and 1965 were s.et free, the New out to hear the general denounce the charges against their clients· and China News Agency reported September 22. "Communist terrorist subversions." prepare their case. If convicted of acts · The special agents were given the same choice as those released A dispatch from Madrid in the of terrorism leading to death of public earlier-they would be given jobs and citizens' rights if they chose to October 2 New York Times described officials, the defendants are automati­ remain in China, or they could return to Taiwan. Ten in the first group the event: cally sentenced to death. No judicial who chose Taiwan, however, got only as far as Hong Kong. The gang "His hands trembled and his diction appeal is permitted. This is the law in Taipei would not accept them back. was hard to understand. But the crowd that was used to convict the five Le Monde's correspondent in Peking speculated that Taiwan will massed in Oriente Square chanted. prisoners executed September 27. fmd it a little harder to refuse entry to the latest bunch-their 'Franco! Franco!' and called him back As Edwin McDowell commented in counterrevolutionary credentials are much more recent. for three more appearances. the October 2 issue of the Wall Street As for the Trotskyists still locked up in Mao's prisons, however, not a "A large number of people had been Journal: hint has been forthcoming that they might benefit from the same brought in from Jhe provinces, govern­ "The immediate targets of the crack­ generous treatment Mao is now handing out to convicted war ment employes and other workers had down are extremist Basque separatists criminals and Kuomintang agents. In fact, since 200 Chines~ been given the day off, schools were and urban guerrillas who have killed Trotskyists were seized in midnight raids in 1952 and 1953, the regime closed and organizations of veterans some 15 policemen and 30 civilians has not even acknowledged their existence. and other rightists were out in force to this year. But the vigor of the anti­ Revolutionists like Chen Chao-lin, Chiang Tseng-tung, Ho Chi-sen, lead the crowd in patriotic chants and terrorist campaign, and the scope of Ying Kwan, and others are rotting in Mao's prisons. Their ranks - in the outstretehed Fascist salute. the law which decrees punishment include founders of the Chinese Communist party, veterans of the "There were similar demonstrations even for those guilty of showing 1925~27 revolution, and leaders of the struggle against Japanese in other cities.'' 'sympathy' for separatists, terrorist imperialism. Following the rally, groups of groups or illegal political organiza­ Mao, bureaucrat that he is, has his own priorities. The Kuomintang rightists roamed the streets of Madrid, tions, suggests that the broader target butchers can be released; Chiang Kai-shek's secret agents pose no demonstrating against foreign embas­ may be to discourage anyone who danger; but the voices of the Chinese Trotskyists remain stifled. If sies and attacking individuals believed might harbor thoughts of · a elementary proletarian democracy is to be observed in China, these to have foreign connections. Portuguese-style revolution in this part revolutionists must be released. But the rightist mobilizations are not of Iberia." Ethiopian unions protest military rule · The Confederation of Ethiopian Labor Unions (CELU), which has 125,000 members throughout the country, released a manifesto September 24 denouncing the policies of the military regime. It threatened a general strike in one month if democratic rights are not restored. The statement by Ethiopia's largest labor federation was the most significant indicator so far of the growing opposition in Addis Ababa to military rule. · The CELU called for the release of CELU President Beyene Solomon, Vice-president Giday Gebre, a11;d General Secretary Fiseha Tsion Tekae, who were arrested by the military regime in September 1974. It also warned that if more CELU leaders were arrested or if the regime interfered with the distribution of the manifesto to workers, "we will stop work immediately and we will not return until our demands are met." The CELU also demanded freedom of the press and assembly; an end to censorship; the right to strike; the right of civilian organizations to elect their own leaders democratically; the institution of a multiparty system; and the release of all detained students, teachers, and labor leaders. It denounced the extension for a second year of the regime's campaign of sending students to the countryside. The CELU called for the institution of workers councils to administer the nationalized companies and for the firing of state managers who were former owners of the companies. Paris

22 D.C. union weighs endorsements Socialist teacher in school bd. race By Craig Landberg the crisis in education: cutbacks, teach­ $107 billion war budget!" the state­ Mpls. WASHINGTON-Two hundred er layoffs, bigger classes, decrepit ment by Martel explained. "By using • members of the Washington Teachers buildings, and scores of illegal trans­ these funds, we could hire every single Union (WTU) attended their first fers of teachers. unemployed teacher, and thereby lower nurs1.ng meeting this school year on September In addition, the school board is class sizes. Funds could also be pro­ 22. A major topic of discussion was the trying to extend the teacher workday vided for badly needed building re­ upcoming campaign for District of by forty-five minutes. The union has pairs, adequate supplies, and a sub­ assistants Columbia school board. been bargaining for a new contract stantial cost of living pay increase." During the previous week the union's since February 1974. Anne Powers, a Martel supporter in Political Action Committee had inter­ To the astonishment of many teach­ the WTU, told the meeting: "The fight to viewed all the candidates and had ers, the Political Action Committee candidates that the WTU supported in drawn up a slate, which it proposed to recommended a number of antiunion the last school board race gave us the the meeting for endorsement. candidates. Prominent among them shaft. Rather than working for us, they save jobs The central issue in the campaign is was Elizabeth Kane, an incumbent worked to add forty-five minutes to our who voted last February to cancel the workday, and to do away with dues By Gillian Ronson WTU contract in an attempt to force checkoff.... MINNEAPOLIS-Under mounting the longer workday on teachers. "Erich Martel is the only candidate pressure from Black, women's and Many teachers were angry at being who stands solidly with teachers in community groups, the administration asked to support candidates who have opposition to the cutbacks we are of the Pilot City Health Center in been among the most bitter opponents seeing and stands for mobilizing our North Minneapolis has backed down ,of the WTU. "Do you mean you want power as teachers to defend our needs from its decision to take away the jobs us to support those board members and to defend education in the dis­ of nine nursing assistants, eight of who tried to take away our contract?" trict." whom are Black. asked one teacher. The remarks by Powers drew a The nursing assistants will remain Members of the Political Action round of applause from the teachers. in their present jobs for thirty days Committee defended their slate by while an ad hoc committee of six saying that they had received "com­ ·Although the meeting eventually community residents and six members mitments." Candidates who had tried voted to support the proposed slate of the health and social services to break the union in the past were (after long discussion and after more committee prepares a recommendation. "reconsidering," the committee than half the teachers had left), At the end of June the nine nursing claimed. Martel's campaign picked up signifi­ assistants were informed that they The only teacher in the school board cant support. were to be replaced with licensed race is Erich Martel, Socialist Workers A number of teachers· approached practical nurses. party candidate for the at-large posi­ Martel to pledge their backing, and The adminstrators ignored the fact tion. Martel, thirty-one, is a teacher at some agreed to help distribute cam­ that the Pilot City Health Center had Cardozo High School and has been an paign literature in their schools. Oth­ been set up specifically to serve the active member of the WTU since 1969. ers stopped at a campaign literature predominantly Black community on A leaflet distributed by Martel sup­ table outside. the north side of Minneapolis. They porters at the union meeting called for Thirty teachers bought copies of the pretended to be unaware that the a crash program of funding from Militant, which featured coverage of patients, the community, and most of ERICH MARTEL: 'Funds for education, Congress to upgrade education. the New York teachers' strike settle­ the medical staff wanted to keep the not war budget!' "We need funds for education, not a ment. nu~sing assistants. They brushed aside the fact that the nursing assistant classification was one of the only ways north side residents had any chance of entry into the health profession. And they stated Strike leader killed by Chicago scab- that the original purpose of Pilot City-to be a community project with By John Isenhower twenty-five-cents-an-hour raise request- Don McFarren, an epileptic, was community input-no longer applied. and Joe Sanders ed by the union. But W. Clement Stone, thrown to the ground, assaulted by The nursing assistants decided to MELROSE PARK, IlL-Despite the who sits on the board of directors of cops and then arrested. At the station fight back. Aided by the Urban - kill~g of their central strike leader, Alberto Culver, "found" $2 million to hou;e he was further charged with League, the Minneapolis Student Da~1d Watson, the arrest of twelve give to Richard Nixon in his 1972 "illegal possession of drugs" for carry- Coalition Against Racism, and other stnkers and supporters, and a threat- campaign. ing his prescription medicine. community groups, they petitioned, ened injunction against picketing, the Rosie Lloyd, one of the strikers, In the face of harassment and picketed, held news conferences, and more t~an 200 st~kers at Capital described conditions inside this chemi- violence, the picket lines remain solid filed a complaint with the state Hu­ Packagmg are .stan~mg firm. . cal packaging plant as "rotten." and spirited. Strikebreakers are greet- man Rights Commission charging Watson, thirty-eight, was v1ce- "With Dave's death," she said, "the ed with jeers and chants of "Scabs go racial discrimination. president of Oil, Chemical and Atomic low wages and everything else we have home." On September 11, 100 people rallied Workers Local 7-507 and an activist in to put up with, we're staying out until outside Pilot City Health Center chan­ the Chicago-based civil rights group we get what we want. What we're Now the company is seeking an ting and carrying signs: "Give Back Operation PUSH. asking for isn't a heck of a lot, but if injunction to limit picketing. Their Jobs NOW" and "Patients Sup­ He was run down by a scab truck we win this one, next time we come At a September 23 meeting at United port the Nursing Assistants." September 9. Watson suffered massive out, we'll be even stronger." Auto Workers Local 6 hall, the strikers After the rally many of the demon­ internal injuries and died an agonizing In addition to the modest raise, the laid out plans to contact other union­ strators went inside to an administra­ death ten days later. The scab driver, union is asking for one additional ists and prominent individuals for tive ad hoc meeting. Representatives of Richard Mitchell, was fined twenty- holiday, increased hospitalization, and support. the NAACP, the Urban League, and five dollars for "failure to yield to a a cost-of-living clause in the second In addition, work has begun to others demanded, "We want the nurs­ pedestrian." year of the contract. counter the conspiracy of silence in the ing assistants to stay." Watson's wife, Gigi, came to the Twelve pickets have been arrested; media about Watson's death and the The fight of the nursing assistants picket lines the night of his death to several have been beaten. One striker, strike. began to draw attention on television urge the strikers to remain firm and and especially in the local Black press. united. The Twin Cities National Organiza­ Watson was singled out, his co­ tion for Women, Black Women United, workers maintain, because of his Workers Rights Center, and Coalition central role in the strike. "The truck of Labor Union Women all declared was going thirty miles an hour," said their support. one striker, when it struck Watson and The nursing assistants' union, Amer­ dragged him into the -middle of the ican Federation of State, County and street. Municipal Employees Local 977, en­ This brutal killing was the second dorsed their fight and demanded the "accident" to result from company resignation of the health center's direc­ strikebreaking. Earlier, Velma Powell tor. was struck by another vehicle and Only after this buildup of pressure suffered minor injuries. and publicity did the administrators The Chicago media have virtually agree to temporarily reinstate the blacked out news of Watson's death nursing assistants. They still face day­ and the strike. to-day harassment from the adminis­ Human life and human needs are tration, and their jobs are not yet valued as cheap in this boss-run secure, but they are continuing to industrial suburb of Chicago, especial­ struggle not only for their own jobs but ly for the predomina.Jitly female, Black, for the principle of community partici­ and Latino work force at Capital pation in running the Pilot City cen­ Packaging. The workers were receiving ter. $2.37 to $3.36 an hour before they went on strike eight weeks ago. Capital Packaging, a subsidiary of M m.::~J~~;,,, the giant Alberto Culver, claims it Pickets outside Capital Packaging. Company is willing to kill to block twenty-five­ cannot find the money to pay the cent raise.

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 17, 1975 23 Calif. socialists launch Senate campaign, nominate veteran Black ri hts activist By Harry Ring advisory board member. LOS ANGELES-The California The Southern California rally heard Socialist Workers party launched its a report on plans for protest meetings 1976 campaign for U.S. Senate with a against the government's exclusion of rally here October 4 and one in San Hugo Blanco, the Peruvian revolution­ Francisco the night before. ary leader, who had been slated to , The party's senatorial candidate is make a U.S. speaking tour. The report Omari Musa, a veteran fighter in the was given by Richard Manriquez of Black liberation movement and a the United States Committee for Jus­ member of the SWP National Commit­ tice to Latin American Political Prison­ tee. ers. The San Francisco rally drew 250 The meeting also heard a telegram of people from throughout the Bay Area, greeting from Ellery Allen, mother of including San Jose, where a new Philip Allen, a young Black recently branch of the SWP has just been convicted on a frame-up charge of launched. To help finance the cam­ killing a sheriffs deputy. The rally in paign the audience contributed nearly turn sent a message pledging support $3,000. by Musa and his campaigners to the In Los Angeles, 200 attended, includ­ fight to win freedom for Allen. ing campaign activists and supporters Discussing the array of political from San Diego. The campaign event forces opposed to the Berkeley teach­ was combined with a celebration of the ers' strike, Phyllis Calechman said the opening of the new headquarters of the SWP has been "the only political group West Side Los Angeles branch of the that has given meaningful support and SWP. The large, modern storefront come out and worked to make our headquarters is located in a busy strike effort successful." shopping center largely patronized by Calechman also said that reporting Militant/Harry Ring on the strike in the commercial media Socialist Workers party Senate candidate, Omari Musa, charged racist mobs had been "unfavorable and dishonest" everywhere are getting aid and comfort from politicians of Democratic and and the only paper telling the truth Republican parties. about the strike was the Militant.

Protest government attacks to stand unequivocally on the side of Socialists, Musa declared, do not Robert Allen discussed the revela­ the undocumented workers, "who are counterpose autos to bombs. To the tions of illegal government attacks being made the scapegoat for the $100 billion arms budget they counter­ against the Black and radical move­ economic crisis caused by U.S. capital­ pose the need for a massive public ments. He explained that the suit ism." works program, hospitals in the barr­ initiated by the SWP and Young ios and ghettos, child-care centers, and Socialist Alliance had already forced Racist offensive mass transportation. the disclosure of FBI and CIA docu­ Musa opened with a denunciation of "We're for the abolition of the ments detailing the incredible extent of the racist policies of the Democratic military budget period," he declared. the government campaign, which, he and Republican parties, expressed in On some issues, Musa said, Hay­ declared, "makes a mockery of the Bill particular by the antibusing stance of den's stand is noncontroversial, such of Rights." leaders of both parties. Musa charged as his favoring jobs for all. Allen declared that the SWP and that the racist mobs are emboldened "But there," Musa said, "the key YSA were principal targets of govern­ everywhere, from Boston to California, question is how you're going to get it. ment attacks because "they propound by the support they are getting from "Are you going to do it by voting in Militant/Harry Ring ideas of democracy and socialism, the capitalist politicians. Tom Haydens across the country? Or Roland Sheppard, SWP nominee for ideas the government wants desperate­ He also castigated the trade-union will it be done by organizing working mayor of San Francisco. ly to suppress at whatever cost, legal bureaucrats, who, he declared; are people to band together in their unions or illegal. selling out the Black; Chicano, and and community organizations, to build "If the government is allowed to women workers hit by discriminatory a political movement that speaks for the Black community in the Crenshaw­ suppress militant or radical groups layoffs. Musa pledged to support the them and is counterposed to the Washington area. because of their ideas," Allen said, fight to amend the union seniority Republicans and Democrats?" Even though many of those present "then it is only a short step to the system to deal with such layoffs. Musa cited a recent research poll had already contributed generously to government attacking you, and you, Musa . blasted the Democratic and that showed a majority of the'" Ameri­ defray the cost of remodeling the new and you for your ideas." Republican parties for being responsi­ can people think both major parties act facilities, the collection for the cam­ Olga Rodriguez made a sharp attack ble for California's restrictive .ballot in the interests of big business, as well paign at the rally totaled nearly on California's Gov. Edmund Brown. laws, which prevent smaller parties as the fact that a third of those polled $1,500. Noting that he had campaigned for from attaining ballot status. think that capitalism has passed its farm worker votes during the election, The SWP, along with La Raza Unida peak. Broad speakers lists she declared, "Today this Democratic party and others, is challenging these "These millions of people are begin­ ' Both gatherings heard Musa; Olga party politician is sitting on his hands undemocratic laws so that the people ning to think they don't need the Rodriguez, a national leader of the while armed vigilantes and Tulare of California will be able to vote for the super-rich to govern for them. Young Socialist Alliance and 1974 County sheriffs deputies are terroriz­ candidate of their choice in 1976. "Working people," he declared, "are gubernatorial candidate in California; ing and jailing United Farm Workers Musa also took up the two conten­ beginning to see that their interests and Roland Sheppard, SWP candidate organizers for exercising their legal ders for the Democratic nomination for come in way-back second to the capi­ for mayor of San Francisco. right to enter the fields to talk to the senator. These are John Tunney, the talists' when they deal with the Demo­ The Northern California rally was workers." She expressed confidence incumbent, and Tom Hayden, who had cratic and Republican parties. They also addressed by Phyllis Calechman, that the SWP senatorial campaign been an antiwar activist and an early are looking around for someone that a Berkeley teacher active in the current would prove an effective means of leader of Students for a Democratic has solutions to their problems." strike there, and Robert Allen, manag­ building support for the embattled Society. In this campaign, Musa said, the ing editor of the Black Scholar. Allen farm workers. Noting that Tunney has been in SWP will present that alternative. spoke on behalf of the Political Rights Rodriguez also predicted that Musa office for five years, he commented, Defense Fund, of which he is an will be the only candidate in the race "There's been no benefit to us. He doesn't support desegregation of the schools. He looks for farm worker votes, but he doesn't support the UFW. Message from Ellery Allen He supports Senate Bill 1-the most [The following message was ings and whose participation in draconian antiliberties bill yet intro­ sent to the Southern California carrying out the work have helped duced." SWP campaign rally by Ellery the defense committee immeasura­ Allen, whose son Philip was bly. As a subscriber to the Militant, Tom Hayden's campaign I know the publicity and support recently convicted on a frame­ Musa also assailed Tom Hayden for you have given to Philip's case, up murder charge.] proposing that people join and work getting out the truth. within the Democratic party. Because I know of Omari's past I am sorry that I have to be out of He told his somewhat surprised efforts in the fight against racism, town this weekend and cannot audience of the view expressed by attend the opening of the Socialist whether it be against segregated Hayden in a San Francisco Bay Workers party campaign headquar­ education, or against police killings, Guardian interview in which he criti­ or in the defense of victims of racist ters and launching of thQ campaign cized the "narrow pacifism" of some frame-ups, I am sure that he will use of Omari Musa for U.S. Senate. radicals. Hayden had asserted that tbe Militant/Harry Philip and I appreciate the work his campaign to continue to build problem of the military budget was not Robert Allen, managing ec!itor of 'Black the antiracist fight. I am confident that the Socialist Workers party as simple as some thought, offering the Scholar' magazine, told rally that Philip's case will get statewide members have done defending Phil­ preposterous argument that poorly government attacks SWP and YSA ip, especially Omari, whose atten­ exposure through Omari Musa's made cars kill more people than bombs because 'they propound ideas of dence at defense committee meet- campaign. in a period when there is no war. socialism and democracy.'

24 '. 'Militant' circulation drive- Door-to-door canvassing wins subscribers By Pat Galligan needed to get the subscription drive on tells us that all but two of their bundle visitors to the new South Side Cam­ We just received forty-four subscrip­ schedule. At this point in the drive to of 375 Militants were sold. Top sales­ paign headquarters purchased the tions from Philadelphia-sold door-to­ win 6,000 new readers by November person Diana Tasciotti sold fifty-two Militant during a September 19 open door in West Philadelphia and Ger­ 30, we should have 1,730 subscriptions. copies. house celebration. "Twenty-two Mili­ mantown on one Saturday afternoon. However, only 914 subscriptions have "We were successful in introducing tants were sold during the week to "The response was excellent," com­ been sent in. the Militant into several new loca­ people who dropped into the storefront ments Jon Flanders. "We also distri­ A total of 6,164 copies of the Septem­ tions," Bloy said. to browse in the bookstore or to find buted brocpures for Socialist Workers ber 26 issue of the Militant were sold in "We sold forty copies in Austin, a out about activities," she added. mayoral candidate Terry Ann Hardy the twenty-nine local areas reporting. Black neighborhood on the far west Hyde Park, where the new headquar­ and the 'Bill of Rights for Working The Militant's extensive coverage of side. People there were impressed with ters is located, promises to be an People."' Chicago cop complicity m terrorist the Militant's reporting on the situa­ excellent sales spot. Another 120 copies Flanders tells us that another sub­ attacks against socialists by the Le­ tion in Boston," he said. were sold in the vicinity that week. scription canvasing day is planned for gion of Justice prompted socialists Another thirty Militants were sold at later in October. there to order extra copies. The ex­ Broadway and Belmont on the North Markie relates an incident that · The Ohio/Kentucky Young Socialist panded sales were aimed at spreading Side. Nancy Rosenstock tells us that illustrates the reception socialists are Alliance team signed up thirty-four the news of these events and at there was considerable interest in the receiving in the area. subscribers in Lexington, Kentucky, establishing Militant sales m new United Farm Workers struggle in An older Black man said as he and Bowling Green, Ohio, during their areas of the city. addition to the revelations about the purchased the Militant: "I always travels to campuses last week. Bruce Bloy from Chicago's West­ Chicago police. thought the Democrats were for the These are two examples of what is North Socialist Workers party branch Members of the new South Side people and the Republicans for money. Chicago SWP branch and YSA local Now, I feel that the Militant and the sold 363 Militants. Marvin Katter took Socialist Workers party are much Sales scoreboard the honors by selling 57 copies. better and more active." Sold Newark, N.J. 75 50 67 Markie Wilson reports that fifty-six We couldn't agree more. last St. Louis 300 185 62 Area Goal week % Twin Cities 300 177 59 West-North Chicago 250 373 149 Lower East Side, N.Y. 250 140 56 South Side Chicago 250 363 145 Washington, D.C. 325 178 55 Denver 275 307 112 Upper West Side, N.Y. 325 156 48 West Side L.A. 75 84 112 Total 7,500 6,164 82 San Jose 100 110 110 Boston 300 320 107 YSA Teams San Francisco 325 340 105 Ohio/Kentucky 90 132 147 Houston 350 360 103 Rocky Mountain 90 121 134 Pittsburgh 275 279 101 Wisconsin 90 112 124 Baltimore, Md. 150 151 101 Mid-Atlantic 90 110 122 Norman, Okla. 10 10 100 Southern Calif. 90 106 118 Albion, Mich. 8 8 100 Missouri/Kansas 60 71 118 Oakland/Berkeley 350 347 99 Illinois 60 66 110 Central-East L.A. 350 325 93 Pacific Northwest 90 90 100 Portland, Ore. 200 184 92 Pennsylvania 90 90 100 Philadelphia 275 231 84 New England 90 88 98 Seattle 275 217 79 Michigan/Indiana 90 82 91 Detroit 375 270 72 Upper Midwest 90 73 81 Brooklyn, N.Y. 300 215 72 N.Y./N.J./Conn. 90 71 79 Atlanta 375 266 71 Northern Calif. 90 65 72 San Diego 200 140 70 Southeast 90 38 42 Cleveland 350 242 69 Texas 60 20 33 'Militant' expose of right-wing conspiracy in Chicago was featured at grand opening Milwaukee 200 136 Total 1,350 68 1,335 99 of South Side branch of Socialist Workers party. New branch sold 363 copies. Bethard denounces death penalty initiative By Harold Schlechtweg added. "The jails are full of Black men whether to prosecute someone for a Bethard, secretary of her local of the SEATI'LE-In an attempt to reverse and women, and most of those on hangable offense or reduce the charge American Federation of State, County the Supreme Court decision outlawing , death row are Black." is left up to a prosecutor," she says. and Municipal Employees and a dele­ the death penalty, an initiative has The Urban League recently joined "And he is most likely to indict gate to the King County Labor Coun­ been placed on the November ballot with the American Civil Liberties someone who is Black." cil, has sharply criticized the aerospace here that; if passed, would restore Union and the State Council of As a socialist Bethard says that she union officials. capital punishment in Washington. Churches to initiate Citizens Against rejects the idea that violent crime can As part of her campaign for city Patricia Bethard, Socialist Workers Hanging, a group opposed to Initiative be eliminated by capital punishment. council, Bethard will speak at the party member and candidate for Seat­ 316. CAH has also been endorsed by "Crime will end when the causes of business meetings of several AFSCME tle City Council position five, has the state NAACP. crime-unemployment, poverty, and locals in King County. She said she vowed to make opposition to the death Supporters of the reactionary discrimination-are eliminated," she hopes to persuade union members to penalty a central part of her campaign. initiative hope to get around the Su­ argues. oppose Initiative 316. "My own local, Bethard took second place in a preme Court decision by making capi­ Partisans of the prohanging initia­ AFSCME 1488, is meeting in a couple "nonpartisan" primary in September, tal punishment mandatory for killing tive scored a victory recently when the of weeks, and I will be pressing for a qualifying her for the November ballot. a police officer or prison guard, killing executive board of Aerospace Industri­ resolution condemning the initiative," Bethard says: "The issue of capital for hire, or killing to cover up a crime. al District Lodge Number 751 voted to she says. punishment is of vital importance to They claim that making it mandatory endorse the initiative. This union is On October 4, socialist campaign Blacks, other minorities, and working will eliminate discrimination. affiliated with the International Asso­ supporters· fanned out from Bethard's people. Initiative 316, which would Bethard disagrees. "The decision of ciation of Machinists. Union Street headquarters in the reinstitute death by hanging, is an Central Area, the heart of the Black attempt to bypass a 1972 U.S. Supreme community. Accompanied by a sound Court ruling that declared the death truck, they passed out literature urging penalty a 'cruel and unusual punish­ voters to oppose Initiative 316 and to ment' and discriminatory against support Bethard's campaign for Seat­ Blacks and the poor." tle City Council. William Rowe, director of community Later_, speaking to supporters at development for the Seattle Urban campaign headquarters, Bethard said League, explained the league's opposi­ that the death penalty initiative had tion to the initiative: provided her with one more reason for "We are concerned about the welfare running against Sam Smith, her Black of the minority community and we see Democratic opponent. "Sam Smith is this initiative as an irrational ap­ president of the city council, but he has proach to solving the problem of failed to use the power of his office to crime." mobilize opposition to this initiative," Rowe noted that the initiative would she said. establish a mandatory death sentence She noted that Smith had received for those convicted of killing a police much of his support from the Central officer. He said he feared thai Blacks, Area, where Initiative 316 is a matter as frequent victims of cop terror, would of vital concern. She said Srriith was be tried under the new law if they were behaving irresponsibly toward those forced to defend themselves. who had supported him in the past. "We are well aware that minorities Em "Smith isn't even talking about the are generally the ~;ecipients of any Patricia Bethard (left), SWP candidate for Seattle City Council, joins United Farm issue," the socialist said, "but we are death penalty handed down," he Workers boycott picket line. doing something about it."

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 17, 1975 25 own recognizance in time to attend a· forces outside the working class to campaign rally that evening. Reid, attain. their ends. When the MFA Hillery, and Faith Shaver, candidate moved to restrict the rights of the SP, Calendar for city council'; Ward Eight, addressed they applauded under the mistaken the 105 people in attendance. Ramona impression that the attack on a refor­ BROOKLYN Oct. 18, 8 p.m. 11A Central Ave. (near Broad St.). SOCIALIST EDUCATIONAL CONFERENCE. Fri., Donation: rally, ·$1; party to follow, $1. Ausp: Austin, a member of the HCWPC and mist workers organization by a capital­ Oct. 17, 8:00 p.m.: Why Women Need the ERA. A Socialist Workers campaign committee. For more the Minority Task Force of the Nation­ ist government would help. the revolu­ panel discussion. Sat., Oct. 18, 11:30 a.m.: The information call (201) 624-7434. al Organization for Women, gave tion. Fight Against Discrimination: The Black Woman's greetings from the caucus. A fund This approach has been reflected in VI-. Speaker: Nan Bailey, member, YSA National NEW YORK: UPPER WEST SIDE the Maoist Guardian newspaper here Executive Committee. 2:30 p.m.: Will Socialism End STRUGGLE FOR WOMEN'S RIGHTS: ERA, appeal raised close to $1,300 for the Women's Oppression? Speaker: Linda Jenness, AFFIRMATIVE ACTION. Speaker: Ruthann Miller, campaign. in the United States. Thus, the Guardi­ 1972 SWP presidential candidate. 136 Lawrence St. 1976·candidate for state assembly, 70th A.C. (New The eighteen arrested were sche­ an's managing editor, Jack Smith, (near A & S). Donation: entire conference and Sat. York); others. Fri., Oct. 17, 8 p.m. 2726 Broadway. duled to appear in court October 8. wrote September 24 of the danger that lunch, $3.50. Ausp: SWP, YSA. For more informa­ Donation: $1. Ausp: West Side Militant Forum. For tion call (212) 596-2849. Hillery told the rally that she is Soares and the SP would gut "the more information call (212) 663-3000. demanding the right to campaign AFM of its militant, progressive CHICAGO PHILADELPHIA downtown, and will seek .support in heart." PORTUGAL AT THE CROSSROADS. Speaker: SOCIALIST CAMPAIGN BANQUET AND RALLY. this fight from her Democratic and The answer proposed by revolution­ Barry Sheppard, SWP national organizational Speakers: Terry Ann Hardy, SWP candidate for Republican opponents, who campaign ists to 'the MFA's attempt to impose secretary. Fri., Oct. 17, 8 p.m. 428 S. Wabash, Fifth mayor; Ed Heisler, cochairperson, Socialist Workers Floor. Donation: $1. Ausp: South Side and West­ 1976 National Campaign Committee. Sat., Oct. 18. 6 in that area free from police harass­ capitalist law and order is not another North Militant Forums. For more information call p.m., refreshments; 7 p.m., dinner; 8 p.m., rally. ment. set of ruling generals, but a workers (312) 939-0737. 2027 Chestnut St. (YWCA), Third Floor. Donation: and farmers government based direct­ dinner and rally, $5.00; rally only, $1.50. Ausp: ly on the parties of the .Portuguese Socialist Workers 1975 Campaign Committee. For working class. CLEVELAND reservations please call (215) WA5-4316. PORTUGAL AT THE CROSSROADS. Speaker: Currently, the ultraleft groups are Barry Sheppard, SWP national organizational PITTSBURGH ... Portugal continuing their policy of acting as if secretary. Wed., Oct. 15, 8 p.m. 2300 Payne, First MASS TRANSIT IN PITTSBURGH. Speakers: Continued from page 4 they have n~ need of mass support. Floor. Donation: $1 Ausp: Militant Forum. For more Kurt Steppling, coauthor of new mass-transit plan; warks against the Portuguese revolu­ information call (216) 861-4166. · Neil Berns, SWP candidate for Allegheny County This has made it easier for the regime commissioner; others. Fri., Oct. 17, 8 p.m. 3400 Fifth tion. to carry out its repressive policies. LOS ANGELES: WEST SIDE Ave. Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant Forum. For more The possibility of a new upsurge of One example of this is that the RACISI\II IN THE SCHOOLS. Panel: Manuel information call (412) 682-5019. the Portuguese revolution that could formation of the new Military Inter­ Barrera, NSCAR; Willie Petty, SWP; others. Fri., regain lost ground and defeat the vention Force came less than one week Oct. 17, 8 p.m. 4040 W. Washington. Donation: $1. WASHINGTON, D.C. · Ausp: Militant Forum. For more information ·call SUPPORT THE WASHINGTON POST STRIKE. MFA's repressive plans continues to after it was revealed that a sympathet­ (213) 735-9801. Speakers: representative of Newspaper and Graphic exist. In this context, the numerous ic officer had diverted 1,000 automatic Communications Union Local 6; representative of ultraleft groups in Portugal bear a rifles to a small ultraleft group. NEWARK Mailers Union Local 29; Cindy Jaquith, Militant heavy responsibility for the current Similarly, the left-wing Ralis light GRAND OPENING RALLY. Opening of Newark Washington Bureau chief; others. Fri., Oct. 17, 8:00 confusion in the vanguard of the Socialist Workers campaign headquarters. Speak­ p.m. 1345 E. St., N.W., Fourth Floor. Donation $1. artillery regiment on the outskirts of ers: Willie Mae Reid, SWP vice-presidential candi­ Ausp: Militant Forum. For more information call working class there. Lisbon has reportedly set up antitank date; Syd Stapleton, PROF national secretary. Sat., · (202) 783-2391. To begin with, the ultraleftists have guns and armed guards outside of its been incapable of educating the work­ barracks. ing class on the elementary need for These examples of "pick-up-the­ independence from the capitalist gov­ gunism" may yet lead to tragic conse­ "A Bill of Rights for Working People." ernment. Instead, they have tailed the quences. The ultraleftists are isolated They cited a number of ordinances CP, giving the Stalinists left cover for from the masses. The demonstrative ... Reid supposedly being violated, including their various governmental maneu­ actions by the ultralefts appear to the Continued from page 3 one that has been defunct for ten vers. masses to be a rearguard defense by On Saturday afternoon, October 4, years-the stipulation that an Ameri­ Almost all of the ultraleft groups the forces supporting the discredited Reid campaigned among shoppers in can flag must be displayed at public joined together August 25 in a bloc Vasco Gon~alves. downtown Minneapolis. As a crowd rallies. called the Frente de Unidade Revolu­ So far, the CP has supported demon­ gathered, Reid urged a vote for Hillery After Reid had left the rally, and cionaria. This grouping was based on strations by a clandestine soldiers' in the November 4 elections. ''The some of her campaign workers were support to Vasco Gon~alves, the for­ front called Soldados Unidos Vencerao Socialist Workers campaign is your preparing to leave, the police moved in mer premier of the Portuguese govern­ (SUV-Soldiers United Will Win). campaign-the campaign of working and arrested eighteen of them for ment. At that time the CP was energet­ These have drawn 10,000 in Oporto, people in the Twin Cities and through­ "obstructing the sidewalk." Hillery ically campaigning for the retention of plus a reported 1,500 uniformed mili­ out the country," Reid said. was among those seized. the Gon~alves government, and the tary personnel, and at least 25,000 Across the street, a handful of At a news conference held outside ultralefts were thus in a bloc with the civilians and 3,500 military personnel uniformed members of the American the police station where the campaign­ Stalinists in support of a capitalist in Lisbon. The danger is that the Na~i party were distributing literature. ers were being detained, Reid blasted government. further reconciliation between the CJ;,» · They had phoned the campaign head­ the arrests as "one more case in a long The ultraleft groups were open to and the MFA indicated by Moscow quarters earlier, threatening to disrupt string of harassments of those with such a bloc because they did not begin and the U.S. Stalinists will leave the the rally. . socialist ideas." The wholesale arrests with the concept that it is necessary to ultraleftists out on a limb, an easy Ignoring the Nazis, the police per­ were the main story on the evening win the masses in order ·to make a target for the military junta and an sistently harassed Reid's supporters, news. socialist revolution. As a minority of object lesson in the campaign for who were distributing her platform- The eighteen were released on their the working class, they looked to other "discipline." Socialist Directory ARIZONA: Tucson: YSA, SUPO Box 20965, Tucson, 1754 E. 55th St., Chicago, Ill. 60615. Tel: (312) brooke Ct., Kalamazoo, Mich. 49007. Tel: (616) PENNSYLVANIA: Edinboro: YSA, Edinboro State Ariz. 85720. Tel: (602) 881-0712. 643-5520. . 375-6370. College, Edinboro, Pa. 16412. CALIFORNIA: Berkeley-Oakland: SWP,XSA, Gran­ Chlcego, West-North: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Books, Mt. Pleasant YSA, Box 51 Warriner Hall, Central Philadelphia: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Bookstore, rna Bookstore, 1849 University Ave., Berkeley, 428 S. Wabash, Fifth Floor, Chicago, Ill. 60605. Mich. Univ., Mt. Pleasant, Mich. 48859. 1004 Filbert St. (one block north of Market), Calif. 94703. Tel: (415) 548-0354. Tel: SWP-(312) 939.0737; YSA-(312) 427-0280, MINNESOTA: Minneapolis-st. Paul: SWP, YSA, Philadelphia, Pa. 19107. Tel: (215) WA5-4316. Long Beach: YSA, c/o Student Activities Office, Pathfinder Books-(312) 939-0756. Labor Bookstore, 25 University Ave. S.E., Mpls., Pittsburgh: SWP, YSA, Militant Bookstore, 3400 CSU, 6101 E. 7tb St., Long Beach, Calif. 90807. Chicago: City-wide SWP and YSA, 428 S. Wabash, Minn. 55414. 'f:el: (612) 332-7781. Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213. Tel: (412) 682- Los Angeles, Central-East SWP, YSA, Militant Fifth Floor, Chicago, Ill. 60605. Tel: (312) 939- MISSOURI: St. Louis: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Books, 5019. Bookstore, 710 S. Westlake Ave., Los Angeles, 0748. -- . 4660 Maryland, Suite 17, S~. Louis, Mo. 63108. State College: YSA, c/o William Donovan, 260 Calif. 90057. Tel: SWP, Militant Bookstore-(213) INDIANA: Bloomington: YSA, c/o Student Activities Tel: (314) 367-2520. · Toftrees Ave. #320, State College, Pa. 16801. Tel: 483-1512; YSA-(213) 483-2581. Desk, Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind. NEW JERSEY: N-ark: SWP and YSA, 11 Central (814) 234-6655. Los Angeles, West Side: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder 47401. Ave. (Central and Broad Streets), Second Floor, TENNESSEE: Knoxville: YSA, P.O. Box 8344 Univ. Books, 4040 W. Washington Blvd. (at Washington Indianapolis: YSA, 3138 Perkins Ct. #C, Indianapo­ Newark, N.J. 07102 Tel: (201) 624-7434. Station, Knoxville, Tenn. 37916. Tel: (615) 525- Square shopping center). Los Angeles, Calif. lis, Ind. 46203. Tel: (317) 783-6447. NEW YORK: Albany: YSA, c/o Mary Ann Kellogg, 0820. 90018. Tel: (213) 483-1512. KANSAS: Lawrence: YSA, c/o Christopher Starr, 468 Madison Ave., Albany, N.Y. 12208. Tel: (518) Nashville; YSA, c/o Warren Duzak, 3523 Byron Ave., Los Angeles: City-wide SWP and YSA, 710 S. West­ 3020 Iowa St., Apt. C-14, Lawrence, Kans. 66044. 463-5330. Nashville, Tenn. 37205 Tel: (615) 269-9455. lake Ave., Los Angeles, Calif, 90057. Tel: (213) Tel: (913) 864-3975 or 842-8658. Brooklyn: SWP, YSA, Militant Bookstore. 136 TEXAS: Austin: YSA, c/o Student Activities, Texas 483-0357. KENTUCKY: Lexington: YSA, P.O. Box 952 Univer­ Lawrence St. (at Willoughby), Brooklyn, N.Y. Union South, Austin, Tex. 78712. Riverside: YSA, c/o U. of Cal. Campus Activities, sity Station, Lexington, Ky. 40506. Tel: (606) 266- 11201. Tel: (212) 596-2849. Dallas: YSA, c/o Steve Charles, 3420 Hidalgo #201, 234 Commons, Riverside, Calif. 92507. 0536. . New York City: City-wide SWP and YSA, 706 Dallas, Tex. 75220. Tel: (214) 352-6031. San Diego: SWP, YSA, and Militant Bookstore, 4635 Louisville: YSA, Box 8026, Louisville, Ky. 40208. Broadway (4th St.), Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. Houston: SWP, YSA, and Pathfinder Books, 3311 El Cajon Blvd., San Diego, Calif. 92115. Tel: (714) LOUISIANA: New Orleans: SWP, P.O. Box 51923, 10003. Tel: (212) 982-4966. Montrose, Houston, Tex. 77006. Tel: (713) 526- 280-1292. New Orleans, La. 70151. Tel: (504) 899-7684. YSA, Lower ManhaHan: SWP, YSA, and Merit Bookstore. 1082. San Francisco: SWP, YSA, Militant Labor Forum, P.O. Box 1331 U.N.O., New Orleans, La. 70122. 70s Broadway (4th St.), Eighth Floor, New York, San Antonio: YSA, 2203 W. Houston, San Antonio, and Militant Books, 1519 Mission St., San MARYLAND: Baltimore: YSA, P.O. Box 4314, N.Y. 10003. Tel: SWP, YSA-(212) 982-6051; Merit Tex. 78207. Francisco, Calif. 94103. Tel: SWP-(415) 431- Baltimore, Md. 21223. Tel: (301) 342-7895. Books (212) 982-5940. 8918; YSA-(415) 863-2285; Militant Books-(415) MASSACHUSETTS: Boston: SWP and YSA, Militant Upper West Side: SWP, YSA, Militant Bookstore, UTAH: Logen: YSA, P.O. Box 1233, Utah State 864-9174. Forum, 655 Atlantic Ave., Third Floor, Boston, 2726 Broadway (104th St.), New York, N.Y. University, Logan, Utah 84321. San Jose: SWP and YSA, 123 S. 3rd St., Suite 220, Mass. 02111. Tel: SWP-(617) 482-8050; YSA­ 10025.Tel: (212) 663-3000. WASHINGTON, D.C.: SWP, YSA, Militant Book­ San Jose, Calif. 95113. (617) 482-8051; Viewpoint/New England and Ossining: YSA, c/o Scott Cooper, 127-1 S. Highland store, 1345 E St. N.W., Fourth Floor, Wash., D.C. San•a Barbara: YSA, P.O. Box 14606, UCSB, Santa Regional Committee-(617) 482-8052; Militant Ave., Ossining, N.Y. 10562. ·., 20004. Tel: SWP-(202) 783-2391; YSA-(202) B.ubara, Calif. 93107. Books-(617) 338-8560. 783-2363. COLORADO: Denver: SWP, YSA, and Militant Worcester: YSA, Box 229, Greendale Station, NORTH CAROLINA: Greenville: YSA, P.O. Box WASHINGTON: Bellingham: YSA and Young So­ Bookstore, 1203 California, Denver, Colo. 80204. Worcester, Mass. 01606. 1693, Greenville, N.C. 27834. Tel: (919) 752-6439. cialist Books, Am. 213, Viking Union, Western Tel: SWP-(303) 623-2825; YSA-(303) 893-8360. MICHIGAN: Ann Arbor: YSA, Room 4103, Mich. OHIO: Cincinnati: YSA, c/o Charles R. Mitts, 6830 Washington State College, Bellingham, Wash. FLORIDA: Tallahassee: YSA, c/o Dave Bouffard, Union, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. -Buckingham Pl., Cincinnati, Ohio 45227. 98225. Tel: (206) 676-3460. 754 El Rancho, Tallahassee, Fla. 32304. 48104. Tel: (313) 663-8766. Cleveland: SWP and YSA, 2300 Payne, Cleveland, SeaHie: SWP, YSA, and Militant Bookstore, 5623 GEORGIA: Atlanta: Militant Bookstore, 68 Peach­ Detroit SWP, YSA, Eugene V. Debs Hall, Militant Ohio 44114. Tel: (216) 861-4166. University Way N.E., Seattle, Wash. 98105. Tel: tree St., N.E., Third Floor, Atlanta, G\ 30303. Bookstore, 3737 Woodward Ave., Detroit, Mich. Columbus: YSA, Box 3343 Univ. Station (mailing (206) 522-7800. . SWP and YSA, P.O. Box 846, Atlanta, Ga. 30301. 48201. Tel: (313) 831-6135. address); 325 Ohio Union, Columbus, Ohio WISCONSIN: Madison: YSA, P.O. Box ·1442, Madi­ Tel: (404) 523-0610. . East Lansing: YSA, First Floor Student Offices, 43210. Tel: (614) 422-6287. son, Wis. 53701. Tel: (608) 238-6224. ILLINOIS: Champaign: YSA, Room 284 lllini Union, Union Bldg., Michigan State University, East OREGON: Portland: SWP, YSA, Militant Bookstore, Milwaukee: SWP, YSA, 207 E. Michigan Ave., Rrn. Urbana, IlL 61801. Lansing, Mich. 48823. Tel: (517) 353-0660. 208 S.W. Stark, Fifth Floor, Portland, Ore. 97204. 25, Milwaukee, Wis. 53202. Tel: SWP-(414) 289- Chicago, South 61de: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Books, Kalamazoo: YSA, c/o Gail Altenburg, 3511 Ken- T"'l; (503) 226-27.15. 9340; YSA:-(414) 289-93~p. Intercontinental Press Of Special Interest Books and For Correct Political Course in Portugal

pamphlets on the By Gerry Foley, Joseph Hansen, and George Novack List of Topics: Black 1. A Flawed Indictment 14. Can the Peasants Be Won Over? 2. Origin of the Differences 15. The Danger of Becoming Discredited 3. What Is Not in Dispute 16. The Most Benevolent Military Liberation 4. Bourgeois Vs. Proletarian Democracy Dictatorship in the World? and the Legacy of Eduard Bernstein 17. Carvalho, a Possible Fidel Castro? 5. The Charge of Capitulating 18. And the Exciting Admiral Coutinho Struggle to Methods of 'Healy-Lambert' 19. A Cuban Pattern in Portugal? 6. The Level of Mass Consciousness 20. Why There Was No Campaign BLACK LIBERATION 7. The Electoral Victory to Get Troops Out of Angola -an Opening or a Trap? 21. 'Corporatism' in the Guide Document AND SOCIALISM 8. Sectarian Thinking Par Excellence 22. Antiparliamentary Cretinism Edited by Tony Thomas. "This anthology by five young black men and 9. Was Trotsky Right, Wrong, and the Copcon Program women discusses the need for a political break with the Democratic or Irrelevant? 23. Constituent Assembly and Republican parties and the establishment of an all-Black political 10. Their Version of Republica Case; as Stepping-stone to party, ... and provides an analysis of links between black liberation Trotsky on Freedom of the Press Workers and Peasants Government and socialist revolution."-The Black Scholar. 207 pages, cloth $9.00, 11. The Facts in the Republica Case 24. How Issue of Democracy Was Stolen paper $2.45 12. Should 'Patriotic Censorship' From Portuguese Revolutionists Be Called 'Workers Control'? 25. The Payoff Begins MALCOLM X ON 13. An Unacceptable 26. For a Correct Resolution AFRO-AMERICAN HISTORY Method of Argument of the Differences by Malcolm X. "It explains Black history in such a way as to impart Send $.75 for a single issue or $12 for a six-month subscription. Inter­ pride, convey knowledge and infuse inspiration."-The Michigan continental Press, P.O. Box 116, Village Station, New York 10014. Chronicle. 80 pages, paper $1.25 BY ANY MEANS NECESSARY by Malcolm X. 192 pages, cloth $5.95, paper $1.95 Feminism & Socialism THE LAST YEAR OF MALCOLM X Edited with an introduction by Linda Jenness by George Breitman. "A detailed and objective account of Malcolm's changing philosophy."-Kliatt. 169 pages, cloth $5.95, paper $1.95 This anthology includes many of the issues confronting the feminist movement: Pamphlets on the Black Liberation Struggle "Issues Before the Abortion Movement" THE ASSASSINATION OF MALCOLM X Questions and Answers on the Equal Rights Amendment" by George Breitman and Herman Porter. $.60 "The Family" BLACK WOMEN'S LIBERATION "Double Jeopardy: the Oppression of Black Women and Chicanas" by Maxine Williams and Pamela Newman. $.35 "In Defense of Engels on the Matriarchy" FBI PLOT AGAINST THE BLACK MOVEMENT "Female Liberation and Socialism" -Secret Documents Exposed 160 pp., $5.95, paper $1.95. by Baxter Smith with reprinted secret FBI memos. $.35 Order from Pathfinder Press, 410 West Street, New York, N.Y. 10014. IN DEFENSE OF BLACK NATIONALISM by Tony Thomas. $.60 LEON TROTSKY ON BLACK NATIONALISM AND SELF­ r DETERMINATION by Leon Trotsky. $1.05 THE RACIST OFFENSIVE AGAINST BUSING Marxism The Lessons of Boston and How to Fight Back by Willie Mae Reid, Peter Camejo, and others. $.50 A STRATEGY FOR BLACK LIBERATION by Tony Thomas. $.60 versus Maoism THE STRUGGLE FOR COMMUNITY CONTROL IN N.Y. A Reply to the "Guardian" by Tony Thomas. A concise expla­ SCHOOL DISTRICT ONE nation of why Maoism is neither Marxist nor revolutionary. Puerto Rican, Black, and Chinese Parents Fight Racism by Ethel Lohman and Katherine Sojoumer. $.35 $.60 WHAT ROAD TO BLACK LIBERATION? Available from the bookstores listed in the Socialist Directory on the facing The Democratic Party or an Independent Black Party? page or by mail from Pathfinder Press, Inc., 410 West Street, New York, by Tony Thomas and Norman Oliver. $.50 N.Y. 10014. Write for a complete catalog. WHO KILLED JIM CROW? The Story of the Civil Rights Movement and Its Lessons for Today by Peter Camejo. $.60

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THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 17, 1975 27 ,, THE MILITANT

Black frame-UP- victim • urr1cane • ICe By Michael Smith white, and the jury was all white. NEWARK, N.J.-The chances are Bello and Bradley say that the police improving that New Jersey prisoner and prosecutors constantly referred to No. 45472 mtly yet walk out the gates Carter and Artis as "niggers, Muslims, of Trenton State Prison, free at last to animals, and murderers." They were go on leading his life as Rubin "Hurri· convicted in short order. cane" Carter. No one ever explained why Carter, a It has been more than eight years man at the top of his profession, since Carter and John Artis, now No. relatively wealthy and secure, respect­ 45473, were framed up, convicted, and ed, happily married and the father of a sentenced to life imprisonment for the young daughter, would want to shoot murder of three white men in a three people he didn't know in a bar he Paterson, New Jersey, bar. had never been to. But proof of motive It has been one year since the only is not necessary for a murder convic­ two witnesses to place Carter and Artis tion in New Jersey. at the scene of the crime admitted that Bello and Bradley recanted their they lied on the witness stand. testimony seven years after the trial. For all the difference the recanta­ They waited, they explain, until the · tions make to the New Jersey courts, statute of limitations had expired so Carter and Artis could stay in jail they could not be prosecuted for forever. But a growing public outcry perjury. The two recanted independent­ will not let this flagrant injustice rest. ly, each without knowledge that the other had done so. Pardons considered Carter notes that they also had Under mounting, pressure, on Sep­ never been given the $10,500 reward · tember 29, New Jersey Gov. Brendan they were promised. Byrne asked the head of the state It has since come to light that the assembly's judiciary committee, El­ prosecution suppressed evidence that dridge Hawkins, to make a recommen­ Bello and Bradley could not initially dation on whether pardons should be identify Carter, Artis, or the car they granted. Hawkins went on to an­ were driving. Their identifications nounce he was planning to investigate became "positive" only after they were possible misconduct by police and promised reduced sentences. prosecutors in the case. Bradley, known as the "motel bur­ Carter and Artis say they will accept glar," had nine indictments pending pardons only if there is no requirement· against him in five New Jersey coun­ that they admit guilt or complicity ties. He ended up serving only three with the crime. In the meantime, they years in jail. Governor Byrne himself are pursuing court action to win a new was at that time a prosecutor in trial, which they are confident would neighboring Passaic County, where lead to their complete exoneration. Bradley was about to be sentenced, The New Jersey Defense Committee and helped arrange the light term in for Rubin "Hurricane" Carter and return for his perjured testimony. John Artis and the New York-based Hurricane Trust Fund are also continu­ 'The ring of truth' ing their efforts to publicize the case Theodore Morrison Carter appealed for a new trial last and raise needed funds for the defense. Muhammad Ali and Carolyn Kelly, head of New Jersey Defense Committee, at year based on the suppressed evidence An indication of the broad backing September 6 rally in Newark. Under mounting pressure, Gov. Brendan Byrne is and the witnesses' admissions. Judge for Carter and Artis was a demonstra­ ponsidering pardons for Carter and John Artis. Samuel Lamer denied the motion, tion of 3,000 people September 6 in saying the recantations lacked "the Newark. Mayor Kenneth Gibson ad­ ring of truth." Lamer presided over the dressed the rally and declared Septem­ talk, the prison guards beat him and shot three whites. original trial and had no trouble ber 6 "Justice for Rubin Carter Day." burned him with cigarettes. The cops picked up Carter and Artis, swallowing the prosecution's flimsy The same day, neighboring East Bello said that Lt. Vincent DeSi­ a casual acquaintance of his, that story then. Orange, New Jersey, renamed one of mone, a detective in the Paterson night and questioned them for seven­ Recent developments give fresh hope its main thoroughfares "Justice for Police Department, warned him, "If teen hours straight. They were released that Carter and Artis may finally get Rubin Carter Avenue." you open your mouth you're going to after they passed lie-detector tests and justic~ but the New Jersey Defense do 100 years." a survivor of the shooting could no't Committee, led by Carolyn Kelly, is 'A railroad job' A review of how the case against identify them. not about to let up in its efforts while Featured speaker at the rally was Carter and Artis was put together It was not until October 1966, the governor and legislators deliberate. Muhammed Ali, world heavyweight makes it clear why the cops are months later, that Carter and Artis The committee is continuing . to boxing champion. Ali had earlier worried now. were indicted for the slayings. Bello obtain signatures on petitions, to be called the case "a New Jersey Water­ Back in 1966 Carter was a leading and Arthur Bradley, two former con­ presented to the governor at an Octo­ gate," telling reporters, "The man contender for the middleweight boxing victs who saw the aftermath of the ber 28 demonstration in Trenton. deserves a new trial. It looks like a crown. He was also an admirer of shooting while they were trying to The Newark Student Coalition railroad job to me. It looks to me like Malcolm X and an outspoken critic of break into a nearby factory, claimed Against Racism is also making the the judge was too proud to say he's police brutality against the Black com­ they had seen Carter and Artis leave fight to free Carter and Artis a central wrong." munity. the scene, guns in hand. part of its activity, working closely Other powerful forces in New jersey The Paterson cops had been harass­ with the defense committee. don't want the state's case exposed as ing him for some time, and previous 'Niggers, Muslims, animals' For more information, or to lend a frame-up, either. Alfred Bello, one of frame-up attempts had failed. Six witnesses, all Black, testified support to the defense effort, contact the two witnesses who recanted, was in About 2:30 in the morning of June that the defendants were elsewhere at Carolyn Kelly, 22 Green Street, N e­ jail at the time. He said that when the 17, 1966, two Black gunmen walked the time of the shootings. But the wark, New Jersey 07102; telephone government found out he was going to into the Lafayette Grill and fatally prosecutor was white, the judge was (201) 643-4843.

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