Table S1. Collective data on seeds sampled and their corresponding producing companies.

Seed Producing Seed Seed Seed Seed group Company/ Location Seeed group Producing Location variety variety Research Company Institutes Wuyuan County LD 5009 Confectionery Kaifurui Jiarui 3 Confectionery Jiarui Seed Company Industry Wuyuan Huaxia Mengkui- County JK 601 Confectionery Agricultural Confectionery Bayannur 18 Wuxing Seed Technology Industry Co., Ltd. Hangjinhou Inner Banner, Dikui LJ 316 Confectionery Bayannur Bayannur Confectionery Golden Sun 9233 City, Inner Mongolia Co., Ltd. Academy of Academy of Agricultural H 16-1 Confectionery Agricultural Baicheng DR 146832 Confectionery Sciences Sciences, Crops Province Institute Wuchang Baicheng Huinong Academy of Seed H 16-20 Confectionery Agricultural Baicheng JC 361 Confectionery Bayannur Industry, Sciences, Jilin Wuyuan Province county Baicheng Wuyuan Academy of County H 16-24 Confectionery Agricultural Baicheng FS 7331 Confectionery Bayannur Harvest Sciences, Jilin Sunflower Province Seed Industry Inner Mongolia Baicheng Wuyuan Academy of County H 16-22 Confectionery Agricultural Baicheng FS 7333 Confectionery Bayannur Harvest Sciences, Jilin Sunflower Province Seed Industry Baicheng Xiannong Academy of Xiankui International H 16-14 Confectionery Agricultural Baicheng Confectionery 363 Seed Sciences, Jilin Company Province Sunflower Ula Special Gankui 2 Confectionery LD 139 Confectionery Bayannur Research Industry

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Institute of Gannan County, Province Beijing Liqun Seed Kaifurui 1 Confectionery Kaifurui Alxa League Guaner 1 Confectionery Industry Company Beijing Ula Special Kaifurui 2 Confectionery Kaifurui Alxa League LD 7009 Confectionery Bayannur Industry Company Shizei Academy of Tonghui XKS 1619 Confectionery Agricultural TH 2511 Confectionery Seed Jiuquan Sciences Industry Crops Institute Xinjiang Shizei Academy of Gansu XKS 1618 Confectionery Agricultural Shihezi ZH 363 Confectionery Zhenghe Jiuquan Sciences Company Crops Institute , Tonghui Jishikui 2 Confectionery Siping City, Gongzhuling TH 5363 Confectionery Seed Jiuquan Jilin Province Industry Gongzhuling, Jishikui 3 Confectionery Siping City, Gongzhuling Likuifu 3 Confectionery Experimental Lanzhou Jilin Province Station Chifeng City Academy of Lanzhou Chikui Confectionery Agriculture Chifeng GKS 1601 Confectionery Experimental Lanzhou 7003 and Animal Station Husbandry Chifeng City Chifeng City Academy of Academy of Chikui Chikui Confectionery Agriculture Chifeng Confectionery Agriculture Chifeng 7001 7002 and Animal and Animal Husbandry Husbandry Chifeng City Heilongjiang Academy of Chikui Academy of Confectionery Agriculture Chifeng LSK 21 Confectionery 7004 Agricultural and Animal Sciences Husbandry Heilongjiang Heilongjiang Academy of Academy of LSK 20 Confectionery Harbin Z1AXR Confectionery Harbin Agricultural Agricultural Sciences Sciences Heilongjiang Heilongjiang Academy of Academy of Z2AXR Confectionery Harbin G2AX12 Confectionery Harbin Agricultural Agricultural Sciences Sciences Inner Heilongjiang Xinhechang Mongolia Academy of Confectionery Bayannur G1AXR Confectionery Harbin 968 Jichang Agricultural Huinong Sciences

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Seed Industry Heilongjiang Heilongjiang Academy of Academy of A1-ZX422 Confectionery Harbin A1X107 Confectionery Harbin Agricultural Agricultural Sciences Sciences Inner Wuyuan Mongolia Longkui County Yilin Agriculture Confectionery Bayannur Keying 2 Confectionery Bayannur 363 Seed and Animal Industry Husbandary Academy Inner Wuyuan Mongolia County Agriculture ZH 9021 Confectionery Bayannur Keying 4 Confectionery Bayannur Taifeng Seed and Animal Industry Husbandary Academy Wuyuan Beijing County Jiarui Alxa Jiarui 1 Confectionery Bayannur TF 9041 Confectionery Kaifurui Seed League Company Industry Inner Mongolia Wuyuan Wuyuan County Ruoshui Fengwo County Confectionery Xiangrui Bayannur Confectionery Bayannur T339 T33 Harvest Seed Sunflower Industry Seed Industry Beijing Agricultural KY 3 Oilseed Kaifurui Alxa League France 1 Oilseed Academy of Urumqi Company France Inner Mongolia Beijing Agriculture KY 2 Oilseed Kaifurui Alxa League NKP 218 Oilseed Bayannur and Animal Company Husbandry Academy Crop Research Beijing Institute, KY 1 Oilseed Kaifurui Alxa League F 53 Oilseed Liaoning Company Academy of Agricultural Sciences Chifeng city Beijing Academy of KF 3009 Oilseed Kaifurui Alxa League KY 11-23 Oilseed Agriculture Chifeng Company and Animal Husbandry Xinjiang Shihezi Chifeng city Academy of Academy of Xinkui 26 Oilseed Agricultural Shihezi S 67 Oilseed Agriculture Chifeng Sciences and Animal Crops Husbandry Institute

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Xinjiang Shihezi Chifeng city Academy of Academy of XKY 1606 Oilseed Agricultural Shihezi KY11-52 Oilseed Agriculture Chifeng Sciences and Animal Crops Husbandry Institute

Chifeng city Heilongjiang Academy of Academy of Chi CY LKZ 13 Oilseed Harbin Oilseed Agriculture Chifeng Agricultural 101 and Animal Sciences Husbandry Crop Research Heilongjiang Institute, Academy of LKZ 14-4 Oilseed Harbin Za 2 Oilseed Gansu Lanzhou Agricultural Academy of Sciences Agricultural Sciences Institute of Economic Crops, Longkuiza Oilseed Heilongjiang Harbin Academy of Agricultural Sciences From each variety, three lots were taken containing 100 seeds each time. The experiment was repeated three times.

Table S2. Sequence characteristics of primers used in this study. Primer name Primer sequence 5’ -3’ Tm ˚C ITS 1 TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG 65.0 ITS 4 TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC 58.0 DF CCGGTCCATCAGTCTCTCTG 54.0 DR CTGTTGCCGCTTCACTCG 55.0 EF 1 ATGGGTAAGGARGACAAGAC 52.4 EF 2 GGARGTACCAGTSATCATGTT 52.8 AaltF GTGCCTTCCCCCAAGGTCTCCG 66.1 AaltR CGGAAACGAGGTGGTTCAGGTC 61.0 These primers were selected based on results from other scientific research work.

Table S3. Details of formulated fungicides selected for testing. Product Fungicide trade name/ FRAC Active ingredients Type of fungicide standard Producing company/ Origin formulation code number Guoguang Carbendazim Carbendazol 25% Biopesticide 1 HG 3290- 200 Agrochemical Co. Ltd- (foliar) (400g) Sichuan Guoguang Triadimefon Triadimefon 15% Systemic 3 HG 3295- 2001 Agrochemical Co. Ltd- (foliar) (50 g) fungicide China Pyraclostrobin 250 Strobilurin Q/DLSK 40- BASF Chemical Company- Caprio- F 500 (liquid) 11 g/L fungicide 2012 Germany Flusilazole Organosilicon Q/ GHNE 45- DuPont Company- United Flusilazole 400 g/L 3 (liquid) fungicide 2013 States of America These fungicides have abroad spectrum microbial effect and are commonly used for seed dressing.

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