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Cisco IP Telephony Solution Reference Network Design (SRND) Cisco Callmanager Release 4.1 April 2005

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Cisco IP Telephony Solution Reference Network Design (SRND) Cisco Callmanager Release 4.1 April 2005 Cisco IP Telephony Solution Reference Network Design (SRND) Cisco CallManager Release 4.1 April 2005 Corporate Headquarters Cisco Systems, Inc. 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, CA 95134-1706 USA http://www.cisco.com Tel: 408 526-4000 800 553-NETS (6387) Fax: 408 526-4100 Text Part Number: OL-7447-01 THE SPECIFICATIONS AND INFORMATION REGARDING THE PRODUCTS IN THIS MANUAL ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. ALL STATEMENTS, INFORMATION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS IN THIS MANUAL ARE BELIEVED TO BE ACCURATE BUT ARE PRESENTED WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. USERS MUST TAKE FULL RESPONSIBILITY FOR THEIR APPLICATION OF ANY PRODUCTS. THE SOFTWARE LICENSE AND LIMITED WARRANTY FOR THE ACCOMPANYING PRODUCT ARE SET FORTH IN THE INFORMATION PACKET THAT SHIPPED WITH THE PRODUCT AND ARE INCORPORATED HEREIN BY THIS REFERENCE. IF YOU ARE UNABLE TO LOCATE THE SOFTWARE LICENSE OR LIMITED WARRANTY, CONTACT YOUR CISCO REPRESENTATIVE FOR A COPY. The Cisco implementation of TCP header compression is an adaptation of a program developed by the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) as part of UCB’s public domain version of the UNIX operating system. All rights reserved. Copyright © 1981, Regents of the University of California. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER WARRANTY HEREIN, ALL DOCUMENT FILES AND SOFTWARE OF THESE SUPPLIERS ARE PROVIDED “AS IS” WITH ALL FAULTS. CISCO AND THE ABOVE-NAMED SUPPLIERS DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THOSE OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT OR ARISING FROM A COURSE OF DEALING, USAGE, OR TRADE PRACTICE. IN NO EVENT SHALL CISCO OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOST PROFITS OR LOSS OR DAMAGE TO DATA ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THIS MANUAL, EVEN IF CISCO OR ITS SUPPLIERS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. CCSP, CCVP, the Cisco Square Bridge logo, Follow Me Browsing, and StackWise are trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc.; Changing the Way We Work, Live, Play, and Learn, and iQuick Study are service marks of Cisco Systems, Inc.; and Access Registrar, Aironet, ASIST, BPX, Catalyst, CCDA, CCDP, CCIE, CCIP, CCNA, CCNP, Cisco, the Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert logo, Cisco IOS, Cisco Press, Cisco Systems, Cisco Systems Capital, the Cisco Systems logo, Cisco Unity, Empowering the Internet Generation, Enterprise/Solver, EtherChannel, EtherFast, EtherSwitch, Fast Step, FormShare, GigaDrive, GigaStack, HomeLink, Internet Quotient, IOS, IP/TV, iQ Expertise, the iQ logo, iQ Net Readiness Scorecard, LightStream, Linksys, MeetingPlace, MGX, the Networkers logo, Networking Academy, Network Registrar, Packet, PIX, Post-Routing, Pre-Routing, ProConnect, RateMUX, ScriptShare, SlideCast, SMARTnet, StrataView Plus, TeleRouter, The Fastest Way to Increase Your Internet Quotient, and TransPath are registered trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the United States and certain other countries. All other trademarks mentioned in this document or Website are the property of their respective owners. The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company. (0502R) Cisco IP Telephony SRND Copyright © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. CONTENTS Preface xv New or Changed Information for This Release xv Revision History xvi Obtaining Documentation xvi Cisco.com xvi Ordering Documentation xvi Documentation Feedback xvii Obtaining Technical Assistance xvii Cisco Technical Support Website xvii Submitting a Service Request xviii Definitions of Service Request Severity xviii Obtaining Additional Publications and Information xviii CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1-1 Overview of Cisco IP Communications Solutions 1-1 Overview of the Cisco IP Telephony Solution 1-2 Cisco IP Network Infrastructure 1-4 Quality of Service 1-4 Call Processing Agent 1-4 Communication Endpoints 1-5 Applications 1-6 Security 1-7 Network Management Tools 1-8 CHAPTER 2 IP Telephony Deployment Models 2-1 Single Site 2-2 Benefits of the Single-Site Model 2-3 Best Practices for the Single-Site Model 2-4 Multi-Site WAN with Centralized Call Processing 2-4 Best Practices for the Centralized Call Processing Model 2-6 Remote Site Survivability 2-6 Voice Over the PSTN as a Variant of Centralized Call Processing 2-9 VoPSTN Using AAR 2-11 VoPSTN Using Dial Plan 2-12 Cisco IP Telephony SRND OL-7447-01 iii Contents Multi-Site WAN with Distributed Call Processing 2-13 Benefits of the Distributed Call Processing Model 2-14 Best Practices for the Distributed Call Processing Model 2-14 Call Processing Agents for the Distributed Call Processing Model 2-15 Clustering Over the IP WAN 2-16 WAN Considerations 2-17 Intra-Cluster Communications 2-17 Failover Between Subscriber Servers 2-18 Cisco CallManager Publisher 2-18 Call Detail Records (CDR) 2-19 Delay Testing 2-19 Error Rate 2-20 Troubleshooting 2-20 Local Failover Deployment Model 2-21 Cisco CallManager Provisioning for Local Failover 2-22 Gateways for Local Failover 2-23 Voicemail for Local Failover 2-23 Music on Hold and Media Resources for Local Failover 2-23 Remote Failover Deployment Model 2-24 Design Considerations for Section 508 Conformance 2-25 CHAPTER 3 Network Infrastructure 3-1 LAN Infrastructure 3-4 LAN Design for High Availability 3-4 Campus Access Layer 3-4 Campus Distribution Layer 3-7 Campus Core Layer 3-9 Network Services 3-10 Power over Ethernet (PoE) 3-19 Category 3 Cabling 3-20 IBM Type 1A and 2A Cabling 3-20 LAN Quality of Service (QoS) 3-21 Traffic Classification 3-22 Interface Queuing 3-23 Bandwidth Provisioning 3-23 Impairments to IP Communications if QoS is Not Employed 3-23 WAN Infrastructure 3-24 WAN Design and Configuration Best Practices 3-24 Deployment Considerations 3-24 Cisco IP Telephony SRND iv OL-7447-01 Contents Guaranteed Bandwidth 3-25 Best-Effort Bandwidth 3-26 WAN Quality of Service (QoS) 3-26 Bandwidth Provisioning 3-28 Traffic Prioritization 3-34 Link Efficiency Techniques 3-36 Traffic Shaping 3-38 Wireless LAN Infrastructure 3-40 WLAN Design and Configuration 3-40 Wireless Infrastructure Considerations 3-41 Wireless AP Configuration and Design 3-44 Wireless Security 3-45 WLAN Quality of Service (QoS) 3-47 Traffic Classification 3-47 Interface Queuing 3-47 Bandwidth Provisioning 3-48 CHAPTER 4 Voice Gateways 4-1 Understanding Cisco Gateways 4-1 Cisco Access Analog Gateways 4-1 Cisco Access Digital Trunk Gateways 4-2 Gateway Selection 4-2 Core Feature Requirements 4-2 Gateway Protocols 4-3 Gateway Protocols and Core Feature Requirements 4-5 DTMF Relay 4-5 Supplementary Services 4-6 Cisco CallManager Redundancy 4-8 Site-Specific Gateway Requirements 4-10 QSIG Support 4-17 Fax and Modem Support 4-18 Gateway Support for Fax Pass-Through and Cisco Fax Relay 4-18 Gateway Support for Modem Pass-Through 4-19 Supported Platforms and Features 4-20 Platform Protocol Support 4-21 Gateway Combinations and Interoperability of Features 4-22 Feature Support Between Similar Gateways 4-23 Gateway Configuration Examples 4-23 Cisco IOS Gateway Configuration 4-23 Cisco IP Telephony SRND OL-7447-01 v Contents Cisco VG248 Configuration 4-24 Cisco CallManager Configuration for Cisco IOS Gateways 4-25 Clock Sourcing for Fax and Modem Pass-Through 4-27 T.38 Fax Relay 4-27 Loose Gateway Controlled with Network Services Engine (NSE) 4-27 Gateway Controlled with Capability Exchange Through H.245 or Session Definition Protocol (SDP) 4-28 Call-Agent-Controlled T.38 with H.323 Annex D and MGCP 4-29 CHAPTER 5 Cisco CallManager Trunks 5-1 H.323 Trunks 5-2 Intercluster Trunk (Non-Gatekeeper Controlled) 5-2 Intercluster Trunk (Gatekeeper Controlled) 5-2 H.225 Trunk (Gatekeeper Controlled) 5-3 Gatekeeper Trunk Redundancy, Resilience, and Load Balancing 5-3 H.323 Trunks with Media Termination Points 5-7 SIP Trunks with Media Termination Points 5-8 H.323 Operation in Cisco CallManager 5-8 CHAPTER 6 Media Resources 6-1 Voice Termination Resources 6-1 Medium and High Complexity Mode 6-2 Flex Mode 6-2 DSP Resources for Voice Termination 6-3 Conferencing, Transcoding, and MTP Resources 6-7 Conferencing 6-8 Transcoding 6-8 Media Termination Point (MTP) 6-9 Hardware Resources for MTP, Conferencing, and Transcoding 6-10 Allocating Resources to Voice Termination or a DSP Farm 6-12 Calculating DSP Requirements for NM-HDV 6-13 Platform Support of DSP Resources 6-13 Software Conferencing 6-14 Annunciator 6-15 Cisco IP Voice Media Streaming Application 6-16 Conferencing Guidelines and Application Scenarios 6-17 Conferencing Guidelines for All Deployment Models 6-17 Conferencing Guidelines for Single-Site Deployments 6-17 Conferencing Guidelines for Multi-Site WAN Deployments with Centralized Call Processing 6-18 Cisco IP Telephony SRND vi OL-7447-01 Contents Media Resource Groups and Lists 6-20 Media Resource Allocation in Cisco CallManager 6-20 Conferencing Guidelines for Multi-Site WAN Deployments with Distributed Call Processing 6-21 Software MTP Resources 6-23 Transcoding Guidelines and Application Scenarios 6-23 Single-Site Deployments 6-23 Multi-Site WAN Deployments with Centralized Call Processing 6-23 Multi-Site WAN Deployments with Distributed Call Processing 6-25 IP PSTN Access 6-26 CHAPTER 7 Music on Hold 7-1 Deployment Basics of MoH 7-2 Unicast and Multicast MoH 7-2 Coresident and Standalone MoH Servers 7-3 Fixed and Audio File MoH Sources 7-3 MoH Server as Part of the Cisco CallManager Cluster 7-4 Basic MoH and MoH Call Flows 7-5 Basic MoH 7-5 User and Network
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