North American Bat Monitoring Program Alberta 2017 Final Report

North American Bat Monitoring Program

Alberta 2017 Final Report

Prepared by: Joanna M. Burgar, PhD Environmental Studies, University of Victoria Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia [email protected]

Prepared for: Alberta Environment and Parks Fish & Wildlife Policy #203, 111-54th St. Edson, Alberta T7E 1T2

Suggested Citation: Burgar, J.M. 2018. North American Bat Monitoring Program, Alberta 2017. Alberta Environment and Parks, Government of Alberta, Canada.

Cover Illustration: Differentiating Myotis spp. at Cadomin Cave © Joanna Burgar

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Executive Summary Bats across North America are facing unprecedented decline from existing and emerging threats, including habitat loss, climate change, wind energy developments and the fungal disease white-nose syndrome (WNS). In 2014 the province initiated a pilot project to expand the North American Bat Monitoring Program (NABat) into Alberta as a means of monitoring bat populations to better understand provincial bat distributions and abundances. In 2017 15 acoustic surveys were conducted at 12 sites in Alberta: 12 passive and three mobile surveys. An automated bat call identification model, developed in 2015, was used to objectively and efficiently classify the thousands of bat call sequences recorded to species.

Equipment malfunctions occurred at five sites in 2017; no detections were recovered from UAR 96710 (Edson1), UAR 95946 (Edson2), LAR 135722 (Fort Chipewyan), LAR 119699 (Oil Sands) or PR 112796 (Wabasca). For the seven sites with detections, 4947 bat call sequences were recorded during the passive surveys in 2017 and 51 bat call sequences were recorded during the mobile surveys. On average, 707 bat call sequences were recorded at each site (± 229 SE; range 169-1219) and bats were recorded for an average of 7.1 nights (±1.2 SE; range 5-11) per site. One-quarter of call sequences were not classified to bat species/species group. Of those call sequences classified to bat species/species group, nearly half were classified as Myotis lucifugus (44%), over twice as many calls as the next closest grouping (species group Eptesicus fuscus-Lasionycteris noctivagans at 17%). The majority of the M. lucifugus detections occurred in the South Saskatchewan Region (SSR Camps and OneFour sites), Jasper National Park, and Wood Buffalo National Park. Lasiurus cinereus comprised 13% of all bat calls, predominantly detected in the South Saskatchewan Region and Jasper National Park.

These findings have serious implications for the conservation and maintenance of Alberta’s bat populations with the increasing and emerging threats of wind energy development and WNS. Acoustic surveys for NABat’s requisite five years at all sites are recommended, as is the addition of new sites throughout the province. If survey resources are limited, sites should be preferentially selected in the Canadian Rockies and surrounding areas, as well as areas being considered for wind energy development. Continued searching for winter hibernaculum and maternity colonies of species susceptible to WNS should also be a priority.

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Table of Contents Executive Summary ...... 1 Introduction ...... 1 Methods ...... 5 Study Design & Survey Methods ...... 5 Bat Call Analysis ...... 8 Results ...... 10 Discussion...... 20 Acknowledgements ...... 21 Literature Cited ...... 22 Appendix A – Grid 97466 Survey Results ...... 23 Appendix B – Grid 52371 Survey Results ...... 27 Appendix C – Grid 52372 Survey Results ...... 31 Appendix D – Grid 53137 Survey Results ...... 35 Appendix E – Grid 92108 Survey Results ...... 39 Appendix F – Grid 143416 Survey Results ...... 44 Appendix G – Grid 56171 Survey Results ...... 49

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Introduction Bats across North America are facing unprecedented decline from continued and emerging threats, including habitat loss, climate change, wind energy development, and the fungal disease white-nose syndrome (WNS). Nine bat species occur in Alberta (Table 1), with at least one additional species also suspected of occurring: Myotis californicus likely occurs along the Rocky Mountains as this species has been observed across the border in south-western British Columbia and has been detected acoustically in Waterton Lakes National Park (Cori Lausen, pers comm; Burgar 2017a). The distribution of M. volans is poorly documented with possible misidentifications across the province and potentially only occurs in the Rocky Mountain and Grassland natural subregions (Cory Olson, pers comms).

At least five of Alberta’s nine bat species may experience population declines due to increasing wind energy developments and WNS. In Canada the majority of bat fatalities at wind energy facilities occur in agricultural regions of southwestern Alberta; ground searches around facilities across North America identified nearly 75% of fatalities as three species that occur in Alberta (Lasiurus borealis, L. cinereus, and Lasionycteris noctivagans; Kunz et al. 2007). Modelling suggests that L. cinereus populations could decline by as much as 90% across North American over the next five decades (Frick et al. 2017).

In anticipation of the impact of WNS on Canadian bat populations Environment Canada emergency listed three bat species, including two occurring in Alberta (Myotis lucifugus and M. septentrionalis), as Endangered on Schedule 1 of the federal Species at Risk Act in November 2014 (Environment Canada 2015). As of October 2017 WNS has not yet been detected in Alberta or its neighbouring provinces/states (Figure 1). However, southern British Columbia and sites east of Lake Manitoba now fall into the 250 km WNS setback buffer and it is probable that WNS exists at the farther boundaries within the setback. Possible and realized declines attributed to emerging threats create an urgent need to document bat populations and their responses to these threats across North America. In 2017 the Government of Alberta was involved in a bat bioenergetics study at Cadomin Cave, part of a larger study being led by the Wildlife Conservation Society and the University of Winnipeg. The study is measuring metabolic rates of M. lucifugus at sites south to north across its range to determine if M. lucifugus populations in more northern climates will be as susceptible to WNS as populations in the southern portion of its range.

In 2014 the province of Alberta began a pilot project to expand the North American Bat Monitoring Program (NABat) into Alberta to better understand provincial bat distributions and indices of abundance at multiple scales. NABat’s purpose is to create a continent-wide program to monitor bats at local to rangewide scales (Loeb et al. 2015). The target populations of NABat are the summer populations of North American bat species with geographic ranges in Canada, the United States, and Mexico, winter hibernaculum and summer maternity colonies (Loeb et al. 2015). Since 2015 Alberta has conducted NABat monitoring through acoustic surveys (mobile and passive) at multiple locations across the province, including within three national parks. Alberta has been conducting annual monitoring at the

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Environment and Parks largest known winter hibernaculum for decades and will continue to do so. Future monitoring efforts aim to include maternity colony counts as well. Other efforts have focused on finding new hibernaculum, like the discovery of the largest hibernaculum outside of the Rocky Mountains in March, 2017 - hundreds of M. lucifugus were reported to be roosting in this northern boreal cave (Bell, 2017).

For consistent bat species identification across sites, an Alberta based bat call automation model was developed (Burgar 2017b) and used to analyze the 2017 acoustic survey data. As Myotis species can be difficult to distinguish acoustically, Figure 2 provides general distribution maps for the four confirmed Myotis species without province wide distributions, to aid identification of Myotis calls based on geography.

Figure 1. Map showing extent and spread of white-nose syndrome (WNS) as of October 2017.

This report summarizes the findings of the NABat surveys conducted and submitted to Alberta Environment and Parks in 2017 - although 12 sites were surveyed this year equipment malfunctioned at five sites leaving only seven sites with acoustic survey data. The methods provide details on the study design and a brief overview of the bat call analysis. The results provide overall findings for each survey

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Environment and Parks as well as figures depicting mean nightly bat activity per passive survey site. The discussion touches on analysis limitations and future improvements, as well as implications of the findings in the context of wind energy development and WNS. Appendices A through G provide comprehensive site specific survey details (site map, datasheet, and recorded bat call sequences per detector/night/site).

Table 1. Bat species known, and likely, to occur in Alberta.

Common name - NABat Scientific name Code Distribution Likely Occurs Big brown bat Eptesicus fuscus EPFU Province-wide Eastern red bat Lasiurus borealis LABO Province-wide Hoary bat Lasiurus cinereus LACI Province-wide Silver-haired bat Lasionycteris noctivagans LANO Province-wide California myotis Myotis californicus MYCA Unconfirmed Mountains Western small-footed myotis Myotis ciliolabrum MYCI South Long-eared myotis Myotis evotis MYEV South Little brown bat Myotis lucifigus MYLU Province-wide Northern myotis Myotis septentrionalis MYSE North Long-legged myotis Myotis volans MYVO Unclear Mountains & Grasslands

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Figure 2. General distribution maps for four Myotis species that occur in parts of Alberta, M. lucifugus occurs province-wide and M. californicus is thought to occur along the Rocky Mountains. See Table 1 for bat label descriptions.

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Methods

Study Design & Survey Methods Four regions (Upper Athabasca, Peace, Lower Athabasca, and South Saskatchewan) and three National Parks (Jasper, Waterton Lakes, and Wood Buffalo) contributed monitoring data to NABat in 2017. Due to equipment malfunctions, sites submitting data to NABat in 2017 were grid cells: 97466 (Switzer, Upper Athabasca Region); 52371, 52372, 53137 (Lost River, SSR Camps, and OneFour, respectively, in South Saskatchewan Region); 92108 (Jasper National Park); 143416 (Waterton Lakes National Park); and 56171 (Wood Buffalo National Park). In the 2015 and 2016 NABat reports (Burgar 2017a, 2017b) data recorded at the SSR Camps site were erroneously included as being in the same grid cell as OneFour. This year the data from the two sites was separated. All sites conducted acoustic surveys at stationary points (passive surveys); mobile acoustic surveys (mobile surveys) were conducted in the three National Parks, along transects. NABat uses a probability-based sampling design to ensure valid statistical inference of bat population trends over the continent (Loeb et al. 2015). To do so NABat adopted a grid-based finite-area sampling frame with 10 km by 10 km (100 km2) grid cell sample units. All 100 km2 cells were assigned a spatially balanced and randomized ordering using the generalized random-tessellation stratified (GRTS) survey design algorithm. The benefit of the GRTS design is its flexibility and robustness to adding/dropping survey sites as resources and logistical conditions change over time. Alberta comprises 6422 full grid cells and 437 partial cells (Figure 1); the 2017 NABat surveys successfully sampled seven of these grid cells (Figure 3). Each full grid cell sampling unit is further broken down into four quadrants.

Passive surveys consisted of deploying two to four detectors within each grid cell, preferably in one in each quadrant. NABat recommends conducting passive surveys over multiple consecutive days, with a four night minimum, prior to the emergence of volant young. Mobile surveys consisted of mounting detectors on moving vehicles and driving transects within the cell. NABat recommends driving each (25- 48 km) transect at least twice in one week and, where applicable, conducting both the passive and mobile surveys during the same week. To optimize trend detection NABat recommends conducting acoustic surveys of the same grid cells annually, for a minimum of five years. See Loeb et al. (2015) for comprehensive details on the NABat sampling design and survey protocols and Appendices A-G for survey details specific to each site.

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Figure 3. NABat sampling grid across Alberta; each grid is 10 km by 10 km.

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Figure 4: Surveys were conducted at 12 NABat sampling grids in Alberta in 2017; equipment malfunctions at five sites meant no data was collected from Edson1, Edson2, Fort Chipewyan, Oil Sands or Wabasca.

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Bat Call Analysis For the passive surveys, sites were surveyed using either full spectrum (WAV; Song Meter SM2+BAT or SM3 Bat; Wildlife Acoustics Inc, MA USA) or frequency division zero-cross (ZC; Anabat Express; Titley Scientific, MO USA) detectors with omni-directional microphones. Mobile surveys were recorded using both full spectrum and frequency division recorders with directional microphones, mounted on motor vehicles. Detectors recorded either in WAV or ZC format onto SD cards. See Appendices A-J for additional hardware details for each survey.

Once recorded, files were processed in batches using Kaleidoscope software (ver 2.3.0; Wildlife Acoustics, Inc., MA USA) to ensure consistent ZC output files. If the input files were in WAV format the WAV time expansion factor was set to 1; ZC output files were set to a division output of 8. Zero-crossing analysis preserves the structure of sound waves, as every nth sound wave is sampled, but does not capture harmonic or amplitude information. Filters were not applied in Kaleidoscope and advanced signal enhancement was not used to process the files. The output ZC files were then uploaded into AnaLook software (ver 4.1t, written by Chris Corben, http://www.hoarybat.com, accessed June 2015) where a basic filter was applied (smoothness 30; body over 350 ms; Fc 15 – 300 kHz; and dur 1.2 – 100 ms). Calls were defined as a single sound emission, or pulse, and call sequences as comprising sets of calls emitted by individual bats (Fenton 1999). Each call file was assumed to contain a call sequence from only one individual bat (e.g., Fenton 1999). Twelve parameters describing call shape were extracted from filtered calls: characteristic frequency (Fc), maximum frequency (Fmax), minimum frequency (Fmin), mean frequency (Fmean), frequency at the knee (Fk), call duration (Dur), time until end of characteristic slope (Tc), time until knee (Tk), duration of body of call (Dc; Tc-Tk), characteristic slope (Sc), slope at initial part of call (S1), and quality of knee (Qk).

Once extracted, call parameters were used to identify calls to species using a random forest model developed through the Classification and Regression Training caret package (Kuhn 2008) and the rf function in the randomForest package (Liaw and Wiener 2002). Analyses were conducted in the statistical program R (R Core Team 2017). The random forest model was trained on a provincial reference library, generously donated by Cori Lausen. The reference library contained 10 species (all nine Alberta bat species as well M. californicus, which has been recorded on the BC-Alberta border and at Waterton Lake National Park during the 2015 NABat acoustic monitoring surveys; Table 2) and one noise class because even with the filtering in AnaLook it is possible for call files to contain non-bat sounds or noise. The random forest model assigned class probabilities, or certainty scores, to each call for each of the 11 possible classes (10 bat and one noise class). Call sequences were classified as a particular class based on average certainty scores for each class, with a minimum threshold of 0.50 to be classified as a bat class. For a call sequence to be classified as noise the average certainty score for noise was set to a threshold of 0.8 and call sequences with fewer than 3 sequences were classified as “unknown”. In Alberta a number of species are difficult to distinguish from echolocation calls alone (Table 2), particularly as some species adjust their calls depending on the amount of vegetation in their surroundings (Broders et al. 2004). To account for this, call sequences could also be assigned to grouped

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Environment and Parks classes if combined average certainty score for the two most likely classes was ≥ 0.50 and belonged to one of the following four grouped class: EPFU-LANO, LABO-MYLU, MYEV-MYSE, and 40k Myotis. Call sequences were classified as 40K Myotis if they received a combined certainty score ≥0.50 for M. ciliolabrum, M. lucifigus, and/or M. volans. See Burgar (2017b) for detailed methods on the random forest model development.

Table 2. Often and commonly confused Alberta bat species (Cori Lausen, pers comm). Species confused with, and included in, the 40K Myotis category are included (in gray) for reference. Species class codes are defined in Table 1.

40K EPFU LABO LACI LANO MYCA MYCI MYEV MYLU MYSE MYVO Myotis EPFU o x

LABO x o

LACI o o

LANO x o

MYCA

MYCI x x 

MYEV

MYLU x x x x 

MYSE x o

MYVO x  x = often confused species; o = sometimes confused species;  denotes species included in the 40K Myotis category.

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Results Equipment malfunctions occurred at five sites in 2017; no detections were recovered from Edson1, Edson2, Fort Chipewyan, Oil Sands or Wabasca. For the seven sites with detections, 4947 bat call sequences were recorded during the passive surveys in 2017 (Table 3). On average, 707 bat call sequences were recorded at each site (± 229 SE; range 169-1219) and bats were recorded for an average of eight nights (7.1±1.2 SE; range 5-11) at each site and a total of 50 NABat passive acoustic survey nights for Alberta in 2017. Fifty-one bat call sequences were recorded during the five nights of mobile surveys, ranging from 5-22 bat call sequences per survey per night.

Table 3. The Upper Athabasca Region (UAR), Peace Region (PR), Lower Athabasca Region (LAR), South Saskatchewan River Region (SSR), Jasper National Park (JNP), Waterton Lakes National Park (WLNP), and Wood Buffalo National Park (WBNP) contributed monitoring data to NABat in 2017, predominantly through passive acoustic surveys at stationary monitoring stations but three areas also conducted mobile surveys along transects.

Recording Recording # call # bat call Grid Cell # detectors start date end date sequences sequences UAR 96710* 3 16-Jun-2017 22-Jun-2017 -- -- 95946* 3 23-Jun-2017 23-Jun-2017 -- -- 97466 3 30-Jun-2017 13-Jul-2017 169 169 PR 112796* 4 26-Jun-2017 2-Jul-2017 -- -- LAR 119699* 4 5-Jul-2017 10-Jul-2017 -- -- 135772* 4 14-Jun-2017 18-Jun-2017 -- -- SSR 52371 3 20-Jun-2017 27-Jun-2017 3031 1219 52372 2 12-Jun-2017 20-Jun-2017 1328 857 53137 2 12-Jun-2017 20-Jun-2017 714 376 JNP 92108 3 22-Jun-2017 28-Jun-2017 937 902 Mobile1 1 23-Jun-2017 24-Jun-2017 6 6 Mobile2 1 25-Jun-2017 25-Jun-2017 7 7 WBNP 143416 2 9-Jun-2017 15-Jun-2017 1045 1045 Mobile1 1 14-Jun-2017 15-Jun-2017 15 11 Mobile2 1 15-Jun-2017 16-Jun-2017 23 22 WLNP 56171 3 22-Jun-2017 28-Jun-2017 385 379 Mobile1 1 29-Jun-2017 30-Jun-2017 9 5 *equipment malfunctioned - no bat acoustic data was recovered.

One-quarter of call sequences were not classified to bat species/species group (Table 4). Of those call sequences classified to bat species/species group, nearly half were classified as Myotis lucifugus (44%), over twice as many calls as the next closest grouping (species group Eptesicus fuscus-Lasionycteris noctivagans at 17%). The majority of the M. lucifugus detections occurred in the South Saskatchewan Region (25% at SSR Camps and 13% at Lost River sites), Jasper National Park (29%), and Wood Buffalo National Park (16%). Lasiurus cinereus comprised 13% of all bat calls, detected nearly equally and predominantly in the South Saskatchewan Region and Jasper National Park. Four call sequences were classified as M. californicus in two surveys: South Saskatchewan Region (SSR Camps) and Waterton Lakes National Park.

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Table 4. Total bat call sequences recorded by species / species group for each of the passive and mobile surveys.

EPFU- LABO- MYOTIS MYEV- EPFU LANO LANO LACI LABO MYLU MYLU MYVO 40K MYEV MYSE MYCA1 unknown Passive surveys UAR 97466 1 3 17 40 32 76 SSR 52371 10 54 280 181 1 22 136 74 461 SSR 52372 2 3 11 87 1 59 389 121 3 181 SSR 53137 4 26 11 2 62 204 12 55 JNP 92108 2 7 6 163 7 145 454 50 68 WBNP 143416 17 5 207 18 3 75 255 53 412 WLNP 56171 10 66 86 6 1 6 112 18 1 73 Mobile surveys JNP 4 3 6 WBNP 11 1 10 1 10 WLNP 2 3 1The occurrence of M. californicus outside of Waterton Lakes National Park is unlikely and calls detected elsewhere are of low confidence.

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Figure 5. Mean (±SE) bat activity for each detector at grid cell 97466 (UAR).

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Figure 6. Mean (±SE) bat activity for each detector at grid cell 52371 (SSR).

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Figure 7. Mean (±SE) bat activity for each detector at grid cell 52372 (SSR).

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Figure 8. Mean (±SE) bat activity for each detector at grid cell 53137 (SSR).

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Figure 9. Mean (±SE) bat activity for each detector at grid cell 92108 (JNP).

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Figure 10. Mean (±SE) bat activity for each detector at grid cell 143416 (WBNP).

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Figure 11. Mean (±SE) bat activity for the one detector deployed at grid cell 56171 (WLNP).

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Table 5. Species /species group presence at each site over the NABat survey years. Not all sites were surveyed for three years so a green cell indicates a species/species group was detected a minimum of on one night at one detector for all years surveyed, an amber cell indicates presence for 1 of 2 or 2 of 3 years surveyed, and a red cell indicates presence for 1 of 3 years surveyed. The values refer to the survey effort: the number of years detected divided by the number of years surveyed.

EPFU- LABO- MYOTIS MYEV- EPFU LANO LANO LACI LABO MYLU MYLU MYVO 40K MYEV MYSE MYSE MYCA3 UAR 96710 1 0.5 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 UAR 959461 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 UAR 97466 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.7 PR 1127961 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 LAR 1196992 1.0 1.0 1.0 LAR 1357722 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 SSR 52371 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 SSR 52372 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.7 SSR 53137 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 JNP 92108 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 0.3 0.7 WBNP 143416 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 WLNP 56171 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1Sites were surveyed for 2 years. 2Sites were only surveyed for 1 year. 3The occurrence of M. californicus outside of Waterton Lakes National Park is unlikely and calls detected elsewhere are of low confidence.

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Discussion This report presents the 2017 findings for Alberta’s NABat program. Unfortunately nearly half of sites had equipment malfunctions and data were only recovered from seven of the 12 sites. Where data was recovered, similar to past years, the majority (44%) of all bat call sequences identified to species/species groups were classified as M. lucifugus with a further 10% classified as Myotis 40k. Over half of call sequences recorded in Jasper National Park were identified as M. lucifigus, with high contributions also coming from the most southerly and northerly sites. The implication for M. lucifigus populations is a serious concern with M. lucifigus already on Schedule 1 of SARA due to the perceived threat of WNS (Environment Canada 2015). The lack of call sequences identified as any other Myotis species may be an artifact of the low amplitude echolocation calls for some species (e.g., Clare and Holderied 2015) and/or the lower random forest model accuracy for these species (Burgar 2017b), highlighting the importance of manual verification of bat call sequences and the need for an improvement to the model by increasing the number of Myotis spp. call sequences in the training reference library.

There were fewer bat call sequences identified as L. cinereus in 2017 than in previous year surveys; L. cinereus comprised 13% of all bat calls and the majority (60%) were recorded in the South Saskatchewan River Region, an area with increasing wind energy development. As mentioned in previous reports, this may be a cause of concern as L. cinereus is the species most frequently killed by wind energy development in North America (Frick et al. 2017). The high proportion of call sequences classified as unknown in the South Saskatchewan River Region limits interpretation of how important these southern Alberta sites are to these migrating bat species.

As expected, M. californicus has been detected in Waterton Lakes National Park each year of the NABat survey. In both 2016 and 2017 bat calls from the South Saskatchewan River Region were also classified as M. californicus. While possible that M. californicus’ range extends into the South Saskatchewan River Region, live trapping is recommended to confirm presence and a possible range expansion.

It is important that acoustic surveys are conducted annually, for a minimum of five years at all of these sites and that new sites are added as resources permit. Continued surveys are especially important for sites where equipment malfunctioned to ensure adequate surveys for gathering baseline species distribution and occurrence data. This is especially true for the softer amplitude Myotis spp. For instance, the lack of M. evotis, M. septentrionalis or the combined group identifications within their ranges over the past three years might be partly due to characteristics of their echolocation calls, but could also be due to the fact that the LAR sites have only been surveyed once each and the loss of data to equipment malfunctions in PR and UAR.

Not only will continued monitoring assist NABat in detecting continental trends, it will also provide Alberta with much needed information on how provincial bat populations are persisting in the face of emerging threats. Locating and protecting winter hibernaculum and maternity colonies for WNS

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Acknowledgements JB would like to thank Lisa Wilkinson for initiating the provincial NABat program, Cori Lausen for donating reference calls, and provincial and federal biologists for collecting and contributing NABat data: Lisa Wilkinson (AEP – UAR), Agnieszka Sztaba (EMSD - LAR and PR), Sandi Robertson (AEP – SSR), Greg Horne and Saakje Hazenberg (PC – JNP), Sharon Irwin (PC – WBNP), and Helena Mahoney and Barb Johnston (PC – WLNP).

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Literature Cited Bell, D. (2017, Mar 22).Groundbreaking bat cave discovery gives Alberta researchers baseline in fight against deadly disease. CBC News. Retrieved from http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/bat- cave-discovered-northern-alberta-1.4037307

Broders, H.G., Findlay, C.S., and Zheng, L. (2004). Effects of clutter on echolocation call structure of Myotis septentrionalis and M. lucifigus. Journal of Mammalogy 85, 273-281.

Burgar, J.M. (2017a). North America Bat Monitoring Program, Alberta 2016. Alberta Environment and Parks, Government of Alberta, Canada.

Burgar, J.M. (2017b). North America Bat Monitoring Program, Alberta 2015. Alberta Environment and Parks, Government of Alberta, Canada.

Clare, E. L., and Holderied, M. W. (2015). Acoustic shadows help gleaning bats find prey, but may be defeated by prey acoustic camouflage on rough surfaces. eLife 4, 1–14.

Environment Canada (2015). Recovery strategy for Little Brown Myotis (Myotis lucifugus), Northern Myotis (Myotis septentrionalis), and Tri-colored Bat (Perimyotis subflavus) in Canada [Proposed]. Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series. Environment Canada, Ottawa. ix + 110 pp.

Fenton, M.B. (1999). Describing the echolocation calls and behaviour of bats. Acta Chiropterologica 1, 127-136.

Frick, W. F., Baerwald, E. F., Pollock, J. F., Barclay, R. M. R., Szymanski J. A., Weller, T. J., Russell, A. L., Loeb, S. C., Medellin, R. A., and McGuire, L. P. (2017). Fatalities at wind turbines may threaten population viability of a migratory bat. Biological Conservation 209, 172–177.

Kuhn, M. (2008). Building predictive models in R using the caret package. Journal of Statistical Software 28, 1-26.

Liaw, A. and Weiner, M. (2002). Classification and regression by randomForest. R News 2, 18-22.

R, S.C., Rodhouse, T.J., Ellison, L.E., Lausen, C.L., Reichard, J.D., Irvine, K.M., Ingersoll, T.E., Coleman, J.T.H., Thogmartin, W.E., Sauer, J.R., Francis, C.M., Bayless, M.L., Stanley, T.R., and Johnson, D.H. (2015). A plan for the North American Bat Monitoring Program (NABat). General Technical Report SRS-208. Asheville, NC.

R Core Team (2017). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Available at: http://www.r-project.org/

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Appendix A – Grid 97466 Survey Results

Figure A1. Grid 97466 – Upper Athabasca Region: Switzer.

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Stationary Point Acoustic Monitoring Datasheet

Surveyor(s): Lisa Wilkinson

Site: Switzer Number of Detectors Deployed: 3 (2 failure) Sunset:Grid Cell 21 ID::06 Sunrise: 04:09

Photos Submitted? ☐Y ☒N Moonset: 01:30 Moonrise: 13:37

Mobile Transect Conducted? ☐Y ☒N Map Datum: NAD 83 Grid Cell ID: 97466

Detector #1 Detector #2 Detector #3 Site Details Location – Latitude 53.4728 53.5052 53.4724 Location – Longitude -117.7933 -117.8288 -117.7958 forest – forest - Habitat Type industrial mixedwood mixedwood Feature Sampled wetland clearing wetland on back deck, open area (used to overlooking open overlooks small be gravel pit), fen surrounded by General Description of Deployment lake, surrounded surrounded by mature by mature forest mature forest mixedwood Recording Details Date Deployed 06/30/2017 06/30/2017 06/30/2017 Date Recovered 07/13/2017 07/13/2017 07/13/2017 Date Recording Started did not record 06/30/2017 did not record Date Recording Stopped did not record 07/13/2017 did not record Time Recording Started did not record 23:19:46 did not record Time Recording Stopped did not record 23:48:40 did not record Moon Phase Start waxing crescent waxing crescent waxing crescent Moon Phase End waning gibbous waning gibbous waning gibbous Detector Details Song Meter Song Meter Song Meter Bat Detector Manufacturer and Model SM2Bat+™ SM2Bat+™ SM2Bat+™ Microphone Type SMM-U1, SMX-U1 SMM-U1, SMX-U1 SMM-U1, SMX-U1 real-time full real-time full real-time full Recording Mode spectrum spectrum spectrum Gain Settings 0 dB 0 dB 0 dB Signal-to-noise Ratio 18 SNR 18 SNR 18 SNR Frequency Band Filters fs/12 fs/12 fs/12 Trigger Window Length 2 s 2 s 2 s Maximum File Length 15 s 15 s 15 s Calibration Method None None None Microphone Height (m) 3 3 3 Microphone Orientation down down down Weatherproofing Type none none none Distance to Clutter (m) minimum 50 m minimum 50 m minimum 50 m

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Temperature (°C) Relative Humidity (%) Wind Speed (km/h) Night 20170630 12.2 76.8 1.0 20170701 10.2 82.0 1.7 20170702 9.5 89.5 1.8 20170703 9.4 77.7 6.8 20170704 3.6 77.7 1.7 20170705 6.9 70.0 1.2 20170706 10.0 74.0 1.7 20170707 11.9 75.3 0.7 20170708 10.2 69.5 0.8 20170709 11.7 71.3 0.5 20170710 13.3 67.8 11.7 20170711 11.2 76.5 7.8 20170712 9.9 83.7 2.2 20170713 10.0 77.5 3.5 Significant Weather Events not recorded

Weather was recorded as the mean nightly value (from sunset to sunrise) and was downloaded from a local weather station: WMO identifier #71252; latitude 53.39, longitude -118.35.

NABat Alberta 2017

Environment and Parks

Table 6. Total bat call sequences detected by species / species group for Grid 97466 – Upper Athabasca Region: Switzer.

EPFU- LABO- MYOTIS MYEV- EPFU LANO LANO LACI LABO MYLU MYLU MYVO 40K MYEV MYSE MYCA unknown Unit2 1 3 17 40 32 76 20170630 2 3 1 1 20170701 20170702 20170703 1 2 20170704 1 3 20170705 1 20170706 20170707 1 1 5 7 20170708 1 2 1 20170709 5 9 7 21 20170710 1 1 1 7 20170711 1 3 6 3 15 20170712 1 3 7 12 15 20170713 2 8 4 4

NABat Alberta 2017

Environment and Parks

Appendix B – Grid 52371 Survey Results

Figure B1. Grid 52371 –South Saskatchewan Region: Lost River.

NABat Alberta 2017

Environment and Parks

Stationary Point Acoustic Monitoring Datasheet

Surveyor(s): Sandi Robertson

Site: Lost River Number of Detectors Deployed: 3 SunsetGrid Cell: 21:30 ID: Sunrise: 05:17

Photos Submitted? ☐Y ☒N Moonset: 17:16 Moonrise: 03:08

Mobile Transect Conducted? ☐Y ☒N Map Datum: NAD 83 Grid Cell ID: 52371

Detector #1 Detector #2 Detector #3 Site Details Location – Latitude 49.036505 49.032624 49.028212 Location – Longitude -110.469394 -110.473784 -110.465942 Habitat Type Grassland Grassland Grassland Feature Sampled coulee coulee coulee General Description of Deployment Recording Details Date Deployed 20/06/2017 20/06/2017 20/06/2017 Date Recovered 27/06/2017 27/06/2017 27/06/2017 Date Recording Started 20/06/2017 20/06/2017 20/06/2017 Date Recording Stopped 27/06/2017 24/06/2017 24/06/2017 Time Recording Started 23:29:48 05:19:26 19:46:30 Time Recording Stopped 05:27:38 18:46:27 23:38:42 Moon Phase Start waning crescent waning crescent waning crescent Moon Phase End waxing crescent waxing crescent waxing crescent Detector Details Bat Detector Manufacturer and Model Anabat Express Anabat Express Anabat Express Microphone Type Omni-directional Omni-directional Omni-directional Recording Mode zero-cross zero-cross zero-cross Gain Settings Signal-to-noise Ratio Frequency Band Filters Trigger Window Length Maximum File Length Calibration Method Microphone Height (m) 3 3 3 Microphone Orientation E NW NW Weatherproofing Type Distance to Clutter (m) >100 >100 >100

NABat Alberta 2017

Environment and Parks

Temperature (°C) Relative Humidity (%) Wind Speed (km/h) Night 20170620 16.5 51.0 22.5 20170621 11.2 73.7 22.5 20170622 7.1 78.2 18.3 20170623 6.6 75.5 11.0 20170624 9.0 73.3 12.3 20170625 10.6 68.8 12.0 20170626 14.7 54.5 16.3 20170627 16.1 56.5 9.8 Significant Weather Events not recorded

Weather was recorded as the mean nightly value (from sunset to sunrise) and was downloaded from a local weather station: WMO identifier #711116; latitude 49.12, longitude -110.47.

NABat Alberta 2017

Environment and Parks

Table 7. Total bat call sequences detected by species / species group for Grid 52371 –South Saskatchewan Region: Lost River.

EPFU- LABO- MYOTIS MYEV- EPFU LANO LANO LACI LABO MYLU MYLU MYVO 40K MYEV MYSE MYCA unknown Unit1 4 43 25 1 5 31 10 45 20170620 3 26 14 4 11 20170621 4 5 2 1 8 20170622 1 1 20170623 1 1 2 4 20170624 1 2 1 20170625 9 5 3 11 5 12 20170626 1 3 1 1 9 4 8 20170627 1 3 42 167 1 10 55 52 214 Unit2 2 1 17 20 20170620 1 15 90 8 41 17 89 20170621 1 10 53 1 12 16 56 20170622 15 7 1 3 22 20170623 1 1 1 1 16 27 20170624 5 8 213 13 7 50 12 202 Unit3 4 1 19 3 35 7 30 20170620 1 1 90 9 3 12 3 58 20170621 1 13 8 20170622 3 33 3 1 3 2 53 20170623 2 58 1 53 20170624 3 26 14 4 11

NABat Alberta 2017

Environment and Parks

Appendix C – Grid 52372 Survey Results

Figure C1. Grid 52372 –South Saskatchewan Region: SSR Camps.

NABat Alberta 2017

Environment and Parks

Stationary Point Acoustic Monitoring Datasheet

Surveyor(s): Sandi Robertson

Site: SSR Camps* Number of Detectors Deployed: 2 Sunset:Grid Cell 21:51 ID: Sunrise: 05:21

Photos Submitted? ☐Y ☒N Moonset: 09:19 Moonrise: 00:02

Mobile Transect Conducted? ☐Y ☒N Map Datum: NAD 83 Grid Cell ID: 52372

Detector #3 Detector #4 Site Details Location – Latitude 49.05695 49.07090 Location – Longitude -110.46120 -110.42868 Habitat Type Grassland Grassland Feature Sampled buildings buildlings General Description of Deployment cow camp sheep camp Recording Details Date Deployed 6/12/2017 6/12/2017 Date Recovered 6/20/2017 6/20/2017 Date Recording Started 6/12/2017 6/13/2017 Date Recording Stopped 6/17/2017 6/16/2017 Time Recording Started 17:57:05 03:27:31 Time Recording Stopped 10:22:54 22:03:55 Moon Phase Start waning gibbous waning gibbous Moon Phase End last quarter last quarter Detector Details Bat Detector Manufacturer and Model Anabat Express Anabat Express Microphone Type omni-directional omni-directional Recording Mode zero-cross zero-cross Gain Settings Signal-to-noise Ratio Frequency Band Filters Trigger Window Length Maximum File Length Calibration Method Microphone Height (m) 3 3 Microphone Orientation Weatherproofing Type Distance to Clutter (m) 50m 50m *In previous years this site was erroneously included with Onefour. Detector numbers relate to previous Onefour detector numbers for ease of reference to previous years. Date/time may be incorrect - taking from Anabat time stamp but odd for recording to start hours before sunset.

NABat Alberta 2017

Environment and Parks

Temperature (°C) Relative Humidity (%) Wind Speed (km/h) Night 20170612 11.5 75.7 15.5 20170613 15.0 75.2 18.5 20170614 11.4 90.3 14.8 20170615 10.0 70.5 17.2 20170616 12.1 71.3 13.3 Significant Weather Events not recorded

Weather was recorded as the mean nightly value (from sunset to sunrise) and was downloaded from a local weather station: WMO identifier #711116; latitude 49.12, longitude -110.47.

NABat Alberta 2017

Environment and Parks

Table 8. Total bat call sequences detected by species / species group for Grid 52372 –South Saskatchewan Region: SSR Camps. Date and time from Anabat may be incorrect; bat call sequences may not be assigned to the correct night.

EPFU- LABO- MYOTIS MYEV- EPFU LANO LANO LACI LABO MYLU MYLU MYVO 40K MYEV MYSE MYCA unknown Unit3 2 2 5 8 1 59 356 110 2 117 20170612 1 1 3 1 1 28 174 24 13 20170613 4 17 25 17 20170614 1 5 1 25 8 31 20170615 1 1 8 93 14 28 20170616 1 1 1 18 47 39 2 28 Unit4 1 6 79 33 11 1 64 20170612 1 4 6 20170613 1 18 6 24 20170614 35 1 20170615 1 4 22 8 4 26 20170616 19 6 1 8

NABat Alberta 2017

Environment and Parks

Appendix D – Grid 53137 Survey Results

Figure D1. Grid 53137 –South Saskatchewan Region: Onefour.

NABat Alberta 2017

Environment and Parks

Stationary Point Acoustic Monitoring Datasheet

Surveyor(s): Sandi Robertson

Site: Onefour Number of Detectors Deployed: 2 Sunset:Grid Cell 21: ID:51 Sunrise: 05:21

Photos Submitted? ☐Y ☒N Moonset: 09:19 Moonrise: 00:02

Mobile Transect Conducted? ☐Y ☒N Map Datum: NAD 83 Grid Cell ID: 53137

Detector #1 Detector #2 Site Details Location – Latitude 49.12053 49.12736 Location – Longitude -110.47285 -110.46824 Habitat Type Grassland Grassland Feature Sampled buildings buildings General Description of Deployment playground reservoir Recording Details Date Deployed 6/12/2017 6/12/2017 Date Recovered 6/20/2017 6/20/2017 Date Recording Started 6/12/2017 6/12/2017 Date Recording Stopped 6/16/2017 6/20/2017 Time Recording Started 19:22:46 23:38:58 Time Recording Stopped 22:40:15 04:47:15 Moon Phase Start waning gibbous waning gibbous Moon Phase End waning gibbous waning crescent Detector Details Bat Detector Manufacturer and Model Anabat Express Anabat Express Microphone Type omni-directional omni-directional Recording Mode zero-cross zero-cross Gain Settings Signal-to-noise Ratio Frequency Band Filters Trigger Window Length Maximum File Length Calibration Method Microphone Height (m) 3 3 Microphone Orientation W W Weatherproofing Type Distance to Clutter (m) 50m >100m *Timestamp may be incorrect but kept as recorded as no simple assumption to time could be made.

NABat Alberta 2017

Environment and Parks

Weather was recorded as the mean nightly value (from sunset to sunrise) and was downloaded from a local weather station: WMO identifier #711116; latitude 49.12, longitude -110.47.

NABat Alberta 2017

Environment and Parks

Table 9. Total bat call sequences detected by species / species group for Grid 53137 –South Saskatchewan Region: Onefour. Date and time from Anabat may be incorrect; bat call sequences may not be assigned to the correct night.

EPFU- LABO- MYOTIS MYEV- EPFU LANO LANO LACI LABO MYLU MYLU MYVO 40K MYEV MYSE MYCA unknown Unit1 25 2 10 1 36 123 7 49 20170612 5 2 1 26 92 4 17 20170613 2 3 1 3 2 6 20170614 2 2 2 4 14 2 20170615 3 1 5 14 1 8 20170616 13 2 16 Unit2 1 2 1 1 26 81 5 6 20170612 4 2 20170613 20170614 13 34 20170615 2 2 3 1 1 20170616 1 1 3 20170617 2 9 2 20170618 1 9 24 1 3 20170619 4 1

NABat Alberta 2017

Environment and Parks

Appendix E – Grid 92108 Survey Results

Figure E1. Grid 92108 – Jasper National Park.

NABat Alberta 2017

Environment and Parks

Stationary Point Acoustic Monitoring Datasheet

Surveyor(s): Horne / Hazenberg

Site: Jasper National Park Number of Detectors Deployed: 4 Sunset: 22:21 Sunrise: 5:29

Photos Submitted? ☒Y ☐N Moonset: 20:18 Moonrise: 04:39

Mobile Transect Conducted? ☒Y ☐N Map Datum: NAD83 Grid Cell ID: 92108

Detector #1 Detector #2 Detector #3 Detector #4 Site Details Buffalo Prairie Tekarra Marsh Valley of Five Wabasso Lake Location – Latitude 52.79586 52.84225 52.81569 52.77916 Location – Longitude 118.00718 118.03197 118.02081 117.95943 Habitat Type grassland wetland wet meadow wetland Feature Sampled large meadow large wetland stream edge marshy creek near edge of slow stream in open marsh in meadows at General Description of Deployment huge wetland meadow forest at 1086m 1056m 1080m 1156m Recording Details Date Deployed 21/06/2017 22/06/2017 23/06/2017 22/06/2017 Date Recovered 28/06/2017 28/06/2017 28/06/2017 28/06/2017 Date Recording Started 21/06/2017 22/06/2017 23/06/2017 22/06/2017 Date Recording Stopped 28/06/2017 28/06/2017 28/06/2017 28/06/2017 Time Recording Started 21:51 21:51 21:51 21:51 Time Recording Stopped 5:59 5:59 5:59 5:59 Moon Phase Start waning crescent waning crescent waning crescent waning crescent Moon Phase End waxing crescent waxing crescent waxing crescent waxing crescent Detector Details Bat Detector Manufacturer and Song Meter Song Meter Song Meter Song Meter Model SM3™ SM2Bat+™ SM3™ SM2Bat+™ Microphone Type SMM-U1 SMX-U1 SMM-U1 SMX-U1 Recording Mode full spectrum full spectrum full spectrum full spectrum Gain Settings 12 dB 12 dB 12 dB 12 dB Signal-to-noise Ratio 18 18 18 18 Frequency Band Filters fs/12 fs/12 fs/12 fs/12 Trigger Window Length 2 sec 2 sec 2 sec 2 sec Maximum File Length 5 s 5 s 5 s 5 s Calibration Method none – but tested with chirper Microphone Height (m) 5m 5m 5m 5m Microphone Orientation omni / down omni / down omni / down omni / down Weatherproofing Type foam foam foam foam Distance to Clutter (m) 50 30m 30m 40m

NABat Alberta 2017

Environment and Parks

Temperature (°C) Relative Humidity (%) Wind Speed (km/h) Night 20170621 7.9 70.8 7.7 20170622 9.0 65.3 4.3 20170623 8.8 69.0 3.2 20170624 7.8 74.0 3.0 20170625 11.6 63.0 4.3 20170626 12.3 71.5 4.0 20170627 10.5 78.7 5.3 20170628 10.1 78.7 3.7 Significant Weather Events generally a cool and wet spring

Weather was recorded as the mean nightly value (from sunset to sunrise) and was downloaded from a local weather station: WMO identifier #71486; latitude 52.93, longitude -118.03.

NABat Alberta 2017

Environment and Parks

Table 10. Total bat call sequences detected by species / species group for Grid 92108 – Jasper National Park.

EPFU- LABO- MYOTIS MYEV- EPFU LANO LANO LACI LABO MYLU MYLU MYVO 40K MYEV MYSE MYCA unknown Buffalo Prairie 1 1 5 14 2 9 20170621 1 20170622 2 20170623 1 1 20170624 20170625 1 4 11 1 3 20170626 2 1 20170627 1 3 Tekarra Marsh 2 4 4 2 5 119 369 41 35 20170622 1 11 44 7 6 20170623 1 7 1 20170624 1 1 5 15 1 3 20170625 1 1 3 55 145 8 7 20170626 2 2 2 1 40 131 23 15 20170627 1 1 7 27 2 3 Valley of Five 1 161 8 28 3 19 20170623 46 1 4 20170624 51 1 1 5 20170625 60 6 23 3 6 20170626 3 3 2 20170627 1 1 1 2

NABat Alberta 2017

Environment and Parks

EPFU- LABO- MYOTIS MYEV- EPFU LANO LANO LACI LABO MYLU MYLU MYVO 40K MYEV MYSE MYCA unknown Wabasso Lake 3 1 13 43 4 5 20170622 1 1 20170623 2 2 20170624 2 1 6 2 20170625 4 12 1 20170626 1 7 19 2 1 20170627 1 4 Mobile 4 3 6 20170623 2 1 3 20170625 2 2 3

NABat Alberta 2017

Environment and Parks

Appendix F – Grid 143416 Survey Results

Figure F1. Grid 143416 – Wood Buffalo National Park.

NABat Alberta 2017

Environment and Parks

Stationary Point Acoustic Monitoring Datasheet

Surveyor(s): Sharon Irwin

Site: Wood Buffalo National Park Number of Detectors Deployed: 3 Sunset: 04:07 Sunrise:22:54

Photos Submitted? ☐Y ☒N Moonset: 05:04 Moonrise: 22:25

Mobile Transect Conducted? ☒Y ☐N Map Datum: WGS 84 Grid Cell ID: 143416

Detector #1 Detector #3 Detector #2 Site Details Parsons Pine Rainbow Location – Latitude 59.72281 59.74148 59.77368 Location – Longitude -112.17974 -112.11775 -112.09183 Habitat Type forest - aspen forest - pine burn wildlife opening across road (gravel) opening at Feature Sampled near pond trailhead near road on aluminum pole on painter pole and on painter pole and General Description of Deployment and rebar rebar rebar Recording Details Date Deployed 06/09/2017 06/09/2017 06/09/2017 Date Recovered 06/16/2017 06/16/2017 06/16/2017 Date Recording Started 06/09/2017 06/09/2017 06/09/2017 Date Recording Stopped 06/16/2017 06/16/2017 06/16/2017 Time Recording Started 22:30:00 22:30:00 22:30:00 Time Recording Stopped 04:20:00 04:20:00 04:20:00 Moon Phase Start full moon full moon full moon Moon Phase End waning gibbous waning gibbous waning gibbous Detector Details Song Meter Song Meter Song Meter Bat Detector Manufacturer and Model SM3Bat™ SM3Bat™ SM3Bat™ Microphone Type SMM-U1 (horn) SMM-U1(horn) SMM-U1(horn) real-time full real-time full real-time full Recording Mode spectrum spectrum spectrum Gain Settings Signal-to-noise Ratio Frequency Band Filters Trigger Window Length 2 s 2 s 2 s Maximum File Length 15 s 15 s 15 s WA Ultrasonic WA Ultrasonic WA Ultrasonic Calibration Method calibrator calibrator calibrator Microphone Height (m) 3.5 3.5 3 Microphone Orientation W SE NW Weatherproofing Type Distance to Clutter (m)

NABat Alberta 2017

Environment and Parks

Temperature (°C) Relative Humidity (%) Wind Speed (km/h) Night 20170609 11.3 65.0 14.2 20170610 8.2 64.3 11.5 20170611 5.6 70.5 16.0 20170612 5.6 70.8 6.2 20170613 7.4 78.8 7.5 20170614 8.9 66.5 9.2 20170615 11.3 65.0 7.7 20170616 14.1 66.7 7.8 Significant Weather Events rain on final night

Weather was recorded as the mean nightly value (from sunset to sunrise) and was downloaded from a local weather station: WMO identifier #71934; latitude 60.02, longitude -111.96.

NABat Alberta 2017

Environment and Parks

Table 11. Total bat call sequences detected by species / species group for Grid 143416 – Wood Buffalo National Park.

EPFU- LABO- MYOTIS MYEV- EPFU LANO LANO LACI LABO MYLU MYLU MYVO 40K MYEV MYSE MYCA unknown Parsons 17 5 188 17 2 16 38 10 396 20170609 1 3 25 1 3 5 1 50 20170610 1 1 20170611 3 1 1 2 20170612 4 31 1 1 4 1 68 20170613 1 2 4 1 1 20170614 6 2 68 6 2 4 2 142 20170615 6 64 10 5 19 4 132 Pine 18 1 1 19 153 34 14 20170609 3 1 34 5 2 20170610 2 20170611 2 2 3 20170612 0 13 6 20170613 0 5 2 3 20170614 2 0 30 11 4 20170615 13 1 1 16 69 5 5 Rainbow 1 40 64 9 2 20170609 9 3 1 1 20170610 3 20170611 6 2 1 20170612 1 7 3 20170613 3 1 2 20170614 4 4 1 20170615 1 17 44 1 1

NABat Alberta 2017

Environment and Parks

EPFU- LABO- MYOTIS MYEV- EPFU LANO LANO LACI LABO MYLU MYLU MYVO 40K MYEV MYSE MYCA unknown Mobile 11 1 10 1 10 20170614 3 2 1 5 20170615 8 1 28 5

NABat Alberta 2017

Environment and Parks

Appendix G – Grid 56171 Survey Results

Figure G1. Grid 56171 – Waterton Lakes National Park.

NABat Alberta 2017

Environment and Parks

Stationary Point Acoustic Monitoring Datasheet

Surveyor(s): Ruth Midgley , Helena Mahoney, Lili Simon

Site: Waterton Lakes National Park Number of Detectors Deployed: 3 Sunset: 21:43 Sunrise:05:31

Photos Submitted? ☐Y ☒N Moonset: 20:03 Moonrise: 04:39

Mobile Transect Conducted? ☒Y ☐N Map Datum: WGS 84 Grid Cell ID: 56171

Detector #1 Detector #2 Detector #3 Site Details BLAKNEW CAM POW Location – Latitude 49.10685 49.03972 49.06110 Location – Longitude -113.98093 -114.03294 -113.90191 Habitat Type montane montane montane Feature Sampled Pond/meadow meadow fescue grassland Grassy meadow on Small meadow and Hillside near hill above pond, General Description of Deployment gravel bars in lakeshore, with low surrounded by conifer coniferous forest lying shrubs and deciduous forest. Recording Details Date Deployed 06/22/2017 06/22/2017 06/22/2017 Date Recovered 06/27/2017 06/27/2017 06/27/2017 Date Recording Started 06/22/2017 06/22/2017 06/22/2017 Date Recording Stopped 06/27/2017 06/27/2017 06/27/2017 Time Recording Started 21:13:00 21:13:00 21:13:00 Time Recording Stopped 06:01:00 06:01:00 06:01:00 Moon Phase Start waning crescent waning gibbous waning gibbous Moon Phase End waxing crescent waning crescent waning crescent Detector Details Bat Detector Manufacturer and Song Meter Song Meter Song Meter Model SM2Bat+™ SM2Bat+™ SM2Bat+™ Microphone Type SMX-U1 SMX-U1 SMX-U1 real-time full real-time full real-time full Recording Mode spectrum spectrum spectrum Gain Settings 12 db 12 db 12 db Signal-to-noise Ratio 18 18 18 Frequency Band Filters FS/48 FS/48 FS/48 Trigger Window Length 2 s 2 s 2 s Maximum File Length 0 0 0 Wildlife Acoustics Wildlife Acoustics Wildlife Acoustics Calibration Method Ultrasonic Calibrator Ultrasonic Calibrator Ultrasonic Calibrator Microphone Height (m) 5.45 5.45 5.84 Microphone Orientation 45° down, facing NW 45° down, facing NW 45° down, facing NW Weatherproofing Type none none none Distance to Clutter (m) 10 5.3 20

NABat Alberta 2017

Environment and Parks

Temperature (°C) Relative Humidity (%) Wind Speed (km/h) Night 20170622 4.2 78.7 2.8 20170623 4.9 91.3 1.7 20170624 6.0 90.3 6.2 20170625 7.8 83.0 4.3 20170626 15.2 54.3 13.2 Significant Weather Events none

Weather was recorded as the mean nightly value (from sunset to sunrise) and was downloaded from a local weather station: WMO identifier #71154; latitude 49.13, longitude -113.81.

NABat Alberta 2015

Environment and Parks

Table 12. Total bat call sequences detected by species / species group for Grid 56171 – Waterton Lakes National Park. EPFU- LABO- MYOTIS MYEV- EPFU LANO LANO LACI LABO MYLU MYLU MYVO 40K MYEV MYSE MYCA unknown BLAKNEW 8 9 52 4 2 13 9 1 32 20170622 2 1 1 3 1 20170623 1 20170624 1 1 2 3 20170625 3 3 3 7 6 20170626 5 3 49 4 5 4 22 CAM 14 13 24 7 20170622 2 2 20170623 20170624 1 2 20170625 10 3 6 3 20170626 2 8 17 2 POW 2 43 21 2 1 4 75 9 34 20170622 1 23 12 1 1 1 42 3 8 20170623 18 2 9 4 8 20170624 1 1 2 1 1 9 9 20170625 1 2 1 7 6 20170626 3 1 8 2 3 Mobile 2 3 20170629 2 3