2010 Parking Study for

the Youngstown CBD

the Warren CBD

the Youngstown State University Campus

Prepared by the

Eastgate Regional Council of Governments City Centre One 100 E. Federal Street, Suite 1000 Youngstown, Ohio 44503 (330) 779-3800

Final

August 2010

2010 Parking Study

for the Youngstown CBD, the Warren CBD and the Youngstown State University Campus

Prepared by the

Eastgate Regional Council of Governments City Centre One 100 E. Federal Street, Suite 1000 Youngstown, Ohio 44503 (330) 779-3800

FINAL

August 2010

This report was financed by the Federal Highway Administration, the Federal Transit Administration, the Ohio Department of Transportation and the Eastgate Regional Council of Governments. The contents of this report reflect the views of Eastgate, which is responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policy of the Department of Transportation. This report does not constitute a standard, specification or regulation.

Parking Study for the Central Business Districts of Youngstown and Warren, and the campus of Youngstown State University

Introduction In 1973 Eastgate released a study on future parking needs in the region entitled ‘Future parking Demands’. This was followed in 1982 by a report entitled ‘Inventory of parking supply for the Youngstown CBD and Youngstown State University’. This was followed by a supplemental report in 1987 entitled ‘An Inventory of parking supply for the Warren central business district’. Since the 1987 report there have been no additional parking reports done by Eastgate .

This report, entitled ‘Parking Study for the Central Business Districts of Youngstown and Warren, and the campus of Youngstown State University’ follows up on the work performed in the previous two reports listed above and brings the data on available parking facilities up to the current time.

As should be evident from the title this report is solely concerned with the availability and distribution of parking in the CBD’s of the two principal cities of the region, and also on the campus of YSU, since the campus is closely tied, physically and geographically, to the Youngstown CBD. At this time it is not intended to extend the study to other cities and villages in the region, although if there were to be a demand for such a study then a supplemental report could be made at a later date to cover these areas.

It should be pointed out that this study is concerned with the availability of existing parking, and is not concerned with determining whether there is demand for more parking or where such additional parking should be located, either for the two business districts or the university campus. To do a parking demand study would require travel demand studies, user surveys, a statistical analysis of current economic and demographic data and several other stages to perform. This is beyond the scope of this report, but could be done in the future if there were a demand for such a study. The purpose of this study report is to provide data about current parking in these areas to the concerned political and educational entities who are currently considering changes in the area’s parking so as to enable them to have a better understanding of the present situation before making these changes. The draft of this report did not have any information on costs of parking. Several requests were made to include this information in the final report. Information on parking costs have been added in the new Appendix B.

1973 – ‘Future Parking Demands’ Report The 1973 Eastgate report entitled ‘Future Parking Demands’ was an update to a similar report from 1968. The 1973 report examined the existing parking supply in Youngstown, Warren, Niles and the 7 next largest cities in Mahoning and Trumbull Counties, and attempted, using early travel demand studies and user surveys as well as future traffic projections from the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT), to gauge the extent, if there was any, of future parking needs in these entities, and whether the existing parking supply could meet this future need. The out‐year for the parking projection was 1990.

The report, which did not anticipate the collapse of the local steel industry over the next decade, and the concomitant decline in urban populations, or the effects of the increased relocation of businesses and retail outlets to the suburbs from city centers, only showed a parking shortfall in three locations; Youngstown, Warren and Niles. Youngstown had an existing total of 6,935 parking spaces in 1973, both off‐street and on‐street, and projected a future need by 1990 of an additional 2,963 parking spaces. Warren had an existing total of 6,347 parking spaces in 1973, both off‐street and on‐street, and projected a future need by 1990 of an additional 848 parking spaces. Niles had an existing total of 1,659 parking spaces in 1973, both off‐street and on‐street, and projected a future need by 1990 of an additional 116 parking spaces. (Niles is not studied in the current report.)

These parking total figures will be referred to later in this report when comparing parking data from the present with the parking data from these previous reports. Youngstown data from 1973 will be compared with later data, but 1973 data from Warren will not be compared because there is insufficient data for a proper comparison. It should be noted that all four of these reports (1973, 1982, 1987 and 2010) have different ideas of what are the boundaries of the respective central business districts (the 1973 report does not even call these areas central business districts, but refers to them as ‘central traffic districts’), and as a result all figures will have to be adjusted as best as possible to correspond with each other.

1982 ‐ ‘Inventory of parking supply for the Youngstown CBD and Youngstown State University’ Report The 1982 Eastgate report, entitled ‘Inventory of parking supply for the Youngstown CBD and Youngstown State University’ was exactly what it said it was… an inventory, block by block, of parking, both off‐street and on‐ street, available in the Youngstown central business district and the Youngstown State University campus. Apparently, by the time this report was written there was sufficient growth in the size of the university campus that it was felt that there was an overlap in parking demands of the two areas, and that for that reason the YSU campus was added to the Youngstown CBD study area of the previous report.

In addition, it was felt that there was sufficient demand for parking for some university events, such as football games, that additional area to the north of the campus and to the west of the campus was also included in the report study area to cover overflow parking needs. In fact, the boundaries of this report study area starts at the Mahoning River to the south, runs along Crab Creek and/or Andrews Avenue to the east , follows Broadway Ave north of Wick Park to the north, then follows Covington and Federal Streets to the west. This gives this report a study area of 131 blocks as opposed to a study area of just 32 blocks for the 1973 report. The present report does not cover such an extensive area and eliminates the areas north of Madison Avenue and west of Belmont Avenue from the study area. This reduces the 2010 study area to a more manageable 75 blocks.

This report does have a problem when using it for comparison with the others, which is that it does not give data for privately owned parking lots, such as a business parking lot or a public facility lot, such as a library or school parking lot. Both the 1973 and the 1987 reports do include private parking.

1987 ‐ ‘An Inventory of parking supply for the Warren central business district’ Report The 1987 Eastgate report, entitled ‘An Inventory of parking supply for the Warren central business district’, was a supplemental addendum to the previous report adding information about the availability of parking in the central business district of the city of Warren. This report covered an area of 36 blocks, although an examination of the area shows that some of these blocks were formed by alleys or small side streets that were perhaps too restricted in size or usage to actually use as a divider for determining city blocks for a parking study. It would probably be more correct to consider the report as having 29 blocks for the area of the study. The 1973 report covered an area of 49 (42) blocks, as it included industrial areas south of South Street and Niles Road, and two blocks west of the intersection of South Street and Market Street. The current report uses almost the same area as the 1987 report, but it excludes the three most eastern blocks of the 1987 study as it was felt that they were actually outlying areas and were not really contiguous with the Warren CBD.

This report only had a total of 915 parking spaces, both off‐street and on‐street, for the Warren CBD. This was because it only counted public spaces that were available to all and did not include totals for private lots used by local businesses and other entities. The totals for the private lots are available on a block by block basis.

2010 ‐ Parking Study for the Central Business Districts of Youngstown and Warren, and the campus of Youngstown State University – A Guide

This report is an examination of the current status of parking availability in the above‐mentioned areas, not an analysis of need for additional parking supply. The parking in each area is broken down by Traffic Analysis Zones (TAZ), which are a further subdivision of the Census Tracts used by the U.S. Census to subdivide a region into smaller areas for analysis. The main body of the report will have a listing of available parking broken down by individual traffic zone. These traffic zones will be grouped into three areas, which will be:

1) Youngstown Central Business District ‐ 19 TAZ’s 2) Youngstown State University Campus (and Outlying Zones in the study area) ‐ 10 TAZ’s 3) City of Warren Central Business District ‐ 13 TAZ’s

Before these three areas are broken down and examined there will be two larger aerial photographs shown of the overall areas concerned. The first photograph will be of the Youngstown CBD and the YSU campus, and the second photograph will be of the Warren CBD. These two aerial photographs will show the boundaries of the study areas, and the extent and boundaries of the TAZ’s contained within.

In each of these three sections each individual TAZ will have an associated aerial photograph (color) attached to the listing of the available parking in that zone. This photograph will show the extent of the TAZ and the contents of it. At the end of each of these three sections there will be a summary of the total amount of parking in each area. This will be broken down into three categories; Public parking, Private parking and on‐street parking.

Also after these three sections are shown and described there will be another short section of the report that will contain a brief list of all of the TAZ’s and the total amount of parking by type in each zone. This list will also include a listing of the amount of people employed in that zone, and basic population and school enrollment data for that zone. The employment data is from 2005, and the population and school enrollment data is from 2000, as it is taken from the U.S. Census. Both these sets of data are due to be updated, but neither will be updated until 2011 at the soonest.

When looking at the parking data there are three conventions that we are using. The first convention is that not all parking spaces are clearly marked, either in parking lots, not all of whom have painted strips showing the parking spaces, on in on‐street parking, where not all spaces are always clearly delineated. To show when the figure for the parking total is somewhat approximate for either of these types of parking we will give the parking total with an asterisk next to the total number. The figure given will be the best possible estimate for the number of parking spaces, but it will be an estimate, not an exact total.

The second convention is confined entirely to YSU parking figures. The university gave Eastgate numbers for the capacities of all of their parking lots, but when examining the parking lots the number of parking spaces in the lots did not always correspond exactly to the provided list. When there is a difference between the two figures we will give the university provided figure first, and the Eastgate counted figure second, in parenthesis.

The third convention is also for YSU parking lots. In some of the university parking lots space has been set aside for visitor’s parking. This is indicated on the University Campus map by the presence of a ‘V’. However, the list provided by the university did not break down the number of parking spaces set aside in these lots for visitor’s parking. Therefore we also will have a ‘V’ after the listed number of spaces to show that there is visitor’s parking available in that lot, but we will not give a total for this.

Youngstown Central Business District and YSU Campus study area The above photograph shows the portion of the study area for this report that includes the central business district (CBD) for the city of Youngstown and the campus of Youngstown State University (YSU), and associated outlying areas. The area within the orange line is the study area for these two sections. The yellow lines delineate the Traffic Assignment Zones (TAZ) within the study area. The Youngstown CBD is the area containing the TAZ’s that number from 1‐22 (not including 2 and 3, which have been relocated to the suburbs). YSU originally was just TAZ 100, but now also covers parts of TAZ’s 25, 27, 99, 102 and 156. TAZ’s 23, 24 26 and 158 are considered to be adjoining areas.

City of Warren Central Business District The above photograph shows the portion of the study area for this report that includes the central business district (CBD) for the city of Warren. The area within the orange line is the study area for this region. The yellow lines delineate the Traffic Assignment Zones (TAZ) within the study area. The Warren CBD is the area containing the TAZ’s that number from 531‐540, as well as TAZ 549, 601 and TAZ 670. As can be seen, TAZ 549 is only partially within the study area. Those parts of TAZ 549 that are outside the study area are outlined in a slightly lighter shade of yellow.

Youngstown Central Business District

Youngstown, Ohio is the county seat of Mahoning County, and is situated on the Mahoning River, approximately 65 miles southeast of Cleveland and 60 miles northwest of Pittsburgh. Youngstown has its own metropolitan area, but is often included in commercial and cultural depictions of the Pittsburgh Tri‐State area and Greater Cleveland. Youngstown lies 10 miles west of the Pennsylvania state line, midway between New York City and Chicago.

The city was named for John Young, an early settler from Whitestown, New York, who established the community's first sawmill and gristmill. Traditionally known as a center of steel production, Youngstown was forced to redefine itself when the U.S. steel industry fell into decline in the 1970s, leaving communities throughout the region without major industry. The 2000 census showed that Youngstown had a total population of 82,026, making it Ohio's eighth largest city. A 2007 U.S. Census Bureau estimate released in July 2008 placed the population at 73,818.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2007 estimate, the Youngstown‐Warren‐Boardman Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) contains 570,704 people and includes Mahoning and Trumbull counties in Ohio, and Mercer County in Pennsylvania. The Steel Valley area as a whole (including Youngstown‐Warren and Sharon‐Farrell‐New Castle, Pennsylvania) comprises 679,402 residents. Demographics

According to the 2000 Census numbers, Youngstown has 32,177 Historical populations households and 19,724 families in the city. The population density is Census Pop. %± 2,312.9/sq mi. There are 37,159 housing units at an average density

1850 of 1,096.3/sq mi . 2,802 —

1860 2,759 −1.5%

The racial makeup of the city is roughly 51% White, 44% Black or 1870 8,075 192.7%

African American, and 5% Hispanic or Latino of any race, though 1880 15,435 91.1% Puerto Ricans are the dominant Latino group. 1890 33,220 115.2%

1900 30,667 −7.7% Records suggest that 27.2% of the households have children under the age of 18. Of these, 33.2% are married couples living together, 1910 79,066 157.8%

22.9% have a female householder with no husband present, and 1920 132,358 67.4%

38.7% are non‐families. Meanwhile, 34.0% of all households 1930 170,002 28.4% comprise a single person, and 14.7% of households comprise a 1940 167,720 −1.3% person over 65 years of age living alone. The average household size 1950 168,330 0.4% is 2.39 and the average family size is 3.07.

1960 166,688 −1.0%

The median household income is $24,201, and the median family 1970 139,788 −16.1% income $30,701; but the average per capita income for the city is 1980 115,427 −17.4% $13,293. Males have a median income of $29,900 and females 1990 95,787 −17.0% $21,050. About 24.8% of the population lives below the poverty line. 2000 82,026 −14.4% Out of the total population, 37.3% of those under the age of 18 and 13.3% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. Est. 2008 72,925 −11.1% Attractions

Covelli Centre

Despite the impact of regional economic decline, Youngstown offers an array of cultural and recreational resources. Moreover, the community's range of attractions has increased in recent years. The newest addition is the Covelli Centre, a venue for professional hockey games, arena football contests, "on ice" shows, and other forms of entertainment.

Theater

The community's culture center is Powers Auditorium, a former Warner Brothers movie palace that serves as the area's primary music hall while providing a home for the Youngstown Symphony Orchestra. This downtown landmark is one of five auditoriums located within the city limits. Ford Recital Hall was built in 2006 as an addition to newly renovated Powers Auditorium. Imposing and neo‐classical Stambaugh Auditorium, located on the city's north side, has served for decades as a site of concerts and is often rented for private events. Oakland Center for the Arts, located in the downtown area, is a venue for locally produced plays.

Museums Youngstown's most widely known museum is the Butler Institute of American Art, which is located on the northeastern edge of the Youngstown State University campus. This institution was established by industrialist Joseph G. Butler, Jr., in 1919 as the first museum in the country dedicated to American art. Across the street from the Butler stands the McDonough Museum of Art, which is owned and operated by YSU. The McDonough, since its establishment in 1991, has showcased contemporary art and hosted programs for students on campus and throughout the surrounding area. The Clarence R. Smith Mineral Museum, also located on the YSU campus, is operated by the university's geology department and housed in a campus building.]

The Butler Institute of American Art

To the immediate north of YSU is the Arms Family Museum of Local History. The museum, housed in a 1905 Arts & Crafts style mansion on the main artery of Wick Avenue, is managed by the Mahoning Valley Historical Society. Once the estate of a local industrialist, the museum maintains period rooms that showcase the original contents of the household, including furnishings, art objects, and personal artifacts. The museum mounts rotating exhibits on topics related to local history. Recently, the museum opened the "Anne Kilcawley Christman Hands‐on History Room". The MVHS Archival Library operates in the estate's former carriage house, located near the back of the site.

Located just south of the YSU campus is the Youngstown Historical Center of Industry and Labor, which sits on a grade overlooking the downtown area. This museum, owned and operated by the Ohio Historical Society, focuses on the Mahoning Valley's history of steel production. Other museums include the Children's Museum of the Valley, an interactive educational center located in the downtown area.

Redevelopment

Youngstown's cityscape includes relatively few contemporary buildings, and from certain angles, the downtown area appears to have changed little since the 1960s. Yet, downtown Youngstown has seen modest levels of new construction. Recent additions include the George Voinovich Government Center and state and federal courthouses: the Seventh District Court of Appeals and the Nathaniel R. Jones Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse. The latter features an award‐winning design by the architectural firm, Robert A. M. Stern Architects.

In 2005, Federal Street, a major downtown thoroughfare that was closed off to create a pedestrian‐ oriented plaza, was reopened to through traffic. The downtown area has seen the razing of structurally unsound buildings and the expansion or restoration of others.

The George Voinovich Center (L) and Mahoning County Children's Services Center (R)

The re‐opened Federal Street

Construction and business development

Low real‐estate prices and the efforts of the Youngstown Central Area Improvement Corporation (CIC) have contributed to the purchase of several long‐abandoned downtown buildings (many by out‐of‐town investors) and their restoration and conversion into specialty shops, restaurants, and eventually condominiums. A nonprofit organization called Wick Neighbors is planning a $250 million revitalization of Smoky Hollow, a former ethnic neighborhood that borders the downtown and university campus. The neighborhood will eventually comprise about 400 residential units, university student housing, retail space, and a central park. Construction for the project began in 2006.

One of the area's more successful business ventures in recent years has been the Youngstown Business Incubator. This nonprofit organization, based in a former downtown department store building, fosters the growth of fledgling technology‐based companies. The incubator, which boasts more than a dozen business tenants, has recently completed construction on the Taft Technology Center, where some of its largest tenants will locate their offices Youngstown Central Business District

The following section lists and describes the parking spaces available in the Youngstown Central Business District (CBD). The CBD is bounded by the Mahoning River to the south, Fifth Avenue to the west, South Avenue to the east, and a line half-way between Commerce Street and Wood Street to the North. The northeastern part of the CBD follows Watt Street from Commerce Street (just north of the end of South Avenue) to Wood Street.

Traffic Zone 22 Covelli Convocation Centre South Lot - 26 Handicapped + 185 parking spaces West Lot - 174 parking spaces North Lot - 2 Handicapped + 18 parking spaces East Lot – 65 parking spaces + 7 Bus parking spaces (the pavement markings for the 65 spaces were added in mid- 2010, after this aerial photograph was taken)

In mid-2010 the Covelli Centre decided to improve the areas shown on the aerial to the south and west of their paved parking lots so as to add temporary event/overflow parking. These areas were graded and leveled, and multiple access points from the parking lots to these areas were added. Due to restrictions from the EPA these areas are not allowed to have an impermeable paving surface, so they have instead been paved with a layer of compressed gravel and aggregate. Although because of this these new lots will not be able to have pavement markings it is estimated that approximately 400 additional parking spaces will be available.

Renaissance Building Lot - 16 parking spaces

Front St. parking lot (S of Freeman Court) - 319 parking spaces w/about 30* spaces in rear of lot (commercial)

Traffic Zone 8 U.S. Post Office 300 parking spaces in employee and vehicle storage lots - 15 full-size truck parking spaces, 72 postal vehicle parking spaces, 213 employee parking spaces, 28 loading docks, 6 maintenance bays Visitor=s Lot - 44 parking spaces + 3 Handicapped 20 on-street parking spaces on Federal Street

Traffic Zone 6 The block bounded by Federal, Commerce and Walnut Streets South-eastern parking lot - 53 parking spaces + 2 Handicapped North-eastern parking lot - 59 parking spaces Main north parking lot - 140 parking spaces, 1 truck parking space On-street parking - 15 parking spaces (on Federal) North of Commerce Street between Walnut and Watt Streets Levinson Tire parking lot - 15 parking spaces YMCA parking lot north of Commerce Street - 97 parking spaces + 3 Handicapped

Traffic Zone 11 Behind buildings on Front Street east of Market Street 2 small lots with 16 parking spaces plus 25* parking spaces.

Traffic Zone 10 The block bounded by Front, Boardman, Walnut and Champion Streets 26 standard parking spaces + 2 Handicapped (commercial) in southwest lot 27 parking spaces in 3 lots 7 on-street parking spaces on Walnut Street, 7 on-street parking spaces on Boardman Street

Traffic Zone 7 The block bounded by Boardman, Walnut, Federal and Champion Streets USA Parking Deck - 910 parking spaces (commercial) On Federal Street - 7 standard + 1 Handicapped diagonal parking slots 15 on-street parking spaces on Boardman, Walnut and Champion Streets

Traffic Zone 5 The block bounded by Federal, Commerce, Walnut and Champion Streets City Center One Building side parking lot - 23 parking spaces + 1 Handicapped YMCA east parking lot - 10 parking spaces Alley parking - 10 parking spaces On Federal Street – 10 standard + 1 Handicapped diagonal parking slots 25 on-street parking spaces on Commerce and Champion Streets Nathaniel R. Jones Federal Courthouse Parking lot for Federal courthouse - 70 parking spaces 20 on-street parking spaces on Commerce Street

Traffic Zone 12 The block bounded by Front, Boardman, Market and Champion Streets Ohio One Building lot – 12* parking spaces Thomas D. Lambros Federal Courthouse - Rear parking lot - 34 parking spaces Legal Arts Building - 32 parking spaces in 2-level internal parking deck in (Not in use) 5 on-street parking spaces on Boardman Street

Traffic Zone 4 The block bounded by Boardman, Market, Federal and Champion Streets South parking lot - 46 parking spaces South parking lot - 19 parking spaces (commercial) Realty Building parking Lot - 50 parking spaces On Federal St. - 9 Standard + 2 Handicapped diagonal parking slots 15 on-street parking spaces on Champion and Boardman Streets

The block bounded by Federal, Commerce, Market and Champion Streets Stambaugh parking deck - 250 parking spaces (commercial) Stambaugh parking lot - 70 parking spaces (commercial) On Federal St. - 11 Standard + 1 Handicapped diagonal parking slots 10 on-street parking spaces on Champion Street

Nathaniel R. Jones Federal Courthouse - the parking lot for the Federal courthouse is in Traffic Zone 5

Traffic Zone 13 The block south of Front Street and west of Market Street Parking lot south of Emily Alley between Market and Phelps Streets - 95 parking spaces Youngstown City Hall Annex parking lot - 12 parking spaces Parking lot south of Front Street east of Phelps Street - 41 parking spaces (commercial) Parking lot south of Front Street between Phelps and Hazel Streets - 276 parking spaces (commercial)

Traffic Zone 14 The block bounded by Front, Boardman, Market and Phelps Streets A-1 Parking deck on Boardman Street - 202 parking spaces (commercial - monthly parking only) Total on-street parking on all 4 streets - 40 parking spaces

Traffic Zone 1 The block bounded by Commerce, Hazel, and Wood Streets and Wick Avenue Southeast parking lot - 165 spaces

The block bounded by Federal, Commerce, Market and Phelps Streets On Federal St. - 11 Std. + 1 Handicapped diagonal parking slots

The block bounded by Boardman, Market, Federal and Phelps Streets South-west Lot - 60 parking spaces (commercial) (this lot was expanded since the aerial was taken) On Federal St. - 6 Std. + 2 Handicapped diagonal parking slots

Traffic Zone 15 The block bounded by Front, Boardman, Phelps and Hazel Streets South parking lot - 141 parking spaces East parking lot - 30 parking spaces Behind Amedia Towers building - 10 parking spaces 8 on-street parking spaces on Phelps and Boardman Streets

Traffic Zone 16 The block bounded by Boardman, Phelps, Federal and Hazel Streets 7th District Federal Court of Appeals rear lot - 22 parking spaces Youngstown City Hall north lot - 15 parking spaces Youngstown City Hall east parking lot - 60 parking spaces 4 parking spaces on Federal Street 7 Standard + 2 Handicapped diagonal parking slots on Federal Street 10 on-street parking spaces on Federal and Phelps Streets

Traffic Zone 17 The block bounded by Federal, Commerce, Phelps and Hazel Streets North parking lot - 67 parking spaces (commercial) 18 on-street parking spaces on Federal Street 15 on-street parking spaces on Hazel Street

The block bounded by Commerce, Hazel, and Wood Streets and Wick Avenue Erie Building parking lot - 78 spaces (commercial)

Traffic Zone 21 The block bounded by Front Street to the north and west of Hazel Street The parking lot south of Front Street - 152 parking spaces (commercial)

Traffic Zone 18 The block bounded by Federal, Commerce, Hazel and Chestnut Streets Mahoning County Children Services Building - 88 parking spaces + 5 Handicapped George Voinovich Government Center - 29 parking spaces + 9 Handicapped South parking lot (next to Devore) - 12 parking spaces 7 diagonal parking slots on Federal Street 13 on-street parking spaces on Federal Street

The block bounded by Federal, Commerce and Chestnut Streets and Fifth Avenue East parking lot -behind Sandel=s - 20 parking spaces (commercial) North central parking lot - 5 parking spaces WRTA Bus Terminal parking lot - 28 parking spaces 11 diagonal parking slots on Chestnut Street 5 on-street parking spaces on Federal Street

The block bounded by Commerce, Hazel, and Wood Streets and Fifth Avenue Auxiliary jail parking lot - 56 parking spaces South parking lot - 141 parking spaces + 7 Handicapped

Traffic Zone 19 The block bounded by Boardman, Hazel, and Federal Streets and Vindicator Square South-east parking lot - 30 parking spaces (commercial) South-east parking lot - 29 parking spaces (commercial) (building demolished, parking lot opened April 2010) Business Incubator parking lot - 47 parking spaces Federal Courthouse rear parking lot - 16 parking spaces South-central parking - 37 parking spaces (commercial) 8 diagonal parking slots on Vindicator Square 7 standard + 2 Handicapped diagonal parking slots on Federal Street 10 standard + 2 Handicapped parking spaces on Federal Street

The block bounded by Federal and Boardman Streets and Vindicator Square South parking lot - 89 parking spaces (commercial) North-west parking lot - 65 parking spaces (commercial) North-east parking lot - 42 parking spaces (commercial) 5 standard + 1 Handicapped parking spaces on Federal Street

Traffic Zone 20 The block bounded by Front, Boardman and Hazel Streets and Vindicator Square North-east parking lot - 16 parking spaces (commercial) East parking lot - 48 parking spaces (commercial) South-east parking lot - 20 parking spaces Youngstown Vindicator parking lots - 66 parking spaces, 6 truck parking spaces and 7 loading docks

The block bounded by Front and Boardman Streets and Vindicator Square Parking lot (commercial) - 58 parking spaces Summary of parking for Youngstown Central Business District

TAZ Private Commercial On-Street Total 22 893 349 - 1,242 8 347 - 20 367 6 373 - 15 388 11 41 - - 41 10 27 28 14 69 7 - 910 23 933 5 114 - 56 170 12 78 - 5 83 4 96 339 48 483 13 107 317 - 424 14 - 202 40 242 1 165 60 20 245 15 181 - 8 189 16 97 - 23 120 17 - 145 33 178 21 - 152 - 152 18 380 20 36 436 19 63 292 35 390 20 92 114 - 206 3,054 2,928 376 6,358 (48.0%) (46.1%) (5.9%)

Youngstown State University

Youngstown State University, founded 1908, is an urban research university located in Youngstown, Ohio, United States. As of fall 2009, there were 14,682 students and a student-faculty ratio of 19:1. The fall 2009 enrollment figure is the highest since 1992, when the number of students on campus was 14,806. Records show that 11,803 of the students are undergraduates. Beyond its current student body, YSU claims more than 77,000 alumni.

History

The university began in 1908, when the local branch of the YMCA established a school of law within the Youngstown Association School. In 1921, the school became known as the Youngstown Institute of Technology and offered its first evening courses. In 1928, a year after establishing the College of Arts and Sciences, the institute once again changed its name to Youngstown College. In 1955, Youngstown College was renamed as Youngstown University, an indication of the school's broadening curriculum.

On September 1, 1967, after becoming a public institution, Youngstown University became officially known as Youngstown State University. The following spring, YSU opened a Graduate School and College of Applied Science and Technology. In 1974, the College of Fine and Performing Arts was established.

YSU is primarily a commuter school, with most students living at home or in residence off campus, but approximately 1,000 students live in residence halls on campus. Another 400 live in the University Courtyard apartment complexes just off campus. About 13% of the student body are international students from 55 countries.

YSU is currently trying to get more students to live on campus, with initiatives such as mandatory on-campus housing for students in the Leslie H. Cochran University Scholars program, which is Youngstown State's full ride academic scholarship program. One of the goals for the university's centennial in 2008 is to have 20 percent of the student body living on campus.

There are over 500,000 volumes at the campus' William F. Maag Library, and participation in the OhioLINK program gives access to the collections of 84 other Ohio institutions. The Wilcox Curriculum Resource Center in Beeghly Hall complements the resources available at Maag.

YSU is participating in the Early College program, through which students from the Youngstown City School District can take courses for college credit while in high school. The program is in its fifth year, and has approximately 290 students in the ninth through twelfth grades. Youngstown Early college has also had their first graduating class in Spring 2008.

Campus

YSU lies on a 140-acre campus just north of downtown Youngstown. Although it is not located near any outstanding geographical features, that has not stopped Youngstown State's campus from being noted for its landscaping, which is dissimilar from that of many other urban universities. YSU's geographical center has a park-like atmosphere, featuring a rather-hilly terrain and a variety of trees and plant life, as well as tables and chairs that surround a campus fountain.

Most buildings on campus have been built within the last half-century, making them newer than most buildings in downtown Youngstown, where most buildings were constructed before the Great Depression.

Buildings

Jones Hall, often the building that welcomes people coming onto the YSU campus, is also one of the campus's oldest buildings, having been built in 1931, when YSU was known as Youngstown College. Its history as the "main building" of the campus continues today, as it is perhaps the best-known and most photographed building of the whole campus. The building was renamed Jones Hall in honor of the institutions first president, Dr. Howard Jones. Today, the building is used as administrative office space.

The Rayen College of Engineering and Technology is housed in Moser Hall, completed in 1967. The university's geological and environmental sciences department share the space, and also sponsor the Clarence R. Smith Mineral Museum.

A recent YSU addition is the Andrews Wellness and Recreation Center. Completed for the fall 2005 semester, the Andrews Center gives YSU a complete gym facility, as well as a climbing wall and racquetball courts.

Bliss Hall, completed in 1977 and featuring two auditoriums, is the home of the College of Fine and Performing Arts, including the Departments of Art, Communication (including communication studies and telecommunication studies), Theater & Dance, and the Dana School of Music. Next door to Bliss is the McDonough Museum of Art, which is maintained by the university's art department and displays exhibits of the graduating senior class every semester. McDonough is directly across the street from the Butler Institute of American Art, the first museum solely devoted to American art.

Beeghly Hall was completed in 1998 at a cost of $14 million. The Beeghly College of Education resides there, and it also hosts several programs open to the community, such as the Community Counseling Center. Beeghly, which is located away from the campus proper, is planned to be linked to the rest of the campus through a main pedestrian pathway, a plan that ran into trouble.

Kilcawley Center is primarily a resource and community center on campus. It features reading and study rooms, computer labs, a copying center, YSU's bookstore, a variety of restaurants (including a full-service Arby's and a KFC Express), and many student-affairs offices. There are also many meeting and seminar rooms, which can be rented out for events by the community.

YSU has six housing facilities.

Lyden House (completed 1990)

Cafaro House residential honors facility (completed 1995)

Christman Dining Commons, YSU's main residential dining hall, is located in the Anne K. Christman Campus Green between these buildings. Kilcawley House is attached to Kilcawley Center in the middle of campus. Weller House, off Wick Avenue, also houses a small number of students in an apartment setting. The University Courtyard Apartments, on the east side of the campus (behind Bliss Hall), were built in 2004. These are commonly known as the Courtyards. They are actual apartments and are not affiliated with housing services at YSU. Instead they are managed by an outside company, Ambling Leasing. Beuchner Hall is an independently owned and operated women's residence hall located on Bryson Street and operated by the Beuchner Foundation. Williamson College of Business Administration

The new $34 million Williamson College of Business Administration, which should open in Fall of 2010, will provide a professional business education environment, a resource for the regional business community and a link between YSU and the city’s downtown.

In developing the new business school, YSU had a number of goals in mind. One was for the building to provide a professional business education environment that’s more like a corporate training setting than a traditional classroom. Another goal was to provide resources for the local business community, such as a 200-seat auditorium and a regional conference center. The building, which sits on Rayen Avenue at Phelps Street, also links the campus with the downtown community. This relationship of the building to the rest of the city also is important. The three-story building features an atrium and window-lined classrooms, offices and corridors. The building is completely wireless. The atrium will be a gathering space for students, and a large screen on the wall will show the markets from the Financial News Network, CNN and other networks.

The family of the late Warren P. Williamson Jr., founder of WKBN radio and television, contributed $5 million toward the new building for the college. Tony and Mary Lariccia of Boardman also donated $4 million for the project. YSU renamed its department of accounting and finance the Lariccia School of Accounting and Finance. The old Williamson business building will be called the Lincoln Building and will house the math department.

Other buildings on campus include:

• Meshel Hall (Department of Computer Science and Information Systems)

• Fedor Hall (housing student newspaper The Jambar, student magazine The Yo, student literary magazine The Penguin Review, the Rich Center for Autism, and the Youngstown Early College)

• Cushwa Hall (College of Health and Human Services, Mathematics and Statistics, WYSU-FM)

• Williamson Hall (Williamson College of Business Administration)

• Phelps Building (Geography, Urban and Regional Studies)

• Maag Library

• Tod Hall (administrative offices)

• DeBartolo Hall (College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, a.k.a. CLASS)

• Sweeney Hall (Undergraduate Admissions)

• the E.J. Salata Complex (maintenance services)

• Clingan-Wadell Hall (YSU Police Department)

• Alumni House (Alumni Relations and The YSU Foundation); the oldest building on campus

Current building projects include the Williamson College of Business Administration, currently located in Williamson Hall on Lincoln Ave and the Wick Pollock Inn located on Wick Avenue next to Bliss Hall.

Ward-Beecher Planetarium

The university's planetarium, located in Ward-Beecher Hall, was recently renovated. The $750,000 upgrade included an all new interior which seats approximately 150, a SciDome full-dome video projector, as well as a Chronos star projector from Spitz. The star projector, which replicates the night sky onto the planetarium's 40-foot (12 m) diameter dome, cost $489,000.

The planetarium is the location of the introductory astronomy courses at YSU, which registers almost 1,000 students every year. It has housed over 500,000 students and 750,000 visitors to date. Organized shows are available for groups during the week, and scheduled shows available Friday and Saturday evenings, with a show for a younger audience on Saturday afternoons). All shows are free of charge.

Academics

The University comprises the following colleges as of the Summer 2007 academic reorganization:

• The College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences (a.k.a. CLASS)

• The Beeghly College of Education

• The College of Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (a.k.a. STEM)

• The College of Fine and Performing Arts • The Bitonte College of Health and Human Services

• The Williamson College of Business Administration

• The School of Graduate Studies

YSU offers a doctorate in educational leadership as well as a doctorate in mathematics in cooperation with Rhodes University. Together with the University of Akron and Kent State University, YSU sponsors the Northeastern Ohio Universities College Of Medicine (NEOUCOM), a BS-MD program. YSU engineering students may pursue doctoral studies in cooperation with the University of Akron and Cleveland State University. In addition, YSU has 35 masters programs and over 100 undergraduate majors.

The Dana School of Music at Youngstown State University was deemed an "All-Steinway" school in 2004. The Dana School of Music is one of the oldest non-conservatory schools of music in the United States. It is housed in Bliss Hall. Additionally, the Youngstown State University Symphonic Wind Ensemble performed in March 2005 at New York City's Carnegie Hall. The ensemble's performance was highly praised, and they received a standing ovation.

Youngstown State University is also home to the Center for Working Class Studies and offers a Regional and American Studies program, which was the first of its kind in the United States. The school assisted the University of Chicago in developing a similar program. The center is operated by John Russo and Sherry Lee Linkon.

YSU is also known as the one of the few traditional four-year colleges to have actual college professors teach undergraduate students instead of a graduate assistant like most colleges. This is because of YSU offering a relatively low amount of graduate courses, thus allowing professors to teach to undergraduates themselves. In most colleges, graduate assistants are used to teach courses to undergraduate students while full-time professors focus on graduate students themselves, usually only having involvement with the undergraduate courses by grading exams (especially final exams) and term papers if those classes necessitate it. Youngstown State University Campus (and Outlying Zones in the study area)

Youngstown State University Parking Faculty F-1 (Bryson Street) - 104 parking spaces V F-2 (Fifth Avenue) - 75 parking spaces F-3 (Rayen Avenue) - 138 parking spaces F-5 (Elm Street) - 35 parking spaces F-6 (Elm Street) - 46 parking spaces V F-7 (next to stadium) - 65 parking spaces F-12 (Lincoln Avenue) - 20 parking spaces Total Faculty - 483 parking spaces

Mixed Parking M-1 deck (Wick Ave.) - 2,120 parking spaces V Hours of operation - Fall & Spring Semesters - Monday-Saturday 6a.m.-midnight Summer Semester - Monday-Friday - 6a.m.-midnight w/Saturday hours scheduled according to events on campus and around construction repairs and maintenance upkeep. M-2 deck (Rayen Ave.) - 1,278 parking spaces V Hours of operation - Fall & Spring Semesters - Monday-Saturday 6a.m.-11 p.m. Summer Semester - Monday-Friday - 6a.m.-11 p.m. w/Saturday hours scheduled according to events on campus and around construction repairs and maintenance upkeep.

M-3 lot (Rayen Ave.) - 164 parking spaces V M-4 lot (Wick Ave.) - 56 parking spaces M-5 lot (Wick Ave.) - 121 parking spaces M-6 lot (Walnut St.) - 0 parking spaces (60*) M-7 lot (Lincoln Ave.) - 296 parking spaces M-8 lot - 88 parking spaces M-9 lot (Walnut St.) - 58 parking spaces (104*) M-14 lot (Grove St.) - 16 parking spaces (54*) M-15 lot (Grove St.) - 50 parking spaces (64*) M-16 lot (Webb St.) - 40 parking spaces (68*) M-20 lot (Fifth Ave.) - 11 parking spaces M-23 lot (Wood St.) - 24 parking spaces M-24 lot (Arlington St.) - 440 parking spaces (452) V M-26 lot (Rayen Ave.) - 223 parking spaces (223+4) V M-27 lot (Fifth Ave.) - 46 parking spaces M-28 lot (Fifth Ave.) - 39 parking spaces M-29 lot (Lincoln Ave.) - 26 parking spaces Total Mixed Parking - 5,096 parking spaces (5,295)

Residence Parking Residence lot R-1 - 364 parking spaces (379) Residence lot R-2 - 113 parking spaces Residence lot R-2 Rear - 8 parking spaces Residence lot R-3 - 34 parking spaces Residence lot R-4 - 65 parking spaces Total Residence Parking - 584 parking spaces (599)

Other Parking University Courtyard apartments 378 parking spaces, 25 diagonal visitors parking spaces, 15 Handicapped parking spaces Disabled lot D-11 (W. Rayen Ave.) - 6 Disabled parking spaces Visitor lot V-4 (Wick Ave.) - 20 parking spaces

YSU Approved Parking The parking spaces on campus for faculty, staff and students are divided into categories. Lots designated as Faculty are restricted to faculty/staff parking, 7:00 am-4:30 pm, Monday through Friday. Parking lots and decks designated as Mixed are available to faculty/staff, students and other special parking permits, during all hours of operation. After 4:30 pm and on weekends, Faculty lots become Mixed lots for use with all types of permits.

Lots designated with a ‘V’ contain parking meters. These meters are for short-term parking, a maximum of 3 hours, and are designated for visitors to the campus. Vehicles parked in spaces with expired meters will be ticketed. After 4:30 pm, these lots become available for use with a current parking permit or money in the meter. Vehicles without parking permits parked at an expired meter will be ticketed.

Parking spaces are available for drivers with disabilities in most University parking lots. These spaces are restricted to vehicles displaying state-issued handicap plates or cards or temporary-disability permits issued by the University. A current YSU permit must also be displayed with all types of disability permits. Hatched areas of disability spaces are not available for parking. They must be kept clear.

Several 20 minute parking spaces are available on campus to assist with short-term emergency parking. Parking permits are not required in order to park in these spaces. Those vehicles parking over the time limit will be ticketed.

Many lots include several parking spaces restricted for special permit parking only. Vehicles using these spaces must display a permit authorized for a specific reason by the Parking Services Office. Student and faculty/staff permits are not valid in these spaces.

Lot F-1 at the corner of University Plaza and Bryson Streets has a designated RESERVED parking area within the lot. This area is available specifically for persons with parking reservations made by departments on campus. Faculty, staff, and students are not eligible to park in this area. An attendant is on duty Monday through Saturday from 6:00 am to 11:00 pm to assist those who have questions. Lot F-7, located on Fifth Avenue, also has several reserved spaces. The same situation applies, and an attendant is on duty in this area from 6:00 am-7:00 pm Monday through Friday. The Director of Support Services may temporarily designate spaces for SPECIAL EVENT PARKING for which a special parking fee may be assessed. Vehicles displaying a current valid parking permit will not be required to pay the additional fee unless they are seeking access to a parking area that has been specified as reserved for that purpose, such as the "tailgate lot" for football games. The Director of Support Services or his Designee shall have the authority to make temporary changes in cases of emergency or special University needs. Spaces so temporarily designated are not approved.

Traffic Zone 100 YSU Faculty F-1 (Bryson Street) - 104 parking spaces F-5 (Elm Street) - 35 parking spaces F-6 (Elm Street) - 46 parking spaces F-7 (next to stadium) - 65 parking spaces

YSU Student M-2 deck (Rayen Ave.) - 1,278 parking spaces V M-5 lot (Wick Ave.) - 121 parking spaces

YSU Residential Residence lot R-3 - 34 parking spaces Residence lot R-4 - 65 parking spaces Sweeney Hall rear lot - 21 parking spaces

YSU Visitors YSU Disabled Visitors lot (part of F-1) - 20 parking spaces Disabled lot (part of F-1) - 6 parking spaces

Alumni House parking Arms Family Museum parking Alumni south lot - 11 parking spaces + 2 Handicapped South lot - 26 parking spaces + 2 Handicapped

On-street Parking On Lincoln Avenue - 35 parking spaces On Spring Street - 19 parking spaces

Butler Art Institute Museum parking lot - 72 parking spaces + 3 Handicapped

Traffic Zone 99 YSU Faculty F-1 (Bryson Street) - 104 parking spaces F-2 (Fifth Avenue) - 75 parking spaces

YSU Student M-24 lot (Arlington St.) - 440 parking spaces (452) V M-27 lot (Fifth Ave.) - 46 parking spaces

McDonalds Restaurant Restaurant lot - 58 parking spaces + 4 Handicapped

Professional Buildings parking (north of west Scott Street) Northwest lot - 28 parking spaces + 2 Handicapped Northeast lot - 14 parking spaces West lot - 26 parking spaces + 3 Handicapped East lot - 28 parking spaces + 1 Handicapped Southwest lot - 14* parking spaces Southeast lot - 73 parking spaces + 3 Handicapped

Traffic Zone 102 The block bounded by the US-422 Expressway, Madison and Wick Avenues and Elm Street Residence lot R-1 - 364 (379) parking spaces Parking in lots on or around Ursuline - 180 parking spaces Small unpaved lot on Madison Avenue - 25* parking spaces

The block bounded by the US-422 Expressway, Madison Avenue and Elm Street Residence lot R-2 - 113 parking spaces Residence lot R-2 Rear - 8 parking spaces On street parking (on Elm St.) - 23 parking spaces

Traffic Zone 25 The block bounded by Rayen and Wick Avenues and Wood and Phelps Streets Parking for the Youngstown Board of Education and the YWCA - 174 parking spaces On-street parking (on Wood) - 5 parking spaces The block bounded by Rayen Avenue and Elm, Wood and Phelps Streets As of 9/1/2010 this block houses St. Columba’s Cathedral and the new Williamson School of Business. St. Columba’s has a 15 space visitor’s lot, and Williamson has a 10 space visitor’s lot. There are 14 on-street parking spaces on Wood, 16 on Phelps, and 9 spaces on Elm. Any additional surface parking on this block is not in place as of 9/1/2010. The block bounded by Rayen and Fifth Avenues and Elm and Wood Streets M-3 lot (Rayen Ave.) - 164 parking spaces V M-20 lot (Fifth Ave.) - 11 parking spaces M-23 lot (Wood St.) - 24 parking spaces M-28 lot (Fifth Ave.) - 39 parking spaces The block bounded by Rayen, Wick and Lincoln Avenues and Phelps Streets F-3 lot (Rayen Avenue) - 138 parking spaces New Beginnings Outreach Ministries - 25 parking spaces On-street parking on Lincoln Avenue - 7 parking spaces The block bounded by Rayen and Lincoln Avenues and Phelps and Elm Streets F-12 (Lincoln Avenue) - 20 parking spaces M-29 lot (Lincoln Ave.) - 26 parking spaces Youngstown Plant & Flower - 13* parking spaces Lot on W. Rayen Ave. - 40 parking spaces On-street parking on Lincoln Avenue - 12 parking spaces On-street parking on N. Phelps Street - 12 parking spaces The block bounded by Rayen, Fifth and Lincoln Avenues and Elm Street D-11 (W. Rayen Ave.) - 6 Handicapped parking spaces Small lot on east end of Beeghly Hall - 4 parking spaces + 1 Handicapped Sandwich shop - 14 parking spaces + 1 Handicapped + 10* parking spaces Small lot off Elm Street - 7* parking spaces Small lot behind building on Lincoln Ave - 12* parking spaces On-street parking on Lincoln Avenue - 15 parking spaces The area south of Wood Street between Wick Avenue and Hazel Street West parking lot - 21 spaces North parking lot (south of Wood St.) – 40* spaces On-street parking (on Wood St.) - 14 spaces The area south of Wood Street between Fifth Avenue and Hazel Street North parking lot (south of Wood) - 70 parking spaces + 4 Handicapped Steel Museum parking lot – 20* parking spaces On-street parking (on Wood St.) - 22 parking spaces

Traffic Zone 27 The block bounded by Federal and Commerce Streets and Fifth and Belmont Avenues North-western parking lot - 25 parking spaces North-central Parking lot - 20 parking spaces In front of fire station - 5 parking spaces South-eastern parking lot - 50 parking spaces

The block bounded by Commerce and Wood Streets and Fifth and Belmont Avenues Mahoning County Jail - 110 parking spaces

The block bounded by Wood Street and Fifth , Rayen and Belmont Avenues Frieda’s Tavern - 25 parking spaces + 1 Handicapped W. Rayen Ave. church - 33 parking spaces + 2 Handicapped Store on W. Rayen Ave. - 16 parking spaces + 1 Handicapped + 10* parking spaces ‘Club Kush’ nightclub - 20 parking spaces + 30* parking spaces Parking lot on Orchard Place - 44 unmarked parking spaces

The block bounded by Fifth , Rayen, Lincoln and Belmont Avenues YSU M-26 parking lot - 223 parking spaces + 4 Handicapped M-26 visitors parking lot - 10 parking spaces Charlie Staples BBQ restaurant - 45 parking spaces Parking lot west of M-26 - 44 parking spaces

The block bounded by Arlington Street and Fifth , Lincoln and Belmont Avenues YSU M-7 parking lot - 296 parking spaces Taco Bell restaurant - 31 parking spaces + 2 Handicapped

Traffic Zone 24 The block bounded by Commerce, Walnut, and Wood Streets and Wick Avenue South parking lot (south of Wood) (commercial) - 80* parking spaces

The block bounded by Commerce, Walnut, Watt and Wood Streets Southeast parking lot (Rectory south of Wood) - 12 parking spaces South parking lot 1 (south of Wood) - 38 parking spaces South parking lot 2 (south of Wood) - 38 parking spaces

The block bounded by Watt, Walnut, and Wood Streets and Rayen Avenue Choffin Career Center - 194 parking spaces

The block bounded by Champion, Walnut, and Wood Streets and Rayen Avenue - 98 parking spaces

The block bounded by Champion and Wood Streets. and Rayen and Wick Avenues - 150 parking spaces + 5 Handicapped

28 on-street parking spaces on Wood Street between Wick Avenue and Walnut Street

Traffic Zone 23 The block bounded by Commerce, Watt, Federal and Wood Sts. and Andrews Ave. 360 E. Federal St. parking - 32 parking spaces + 3 Handicapped, 5 loading docks Social Security Building Front parking - 28 parking spaces + 3 Handicapped Rear parking - 36 parking spaces + 2 Handicapped James & Weaver warehouse East parking - 38 parking spaces, 4 loading docks West parking - 48 parking spaces Northwest lot (s. of Wood) - 18 parking spaces Northeast lot (s. of Wood) - 15 parking spaces 10 on-street parking spaces on Wood Street

The block bounded by Wood and Watt Sts. and Andrews and Rayen Avenues Mt. Carmel parking lot (north of Via Mt Carmel) - 190 parking spaces 8 on-street parking spaces on Via Mt Carmel West parking lot on Watt St. - 73 parking spaces NW parking lot on Watt St. - 25 parking spaces

Traffic Zone 26 The block east and south of South Avenue and south of Boardman Street First building parking lot (east end) - 19 parking spaces Second building parking lot - 47 parking spaces Third parking lot - 108 parking spaces, 12 truck parking spaces 12 on-street parking spaces on Service Road south of South Avenue

The block bounded by Federal and Boardman Streets and South Avenue Credit Union parking lot - 48 parking spaces + 2 Handicapped MS Consultants building - 59 parking spaces

Traffic Zone 156 University Courtyard apartments 378 parking spaces, 25 diagonal visitors parking spaces, 15 Handicapped parking spaces

M-1 deck (Wick Ave.) - 2,120 parking spaces V Visitors V-4 (Wick Ave.) - 20 parking spaces M-4 lot (Wick Ave.) - 56 parking spaces M-6 lot (Walnut St.) - 0 parking spaces (60*) M-9 lot (Walnut St.) - 58 parking spaces (104*) M-14 lot (Grove St.) - 16 parking spaces (54*) M-15 lot (Grove St.) - 50 parking spaces (64*) M-16 lot (Webb St.) - 40 parking spaces (68*)

Public Library – Main Branch Visitors lot - 62 parking spaces + 4 Handicapped Employees lot - 50 parking spaces + 3 Handicapped

St. John’s Episcopal Church parking lot - 44 parking spaces Wick Pollock Inn parking lot (front) - 84 parking spaces (rear) - 40* parking spaces Melnick Hall parking lot - 30* parking spaces McDonough Museum parking lot - 4 parking spaces

Traffic Zone 158 Belleria Restaurant parking lot - 24 parking spaces + 2 Handicapped Ursuline High School parking lot - 155 parking spaces + 6 Handicapped Parking lot north of Ursuline lot - 40* parking spaces Mahoning Co. Juvenile Justice Center parking - 163 parking spaces + 3 Handicapped McVean & Hughes Funeral parking lot - 49 parking spaces + 3 Handicapped

Summary of parking for Youngstown State University and Outlying Areas

TAZ University Private Commercial On-Street Total 100 1,808 103 - 54 1,965 99 665 254 - - 919 102 485 (500) 205 - 23 713 (728) 25 443 466 - 128 1,037 27 533 466 50 - 1,049 24 - 535 80 28 643 23 - 512 - 18 530 26 - 295 - 12 307 156 2,812 (2,998) 168 - - 2,980 (3,166) 158 - 445 - - 445 6,746 (6,947) 3,449 130 263 10,588 (10,789) 63.7% 32.6% 1.2% 2.5% City of Warren Central Business District

Warren, Ohio

Warren is the county seat of Trumbull County. The municipality is located in northeastern Ohio, approximately 14 miles northwest of Youngstown and 15 miles west of the Pennsylvania state line.

The population was 46,832 at the 2000 census, but in 2005, the population was down to 45,796. It is part of the Youngstown‐Warren‐Boardman, OH‐PA Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History

Ephraim Quinby founded Warren in 1798, on land that he purchased from the Connecticut Land Company, as part of the Connecticut Western Reserve. Quinby named the town for the town's surveyor, Moses Warren. The town became the Trumbull County seat in 1801.

Warren continued to grow in the twentieth century. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, steel production was a major industry in the county because of large deposits of coal and iron ore in surrounding counties. In recent years, many Warren residents have worked in local service and retail sales businesses. In 2000, Warren was Trumbull County's most populated community, with 46,832 residents.

Demographics Historical populations Census Pop. %± As of the census of 2000, there were 46,832 people, 19,288 1860 2,402 — households and 12,035 families residing in the city. The population

1870 3,457 43.9% density was 2,912.4 people per square mile. There were 21,279

1880 4,428 28.1% housing units at an average density of 1,322.9/sq mi . The racial

1890 makeup of the city was 71.94% White, 25.20% African American, 5,973 34.9% 0.13% Native American, 0.42% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.30% 1900 8,529 42.8% from other races and 1.98% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino 1910 11,081 29.9% of any race were 1.04% of the population. 1920 27,050 144.1%

1930 41,062 51.8% There were 19,288 households out of which 29.5% had children under 1940 42,837 4.3% the age of 18 living with them, 38.4% were married couples living 1950 49,856 16.4% together, 19.4% had a female householder with no husband present 1960 59,648 19.6% and 37.6% were non‐families. 32.9% of all households were made up 1970 63,494 6.4% of individuals and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years 1980 55,471 −12.6% of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average 1990 50,793 −8.4% family size was 3.01. 2000 46,832 −7.8% In the city the population was spread out with 26.3% under the age of Est. 2008 43,789 −6.5% 18, 8.6% from 18–24, 27.3% from 25–44, 21.0% from 45–64 and 16.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 86.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $30,147 and the median income for a family was $36,158. Males had a median income of $32,317 versus $23,790 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,808. About 16.2% of families and 19.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.8% of those under age 18 and 9.9% of those age 65 or over.

Warren City Hall

City of Warren Central Business District

The City of Warren Central Business District (CBD) covers 150 acres in a nationally registered historic district, and anchors the greater downtown area, which extends to approximately one square mile in size. As Trumbull County seat, office space in the downtown district maintains immediate access to the city, county and state courts.

There are over 5,000 employees working in the CBD. The Warren CBD has six independent restaurants in the immediate downtown vicinity, and four national chain restaurants. The Warren CBD is home to a number of independent retail shops, and is known for its unique selection of goods. From vintage items to urban fashion, you can find it all here!

The Warren CBD is home to ten churches of various denominations. The Warren CBD is also home to the historic Park Hotel (now operated by the Comfort Inn chain) located right on Courthouse Square. Annual attendance at the Warren Community Amphitheatre has exceeded 16,000 since its construction. Located in the heart of downtown, the Amphitheatre is host to over 30 first‐class arts performances each summer. The 2007 season was the first season to utilize the Riverwalk Stagehouse facility at the Amphitheatre, which was constructed during the summer of 2006. Downtown Warren hosts nearly 50 events, including Noon in the Park, a weekly concert series in the Square, and the Packard Car Show, an celebration of Warren’s history as home to the Packard automobile.

Located just north of downtown is the 2,500 seat Packard Music Hall which hosts a variety of entertainment events including theatrical productions, community and private events, and performances by the Packard Concert Band, who marked their 50th anniversary in 2005.

The Kinsman House and Land Office, both listed on the National Register and located in the downtown district, have recently undergone a complete exterior historic restoration as part of a comprehensive strategy to spur local community and economic development.

Trumbull County Courthouse City of Warren Central Business District

Traffic Zone 531 Courthouse Square 16 on street parking spaces on West Market Street SW 14 on street parking spaces on High Street NW 14 on street parking spaces on Mahoning Avenue SW On North Park Avenue ‐ 11 diagonal parking slots (10 Standard + 1 Handicapped)

Traffic Zone 532 The block bounded by South and Franklin Streets SW and Main and N. Park Avenues SW Northeast parking lot ‐ 38 parking spaces Central/south parking ‐ 60 parking spaces + 14* parking spaces Shopping plaza parking ‐ 45* parking spaces

The block bounded by Franklin, Erie and South Streets SW and Main Avenue SW Trumbull County Family Court East parking lot ‐ 62 parking spaces + 2 Handicapped North parking lot ‐ 30 parking spaces West parking lot ‐ 38 parking spaces

The block bounded by Franklin, Erie and South Streets SW, Main Ave. SW, and the Mahoning River Huntingdon Bank West parking lot ‐ 53 parking spaces North parking lot ‐ 131 parking spaces 10 on‐street parking spaces on Main Ave. SW

The block bounded by Market and Franklin Streets SW and Main and N. Park Avenues SW Franklin Street parking deck (commercial) – 325 parking spaces Southeast parking lot – 96 parking spaces East parking lot ‐ 28 parking spaces Burger King parking lot – 29 parking spaces + 2 Handicapped 20 on‐street parking spaces on Market St. SW 6 on‐street parking spaces on Main Ave. SW

Traffic Zone 533 The block bounded by Franklin and South Sts. SE, and Pine Ave. SE and South Park Ave. Warren Police Department parking lot – 132 parking spaces + 5 Handicapped 14 on‐street parking spaces on Franklin St. SE

The block bounded by Franklin St. SE, Pine Ave. SE, East Market St. and South Park Ave. South parking lot – 75 parking spaces Small southeast parking lot – 6 parking spaces Small west parking lot – 8 parking spaces Small northwest parking lot – 8 parking spaces North central parking lot – 33 parking spaces 12 on‐street parking spaces on South Park Ave. 10 on‐street parking spaces on Pine Ave. SE 8 on‐street parking spaces on East Market St.

Traffic Zone 534 The block bounded by East Market St. and High St. NE, and Pine Ave. NE and North Park Ave. Small east parking lot – 8 parking spaces First Place Bank rear parking lot ‐ 10 parking spaces + 2 Handicapped + 7 private (thru building) Central parking lot (commercial) ‐ 98 parking spaces North parking lot – 27 parking spaces + 4 Handicapped 6 diagonal parking spaces on High St. NE 14 on‐street parking spaces on North Park Ave.

Traffic Zone 535 The block bounded by Porter St. NE and High St., and Elm Rd. NE and Vine Ave. NE Southeast parking lot ‐ 20 parking spaces + 1 Handicapped Mocha House parking lot – 59 parking spaces + 2 Handicapped Building west of Mocha House parking – 12 parking spaces School parking lot – 46 parking spaces + 2 Handicapped Church rear parking lots – 50 parking spaces Other church parking lot – 10* parking spaces Small northeast parking lot – 10* parking spaces 4 on‐street parking spaces on High St. NE

The block bounded by Porter St. NE and High St., and Seneca Ave. NE and Vine Ave. NE Large church parking lot – 70 parking spaces + 5 Handicapped Central parking lot – 27 parking spaces East parking lot – 30* parking spaces 2 on‐street parking spaces on High St. NE 10 on‐street parking spaces on Seneca Ave. NE

The block bounded by Porter St. NE and High St., and Seneca Ave. NE and North Park Ave. Northwest parking lot – 55* parking spaces West central parking lot – 74 parking spaces Southwest bank parking – 27 parking spaces + 2 Handicapped South central bank parking lot – 47 parking spaces + 3 Handicapped East central parking lot – 63* parking spaces Post Office rear parking lot – 45* postal vehicle parking spaces 13 Diagonal parking spaces on High St. NE 3 on‐street parking spaces on Seneca Ave. NE 12 on‐street parking spaces on North Park Ave.

Traffic Zone 536 The block bounded by East Market St. and High St. NE, and Pine Ave. NE and Vine Ave. NE Small parking lot on Pine Ave. behind building – 10 parking spaces + 2 Handicapped Southwest parking lot – 115 parking spaces + 5 Handicapped Northwest parking lot – 60* parking spaces Central parking lot – 75 parking spaces + 2 Handicapped Northeast parking lot – 54 parking spaces + 3 Handicapped Small east parking lot – 14 parking spaces Eastern unimproved parking lot – 25* parking spaces (not in use) Small southeast building parking lot – 5 parking spaces 19 on‐street parking spaces on East Market St. 4 on‐street parking spaces on High St. NE

The block bounded by East Market St. and High St., and Vine Ave. NE and Elm Rd. NE Northwest parking lot – 12 parking spaces + 32* parking spaces North central parking lot – 32 parking spaces + 4 Handicapped Northeast central parking lot ‐ 13 parking spaces + 2 Handicapped Combined northeast parking lot – 25* parking spaces 3 unimproved parking lots south of Laurel Ct. – 60* parking spaces (not in use) 10 on‐street parking spaces on East Market St. 4 on‐street parking spaces on High St. NE

Traffic Zone 537 The block bounded by East Market St. and Franklin St. SE, and Vine Ave. SE and Elm Rd. SE Small southeast parking lot – 12* parking spaces Unimproved central parking lot – 25* parking spaces Small northeast parking lot – 12 parking spaces Small northwest parking lot – 16 parking spaces West church parking lot ‐ 35 parking spaces + 2 Handicapped 8 on‐street parking spaces on East Market St.

The block bounded by East Market St. and Franklin St. SE, and Vine Ave. SE and Pine Ave. SE Small west parking lot off Pine Ave. SE – 5* parking spaces Small southwest parking lot – 30* parking spaces Central parking lot – 93 parking spaces Southeast parking lot – 118 parking spaces + 4 Handicapped Small east parking lot ‐ 13 parking spaces + 2 Handicapped Unimproved northwest parking lot – 40* parking spaces 14 on‐street parking spaces on East Market St. 9 on‐street parking spaces on Pine Ave. SE

The block bounded by Franklin St. SE and South St., and Pine Ave. SE and Vine Ave. SE Main parking lot ‐ 187 parking spaces + 2 Handicapped (Tribune Chronicle + Salvation Army) 18 on‐street parking spaces on Franklin St. SE 4 on‐street parking spaces on Pine Ave. SE

The block bounded by Franklin St. SE and South St., and Vine Ave. SE and Elm Rd. SE Taco Belle restaurant parking lot – 30 parking spaces + 2 Handicapped Northwest parking lot – 58 parking spaces Small southwest parking lot – 30* parking spaces 7 on‐street parking spaces on Franklin St. SE

Traffic Zone 538 The block bounded by Franklin Court SE, Elm Road SE, East Market St. and Chestnut Ave. SE Northwest parking lot – 74 parking spaces + 4 Handicapped CVS Pharmacy parking lot – 55 parking spaces + 2 Handicapped Small northwest parking lot – 12 parking spaces North central parking lot – 18 parking spaces + 2 Handicapped + 50* parking spaces Chestnut Ave. business parking lot – 35* parking spaces 11 on‐street parking spaces on East Market St.

The block bounded by Franklin Court SE, Elm Road SE, South St. SE and Chestnut Ave. SE McDonalds parking lot – 76 parking spaces + 2 Handicapped Dollar General parking lot ‐ 47 parking spaces Southwest small car dealership – 20* parking spaces Small west parking lot – 20* parking spaces Small east parking lot – 12* parking spaces

Traffic Zone 539 The block bounded by High St. NE, Elm Rd. NE, Porter St. NE and Chestnut Ave. NE Small club parking lot (front, rear and side) – 42 parking spaces Northeast rear parking lot – 35* parking spaces Southwest parking lot – 25* parking spaces (not in use) South central parking lot – 10* parking spaces (not in use) 6 on‐street parking spaces on High St. NE

The block bounded by High St. NE, East Market St., Smith Pl. NE and Chestnut Ave. NE Coffee Cup Cafe parking lot – 25 parking spaces Market Square building parking (front and rear) – 40* parking spaces (not in use) Unimproved northwest parking area – 15 parking spaces Small car lot (south‐central) ‐ 18 parking spaces 7 on‐street parking spaces on East Market St. 6 on‐street parking spaces on High St. NE

The block bounded by High St. NE, East Market St., Smith Pl. NE and Elm Rd. NE Various rear parking areas north of Elm Ct. NE – 50* parking spaces Small parking lot on Elm Ct. NE – 10 parking spaces Small unimproved parking lot south of Elm Ct. NE – 20* parking spaces (not in use) Unimproved southeast parking lot – 30* parking spaces Southwest parking lot – 32 parking spaces (not in use) 7 on‐street parking spaces on East Market St. 2 on‐street parking spaces on High St. NE

Traffic Zone 540 The block bounded by High St. NW, Mahoning Ave. NW, Harmon Ave. NW and Monroe St. NW Northeast parking lot – 70 parking spaces Northwest central parking lot – 40 parking spaces + 2 Handicapped Northwest upper parking lot (unmarked) – 30* parking spaces Church parking lot – 118 parking spaces + 4 Handicapped Southeast parking lot – 75 parking spaces

Traffic Zone 549 Lower part of Perkins Park south of Warren City Hall Outer parking lot – 41 parking spaces Inner parking lot – 19 parking spaces + 2 Handicapped

Traffic Zone 601 The block bounded by West Market St. SW, South St. SW and the Mahoning River On South Street SW Reds Auto Glass parking lot – 30 parking spaces + 10* parking spaces in rear Unimproved small parking lot – 10* parking spaces Small central parking lot – 20 parking spaces On West Market St. SW Liquor Store parking lot – 14 parking spaces Small unmarked parking lot ‐ 12* parking spaces Marked central parking lot – 46 parking spaces (not in use) 4 combined unmarked parking lots – 180* parking spaces (not in use) Reeves Apartments parking lot – 34 parking spaces

The block bounded by West Market St. SW, Buckeye St. NW and the Mahoning River Starting from the east end of West Market St. SW Warren‐Trumbull Urban League parking lot – 78 parking spaces Adjacent parking lot – 32 metered parking spaces Parking around buildings – 10* parking spaces Central unmarked parking lot – 100* parking spaces (not in use) Small private parking lot (east) – 7 parking spaces + 1 Handicapped Small private parking lot (west) – 12 parking spaces Western unmarked parking lot – 50* parking spaces (not in use)

Traffic Zone 670 The block bounded by High St. NW, North Park Ave. NW, Harmon Ave. NW and Monroe St. NW 48 parking spaces in and around the Trumbull County Administrative and Jail buildings Small central west parking lot – 62 parking spaces Funeral home rear parking ‐ 34 parking spaces Church rear parking lot ‐ 72 parking spaces + 2 Handicapped South central parking lot – 106 parking spaces North central parking lot – 72 parking spaces Northwest parking lot – 80 parking spaces Small northeast parking lot – 18 parking spaces 24 on‐street parking spaces on Harmon Ave. NW 10 on‐street parking spaces on High St. NW

City of Warren Central Business District

Summary of parking for City of Warren Central Business District

TAZ Private Commercia Not in Use On‐Street Total 531 ‐ l ‐ 55 55 532 632 ‐ ‐ 36 993 533 268 325 ‐ 44 312 534 58 ‐ ‐ 20 176 535 660 98 ‐ 44 704 536 455 ‐ 85 37 577 537 718 ‐ ‐ 60 778 538 428 ‐ ‐ 11 439 539 225 ‐ 127 28 380 540 339 ‐ ‐ ‐ 339 549 62 ‐ ‐ ‐ 62 601 238 ‐ 376 ‐ 646 670 494 32 ‐ 34 528 4,577 ‐ 588 369 5,989 (76.4%) 455 (9.8%) (6.2%) (7.6%)

Data Summary of the Parking Study

The following section contains a series of tables giving a synopsis of the results of the 2010 Eastgate Parking Study, the associated basic demographics of the three regions being studied, and a comparison of the basic parking data with the results of the three previous studies. All four parking studies have different internal boundaries and different study regions, but the results will be shown adjusted so as to have the greatest amount of commonality possible between data sets.

When using the demographics care should be used in interpreting the data. One data point is for school enrollment, but since the data is only for students 18 years of age or younger it does not give any data for enrollment at Youngstown State University. The data for population is an interpolated estimate for 2006 based the 2000 US Census and population projections from the Ohio Department of Development. While the resulting data is probably mostly correct in general, when looking at specific sub‐sections the resulting data may not be as accurate. Every time a general result is parsed into smaller sets an additional level of error is added. Lastly the data for employment, derived from actual records of the Ohio Department of Jobs and Family Services, may be accurate, but the data can be misleading. Employment was often reported as all occurring where the paychecks were issued, not where the individuals were employed. For an example, see TAZ 25, which contains the Youngstown Board of Education. This shows a total employment of 5,096, as it has all teachers and other school employees shown as working at the Board of Education building, rather than their actual employment locations. Table 1 ‐ Youngstown Central Business District

Traffic Zone Parking Population Employment Enrollment TAZ 22 1,242 0 14 0 TAZ 8 367 0 392 0 TAZ 6 388 0 90 0 TAZ 11 41 0 22 0 TAZ 10 69 0 22 0 TAZ 7 933 0 148 0 TAZ 5 170 0 600 0 TAZ 12 83 0 220 0 TAZ 4 483 200 166 0 TAZ 13 424 0 68 0 TAZ 14 242 0 3,644 0 TAZ 1 245 0 262 0 TAZ 15 189 85 199 0 TAZ 16 120 0 1,636 0 TAZ 17 178 0 215 0 TAZ 21 152 0 0 0 TAZ 18 436 0 372 0 TAZ 19 390 0 940 0 TAZ 20 206 65 191 0

6,358 350 (2006) 9,201 (2005) 0 (2006)

Table 2 ‐ YSU Campus and Outlying zones

Traffic Zone Parking Population Employment Enrollment TAZ 100 1,965 254 2,289 0 TAZ 99 919 60 124 0 TAZ 102 713 748 198 1,181 TAZ 25 1,037 89 5,096 919 TAZ 27 1,049 480 100 0 TAZ 24 643 190 229 51 TAZ 23 530 10 92 0 TAZ 26 307 0 592 0 TAZ 156 2,980 100 164 0 TAZ 158 445 160 119 0

10,588 2,091 (2006) 9,194 (2005) 2,051 (2006)

Table 3 ‐ City of Warren Central Business District

Traffic Zone Parking Population Employment Enrollment TAZ 531 55 0 23 0 TAZ 532 993 0 87 0 TAZ 533 312 0 456 0 TAZ 534 176 127 193 0 TAZ 535 704 100 343 884 TAZ 536 577 85 124 0 TAZ 537 778 0 207 0 TAZ 538 439 45 90 0 TAZ 539 380 135 133 0 TAZ 540 339 30 545 0 TAZ 549 62 401 601 0 TAZ 601 646 115 156 0 TAZ 670 528 290 2,338 282 5,989 1,301 (2006) 5,296 (2005) 1,366

Table 4 ‐ Youngstown CBD ‐ Comparison with 1972 + 1982

Traffic Zone Parking ‐ 1972 Parking ‐ 1982 Parking ‐ 2010 TAZ 22 N/A 0 1,242 TAZ 8 371 0 347 TAZ 6 75 0 373 TAZ 11 150 230 41 TAZ 10 200 0 55 TAZ 7 1,000 920 910 TAZ 5 0 119 114 TAZ 12 100 200 78 TAZ 4 165 235 435 TAZ 13 630 248 424 TAZ 14 180 183 202 TAZ 1 30 500 225 TAZ 15 600 435 181 TAZ 16 50 0 97 TAZ 17 25 85 145 TAZ 21 152 200 152 TAZ 18 704 1,115 400 TAZ 19 0 155 355 TAZ 20 200 125 206

4,632 (1972) 4,750 (1982) 5,982 (2010)

The above table does not include on‐street parking in the totals. Table 5 ‐ YSU Campus ‐ Comparison between 1982 + 2010

Traffic Zone YSU Parking Other Parking YSU Parking Other Parking TAZ 100 1,985 0 1,808 103 TAZ 99 0 0 665 254 TAZ 102 0 0 485 205 TAZ 25 297 0 443 466 TAZ 27 0 60 533 516 TAZ 24 0 0 ‐ 615 TAZ 23 0 0 ‐ 512 TAZ 26 0 0 ‐ 295 TAZ 156 2,961 140 2,812 168 TAZ 158 0 0 ‐ 445

5,243 (1982) 200 (1982) 6,746 (2010) 3,579 (2010)

The above table does not include on‐street parking in the totals. The 1982 report did not include private lots.

Table 6 ‐ City of Warren CBD – 1987‐2010 Comparison

Traffic Zone Off‐street On‐street Off‐street On‐street TAZ 531 0 60 0 55 TAZ 532 674 42 958 (325) 36 TAZ 533 113 38 268 44 TAZ 534 182 (175) 23 156 (94) 20 TAZ 535 662 (80) 98 660 44 TAZ 536 338 59 540 37 TAZ 537 375 86 718 60 TAZ 538 62 16 428 11 TAZ 539 254 27 352 28 TAZ 540 244 0 339 0 TAZ 549 121 (78) 22 62 0 TAZ 601 83 56 646 (32) 0 TAZ 670 236 (50) 47 494 34 3,344 (1987) 574 (1987) 5,620 (2010) 369 (2010)

The figures in parenthesis are either free public parking or pay public parking. There were 383 such spaces in 1987 and 451 in 2010. The 1987 totals include most private parking lots, but do not include all private lots.

Summary

Not all data in these tables is directly comparable. The 1973, 1982 and 1987 reports did not all count the same parking lots, and as a result there is a good deal of inconsistency between the total parking figures. In the current report all parking, whether private, commercial, dedicated or even un‐used, is counted. The only exception is for driveways for individual homes and small businesses, which are not counted. In this report we count all parking because parking lots that are dedicated to a specific business or entity affect other parking. Students at YSU who park in their dedicated lots do not park in public lots. Workers at an office with dedicated parking do not park at other locations.

The older reports do not count many private dedicated parking lots. In the 1973 report this was partly accounted for by the fact that many such lots did not yet exist. As of 1973 many businesses and other organizations still relied on their employees using mass transit to get to work and did not have large private parking lots as a result. The number of private parking lots expanded as the use of mass transit declined, and as a result nearly 50% of the parking in the Youngstown CBD is now private.

It should also be noted that many of the structures listed in the older reports are not truly public parking lots. Some entities, such as department stores, operated parking lots and parking decks. These, although open to the public, were privately owned and intended for the use of the patrons of the owners, much like private lots are today. Appendix A

Places of Interest in the Youngstown and Warren CBD’s and the YSU Campus

Restaurants/Eateries in and around the Youngstown CBD

Buffalo Wild Wings Old Precinct 50 E. Federal St., Youngstown OH 32 N. Phelps St., Youngstown, OH (330) 744-2999 (330) 743-9699

Café Cimmento The Lemon Grove 120 E. Boardman St., Youngstown OH 122 W. Federal St., Youngstown, OH (330) 740-0166 (330) 744-7683

Charlie Staples Bar-B-Q Jorgine's Deli & Catering 372 W. Rayen Ave., Youngstown OH 17 N. Champion St., Youngstown, OH (330) 743-7427 (330) 743-0920

Touch The Moon Candy Saloon 20 Federal Place Food Court 8 S. Phelps St., Youngstown, OH Franco’s Pizza Joe’s Rosetta Stone Café Santa Fe Southwest Restaurant 110 W. Federal St., Youngstown OH (330) 480-0884 Cedars Cafe 131 W. Commerce St., Youngstown, OH Tomasino’s Pizza (330) 743-6560 103 W. Federal St., Youngstown OH (330) 740-0001 The Youngstown Club 201 E. Commerce St., Youngstown OH Winslow Café (330) 744-2177 24 Wick Ave., Youngstown OH (330) 746-8600 End of the Tunnel 100 E. Federal St., Youngstown OH Overture (330) 480-9224 260 W. Federal St., Youngstown, OH (330) 744-9900

Clubs in and around the Youngstown CBD

Barley’s 21 West Federal St.

Draught House Love Lounge Downtown 36 all on West Federal

Restaurants/Eateries in and around Youngstown State University

Belleria Pizza & Italian Restaurant: East Subway Sandwiches 789 Wick Ave., Youngstown, OH 210 W. Rayen Ave., Youngstown, OH (330) 744-4085 (330) 746-3924

Cassese MVR Mighty Moe's Sports Restaurant 410 N. Walnut St., Youngstown, OH 315 Elm St., Youngstown, OH (330) 746-7067 (330) 742-9292

Mc Donald's University Pizzeria & Italian 570 5th Ave., Youngstown, OH 133 Lincoln Ave., Youngstown, OH (330) 743-6112 (330) 743-9244

Elmton Inc. Carry-Out Store Inner Circle Pizza - YSU 584 5th Ave., Youngstown, OH 318 Elm St., Youngstown, OH (330) 755-8511 (330) 744-5448

Taco Bell Coyoacan Two 420 5th Ave., Youngstown, OH 137 Lincoln Ave., Youngstown, OH (330) 746-4060 (330) 744-2444

Garland's Bar-B-Que Winslow Cafe by Antone's 520 Belmont Ave., Youngstown, OH 524 Wick Ave., Youngstown, OH (330) 746-9461 (330) 747-3270

Arby's Beat Coffee House 1 University Plaza, Youngstown, OH 215 Lincoln Ave., Youngstown, OH (330) 747-7001 (330) 743-4227

Restaurants/Eateries in the Warren CBD

Saratoga Restaurant & Catering Subway 129 E. Market St., Warren, OH 231 Main Ave. SW, Warren, OH (330) 393-6646 (330) 394-7827

The Blue Iris Cafe Piazza Italia 176 N. Park Ave., Warren, OH 187 W. Market St., Warren, OH (330) 372-4747? (330) 847-7777

Mocha House Blue Magoo's Tap & Grill 467 High Street Northeast, Warren, OH 480 E. Market St, Warren, OH (330) 392-3020 (330) 469-5406?

Sunrise Inn Taco Bell 510 E Market St, Warren, OH 473 South St. SE, Warren, OH (330) 392-5176 (330) 394-0060

Burger King Mc Donald's 161 Main Ave. SE, Warren, OH 595 South St. SE, Warren, OH (330) 399-2545 (330) 392-9600

Places of Interest around Youngstown State University

1. Arms Family Museum of Local History 24. E.J. Salata Facilities Complex & Arms Carriage House 25. Fedor Hall 2. Planetarium (Ward Beecher Hall -YSU) 26. Jones Hall 3. Smith Mineral Museum (Moser Hall-YSU) 27. Kilcawley Center 4. Public Library of Youngstown 28. Kilcawley House 5. Masonic Temple 29. Lyden House 6. Bliss Hall-YSU 30. Maag Library 7. Beecher Center for Technology in the Arts 31. McDonough Museum of Art 8. Butler Institute of American Art 32. Melnick Hall 9. Butler Institute – North Annex 33. Meshel Hall 10. Museum of Industry and Labor 34. Moser Hall 11. New Beginnings Outreach Ministries 35. Peck-Schoff House 12. Newman Center 36. Phelps Building 13. 9/11 Memorial 37. Smith Hall 14. Andrews Student Recreation 38. Stambaugh Stadium and Wellness Center 39. Sweeney Hall 15. Beeghly Center 40. Tod Hall 16. Beeghly Hall 41. University Courtyard Apartments 17. Buechner Hall 42. Weller House 18. Cafaro House 43. Westinghouse Building 19. Christman Dining Commons 44. Wick House 20. Clingan-Waddell (YSU Police) 45. Wick-Pollock Inn 21. Coffelt Hall 46. Williamson Hall 22. Cushwa Hall 47. Williamson School of Business 23. DeBartolo Hall

Places of Interest around Downtown Youngstown

1. 20 Federal Place (former PharMor Center) 2. United States District Court - Northern District of Ohio 3. Powers Auditorium - home of the DeYor Performing Arts Center The DeYor Performing Arts Center includes; the Adler Art Academy the Beecher Flad Pavilion & the Ford Family Recital Hall 4. Pig Iron Press Publishing Company 5. Davis Building 6. Oakland Center for the Arts 7. First Educators Investment Corp. 8. Mahoning Valley Historic Society Center (Burt Building) 9. Covelli Centre 10. Nathaniel R. Jones Federal Courthouse 11. Voinovich Government Center 12. The Gloria & Roger Jones Children’s Center for Science & Technology (opening Fall 2010) 13. Youngstown Historical Center of Industry and Labor 14. 7th District Court of Appeals 15. Mahoning County Children Services Building 16. Social Security Administration Building 17. Y.M.C.A. 18. Realty Building - Condominiums Churches around the Youngstown CBD and YSU Campus

St. John's Episcopal Church Butler Memorial Presbyterian Church 323 Wick Ave., Youngstown, OH 126 E. Rayen Ave., Youngstown, OH (330) 743-3175 (330) 743-0121

First Presbyterian Church Oak Baptist Church 201 Wick Ave., Youngstown, OH 320 Elk St., Youngstown, OH (330) 744-4307 (330) 747-1672

Our Lady of Mt. Carmel Church Protestant Campus Ministry 343 Via Mount Carmel Ave., Youngstown, OH 562 Wick Ave., Youngstown, OH (330) 743-4144 (330) 743-0439

Protestant Campus Ministry New Zion Gospel Deliverance Church 562 Wick Avenue, Youngstown, OH 624 Oak St., Youngstown, OH (330) 743-0439 (330) 747-3606

Holy Trinity Romanian Orthodox Church First Calvary Baptist Church 626 Wick Ave., Youngstown, OH 126 E. Wood St., Youngstown, OH (330) 746-5397 (330) 747-5747

St. Columba Cathedral Pilgrim Collegiate Church 159 W. Rayen Ave., Youngstown, OH Pilgrim Collegiate Church, Youngstown, Ohio 44503 (330) 744-5233 St. Andrews African Methodist Episcopal Church St. Cyril & Methodius Church St. Andrews African Methodist Episcopal Church, 252 E. Wood St., Youngstown, OH Youngstown, Ohio 44503 (330) 743-5291 Diocese of Youngtown First Christian Church 144 W. Wood St., Youngstown, OH First Christian Church, Youngstown, Ohio 44502 (330) 744-8451 (330) 746-7645 Immaculate Conception Church St Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church 811 Oak St., Youngstown, OH 220 N. Walnut St., Youngstown, OH (330) 747-3533 (330) 743-5493 St. John's Episcopal Church 323 Wick Ave., Youngstown, OH (330) 743-3175

Churches in the Warren CBD

St. Demetrios Hellenic Orthodox Church First United Methodist Church 429 High St. NE, Warren, OH 309 N. Park Ave., Warren, OH (330) 394-9021 (330) 392-6276

St. Mary's Church Hall St. Marys Catholic Church 232 Seneca Ave. NE, Warren, OH St. Marys Catholic Church, Warren, Ohio 44483 (330) 399-4530 St. Nicholas Russian Orthodox Church Eastside Church of God St. Nicholas Russian Orthodox Church, Warren, Ohio 137 Vine Ave. SE, Warren, OH 44483? (330) 394-5775 Roman Orthodox Church First United Church of Christ Roman Orthodox Church, Warren, Ohio 44483 280 East Market St., Warren, OH (330) 394-4741 New Creation Baptist Church 403 Atlantic St. NE, Warren, OH Fresh Manna International Ministries (330) 393-7200 367 High St. NE, Warren, OH (330) 392-1891

Appendix B

Parking Costs by Traffic Zone, Lot Name and Parking Spaces

Youngstown CBD TAZ Parking lot name # of spaces Monthly Fee Daily Fee Other 22 Front St. parking lot 349 $25.00 $2.00 10 Jaminet parking lot 28 $28.00 n/a 7 USA Parking Deck 910 $45.00 $4.25 $70.00 (reserved-lower) 4 Stambaugh Parking Deck 250 $45.00 n/a $70.00 (reserved-1st level) $60.00 (reserved-2nd level) Stambaugh parking lot 70 $52.00 $4.50 $68.00 (reserved) Ampco parking lot 19 $40.00 n/a 14 A-1 Parking Deck 202 $45.00 n/a $35.00 (upper floor) 13 Ampco parking lot #1 41 $40.00 $2.50 Ampco parking lot #2 276 $22.00 $2.00 1 Ampco parking lot 60 $60.00 $10.00 $2.00 (nights/weekends) $1.00 (20 minutes) 17 Ampco parking lot 67 $40.00 $2.00 Erie Bldg. Parking lot 78 $40.00 n/a 21 Ampco parking lot 152 $22.00 $2.00 18 Ampco parking lot 20 $30.00 $2.00 19 Ampco parking lot #1 30 $50.00 $2.50 State Theatre parking lot 29 $50.00 n/a Ampco parking lot #2 89 $40.00 $2.00 Ampco parking lot #3 65 $35.00 n/a Masters parking lot 42 $45.00 n/a 20 Ralph’s parking lot 64 $40.00 $2.00 Ampco parking lot 50 $40.00 $2.00

YSU and outlying TAZ’s TAZ Parking lot name # of spaces Monthly Fee Daily Fee Other 27 Ampco parking lot 50 $15.00 $0.75 24 Ampco parking lot 80 $10.00 $1.00

Warren CBD TAZ Parking lot name # of spaces Monthly Fee Daily Fee Other 532 Franklin St. Parking Deck 325 $30.00 $2.00 534 Comfort Inn parking lot 98 $35.00 $2.00 Acknowledgements

Demographic data for the report came from the U.S. Department of the Census. This data was modified using population projections from the Ohio Department of Development.

Information on employment by traffic zone for the three areas described in this report was provided by the Ohio Department of Jobs and Family Services.

Information on parking at Youngstown State University was provided by Youngstown State University.

Information on the history and demographics of Youngstown and Warren was provided by Wikipedia, which also provided the photographs in the description of Youngstown.

Photographs of Warren City Hall and the Trumbull County Courthouse were provided by City of Warren website.

Youngstown State University and Wikipedia both provided information needed to write the description of YSU. Youngstown State University provided the regulations governing parking at the university. The YSU Maag Library provided the photographs of the buildings at the university.

The aerial photographs used to illustrate the traffic zones in the Youngstown CBD and the YSU campus and outlying areas were provided by Eastgate.

The aerial photographs used on the Report Cover and to illustrate the traffic zones for the City of Warren CBD were provided by Bing Maps© ( a division of Microsoft©).