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Archaeological Deskbased Assessment of Land At Archaeological Deskbased Assessment of land at DOWN ROAD BEXHILL For White Young Green Environmental and client Lorna Richardson BA Archaeological Deskbased Assessment of land at DOWN ROAD BEXHILL Client: White Young Green Environmental Local Authority: Rother District Council NGR: 573435 ,108386 Planning App: Author(s): L.. Richardson Doc Ref: LP0660L-DBA-v1.2 Date: February 08 A trading name of the L P : Partnership Ltd. The Truman Brewery | 91 Brick Lane | London, E1 6QL | +44 [0]20 7 770 6045 | +44 [0]20 7 691 7245 www.lparchaeology.com TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Figures Table of Plates Table of Appendices Abstract 1. Introduction and Scope of Study 2. Planning Background 3. Geology and Topography 4. Archaeological and Historical Background 5. Site Conditions and the Proposed Redevelopment 6. Summary and Conclusions DOC REF: LP0660L-DBA-v1.2 TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1 - Site Location General Figure 2 - Site Location Detail Figure 3 - Prehistoric and Roman Activity Figure 4 - Medieval and Post Medieval Activity Figure 5 - Speed's Map of Sussex 1610 Figure 6 - Ordnance Survey 1st Edition 1899 Figure 7 - Ordnance Survey 1909 Figure 8 - Ordnance Survey 1930 TABLE OF APPENDICES Appendix 1 - Sources Consulted DOC REF: LP0660L-DBA-v1.2 Abstract A site located at Down Road, Bexhill is proposed for redevelopment. This report contains results of cartographic, archaeological, and documentary research into the site undertaken by L – P : Archaeology on behalf of WYGE. The site does not contain any scheduled monuments or listed buildings. The site does not fall within a council designated Conservation Area. The immediate vicinity of the site did not see extensive activity during the Prehistoric or Roman periods. During the Early Medieval period a manorial complex was established in the hamlet of Bexhill, and a church was constructed by the early 12th century. Settlement remained small and scattered in scale throughout the Medieval and early post – Medieval period. The town of Bexhill – on – Sea developed out of a collection of small hamlets, scattered farmsteads and the main village with extensive new construction during the late Victorian and Edwardian period. The site area remained as common land until the early 20th century, at which point housing and a church were constructed close to the Down Road site. Given the distance of the site from the established settlement centre at Old Town Bexhill and the maintenance of the area as common land, the potential for significant archaeological remains being present on the study site is considered low. DOC REF: LP0660L-DBA-v1.2 1. Introduction and Scope of Study 1.1.This archaeological desk based assessment has been researched and prepared by Lorna Richardson of L - P : Archaeology on behalf of WYGE. 1.2.The report considers land at Down Road, Bexhill. The local authority is the Rother District Council. The site is centred at National Grid Reference 573435,108386 (Figure 1) and is approximately . 1.3.The site is currently proposed for redevelopment although detailed proposals for the development were not available at the time of writing. 1.4.This assessment draws together the available archaeological, topographical and land use information in order to clarify the archaeological potential of the site. 1.5. The site at Down Road does not fall within the Bexhill Conservation Area and does not contain any Scheduled Monuments. There are a number of archaeological find spots in the study area and some archaeological works have been undertaken in the town during other construction work. 1.6.This assessment also comprises an examination of the East Sussex Sites and Monuments Record (SMR), local excavations and watching briefs, topographic information and a map regression exercise. 1.7.The information is also based on the results of documentary and cartographic research as well as published and unpublished literature. The study area for the site is within a 1km radius of the proposed development at Down Road. 1.8.The assessment seeks to address the following issues: To assess the potential archaeology on this site To assess the survival of potential archaeology To assess the impact of the proposed development on this potential DOC REF: LP0660L-DBA-v1.2 2. Planning Background 2.1.In November 1990 the Department of the Environment issued PPG 16, “Archaeology and Planning”. This document provides guidance for planning authorities, property owners, developers and others on the preservation and investigation of archaeological remains. 2.2.In considering any planning application for development the local planning authority, the Rother District Council, is bound by the policy frameworks provided by Planning Policy Guidance Note 16 (PPG 16), and the Rother District Local Plan (adopted June 2006). The Rother District Local Plan does not detail specific policies pertaining to archaeology and makes reference to the specific contained with the East Sussex Structure Plan. The relevant policies contained within the Structure Plan are reproduced below for clarity: EN22 Provision should be made for the identification, recording, safeguarding,investigation and preservation, preferably “in situ”, or, where not feasible, by record, of all archaeological sites (including those of maritime interest) and monuments and historic and listed buildings. EN23 Sites and features of demonstrable historical or archaeological importance and their settings, including ancient monuments, listed buildings, conservation areas, historic parks and gardens, battlefields and other historic features will be protected from inappropriate changes and development. EN24 Development proposals affecting known archaeological sites or areas of potential archaeological interest should be accompanied by an assessment, based on a field evaluation, of their archaeological implications before decisions on applications for planning permission can be made. 2.3.In accordance with best practice and government guidance, the client has requested this report at the earliest stage in order to be fully informed of any archaeological issues that may be encountered during any planning application process and subsequent development. DOC REF: LP0660L-DBA-v1.2 3. Geology and Topography 3.1.GEOLOGY 3.1.1. The British Geological Survey GeoIndex (BGS 12/12/07) lists the geology of Bexhill as located on the Hastings Beds, which comprise interbedded sands, soft sandstones and clays, with superficial deposits of alluvium. 3.1.2. It should be emphasised that this data is at a relatively low resolution. Further geotechnical information should be consulted as it becomes available to further refine the picture of geological deposits on the site. 3.2.TOPOGRAPHY 3.2.1. Bexhill lies 45 metres above sea level on the edge of the High Weald. The High Weald is characterized by a complex of ridges and steep stream valleys. Patchworks of fields, hedges and dense woodland with the roads and main settlements run along the ridge ways and narrow winding lanes link small villages and hamlets. 3.2.2. Bexhill itself is a triangle shaped area of high ground with the Watermill Stream to the north, Combe Haven valley to the east and the Pevensey Levels to the west. It has steep slopes protecting three sides and a ridge running eastwards along Hastings Road. A low undulating ridge separates Bexhill Old Town from Bexhill Down and higher ground to the north. 3.2.3. The site is located to the north of the A259, and lies immediately south east of the junction of Newlands Avenue and Down Road in northern Bexhill. The site at Down Road is generally level at an estimated elevation of 20m above Ordnance Datum. DOC REF: LP0660L-DBA-v1.2 4. Archaeological and Historical Background 4.1.TIMESCALES USED IN THIS REPORT: PERIOD FROM TO PREHISTORIC PALAEOLITHIC 450,000 12,000 BC MESOLITHIC 12,000 4,000 BC NEOLITHIC 4,000 1,800 BC BRONZE AGE 1,800 600 BC IRON AGE 600 43 AD HISTORIC ROMAN 43 410 AD EARLY MEDIEVAL 410 1066 AD MEDIEVAL 1066 1485 AD POST MEDIEVAL 1485 PRESENT 4.2.Examination of data from cartographic records, the East Sussex SMR and various published and unpublished sources suggest the site lies in an area that contains potential for archaeology from most periods. 4.3.It is not the aim of this assessment to present a complete history of Bexhill from earliest time, nor is it the intention of this report to examine every artefact found in the local area. Rather, the aim of this assessment is to review the data available and to use this to construct a model of the potential archaeology of the specific study site. 4.4.PREHISTORIC 4.4.1. The majority of evidence from Prehistoric periods within the SMR is found over 1km to the south of the site, where archaeological investigations have revealed settlement activity beginning in the Mesolithic. 4.4.2. The relative lack of Prehistoric evidence in the immediate area is likely representative of both a lack of archaeological investigation and the destruction of Prehistoric remains during Post Medieval development. DOC REF: LP0660L-DBA-v1.2 PALAEOLITHIC 4.4.3. There are no recorded finds within the SMR dating from the Palaeolithic period, although some scattered finds of Palaeolithic material are known from the Rother River Valley (Woodcock 1978). 4.4.4. In light of this the potential for remains dating to the Palaeolithic period being present on the study site is considered to be low.Mesolithic MESOLITHIC 4.4.5. Mesolithic worked flint was found during trial trenching near Bexhill West railway station in Terminus Road in 2005 (EES14302). 4.4.6. A Mesolithic tranchet axe was found in the area of the dismantled railway north east of the Down Lane although the date and exact location are not recorded (MES129). 4.4.7. The area was likely to have been heavily forested and used for hunting activities, during this period, with settlement on higher ground.
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