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The Specter of Black Labor: African American Workers in Illinois Before the Great Migration, 1847 to 1910
THE SPECTER OF BLACK LABOR: AFRICAN AMERICAN WORKERS IN ILLINOIS BEFORE THE GREAT MIGRATION, 1847 TO 1910 BY ALONZO M. WARD DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2017 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Sundiata Keita Cha-Jua Professor Adrian Burgos, Jr. Associate Professor Erik McDuffie Professor Clarence Lang, University of Kansas ii ABSTRACT The Specter of Black Labor is interested in examining the actions, reactions and opinions of Afro-Illinoisans during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in relation to their own position as laborers. While previous studies on Black workers in Illinois focus heavily on African Americans and their relationship to the larger labor movement of this period, the goal in this project is to view these workers primarily through the lens of the African American experience. By deemphasizing the role of white workers and the labor movement in general, this project seeks to unearth previously muffled voices within the relatively small Black communities throughout Illinois during the largely understudied period prior to the Great Migration. By utilizing a racial formation theoretical framework, this project seeks to provide a foundation for a critical examination of race as it acquires different meanings, depending on specific historic circumstances. The contention here is that the process of racializing labor during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries affected not only the type of labor Black people could procure, it also systematically eliminated them from the larger labor movement and virtually forced them into “anti-labor” roles such as strikebreaking. -
Illinois Labor History Society Page 1 Summer 2019
Illinois Labor History Society Page 1 Summer 2019 Illinois Labor History Society Page 2 The use of the term, Military Industrial Complex, as security firms, a militarized police first offered to us in a farewell speech in 1961 by force and State National Guards was for the purpose of President Dwight D. Eisenhower, has spawned similar strike breaking and protecting the wealthy during the memes in the past few years. We now hear about the Gilded Age? These examples are the tip of the iceberg. Prison Industrial Complex, the Medical Industrial Complex and so forth. I would like to offer a new one: What I do know is when union activists learn the The History Industrial Complex. I think this term “secret history” of labor in this country they want to be adequately describes the approach by some media, more involved. They feel like they are now connecting academia and our overall educational apparatus to the dots as to how wage and wealth inequality divide consciously avoid discussing important working class us and how collective action has moved us forward. history and heroic figures in positive terms. In fact, This my friends, is why the Illinois Labor History rhetoric and historical inaccuracies are used to Society needs your support to help us continue telling denigrate some of the people and events that the most compelling stories of our incredible history. contributed to building a better quality of life for all We are working hard with the National Park Service, Americans when it comes to the story of working class the Illinois Department of Natural Resources and the heroes and labor. -
African American Workers in Illinois Before the Great Migration, 1847 to 1910 by Alonzo M. Ward Diss
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship Repository THE SPECTER OF BLACK LABOR: AFRICAN AMERICAN WORKERS IN ILLINOIS BEFORE THE GREAT MIGRATION, 1847 TO 1910 BY ALONZO M. WARD DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2017 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Sundiata Keita Cha-Jua Professor Adrian Burgos, Jr. Associate Professor Erik McDuffie Professor Clarence Lang, University of Kansas ii ABSTRACT The Specter of Black Labor is interested in examining the actions, reactions and opinions of Afro-Illinoisans during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in relation to their own position as laborers. While previous studies on Black workers in Illinois focus heavily on African Americans and their relationship to the larger labor movement of this period, the goal in this project is to view these workers primarily through the lens of the African American experience. By deemphasizing the role of white workers and the labor movement in general, this project seeks to unearth previously muffled voices within the relatively small Black communities throughout Illinois during the largely understudied period prior to the Great Migration. By utilizing a racial formation theoretical framework, this project seeks to provide a foundation for a critical examination of race as it acquires different meanings, depending on specific historic circumstances. The contention here is that the process of racializing labor during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries affected not only the type of labor Black people could procure, it also systematically eliminated them from the larger labor movement and virtually forced them into “anti-labor” roles such as strikebreaking. -
We Were Not Ladies': Gender, Class, and a Women’S Auxiliary’S Battle for Ininm G Unionism Caroline Waldron Merithew University of Dayton, [email protected]
University of Dayton eCommons History Faculty Publications Department of History 6-2006 'We Were Not Ladies': Gender, Class, and a Women’s Auxiliary’s Battle for ininM g Unionism Caroline Waldron Merithew University of Dayton, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.udayton.edu/hst_fac_pub Part of the Labor History Commons, Women's History Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons eCommons Citation Merithew, Caroline Waldron, "'We Were Not Ladies': Gender, Class, and a Women’s Auxiliary’s Battle for ininM g Unionism" (2006). History Faculty Publications. 51. https://ecommons.udayton.edu/hst_fac_pub/51 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. 2006 “We Were Not Ladies” Gender, Class, and a Women’s Auxiliary’s Battle for Mining Unionism Caroline Waldron Merithew “We Were Not Ladies” uses the 1930s dual union fight between the United Mine Workers of America and the Progressive Miners to chal- lenge the historiography on women’s auxiliaries in the United States. While most labor and women’s historians have focused on the traditional and supporting roles that non-wage-earning women played in male unions, I show a more radical side to working-class housewives’ activism. Through the Women’s Auxiliary of the Progressive Miners, coal miners’ daughters and wives recognized that conventional gender roles could neither gain them political and economic power in their communities, nor could these roles encompass their evolving political consciousness. -
Illinois and the Farmer-Labor Party Coal Mining Was the Most Hazardous Occupation in Illinois
44 Historia Rural Radicals: industrial workers, the Farmer-Labor party represented their hopes in the dynamic years following World War I.6 Illinois and the Farmer-Labor Party Coal mining was the most hazardous occupation in Illinois. In the first three decades of the twentieth century 5,337 men lost their Mary Barford lives in the mines.7 More than half of mining fatalities were caused by collapsing roofs.8 Miners had to trust wooden planks, installed themselves, for protection from roofs that easily caved in. Other causes of death for miners were collision with mine cars or or workers of the world, the year 1919 has been called epoch- F locomotives, death from explosives, electrocution, and drowning.9 In making, and electric. The Bolsheviks in Russia remained in power, 1910, at Coal Company No.2 in Cherry, Bureau County, two the British Labor Party was rising in influence, and Eugene Debs hundred and fifty-six miners were killed in a fire caused by taking told workers emphatically that the day of the people had arrived.1 In hay for mules into the mine. 10 Frank Stroff had been at work for America 1919 was the year of the steel strike, the coal strike, the only twenty minutes in a Madison County coal mine when a gigantic Boston police strike, and the Seattle general strike. There were more piece of slate fell on top of him and instantly crushed the life out of workers involved in labor disputes in 1919 than in the next six years him. The year before, Nicholas Lacquet went to work in a St. -
Historia Vol. 14 Eastern Illinois University Department of History
Eastern Illinois University The Keep Historia Publications Spring 2005 Historia Vol. 14 Eastern Illinois University Department of History Follow this and additional works at: http://thekeep.eiu.edu/historia Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Eastern Illinois University Department of History, "Historia Vol. 14" (2005). Historia. 12. http://thekeep.eiu.edu/historia/12 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Publications at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Historia by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. tii§T()l21A .t. Jf'm·n tiJ •., , lhl.~ fPSilt;n ~u (:h illll4~r, llhi .i.llthd Thdn and Eastt:t11 IUim:h Unh 'fl~Jt.,. 111stny Dt~tlat1mt~nt V(llume '14 200) Historia Coney Island Darrius Frazier 5 A Publication of the Epsilon Mu Chapter of The Hiss-Chambers Case: Three Acts of Espionage Phi Alpha Theta Theater and the Department of History Ryan Ervin 14 at Eastern Illinois University Rural Radicals: Illinois and the Farmer-Labor Party Mary Barford 43 Volume 14 Oral History: From Fact Finding to History Shaping 2005 Nicholas Mariner 59 Editors Industrialization: Architecture’s Resistance and Mary Barford Adaptation Nicholas Mariner Sarah Hagye 70 Sarah F. Preskitt An Inadequate Ideology: Republican Motherhood and Mike Wills the Civil War Annie Tock 77 Editorial Board Ann Bauer Children of the Aztecs Benjamin Cassan Kelly Thoele 93 Wade Ellett Jamaican Christian Missions and the End of Slavery Don Knuckey Rachel Elam 101 Niccole M. Hurley Katie Maasen William Jardine: Architect of the First Opium War Katie McMahon Benjamin Cassan 106 Michael J. -
2017-2018 2016 Bibliography Committee
Don’t forget to renew your membership! LAWCHA.org/Renew LAWCHAThe Labor and Working-Class History Association UNKOCH MY CAMPUS 2017 PRIZE & AWARD WINNERS BRINGING LABOR HISTORY TO LIFE NEWSLETTER CONFERENCE TRAVEL GRANTS INDEPENDENT HISTORIANS 2017-2018 2016 BIBLIOGRAPHY COMMITTEE LAWCHA NEWSLETTER 2017.indd 1 11/8/2017 11:22:43 AM LAWCHA Officers President Treasurer James Gregory, University of Washington Liesl Miller Orenic, Dominican University Vice President Executive Assistant Julie Greene, University of Maryland Sarah Amundson, Duke University National Secretary Immediate Past President Cecelia Bucki, Fairfield University Nancy MacLean, Duke University Board Members Term Ending March, 2018 Term Ending March, 2019 Term Ending March, 2020 Michael Innis-Jiménez Colin J. Davis Tula Connell University of Alabama University of Alabama at Birmingham Solidarity Center LaShawn Harris Keona K. Ervin Matt Garcia Michigan State University University of Missouri Dartmouth University Jennifer Scherer Sonia Hernandez Rashauna Johnson University of Iowa Texas A&M Dartmouth University Nikki Mandell Emily E. LB. Twarog Jacob Remes University of Wisconsin-Whitewater University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign New York University Frank Tobias (Toby) Higbie Lane Windham Marc S. Rodriguez University of California-Los Angeles Penn State Portland State University Table of Contents President’s Perspective p. 2 UnKoch My Campus p. 5 Notes from the Field: Bringing Labor History to Life p. 6 Independent Historians Focus of New LAWCHA Committee p. 9 Prize, Award, and Grant Winners p. 11 Labor History Bibliography, 2016 p. 15 Newsletter Covering 2017-2018 Published October, 2017 Printed by Barefoot Press (Raleigh, NC) Newsletter Design/Layout Ryan M. Poe 1 LAWCHA.org - @LAWCHA_ORG - Facebook.org/LaborAndWorkingClassHistory LAWCHA NEWSLETTER 2017.indd 1 11/8/2017 11:22:43 AM President’s Perspective James Gregory, University of Washington year has passed since the trauma of November 8, A 2016 and with each passing day the dismantling of American democracy continues, indeed escalates. -
PREVENTION of VIOLENCE Hugh Da'vis G
:A ST AfFFREPORT. i0 TilE' NAil0NAL; COMMISSIONN" ON THE..CAUSES AND; ".PREVENTION OF VIOLENCE Hugh Da'vis Graham & Ted "Robert Gurr ., - - -- The White House June10, 1968 EXECUTIVE ORDER #11412 ESTABLISHING A NATIONAL COMIIMISSION OI STATEMENT ON THE STAFF STUDIES THECAUSES AND PREVENTION OF VIOLENCE Byvirtue of theauthority vested in meas President of the UnitedStees, it isordered as follows: SECTION 1.Establishment of the Corission. (a) There is hereby establisheda NationalCommission on theCauses and Preventionof Violence (hereinaflerrefered to asthe "Commission"). The Comnission was directed to "go as far as man's (b) The Commissionshall be composedof: knowledge takes" it in searching for the causes of violence Dr.Milton Eisenhower, Choirman and the means of prevention. These studies are reports to CongressmanHaleBoggs Senta.Ron Etemta ArchbishopTerence r. Cooke Atbt E.aetr.de. the Commission by independent scholars and lawyers who AmbassadorPatriciaHarris Ctngresn Williamt. MeCuoct SenatorPhilip A. Hart "t.W-WalterMennieter have served as directors of our staff task forces and study JudgeA. Leonliinbotham "nttr EettWtllat Mct'tlaae teams; they are not reports by the Commission itself. Pub- EricHoffer *LeonJaworski lication of any of the reports SECTION 2. Functions of tier Commission. The Comrnission shall should not be taken to imply investigateand make recommendationswith respectto: endorsement of their contents by the Commission, or by (a) The causesand preventionof lawless acts of violence in our society, any member of the Commission's staff, including the Execu- includingassassination,murder and assault; (b) The causes and preventionof disrespectfor law atedorder, of tive Director and other staff officers, not directly responsi- disrespectfor public officials,and of violentdisruptions of public order by ble for the preparation of the particular report. -
Download Streets, Railroads and the Great Strike of 1877 Free
STREETS, RAILROADS AND THE GREAT STRIKE OF 1877 DOWNLOAD FREE BOOK David O. Stowell | 168 pages | 01 Jul 1999 | The University of Chicago Press | 9780226776699 | English | Chicago, IL, United States Great Railroad Strike of 1877 As steam locomotives retreated from busy streets a new generation of protestors targeted the electric trolley for the same reasons. In the wake of the Panic ofa bitter antagonism between workers and the leaders of industry developed. Hundreds of people were killed and injured with appalling regularity. Sarah rated it did not like it Jan 11, Philadelphia and Reading Railway management mobilized a private Streets, the members of which committed the shootings in the city. Download as PDF Printable version. Stowell examines America's predicament more broadly to uncover the roots of this rebellion. West Virginia Governor Henry M. Strikers set fires that razed 39 buildings and destroyed rolling stock: locomotives and 1, freight and passenger cars. Original Title. Be the first to ask a question about Streets, Railroads, and the Great Strike of Who Was in the Crowd? Harvard University Press. A particular strength of the book is Stowell's description of Streets horrendous accidents, the toll in human life, and the continual disruption of craft, business, and ordinary movement engendered by building railroads into the heart of cities. Eliot Prose. Major armed conflicts in American labor union history. Welcome back. Kris rated it liked it Jul 24, Other editions. But by the late 19th century, the Knights of Labora national and predominately Catholic organization, hadmembers seeking to represent Railroads and the Great Strike of 1877 workers. -
"N" Following a Page Number Indicates a Subject Is Mentioned in a Note
1 INDEX Volume numbers in this index are indicated in bold. An "n" following a page number indicates a subject is mentioned in a note. For example, the entry Abrahams, Albert, 8:140-41, 141n indicates that Albert Abrahams appears in volume 8 on pages 140-41 and in a note on page 141. Volumes with glossary entries for specific individuals or organizations are designated with an asterisk. For example, the entries 7:*, 8:*, 9:*, 10:*, and 12:* under John Alpine indicate that volumes 7, 8, 9, 10, and 12 contain glossary entries for Alpine. References to substantive annotations in notes are underlined. So, for example, the entry Abbett, Leon, 2:137, 138n indicates there is a substantive annotation of Leon Abbett in volume 2 in a note found on page 138. Abbett, Leon, 2:137, 138n Abern, Martin, 12:275-77, 277-78n Abrahams, Albert, 8:140-41, 141n Abrahams, Henry, 2:*, 198-99, 198-99n, 407, 410, 12:91n Abrams, Jessie E., 10:99, 102n Abrams, L. N., 10:69n; letter from, 10:67-69 Acme Press Brick Co., 5:504, 505n Acornley, A. H., 5:240, 243-44n Acquisitive Society, The (Tawney), 12:191, 192n 2 Acton, Harry H., 4:236-37, 238n, 239 Actors' National Protective Union, 6:*, 517, 518n, 7:*, 41n -- local: local 14 (New York City), 6:517-18n -- strike/lockout: 1906 (New York City), 6:516-17, 517-18n Adair, John A. M., 7:99n, 8:342; letter from, 7:99 Adames, William J., 8:258, 259n Adams, Alva, 2:82, 88n, 4:266 Adams, Charles, 4:249n Adams, Charles Francis, 5:464n, 496n, 497n; letter from, 5:494-96 Adams, Elijah J., 3:139, 140n Adams, Emmet L., 11:456, 459n, 525-26 Adams, Frederick U., 3:85, 86n Adams, John Quincy, 7:88 Adams, Norman, 11:122 Adams, Oswin T., 11:190, 191n Adamski, Albert, 9:406, 406n, 12:550 Adamson, William C., 9:450n, 10:15, 16-17n Addams, Jane, 4:45n, 9:231-32n, 274n, 12:427n; letter to, 9:231 Address, An. -
Coal in Our Veins
Coal in Our Veins Coal in Our Veins A Personal Journey Erin Ann Thomas Utah State University Press Logan, Utah 2012 © 2012 by the University Press of Colorado Published by Utah State University Press An imprint of University Press of Colorado 5589 Arapahoe Avenue, Suite 206C Boulder, Colorado 80303 The University Press of Colorado is a proud member of The Association of American University Presses. The University Press of Colorado is a cooperative publishing enterprise supported, in part, by Adams State College, Colorado State University, Fort Lewis College, Metropolitan State College of Denver, Regis University, University of Colorado, University of Northern Colorado, Utah State University, and Western State College of Colorado. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America Printed on recycled, acid-free paper Cover design by Jeanne Goldberg ISBN: 978-0-87421-863-3 (cloth) ISBN: 978-0-87421-865-7 (e-book) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Thomas, Erin Ann. Coal in our veins : a personal journey / Erin Ann Thomas. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-87421-863-3 (cloth : acid-free paper) — ISBN 978-0-87421-865-7 (e-book) 1. Thomas, Erin Ann—Family. 2. Coal miners—Utah—Biography. 3. Coal min- ers—Wales—Biography. 4. Welsh Americans—Utah—Biography. 5. Thomas, Erin Ann—Travel. 6. Coal mines and mining—Utah—History. 7. Coal mines and mining— Wales—History. 8. Coal—Environmental aspects—United States. 9. Coal—Social aspects—United States. I. Title. HD8039.M62U669417 2012 622’.3340922—dc23 2012012249 An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched. -
The Mine Wars
The Mine Wars The desire for dignity runs deep. At the dawn of the 20th century, coal was the fuel that powered the nation. Yet few Americans thought much about the men who blasted the black rock from underground and hauled it to the surface. The Mine Wars tells the overlooked story of the miners in the mountains of southern West Virginia — native mountaineers, African American migrants, and European immigrants — who came together in a protracted struggle for their rights. Decades of violence, strikes, assassinations and marches accompanied their attempts to form a union, culminating in the Battle of Blair Mountain in 1921, the largest armed insurrection since the Civil War. The West Virginia mine wars raised profound questions about what freedom and democracy meant to working people in an industrial society. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/theminewars/ YouTube.com>>rt5boxn>>Playlists>>OLLI – Mine Wars The Mine Wars | Timeline Labor Wars in the U.S. After the Civil War, the United States entered a new phase of industrialization. Railroad magnates began to consolidate and expand railroad lines around the country. Factories needed raw material to power their increasingly mechanized production lines. Andrew Carnegie adopted ideas about vertical integration -- owning each stage of the steelmaking process so that he might control the quality and profit from start to finish. Both U.S.-born and immigrants from all over the world took dangerous jobs for low pay. As the pace of industrialization quickened, and profits accumulated in the hands of a few, some workers began to organize and advocate for unionization.