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Download Download Journaf of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 March 2016 | 8(3): 8596–8601 Mofst temperate forest butterfffes of western Bhutan Arun P. Sfngh ISSN 0974-7907 (Onffne) Short ISSNCo m0974-7893 munfcatfon (Prfnt) Forest Entomofogy Dfvfsfon, Forest Research Insftute, P.O. New Forest, Dehradun, Utarakhand 248006, Indfa [email protected], [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Abstract: Random surveys were carrfed out fn mofst temperate forests carrfed out fn ‘mofst temperate forests’ at efevafons (1,860–3,116 m) around Bunakha Vfffage and Dochufa Pass, near Thfmphu fn western Bhutan, recordfng 65 specfes of buterffes. Of rangfng from 1860–3116 m fn the western part of these, 11 specfes, vfz., Strafghtwfng Bfue Orthomfeffa ponfs ponfs Bhutan around Dochufa Pass on the way to Punakha Efwes, Sfate Royaf Maneca bhotea bhot ea Moore, Duff Green Hafrstreak from Thfmphu and afso around Chukha-Bunakha vfffages Esakfozephyrus fcana Moore, Yeffow Woodbrown Lethe nfcetas Hewftson, Smaff Sffverfork Zophoessa jafaurfda efwesf Moore, Scarce afong the Wang Chu Rfver catchment, whfch ffe enroute Labyrfnth, Neope pufahfna (Evans), Chumbf Waff Chonafa masonf from Thfmphu to Phuntshoffng durfng fate-sprfng, pre- Efwes, Pafe Hockeysfck Saffer Nepfs manasa manasa Moore and monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon seasons durfng Whfte Commodore Parasarpa dudu dudu Westwood, are restrfcted to the eastern Hfmafaya, northeastern Indfa and Myanmar. Two other 2009–2013 (Image 1). specfes, Tawny Mfme Chfasa agestor agestor (Gray) and Hfmafayan Spoted Ffat Cefaenorrhfnus munda Moore have been onfy rarefy Materfafs and Methods recorded from Bhutan and a few fndfvfduafs of the rare Bhutan Gfory Bhutanffs ffdderdafef Atkfnson were afso recorded near Bunakha. Study sftes and vegetafon The study was carrfed out fn typfcaf forest types at Keywords : Bfodfversfty hotspot, Bhutanffs ffdderdafef, Bunakha, dfferent afftudes. The frst sfte of the study was the Dochufa Pass, eastern Hfmafaya, Ha Chu Rfver, Lepfdoptera, Wang Chu Rfver. forest around Dochufa Pass (Image 1,sfte-I; 3116m) whfch fs focated on the way to Punakha town from Thfmphu whfch fs a mofst temperate confferous forest, domfnated by Tsuga dumosa mfxed wfth Rhododendron spp. and Bhutan, part of the Hfmafayan bfodfversfty hotspot, many broad feaved specfes such as Acer sp., Castonopfs fs home to an esfmated 750 specfes of buterffes (Sfngh sp., etc. and thfs pass descends down to the Royaf & Pandey 2004). Very recentfy, eforts have been made Botanfcaf Garden at Lampere. The fandmarks around to document the buterfy dfversfty of thfs regfon (Poef & the Dochufa pass fncfude 108 Druk Wangyaf Khang Zhang Wangchuk 2007; Sfngh 2012; Wangdf et af. 2012, 2013; Chortens or Stupas. The second sfte was the forest Wangdf & Sherub 2012a,b; Sfngh & Chfb 2014; Tsherfng habftat from Chukha to Bunakha vfffage unff Tanafum 2015). However, fnformafon generated on buterffes of check post (27 004’30.1”–27 013’55.9”N & 89 029’11.5”– thfs regfon fs far from compfete. Random surveys were 89 033’58.1”E). The vegetafon fn and around Bunakha DOI : htp://dx.dof.org/10.11609/jot.2297.8.3. 8596-8601 | ZooBank: urn:fsfd:zoobank.org:pub:AA79CEF0-17C0-45FB-A6A9-1D6152D472C6 Edftor: George Mathew, KFRI, Peechf, Indfa. Date of pubffcafon: 26 March 2016 (onffne & prfnt) Manuscrfpt detaffs: Ms # 2297 | Recefved 14 September 2015 | Ffnaf recefved 08 February 2016 | Ffnaffy accepted 12 March 2016 Cftafon: Sfngh, A.P. (2016). Mofst temperate forest buterffes of western Bhutan . Journaf of Threatened Taxa 8(3): 8596–8601 ; htp://dx.dof.org/10.11609/ jot.2297.8.3. 8596-8601 Copyrfght: © Sfngh et af. 2016 . Creafve Commons Atrfbufon 4.0 Internafonaf Lfcense. JoTT affows unrestrfcted use of thfs arfcfe fn any medfum, reproducfon and dfstrfbufon by provfdfng adequate credft to the authors and the source of pubffcafon. Fundfng: Indfan Councff of Forestry Research & Educafon (ICFRE), Dehradun. Conffct of Interest: The author decfares no compefng fnterests Acknowfedgments: I am thankfuf to Monsoon Jyof Gogof and Motokf Safto for thefr hefp fn fdenffcafon of buterffes. 8596 Buterffes of western Bhutan Sfngh Sfte -I Image 1. Locafon of mofst temperate forest study sftes: sfte I-Dochufa Pass & sfte II-Bunkha Vfffage fn western Sfte -II Bhutan. (Source: htp://www.comap.ca/ kmfand/dfspfay.php?ID=315) (1,860–2,580 m; Image 1 , sfte-II) up to hfgher efevafons the buterffes encountered whffe wafkfng afong the fs domfnated by Popufus gambfef, Acer compbeffff, hfghway and a traff gofng down to the rfver Wang Chu Afnus nepafensfs, Pfnus wafffchfana communfty. The were noted and photographed for fdenffcafon. vegetafon varfes from broad-feaved to evergreen-oak pfne forests. The common tree specfes recorded fn Idenffcafon of buterffes thfs area are Afnus nepafensfs, Acer campbefff , Carpfnus Idenffcafon of buterffes was done wfth the hefp vfmfnea, Jugfans regfa, Quercus gfauca , Rhododendron of fefd gufdes (Evans 1932; Wynter-Bfyth 1957; Harfbaf arboreum , Sympfocos ramfsfssfma , Pfnus wafffchfana 1992; Smfth 1989, 2006; Kehfmkar 2008) as weff as and Pfcea spfnufosa . Other fmportant tree specfes web resources (htp://www.ffoundbuterffes.org/ and are Benthamfdfa capftatum, Carpfnus fagfnea, Ceffs htp://futers.org/). Photographs were compared tetrandra, Corfarfa nepafensfs, Cornus capftata, Coryfus wfth the specfmens at Nafonaf Forest Insect Reference ferox, Dysoxyfum bfnectarfferum, Lfndera assamfca, Coffecfon at Forest Research Insftute, Dehradun, Indfa. Lyonfa ovafffoffa, Persea duthef, Popufus gambfef, Saffx obscura, Torfcefffa fffffoffa, Vfburnum muffaha and Resufts and Dfscussfon Zanthoxyfum sp. A totaf of 65 specfes were recorded durfng these short surveys from the two sftes that are ffsted fn the Sampffng Appendfx. Buterffes recorded fn thfs study befonged Observafons were recorded durfng day fme (10:30– to fve famfffes. Maxfmum number of specfes 15:00 hr) around Dochufa Pass (sfte-I) by trekkfng down were from Nymphaffdae, foffowed by Lycaenfdae, to the Royaf Botanfcaf Garden at Lampere on 08 Jufy Pferfdae, Papfffonfdae and Hesperffdae. Most of 2009 (monsoon season). Surveys were afso carrfed out the coffecfons were from Bunakha except for nfne fn and around Chukha-Tsfmasham-Bunakha Vfffage (Sfte- specfes (Gofden Sapphfre Heffophorus brahma , Green II) by trekkfng afong the hfghway up to Tafaffum check Sapphfre Heffophrous androcfes , Duff Green Hafrstreak post before Chapcha whffe movfng towards Thfmphu. Esakfozephyrus fcana , Sfate Royaf Maneca bhotea, Surveys fn sfte-II were carrfed out (10:00–15:00 hr) on Yeffow Woodbrown Lethe nfcetas, Chumbf Waff Chonafa 12–14 and 16 May 2009 (pre-monsoon season when masonf , Scarce Labyrfnth Neope pufahfna , Smaff day fme temperatures varfed between 17.8–20 0C and Sffverfork Zophoessa jafaurfda efwesf and Bfue Pansy refafve humfdfty varfed between 71–78 %), 09 Jufy 2009 Junonfa orfthfya ) whfch were recorded from Dochufa (monsoon season), 27–28 Aprff 2011 (fate sprfng season) onfy. The reason for the few records befng overcast and and 21-22 September 2012 (post monsoon season). Aff cofd weather condffons prevafffng at Dochufa Pass on Journaf of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 March 2016 | 8(3): 8596–8601 8597 Butterflies of western Bhutan Singh the day of survey. Besides, a few individuals (3+) of the at Forest Research Institute, Dehradun. Not reported rare Bhutan Glory, Bhutanitis lidderdaleiAtkinson (listed earlier from Bhutan. in CITES-Appendix II) were also recorded at Tsimasham 4. Dull Green Hairstreak Esakiozephyrus icana near Bunakha on 22 September 2012. Of the various Moore (Image 5). species recorded in this study, the following were of Two individuals of this species were recorded feeding interest being mainly new records for Bhutan. on the wet ground along the road below Dochula Pass 1. Tawny Mime Chiasa agestor agestor (Gray) in Bhutan. This is probably the eastern most record of (Image 2). this species in the Himalaya. It occurs in western and One individual was photographed perched on central Nepal from 1,850–2,636 m from June to August Coriaria nepalensis shrub in a forest dominated by as reported by Smith (1989). Evans (1932) reported it to Quercus glauca trees along the highway near Bunakha be ‘rare’ from Kullu to Kumaon. Also occurs in western on 14 May 2009. This sub-species was reported as China (Smith 1989). Its range in the Himalaya extends ‘not rare’ from Sikkim to Dawnas (Myanmar) by Evans from Himachal Pradesh to Uttarakhand as per Kehimkar (1932). Wynter-blyth (1957) reported it from clearings (2008). Not reported earlier from Bhutan. in oak forests during early April in the eastern Himalaya 5. Yellow Woodbrown Lethe nicetas Hewitson Smith (1989) reported it from central to western Nepal. (Image 6). Recorded from Linza in Tholung Valley in light wooded One individual was recorded on 08 July 2009 below country in Sikkim by Haribal (1992). The species was Dochula Pass along the road side vegetation. Both Evans reported by Kehimkar from Himalaya and hills of (1932) and Wynter-blyth (1957) found this species northeastern India (2008) between 1,200–2,590 m. No to be ‘not rare’ from Kullu to Arunachal Pradesh and earlier records from Bhutan. Manipur. Poel & Wangchuk (2007) found it to be ‘fairly 2. Straightwing Blue Orthomiella pontis pontis common’ between 1,700–2,600 m along the forest trails, Elwes (Image 3). occasionally visiting sweaty shoes in Bhutan. Haribal A few individuals were recorded on wet mud on the (1992) found it ‘rare’ in Sikkim. Recorded as uncommon highway near Bunakha Village (n=3) and in Bunakha from 1860–2800 m during July and November in Nepal Village (n=4) on 13 May 2009 and also on 28 April by Smith (1989). Its range extends from Himachal 2011. Evans (1932) reported this species from Sikkim, Pradesh to Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India, northeastern India and Myanmar including Arunachal Nepal, Bhutan and Myanmar as per Kehimkar (2008). Pradesh. It prefers dense jungle between 900–1800 m 6. Small Silverfork Zophoessa jalaurida elwesi from March to June and is ‘very local’ from Sikkim to Moore (Image 7).
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