Scott Bauer, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org

Dogwood photos by Robert L. Anderson, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org are anthracnose, Dogwood Cherry brown rot, active. Some common foliar diseases inB.C. and lengthens the time the pathogen is weather increases the likelihood of infection dormant with increasing heat. Moist, cool thrive under constant moisture andbecome of plant diseases are caused by fungi, which foliar pathogens is expected. The majority Canada, increased plant disease caused by Following acool andmoist spring inWestern Western Canada Foliar Disease in factors of the number of ornamental cherries is nearly impossible when you combine the initiates infection. Inthe case of cherry, this eliminatethe sourceof fungal sporesthat is to remove all diseased tissue inorder to the best ways to prevent disease inplants Monilinia fructicola in the case of Cherry brown rot, caused by Controllinginoculum sources the pathogen. lead to very different outcomes depending on situations exist where similar symptoms may but will not kill trees. Many other disease and whole-leaf blight inPacific dogwood, causes leaf spots onthe Eastern dogwood whileDogwood spotdogwoods, anthracnose anthracnose can kill Eastern andPacific of the pathogen is crucial because Dogwood , spot anthracnose is caused by adifferent fungus anthracnoseDogwood is caused by the Accurate identification and Applescab. TREE TIPS SUMMER 2012 TREE & SHRUB CARE FROMBARTLETT TREE EXPERTS Discula destructiva Elsinoe corni and . Proper identification is key for treatment. M. laxa Continued onPage 2 , while Dogwood , whileDogwood is illustrated

anthracnose spotDogwood foliar disease, Symptoms of the . Oneof may beof interest to you. It’s just onemore way to stay intouch andprovide information that with Bartlett scientists that cover tree & shrub care topics andtips. tree and shrub conditions. We alsoconduct monthly chat sessions local offices have Facebook pages and we post daily on Twitter about Twitter daily andinincreasing numbers. Bartlett is noexception. Our of communication. People andorganizations useFacebook and Sites like Facebook and Twitter have openedupawholenew frontier you can opt-out. a try. If you reconsider, basis. We hope you’ll give it a regular but not overbearing your area andother subjects on communications about conditions in Representative, you’ll receive pertinent supplyaddress youremail to your Arborist like to include you onour emailing-list. If you bios, andother items of interest to clients. We’d Your local office sends out e-mailnotifications, Let’s Communicate Better We invite You to ‘Like’ Us and‘Follow’ Our Tweets becoming more andmore frequent. dots onthe mapindicate EAB sightings andoutbreaks. What usedto beisolated incidents are now EAB is making unwanted progress into areas that have the food it likes best; ash trees. The red Emerald AshBorer Continues to Spread Emerald Ash borers are spreading in Canada as well as the USA.

DiseaseAlerts - Trellis Discovered in Ontario in the early 2000s, Pear Trellis Rust, caused by the fungus sabinae (syn. G. fuscum), is a widespread disease in orchard and landscape pear trees. Infection of by At left spore production on a twig this disease causes unsightly leaf spots, premature defoliation, and and on right infectious spores produced on physiological stress that can lead to dieback or attack by secondary juniper. The orange color of spores leads to pathogens or insects. Many rust diseases have a life-cycle involving the common name of ‘rust’ diseases. Pear Trellis Rust on a pear tree leaf. the infection of two alternate host plants over the course of a year. The alternate hosts for this disease are Juniper species, which sustain minimal to 6-km from the source plant. Removal of on one site does not branch dieback from infection. mean that spores won’t be introduced from another site each spring. Disease management is normally focused on the rose-family host. Cultural The pathogen is closely related to ‘rust’ pathogens of other fruit tree methods such as pruning increase air flow and sunlight reducing the time species, such as Cedar-Apple rust, Cedar-Quince rust, and Cedar-Hawthorn that leaves are wet. We have a naturally based disease control material that rust. These diseases all share a similar life-cycle, with spring infection can then be applied preventatively based on disease history in the area. of the rose-family host (pear, apple, quince, hawthorn) caused by spores Once leaf spots are noticed, control materials have little or no effect on which were produced on the juniper host where the pathogen overwinters. disease progression. Removal of spore producing swollen areas on juniper In reality, this disease should be called Juniper-Apple rust. branches may reduce the disease pressure in an area, but this will not Management of many fungal diseases relies on removal of the source of eliminate all the spores that cause the disease. Recognizing site history infection. In the case of Pear Trellis Rust, this is not effective, because and weather patterns helps determine the need and timing for various juniper species are quite common and infectious spores can travel up treatment options.

Record Year Recent Disease and Insect for Fireblight Sightings in the Pacific Northwest Fireblight trials at our and British Columbia laboratory this year reveal Spring has finally come to the Pacific Northwest and that untreated control apples with it have come pests and diseases that will require averaged 252 blighted shoots treatment in the summer months. per tree. (2.4 x 3 meters height and spread.) This is Check the following plant list and the pests and the most ever recorded. Black spot diseases anticipated this year: Rose: black spot, rust, and powdery mildew Let us review treatments for fireblight and offer Apple/crabapple: scab and powdery mildew recommendations. Cherry: brown rot Dogwood (C. florida & C. nutallii): anthracnose Amelanchier: powdery mildew and rust Brown rot Plantings (various): aphids Oaks are just starting to leaf as it gets warmer. Anthracnose and leaf blister have appeared in the last Cutting out fireblight infected branches two years, and so it is advised to have your Bartlett Arborist inoculate for these diseases. Aphids

Foliar Disease (continued from front page) in B.C. landscapes and the ability of spores to spread with wind and rain. Infection later in the season will Removal of infected tissue from a site will not eliminate the re-introduction not dramatically affect appearance. However, if trees are of spores from another area in the following season under the right being managed for fruit production, infection occurring later in the conditions. In these cases, the only disease management measures are to season must also be managed, because the scab fungus reduces fruit treat preventatively, or to plant varieties with proven resistance. quality and appearance even when it is past the point of damaging foliage. Treatment timing and understanding disease management are important; Proper identification of pathogens, preventative management, and proper a good example is the treatment of Apple scab, which is caused by the timing of treatment applications reduces the amount of material needed to fungus Venturia inaequalis. Apple scab reduces the aesthetic value of treat disease, and allows the use of ecologically sound materials with lower ornamental apples or crabapples. It causes premature leaf loss, and environmental impact. should be managed preventatively during the spring leaf infection period. Spring Frosts Book Reviews

Have Ramifications Trees: The Balance for Plant Cycles of Life, The Beauty of Nature Record warmth in March and widely by Pierre Lieutaghi fluctuating temperatures in April has The old saying produced late frost injury in many areas of has it wrong; Eastern Canada. Most damage is likely to all too often we be cosmetic and plants should look better see the forest, as new growth covers damaged foliage. but don’t begin Maintaining soil moisture, mulching the to appreciate root zone and light fertilization will aid the unique recovery. qualities of the trees. With 90 stunning photos from around the world, Trees celebrates these awe-inspiring gifts of nature. This extraordinary book set the record straight, looking at trees from many points of view. No one who reads Trees will ever take them for granted again.

The Man Who Planted Tell Me About Trees by S. Murdock Trees by Jean Giono ACROSS 45 Meadow 24 Beginning (as in disease) 40 Caterpillars (and others) have 1 Bartlett’s #1 Fertilizer 46 Evergreen conifers 26 Sun rooms a larval ***** of change The Man Who 4 Trees can be this if they 48 Take * **** sample 28 A Bartlett care program 41 Evil beetle eats maples (no aren’t watched 49 Our yellow truck 31 Bartlett offers ** (see 21D) syrup) (abr.) Planted Trees is not 10 A sonic air tool will ****** 51 Apres vous *** (Fr.) option 42 Guys (for trees) are **** a detailed how-to soil 52 Bartlett has five offices here 33 Disorder that destroyed 44 Bartlett’s #1 *** is “Safety 12 Where the climbers go American Elms (abr.) Above All Else” guide to planting; it 13 Someone who trims limbs DOWN 36 Plants like ***** soil 46 Bartlett has 1 office here is a touching story 14 Too much or too little is no 1 Sad picea pungens? 37 Tree for sugaring time - Sugar 47 Opp. of LFT (starboard to good for trees 2 Fluid transported in xylem ***** sailors) (abr.) of Elzéard Bouffier, 17 Related to areas (Hardiness cells (woody plants) 38 Bartlett Arborists ***** 50 Abbreviation for clue 52A who devoted his entire life to reforesting a 3 Biochar is ***** preta (dark Zones) woody plants for problems desolate portion of Provence, in southern 19 Like etc. or etal (comparer) earth) 20 Pore, found in leafs and 4 Climbers **** out on a limb France. He single-handedly planted 100 5 Caterpillar’s brag #1 “I *** ** stems acorns each day before, through, and after 22 See 5D. Caterpillar’s brag ***” continued ** ****** leaf 6 **** degrees is freezing two world wars, and transformed a sorrowful 7 Tree native to Ireland 24 ***** orange place into one full of life and joy. Jean Giono’s 25 Solidify, like pavement 8 Bartlett has 2 offices here 26 See 22A (filler word) ** (abr.) words offer a tribute to how much good one 27 Fertilize out to the ****line 9 Urban plants are ****** trees person can accomplish in a lifetime and 29 Industrious insects - they 11 Regret - or scented evergreen sting sometimes 15 Related to hgt. (abr.) advise on how to live life with deep meaning. 30 Landscape **** for planting 16 Irish people and landscape Illustrated with moving, beautiful wood 32 *** oak 18 My rhododendron ***** 34 Not pc - grounds*** a trim engravings by Michael McCurdy. 35 Listing on a Bartlett proposal 21 Bartlett products provide this 38 Public & professional 23 Some people say sycamore, arboricultural resource but it ** ***** ** ** 39 Treats with medicine FANDEX Family Field Guides: 41 Climbers *** a rope tied to Trees a weight 43 *** a sugar maple for by Steven Aronson pancakes This book has long thin pages attached at one end like a fan. Each “fan” is topped with Check the answers at www.bartlett.com/crossword a full color photo of the leaf or by scanning this QR code with your smartphone and bark of a particular tree – perfect for the youngest hikers or backyard botanists. The text is written at a much older level, nevertheless, there are Get Electronic Tree Tips – Plant a Tree! many facts that will fascinate readers and Go to www.bartlett.com/newsletter and enroll to receive Tree Tips listeners of all ages. This is a handy book that electronically, we’ll plant a tree in your name as part of the Arbor Day sits easily on a kitchen or classroom shelf or Foundation’s reforestation project. It’s easy to do! Find your client code in the in a backpack, providing easy reference and yellow box on the back page mailing panel of your Tree Tips. pleasurable reading. mounds like the European fire ants don’t produce They were European fire ants. identified, they were not Brazilian red fire ants. by ants. However, whenthe ants in Chicago were for aroot invigoration project. They were stung from the Bartlett Laboratories traveled to Chicago Recently, researchers Kelby Fite andElden LeBrun population inthe Southeast. red fire ants sting more than ½of the U.S. is nowa$1billion a year business. Each year, people andlivestock alike. Controlling the ant 1930s. These stinging insects have plagued that first became established in the U.S. in the Most peoplerecognize red fire ants from Brazil Fire Ants are Spreading Throughout Bartlett’s Service Areas concerns with your property. Please call meif you have any interesting anduseful. I’m sure you’ll find this issue TREE TIPS Compliments of © 2012 The F. A. Bartlett Tree Expert Company

United States’Midwest. have alsobeen spotted inthe Hampshire.species Several Rhode Island andNew Jersey, Washington D.C., Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, New causing problems inthe U.S. states of Maine, Brunswick andNova Scotia. These ants are also There are infestations inOntario, Quebec, New be stung without warning. Brazilian fire ants, soit is even more possible to (877) BARTLETT (877-227-8538) inU.S.and Canada •www.bartlett.com For LAB NOTES published by THE F. BARTLETT A. TREE EXPERT COMPANY Tree Tips European fire ant information contact [email protected] European fire ant infestations as well. The UK andIreland may see increases in Brazilian fire ants

Scott Bauer, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org