E-Mail Security and Spam
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Address Munging: the Practice of Disguising, Or Munging, an E-Mail Address to Prevent It Being Automatically Collected and Used
Address Munging: the practice of disguising, or munging, an e-mail address to prevent it being automatically collected and used as a target for people and organizations that send unsolicited bulk e-mail address. Adware: or advertising-supported software is any software package which automatically plays, displays, or downloads advertising material to a computer after the software is installed on it or while the application is being used. Some types of adware are also spyware and can be classified as privacy-invasive software. Adware is software designed to force pre-chosen ads to display on your system. Some adware is designed to be malicious and will pop up ads with such speed and frequency that they seem to be taking over everything, slowing down your system and tying up all of your system resources. When adware is coupled with spyware, it can be a frustrating ride, to say the least. Backdoor: in a computer system (or cryptosystem or algorithm) is a method of bypassing normal authentication, securing remote access to a computer, obtaining access to plaintext, and so on, while attempting to remain undetected. The backdoor may take the form of an installed program (e.g., Back Orifice), or could be a modification to an existing program or hardware device. A back door is a point of entry that circumvents normal security and can be used by a cracker to access a network or computer system. Usually back doors are created by system developers as shortcuts to speed access through security during the development stage and then are overlooked and never properly removed during final implementation. -
Phishing Exposed.Pdf
335_PH_EXP_FM.qxd 10/11/05 5:11 PM Page i Register for Free Membership to [email protected] Over the last few years, Syngress has published many best-selling and critically acclaimed books, including Tom Shinder’s Configuring ISA Server 2004, Brian Caswell and Jay Beale’s Snort 2.1 Intrusion Detection, and Angela Orebaugh and Gilbert Ramirez’s Ethereal Packet Sniffing. One of the reasons for the success of these books has been our unique [email protected] program. Through this site, we’ve been able to provide readers a real time extension to the printed book. As a registered owner of this book, you will qualify for free access to our members-only [email protected] program. Once you have registered, you will enjoy several benefits, including: ■ Four downloadable e-booklets on topics related to the book. Each booklet is approximately 20-30 pages in Adobe PDF format. They have been selected by our editors from other best-selling Syngress books as providing topic coverage that is directly related to the coverage in this book. ■ A comprehensive FAQ page that consolidates all of the key points of this book into an easy-to-search web page, pro- viding you with the concise, easy-to-access data you need to perform your job. ■ A “From the Author” Forum that allows the authors of this book to post timely updates and links to related sites, or additional topic coverage that may have been requested by readers. Just visit us at www.syngress.com/solutions and follow the simple registration process. -
Technical and Legal Approaches to Unsolicited Electronic Mail†
35 U.S.F. L. REV. 325 (2001) Technical and Legal Approaches to Unsolicited Electronic Mail† By DAVID E. SORKIN* “Spamming” is truly the scourge of the Information Age. This problem has become so widespread that it has begun to burden our information infrastructure. Entire new networks have had to be constructed to deal with it, when resources would be far better spent on educational or commercial needs. United States Senator Conrad Burns (R-MT)1 UNSOLICITED ELECTRONIC MAIL, also called “spam,”2 causes or contributes to a wide variety of problems for network administrators, † Copyright © 2000 David E. Sorkin. * Assistant Professor of Law, Center for Information Technology and Privacy Law, The John Marshall Law School; Visiting Scholar (1999–2000), Center for Education and Research in Information Assurance and Security (CERIAS), Purdue University. The author is grateful for research support furnished by The John Marshall Law School and by sponsors of the Center for Education and Research in Information Assurance and Security. Paul Hoffman, Director of the Internet Mail Consortium, provided helpful comments on technical matters based upon an early draft of this Article. Additional information related to the subject of this Article is available at the author’s web site Spam Laws, at http://www.spamlaws.com/. 1. Spamming: Hearing Before the Subcomm. on Communications of the Senate Comm. on Commerce, Sci. & Transp., 105th Cong. 2 (1998) (prepared statement of Sen. Burns), available at 1998 WL 12761267 [hereinafter 1998 Senate Hearing]. 2. The term “spam” reportedly came to be used in connection with online activities following a mid-1980s episode in which a participant in a MUSH created and used a macro that repeatedly typed the word “SPAM,” interfering with others’ ability to participate. -
Factors Involved in Estimating Cost of Email Spam
Factors involved in estimating cost of Email spam Farida Ridzuan, Vidyasagar Potdar, Alex Talevski Anti Spam Research Lab, Digital Ecosystems and Business Intelligence Institute, Curtin University of Technology. [email protected], {v.potdar, a.talevski}@curtin.edu.au Abstract. This paper analyses existing research work to identify all possible factors involved in estimating cost of spam. Main motivation of this paper is to provide unbiased spam costs estimation. For that, we first study the email spam lifecycle and identify all possible stakeholders. We then categorise cost and study the impact on each stakeholder. This initial study will form the backbone of the real time spam cost calculating engine that we are developing for Australia. Keywords: spam cost, email spam, spam lifecycle 1 Introduction Spamming in email refers to sending unwanted, irrelevant, inappropriate and unsolicited email messages to a large number of recipients. Sending email is fast, convenient and cheap; making it as an important means of communication in business and personal. This is supported by the report from Radicati Group saying that there is a growth of email users from time to time [1]. Dependencies on email usage throughout the whole world provide a huge opportunity to the spammers for spamming. Spamming activities starts from spammers (who create and send spam), but its impacts goes far beyond them, involving Internet Service Provider (ISP), company, and users (spam email recipients) since they represent the key stakeholders. It is undeniable that each stakeholders involved in this activity has to bear some costs associated with spam. Throughout our study, there are a few papers discussing on the costs of email spam, but most of them focuses only on one stakeholder, which is the user. -
Prentvæn Útgáfa Af Orðasafninu Með Líku Sniði Og Fyrri Útgáfur
Tölvuorðasafn Íslenskt-enskt, enskt-íslenskt 5. útgáfa, aukin og endurbætt Gefið út sem rafrænt rit Orðanefnd Skýrslutæknifélags Íslands tók saman Reykjavík 2013 Tölvuorðasafn Rit orðanefndar Skýrslutæknifélags Íslands: 1. Skrá yfir orð og hugtök varðandi gagnavinnslu. 2. útgáfa. Skrifuð sem hand- rit. Orðanefnd Skýrslutæknifélags Íslands tók saman. Skýrslutæknifélag Íslands. [Reykjavík] 1974. 2. Tölvuorðasafn. Íslenskt-enskt, enskt-íslenskt. Orðanefnd Skýrslutæknifélags Íslands tók saman. [Ritstjóri: Sigrún Helgadóttir.] Hið íslenska bókmenntafélag. Reykjavík 1983. 3. Örfilmutækni. Íslensk-ensk orðaskrá með skýringum og ensk-íslensk orðaskrá. Orðanefnd Skýrslutæknifélags Íslands tók saman í samvinnu við nokkra áhuga- menn. Tölvumál 1985, 10. árg., 2. tbl., bls. 7–25. 4. Tölvuorðasafn. Íslenskt-enskt, enskt-íslenskt. 2. útgáfa, aukin og endurbætt. Orðanefnd Skýrslutæknifélags Íslands tók saman. Ritstjóri: Sigrún Helgadóttir. Íslensk málnefnd. Reykjavík 1986. 5. Tölvuorðasafn. Íslenskt-enskt, enskt-íslenskt. 3. útgáfa, aukin og endurbætt. Orðanefnd Skýrslutæknifélags Íslands tók saman. Ritstjóri: Stefán Briem. Íslensk málnefnd. Reykjavík 1998. 6. Íslensk táknaheiti. Orðanefnd Skýrslutæknifélags Íslands tók saman. Ritstjóri: Stefán Briem. Íslensk málnefnd. Reykjavík 2003. 7. Tölvuorðasafn. Íslenskt-enskt, enskt-íslenskt. 4. útgáfa, aukin og endurbætt. Orðanefnd Skýrslutæknifélags Íslands tók saman. Ritstjóri: Stefán Briem. Hið íslenska bókmenntafélag í samvinnu við orðanefnd Skýrslutæknifélags Íslands. Reykjavík 2005. 8. Tölvuorðasafn. 5. útgáfa, -
NIST SP 800-44 Version 2
Special Publication 800-44 Version 2 Guidelines on Securing Public Web Servers Recommendations of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Miles Tracy Wayne Jansen Karen Scarfone Theodore Winograd NIST Special Publication 800-44 Guidelines on Securing Public Web Version 2 Servers Recommendations of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Miles Tracy, Wayne Jansen, Karen Scarfone, and Theodore Winograd C O M P U T E R S E C U R I T Y Computer Security Division Information Technology Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8930 September 2007 U.S. Department of Commerce Carlos M. Gutierrez, Secretary National Institute of Standards and Technology James Turner, Acting Director GUIDELINES ON SECURING PUBLIC WEB SERVERS Reports on Computer Systems Technology The Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) promotes the U.S. economy and public welfare by providing technical leadership for the Nation’s measurement and standards infrastructure. ITL develops tests, test methods, reference data, proof of concept implementations, and technical analysis to advance the development and productive use of information technology. ITL’s responsibilities include the development of technical, physical, administrative, and management standards and guidelines for the cost-effective security and privacy of sensitive unclassified information in Federal computer systems. This Special Publication 800-series reports on ITL’s research, guidance, and outreach efforts in computer security, and its collaborative activities with industry, government, and academic organizations. National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 800-44 Version 2 Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Spec. Publ. 800-44 Ver. -
How Do Spammers Harvest Email Addresses ?
11/26/12 How do spammers harv est email addresses ? How do spammers harvest email addresses ? By Uri Raz There are many ways in which spammers can get your email address. The ones I know of are : 1. From posts to UseNet with your email address. Spammers regularily scan UseNet for email address, using ready made programs designed to do so. Some programs just look at articles headers which contain email address (From:, Reply-To:, etc), while other programs check the articles' bodies, starting with programs that look at signatures, through programs that take everything that contain a '@' character and attempt to demunge munged email addresses. There have been reports of spammers demunging email addresses on occasions, ranging from demunging a single address for purposes of revenge spamming to automatic methods that try to unmunge email addresses that were munged in some common ways, e.g. remove such strings as 'nospam' from email addresses. As people who where spammed frequently report that spam frequency to their mailbox dropped sharply after a period in which they did not post to UseNet, as well as evidence to spammers' chase after 'fresh' and 'live' addresses, this technique seems to be the primary source of email addresses for spammers. 2. From mailing lists. Spammers regularily attempt to get the lists of subscribers to mailing lists [some mail servers will give those upon request],knowing that the email addresses are unmunged and that only a few of the addresses are invalid. When mail servers are configured to refuse such requests, another trick might be used - spammers might send an email to the mailing list with the headers Return- Receipt-To: <email address> or X-Confirm-Reading-To: <email address>. -
Spam and Spam Prevention
SPAM AND SPAM PREVENTION 1 WHAT IS SPAM? • Classic definition: • Any kind of unsolicited bulk messages, unwanted by the receiver • Cambridge dictionary: • Email that is sent to a lot of people, esp. email that is not wanted • To send someone an advertisement that they do not want by email 2 WHAT IS SPAM? • According to Finn Brunton: “Spamming the project of leveraging information technology to exploit existing gatherings of attention” • Other definitions: • Breakfast meat sold in tin cans • Abbreviation for Special Processed American Meat 3 MEANINGS OF SPAM • Is spam a noun, adjective or a verb? • It refers to exploitation, malfeasance, and bad behavior. • Spam terminology has branched out into specific subdomains like: “Phishing spam”, “419 spam”, splogs, linkfarms, floodbots, content farms. 4 HISTORY OF SPAM • The three epochs of spam: 1. The first from 1970s – 1995 • During this time spam in this context was loud annoying messages 2. The second phase from 1995 – 2003 • Privatization of network • Passage of CAN-SPAM Act in the United States 3. The most recent phase from 2003 – present day • Algorithms and human attention • Adoption of powerful spam filters 5 SPAM STATISTICS • Out of the emails that people receive daily, about 85% are spam That is about 122.3 billion email spam messages • The most common source: • 10.85% come from IPs based in the United States • 23.52% originated from Russia (largest source of spam unsolicited emails sent) 6 SPAM STATISTICS 2019 VS 2020 2019: 2020: • 50,37% of emails were spam (6,14 • Most common spam: Nigerian Prince spam decrease) • Americans faced a fatality of $703,000 to this • Most originated from Russia (21,27%) type of fraud. -
Studienbriefe-Spam.Pdf
Spam [Spam] Autoren: Dr. Christopher Wolf Sebastian Uellenbeck Ruhr-Universität Bochum Modul Spam [Spam] Studienbrief 1: Grundlagen Studienbrief 2: Spam-Techniken Studienbrief 3: Anti-Spam-Techniken Autoren: Dr. Christopher Wolf Sebastian Uellenbeck 1. Auflage Ruhr-Universität Bochum © 2017 Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum 1. Auflage (30. Mai 2017) Didaktische und redaktionelle Bearbeitung: Bärbel Wolf-Gellatly Das Werk einschließlich seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Ver- wendung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung der Verfasser unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspei- cherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Um die Lesbarkeit zu vereinfachen, wird auf die zusätzliche Formulierung der weiblichen Form bei Personenbezeichnungen verzichtet. Wir weisen des- halb darauf hin, dass die Verwendung der männlichen Form explizit als geschlechtsunabhängig verstanden werden soll. Das diesem Bericht zugrundeliegende Vorhaben wurde mit Mitteln des Bun- desministeriums für Bildung, und Forschung unter dem Förderkennzeichen 16OH12026 gefördert. Die Verantwortung für den Inhalt dieser Veröffentli- chung liegt beim Autor. Inhaltsverzeichnis Seite3 Inhaltsverzeichnis Einleitung zu den Studienbriefen5 I. Abkürzungen der Randsymbole und Farbkodierungen......... 5 II. Zu den Autoren.............................. 6 III. Modullehrziele.............................. 7 Studienbrief 1 Grundlagen9 -
Based on May 2011 Occupational Standards
Ethiopian TVET-System INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SUPPORT SERVICE Level I Based on May 2011 Occupational Standards October, 2019 Module Title: Protecting Application or System Software TTLM Code: ICT ITS1 TTLM1019 v1 This module includes the following Learning Guides LG33: Ensure User Accounts are Controlled LG Code: ICT ITS1 M09LO1LG33 LG34: Detect and Remove Destructive Software LG Code: ICT ITS1 M09 LO2LG34 LG35: Identify and Take Action to Stop Spam LG Code: ICT ITS1 M09 LO3 – LG35 Version:01 ICT ITS1 Page No.2 Copyright: Ethiopia Federal TVET Agency Instruction Sheet LG33: Ensure User Accounts are Controlled This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the following content coverage and topics – User Account Control User Account Configuration Notifications Displayed at Logon Utilities Used to Check Strength of Passwords Accessing Information Services This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page. Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to – Modify default user settings to ensure that they conform to security policy Previously created user settings are modified to ensure they conform to updated security policy Ensure legal notices displayed at logon are appropriate Appropriate utilities are used to check strength of passwords and consider tightening rules for password complexity Emails are monitored to uncover breaches in compliance with legislation information services are accessed to identify security gaps and take appropriate action using hardware and software or patches Learning Instructions: 1. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide. 2. Follow the instructions described below 3 to 6. 3. -
All About “Spam”
All about “Spam” Email continues to be by far the most important service for Internet users1. Billions of messages are transferred every day. Unfortunately, as every user is well aware, a proportion of this traffic is unsolicited and unwanted advertising. This is often called2 “spam”3 in memory of the Monty Python sketch from the 1970s4 where a group of Vikings sat in a café and incessantly chanted “spam, spam, spam, spam…” and eventually drowned out all other conversation. The nature and cost of spam Sending and receiving email is very cheap and it is tempting to see spam as an ecologically friendly alternative to the paper based “junk mail” delivered in daily batches to most households and businesses. However, the cost should not be measured in the fractions of a penny that it takes to transmit the bytes down the wire. The real costs of spam are in the time spent by users to sort through the unwanted dross, the size of mail system that Internet Service Providers (ISPs) must provide to store and forward the material, and in the delays to genuine messages caused by the overloading of systems5. These costs run, even conservatively estimated, into billions every year6 Individual emails are often sent “unsolicited”, and there’s no problem with that, the distinction that makes “spam” different – and makes it unacceptable – is that it is sent in bulk (sometimes many millions of copies at a time). It tends to be commercial in nature, often promoting products of dubious legality or taste, or “get rich quick” schemes designed to extract money from the gullible. -
You Have Spam! How to Prevent Your Machines from Being Used to Advertise Get Rich Quick Schemes, Asian Prostitutes and Off-Shore Gambling
You Have Spam! How to prevent your machines from being used to advertise get rich quick schemes, Asian prostitutes and off-shore gambling. MichaelD.Sofka Computing Information Services Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Upstate New York Systems Administrators Guild Slide 1 April 1, 1999, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute [email protected], http://www.rpi.edu/~sofkam/ Notes for slide 1: Imagine you are the administrator of the mail machine at a mid-sized college. • Or, if not the administrator, you are on-call, and a member of the root mail alias. • You get to Friday morning, looking forward to completing some OS upgrades, take • the afternoon off. There are 50 voice-mail messages from people who cannot read their email. Logging • onto the machine you find: { The mail spool is filled, having doubled in size overnight. { The outgoing queue has 10,000 messages in it. { Your mailbox is filled with hundreds of complaints, many of them nasty and vicious, accusing you and the school of all manner of low acts for supporting “spammers.” { And, you find that many places will not accept mail connections from your school because you are harboring “spammers.” Raise your hand if this has this happened to you? If it hasn’t, you’re lucky. • 1 Overview: What is spam? • How does Spam Spread? • Promiscuous Relaying • Server Solutions • Client Solutions • Community Solutions Slide 2 • Conclusion • Spam Resources • Notes for slide 2: A quick overview of the rest of this talk What is spam? A brief history, some terminology. Spam occurs in many forms, we • will be mostly concerned with email spam, or spam-lite.