DOCSLIB.ORG

Nominations of Judy Shelton and Christopher Waller Hearing

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nominations of Judy Shelton and Christopher Waller Hearing S. HRG. 116–171 NOMINATIONS OF JUDY SHELTON AND CHRISTOPHER WALLER HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON BANKING, HOUSING, AND URBAN AFFAIRS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED SIXTEENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION ON NOMINATIONS OF: JUDY SHELTON, OF CALIFORNIA, TO BE A MEMBER OF THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM CHRISTOPHER WALLER, OF MINNESOTA, TO BE A MEMBER OF THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM FEBRUARY 13, 2020 Printed for the use of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs ( Available at: https://www.govinfo.gov/ U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 40–240 PDF WASHINGTON : 2020 COMMITTEE ON BANKING, HOUSING, AND URBAN AFFAIRS MIKE CRAPO, Idaho, Chairman RICHARD C. SHELBY, Alabama SHERROD BROWN, Ohio PATRICK J. TOOMEY, Pennsylvania JACK REED, Rhode Island TIM SCOTT, South Carolina ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey BEN SASSE, Nebraska JON TESTER, Montana TOM COTTON, Arkansas MARK R. WARNER, Virginia MIKE ROUNDS, South Dakota ELIZABETH WARREN, Massachusetts DAVID PERDUE, Georgia BRIAN SCHATZ, Hawaii THOM TILLIS, North Carolina CHRIS VAN HOLLEN, Maryland JOHN KENNEDY, Louisiana CATHERINE CORTEZ MASTO, Nevada MARTHA MCSALLY, Arizona DOUG JONES, Alabama JERRY MORAN, Kansas TINA SMITH, Minnesota KEVIN CRAMER, North Dakota KYRSTEN SINEMA, Arizona GREGG RICHARD, Staff Director LAURA SWANSON, Democratic Staff Director CATHERINE FUCHS, Counsel BRANDON BEALL, Professional Staff Member ELISHA TUKU, Democratic Chief Counsel COREY FRAYER, Democratic Professional Staff Member CAMERON RICKER, Chief Clerk SHELVIN SIMMONS, IT Director CHARLES J. MOFFAT, Hearing Clerk JIM CROWELL, Editor (II) CONTENTS THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 13, 2020 Page Opening statement of Chairman Crapo ................................................................. 1 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 37 Opening statements, comments, or prepared statements of: Senator Brown .................................................................................................. 2 Prepared statement ................................................................................... 38 NOMINEES Judy Shelton, of California, to be a Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System ............................................................................ 5 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 39 Biographical sketch of nominee ....................................................................... 41 Responses to written questions of: Senator Brown ........................................................................................... 70 Senator Sasse ............................................................................................ 78 Senator Rounds ......................................................................................... 82 Senator Reed .............................................................................................. 84 Senator Menendez ..................................................................................... 88 Senator Tester ........................................................................................... 89 Senator Warren ......................................................................................... 94 Senator Schatz ........................................................................................... 102 Senator Cortez Masto ................................................................................ 105 Senator Sinema ......................................................................................... 114 Christopher Waller, of Minnesota, to be a Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System ............................................................................ 6 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 53 Biographical sketch of nominee ....................................................................... 54 Responses to written questions of: Senator Brown ........................................................................................... 115 Senator Sasse ............................................................................................ 117 Senator Tillis ............................................................................................. 118 Senator Reed .............................................................................................. 122 Senator Tester ........................................................................................... 124 Senator Warren ......................................................................................... 126 Senator Schatz ........................................................................................... 134 Senator Cortez Masto ................................................................................ 134 Senator Sinema ......................................................................................... 142 ADDITIONAL MATERIAL SUPPLIED FOR THE RECORD Letter from the Project on Government Oversight ............................................... 143 ‘‘The War on Judy Shelton’’, by the Editorial Board, Wall Street Journal, 2/12/2020 ............................................................................................................... 145 Letter of Support for nominee Christopher Waller ............................................... 148 ‘‘Banking and Government: An Unholy Alliance’’, Judy Shelton, Cato Journal 152 ‘‘North America Doesn’t Need Borders’’, by Judy Shelton, Wall Street Journal, 8/29/2000 ............................................................................................................... 157 ‘‘Trump Fed Pick Missed Almost Half of Board Meetings’’, Paul Kiernan, Wall Street Journal, 7/15/2019 ............................................................................ 160 (III) NOMINATIONS OF JUDY SHELTON AND CHRISTOPHER WALLER THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 13, 2020 U.S. SENATE, COMMITTEE ON BANKING, HOUSING, AND URBAN AFFAIRS, Washington, DC. The Committee met at 9:02 a.m., in room SD–538, Dirksen Sen- ate Office Building, Hon. Mike Crapo, Chairman of the Committee, presiding. OPENING STATEMENT OF CHAIRMAN MIKE CRAPO Chairman CRAPO. This hearing will come to order. This morning we will consider the nominations of the Honorable Judy Shelton to be a member of the Board of Governors of the Fed- eral Reserve System and Dr. Christopher Waller to be a member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Welcome, and congratulations to each of you for your nominations. I see friends and family in the room today, and I welcome them as well. We are fortunate to have these two highly qualified nominees ap- pearing today. These positions are critical to ensuring a safe, sound, and vibrant financial system and a healthy, growing econ- omy. The Federal Reserve was created by Congress as the Nation’s central bank to promote a stable economy and a safer, more flexible financial system. Among the Federal Reserve’s responsibilities is conducting the Nation’s monetary policy with the mandate of promoting maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates. In addition to its monetary policy role, it oversees a significant portion of the banking sector, including large, regional, and com- munity banks, as well as certain nonbanks, and aims to foster a safe and efficient payment and settlement system. With this in mind, it is important that we nominate and confirm well qualified candidates with different perspectives to the posi- tions of Governors to ensure robust debate and more effective deci- sions. Before turning to Dr. Shelton and Dr. Waller, I am entering into the record a letter from over 100 economists supporting the nomi- nation of Dr. Waller and also an article from the Wall Street Jour- nal supporting Dr. Shelton titled, ‘‘The War on Judy Shelton’’. Dr. Shelton most recently served as the Executive Director for the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and was confirmed by voice vote in the Senate in 2018. (1) 2 Dr. Shelton’s experience working for nonprofits and academic in- stitutions forged her deep knowledge of democracy, economic the- ory, and monetary policy that will broaden and diversify the Fed’s perspective. Dr. Waller has served as the Research Director at the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis for the last 11 years and aided the presi- dent of the St. Louis Fed in analyzing the economy and recom- mending U.S. monetary actions. His research on monetary theory and the microfoundations of money and payment systems will be valuable, as we are seeing a rise in cryptocurrencies and digital currency in this country and abroad. I am confident that Dr. Shelton and Dr. Waller will bring strong leadership to the Federal Reserve System. As Governors at the Federal Reserve, Dr. Shelton and Dr. Waller will play key roles in carrying out the Fed’s regulatory and super- visory activities consistent with the law, while also playing an im- portant role in striking the balance between tailored regulations and supervision and safety and soundness. I appreciate the positive meetings I had with each of you leading to today’s hearing. I look forward to continuing a robust discussion on the following topics: The importance of right-sizing regulations and tailoring the su- pervisory framework to support a vibrant, growing economy while also ensuring a
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 'Doc Fix' Reforming Pension Plans and the Tax Code the Fed, Dollar
    Subject: Obamacare’s fifth anniversary, reforming pension plans, and the Fed Obamacare’s fifth anniversary and the ‘doc fix’ VIDEO -- Future of Obamacare still uncertain five years later | Timothy P. Carney | Fox News’s ‘Happening Now’ Five years have passed since President Obama signed the Affordable Care Act into law. Since then, the bill has remained unpopular among many and done little to transform health care. Unpacking the Burr-Hatch-Upton plan | Joseph Antos and James C. Capretta | Health Affairs Blog The Burr-Hatch-Upton plan may not be perfect, but it should lay to rest the argument that there is no viable alternative to the ACA. An unappealing ‘doc fix’ | James C. Capretta | National Review Online New “doc fix” legislation will increase the deficit and pave the way for more regulation of physician services. AUDIO -- Discussing what’s at stake in King v. Burwell | Thomas P. Miller | ‘Real Clear Radio Hour’ King v. Burwell could pose a major setback to the Affordable Care Act. Reforming pension plans and the tax code NEW RESEARCH -- Why Americans don’t face a retirement crisis | Andrew G. Biggs and Sylvester J. Schieber | AEI Economic Perspectives AEI relaunches its Economic Perspectives series with this detailed report on the “retirement crisis” myth. Pension reform doesn't mean higher taxes | Andrew Biggs | The Wall Street Journal (subscription required) Annual required contributions to Pennsylvania’s defined-benefit plan have soared from only 4 percent of employee payroll in 2008 to more than 20 percent today. Legislators in the state, like many elected officials nationwide, are looking for a way out.
    [Show full text]
  • Regpulse Newsletter July 26, 2021 – August 6, 2021
    Financial Services RegPulse Newsletter July 26, 2021 – August 6, 2021 Recent developments › BIS published a white paper on principles for an emerging regulatory framework for the use of AI in financial services › The OCC appointed its first-ever Climate Change Risk Officer and joined the Network of Central Banks and Supervisors for Greening the Financial System › The Senate Banking Committee hosted a hearing on the oversight of selected financial regulators › SEC Chair Gary Gensler delivered separate remarks on digital assets and climate risks › The House and Senate both held hearings on the future of digital currencies in the US Regulatory Roundup | Deloitte Center for Regulatory Strategy, Americas 1 Introduction The Deloitte Center for Regulatory Strategy (DCRS) is a source of critical insight and advice, designed to help clients anticipate change and respond with confidence to the strategic and aggregate impact of national and international regulatory policy. The RegPulse Newsletter is a bi-weekly distribution that features the latest regulatory news and issues that are impacting the financial services and fintech industries. For a deeper analysis and discussion of regulatory developments, make sure to check out our RegPulse blog series, which are a collection of blogs that are contributed by our powerful team of former regulators, industry specialists, and trusted business advisors. US regulatory developments Congress Derivatives Banking & Capital Markets Investment Management Consumer Protection Insurance BSA/AML Fintech EMEA regulatory developments Key: Cross-sector The development covers multiple financial services sub-sectors or other industries. FBO The development pertains to or affects foreign banking organizations (FBOs). Blog/POV The development has been covered or is currently being analyzed by our team to be produced into either a RegPulse blog or broader point of view (POV).
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record—Senate S7023
    November 17, 2020 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7023 Sinema Tillis Young The result was announced—yeas 52, Member of the Board of Governors of Sullivan Toomey Thune Wicker nays 44, as follows: the Federal Reserve System for the un- [Rollcall Vote No. 232 Ex.] expired term of fourteen years from NAYS—44 YEAS—52 February 1, 2010, shall be brought to a Baldwin Hassan Rosen close? Bennet Heinrich Sanders Barrasso Gardner Portman The yeas and nays are mandatory Blumenthal Hirono Schatz Blackburn Graham Risch Blunt Hawley under the rule. Booker Jones Schumer Roberts Boozman Hoeven Brown Kaine Shaheen Romney The clerk will call the roll. Braun Hyde-Smith Cantwell King Smith Rounds The bill clerk called the roll. Cardin Klobuchar Burr Inhofe Rubio Mr. THUNE. The following Senators Stabenow Capito Johnson Carper Leahy Tester Sasse are necessarily absent: the Senator Casey Markey Cassidy Kennedy Scott (SC) Udall Collins Lankford from Tennessee (Mr. ALEXANDER), the Coons Menendez Shelby Van Hollen Cornyn Lee Cortez Masto Merkley Sinema Senator from Iowa (Mr. GRASSLEY), and Warner Cotton Loeffler Duckworth Murphy Sullivan the Senator from Florida (Mr. SCOTT). Warren Cramer Manchin Durbin Murray Thune Further, if present and voting, the Feinstein Whitehouse Crapo McConnell Peters Tillis Gillibrand Reed Wyden Cruz McSally Senator from Tennessee (Mr. ALEX- Daines Moran Toomey ANDER) would have voted ‘‘nay,’’ the Wicker NOT VOTING—4 Enzi Murkowski Senator from Florida (Mr. SCOTT) Young Alexander Harris Ernst Paul would have voted ‘‘yea,’’ and the Sen- Grassley Scott (FL) Fischer Perdue ator from Iowa (Mr. GRASSLEY) would The PRESIDING OFFICER. The yeas NAYS—44 have voted ‘‘yea.’’ are 52, the nays are 44.
    [Show full text]
  • Is Inflation Really Transitory?
    Is Inflation Really Transitory? By Eric Grover National Review August 17, 2021 Financial-market indicators point to a persistent uptick in inflation. DESPITE a few recent hints of unease, the Fed still maintains that the current surge in inflation is “transitory.” That seems optimistic: The central bank has been stoking inflation and is stubbornly blind to the danger of getting more than it bargained for, of letting loose what Nobel Prize– winning economist Friedrich Hayek described as the “tiger.” Fed chairman Paul Volcker caged inflation after it’d crested at 13.5 percent in 1980. Since then, however, the Fed, politicians, consumers, and producers have become complacent about the risk that it might escape again. The current cocktail of money-printing, massive deficit spending, pandemic- related supply-chain disruptions, and pent-up demand coming out of COVID-19 hibernation means inflation ahead — and not just for the short term. The outlook is only made worse by the hit to the supply side that will come from increased regulation and taxes, not to speak of the boost to energy costs that will flow from the administration’s hostility to fossil fuels. The Fed’s balance sheet has ballooned from $900 billion in August 2008 to a whopping $8.2 trillion in mid July 2021. However, by paying banks interest to park excess reserves held at the Fed, the central bank has managed to keep new dollars from entering the economy in the form of credit, thereby holding down inflation. Now, printed money is showing up in consumption and price data, and the longer the “transitory” surge endures, the more difficult it will be to contain.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 ENTER the GHOST Cashless Payments in the Early Modern Low
    ENTER THE GHOST Cashless payments in the Early Modern Low Countries, 1500-18001 Oscar Gelderbloma and Joost Jonkera, b Abstract We analyze the evolution of payments in the Low Countries during the period 1500-1800 to argue for the historical importance of money of account or ghost money. Aided by the adoption of new bookkeeping practices such as ledgers with current accounts, this convention spread throughout the entire area from the 14th century onwards. Ghost money eliminated most of the problems associated with paying cash by enabling people to settle transactions in a fictional currency accepted by everyone. As a result two functions of money, standard of value and means of settlement, penetrated easily, leaving the third one, store of wealth, to whatever gold and silver coins available. When merchants used ghost money to record credit granted to counterparts, they in effect created a form of money which in modern terms might count as M1. Since this happened on a very large scale, we should reconsider our notions about the volume of money in circulation during the Early Modern Era. 1 a Utrecht University, b University of Amsterdam. The research for this paper was made possible by generous fellowships at the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Studies (NIAS) in Wassenaar. The Meertens Institute and Hester Dibbits kindly allowed us to use their probate inventory database, which Heidi Deneweth’s incomparable efforts reorganized so we could analyze the data. We thank participants at seminars in Utrecht and at the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, and at the Silver in World History conference, VU Amsterdam, December 2014, for their valuable suggestions.
    [Show full text]
  • Washington Update
    July 24, 2020 Washington Update This Week In Congress Senate – The Senate passed the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for FY2021 (S. 4049) and confirmed the nomination of Russell Vought to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget. House – The House passed its version of the NDAA for FY2021 (H.R. 6395), as well as the Great American Outdoors Act (H.R. 1957), the National Origin-Based Antidiscrimination for Nonimmigrants Act (H.R. 2214), and a “minibus” package of State & Foreign Operations, Military Construction & Veterans Affairs, Agriculture, and Interior & Environment appropriations bills (H.R. 7608). Next Week In Congress Senate – Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) announced that Senate Republicans will release their COVID-19 response proposal on Monday. Negotiations on the bill are expected to begin shortly thereafter. The Senate will continue its consideration of judicial and federal agency nominations. House – The House is expected to consider a “minibus” package of Defense, Commerce, Justice, and Science, Energy and Water Development, Financial Services and General Government, Homeland Security, Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, Transportation, Housing, and Urban Development appropriations bills (H.R. 7617). The House may also vote on the Water Resources Development Act of 2020 (H.R. 7575), the Child Care for Economic Recovery Act (H.R.7327), and the Child Care Is Essential Act (H.R. 7027). TAX Senate Republicans Set to Unveil COVID Package Next Week as Several CARES Act Provisions are About to Expire Key Points: . Provisions in the CARES Act are set to expire at the end of July, and Members of Congress have put forth a number of bills to address the expirations.
    [Show full text]
  • Quantitative Easing: the Fed’S Tough Decision Around the World, Financial Markets Have Been Talking of Little Else for Weeks
    FOMC PREVIEW QUANTITATIVE EASING: THE FED’s tOUGH DECISION Around the world, financial markets have been talking of little else for weeks. On Wednesday, the waiting game finally comes to an end. REUTERS/ KEVIN LAMARQUE BY PEDRO NICOLACI DA COstA Treasury bond buying from the Federal that, like its promise to keeping interest WASHINGTON, OCT 21 Reserve could ultimately rival the hefty first rates low, the second round of so-called round of asset purchases. quantitative easing will be around for an NE HUNDRED BILLION here, one With expectations of at least $500 billion “extended period” if needed. hundred billion there. Pretty soon already built into financial markets, the Fed The rationale for further monetary we’reO talking real money. may try to counter possible disappointment accommodation has been laid out by It may not be “shock and awe” at first by making its commitment open ended. Chairman Ben Bernanke, whose views on blush, but the ultimate sums involved in It will likely do so by setting parameters policy carry the day at the Federal Open a second, widely anticipated program of vague enough to convince the markets Market Committee. OCTOBER 2010 FOMC PREVIEW OCTOBER 2010 ”DepenDING ON EVOLVING ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL CONDITIONS, QE2 HAS THE POTENTIAL TO GROW QUITE LARGE.” He has made clear that, with the 9.6 percent unemployment rate far above what might be seen as normal even in a post- recession context and inflation dangling at uncomfortably low levels, policymakers deem the risk of an outright deflationary rut significant enough to justify action. An incremental, flexible approach serves two purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • JAMES A. BAKER, III the Case for Pragmatic Idealism Is Based on an Optimis- Tic View of Man, Tempered by Our Knowledge of Human Imperfection
    Extract from Raising the Bar: The Crucial Role of the Lawyer in Society, by Talmage Boston. © State Bar of Texas 2012. Available to order at texasbarbooks.net. TWO MOST IMPORTANT LAWYERS OF THE LAST FIFTY YEARS 67 concluded his Watergate memoirs, The Right and the Power, with these words that summarize his ultimate triumph in “raising the bar”: From Watergate we learned what generations before us have known: our Constitution works. And during the Watergate years it was interpreted again so as to reaffirm that no one—absolutely no one—is above the law.29 JAMES A. BAKER, III The case for pragmatic idealism is based on an optimis- tic view of man, tempered by our knowledge of human imperfection. It promises no easy answers or quick fixes. But I am convinced that it offers our surest guide and best hope for navigating our great country safely through this precarious period of opportunity and risk in world affairs.30 In their historic careers, Leon Jaworski and James A. Baker, III, ended up in the same place—the highest level of achievement in their respective fields as lawyers—though they didn’t start from the same place. Leonidas Jaworski entered the world in 1905 as the son of Joseph Jaworski, a German-speaking Polish immigrant, who went through Ellis Island two years before Leon’s birth and made a modest living as an evangelical pastor leading small churches in Central Texas towns. James A. Baker, III, entered the world in 1930 as the son, grand- son, and great-grandson of distinguished lawyers all named James A.
    [Show full text]
  • Modern First Ladies: Their Documentary Legacy. INSTITUTION National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 412 562 CS 216 046 AUTHOR Smith, Nancy Kegan, Comp.; Ryan, Mary C., Comp. TITLE Modern First Ladies: Their Documentary Legacy. INSTITUTION National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC. ISBN ISBN-0-911333-73-8 PUB DATE 1989-00-00 NOTE 189p.; Foreword by Don W. Wilson (Archivist of the United States). Introduction and Afterword by Lewis L. Gould. Published for the National Archives Trust Fund Board. PUB TYPE Collected Works General (020) -- Historical Materials (060) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC08 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Archives; *Authors; *Females; Modern History; Presidents of the United States; Primary Sources; Resource Materials; Social History; *United States History IDENTIFIERS *First Ladies (United States); *Personal Writing; Public Records; Social Power; Twentieth Century; Womens History ABSTRACT This collection of essays about the Presidential wives of the 20th century through Nancy Reagan. An exploration of the records of first ladies will elicit diverse insights about the historical impact of these women in their times. Interpretive theories that explain modern first ladies are still tentative and exploratory. The contention in the essays, however, is that whatever direction historical writing on presidential wives may follow, there is little question that the future role of first ladies is more likely to expand than to recede to the days of relatively silent and passive helpmates. Following a foreword and an introduction, essays in the collection and their authors are, as follows: "Meeting a New Century: The Papers of Four Twentieth-Century First Ladies" (Mary M. Wolf skill); "Not One to Stay at Home: The Papers of Lou Henry Hoover" (Dale C.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Full What Happened Collection [PDF]
    American Compass December 2020 WHAT HAPPENED THE TRUMP PRESIDENCY IN REVIEW AMERICAN COMPASS is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization, launched in May 2020 with a mission to restore an economic consensus that emphasizes the importance of family, community, and industry to the nation’s liberty and prosperity— REORIENTING POLITICAL FOCUS from growth for its own sake to widely shared economic development that sustains vital social institutions; SETTING A COURSE for a country in which families can achieve self-sufficiency, contribute productively to their communities, and prepare the next generation for the same; and HELPING POLICYMAKERS NAVIGATE the limitations that markets and government each face in promoting the general welfare and the nation’s security. www.americancompass.org contact@americancompass.org What Happened: The Trump Presidency in Review Table of Contents FOREWORD: THE WORK REMAINS President Trump told many important truths, but one also has to act by Daniel McCarthy 1 INTRODUCTION 4 TOO FEW OF THE PRESIDENT’S MEN An iconoclast’s administration will struggle to find personnel both experienced and aligned by Rachel Bovard 5 A POPULISM DEFERRED Trump’s transitional presidency lacked the vision and agenda necessary to let go of GOP orthodoxy by Julius Krein 11 THE POTPOURRI PRESIDENCY A decentralized and conflicted administration was uniquely inconsistent in its policy actions by Wells King 17 SOME LIKE IT HOT Unsustainable economic stimulus at an expansion’s peak, not tax cuts or tariffs, fueled the Trump boom by Oren Cass 23 Copyright © 2020 by American Compass, Inc. Electronic versions of these articles with hyperlinked references are available at www.americancompass.org.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bretton Woods Debates : a Memoir / Raymond F
    ESSAYS IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCE ESSAYS IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCE are published by the International Finance Section of the Department of Economics of Princeton University. The Section sponsors this series of publications, but the opinions expressed are those of the authors. The Section welcomes the submission of manuscripts for publication in this and its other series. Please see the Notice to Contributors at the back of this Essay. The author of this Essay, Raymond F. Mikesell, is Profes- sor of Economics at the University of Oregon. He was an economic advisor at the Bretton Woods conference in 1944 and a member of the staff of the President’s Council of Economic Advisors from 1955 to 1957. He was a senior research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research from 1970 to 1974 and a consultant to the World Bank in 1968-69 and 1991-92. He has published a number of books and articles on international finance. This is his seventh contribution to the Section’s publications. PETER B. KENEN, Director International Finance Section INTERNATIONAL FINANCE SECTION EDITORIAL STAFF Peter B. Kenen, Director Margaret B. Riccardi, Editor Lillian Spais, Editorial Aide Lalitha H. Chandra, Subscriptions and Orders Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mikesell, Raymond Frech. The Bretton Woods debates : a memoir / Raymond F. Mikesell. p. cm. — (Essays in international finance, ISSN 0071-142X ; no. 192) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-88165-099-4 (pbk.) : $8.00 1. United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference (1944: Bretton Woods, N.H.)—History 2. International Monetary Fund—History. 3. World Bank—History. I.
    [Show full text]
  • Herein Is to Be Reproduced Or Adapted to Other Works Without the Expressed Written Consent of the Editors of the Journal of Middle Eastern Politics and Policy
    Journal of Middle Eastern Politics and Policy A Harvard Kennedy School student publication Beyond Borders: Middle East In Empire, Diaspora, And Global Transitions This issue is dedicated to the tenth anniversary of the Syrian revolution Spring 2021 Journal of Middle Eastern Politics and Policy Beyond Borders: Middle East In Empire, Diaspora, And Global Transitions This issue is dedicated to the tenth anniversary of the Syrian revolution Spring 2021 Spring 2020 i Staff Editor in Chief Associate Editors Reilly Barry Michael Johns, Jr. – Regional Security & Iran Gilad Kabilo – Military-Security & Israel Managing Editor Joseph Leone – Levant Ghazi Ghazi Xuechen Wang – Gulf Senir Staff Writer Mouhanad Al Rifay Staff Writers Christina Bouri Sumaya Malas Copyright The Journal of Middle Eastern Politics and Policy does not accept responsibility for the views expressed by individual authors. No part of the publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form without the expressed written consent of the editors of the Journal of Middle Eastern Politics and Policy. © 2021 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. All rights reserved. Except as otherwise specified, no article or portion herein is to be reproduced or adapted to other works without the expressed written consent of the editors of the Journal of Middle Eastern Politics and Policy. ii Journal of Middle East Politics and Policy Acknowledgements Martha Foley, Publisher Richard Parker, Faculty Advisor Tanner Jensen, Copy Editor Lilliana Ballesteros, Layout Design The Journal of Middle Eastern Politics and Policy would like to thank a number of individuals and institutions whose support proved invaluable to the production of this edition.
    [Show full text]