The History of the Anthropological Origin of the Uzbek People

Accepted 08th July, 2021 & Published 13thJuly, 2021

THE HISTORY OF THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL ORIGIN OF THE UZBEK PEOPLE

Khakima Davlatova Researcher Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute Jizzakh, Uzbekistan Dilfuza Davurboyeva Researcher Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute Jizzakh, Uzbekistan Maftuna Lapasova Researcher Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute Jizzakh, Uzbekistan

ABSTRACT

This article discusses the ethnographic history of the Uzbek people. The same picture is observed in the composition of the Uyghur ethnic group. For example, not only modern Uyghurs, but also Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Kirghiz, etc. were formed from the Uyghur ethnic group. The same can be said about written records. Evaluation of the role of each of these disciplines as a source of ethnogenetic and ethno-historical information, the need for complexity, synthesis of developments in various sciences have been repeatedly discussed.

KEYWORDS: - Ethnographic history, history of Uzbek people, composition of Uyghur, ethnic group, modern Uyghurs, Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Kirghiz, written records, a source of ethnogenetic, ethno-historical information.

was inhabited by Scythians (according to Greek INTRODUCTION sources), or Saki (according to Persian sources), Massagets and Sogdians, Khorezmians and other The largest nation in Central Asia, they are the ethnic groups. main and indigenous population of Uzbekistan, quite large groups of autochthonous Uzbeks live In general, the Turkic-Mongol tribes that roamed in northern Afghanistan, northwestern, northern, in the second half of the XIV century. in the western Tajikistan, southern Kazakhstan, eastern part of Dashti Kipchak, they were called southern Kyrgyzstan, northern and eastern Uzbeks, and their territory was the land of Turkmenistan. Ethnogenesis of Uzbeks Uzbeks. After their conquest in the first half of proceeded in Movaraunnahr and adjacent the 15th century. The local population of regions. The ancient peoples of Central Asia, Maverannahr also began to be called Uzbeks. It Sogdians, Bactrians, Khorezmians, Ferghans, should be noted that the ancient clans of Saks, Sako-Massaget tribes, eastern Iranians, and Massagets, Sogdians, Khorezmians and Turks, as Hephthalites, took part in the formation of the well as other ethnic groups that joined them a Uzbeks. In the VIII-II century BC. Central Asia little later, formed the basis for the formation of

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Accepted 08th July, 2021 & Published 13thJuly, 2021

Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Kirghiz, Karakalpaks, Uighurs Movarounnahr) and Yagma (in the territories and other Turkic peoples, they also participated from the Ili River basin to Kashgar). The Yagma in the formation of the neighboring Tajik people. clan, before merging with the Karluks, was part It should be borne in mind that the same clans of the Tugiaguz (Tukkiz-Oghuz) ethnic group. and tribes could participate in the formation of The same picture is observed in the composition different Turkic peoples. For example, the Uzbek of the Uyghur ethnic group. For example, not and Kazakh peoples include the Kipchak, Jalair, only modern Uyghurs, but also Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Naiman, and Katagan clans. Kirghiz, etc. were formed from the Uyghur ethnic group. The same can be said about written THE MAIN FINDINGS AND RESULTS records. Therefore, the fact of the presence in the Uzbek To date, extensive materials have been and Kazakh languages of common phenomena accumulated on the ethnogenesis and ethnic inherent in the languages of the aforementioned history of Uzbekistan, represented by data from genera should not be considered as a product of various sciences - history, archeology, the relationship between the Uzbek and Kazakh ethnography, anthropology, linguistics, folklore, languages of a later time. Therefore, the fact of onomastics, oriental studies, historical the presence in the Uzbek and Kazakh languages demography, geography, etc. Evaluation of the of common phenomena inherent in the role of each of these disciplines as a source of languages of the aforementioned genera should ethnogenetic and ethno-historical information, not be considered as a product of the the need for complexity, synthesis of relationship between the Uzbek and Kazakh developments in various sciences have been languages of a later time. Summarizing what has repeatedly discussed. However, in the history of been said, we can conclude that the domination the study of the ethnogenesis of the Uzbek of the ancient Turks in Central Asia covers the people, a mono-ethnic approach often prevailed, 5th-10th centuries, during this period, power is the data of related sciences were not sufficiently concentrated in the hands of the Tuku (V-VIII involved, the importance of certain disciplines century), Turks of Central Asia (552-745), the was absolutized, in particular, the substitution of Uyghur kaganate (740-840), the Uyghur state ethnogenesis by culture genesis and (up to the 10th century). glottogenesis, there was no correlation between the results of certain sciences among themselves Frequent changes in power did not lead to any and with political history. changes in the ethnic composition of the Turkic population, then living in a very large territory Anthropology plays a significant role in the study (in the south of Siberia, Kazakhstan, Central Asia, of ethnic history, especially in illuminating the East Turkestan): language, customs, clothing, continuity of the population, identifying the culture and other components of Turkic ethnic direction and time of migration, the nature of the groups continued to be very skinny. As a rule, relationship between the substratum and each kaganate consisted of certain ethnic groups, superstrate population, interaction between and each ethnic group was called the name of the neighboring and distant ethnic groups, etc. The most privileged clan or tribe, although it included anthropological types of individual populations many other clans and tribes. For example, the are formed on the basis of the same groups of Karluk ethnic group included, in addition to the todey that peoples are ethnic groups, that is, Karluks themselves, Chigils (mainly in populations are associated with ethnic groups. This position underlies all ethnogenegical

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constructions of anthropology. A huge serial range of tasks set by the author includes the material on paleoanthropology and, to a lesser following: extent, on somatology of Uzbekistan and Central - Study of the normal distribution of race Asia has been studied. diagnostic signs in the main ethnic and Multilateral studies in the latest areas of territorial groups of Uzbekistan; anthropology - dermatoglyphics, odontology and - Characterization of the geographical serology, representing effective ethnogenetic and variability of these characters and the ethnohistorical information, were carried out in allocation of racial complexes; Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, partly in Kyrgyzstan, but are absent in Uzbekistan. Completed - Racial and ethnic characteristics of modern individual works on dermatoglyphics do not Uzbeks with tribal stratification; reflect the complexity of the ethnic composition - Racial and ethnic characteristics of modern of the Uzbeks and do not cover their main ethno- Uzbeks without a tribal structure; territorial groups. In addition, there are no - Determination of the taxonomic position of works carried out in the diachropic aspect, when Uzbeks among the Eurasian groups at the it is possible to trace the process of the formation racial level; of an ethnos and to reveal its fate, the continuity of the population, to determine the racial - Determination of the taxonomic position of typology at all chronological stages of history, to the Uzbek ethnos at the ethnic level; reveal the dynamics of anthropological - Intergroup analysis of population complexes and ethnic components. application of differentiation at the territorial, ethnic levels data from various independent anthropological and at the level of local and large races of systems, each of which makes it possible to humanity; reveal the specificity and diversity of racial and ethno-genetic processes. The consolidation of - General dynamics of Mongoloid elements in paleoanthropology, somatology data with the Central Asian population; dermatoglyphics, odontology, serology data, - Dynamics of Mongoloid elements by carrying out a study in the diachropic aspect, individual geographers cultural and matching anthropological data with historical and cultural areas (Sogd, Chach, ethnographic, archaeological, general historical, Kaktriya-Tokharistan, Fergana, Parthia- linguistic and written sources was carried out by Margiana, southwestern Turkmenistan, the author for the first time. Khorezm, Ustrushana, Semirechye, Pamir); The main goal is to obtain racial> eshogenetic - Determination of the specific weight of the and ethnoisgoric information by conducting a Mongoloid component among ethnic and comprehensive anthropological study of the territorial groups and its role in ethnic population of Uzbekistan on dermatoglyphic, history; odontological and paleodontological, serological - Determination of the magnitude of the programs, taking into account the complexity of australoid (skaatoriaapnoy) component in its ethnic and anthropological composition, with the anthropological composition of the a wide involvement of information on modern population; somatology (anthropometry and anthroposcopy) and paleoanthropology, that is, biological and An objective assessment of the geographical historical analysis in the diachropic aspect. The differentiation of dermatoglyphic, odontological

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and serological characteristics is given; identified odontological and serological materials on the local groups and complexes; the taxonomic main ethnic and territorial groups of the Uzbek position of the Uzbeks among the peoples of population. In order to avoid the author's Nvraeni has been clarified; The morphological discrepancies in the methodological and genetic status of modern Uzbeks was interpretation of the signs of the day of the determined, but for different systems of comparative analysis, ethno-territorial-rhetorical characters. For the first time, this angropological groups of contiguous regions were studied. As a study of the modern population was carried out result of field work in 1981 - 1989. collected and according to several programs (dermatoglyphics, studied under a single program of 48 ethnic and odontology, serology), each of which meets the territorial groups with a total number of 9278 requirements of a racial taxonomic classification people (4626 men and 4652 women). class. As a result of the involvement of CONCLUSION paleoactroiological, craniological and own In conclusion, according to the Uzbeks, they are paleodoitological material, for the first time divided into thirty-two tayors. The generally racial and these genetic studies were carried out accepted version is that the name of the people in a dichronal aspect, which allowed the author comes from the name of the Khan of the Golden to consider ethnoseneic processes and dynamics, Horde-Uzbekkhan (1312-1341). Rashid ad-din to solve such important problems as the writes that Sultan Muhammad, nicknamed continuity of the population, place, time and Uzbekkhan, was the son of Mingkudar, the ways of formation of the main racial and ethnic grandson of Bukal, the seventh son of Jochi, and components. became the khan of the Golden Horde at the age Based on the analysis of their own data, the of 13 and nomadic Uzbeks were not his subjects. author suggested that the races of the Central The meaning of the word “Uzbek” and its origin Asian interfluve and the Pamir-Fergaiskaya are is a source of much controversy. Basic not identical, but are separate local races that hypotheses about the origin of the word Uzbek: have different ratios of the main racial The earliest mention of the word Uzbek as a components. In addition, the distribution area of personal name dates back to the 12th century. these races does not coincide. EFERENCES The general patterns and uniqueness of racial R and ethnic processes in the historical and 1. Zanca, R. (2004). ‘Explaining’Islam in cultural regions of Central Asia were revealed. Central Asia: an anthropological approach For the first time, the fact of the formation of for Uzbekistan. Journal of Muslim Minority supra-ethnic communities and territorial Affairs, 24(1), 99-107. complexes among the population of the Central 2. Laruelle, M. (2008). The concept of Asian interfluve (Sogd, Ustrushana, Eaktria- ethnogenesis in Central Asia: political Tokharistan, southern Khorezm) was context and institutional mediators (1940– established. Based on the results of ethno- 50). Kritika: Explorations in Russian and anthropological research, a conclusion was made Eurasian History, 9(1), 169-188. about the commonality of the ethno-historical and racial roots of the peoples of Central Asia 3. Tishkov, V. (1995). Don't Kill Me, I'm a and Kazakhstan. It consists of dermatoglyph, Kyrgyz!': An Anthropological Analysis of

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