Index

Acer group, 78, 104 109–111, 121, 129, 130, 135–156, Apertura policy, 47, 49 166, 170–172, 178–183 Apparel industry, 37, 45, 54, 55 Credit markets, 14, 40, 46, 47, 51, Appliance industry, 72, 136 53, 57–59, 106, 108, 113, 123, Assembly, 45, 50, 54, 64, 65, 73, 101, 153–156, 180 109, 133, 135, 162, 166 Audio-visual industry, 72, 126, 129 Debt Auto and auto-parts industries, 24, domestic, 40, 58, 59, 123 34, 39, 50, 54, 55, 60, 72, 136, foreign, 46–53, 123, 125, 155, 156 182, 183 Defi cit, 46–49, 123 Dell Computer, 81, 114, 172 Biotech industry, 119 Demonstration effect, 21, 36, 51, 60, Burroughs, 128, 141, 145 172, 175 Development theory, 183–185 CADELEC, 131, 132, 150, 154, 180 CAFOD, 170, 175, 191 Economic development, 13, 14, 20, CANIETI, 131, 154, 175, 176 24, 25, 36, 37, 40–45, 48–64, 78, Carcinogens, 90, 91, 116 79, 100, 110, 118, 131, 134–140, Cathode-ray tubes, 92, 93 180–191 Chemical hazards, 89–95, 115–117, Education, 39–41, 51, 60, 101, 162, 163, 171 105–110, 113, 114, 118, 119, 131, Chemical industry, 35, 47, 57, 69 146–155, 179, 181, 187 Circuit boards, 49, 90, 92, 129, 130, Electrónica Pantera, 128, 141, 149, 162 144–146 Collaboration, 20, 29, 36, 37, 40, 60, Electronics industry, 23, 24, 39, 49, 118 54, 55, 72–81, 84–87, 94–119, 122, Components industry, 72, 74, 77–79, 126–133, 139–160, 172, 188–191 90, 91, 111, 144–146 e-Mexico program, 152 Computers, 72, 81–89, 92, 93, Energy technologies, 32, 41, 89, 93, 95 102–104, 108, 111, 113, 114, 122, Entrepreneurs, 46–52, 99, 125, 126, 125, 128–131, 141, 149 144–149, 156 Contract manufacturers, 72, Environmental initiatives, voluntary, 75–77, 81–84, 89, 95, 96, 100–104, 68, 69, 94, 96 212 Index

Environmental management, 14, Infl ation, 46–48, 56–59 18, 28–35, 40–42, 63–69, 88–97, Innovation, 17, 19, 27–29, 53, 61, 62, 115–119, 159–180, 185, 188 72–75, 78–80, 100, 102, 110, 114, Equipment industries, 39, 49, 50, 54, 154, 187 55 Institutionalism, 105–108, 111, 118, Exchange rate, 13, 43–48, 52, 55–59, 122, 124, 154 106, 125, 156, 156, 180 Intel, 15, 19, 83, 93, 94, 129, 148, Exports, 41, 56, 57, 61, 63–67, 149 100–104, 109, 110, 113–115, 119, Intellectual property, 30, 36, 50, 51, 122–126, 131–133, 156, 156 99, 189 Interest rates, 26, 43, 46, 56–59, 113, Flextronics, 76, 95, 101, 129, 136, 123, 136, 139, 156, 156, 180 141, 143, 171, 172, 175 International Monetary Fund, 47, 49, Food and beverage industries, 57, 62 52 Foreign direct investment, 13–19, ISO certifi cation, 143, 163, 164, 28, 40–57, 99–115, 119, 121–136, 168–173, 179 139–144, 152–156, 166, 177, 178, 182–191 Jabil Circuit, 76, 129, 135, 136, 141, Fox, Vicente, 52, 53, 126, 151, 152 143, 171, 175 Free-market ideology, 13, 27, 35–37, Jalisco, 126–141, 148, 154–172, 177 40, 125, 126, 180, 187 Joint ventures, 104, 111–115, 141, Furniture industry, 60, 65 145, 154, 179

General Motors, 60, 69, 136 Knowledge, 14, 19–26, 30, 35–38, 41, Global production network, 72–83, 50–53, 59, 61, 75, 80, 81, 99–102, 88, 100, 101, 109, 112, 129, 130, 140–142, 178–181, 186–190 134, 140–152, 166–170, 180–183 Greenfi elds, 14, 29, 43, 54 Labor unions, 48–51, 77, 131, 175, Greenhouse gases, 94, 96, 166–170 177 Guadalajara, 124, 125, 128–177, 182 Lead, exposure to, 91, 92, 95, 115–117, 160, 162, 170, 171, 176, Hewlett-Packard, 69, 72, 83, 84, 93, 179 111–114, 123, 129, 135, 141, 144, Leapfrogging, 28, 35, 36, 102, 105, 163, 168–172, 179 110, 173 Human capital, 21, 101, 102, Liability, environmental, 31, 32 146–150, 181 Liberalization “big bang,” 122–128 IBM, 69–75, 81–83, 90, 111, 114, as economic policy, 41, 78, 185 122–125, 128, 129, 135, 141–144, and global production, 78, 80, 140 148, 151, 163, 169, 172, 173, 179, 181 of Mexico’s policies, 43, 44, 48, 49, Imports, 16, 17, 44–48, 55–57, 61, 121, 122, 125, 178, 179 103–106, 131, 143, 144, 156, 185 of trade and investment rules, 17, 18, Import-substituting industrialization, 47–51, 106, 134 44–48, 105, 122, 123, 129, 177 Licensing, 44, 49, 106, 152 Industrial parks, 108, 112, 113, 116, Lucent Technologies, 129, 134, 135, 131 168, 169, 173, 179 Index 213

Machinery industries, 39, 49, 50, 54, Occupational health and hazards, 55 115–117, 160–164, 170–176 Management practices, 14, 19, 30, 34, Oligopolies, 25, 74, 75, 79, 80, 119 36, 75, 77, 83, 109 Organization for Economic Maquiladora industrialization, 26, 45, Cooperation and Development, 28, 63–65, 162, 182 29, 44, 52, 57, 65, 115, 168 Market access and seeking, 16–18, 25, Outsourcing and offshoring, 36, 37, 39, 74, 75, 84, 102–104, 112, 122, 60, 61, 72–77, 81–85, 102, 109, 123, 136–141 129, 141, 142, 156, 181, 191 Mentoring, environmental, 172, 173 Ownership exemption rule, 124, 125 Mergers and acquisitions, 14, 27, 41, 54, 83 Paris Club, 47, 52 Mexico City, 123, 126 Patent applications, 62, 114 Microchips, 89, 90, 93, 94, 123 Peripherals, 72, 92, 93, 102–104, Microsoft, 83, 152 111–114, 122, 123, 129, 130, 136, Microtron, 128, 141 144, 145 Mining industry, 28–32, 37, 54, 55 Personal computers, 72, 73, 81–87, Motorola, 69, 117, 128, 135, 163, 93, 94, 99, 104, 108, 111–114, 173 122–131, 141, 150, 151 Multinational corporations Peso, valuation of, 46, 47, 52, 55–59, backward linkages of, 139–148 155, 156, 180 benefi t limitations of, 102, 182, 188, Petroleum industry, 31, 32, 39, 40, 189 45–47, 74, 132 environmental practices of, 18, Philippines, 115, 166 28–33, 65–69, 96, 97, 164–174 Photolithography, 89, 90 and FDI, 14–28 PITEX program, 131, 156, 160, 180 forward linkages of, 150–152 Pollution in late-industrializing countries, 99, air, 64–67, 94, 96, 115–117, 160, 102, 104, 116–119 166–170 Mexico and, 57, 128–131, 178–183 water, 92, 94, 115–117, 160 partnerships with, 23–27, 41, 104, “Pollution haven” hypothesis, 18, 28, 154, 181 65, 66, 67, 164–166 policy lessons for, 185–191 Portfolio investment, 14, 27 proactive utilization of, 38–41, 48, Prices, 17, 49–51, 58, 78–83, 116 49, 118, 131, 152, 182, 188 Printers, 49, 72, 136 Procurement, 122, 125, 128, 173 Natural gas industry, 24, 34, 41 Product development, 17, 19, NEC, 129, 135 27–29, 53, 72–75, 78–80, 109, 110, Neoclassical economic theory, 183, 185 147–150 Neoliberalism, 47, 49, 51, 102, 141 Product differentiation, 78, 81, 119 Non-governmental organizations, 94, Production networks 116, 170, 174–176, 179, 191 global, 72–83 North American Free Trade local, 77, 78 Agreement, 43, 48–53, 67, 71, 114, national, 45–48, 160 115, 125, 130–133, 148, 160, 162, Property rights, 15, 184 179, 181, 189–191 Protectionism, 27, 30, 36, 45 214 Index

Quotas, 44, 49, 50 Subcontracting, 60, 106 Subsidiaries, 20, 37, 103 Radios, 72, 122 Suppliers, local, 121–126, 131–141, Recycling, 93–97, 161 140–150, 166, 170–173 Regulations, environmental, 30, Supply chains, 19, 35, 37, 84, 77, 81, 40–42, 67, 68, 88, 94–97, 116–119, 102–105, 111, 113, 125, 136, 172, 159–164, 173, 174, 179, 180, 188 173, 188 Rents, 16, 22, 99 Sustainable development, 13–42, Research and development, 19, 20, 48, 49, 53–71, 93–119, 156– 159, 29, 36, 37, 40, 61, 61, 74, 75, 79, 172–191 80, 84, 103–108, 111, 113, 115, 118, 119, 122, 125, 131, 135, 140, Tariffs, 16, 17, 44–50, 106, 125, 130, 143, 144, 152, 154, 181 131, 134, 156, 157 Responsible Care program, 35, 170 Tax breaks, 19, 112, 131, 189 Risk management, 14, 15, 28, 30, 31, Technical support services, 109, 135 77, 81, 83 Technology centers, 108, 136, 151 Teratogens, 90, 170 Safety standards, 88, 96, 97, 162, Textile industry, 45, 55 164, 172, 173, 188 Toxicology, 89–91, 170 Science and technology institutions, Trade agreements and policies, 17, 40, 105–108, 111, 119, 122, 124, 154 44–52, 112–117, 156, 157, 179, SCI-Sanmina, 76, 129, 135, 141, 143, 183–191 161–164, 175 Trans-national corporations, 57, 58, Semiconductors, 90, 93, 94, 105, 124, 64, 71, 76 125, 136, 148, 149 Transport industry, 45, 72, 78, 79, 89, Service sector, 16, 17, 76, 77 130–133, 139, 143, 154 “Silicon Valley South,” 128–152, Turnkey services, 79, 80 177–183 Skill acquisition, 37–41, 60, 101, 102, Unisys, 141, 143, 145 114, 115, 118, 131, 133, 146, 147, United Nations, 100–102, 132, 166 151, 178, 179, 189–191 Universities, 106, 108, 113, 144, 148, Small and medium-size enterprises, 154 52, 113, 154–156 Social peace, 19, 184 Value added, 13, 14, 22, 100, 110, Social responsibility, 28, 37, 68, 69, 122, 123, 132 96, 163, 191 Value chain, 72–74, 78–81, 100, 109, Software, 72, 108, 147–152, 179 110, 119, 140–150 Solectron, 76, 83, 129, 136, 141, 143, 170, 171, 175 Wal-Mart, 27, 69 Solvents, 89–91, 170, 171, 179 Wang, 123, 128, 141 Specialization, 76–78, 86 Washington Consensus, 183, 187 Speed to market, 130–133, 137 Wastes, 63–65, 88–97, 115–119, Spin-off fi rms, 128–130, 146–150 160–174, 179, 180 State-owned enterprises, 45, 51, 108, World Bank, 32, 49, 165, 173 113, 114 World Trade Organization, 40, 43, Steel industry, 33, 64–67, 88 44, 51, 53, 56, 114–117, 134, 182, Stock market, 17, 83, 109, 134, 182 187–191