Woodland Loop Length: 3.1 km; 1.9 mi Overview: A Loop Trail that runs through the forest and shows some of the most typical tree types.

Starting at the Gemeinhaus go past the field and cross the Greenway to follow the Monarcas Creek T. Turn left at the bridge. Before you reach the Spring Flower T. turn left following the spur up to the hill. Turn right following the trail until reaching the barrier on the right. Pass it and turn right in the direction of God’s Acre. After 200 feet turn left onto the God’s Acre Loop. Follow this trail almost completely around. 250 feet after passing God’s Acre T., take the spur to the left. Reaching a trail turn left twice to follow the Spring Flower T. back down the hill and along Monarcas Creek. Reaching God’s Acre T. turn right and cross two bridges and go right back to the Gemeinhaus. Additional Loop : Passing the two bridges, proceed trough the Palisade Fort up to the Visitor Center. Go left around the Visitor Center to the Arboretum crossing the railroad track. Follow the short loop through the woods to your right and go back to the Gemeinhaus.

The Woodlands The Colonial Arboretum The Tract Almost every facet of the colonists’ The Wachovia Tract was selected for settle- lives involved wood products in The Colonial Arboretum Walk Historic Bethabara Park ment by the Moravians for its abundant some way. Hand hewn log homes features trees and shrubs natural resources. For the pioneers in the were clad with hand-sawn boards described in Reuters’s , conservation and management of and roofed with wooden shingles. work. Many are still na- natural resources was more than aesthet- tive to Bethabara Park. Wood was the only source of fuel White Oak ics, comfort and convenience, it was busi- for home cooking and heating as White oak had the best ness. well as offering many products for construction timber. Nine Most of the land in The Wachovia Tract industry. Tanneries sprang up species of oak were was owned by the church and leased to set- shortly after the founding of the named, all were consid- tlers. The community was governed by a colony. Maple trees were tapped for ered good for fuel. Yellow Poplar board of elders, called the Collegium. It sugar. The yellow or “tulip” pop- decided if a business was needed, the qual- The collegium appointed a ranger lar provided good logs for ity, quantity and price of goods and wages to survey and patrol to preserve for- boards. paid, as well as managed resources to sup- est game and protect domestic live- The sap of the Sugar port the community. The heavy and diver- stock, but the need to manage the sified demand for wood and wood prod- Sugar Maple Maple was boiled down woodlands, their most valuable re- for sugar. The wood was ucts by the settlers underlined a critical source, soon became apparent. need for woodland management. . good on a turning lathe, The collegium authorized the and made good charcoal. Phillip Christian Gotlieb Reuter, a sur- forrester to select trees to be cut on Gum trees were used for veyor, was appointed Forester and Super- an individual basis and specify intendent of Hunters; ’s first Sweet Gum medicinal properties. their use. Stumpage fees were forest ranger. It is apparent from his writ- charged to citizens based on spe- Hickory wood was prized ings that Reuter saw his work as a personal cies and tree diameter. by the millwright and for expression of his religious faith and de- fuel. The nuts were bitter rived a great deal of satisfaction from his In addition to producing scores of but were used for dye. maps of the almost uncharted ter- service. Shagbark Hickory ritory, Reuter compiled a list of Sassafras was used me- His first challenge was to map the settle- thirty-four kinds of trees and dicinally in tonics to pu- ment, a monumental task he finished in shrubs, along with practical infor- rify the blood. 1762. The entire 98,985 acres was mapped mation about their usefullness. He in a scale of 1 inch for 880 feet. The map listed twelve fungi and seven types showed not only geographical features but of stone. He also described thirty Sassasfras timber types found on the land, stand den- six birds, seven fish, nine snakes, sity and predominant tree species. The twenty four insects and creeping Historic Bethabara Park completed “great map” measured seven vermin and eleven species of fly- 2147 Bethabara Road, Winston-Salem, NC 27106 feet by nine and is in the care of the Tel: 336-924-8191 Fax: 336-924-0535 ing vermin and insects. www.bethabarapark.org Red Maple and Red Oak leaves. Moravian Archives at , NC.