Conference Report

2015

Conference report

31 Aug − 1 Sep 2015 www.bledstrategicforum.org 2015 BLED STRATEGIC FORUM: VISIONS OF NEW PARTNERSHIPS

Publishers: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Slovenia Prešernova cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, and Centre for European Perspective Grajska cesta 1, 1234 Loka pri Mengšu, Slovenia

Executive editor: Matej Gregorec

Authors: Matej Gregorec, Danijela Horvat, Eva Horvat, Nina Lenardič, Simona Leskovar, Anja Mezeg-Parma, Klemen Ponikvar, Martin Silič, Dubravka Šekoranja, Urška Učakar

Language editing: Boštjan Zupančič, Oliver Sims Design and illustrations: David Fartek DTP and prepress: Premedia, Andrej Juvan Printing: Grafiko d.o.o. Circulation: 500 copies

Ljubljana, December 2015 www.bledstrategicforum.org youtube.com/user/bledstrategicforum www.flickr.com/photos/bledstrategicforum G facebook.com/BledStrategicForum U@BledStrategicF, #Bled15 [email protected] 10th Bled Strategic Forum

In 2006, the Bled Strategic Forum (BSF) was Contributing to the Forum’s multifaceted iden- launched with a vision to bring together deci- tity are two additional programmes: the Busi- sion-makers from different fields, to encourage ness BSF, offering a platform for cooperation open debate on contemporary political, security between the public and private sectors, and and development challenges, and to search for the Young BSF, voicing the visions of the next new ideas and solutions. generation of leaders. In addition, the BSF has also developed a tradition of discussing less In all the years since, we have had the privilege conventional issues – the hidden dimensions of of meeting many new friends and partners and international relations such as science, sports have built new relationships in many different and music. fields. With this in mind, we dedicated the 10th BSF to partners and partnerships. With the ever-changing global situation, the BSF remains determined to strive towards inno- The complex and interdisciplinary challenges of vative thinking and forward-looking visions. It is today’s globalised world require comprehensive my hope that the Forum will continue to grow, solutions, which the BSF and its participants evolve and influence various policy agendas and have never been afraid of bringing up and dis- solutions of tomorrow. cussing. As such, the BSF gives a voice to dif- fering positions, views and understandings of Karl Erjavec, the topics that require the attention of the wider Deputy Prime Minister and international community. Minister of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Slovenia This year’s debates made it clear that none of the international challenges can be addressed without cooperation, reliable partners and trust. None of them can be solved unilaterally – whether by a single organisation, a single state or a single company. States must work with each other, with other international actors and with civil society to make global security and development possible.

BSF 2015 3 sharing visions 10 years building partnerships

2006 Political Reform and Sustainable Development in South Caucasus

2007 European Union 2020: Enlarging and Integrating 2015 Visions of New Partnerships

2014 2013 The Power A Changing Europe of Trust in a Changing World

4 Visions of New Partnerships 2009 The Politics of Economic Crisis: Redefining Economic and Geopolitical Landscapes in Europe and Eurasia 2008 Energy and Climate Change: Si.nergy for the Future

2010 Global Outlook for the Next Decade

2011 The Power of the Future

2012 Europe and the Reshaped Global Order

BSF 2015 5 Visions of New Partnerships

Mr Karl Erjavec, Deputy Prime Minister and Min- ister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Slove- nia, noted in his welcome address that the Forum was founded to bring together decision-makers, encourage open debate, and search for new ideas and solutions.

For Minister Erjavec, partnerships are needed for addressing the many challenges to global and regional security, and he noted that the world economy was still recovering from global crisis and that Europe was coping with one of Karl Erjavec, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Slovenia / the biggest migration flows in history. Photo: Tamino Petelinšek, STA

The modern world is more interconnected than ever. Our jobs, projects and all other relationships we have with others are based on cooperation and connections. Partnerships have thus become an essential tool in our everyday activities and for solving “Contemporary chal- our common issues. lenges can only be ad- For all that, the dressed through strong emergence of new and efficient interna- challenges that are tional cooperation.” increasingly complex Slovenian Police Orchestra and Darja Švajger performing at the Opening of the 2015 BSF / Photo: Tamino Petelinšek, STA Karl Erjavec put all of us to the test. With the emer- Dr Miro Cerar, Prime Minister of the Republic of gence of new conflicts and against the backdrop Slovenia, continued by saying that it was above of the escalating migrant crisis in Europe, the all incumbent on leaders to take responsibility calls for partnerships resounded as the 10th and find solutions through new partnerships, BSF got under way. while also finding the way to properly explain to

6 Visions of New Partnerships Opening of the 2015 Bled Strategic Forum, 31 August, 15:00–16:00

Welcome address: Karl Erjavec, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Slovenia

Mayor’s welcome: Janez Fajfar, Mayor of Bled, Slovenia Miro Cerar, Prime Minister of the Republic of Slovenia / Photo: Tamino Petelinšek, STA Keynote speech: their peoples how the positive effects of cooper- Miro Cerar, Prime Minister of the Republic ation outweigh the negative ones. of Slovenia

“More than ever, part- The Prime Minister Chaired by Alain Brian Bergant, Secretary- nerships are needed also stressed that General of the Bled Strategic Forum to find compromise hard situations such and solutions accept- as the current crisis able for all.” usually awake in us “We need strong erance, empathy and Miro Cerar either the worst or the political will, courage solidarity. best. While we might and wisdom. We have confront our biggest challenges with negative to change the para- The Secretary-Gen- emotions and reactions, such as fear or hatred, digm of distrust and eral of the BSF, Am- we can also react to them in a positive manner, regain mutual trust bassador Alain Brian by manifesting our virtues, such as courage, tol- through partnerships.” Bergant, highlighted Alain Brian Bergant that visions and partnerships, alongside trust and other positive values, have become increasingly pressing issues in our changing world at the national, regional and global levels. Never before has the world been in a greater need of partnerships aimed at overcoming crises and the obstacles to development.

The 2015 Bled Strategic Forum therefore aimed at exploring the importance of strong partner-

Alain Brian Bergant, Secretary General of the Bled Strategic Forum / ships and searching for answers on what hap- Photo: Tamino Petelinšek, STA pens when visions are scarce.

BSF 2015 7 A New Global Order: Confrontation or Partnerships?

2015 is a year of important anniversaries, in- Prime Minister of the Grand Duchy of Luxem- cluding the 70th anniversary of the end of the bourg Mr Xavier Bettel added this would require Second World War, the 70th anniversary of the strong leadership, solidarity and overcoming United Nations and the 40th anniversary of the selfishness, urging Helsinki Final Act. However, the key internation- “The easiest way to that we need to take al organisations that were established with a please everyone is to appropriate actions. view to maintaining and strengthening interna- not take decisions.” tional peace are having difficulties in managing Xavier Bettel The President of the today’s major crises. We are being confronted Republic of Slovenia, on the one hand with a mixture of new security Mr Borut Pahor, also stressed the importance challenges and threats, on the other with the of strong leadership, assessing that current erosion of commonly agreed fundamental norms challenges required vision and clear solutions. and principles. There is thus a pressing need to He said that in addition to both EU unity and find common ground on the way towards find- strength of leadership, the adoption of manda- ing solutions to pertinent questions related to tory quotas for the resettlement of migrants is a European and global solution to the current crisis. “Europe has found security and stability. a way to substitute violence and conflict President of the Euro- by peace, democracy pean Council Mr Don- and dialogue.” ald Tusk stressed that Donald Tusk the current migration flows are testament to the fact that, for many, Europe is the best place on Earth. In his words, Europeans should not lose sight of this and should stand united, especially in view of the migration crisis unmasking cracks opened in the European architecture by years of financial and economic turmoil. Donald Tusk, President of the European Council / Photo: Daniel Novaković, STA

8 Visions of New Partnerships Leaders’ panel 31 August, 16:00–17:30

Keynote address by Donald Tusk, President of the European Council

Speakers: Christian Friis Bach, Representative of the UN Secretary-General, Executive Secretary of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

Panel on A New Global Order / Photo: Daniel Novaković, STA Xavier Bettel, Prime Minister of the Grand The key priority for the EU in tackling the crisis Duchy of Luxembourg should be dealing with the root causes of migration, including the situation in countries of Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović, President of the origin, said President of the Republic of Croatia Republic of Croatia Ms Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović. Her view was supported by Mr Aleksandar Vučić, Prime Minister Borut Pahor, President of the Republic of of the Republic of Serbia, who meanwhile de- Slovenia cried attempts by EU countries to prevent refugees from arriving by building border walls as a Aleksandar Vučić, Prime Minister of the solution. Republic of Serbia

Mr Lamberto Zannier, Secretary-General of the Lamberto Zannier, Secretary-General of the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Organisation for Security and Co-operation Europe, highlighted that not only conflicts but in Europe also climate change impacted on migration flows. Europe in this respect will increasingly be Moderated by Nik Gowing, International a desired destination, he noted. In this regard, Broadcaster and Visiting Professor, King’s representative of the UN Secretary-General College, London, United Kingdom and Executive Secretary of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Mr Christian Friis Bach raised the importance of broad partnerships for successful solutions in dealing with climate change, arguing that governments alone did not hold the answer.

BSF 2015 9 Ending Sexual Violence in Conflict: One Year After the Summit

Acts of sexual violence in conflict constitute both a war crime and a crime against humanity. Intended as a method of war, they harm civilians and compromise the personal dignity of victims and their families. Moreover, conflict-related sexual violence is not only a humanitarian, development and human rights issue, but is also one that pertains to security. And as it is present in almost every conflict situation, it requires a comprehensive approach. Despite the international efforts to put an end to it, the panel agreed that many issues remain to Panel on Ending Sexual Violence in Conflict / Photo: Anže Malovrh, STA “We should not treat be tackled and several victims of sexual vio- principles need to be problem – such as gender-based discrimination lence any differently turned into practice. and violence, which are present in all societies than those who were around the world but are exacerbated in conflict wounded in other Substantial progress situations – and the importance of the need to ways.” in this area has already fight impunity. Bojan Glavašević been made in Croatia, which adopted a law Ambassador Mariët Schuurman, the NATO Sec- on reparations for survivors of sexual violence in retary-General’s Special Representative for Wom- conflict. Mr Bojan Glavašević, Assistant Minister en, Peace and Security, noted that it is important for Veterans’ Affairs of the Republic of Croatia, to be faster in identifying risks and preventing highlighted as one of the most important ele- acts of sexual violence in conflict, to lead by ex- ments of the law the separation of the process of ample and to move from principles to practice by granting rights to victims from the prosecution of drawing on practical tools – enhancing education, perpetrators, which did not come naturally. training and developing codes of conduct. Wom- en’s empowerment and equal participation need Mr Stavros Lambrinidis, European Union Spe- to be at the core of all strategies in responding to cial Representative for Human Rights, pointed emerging security challenges, she said. out the need to eliminate the root causes of the

10 Visions of New Partnerships Ms Husić, Director of the Association Medica Panel discussion Zenica, said the main initial challenge was to 31 August, 18:00–19:30 encourage women to speak out. She also pointed to the need for the authorities to take the Speakers: Christine Beerli, Vice-President of the challenges seriously and expressed criticism International Committee of the Red Cross over a lack of response of the government at the national level, even 20 Chris Dolan, Director of the Refugee Law “Thousands and years after the conflict Project, Uganda thousands of women in Bosnia and Herze- could not talk about govina. Bojan Glavašević, Assistant Minister for what happened to Veterans’ Affairs of the Republic of Croatia them. It is crucial to The need to give full speak about these attention to all victims Sabiha Husić, Director of the Association experiences.” of sexual violence – Medica Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina Sabiha Husić girls, women, boys and men – was voiced Stavros Lambrinidis, European Union by Mr Dolan, Director of the Refugee Law Pro- Special Representative for Human Rights ject. The lack of knowledge and experience to Maria Henriette Schuurman, NATO assist and support victim men is a huge chal- Secretary-General’s Special Representative lenge, particularly in Africa, he noted. Mr Dolan for Women, Peace and Security advocated more balanced funding, arguing that disproportionate funds were spent on prosecut- Moderated by Baroness Anelay of St ing perpetrators in comparison to compensation John’s, DBE, Minister of State, Foreign and for victims. In his view, the problem of account- Commonwealth Office, United Kingdom ability also derives from the lack of data collec- tion.

Ms Christine Beerli, Vice-President of the In- ternational Committee of the Red Cross, added that the lessons learned by her organisation in the Balkans are now transferring to the other parts of the world, in particular Africa. Ms Beerli also pointed to the urgent challenge of providing speedy medical assistance to victims, where her organisation acts by presuming acts of sexual violence taking place in every conflict.

Panel on Ending Sexual Violence in Conflict / Photo: Anže Malovrh, STA

BSF 2015 11 Bridges of the Mediterranean: The Power of Intercultural Dialogue

The increasingly loud calls and demands for freedom, dignity and justice have become a new reality in the Mediterranean region, which is still striving to create a common area of peace, stability and prosperity. Intercultural dialogue, based on shared values and mutual respect, as rightly pointed out by the panellists, remains an important tool for bridging the gaps between these countries. It needs to become a comple- mentary element of a comprehensive long-term strategy for tackling “When you look at the root causes of po- Panel on the Power of Intercultural Dialogue / Photo: Tamino Petelinsek, STA numerous conflicts, litical, ideological and poverty and growing social crises in the Ambassador William Lacy Swing, Director-Gener- disparity, you do not region. al of the International Organization for Migration, need to ask yourself meanwhile discussed the current refugee crisis, why people are mi- Tibor Navracsics, Eu- saying that the world was facing an unprecedent- grating.” ropean Commissio ner ed humanitarian situation with many simultane- William Lacy Swing for Education, Cul- ous emergencies. ture, Youth and Sport, described intercultural dialogue as both a plat- According to the State Secretary at the Ministry form and a solution for easing the conflicts and of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Tunisia, Mr tensions in the region. His view was supported Mohamed Ezzine Chleyfa, his country is building by the Minister for Education, Science and Sport trust with the EU through numerous cooperation of the Republic of Slovenia, Dr Maja Makovec policies and is working with the latter in order to Brenčič, who added that it was the responsibility enhance and strengthen institutions dealing with of education systems to foster knowledge about the Mediterranean region. diversity in the world and that through them we need to work towards increasing respect, trust Parliamentary Secretary for the European Union and understanding. Presidency 2017 and European Union Funds at the Ministry for European Affairs and Implemen-

12 Visions of New Partnerships tation of the Electoral Manifesto of the Republic Panel discussion of Malta, the Hon. Ian Borg, stressed that while 1 September, 9:00–10:30 security was a pressing issue, one must also look beyond security and towards addressing issues Speakers: such as tackling youth unemployment and im- Ibrahim Saleh Khalifa Al Naimi, Chairman of the Doha International Centre for proving mobility. Interfaith Dialogue, Qatar

The Deputy Secretary-General for Social and Ian Borg, Parliamentary Secretary for the Civil Affairs of the Union for the Mediterranean, European Union Presidency 2017 and Ms Delphine Borione, noted the need to bring European Union Funds in the Ministry for about a regional response by fostering regional European Affairs and Implementation of the cooperation and enhancing the capacity of all the Electoral Manifesto of the Republic of Malta institutions involved to act collectively, while Delphine Borione, Deputy Secretary-General “For those who think focusing on sustaina- for Social and Civil Affairs, Union for the education is too cost- ble development. Mediterranean ly, try ignorance.” Delphine Borione Discussing the con- Mohamed Ezzine Chleyfa, State Secretary at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the tribution of the Doha Republic of Tunisia International Centre for Interfaith Dialogue, its Chairman, Dr Ibrahim Saleh Khalifa Al Naimi, Marjutka Hafner, Secretary-General of the said that the centre was reaching out to conflict Slovenian National Commission for UNESCO areas and trying to establish dialogue and act as a platform for building peace, while also empow- Maja Makovec Brenčič, Minister for ering women and children through education. Education, Science and Sport of the Republic of Slovenia The State Secretary at the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Slovenia, Mr Anton Peršak, focused Tibor Navracsics, European Commissioner on cultural exchange, saying that it was the best for Education, Culture, Youth and Sport way to broaden our understanding of each other. Stimulating cultural exchange is the best way of Anton Peršak, State Secretary, Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Slovenia gaining knowledge about others and promoting collaboration, he said. The Secretary-General of William Lacy Swing, Director-General of the the Slovenian National Commission for UNESCO, International Organization for Migration Ms Marjutka Hafner, concluded the panel debate by assessing that intercultural dialogue should be Moderated by Abdelhamid El-Zoheiry, translated into practice and political agendas. President of the Euro-Mediterranean University, Slovenia

BSF 2015 13 Development is a Global Partnership

In 2015, as the international community is striving to create a new, post-2015 global development partnership, we are assessing the progress mobilised through the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), reviewing our positive and negative past actions, and preparing to embark on a new stage of improving the quality of life and environment in the years to come. This year, the EU also proclaimed the first European Year dealing with Europe’s role in the world and devoted to raising awareness of, and commitment to, the eradication of poverty. It is together that we must search for joint and sustainable solutions Panel on Development / Photo: Tamino Petelinsek, STA and take responsibility “Sustainable Devel- for our own and every- everything, as what also matters is putting all opment Goals (SDGs) one else’s wellbeing, the pieces in place. are inclusive, not the participants of the applying just to the panel agreed. Assistant Director-General of the Swedish In- South but also to the ternational Development Cooperation Agency, North, giving voice to Ms Tamira Gunzburg, Ms Lena Ingelstam, further stressed the need everyone.” Brussels Director of to develop a broader spectrum of partnerships Tamira Gunzburg The ONE Campaign, between all stakeholders and new ways of work- stressed that even ing. We require effective partnerships between though the developed world spends less than actors such as states, private companies, NGOs one percent of GDP on development assistance, and media, noted Ambassador Srgjan Kerim, a lot could be achieved even with these funds. President of the 62nd Session of the UN Gen- Her view was supported by Mr Erik Gudbrand eral Assembly. Solheim, Chair of the Development Assistance Committee of the Organisation for Economic Mr Miroslav Lajčák, Deputy Prime Minister and Co-operation and Development, who noted that Minister of Foreign and European Affairs of the while securing funding is essential, it is not Slovak Republic, said that public–private part-

14 Visions of New Partnerships Panel discussion 1 September, 11:00–12:30

Speakers: Ivana Djilas, Theatre director and columnist, Slovenia

Tamira Gunzburg, Brussels Director of The ONE Campaign, Belgium

Lena Helena Ingelstam, Assistant Director-General of the Swedish International Development Cooperation Moderator Lucy Lamble / Photo: Tamino Petelinsek, STA Agency, Sweden nerships were instrumental in achieving devel- Srgjan Kerim, President of the 62nd opment goals. He also noted that successful Session of the United Nations General stories required foremost a working state, as Assembly a lack of the rule of “Development law precluded invest- Miroslav Lajčák, Deputy Prime Minister should be a compre- ments and conse- and Minister of Foreign and European hensive goal, not a quently development. Affairs of the Slovak Republic stand-alone agenda.” James Pamment, Senior Lecturer Miroslav Lajčák We have the opportu- in Strategic Communication, Lund nity to overcome our University, Sweden selfishness and become more aware of the fact that everyone should be allowed to have a de- Erik Gudbrand Solheim, Chair of the cent life, suggested Ms Ivana Djilas, a Slovenian Development Assistance Committee, theatre director and columnist. Senior lecturer Organisation for Economic Co-operation in strategic communication at Lund University and Development Dr James Pamment also suggested that we need to start thinking about how to activate voters and Moderated by Lucy Lamble, Global consumers through corporations, various organ- Development Editor at The Guardian, isations, government and municipalities in order United Kingdom to raise the profile of the SDGs and actually in- centivise them.

BSF 2015 15 Strengthening the Fight Against Impunity Through Partnerships and Cooperation

well as universality of the Rome Statute remain key objectives, highlighting that the ICC needs States’ political support and concrete assistance. Understanding what the Court can and cannot do is essential, but it also falls on the Court to improve the efficiency “We need to do more of its proceedings. on combating impunity and strengthening Mr Goran Klemenčič, the rule of law in the Minister of Justice

Panel on Strenghtening the Fight Against Impunity / Photo: Tamino post-conflict areas.” of Slovenia, agreed Petelinsek, STA Goran Klemenčič that it is essential to keep the fight against Following decades pervaded by a culture of im- impunity high on the political agenda, recalling punity, the past 25 years, in particular, have the primary responsibility of states to prosecute brought about significant advances in the fight such crimes and underlining the need to improve against it. We have witnessed the establishment domestic prosecutions. He called on States to of new standards, procedures and institutions to join the MLA Initiative led by Slovenia together ensure the protection of human rights and ac- with Argentina, Belgium and the Netherlands for countability. We have seen indictments of sitting a treaty on mutual legal assistance and extradi- and former heads of state, along with the cre- tion for the domestic prosecution of the atrocity ation of ad hoc and hybrid tribunals as well as crimes, an initiative welcomed by Ms Gurmendi. the International Criminal Court (ICC). Thus, the fight against impunity has become an important Mr Adama Dieng, Under Secretary-General aspect of reconciliation, peace-building, devel- and special adviser to the United Nations Sec- opment, and ensuring lasting peace and stability. retary-General on the Prevention of Genocide, stressed the need for cooperation between the Despite important advances, however, we con- African Union (AU) and the ICC through active tinue to face several challenges. President of dialogue. Referring to the decision of the AU to the ICC Ms Silvia Fernández de Gurmendi noted set up a criminal division at the African Court of that cooperation between the states and ICC, as Justice and Human Rights, Mr Dieng recognized

16 Visions of New Partnerships Panel discussion 1 September, 14:00–15:30

Speakers: Adama Dieng, Under Secretary-General and special adviser to the United Nations Secretary-General on the Prevention of Genocide

Silvia Fernández de Gurmendi, President of

Minister Goran Klemenčič and moderator Lousewies van der Laan / the International Criminal Court Photo: Tamino Petelinsek, STA Goran Klemenčič, Minister of Justice of the the importance of bringing justice closer to the Republic of Slovenia victims, but spoke against the idea of granting immunity to senior Andras Vamos-Goldman, Executive Director “There is a mismatch state officials. of Justice Rapid Response, Switzerland between the potential and political will to Mr Christian Wena Christian Karl Wenaweser, Permanent fight against impunity.” weser, Permanent Representative of the Principality of Christian Karl Wenaweser Representative of Liechtenstein to the United Nations the Principality of Liechtenstein to the United Nations, also noted Abi Williams, President of The Hague that the political calculation should be changed Institute for Global Justice, The through inviting states to commit politically to Netherlands not use their veto on atrocity crimes in the Se- curity Council. Moderated by Lousewies van der Laan, Independent advisor on human rights, While Mr Andras Vamos-Goldman, Executive Di- democracy and the rule of law, Slovenia rector of Justice Rapid Response, stressed the concept of credible accountability, which means people need to believe that the person charged is accountable, Dr Abi Williams, President of The Hague Institute for Global Justice strongly underscored the role of prevention. Dr Williams noted the importance of remembering the past and education, but also pointed to civil society, the media and the private sector as all well placed for exerting pressure on politicians.

BSF 2015 17 The Western Balkans: A Region at the Centre of Geostrategic Deliberations

he also stressed the importance of regional cooperation and strong EU support. We do not need anything but political support, which already ex- ists, and financial support for infrastructure and energy projects. This is of great importance, said Mr Igor Crnadak, Min- “Two decades after ister of Foreign Affairs the end of the war, of Bosnia and Herze- we see momentum in govina. economic and political integration in the Mr Crnadak’s words Panel on Western Balkans / Photo: Tamino Petelinsek, region.” were echoed by Mr Odeta Barbullushi Daniel Mitov, Minister A natural bridge between East and West, through- of Foreign Affairs of out their history the Western Balkans have been the Republic of Bulgaria, who stated that history at a political, economic, cultural and religious had somehow returned and is offering alterna- crossroads as well as a geographical one. With tives to the liberal democracy model. With this in the increasing significance of the region, the mind, it is also the responsibility of the countries promise of stability, closer regional cooperation in the region, already being members of the EU, and EU membership offers it an excellent oppor- to deepen integration in fields of connectivity, tunity, though with so many actors involved, con- transport, energy and migration and include them flicts of interest and objectives seem inevitable. in the strategies of the EU, he said. The empha- sis needs to be put on issues such as economic Several of the panellists highlighted the push that growth and youth employment, said Ambassador the region had received by the Slovenian–Croa- Murat Salim Esenli, Special Representative of the tian Brdo Process and the Franco-German Ber- Minister and Deputy Undersecretary of the Min- lin Process. Both are seen as crucial not just in istry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Turkey, terms of offering specific projects, but also more who also stressed the significance of an inclusive broadly in building trust in the region. Mr Harlem approach towards the Balkans as an entirety. Désir, Minister of State for European Affairs of the French Republic, said that the EU would not Despite the insistence on specific projects to be completed without the Western Balkans, but benefit the citizens of the region, there is a need

18 Visions of New Partnerships for faster integration in the Euro-Atlantic struc- Panel discussion tures, argued Mr Peter Szijjarto, the Minister of 1 September, 16:00–17:30 Foreign Affairs and Trade of Hungary. Continuing on the same note, Mr Nikola Poposki, the Min- Speakers: ister for Foreign Affairs of Macedonia, wondered Odeta Barbullushi, Deputy Minister of why his country, whose prosperity and progress Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Albania are linked to the EU and NATO, is being kept without any progress. Dragoljuba Benčina, State Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic Mr Michael Roth, Minister of State for Europe at of Slovenia the German Federal Foreign Office, noted that the Igor Crnadak, Minister of Foreign Affairs of enlargement process ought to be accelerated but Bosnia and Herzegovina also that many EU citizens had reservations about further enlargement. Despite this, it is necessary Harlem Désir, Minister of State for to support and assist the Western Balkans in the European Affairs of the French Republic best possible way, he said, including by explain- Murat Salim Esenli, Special Representative ing the benefits of further integration to our own of the Minister and Deputy Undersecretary citizens. However, Mr Roth also stressed the re- of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the quirement to fulfil all preconditions before joining Republic of Turkey the EU, as it is foremost a union of values such as democracy, the rule Daniel Mitov, Minister of Foreign Affairs of “Values do matter. of law, freedom of the the Republic of Bulgaria We have lost sight media and independ- Nikola Poposki, Minister for Foreign Affairs of those values and ence of the judiciary. of the Republic of Macedonia principles to which we have committed.” Mr Hoyt Brian Yee, Michael Roth MP, Minister of State for Hoyt Yee Deputy Assistant Sec- Europe, Federal Foreign Office of the retary of the Bureau of Federal Republic of Germany European and Eurasian Affairs at the US Depart- Péter Szijjártó, Minister of Foreign Affairs ment of State, also stressed the need for “getting and Trade of Hungary down to work”. The point of more action is that there should be implementation of what has been Hoyt Brian Yee, Deputy Assistant Secretary agreed over the past years. If these issues are not of the Bureau of European and Eurasian dealt with now, problems will get more difficult, he Affairs, US Department of State stressed. Ms Dragoljuba Benčina, State Secretary Moderated by Jacques Rupnik, Director of at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic Research and professor at the Centre for of Slovenia, also reacted to the notion of decreas- International Studies, Sciences Po, France ing enthusiasm for integration and stressed that enthusiasm will return when people realise that the EU is delivering. BSF 2015 19 The Ageing Society and Development: Is Progress Without Change Possible?

spect for the human rights of people of any age, potentially enabling greater solidarity between generations and thus “There is a need for an inclusive society. a new social contract which will outline our Minister of Labour, way forward, and it is Family, Social Affairs needed now.” and Equal Opportu- Anja Kopač Mrak nities of the Republic of Slovenia Dr Anja

Panel on Ageing Society / Photo: Tamino Petelinsek, STA Kopač Mrak called for a holistic approach in addressing demographic changes, with the inclu- The global social structure is rapidly changing. sion of all stakeholders, especially civil society Our populations are ageing, and increased life and NGOs, as a part of this process. expectancy imposes a heavy burden on public finances and sustainable health systems. “Young people have While Ms Vitalija Gau- The inequality gap between the rich and poor the right to work as caite Wittich, Chief of remains a significant impediment to social pro- older people have the Population Unit at the gress. This gap is particularly visible in devel- right to proper care. United Nations Eco- oping countries, where formal structures that These are two similar nomic Commission for would ensure the well-being of the elderly often issues and we need Europe, explained that lack the requisite capacities. Social structures to find a balance be- solutions need to be and networks predetermine social interactions, tween the two.” found in intergenera- whether along inter- or intra-generational lines. Vitalija Gaucaite Wittich tional cooperation, Mr James Collins, Chair The panel said that the need for bridging these of the NGO Committee on Ageing, spoke about gaps represents a basis for reforming the social the need for a legally binding instrument for the contract and creating a model for long-term protecting rights of older persons. demographic stability and a supportive environment. We must strengthen inter-generational links and foster human rights awareness and re-

20 Visions of New Partnerships Panel discussion 1 September, 16:00–17:30

Speakers: James Collins, Chair of the NGO Committee on Ageing in New York, United States of America

Elsa Fornero, Chair of Economics at the School of Economics and Management, Professor Elsa Fornero / Photo: Tamino Petelinsek, STA University of Turin, Italy

Concurring with his view, Dr Alexandre Sidoren- Vitalija Gaucaite Wittich, Chief of ko, Global Ambassador for HelpAge Interna- Population Unit, United Nations Economic tional, reminded participants that the existing Commission for Europe frameworks in this field, such as the Vienna International Plan of Action on Ageing and the Anja Kopač Mrak, Minister of Labour, Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing, Family, Social Affairs and Equal are not being implemented sufficiently due to Opportunities of the Republic of Slovenia their non-binding status. Alexandre Sidorenko, Global Ambassador Representative of the European Commission for HelpAge International Dr Zoran Stančič, serving as the Deputy Direc- tor-General at the Directorate-General for Com- Zoran Stančič, Deputy Director-General, munications Networks, Content and Technology, Directorate-General for Communications stressed the Commission’s commitment to the Networks, Content and Technology, rights of older persons. He also condemned age- European Commission ism and called for inclusive societies which offer the same rights to all generations. Moderated by Dušana Findeisen, Head of the Institute for Research and Development Similarly, Dr Elsa Fornero, Chair of Economics of Education at the Slovenian Third Age at the School of Economics and Management University, Slovenia at the University of Turin, stressed the need to introduce more flexibility in retirement, as old people still have a lot to contribute to society, a view expressed several times during the debate.

BSF 2015 21 Economic Convergence in the Post-Global Financial Crisis Period: The Role of Reforms and Partnerships

In recent years, the global financial crisis has Koo, Chief Economist at the Nomura Research had a negative effect on economic growth and on Institute in Japan, agreed that after years of the pace at which the majority of countries can strong growth built on cheap labour, the time catch up with the income levels of the most eco- has come to increase the productivity of work- nomically advanced ones. At the global level, the ers. The danger that a Chinese “sneeze” could economic outlook indicates more modest growth. hurt the recovery of crisis-hit Eurozone states Furthermore, the pace of global recovery is fac- remains, said the Minister for Finance of Ireland, ing many risks, including increased geopolitical Mr Michael Noonan, but he maintained that tensions and their repercussions for commodity signs pointed to the markets and the real sector. Financial shocks, “China intentionally Chinese economy including those arising from the normalisation slowed down after the being fundamentally of monetary policy in financial crisis. We had sound. “In today’s world, advanced economies, to change towards effi- economic and finan- further add to the un- ciency, quality…” The Minister of Fi- cial relations are at certainty. Yanyi Yang nance of the Repub- the centre and more lic of Slovenia, Dr crucial than ever.” Clearly pursuing mac- Dušan Mramor, was somewhat more cautious, Dušan Mramor roeconomic policies saying that Slovenia was concerned by events to facilitate post-crisis adjustment and implementing adequate reforms represents a priority, the panel agreed. In this regard, partnerships between countries, including effective coordination of macroeconomic policies, are becoming an important engine of growth.

Ms Yanyi Yang, Ambassador and Head of Mis- sion of the People’s Republic of China to the Eu- ropean Union, argued that the current economic developments in China represented a shift from “quantity to quality in production”. Mr Richard C. Minister Noonan and Minister Mramor / Photo: Anže Malovrh, STA

22 Visions of New Partnerships in China and that these could affect Slovenia’s Business BSF recovery. Focusing on the recovery efforts in the Eurozone, the debate also heard distinct views Panel discussion on the usefulness of policy recommendations by 1 September, 9:30–11:00 the European Commission to member States. While some countries saw them as a friendly Speakers: push, Senator Benedetto Della Vedova, State Benedetto Della Vedova, State Secretary, Secretary at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Italian Italian Republic, assessed them as a strait-jacket Republic for countries requiring “In the EU we cannot economic stimulus. Isabel Grilo, Head of Unit for Structural create ‘one size fits Reforms, Competitiveness and Innovation, all’ policies – Ireland Moreover, the Vice- Directorate-General for Economic and is not same as Greece Governor of the Croa Financial Affairs, European Commission or Italy.” tian National Bank, Mr Benedetto Della Vedova Vedran Sošić, pointed Richard C. Koo, Chief Economist, Nomura to the importance of Research Institute, Japan countries themselves taking ownership of reforms. To make easier the task of implementing Janko Medja, President of the NLB difficult reforms, governments need to act at the Management Board, Slovenia beginning of their term, said Ms Isabel Grilo, Head of Unit for Structural Reforms, Competi- Dušan Mramor, Minister of Finance of the tiveness and Innovation at the Directorate-Gen- Republic of Slovenia eral for Economic and Financial Affairs of the European Commission. Michael Noonan, Minister for Finance of Ireland For Chairman of the Management Board of the Slovenian bank NLB Mr Janko Medja, continual Vedran Šošić, Vice-Governor of the efforts to bolster competitiveness need to focus Croatian National Bank on transcending the four-year government cycle. Non-governmental entities, including business- Yanyi Yang, Ambassador and Head of es, can play a vital role in this, he assessed. Mission of the People’s Republic of China to the European Union

Moderated by Lionel Barber, Editor of the Financial Times, United Kingdom

BSF 2015 23 Building New Partnerships for a Strong Tourism Industry

destination. Mr Marcio Favilla Lucca de Paula, the Executive Director for Operational Programmes and Institutional Relations at the World Tourism Organization, stressed that concerted action was needed among gov- “International tourism ernments, civil society accounts for some and industry, so the 10% of the global BSF could not have economy, 1.5 trillion come at a better time. US dollars of exports, and provides 1 out of Mr Favilla also said 11 jobs and 30% of that while Europe re- Panel on Tourism / Photo: Stanko Gruden, STA services exports.” mained the top source Tourism is one of the fastest growing econom- Márcio Favilla Lucca de market in tourism, ic sectors in the world, and in 2015 the world Paula the importance of the seems smaller and more accessible. Because Asia-Pacific region of the maturity of traditional markets and the was growing exponentially. He added that desti- search for prospective business opportunities, nations should not neglect their existing markets, countries are opening their doors wide to new as 80% of tourists come from the same region. markets. As national partnerships do not suffice Mr Alain Dupeyras, Head of Tourism at the Or- in the present competitive environment, the pan- ganisation for Economic Co-operation and Devel- ellists from across the world underscored the im- opment, pointed to some of the biggest challeng- portance of partnerships on different levels and es, including ways to become more inclusive for among different players for sustainable growth in local environments and addressing issues such the sector. as safety.

In his opening address, Minister of Economic Mr Wei Hongtao, Member of the Party Leader- Development and Technology of the Republic of ship Group at the Chinese National Tourism Ad- Slovenia Mr Zdravko Počivalšek expressed a be- ministration, presented tourism trends in China, lief that the CEEC (Central and Eastern Europe) the biggest source country and the fourth big- region can become an important global tourist gest inbound destination in the world. He added

24 Visions of New Partnerships Business BSF

Panel discussion 1 September, 10:00–12:30 that despite the current cooling of the Chinese economy, there were no indicators that this was Speakers: affecting the travel plans of the Chinese. Alain Dupeyras, Head of Tourism, Organisation for Economic Co-operation Meanwhile, Mr Pedro Ortún Silvan, Principal and Development Adviser for Tourism and Corporate Social Re- sponsibility at the Directorate-General for Enter- Márcio Favilla Lucca de Paula, Executive prise and Industry of the European Commission, Director for Operational Programmes and pointed out that the mind-set in the industry was Institutional Relations, World Tourism slowly changing and that destinations were be- Organization coming more willing to cooperate among each other. In his view, po- Mario Hardy, Chief Executive Officer of the “Tourism policymak- litical willingness is Pacific Asia Travel Association, Thailand ers need to grasp the the key for boosting complexity of tourism the sector. Wei Hongtao, Member of the Party development and Leadership Group, China National Tourism combine different In this respect, Mr Mi- Administration, China policies in order to hály Varga, Minister for make them efficient the National Economy Pedro Ortún Silvan, Principal Adviser and performant.” of Hungary, stressed for Tourism and Corporate Social Alain Dupeyras the importance of Responsibility, DG GROW, European macro-regional coop- Commission eration, especially for the CEEC, which alone is unable to attract many overseas tourists, due to Zdravko Počivalšek, Minister of Economic the small size of the individual markets. Mr Mario Development and Technology of the Hardy, the Chief Executive Officer of the Pacif- Republic of Slovenia ic Asia Travel Association, said that in order to spread arrivals and revenue to locations around Mihály Varga, Minister for the National iconic destinations, tourists must be encouraged Economy of Hungary to explore. He noted that while some of the most popular destinations attract more tourists than Moderated by Igor Evgen Bergant, Anchor they can handle, their surroundings may remain at Television Slovenia unexplored, failing to benefit from the masses travelling nearby.

BSF 2015 25 The Trans-Atlantic Trade and Investment Partnership and the Trans-Atlantic Value Chain

latter grew in the three years after it was signed by more than 30 percent, in the same period Slovenian trade with South Korea grew only by a couple of percent. At the same time however, exports of the Slovenian automotive industry to German automotive industry grew rapidly.

This was echoed by Vice-President of Govern- mental and External Affairs at the BMW Group Dr Thomas Becker, who noted that all car manu- facturers from both sides of the ocean want the agreement to succeed, as it will not only benefit Panel on TTIP / Photo: Anže Malovrh, STA companies but will trickle down and will cascade The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Part- into the entire value nership (TTIP) is not the first attempt to estab- “The TTIP might be chain in the automotive lish an integrated market between the EU and the most important industry. the US, but after more than two years and ten agreement in my rounds of negotiations, the two sides have never lifetime.” Mr Morten Løkkegaard, before come closer to the goal of concluding an Morten Løkkegaard member of the Dan- ambitious and comprehensive agreement that ish Parliament, also would allow transatlantic trade and investment pointed to the geopolitical aspects of the TTIP, to expand even further. which are as important as the economic ones. Senior Trade Representative at the US Mission In his contribution, Mr Aleš Cantarutti, State to the EU Ms Elena Bryan also welcomed the Secretary at the Ministry of Economic Develop- agreement, saying that the TTIP represents a ment and Technology of the Republic of Slove- tremendous opportunity for the US to forge an nia, pointed to a study which showed that the even more enhanced relationship with its natural TTIP would have no effect on his country unless partner, while noting that this was never going to Slovenia went that extra mile. He noted that the be an easy or rapid negotiation. analysis of a similar agreement with South Korea showed that while trade between the EU and the

26 Visions of New Partnerships Mr Lutz Guellner, Head of Unit for Information, Business BSF Communication and Civil Society at the Europe- an Commission’s Directorate-General for Trade, Panel discussion welcomed the vibrant debate surrounding the 1 September, 11:30–13:00 TTIP, stressing that “This agreement will while people should Speakers: only work if it is com- not expect a miracle, Thomas Becker, Vice President of prehensive. We need they should certainly Governmental and External Affairs, BMW to achieve a balanced not expect Armaged- Group, Germany agreement... and we don! do not just want to do Elena Bryan, Senior trade representative, a trade agreement… On the other hand, Mr US Mission to the European Union we want to be at the Richard Jean Elsner, forefront.” founder of the MORE Aleš Cantarutti, State Secretary, Ministry of Lutz Guellner project GmbH, voiced Economic Development and Technology of some concerns about the Republic of Slovenia how the agreement would affect small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which are a ma- Richard Jean Elsner, Founder of MORE jor contributor to the European economy, noting Project GmbH, Germany that the distortion of trade could seriously dam- age their business. Several concerns were also Andrej Gnezda, Project Manager, voiced by Mr Andrej Gnezda, Project Manager at Umanotera, Slovenia the Slovenian NGO Umanotera, pointing to the trade negotiation process and the exclusion of Lutz Guellner, Head of Unit for some opinions of experts and member states. Information, Communication and Civil Society, Directorate-General for Trade, “Transparency remains a problem – and there European Commission is a problem of inclusiveness in the process.” Andrej Gnezda Morten Løkkegaard, Member of the Danish Parliament, Denmark

Moderated by Anže Burger, Assistant Professor of International Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia

BSF 2015 27 A New Perspective on Transport: Investing to Connect Europe

To bring the European transport system into the 21st century, considerable investments are needed. Connecting Europe through a more uni- fied and efficient transport system will require building missing links and eliminating bottle- necks. To make the best use of the existing and future infrastructure, and to develop a transport system that is at the service of passengers and companies alike, intelligent systems and cleaner modes of transport will need to be deployed at the European level. Only a connected EU trans- Panel on Transport / Photo: Anže Malovrh, STA port system without barriers will boost job cre- ation and growth in port were covered, making transport greener and “We want to connect Europe and strength- placing public transport as a priority, he said. industrial hubs in such en our international a way they will be ready competitiveness, the Mr Dragomir Matić, President of the Manage- for facilitating growth panel agreed. ment Board of Slovenian port operator Luka without damaging the Koper, noted that Slovenia’s sole maritime port environment.” The European Com- connected partners and customers in the region. Violeta Bulc missioner for Trans- He noted that two-thirds of the goods from Luka port, Ms Violeta Koper were destined for neighbouring countries. Bulc, opened the debate by pointing out that the This route is competitive with ports in northern EU was facing a great challenge in how to create Europe as it is faster for ships coming from the infrastructure for people to move, collaborate, Far East, he added. produce and distribute goods and services. Mr Michael Müller, member of the executive Dr Peter Gašperšič, Minister of Infrastructure of board of airport operator Fraport AG, believes the Republic of Slovenia, is looking forward to that aviation and transport infrastructure in gen- changes and challenges in the field; Slovenia’s eral should get better support, as in Slovenia, focus was making sure that all sectors of trans- like in other countries, infrastructure enterprises are understood as an engine of the economy.

28 Visions of New Partnerships Mr František Palko, Deputy Minister of Transport, Business BSF Construction and Regional Development of the Slovak Republic, said that due to its geographic Panel discussion location, Slovakia represented a very important 1 September, 14:00–15:30 crossroads in Europe, providing numerous opportunities for facilitating Speakers: “Transport is one of trans-European trans- Violeta Bulc, European Commissioner for the key areas of EU port networks. In the Transport cooperation.” last three years the František Palko country has invested Peter Gašperšič, Minister of Infrastructure three billion euros in of the Republic of Slovenia transport projects which are also important for the single European market, he said, adding that Dragomir Matić, President of the a solution to financing of future transport should Management Board of Luka Koper d.d., be found, including by enhancing public–private Slovenia partnerships. Michael Müller, Member of the executive board of Fraport AG, Germany

František Palko, Deputy Minister of Transport, Construction and Regional Development of the Slovak Republic

Dan Ťok, Minister of Transport of the Czech Republic

Sławomir Żałobka, Undersecretary of Panel on Transport / Photo: Anže Malovrh, STA State at the Ministry for Infrastructure and Development of the Republic of Poland Mr Dan Ťok, Minister of Transport of the Czech Republic, noted that his country was still poorly Moderated by Patrick D. Cowden, Founder connected with Europe, adding that, for exam- of Beyond Leadership, Germany ple, in December the country would reopen a railway that was closed as far back as in 1951. Mr Sławomir Żałobka, Undersecretary of State at the Ministry for Infrastructure and Development of the Republic of Poland, stressed that people expect higher mobility, environmental solutions and smartness of systems, in which the EU was relatively successful. BSF 2015 29 Looking Around Corners: Why the Future Isn’t What it Used to Be

This year’s Night-Owl Session provided an opportunity for an informal talk about the changes and challenges of the future. The panellists agreed that we are not going to get ahead of the fast pace of change unless we are willing to take more risks and be “There are profound more innovative in our changes in everything thinking. we do.” Luciano Cirinà The audience heard that it was more than worrying to hear some leaders at the BSF claim Nigh Owl-Session / Photo: Tamino Petelinsek, STA that we did not need to look at the future or have a grand vision but that instead we just needed to Mr Donald Tusk that “a boring Europe is a good fix short-term issues. Stressing the importance Europe”, stressing that while there may have of forward-looking approaches to challenges, Mr been a period when a Luciano Cirinà, CEO at Generali CEE Holding “Learn from our boring Europe worked, B.V., noted that we now live in a multi-scenario (Japanese) experience this period was now world. – fix the Maastricht over. Treaty.” Mr Thomas M. Countryman, Assistant Secretary Richard C. Koo Discussing the global for International Security and Non-proliferation economic and finan- at the US Department of State, spoke about the cial crisis, an idea was raised that we ought Iran nuclear deal as a major breakthrough. He to allow governments to borrow more in order also noted its potential for European business to stabilise the economy and balance the bal- and asked whether it might lead to a gradual ance sheets of the private sector before fixing internal change in the direction of greater de- the government balance sheets themselves. Mr mocracy and respect for human rights. Richard C. Koo, Chief Economist at the Nomura Research Institute, warned that the European One of the participants also touched upon a financial framework had not anticipated such a remark by President of the European Council crisis and pointed to the fact that we need to

30 Visions of New Partnerships Panel discussion

Night-Owl Session 31 August, 22:00

Speakers: Luciano Cirinà, CEO at Generali CEE Holding B.V., Czech Republic

Thomas M. Countryman, Assistant Secretary for International Security and Luciano Cirinà, CEO at Generali CEE Holding B.V / Photo: Tamino Non-Proliferation, US Department of State Petelinsek, STA think “out of the box” when designing approach- Richard C. Koo, Chief Economist of es to these kinds of challenges. Nomura Research Institute, Japan

Mr Primož Pusar, partner and CEO of Pristop, Primož Pusar, Partner and CEO of Pristop, pointed to the issue of “big data” and its im- Slovenia pact on businesses, noting its huge potential, as nowadays more and more things in our lives are Alenka Smerkolj, Minister without portfolio being shaped by it; indeed, he argued, almost responsible for development, strategic everything we do is already being affected and projects and cohesion of the Republic of influenced by big data. Slovenia

Ms Alenka Smerkolj, minister without portfolio Moderated by Angela Wilkinson, Strategic responsible for development, strategic projects Foresight Counsellor at the Organisation for and cohesion of the Republic of Slovenia, spoke Economic Co-operation and Development about today’s changes being coupled with new phenomena, such as digitalisation, which are also changing the nature of our businesses and pointed to the fact that businesses will have to adapt to the new digital age or face becoming obsolete.

“The future is like an ocean: it provides boundless opportunities but also many threats.” Alenka Smerkolj

BSF 2015 31 Resounding Diplomacy: Music in International Relations

Music is a powerful sonic medium, with recent findings implying an incredibly strong connec- tion between the human brain and musical impulses. It is thus unsurprising that for over a century, music has been employed as a tool for influencing others and achieving objectives. The panel proved an interesting topic for debate on less conventional issues of international relations, showing how music and cultural exchange have helped bridge major divisions, for instance during the Cold War in

“Music can some- Germany and between Panel on Hidden Dimensions of International Relations / times accomplish the US and the East. Photo: Tamino Petelinsek, STA more than words, This idea was picked up on by Mr Ivan Novak, since it addresses One such example member of the internationally acclaimed Slo- emotions that are uni- was Germany during venian music and cross-media group Laibach, versally understood.” the Cold War, ar- who noted that Armstrong’s concert in Slovenia Chris Walden gued six-time Gram- was one of the first major music events in the my-nominated com- country following the Tito–Stalin split. Mr Novak poser, arranger and conductor Mr Chris Walden, also spoke about Laibach’s recent experience who pointed to the fact that the gap between the in North Korea and about how the Korean or- mind-sets of the two sides disappeared at con- ganisers were putting their necks on the line by certs and that music and cultural exchange had bringing the group to a country that is trying to a lot to do with what in the end led to the fall open up. He illustrated how the group tried to of the Wall. He also highlighted to how US jazz bridge the gap to the Korean audience by play- musicians like Louis Armstrong surpassed the ing covers from The Sound of Music, a film that expectations of the US government when they is actually allowed in the country and is used by were sent abroad to spread the idea of “free- many people to learn English. dom” by in fact not following the script set for them.

32 Visions of New Partnerships Panel discussion

Hidden Dimensions of International Relations 1 September, 9:30–10:30

Speakers: Ivan Novak, Member of internationally acclaimed music and cross-media group Laibach

Ivan Novak, Laibach / Photo: Tamino Petelinsek, STA Darja Švajger, Performing artist, former The debate also revolved around the Eurovision Slovenian Eurovision representative, Song Contest and its political implications, with assistant professor at the University of Ms Darja Švajger, former Slovenian Eurovision Ljubljana, Slovenia representative, arguing that this is a festival of music where there should be no room for booing Chris Walden, Six-time Grammy-nominated because of politics. Mr Novak begged to differ, composer, arranger and conductor, United noting how Eurovision is the one place where States of America artists represent their country and how it is hard to separate any public and artistic performance Moderated by Žiga Pirnat, Bled Strategic from politics. Forum Creative Director, Slovenia

Touching on the ethical issues surrounding Lai- bach’s trip to North Korea, Mr Novak said Lai- bach would probably have to play on the Moon if the above said should be understood as a criterion, since no country really has a clean moral record. Ms Švajger meanwhile felt that musicians are in a way also diplomats for their countries, providing an insight for outsiders into their cultures. As a member of the first official Slovenian Band Aid group, she also believes in the capacity of music to help people in distress and in conflict resolution.

BSF 2015 33 Partnerships as a Cornerstone of ITF’s Efforts

• Clearance of mines, cluster munitions and BSF side event other explosive remnants of war. 1 September, 11:00–12:00 • Mine-victim assistance. • Destruction of surplus weapons and A presentation of ITF Enhancing Human Secu- ammunition. rity (ITF) by Mr Damjan Bergant, ITF Director, • Advocacy and awareness-raising. and Ms Sabina Beber Boštjančič, ITF Deputy • Mine-risk education. Director, took place on the sides of this year’s • Physical security and stockpile-management BSF. Established by the Slovenian Government activities. in March 1998, ITF is as a non-profit and hu- • Emergency response to unplanned explosions manitarian organisation. Ever since its establish- at munitions sites. ment, it has enjoyed indispensable support from • Capacity-building. the Slovenian government. Originally the ITF • Coordination, collaboration and mobilisation was called the International Trust Fund for Dem- of resources in support of mine action and ining and Mine Victims’ Assistance, focusing its overall development. activity on Bosnia and Herzegovina; gradually, following the needs of other governments, the As can be inferred from ITF’s full name (changed wishes of the donor community and its increas- in 2012), the backbone of its work is human ing visibility, ITF has expanded its activities not security. ITF understands human security as a only to the rest of South-East Europe, but also human-centred, holistic, multi-sector approach to other conflict-affected regions and countries: supporting the nexus between mine action Central Asia, the southern Caucasus, North Afri- and broader humanitarian, development and ca and the Middle East. human rights issues. This framework enables humanitarian mine action interventions to be A broadening thematic scope of activities went implemented in a people-first manner with the hand-in-hand with this expanded geographic objective of ensuring the right of people to live area: first dealing with demining and mine-vic- in freedom and dignity, free from poverty and tim assistance, ITF now covers the entire spec- despair. trum of humanitarian mine action and more:

34 Visions of New Partnerships BSF side event – ITF / Photo: Tamino Petelinsek, STA ITF Director Damjan Bergant and ITF Deputy Director Sabina Beber Boštjančič / Photo: Tamino Petelinsek, STA

ITF’s strategic pillars correspond with its activ- • Clearing and returning into use over 131.3 ities and mirror the human security approach: million sq. metres of mine-contaminated • Strategic Pillar I: Reducing threats from land. mines, explosive remnants of war and other • More than 430,000 schoolchildren and at-risk weapons and ammunition. adults living in mine-polluted areas receiving • Strategic Pillar II: Facilitating safe, long-term mine-risk education. development and building the resilience of • 1,233 mine/UXO survivors being conflict-affected communities. rehabilitated. • Over 14,500 mine survivors receiving In order to strategically address disruptive psychosocial assistance. challenges and implement the strategic pillars • Over 1,000 individuals being trained in the in practice, the concerted effort of a variety of field of mine action (mine-victim assistance, partners/stakeholders is required. Therefore ITF humanitarian demining and management). works with local, national, regional and international partners on a daily basis. Considering the unfolding salient issues in the field of human security, ITF welcomes and looks This multifaceted perspective on partnerships forward to establishing new partnerships so as has enabled ITF, in its 17 years of activities, to effectively and successfully further its mis- to raise USD 389 million of donations and im- sion. In this regard, ITF is open to new donors plement over 3,000 humanitarian mine action or supporting public and private stakeholders projects, including: and to further broadening the geographic and thematic scope of its activities.

BSF 2015 35 Young BSF: Partnerships of Visions

Three days of debates and workshops dedicated Young BSF to an innovative entrepreneurial environment, 28 August–1 September sustainable and green development, and internet security confirmed that partnerships that give The 2015 Young Bled Strategic Forum (Young birth to visions cannot exist without trust. BSF), its fifth edition, brought together young professionals and aspiring leaders from around First, debate at the “Partnerships of Visions” the globe to discuss a number of pressing issues forum searched for answers on how to foster an faced by countries and societies worldwide. The innovative entrepreneurial environment. At the event, which has become a traditional event panel, moderated by Mr Tilen Travnik, COO of leading up to the BSF, gathered more than 30 D·Labs, a company helping start-ups enter the participants from Afghanistan, Bosnia and Her- market, the participants from a wide array of zegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Columbia, Finland, fields, among them diplomats, entrepreneurs, Germany, Italy, Iran, Mexico, Montenegro, The NGO members, academics and civil-society ac- Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, tivists, heard that multinational corporations play Spain, Switzerland, the UK, and the US. a vital role in the start-up environment, as they

2015 Young BSF Opening / Photo: Anže Malovrh, STA

36 Visions of New Partnerships Building the Future: Opportunity for Aspiring Young Leaders‘ / Panel on Innovative Entrepreneurial Environment / Photo: Anže Malovrh, STA Photo: Anže Malovrh, STA provide the bulk of the funding needed. But even emissions. Ms Gaja Brecelj, Managing Director multinationals need start-ups in order to help of Slovenian environmental NGO Umanotera, them adapt to the ever-changing market and pointed to several burning issues connected to client demands, according to panellists Ms An- the global economic system and underlined that amarija Meglič, Director of the Ypsilon institute, “the entire world is connected and we are all re- which focuses on inter-generational projects, sponsible for the way it is shaped”. and Mr Dejan Roljič, Founder & CEO of the ABC Accelerator, one of the top start-up accelerators The participants then spent the afternoon in in the world, based in Ljubljana. Ljubljana, welcomed by Deputy Mayor Ms Tjaša Ficko. Ms Ficko presented the ways in which The day continued with a debate about going green, moderated by Mr Miha Pongrac, journal- ist at Slovenian National Radio. Mr Aidan Cerar, Project Manager at the Regional Development Agency of the Ljubljana Urban Region, presented the “Library of Things” (Knjižnica reči), a project that allows the community to borrow items they need only temporarily, just like borrowing a book from a library. In his opinion, a combination of sharing platforms could help us in addressing the most pressing environmental challenges. Mean- while, Dr Marko Maver, an expert in international environmental law, talked about models of carbon capture and storage, which could contribute Deputy Mayor of Ljubljana, Ms Tjaša Ficko / to the efforts towards reducing greenhouse gas Photo: Anže Malovrh, STA

BSF 2015 37 Participants of the 2015 Young BSF / Photo: Anže Malovrh, STA

Ljubljana, recently awarded the title European The 2015 Young BSF concluded with a debate Green Capital 2016, has become a greener city on “Building the Future: Opportunity for Aspiring in recent years. Young Leaders”. Discussing the qualities of good leaders, the panellists, along with other partici- On its second day, the Young BSF participants pants, brought to light the importance of knowl- discussed internet security and privacy issues. edge, courage, passion, emotional intelligence The session moderated by Ms Simona Vučak, and humility. Looking back at how their lives Public Relations Adviser at the Ministry of For- and careers had developed, the panellists shared eign Affairs of the Republic of Slovenia, under- the view that one needs to leave one’s options scored the importance of informing the public open. Dr Danilo Türk, a former president of the about what sort of data is being collected by gov- Republic of Slovenia, added that it is good to set ernments and private companies and for what a course for oneself when one is young and am- purposes. “The principle of proportionality must bitious, while at the same time remaining open to always be observed,” stressed Ms Nataša Pirc changes later in life. President of the Euro-Med- Musar, a human rights expert and former Slo- iterranean University Dr Abdelhamid El-Zoheiry venian Information Commissioner. Meanwhile, stressed that good decisions may come from fail- Mr Drago Kos, Chair of the Organisation for Eco- ure and that Europe should encourage a “culture nomic Co-operation and Development’s Working of failure” similar to that in the US. Dr Danica Group on Bribery and Slovenia’s first President Purg, President of IEDC – Bled School of Man- of the Commission for the Prevention of Corrup- agement, underscored that a successful lead- tion, stressed that not every piece of information er is capable of shaping a team of co-workers was in the public interest and that leaking con- that complement each other, while Ms Katarina fidential data did not automatically make you a Kresal, founder and President of the European whistle-blower. Centre for Dispute Resolution, underscored the

38 Visions of New Partnerships Ms Danica Purg, host of the Young BSF / Photo: Anže Malovrh, STA Panel on Internet Security / Photo: Anže Malovrh, STA

added value of co-workers with diverging views, DID YOU KNOW? as this leads to better decisions. The moderator, The Young BSF was established with the objec- Ms Ajša Vodnik, Executive Director of AmCham tive of giving young people with visions and ideas Slovenia, passed on a message from human an opportunity to be heard and to formulate out- rights activist Mr Tomo Križnar, who was unable of-the-box solutions to pressing contemporary to attend the event, calling on EU to accept ref- issues. ugees and to be compassionate towards people fleeing conflict. Adding to this, Ms Tanja Fajon, The host of Young BSF is IEDC – Bled School Member of the European Parliament, stressed of Management, one of the leading management the need for an open debate about refugees and and leadership development institutions in Cen- getting to know their culture to prevent prejudice, tral and South-East Europe. Visit www.iedc.si to arguing that the EU should come up with a new learn more. asylum policy. In October 2015, the Young BSF was awarded the “Friend of the Year” (PriYatelj leta) title by the Ypsilon Institute, a non-governmental, non-profit organisation working in the field of youth.

BSF 2015 39 2015 BSF Impressions

“The Bled Forum is so “As Bled is one of the symbols much more than ‘Davos of Slovenia, the Bled Strategic in the Balkans’. It is more Forum is a symbol for intimate, more open and more communication of the regional committed to the European agenda and a manifestation dimension. I have learnt of sound partnerships and a lot, especially regarding collaborations”. international law. And the lake Violeta Bulc, European Commissioner “There can be no better beats the mountains!” for Transport place for discussions on Lionel Barber, Editor of the Financial global challenges than the Times, United Kingdom “Bled brings together a unique beautiful shores of Lake Bled. combination that is truly one- A fantastic atmosphere where “We have been sharing and of-a-kind in the world today. In insightful people find common promoting inspiring and the heart of Europe, close to ground on the main issues of important ideas for future Africa and right between Asia our time.” sustainable development and America, Bled bridges Erik Gudbrand Solheim, Chair of the around the world with the Bled and deeply connects the world Development Assistance Committee, Strategic Forum. Bled points together like no other place Organisation for Economic Co- out what moves the world on the planet. Truly the ideal operation and Development outside the corporate walls location to discuss our most and what we, as a Corporate pressing global issues.” “The often overwhelming Citizen, have to consider in our Patrick D. Cowden, Founder of Beyond number of pressing global daily business.” Leadership, Germany and regional issues demand Thomas Becker, Vice-President of examination, scrutiny and Governmental and External Affairs, “The Bled Strategic Forum was debate at the highest levels. BMW Group, Germany a great opportunity for MORE The Bled Strategic Forum has to exchange face-to-face with shown how convening the “Congratulations, Slovenia! some key actors in the ongoing top levels of political players The Bled Strategic Forum has saga of TTIP, in the beautiful and experts can swiftly earn developed into a high-level and rarefied atmosphere a reputation as one of the and meaningful platform for of an Alpine lake setting in best in a crowded conference the search for solutions to the Slovenia.” market”. most pressing topics on the Richard Jean Elsner, Founder of Nik Gowing, International Broadcaster international agenda.” MORE project GmbH, Germany and Visiting Professor, King’s College, Xavier Bettel, Prime Minister of the London, United Kingdom Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

40 Visions of New Partnerships “Surrounded by a picturesque “In peaceful, Alpine-blue lake, with a medieval castle Bled, I was reminded that if nestled on a cliff above, Bled Europe stays true to its values, is a remedy where ‘healing’ it will win its future. I will be hot global issues ble(n) defending that ideal long after ds well with local calm and this year’s excellent Strategic tranquillity. This forum simply Forum.” delivers!” Donald Tusk, President of the Miroslav Lajčák, Deputy Prime European Council Minister and Minister of Foreign “Bled is a unique place to and European Affairs of the Slovak “The Bled Strategic Forum is discuss pressing global issues Republic addressing the two really big among policymakers, business questions facing all societies: and civil society, especially “Bled, with its special how can we create our future with a perspective from the setting and atmosphere, is and who is the ‘we’ that will an inspiring place for open, southeast of Europe.” get us there?” frank and fruitful discussions Lutz Guellner, Head of Unit for which go beyond our everyday Angela Wilkinson, Strategic Foresight Information, Communication and Civil Counsellor at the Organisation Society, Directorate General for Trade, business.” for Economic Co-operation and European Commission Michael Roth MP, Minister of State for Development Europe, Federal Foreign Office of the “The Bled Strategic Forum Federal Republic of Germany “Bled offers a unique setting is an impressive gathering of “The Bled Strategic Forum is for strategic discussions on the decision-makers and experts, a global event where the key most urgent global challenges and I truly appreciate the fact questions are asked and the of our times. Over the last that international criminal essential answers from the ten years, the Bled Strategic justice features so strongly primary sources are received.” Forum has established itself on the Forum’s agenda every Alexandre Sidorenko, Global as a leading international year.” Ambassador for HelpAge International event able to inspire high- Silvia Fernández de Gurmendi, level decision-making with President of the International Criminal “Inspirational debate on the innovative and forward-looking Court current trends in transport thinking to understand the infrastructure and the excellent present and shape a better company of leaders from both “Slovenia deftly illustrates how future”. the public and private sectors: a small country can be big in Lamberto Zannier, Secretary General Bled is a unique example that promoting the rule of law, by of the Organisation for Security and connecting people and places Co-operation in Europe consistently having a high-level makes great sense.” panel on fighting impunity at Dan Ťok, Minister of Transport of the the Bled Strategic Forum.” Czech Republic Lousewies van der Laan, Independent Advisor on Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law, Slovenia

BSF 2015 41 2015 Bled Strategic Forum: Facts and Figures

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Bled Strategic Forum was the 10th in a row. Participants took part in Altogether, 540 people from more than 2,070 minutes or 65 countries, 24 hours of sessions 5 continents and 7 international organisations registered for the forum. and discussions, totalling 25 separate events. Bled

Greenland Slovenia

Canada

Iceland

U. S. A. Sweden

Norway

Finland

Mexico Ireland Denmark Kiribati

U. K. Netherlands Estonia

Lithuania Latvia Belgium The Bahamas Samoa Germany Poland Islands Cuba Lux. Guatemala Belize Jamaica Czech Byelarus El Salvador Licht. France Switz. Honduras Dom. Rep. Portugal R u s s ia Tonga Haiti Austria Slovakia Italy Hungary Nicaragua Costa Rica Spain Bosna Croatiaand Ukraine Herzegovina Romania Moldova Montenegro Serbia Panama Canary Islands Kosovo Bulgaria French Morocco Albania Macedonia Polynesia Ecuador Venezuela Western Sahara Greece Colombia Tunisia Guyana Algeria Kazakhstan Suriname Georgia Turkey Armenia Mauritania Azerbaijan Peru French Guiana Cyprus Senegal Lebanon provided Syria Uzbekistan BMW vehicles Gambia 69 Israel Guinea Bissau Turkmenistan Libya Mali Jordan Kyrgyzstan Guinea Egypt Iraq Sierra Leone Niger Tajikistan Bolivia Burkina Mongolia Ivory Kuwait Brazil Ghana Coast Benin Iran Liberia Afghanistan Togo Nigeria Chad for the transportation of participants.

Qatar Saudi Arabia Chile Sao TomeEquatorial & Principe Guinea Sudan U. A. E. Pakistan Cameroon Paraguay Eritrea Central African Republic Yemen C h i n a Argentina Nepal Gabon Oman Congo Djibouti India North Korea Bhutan Uganda Ethiopia Somalia Zaire Rwanda South Korea Burundi Kenya Uruguay Bangladesh Myanmar

Tanzania Laos Japan Angola Zambia Namibia Thailand Sri Lanka Taiwan

Kampuchea Vietnam Botswana Comoros Zimbabwe Malawi Falkland Islands

Mozambique Philippines Malaysia Brunei

Madagascar Swaziland South Africa Lesotho Guam South Georgia Island More than Palau an d onI i es

Micronesia

Marshall Papua Islands 161 media representatives were New Guinea Solomon Islands

accredited for the Forum, including TV, radio and Australia Vanuatu

Fiji printed press journalists from New Caledonia 9 countries.

New Zealand

The organisation team consisted of more than 220 people, including 57 drivers 36 musicians 19 volunteers

+ + +

42 Visions of New Partnerships 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Bled Strategic Forum was the 10th in a row. Participants took part in Altogether, 540 people from more than 2,070 minutes or 65 countries, 24 hours of sessions 5 continents and 7 international organisations registered for the forum. and discussions, totalling 25 separate events. Bled

Greenland Slovenia

Canada

Iceland

U. S. A. Sweden

Norway

Finland

Mexico Ireland Denmark Kiribati

U. K. Netherlands Estonia

Tanzania Laos Japan Angola Zambia Namibia Thailand Sri Lanka Taiwan

Kampuchea Vietnam Botswana Comoros Zimbabwe Malawi Falkland Islands

Mozambique Philippines Malaysia Brunei

Madagascar Swaziland South Africa Lesotho Guam South Georgia Island More than Palau an d onI i es

Micronesia

Marshall Papua Islands 161 media representatives were New Guinea Solomon Islands accredited for the Forum, including TV, radio and Australia Vanuatu

Fiji printed press journalists from New Caledonia 9 countries.

New Zealand

The organisation team consisted of more than 220 people, including 57 drivers 36 musicians 19 volunteers

+ + +

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