Environmental Impact Assessement and Environmental Management Plan For

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSEMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR

THE EXPANSION OF THE DHARAMTAR JETTY FACILITIES

Project Proponent JSW Dharamtar Port Private Limited An ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004 & IS 18001:2007 Company

Environmental Consultant

FEE FINE ENVIROTECH ENGINEERS, 102, Hiren Industrial Estate, Mogul Lane, Mahim MECON LIMITED (W), Mumbai 400 016 (A Govt. of India Enterprise)

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

CONTENTS

Sl. Description Page No. No.

1. INTRODUCTION 1 – 1 to 1 – 4

2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2 – 1 to 2 – 12

3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 3 – 1 to 3 – 59

4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION 4 – 1 to 4– 21 MEASURES

5. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME 5 – 1 to 5 – 7

6. ADDITIONAL STUDIES 6 – 1 to 6 – 18

7. PROJECT BENEFITS 7 –1 to 7– 2

8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 8 –1 to 8 – 17

9. SUMMARY & CONCLUSION 9 – 1

10. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT ENGAGED 10 – 1 to 10-6

(i) JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

INDEX TO MOE&F TOR COVERAGE IN THE EIA REPORT

Sl. ToR points given by Coverage in EIA Report Remarks no. MoE&F i. Submit the details of Refer Chapter 3 compliance of conditions of Environmental Clearance ii. Submit HTL/LTL map Report prepared by National prepared by am auhorized Institute of Oceanography, Goa agency on 1:4000 scale is enclosed separately along superimposed with project the EIA Report layout. Submit recommendation of Maharashtra CZMA iii. Submit details of the Refer Chapter 8 mangrove area, along with conservation/ construction activity shall be carried out within 50m of mangroves. iv. Submit the likely impact on Refer Chapter 4 marine flora and fauna due Page No 4-15 to the enhanced traffic/ bringing higher capacity barges in the creek v. Submit details of the likely Refer Chapter 4 impact on the creek adjacent Page No 4-14 to the facility vi. Details of the project Refer Chapter 2 components, channel, jetty vii. Details of the ships/ barges Refer Chapter 2 to be handled. viii. Details of dredging, disposal Refer Chapter 2 and reclamation. Page No 2-9 to 2-10 ix. Submit Oil Spill Contingency Refer Chapter 6 Plan Page No 6-6 to 6-8 x. The port shall ensure that Refer Chapter 4 & 8 the ships under operation Page No 4-15 & 8-7 follow the MARPOL convention regarding discharge or spillage of any toxic, hazardous or polluting material like ballast water,

(ii) JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Sl. ToR points given by Coverage in EIA Report Remarks no. MoE&F oily water or sludge, sewage , garbage etc xi. Details of solid waste and Refer Chapter 8 management Page No 8-3 to 8-4 xii. Details of water requirement, Refer Chapter 2 source, waste water Page No 2-11 treatment and disposal xiii. Submit details of Refer Chapter 8 Environmental Management Plan and Environmental Monitoring Plan with parameters and cost xiv. Submit details of Risk Refer Chapter 6 Assessment, Disaster Management Plan including emergency evacuation during natural and man made disaster like floods, cyclone, tsunami and earth quakes etc. xv. The General guidelines as Shall be followed per the annexure II to this Minute shall also be considered for preparation of EIA/ EMP.

(iii) JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS AND UNITS

Abbreviation / Symbol / Unit Full Form µg/m3 Micrograms per Cubic Meter AAQ Ambient Air Quality Ac Acre AGM Asst. General Manager BDL Below Detection Limit BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOD Plant Biological Oxidation & De-Phenolization Plant MPCB Maharashtra Pollution Control Board CBRM Coal Bearing Raw Materials CPCB Central Pollution Control Board CREP Charter on Corporate responsibility for Environmental Protection D/s Downstream dB(A) Decibels DGM Deputy General Manager DMP Disaster Management Plan Drg Drawing DWT Dead Weight Tonnage EC Electrical Conductivity ED Executive Director EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EMD Environment Management Department Fig Figure g/m2/d Grams per Square meter Per Day g/s Grams per Second GCA Gross Cropped Area GHG Green house gas GM General Manager ha Hectare HVAS High Volume Air Sampler IBRM Iron Bearing Raw Materials

(iv) JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Abbreviation / Symbol / Unit Full Form IMD India Meteorological Department Kcal/Nm3 Kilo calorie per normal meter cube km Kilometer km/hr Kilometer per Hour km2 Square Kilometer l liter Leq Log Equivalent m Meter m/s Meters per Second m2 Square Meter m2/s Square Meters per Second m3 Cubic Meters m3/d Cubic Meters per day m3/h Cubic Meters per hour mc Machine MEC/MECON MECON Ltd meq/gm Mille Equivalents per Gram mg/l Milligrams Per Liter mg/Nm3 Milligrams per normal meter cube mm Millimeter Mm3 Million Cubic Meters MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. Of India MPN Most Probable Number MT Million Tonnes MTPA Million Tonnes per Annum MWe Mega Watt Electricity NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards Nm3 normal meter cube NOx Oxides of Nitrogen NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Units Pb Lead PF Protected Forest PP Power plant

(v) JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Abbreviation / Symbol / Unit Full Form QOL Quality of Life qtl/ac Quintal per acre R & D Research and Development R & R Rehabilitation and Resettlement RDS Respirable Dust Sampler RF Reserved Forest ROW Right Of Way RPM Respirable Particulate Matter SEZ Special Economic Zone

SO2 Sulphur Dioxide SPM Suspended Particulate Matter SPV Special Purpose Vehicle Sq Square t Tones t/m2/h Tones per meter square per hour TPA/tpa Tonnes per annum tpd Tonnes Per Day U/s Upstream UKC Under Keel Clearance

(vi) JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

1.0 INTRODUCTION

JSW Group is one of the fastest growing business conglomerates with a strong presence in the core economic sector. JSW Group has diversified interests in Steel, Energy, Minerals and Mining, Aluminium, Infrastructure, Cement and Information Technology. JSW Steel has production facilities at Selam, Tamilnadu and Dolvi, Maharashtra to become one of the largest private steel producer in the country.

JSW Infrastructure Ltd (JSWIL) is a JSW Group company which is involved into design, finance, development, operation and maintenance of ports, rail/road and inland water connectivity, development of port based SEZ and other related infrastructure developments works along with terminal handling operations and port management.

JSW Dharamtar Port Private Limited (JSWDPPL) is a Special Purpose Vehicle under the aegis of JSWIL, to handle the proposed EXIM cargo of the JSW Steel Limited, Dolvi works.

JSW Steel Plant, Dolvi Works, Maharashtra, at present produces about 3.2 MTPA of steel and generates 55 MW of power, which together involves handling of about 8.24 MTPA of cargos. Raw material for steel making is received at the existing 331.5 m Jetty owned and operated by JSWDPPL. To cater to the increase in the cargo to be handled at the jetty due to proposed expansion of the steel plant at 10 MTPA, it is proposed to expand the existing 331.5m jetty to 1750m.

JSWDPPL has submitted Form-I to Ministry of Environment & Forest for prescribing Terms of Reference (TOR) for expansion of the Dharamtar Jetty facilities at Dolvi , Maharashtra. The following TOR has been finalised during the 129th Expert Appraisal Committee (Infrastructure and Miscellaneous & CRZ) of Ministry of Environment & Forest held on 26th to 27th December, 2013 for preparation of EIA/EMP report for the expansion project.

 Submit the details of compliance of conditions of Environmental Clearance  Submit HTL/LTL map prepared by an auhorized agency on 1:4000 scale superimposed with project layout. Submit recommendation of Maharashtra CZMA  Submit details of the mangrove area, along with conservation/ construction activity shall be carried out within 50m of mangroves.  Submit the likely impact on marine flora and fauna due to the enhanced traffic/ bringing higher capacity barges in the creek  Submit details of the likely impact on the creek adjacent to the facility  Details of the project components, channel, jetty  Details of the ships/ barges to be handled.  Details of dredging, disposal and reclamation.  Submit Oil Spill Contingency Plan

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

 The port shall ensure that the ships under operation follow the MARPOL convention regarding discharge or spillage of any toxic, hazardous or polluting material like ballast water, oily water or sludge, sewage , garbage etc  Details of solid waste and management  Details of water requirement, source, waste water treatment and disposal  Submit details of Environmental Management Plan and Environmental Monitoring Plan with parameters and cost  Submit details of Risk Assessment, Disaster Management Plan including emergency evacuation during natural and man-made disaster like floods, cyclone, tsunami and earth quakes etc.  The General guidelines as per the annexure II to this Minute shall also be considered for preparation of EIA/ EMP.

1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT

In pursuance of Government of India policy vide Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986, any expansion project necessitates statutory prior environmental clearance in accordance with the objectives of National Environmental policy as approved by the Union Cabinet on 18th May, 2006 and MoEF EIA Notification dated 14.09.06, by preparing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report. In view of the above, the EIA report has been prepared taking into consideration the requirement and guidelines of statutory bodies and also client’s requirement.

The objective of the EIA study report is to take stock of the prevailing quality of environment, to assess the impacts of proposed industrial activity on environment and to plan appropriate environmental control measures to minimise adverse impacts and to maximise beneficial impacts of proposed project. The following major objectives have been considered:

 Assess the existing status of environment.  Additional impacts if any due to the proposed expansion.  Suggest additional pollution control and ameliorative measures to minimize/reduce the impacts.  Prepare an action plan for implementation of suggested ameliorative measures.  Suggest a monitoring programme to assess the efficacy of the various adopted environmental control measures.  Assess financial considerations for suggested environmental control plans.  Clearances from statutory authorities

1.2 NATURE OF THE PROJECT The proposed project is expansion of the existing jetty facilities. The existing jetty of 331.5m would be extended to 1750m including all associated loading, unloading and handling facilities

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra for the cargo for the Steel Plant. The facility would include storage yard on the land and conveyance from the Jetty to the storage yard and from the storage yard to the steel plant. The storage yard would be designed for storing 24 days requirement as storage. The facility also include the equipment at the berth and the storage yard

1.3 IMPORTANCE OF THE PROJECT

The existing berthing facility at Dharamtar is for handling of barges; originally designed for handling barges up to 2500 DWT. Presently barges up to 3700 DWT are handled at the berths, with better berthing fcailities. There are 4 berths (Berth no 1 to 4) totaling to about 331.5 m.

Presently a simple logistic chain is followed for Dharamtar facility. As the first link of the transportation chain, the mother vessels are moored at the Mumbai Offshore anchorage in the fair weather and Inner Anchorage opposite Nhava Island in the monsoon. Mid-stream, the mother ships load the barges using ship’s gears. The barges then move in to the creek and travel to the berth and gets unloaded. The material is unloaded using 2 barge unloaders and 2 Mobile Harbour Cranes and sent to the plant storage through the jetty and the cross country conveyors. There is no storage at the berth.

The steel plant at JSW Steel Limited, Dolvi Works, Maharashtra, proposes to expand its manufacturing capacity from existing 3.2 million tons to about 10 million tons capacity per annum in a period of 2 to 3 years.

Consequently, the import cargo volume would rise from 8.24 MTPA to 28.60 MTPA and export volumes from 1.45 MTPA to 4.35 MTPA. Thus the total cargo to be handled would increase from present 9.69 MTPA to about 33.95 MTPA. To improve the efficiency, productivity and quality of the jetty services for the increasing demands of raw material it is necessary to increase the length of the existing berth of 331.5 m to 1750m.

In order to cater to increase inbound and outbound traffic an elaborate logistic simulation study carried out by M/s Zebec Marine, Mumbai, recommend use of 105,000 DWT or larger vessels as mother vessels and 8000 DWT barges (RSV4) for the lighterage operation either from the Mumbai outer anchorage in the fair-weather and Jaigarh port in the monsoon, or entirely from the Jaigarh port.

1.4 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT

The Jetty facility is meant to be used exclusively for the captive cargo of the steel plant at Dolvi Works and other associated facilities, like Coke Oven (M/s Amba River Coke Limited) Sinter Plants and palletization plant etc. These facilities are located at Latitude 180 42’ 19’’ N and Longitude 730 1’ 42” E. The site is located 22 km upriver from the mouth of Amba river, SE of the Mumbai Port.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

1.5 BASIC DATA GENERATION, FIELD STUDIES AND DATA COLLECTION

This report has been prepared on the basis of one full season baseline environmental data generated by MECON during December, 2012 to February, 2013 by field study for expansion of steel plant and also during TOR presentation, permission to use the same data for expansion of jetty was taken from MoE&F. The data includes meteorological conditions, ambient air quality, noise, water quality and soil quality. Site survey has been conducted for studying the flora and fauna, socio-economic conditions including public consultation, land use, hydrology, geology, ecology etc. Additional information is also collected from several agencies and departments, both under State and Central Governments pertaining to above.

The collected data have been analysed in detail for identifying, predicting and evaluating the environmental impacts of the proposed project. The maximum anticipated impacts on environment are assessed and suitable environmental management plan has been suggested.

A part of the study was carried out by Fine Envirotech Engineers. The marine ecology and hydrology study of the Dharamtar creek was carried out by experts from the team of Fine Envirotech Engineers. The same was adopted in the present report.

1.6 REPORT COVERAGE

This report contains information on the existing environment and evaluates the predicted environmental and socio-economic impacts of the proposed plant. A detailed coverage of background environmental quality, pollution sources, anticipated environmental impacts (including socio-economic impacts) and mitigation measures, environmental monitoring programme, additional studies, project benefits, environmental monitoring plan and all related aspects have been covered in this report.

The report including this introduction chapter includes:

 Project Description  Description of the Environment  Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures  Environmental Monitoring Programme  Additional Studies: Risk Assessment Studies & DMP  Project Benefits  Environmental Management Plan (EMP)  Summary and Conclusion  Disclosure of Consultant engaged

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2. 1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

JSWSL produces about 3.3 MTPA of steel and generates 55 MW of power, which together involves handling of about 9.69 MTPA of raw materials. Raw material is currently received at the existing 331.5 m jetty, owned and operated by JSWDPPL. JSWSL has proposed to increase the plant capacity to 10 MTPA which will require a raw material of 33.95 MTPA. The on-going expansion of the steel plant will trigger expansion of the captive port to handle the increased raw material requirements.

The existing barge handling facility at Dharamtar was originally designed for barge sizes of 2500 DWT and presently is handling barges up to 3700 DWT.

A simple logistic chain presently followed at the Dharamtar facility. For cargo handling in the fair weather, the mother vessels are moored at the Mumbai Offshore anchorage (Bravo East). However, in the monsoon the inner anchorage opposite Nhava Island is used. The mother ships load the barges using ship’s gears. The barges then move in to the creek and travel to the berth and gets unloaded. The material is unloaded using 2 barge unloaders and 2 static Mobile Harbour Cranes and sent to the plant storage through the jetty and the cross country conveyors. Currently, there is no storage at the berth.

2.2 PROJECT LOCATION

The existing captive JSW Dharamtar jetty is located on the right bank of Amba River, 22km from its mouth.

The proposed facilities are located at:-  Latitude: 180 42’ 19’’ North  Longitude: 730 1’ 42” East The jetty is located equidistant about 33 km nautical miles from Jawaharlal Nehru Port and Mumbai Port. The jetty is accessible by road and is 80 km from Mumbai. It is well connected to national highway NH-17 that joins the coastal highway. The region is well connected to railway as well. Pen railway station is in close proximity.

2.3 PROPOSED PROJECT

The JSWSL, Dolvi Works, Maharashtra, proposes to expand its manufacturing capacity from existing 3.3 million tons per annum of steel to 4.7 tons per annum capacity in about 15 months and to about 10 million tons capacity per annum in a period of 2 to 3 years. The proposed expansion will result in the increase in the demand for raw material. The import cargo volume would rise from the present 8.24 MTPA to 28.60 MTPA and export cargo from 1.45 MTPA to 5.35 MTPA, with the final expansion. Thus the total cargo to be handled would increase from present 9.69 MTPA to 33.95 MTPA. Detail of the cargo handling in phases is depicted in Table 2 - 1. To improve the efficiency, productivity and quality of the jetty services for the increasing demands of raw material it is necessary to increase the existing 331. 5 m long berth to 1750m.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

In order to cater to increase inbound and outbound traffic an elaborate logistic simulation study carried out by M/s Zebec Marine, Mumbai, the study recommend use of 105,000 DWT or larger vessels as mother vessels and 8000 DWT barges for the lighterage operation either from the Mumbai outer anchorage in the fair-weather and Jaigarh port in the monsoon, or entirely from the Jaigarh port.

Figure 2 - 1: Location of the Dolvi facility

JNPT

Dolvi

Jaigarh Port

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Figure 2 - 2: The existing barge berthing facility at Dharamtar

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Table 2 - 1: Quantity of Cargo proposed to be handled at the jetty in phases Commodities Quantities of cargo to be handled at the jetty Steel Plant capacity 3.3 Million TPA 4.7 Million TPA 10.0 Million TPA Phase Existing jetty Phase – II Phase – III INBOUND CARGO IBRM 5.45 8.67 17 CBRM 1.53 2.95 8.0 Fluxes 0.90 1.59 3.0 Clinker 0.36 0.1.08 0.6 Sub Total 8.24 14.29 28.60 OUTBOUND CARGO

HR coil, Sheets, CR coil in 0.5 1.0 2.5 containers, other steel products HR coil only Cement 0.5 1.0 1.0 Slag 0.45 0.6 1.0 Container - - 0.85 Sub Total 1.45 2.60 5.35 Grand Total 9.69 16.89 33.95

2.4 DEVELOPMENTAL PHASES

2.4.1 Existing Operations (Phase – I)

Present capacity of the steel plant is 3.3 MTPA that requires about 8.24 MTPA of raw materials annually. The present jetty is about 331.5 m long and is designated as berth 1 to 4.

The raw material at present is handled using 2 barge unloaders on rail and two static Mobile Harbour Cranes.

2.4.2 Phase – II Expansions

The phase-II operations would involve enhancement of the steel plant capacity from the existing 3.3 MTPA to 4.7 MTPA. This enhancement in the steel plant capacity would impact the volume of the raw material to be imported from present 8.24 MTPA to 14.29 MTPA and finished product to be exported from 1.45 MTPA to 2.6 MTPA. Since the current facilities could not be upgraded to handle this cargo, it is proposed to construct a new berth of 718.5 m long, taking the total length of the berth to 1050 m. In addition, to allow seamless delivery of products taking care of the uncertainty in cargo arrival and despatch, and keep the steel plant running, it is decided to do away with the direct delivery to the plant, and maintain intermediate storage at the port. Further, with the increased cargo volumes direct transfer to the plant would not be a viable option. Accordingly, about 53 ha back up storage area would be required for the same in this phase. The equipment and the material handling systems for this phase are depicted in Table 2 - 2 below.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

2.4.3 Phase – III Operations

In this phase the steel plant capacity would go up to 10 MTPA. The total raw material requirements also would accordingly go up to 28.6 MTPA. Including the export cargo, approximately 33.95 MTPA of cargo would be required to be handled. Additional 700 m of berth would be required to be constructed in this phase, taking the total length of the berth to 1750 m. In tandem, the backup area requirement would go up to 84 ha from the 53 ha required in phase II. The list of equipments in various phases is given in Table 2 - 2.

Dismantling/strengthening/rehabilitating/rebuilding of the existing berths and the handling systems for the existing 331.5 m berth also would be taken up at this stage. These berths would be either retrofitted or rebuilt for handling all types of cargo including export cargo of containers and coils.

Table 2 - 2: List of equipment in various phases Steel Plant 3.3 MTPA 4.7 MTPA 10.0 MTPA Capacity Phase Existing Phase I Phase – II Phase – III Expansion Operation Barge Unloaders 2 (existing) 4 – 1000 TPH (Avg.) - 2 – 1000 TPH (Avg.) New – New

Material Handlers 2 Existing MHCs to be - - replaced by 2 new MHs

Jetty Conveyors Repairs 2 conveyors of 1800 2 conveyors of TPH 1800 TPH

Yard Conveyors - As required As required

Stacker cum - 3 nos. stackers and 6 1 stacker Reclaimers nos. reclaimers

Cross Country Existing New one will be Refurbish/replace conveyors installed old one

2.4.4 Railway Siding

Railway yard at Dharamtar port will eventually consist of two group of lines:

One group of lines will exclusively cater for the dedicated stock meant for handling the export cargo from Plant to Port for onward dispatch by barges/ships. This system will consist of two stabling lines one Engine escape line and one 15 m wide stacking platform for each of the stabling line.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Another group will be meant to handle raw materials coming to plants for production of steel and power. Initially this group of lines will be laid with only three (3) lines and two stacking platforms. Of the initially laid three (3) lines two will be stabling lines and one will be utilized as engine escape line. However, as the traffic grows, four (4) additional lines will be constructed in suitable phases to match the production of steel in the plant. These additional four (4) lines will also be provided with a stacking platform each of approximately 15 m width.

This level of traffic will necessitate JSW to have their own Locos for placement and removal of rakes. Therefore, facilities will also have to be provided for maintenance of Locos, Track, attachment and removal of sick wagons from the rakes, whenever, such a contingency arises. Thus the Railway yard will consist of approximately 8 lines with suitable facility for maintenance of Loco and Wagon. All lines will be with 775 m Clear Standing Room (CSR).

Track structure will be as per Indian Railway’s practice. A suitable all weather road shall also be provided to allow vehicles handling raw materials can access the stacking platforms and a security vehicle and/Fire Tenders to pass uninterrupted, in the event of any emergency. This will need an area of approximately 75.00 m X 1100.00 m.

2.4.5 Operational logistics

At present a simple logistic chain is adopted for cargo handling at the jetty. In the fair weather mother vessels are moored at the Mumbai Offshore anchorage (Bravo East) while during monsoon the inner anchorage opposite Nhava island is used. The mother ship loads the barges using ship gears. The barges up to 3700 DWT move in to the creek and travel to the berth and get unloaded using barge unloaders and static mobile harbour cranes. The cargo is sent directly to the plant. There is no storage at the jetty.

In the upcoming phases, with an increase in the cargo to be handled at the jetty, a detailed cargo handling logistics have been planned. Ships ranging from Panamax to Cape size shall be harboured and unloaded at the Jaigarh Port or shall be moored at Mumbai offshore anchorage during the fair season. During monsoon the entire operations shall be from Jaigarh Port only.

Barges up to 8000 DWT shall be loaded at Jaigarh Port or Mumbai anchorage at regular intervals. The barges shall travel to the Dharamtar jetty through the creek where they would be unloaded by barge unloaders. The cargo through the conveyor belts shall be transferred to the stacker/ reclaimers and further, as per the requirement at the steel plant shall be transferred to the day bin of the plant through conveyor belts. The conveyor belts shall be of closed type to suppress the dust emission.

2.4.6 Master plan

The main commodities to be handled at the facility include IBRM, CBRM, fluxes, clinker, container, and iron and steel. Other export cargo such as cement, slag, container and HR coils are also considered. Occasional handling of oil also may be there for bunkering purpose. The jetty is aligned along the river bank and to the current. Though there is a small

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

angle between the ebb and the flood flows, the alignment would take care of this without any appreciable set up. In the master plan scenario the length of the berth would be 1750 m.

Behind the berth line a narrow strip of about 20 – 50 m will be reclaimed to widen the working area and enable handling of the export cargo. The proposed reclamation is tested in the mathematical model and was observed that flow dynamics and river morphology remains unaffected.

The terminal layout is as shown in the Figure 2 - 3.

2.4.6.1 Cargo Handling

The port will offer efficient and environmental friendly cargo and vessel handlings. Adequate capacities will be created, maintained and all the berths will be provided with appropriate equipment for handling the cargoes. The import cargo includes Iron Bearing Raw Materials (IBRM), Coal Bearing Raw Materials (CBRM), fluxes, container and clinker. The export cargo will include HR coils, container, cement and slag. In the existing phase the raw materials are directly fed from the port. In the process of expansion, a port backup containing bulk stockyard for the raw materials will be provided behind the berths to increase the efficiency and operational flexibility of raw material handling at the port.

The details of the equipment and the material handling systems operating at the jetty and proposed in the upcoming phases along with the system capacity design are depicted in Table 2 - 2.

2.4.6.2 Land Requirement

The land area required for the port operations and ancillary requirements is planned partially on the reclaimed land. The majority of the stacking area is on the back of the jetty, beyond the shore line. Only a narrow strip of 20 to 50 m wide area has been reclaimed behind the berth in order to allow storage and handling of palletized cargo. Care will be taken to conserve mangroves if any on the bank line. Model studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of the reclamation. It is found that, the effects were marginal and the reclamation is not adversely altering the flow regime of the river. Therefore, the scheme could be implemented without any risk to the river morphology.

Table 2 - 3 show the stockyard requirement of the Dharamtar Port. In the phase-I expansion 53 ha of reclaimed land is required for handling cargo. In the final phase total area 100 ha will be reclaimed. The area includes provision for container stockyard.

Table 2 - 3: Stockyard requirements of the Dharamtar Port Cargo Volume Area Phase Phase II Phase III Phase II Phase III Import Cargo IBRM 8.67 17.35 8 18 CBRM 2.95 5.90 8 18 Fluxes 1.59 3.18 4.5 7

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Clinker 1.08 2.16 4.5 8.5 Sub Total 14.29 28.59 25 51.5 Export Cargo HR Coil 1.0 2.50 2 2 Cement 1.0 1.0 1 1 Slag 0.0 1.0 2 2 Container - 0.85 - 5 Sub Total 2.0 5.85 5 10 Total for Cargo 16.29 34.44 30 61.5 Internal roads and conveyors @10% - - 3.0 6.0 Green Belt and Miscellaneous @ 33 % - - 10 20.3 Railway connectivity 6.2 12.2 Grand Total 43 100

2.4.6.3 Berth Layout The main commodities to be handled at the facility include IBRM, CBRM, Flu es, clinker, container and iron and steel. Other export cargo such as Cement, container, slag, container and HR coils are also considered. The layout is quite simple and the jetty would follow the bank line. The alignment has been proposed parallel to the current directions. Present expansion is to the North for about 720 m. Further the jetty shall be extended by 700m to make the total length of the jetty to 1750m.

Behind the berth line a narrow strip of about 20 – 50 m is reclaimed to widen the working area and enable handling of the export cargo. The terminal planning is as shown in the Figure 2 - 3.

2.4.6.4 Railway Siding The Railway yard will consist of approximately 8 lines with suitable facility for maintenance of Loco and Wagon. All lines will be with 775 m CSR.

Track structure will be as per Indian Railway’s practice. A suitable all weather road shall also be provided to allow security vehicle to pass uninterrupted. This will need an area of approximately 75.00 m X 1100.00 m will be required.

2.4.6.5 Dredged Depth At the berth, a dredged depth of about 5.0 m to CD is required to be created with a MSLW of about 0.45 m; this will afford about 10% under keel clearance at low waters. Since the location is inside a very tranquil and protected environment, this under keel clearance would be sufficient even for the rocky beds.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Figure 2 - 3: Proposed Layout of the Dharamtar Facility

D H A R A M T A R

C R E E K

2.4.6.6 Navigational channel

Barge size of 8000 DWT with length overall (LOA) of 115m, beam of 22m and a draught of 4.8m will navigate in the channel. The channel width and depth were computed as per the guidelines of “Approach Channels – A Guide for Design”, PIANC, Supplement to Bulletin Number 95, 1997. The guidelines also provides necessary directions for computation of the under keel clearance (UKC).

As per PIANC two way channel width of 6 times maximum vessel beam (B) was adopted (132m). At the bends however the width is increased to 7B (154m). As far as the depth of the channel is concerned, based on the PIANC guidelines and the level of tranquillity in the channel, the dredging depth could be calculated as follows;

1. Loaded draught = 4.8 m 2. Under keel clearance from PIANC guidelines = 0.75 m 3. Designing the entry and exist on the MLWS = 0.45 m 4. Hence the dredged depth = 5.1 m, where all the above levels are with respect to Chart Datum.

2.4.6.7 Navigational aspects

Presently barges of capacity 2500 DWT are used for cargo transportation from the mother vessel to the jetties. The operational days in a year can be considered as 330. Barges of 2500 DWT take about 10 trips per day to carry the requisite cargo. With the expansion of the © 2014 MECON Limited. All rights reserved 2- 9

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

steel plant the requirement for the raw material shall increase about 4 times and concurrently there is a need to expand the jetty and deploy barges of higher DWT for cargo transportation. The barges of 8000 DWT would require 11 trips per day after complete expansion of the jetty to cater to about 35 mtpa cargo. The break-up is depicted in the table2-4 below.

Thus there shall not be much change in the number of barges entering the channel. The barges deployed shall adhere to the international standards and necessary mitigation measures would be adopted. The biodiversity and biomass of the creek being low impact on them is envisaged due to the movement of the larger barges in the channel.

Table 2-4: Barge movement in the navigational channel

Phase Barge Size Traffic in Barge* Barge DWT mmtpa trips/year Trips/day

Phase - I 2500 8.24 3246 10 Phase - II 8000 14.29 1786 6 Phase - III 8000 28.60 3575 11

2.4.6.8 Dredging

The borehole information available in the river and creek area shows the following geological sequence over the site:

Dense to Loose Grey Silty sand for about 6 m

Stiff Dark Grey Sandy clay for about 1 - 4 m

Weathered Rock followed by hard rock of basaltic origin

The existence of weathered or hard rock in the river bed is remote for the depth envisaged for the use of the navigational channel (i.e. 5.0m CD). This was confirmed by the Geo- physical study carried out along the navigational channel. Borehole data available along the channel also confirms the findings of the geo-physical survey.

As indicated above for navigation of 8000 DWT barges (loaded draught of 4.8 m) 5 m dredging below the chart datum would be necessary. This depth would ensure movement of the design vessels and handle the required cargo of Phase III, i.e. about 33.95 million tons per annum. The dredging requirements in the navigational channel based on the above stipulation would work out to about 5.4 million cubic meters. In addition to the navigational channel, the vessel waiting area, and turning area is included in the dredging plan. Total dredging quantity of about 6 million cum may be obtained from this development. Subjected to environmental clearance, the material obtained from dredging would be disposed behind

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

the proposed berths, so that export cargo such as HR coils could be stored behind the berth, before loading on to the barges. This will help the loading operation of these palletized cargoes. There is a patch of rocky strata in front of the existing jetty; the dredging of this area would have to be carried out using controlled blasting or other suitable methodology. There are no other rocky patches found in the vicinity.

2.4.6.9 Reclamation

The reclamation of area behind the proposed berth is proposed. This would enable use of the dredged spoils more purposefully and environmental friendly manner. Though there is earmarked disposal ground of the dredged material, off the Mumbai port channel, the disposal of dredged spoil will always have impact on the marine flora and fauna. It is therefore often proposed to dispose the material on land or in side confined area (enclosed in side embankments) along the coast line. This in addition to containing the effects on the marine flora and fauna would create additional land for development. This will also have a marked effect on the turbidity levels in the creek and prevent spreading of materials in to the navigation channel. Therefore it is proposed to reclaim behind the berths and away from the mangroves, using the dredged spoils, subject to the results of the mathematical model study on the effect of the reclamation on the river morphology.

2.4.6.10 Port Buildings

The port buildings would mainly consist of the following

 Administration building  Operational building  Electrical building  Maintenance building  Gate Complex

The administration building would consist of administration, finance department, planning and environmental department, canteen etc.

Maintenance building would consist of workshop and stores, service facilities for mechanical and electrical equipment, electrical rooms etc.

2.5 UTILITY REQUIREMENTS

2.5.1 Road The National Highway NH-17 (Mumbai-Goa) passes on the east side of the site. State Highway also passes on the north side of the site. Mumbai city is located at about 68 km on the North-West side of the site.

2.5.2 Railways The nearest railway station Pen is about 8 km from the site and is located in the east on the Konkan Railway Mumbai - Mangalore main line. A railway siding to the jetty is proposed from Pen station.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

2. 5.3 Air Connectivity The nearest Mumbai airport is 80 km from site connected through major road. The proposed Navi-Mumbai International airport is 40 km away from plant site.

2. 5.4 Power The material handling facility at JSWDPPL is fully mechanised. Power would be required for bulk handling equipment, illumination of stock yard, jetty, road, sheds, port building, fire fighting system, dust suppression system, etc. The total power requirement of about 8 MW for the proposed expansion is proposed to be supplied through Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Co. Ltd (MSEDCL) or power supply from JSWSL captive power plant.

2. 5.5 Water The total water requirement for the jetty will be about 800 m3/d. Water shall be required for drinking and domestic purpose, sprinkling at material handling yard and gardening. This water requirement is proposed to be met from the existing allocation to JSWSL from Amba river, Nagothane, K.T. Bandhara. The storage requirement considering 2 days storage is 1600 KL. This water shall be used for fire fighting.

The break-up of the water requirement is as follows:

Sr no. Details Quantity 1 Domestic 50 KLD 2 Sprinkling at the coal yard 650 KLD 3 Gardening 100 KLD 4 Fire fighting 800 KLD (required in case of emergency. Will be stored in the underground tank)

2.5.6 Manpower

After expansion about 180 persons would be required at the jetty. These include skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled works. Manpower shall be appointed from the eligible youth from the villages in the vicinity.

2. 5.7 Sewerage The sewerage load for the project was calculated which works out to 40 KLD. Considering the topography of the project site, the sewerage system is planned as gravity driven towards the low point where STP is planned. The treated sewage water shall be reused for sprinkling. The solid waste shall be disposed as per MPCB norms.

2. 5.8 Navigational Aids The terminal will have operations round the clock. The required navigational aids will be provided to enable night navigation. Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) tracking and Vessel Transit Management System also would be deployed, for better management of traffic. Navigational aids will conform to the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities Regulations. © 2014 MECON Limited. All rights reserved 2- 12

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EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

2. 5.9 Fire Fighting System

A fire protection system is proposed to cover the entire facility. The fire protection system shall be designed as per National Building Code (NBC). The main components of the system include:

2.5.9.1 Fire Hydrant system This is the backbone of any fire protection system. A pipeline will be routed around the area as a ring main, and the hydrants will be installed at specified intervals. Along the hydrants, hose cabinets with hoses and branch pipes and hoses will be provided. The hydrant main will be preferably routed underground.

2.5.9.2 Sprinkler system for Admin building For the administrative building it is preferable to provide a sprinkler system. The tapping for sprinkler system will be taken from the nearest main hydrant.

2.5.9.3 Portable extinguishers Portable fire extinguishers will be provided as per the guidelines of IS-2190, across the entire facility.

2.5.9.4 Fire water Pump House The fire water pump house will consist of a motor driven pump, diesel driven pump and a jockey pump to keep the system pressurized at all times. The pumps will use sea water which is abundantly available.

2.5.9.5 Fire Alarm System The fire alarm system shall consist of the following:

 Break glass type manual call Points and hooters  Smoke detectors in the admin building

All the above detectors are connected to solid state electronic Main Fire Alarm Panel (MFAP) located in the control room. When any of the detectors/Manual call point is activated, the Fire alarm panel will sound alarm and alert the personnel concerned. In addition response indicators will be provided in each room to alert the occupants in case of fire.

2. 5.10 Pollution Prevention Equipment The detailed pollution prevention plan will be included in the Environmental Impact Assessment. However the pollution prevention measures and the equipment proposed are as under: 1. Water Sprinklers: for unpaved roads 2. Exhaust silencers: for construction equipment 3. D. G. Set: to be adhering to noise standards of MoEF 4. Dust Suppression: for material cargo prone to dust creation

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Construction materials: -

 Debris will not be allowed to flow into water.  Good Operations & Maintenance practice shall eliminate oil and fuel spills.  Watering periodically of constructed area to minimize fugitive dust generation.  Plantation of trees to prevent atmospheric pollution  Vehicles carrying materials to be covered with tarpaulins to avoid

All the adequate measures shall be taken for dust suppression during loading and unloading activities. The equipments proposed to be installed for dust suppression are depicted in table 2.4 below

Table 2 - 5: Proposed dust suppression equipments to be installed at Dharamtar port

Location Equipment proposed to be installed

Bulk/ Coal Yard Sprinkler System Bulk Limestone Water Fog System Bulk Iron Ore Water Fog System Transfer towers Dry Fog System Mobile Hoppers Water Fog System Railway yard Water Fog System

2. 5.11 Cost of the project

The total estimated cost of the project is approximately Rs. 1671 crores.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt. Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

3.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE BASELINE ENVIRONMENT 3.1 Introduction The EIA determines the environmental consequences of the project prior to construction, assess the impact on environment due to construction, on existing baseline environmental parameters and also importantly on land use and socio-economic parameters. Baseline study is an integral part of EIA study, as it helps to identify the problems/ issues already existing in that area. The entire baseline data has been collected through actual physical surveys and observations, literature surveys, interaction with locals, government agencies and departments.

The establishment of baseline for different environmental components in the designated study area and at the project site has been conducted by field monitoring/investigation for baseline data generation. The data generation was carried out covering Meteorology, Ambient Air Quality, Noise Levels, Water Quality, Land use & Soil Quality, Ecology, Hydrology and Socio-economic features. Besides, additional data/information regarding water availability, ecology, demographic pattern and socio-economic conditions were also collected from various central and state government agencies.

Monitoring surveys of the study area (project area) has been carried out in December 2012 to February 2013 (continuously for 13 weeks). Field monitoring for meteorological conditions, ambient air quality, water quality, noise quality, marine environmental studies etc. has been carried out for one season, which constitutes major section of the baseline environmental studies. In addition to these important parameters, certain aspects like land use, socio-economic studies, etc. are covered during the study period. This information is based on secondary information sources and constitutes remaining part of the baseline environmental studies. As far as the marine sub-bottom profiling data is concerned, actual field data collected for the in the study area using high frequency seismic profilers and carrying out boreholes in the area.

3.2 Project Site and Study Area

For the purpose of Environmental Impact Assessment, the study area has been divided in two (2) zones, namely, (i) The core zone, the existing port site, where expansion is proposed. (ii) The buffer zone, covering an aerial coverage of around 10 km from the center of the core zone.

In the core zone, the impacts on the environment will be larger, needing specific environment mitigation/management plans. It is necessary to evaluate the impacts of the project activities, so that the surrounding area and communities are prevented from adverse impacts. The impact of the project area beyond ten kilometer is considered insignificant, excepting for air emissions, which at time based on the nature of project (Thermal Power plant etc.), needs to be evaluated using mathematical models. The plant and surrounding area (the study area) is marked in Figure 3 - 1. Physiography map of study area is shown in DRG.NO.MEC/Q72F/11/S2/01. Environmental Settings of the Project Site is given in Table 3 - 1.

Table 3- 1: Environmental Settings of the Project Site Latitude Between 18o42’ 17.11’’ N & 18o42’ 51.13’’ N Longitude Between 73o01’ 43.06” E & 73o01’ 24.09” E Elevation above MSL • 1.7 m (Average) Topography of Study Area • Plain Area with slight undulating terrain Nearest State Highway • NH 17 (Mumbai to Goa) passes near east side of plant boundary. Nearest Railway Station • The nearest Railway Station PEN is about 8.0 km from plant Air Port • Mumbai airport is 80 km away and proposed Navi Mumbai International airport is 40 km away. Ecological Sensitive Areas • No Wild Life Sanctuary (WLS) / National Park / Biosphere Reserve within 10 km radius. RF / PF in Project Site • No forest land within the Project Site. RF / PF In Study Area Four Reserve Forests exist in 15 km radius area as listed below: • RF near Kharkhara village ( 1 km, E) • RF near Katkariwadi village (5.3 km, NE) • RF near Turmal village (4.6 km, E) • RF near Katvira village (5.1 km, SW) Nearest River / Dam  Amba River 0.80 km W of project site  Bhogeswari river 7.8 km N of project site Seismic Zone Seismic Zone IV – As per Seismic Zone India Map IS:1893 (RSM) 2002 Study Area : Industries Steel, Cement and Tile industries exists within 10 km radius Agro-ecological Zones Hilly Region Forest Type Open Scrub & Mixed Jungle in E & SW direction Average Rain Fall 2177 mm Mean Temperature 17.60C (Mean Minimum) and 34.40C (Mean Maximum)

3.3 Geographic and Geotechnical features

3.3.1 Topography

The terrain of the site is fairly flat with some hillocks as adjacent features of +110 m high above mean sea level (MSL) falling just outside the project boundary. The existing level in proposed area on an average is about + 6 m CD and the highest tide level of the existing creek/river abutting the site is 5.4 m CD.

3.3.2 Geology

Raigad District, formerly known as Kolaba District is situated in the western part of Konkan belt of Maharashtra State along the west coast of India. It lies between 17°52’ and 19°08’ north latitude and 72°51’ and 73°40’ east longitude. The district stretches 160 km from north to south while it ranges 24-48 km from east to west. It forms part of the Konkan coastal low lands and is flanked by Thane District on north, Ratnagiri District on south, Pune and Satara Districts on east and bounded by Arabian Sea on west. The coastline is 250 km long. Raigad District can be divided into three characteristic zones based on topographic features viz. coastal zone, central zone and hilly zone. Though the district forms part of Konkan plains, the topographic set-up is very uneven and rugged. The coastline is characterized by alternative bluffs and curved bays having narrow hinterlands. The central region of District has many plateaus and hills rising from valleys. The eastern part is rugged and merging with the Sahyadris existing in north-south direction. The eastern horizon is marked by Sahyadri hills with good forest cover. The district spreads 48 km in the western direction with a steep slope descending from 869 m at Raigad to 3 m above MSL at Shrivardhan. Physio-graphically, the district can be divided into three main groups. The portion covering north-south alignment of Sahyadri ranges with several traverses, system of subsidiary hills with varying heights covers more than 45% of the total area of the District. The portion between coastal region and Sahyadri hill ranges, moderately undulating terrain with low lying area covering about 35% of the total area of the district. The extreme western portion in vicinity of Arabian Sea covers about 20% of the total area of the district.

3.3.3 Bathymetric and Geotechnical investigations conducted at site

The bathymetric and geophysical surveys in Dharamtar Creek near jetty area indicate a highly undulated seabed comprised of top layer of soft silty clay sediments with sand followed by very hard strata at 0 to 6 m below it. The exact nature of this hard stratum which in many places occurs on top of seabed is consolidated sediments with pebble and gravel or highly weathered rock.

Most of the channel area of the river presumably comprises of silty clay sediment with sand except at the places where hard strata which may be consolidated sediments with pebble and gravel or highly weathered rock exist.

3.3.4 Subsoil conditions at location of marine facilities

A subsoil investigation had been carried out in 2010 by DBM Geotechnics and Construction Pvt Ltd. at Dharamtar creek in the estuary of Amba River. The object of the investigation was to determine the ground conditions at the site. The subsurface profile condition generally consists of marine clay followed by weathered rock underlying basaltic bedrock. The details of soil strata near the location of the main jetty have been used for the design of jetty.

Figure3-1: Jetty and surrounding area (the study area)

73° 0' 73° 5'

Kalve Johe Sonkhar Tambatshet Mumbai N 98km Bhalpada Tukaramwadi Kanebachapada Hamrapur Kalesri

Varedi Mothe vadhav Shinole Sapoli

Div Borze Kane Khar Sapoli Chinchghar Vadhav

Narvel Antora Ramraj Benavle Navgharwadi Tarankhop Vashi 18° Masad Khurd 18° R F 45' Kaproli Antora 45' Patnoli Khalapur PEN BhogeshwarDhavte R. 27.8km Dherankhar Dhondapada Ambeghar Masad Khurd Pipalpada Umbarde Masad Budruk Borgaon Borve Shirki Pimpalpada Shahapur Vashinaka Ramwadi Maleghar Bori Vadgaon Uchede Dhakta Shahapur Shinganvat Kandepada Kolve Kashmire Rode Kandale Sutarpada Vadkhal Indranagar Amba R. Lebhi Katkariwadi Khidki KOPAR Wave Virani RESERVED FOREST Dharamtar Navegaon Chari Kurkundi Dolvi Kamalpada PLANT Ghasvadkhar RESERVED FOREST Divlang Shahabaj Bandhanwadi Bhanghar  Pezari Dadaji Talanikar Valvade Kharkaravi Turmal Ambeghar Bangalwadi Poinad Ambepur Bhakhwadi Gadab RESERVED FOREST Dehankoni Khapachiwadi Tadmalwadi Vagholi Chaphegani Nagjhari Patharmal Dhombi Jirne Navenagar 18° Medhekhar Takachiwadi 18° 40' Sukatrie 40' Kachali Mounepale Shekatmal RESERVED FOREST Bakeghar Katkorwadi Pitkari Kherpale Vadvali Shirgaon Katvira Kusambale Ratalpada Vaghvira Devali Katvaripada RESERVED FOREST Hemnagar Anandnagar Kalad Tadvagle Kharjul Talashet Pedkyawadi Kathodipada Chikhali Karanjatep Burdi Brahmanwadi Kharoshi RESERVED FOREST Kasu Kolghar Khadakwadi

Pandapur Thakurwadi Ruishet Bhomoli Navakar Kurdus Bidbav Chaura Dattawadipada Ananwadi Sutwadi Sambri Mahabalewsaram Ruishet 133.7km Bidwagale Aveti

73° 0' 73° 5' LEGEND  PlantJetty Sitesite Settlements Road Forest Boundary Railway Line Nadi/Nala/Water Body 3.4 Physico- Chemical Aspects of the Project Site

3.4.1 Meteorology

The meteorological and the oceanographic data collected from India Meteorological Department (IMD) and other secondary sources to represent the metrological conditions of the project area has been reviewed and presented below for various attributes such as Temperature, Wind, Cloud Cover, Humidity, Rainfall, Cyclone, and Visibility.

Temperature

The region experiences moderate temperature variations, the mean day bulb temperature in the hottest (May) and in coldest (January) months being 31.1°C and 22.3°C respectively. The mean annual daily maximum and minimum temperature are 40°C and 10°C. In recent years this region has experienced high temperatures up to 36 degree centigrade and low up to 22 degree centigrade. The relative humidity is moderate to high and varies between 68% and 99%. Average relative humidity is 78%.

Wind

The region generally experiences a regular seasonal wind variation and predominantly subject to the influences of the south West monsoon winds lasting 'from the middle of June till about the end of September where after, fair weather sets in. In general wind directions vary from North-West during the winter and summer is however now as uniform as during the monsoon period. Calm wind (means speeds ranging from 6.4 m/sec in the fair weather period to 0.1 m/sec (in the monsoon), generally prevails in the mornings only. The prominent wind direction was found to be North-West (NW) except during Monsoon(June, July, August). The average wind speed in the area during the study period was found to be 1.51 m/sec. Pattern of Annual Winds in Study Area is given in Table 3 - 2.

Table 3 - 2: Pattern of Annual Winds in Study Area Wind N NE E SE S SW W NW Annual % Frequency 8.5 8 7.5 6 3 17 7.5 30.5 Predominance Sequence 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 2nd 5th 1st

Wind rose pattern at Alibag observatory is indicated in Figure 3 - 2. Visibility

From November to March smog hangs over the land towards Mumbai. This happens only for short periods, most often shortly after sunrise but occasionally in the evening. Visibility is generally good for most part of the year, the number of days on which visibility is poor being negligible.

Cyclones

Severe tropical storms with wind speed of over 150 km/hr occur in the Arabian Sea, generally during May /June and October /November. However, the frequency of such cyclonic storms passing over Mumbai and surrounding areas is low, averaging not more than one or two in a century. The last severe cyclonic storm was experienced in 1982.

Currents

The current near Dharamtar area are tide induced and with reversal at high and low waters. The current strength in the estuary is of the order of 0.75 to 1.50 m/s (1.5 to 3.0

knots). The currents in the creek are affected by the freshet, which results in not only increasing the strength of current but also limiting the propagation of the tide upstream.

Figure 3 - 2: Month-wise Wind-Rose Pattern (Source: IMD, Alibag)

Waves

Latitude 15°N to 25°N and longitude 70°E to 75°E shows that during monsoon period the predominant wave directions is from southwest to west. During this period, waves of 4 to 5 m in height occur outside however, the area in front of Dharamtar Port and proposed area near Dharamtar, Dolvi, are considered to be particularly without any wave effect and near tranquil condition exist near the proposed berth area. October and November are transition months during which the predominant wave direction changes North to North-East. During December and January, the waves mainly occur from North to North- East and from February to May waves predominantly come from the North-West quadrant, which are relevant from navigational operations near the entrance to the creek. pH

The pH of the offshore soil sample is recorded as 6.9. Loss on ignition is 24.4% by mass. Moisture content in the soil is recorded as 13.1% by mass. Heavy metals such as Cd, Pb ,zinc and chromium are not detected in the soil sample.

Datum

The datum, to which all levels shall be referred for the purpose of working, is the near sea level. The chart datum (0.00) is about 2.51m below the sea level. The tidal level data with reference to Chart Datum is given below:

MHWS + 5.4 m MHWN + 4.1 m MSL + 3.2 m MLWN + 2.5 m MLWS + 0.4 m

3.4.2 Sediment Transport

The effect of sediment transport or 'Littoral Drift' generated by the wave effect is negligible in the West Coast. However, the siltation due to tide-induced currents is quite significant in Mumbai and nearby areas. In view of only lighterage operations with about 8000 DWT capacity barges are envisaged. These factors will not have any significant effect on planned operations. The physical mathematical model studies are being carried out to assess the extent and rate of siltation.

3.4.3 Subsoil Conditions

Soil is here defined as the top layer if the land surface of the earth composed of small rock particles, humus (organic matter), water and air and geology concerns the rocks beneath the soil. Some types of development have effects on the underlying geology, and almost all have an effect on the soil. Soil is a major factor affecting plants, including agricultural crops, and plants provide the food and habitats for animals. Thus, avoiding major impacts of a development on the soil can go long way towards preventing the degradation of a whole ecosystem. The soil investigation was carried out in and out the site to establish the basic characteristics in terms of texture, alkalinity and presence of heavy metals in the soil to access the anticipated impacts from the proposed project. Soil samples have been collected using auger from a depth of 60 cm from the project site and adjoining locations.

The plot area generally forms the part of Western region of Deccan trap. The soil investigation carried out in the Dharamtar creek – covering part of proposed development indicates the generalized soil profile in Table 3 - 3.

Table 3 - 3: Generalized Soil Profile LAYER DEPTH SOIL PARTICULARS AVG.SPT I -1.0 to – 4.0 M C D Marine clay mixed with sand 2 II - 4.0 to – 8.0 M C D Coarse to fine sand 14 III - 8.0 to – 12.0 M C D Weathered rock 50 IV - 12.0 M C D onwards Hard Rock > 50

3.4.4 Land use The land use data have been estimated by land use mapping of the 10 km Study area by Indian Institute Remote Sensing (IIRS). Below given land-use pattern shows 1.4% Settlements and 0.6 % Industrial Area, 44.7% Crop Land, 11.1% Water Bodies, 13.4 % Waste-lands, 22.3 % Forest areas and 6.5 % classified as others. The land use classification is presented in below given Table 3 - 4. Land Use/ Land Cover Map from Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS) are given in Figure 3 - 3.

Table 3 - 4: Land use Pattern in the Study area S.NO. LANDUSE AREA IN Sq. Km. PERCENTAGE Built-Up Area 1 A. Settlements 4.396 1.4 B. Industrial Area 1.884 0.6 2 Agricultural Land A. Single Crop 101.108 32.2 B. Double Crop 39.25 12.5 3 Water Bodies A. River\Tank\Others 34.854 11.1 4 Waste-lands A. Land with Scrub 41.762 13.3 B. Land without Scrub 0.314 0.1 5 Forest Area 70.022 22.3 6 Others 20.41 6.5 TOTAL 314 100 Source: Land-use from Indian Institute of Remote Sensing

3.5 Primary data from the Project Site

3.5.1 Meteorology

Meteorology plays a very important role in the environmental impacts of industrial projects. Meteorological conditions govern the dispersion (and hence dilution) of air pollutants. Hence Meteorological studies form an integral part of environmental impact assessment studies. A meteorological station was set up inside the steel plant premises, which lies within the proposed study area and close to jetty. The meteorological data was generated hourly during the monitoring period. At the meteorological station, Wind Speed & Wind Direction, Temperature, Relative Humidity, Barometric Pressure and Cloud Cover were recorded at hourly intervals throughout the monitoring period. No rainfall was observed during the monitoring period. The summarized meteorological data is presented in Table 3 - 5.

Table3 - 5: Summarized Monitored Meteorological Data at JSW Port, Dolvi Wind Speed o Barometric Temperature ( C) Relative Humidity (%) Cloud Cover Period (m/s) Pressure Max. Min. Max. Min. Avg. Max. Min. Avg. Max. Min. Max. Min. Dec. 2012 – 4.3 <0.5 32.8 15.7 27.1 88.8 56.7 73.1 Nil 6 816.6 785.4 Feb. 2013 Figure 3 - 3: Land Use/ Land Cover Map from Indian Institute of Remote Sensing

Wind frequency distribution table during the monitoring period at the site for overall, day and night is given, respectively as Tables 3 - 6 (A), (B) and (C) for the period of December - 2012 to February 2013 (winter season). Accordingly the wind rose diagrams for winter seasons are given as Figure 3 - 4 a, b and c, respectively for Overall, Day and Night. From Table 3 - 6 it was observed that in winter season overall, the predominant wind directions for December, 2012 – February, 2013 were NNW (prevailing for 21.54 % of the time), SSE (20.52 %), NW (14.53 %), N (11.81 %) and WNW (8.37 %). Calm conditions prevailed for 3.22 % of the time. While during the Day, the predominant wind directions were NNW (prevailing for 29.2 % of the time), SSE (16.06 %), WNW (8.41%) and N (7.66 %) whereas calm conditions prevailed for 1.48 % of the time.

During the night, the predominant wind directions were SSE (prevailing for 24.27 % of the time), N (15.32 %), NNW (15.1 %), NW (13.44) and WNW (8.33 %), with calm conditions prevailing for 4.69 % of the time.

Table 3 - 6: Wind Frequency Distribution (%) at Dolvi during Winter Season, 2012-13 A. 24 hours Overall Velocity Ranges (m/s) Direction Sum % 0.4-2.0 2.0-3.0 3.0-4.0 4.0-5.0 5.0-6.0 >=6.0 N 10.63 1.07 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.81 NNE 0.28 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.4 NE 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.17 ENE 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 E 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 ESE 0.17 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.28 SE 0.40 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.57 SSE 20.29 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.52 S 5.94 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6 SSW 2.77 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.88 SW 2.88 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.39 WSW 2.09 0.34 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.49 W 3.16 0.51 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.73 WNW 4.75 2.83 0.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.37 NW 7.97 4.86 1.53 0.17 0.00 0.00 14.53 NNW 17.01 4.28 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 21.52 Sum % 78.63 15.2 2.78 0.17 0.00 0.00 96.78 CALM % (V< 0.44 m/s ) = 3.22%

B. Day time (0600 – 1800 Hrs.) Velocity Ranges (m/s) Direction 0.4-2.0 2.0-3.0 3.0-4.0 4.0-5.0 5.0-6.0 >=6.0 Sum % N 6.18 1.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.66 NNE 0.49 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.61 NE 0.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.37 ENE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 E 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.12 ESE 0.37 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.61 SE 0.49 0.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.86 SSE 15.57 0.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.06 S 4.70 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.82 SSW 2.60 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.85 SW 2.84 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.71

WSW 2.35 0.62 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.09 W 3.34 0.87 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.33 WNW 3.46 3.34 1.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.41 NW 5.69 6.80 2.97 0.37 0.00 0.00 15.83 NNW 21.01 7.68 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 29.19 Sum % 69.59 23.25 5.32 0.37 0.00 0.00 98.52 CALM % (V< 0.44 m/s ) = 1.48% C. Night time (1800 – 0600 Hrs.) Velocity Ranges (m/s) Direction 0.4-2.0 2.0-3.0 3.0-4.0 4.0-5.0 5.0-6.0 >=6.0 Sum % N 14.38 0.73 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.32 NNE 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 NE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ENE 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 E 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ESE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.31 SSE 24.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.27 S 6.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.97 SSW 2.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.92 SW 2.92 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.13 WSW 1.88 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.98 W 3.02 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.23 WNW 5.83 2.40 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.33 NW 9.90 3.23 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.44 NNW 13.65 1.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.11 Sum % 86.25 8.44 0.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 95.31 CALM % (V< 0.44 m/s ) = 4.69%

Figure 3 - 4(a): Wind-Rose DOLVI at JSWDPPL during Winter: Day & Night (Overall)

Figure 3 - 4(b): Wind-Rose at DOLVI, JSWDPPL during Winter - Day

Figure 3 - 4(c): Wind-Rose at JSWDPPL during Winter – Night

3.7 Ambient air quality 3.7.1 General In order to evaluate the resultant air quality around proposed jetty facility, it is necessary to determine the existing air quality in terms of Respirable Particulate Matter (PM10), Sulphur–di–Oxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) and Carbon Monoxide (CO). Accordingly these parameters were monitored at all the Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) monitoring stations. The PM2.5 and Poly nuclear Aeromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH)-Benzo (a) Pyrene (BaP) monitoring was also done for selected samples. 3.7.2 Selection of Monitoring Stations For locating the ambient air quality (AAQ) monitoring stations, predominant wind directions, up wind and down-wind directions, residential areas located near to the jetty mainly considered. The monitoring stations have been fixed in a radius of 10 km around the jetty taking midpoint of port as center. To select the locations of the ambient air quality monitoring stations, information published by India Meteorological Department (IMD) was used. The IMD observatory nearest to plant site is at Alibag about 20 km from the project site. The main objective of AAQ data generation / establishment of baseline for AAQ are to assess the future scenario of the surrounding environment by superimposing the predicted pollution levels on the existing pollution levels. Thus it will be possible to identify the location where maximum concentrations of pollutants are likely to occur due to emissions from the proposed expansion. The location of AAQ stations were finalized with the help of screening models, which were run with actual source inventory and meteorological data. The predominant wind direction of nearest IMD observatory at

Alibag was identified with the help of wind frequencies. The predominant annual wind frequencies of Alibag are NW (30.5%), SW (17.0%), N (8.5%) and NE (8.0%). The locations of AAQ stations are given in Table 3 - 7 and Drawing No. MEC/Q72F/11/S2/01. The AAQ stations were located in the upwind and downwind direction of annual winds with respect the existing jetty facilities and by considering the following; 1. Location of AAQ stations within 10 km radius around the proposed expansion. 2. Approachability to the monitoring station. 3. Habitation near the monitoring stations. 4. Location of other industries within 10 km radius of the existing jetty.

The industrial units located within 25 km of the plant are indicated in the Table-3.6. Table 3 - 6: Industries within 25 km radius around the existing plant Sr. No. Name of the Industry Distance from Plant 1.0 HR Johanson IND. Ltd. Gadab-Pen 0.5 km 2.0 Nitco Tiles India Ltd. Poynad-Alibag 7.5 km 3.0 Heidelburg Cement 0.5 km 4.0 Reliance Petrochemical India ltd., Nagothane 20.0 km 5.0 RCF Thal – Alibag 20 .0 km 6.0 Maharashtra Seamless Ltd. Near Nagothane 20.0 km

Table 3 - 7: Location of AAQ Monitoring Stations Station Location Distance & Direction With respect to No. Project Site Relative Location With Respect to IMD (Proposed Jetty) Wind Pattern A1 Gadab Village 3.5 km (SE)  D/W of predominant annual wind (NW) A2 Dolvi Village 2.5 km (E)  D/W of predominant annual wind (W) A3 Navegaon Village 3.0 km (ENE)  D/W of predominant annual wind (SW) A4 Vadkhal Village 4.0 km (NE)  D/W of predominant annual wind (SW) A5 Shirki Village 5.0 km (N)  U/W of predominant annual wind (S) A6 Vashi Village 6.0 km (NE)  U/W of predominant annual wind (SW) A7 Dharamtar Village 2.5 km (NW)  D/W of predominant annual wind (SE) A8 Shahabaj Village 3.0 km (W)  D/W of predominant annual wind (E ) A9 Kusumble Village 4.0 km (SSW)  D/W of predominant annual wind (NE)

3.7.3 Methodology 9 (Nine) AAQ monitoring stations selected are marked in Drawing No. MEC/Q72F/11/S2/01. During the monitoring period, 24 hourly samples were collected twice a week for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, and NOx, whereas for CO one-hourly samples were taken on selected monitoring day at all the locations. The Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) i.e., Benzo (a) Pyrene (BaP) and Lead was also analyzed in few samples of PM10. The methods of sample collection, equipment used and analysis procedure as followed are given in Table 3 - 8. The AAQ results were compared with MOEF National Ambient Air Quality Standards, 2009 as given in Table 3 - 9.

Table 3 - 8: Methodology of Sampling and Analysis for AAQ Monitoring Parameter Instrument/Apparatus Methodology Reference Used 3 SO2 (µg/m ) Respirable Dust Sampler Improved West & Gaecke MOEF G.S.R (RDS) with Impinger Tube, Method 826 (E) dtd. Spectro–photometer 16.11.09 3 NOx (µg/m ) RDS with Impinger Tube, Jacobs & Hoccheiser Modified -do- Spectro–photometer (Na-Arsenite) Method 3 PM10 (µg/m ) RDS / PM 10 Sampler Gravimetry -do- 3 PM2.5 (µg/m ) PM 2.5 Sampler Gravimetry -do- CO (mg/m3) CO Analyser NDIR -do- Benzo-a-Pyrine RDS using GF/A grade Solvent extraction followed by -do- (BaP) – particulate filter paper. HPLC phase only (ng/m3) Lead (Pb) RDS using EPM 2000 Acid digestion followed by -do- grade filter paper. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

Table 3 - 9: National Ambient Air Quality Standards S.N. Parameter Time Weighted Concentration in Ambient Air Average Industrial, Ecologically Sensitive Residential, Rural & Area (Notified by Other Areas Central Government) 3 1 SO2 ; (µg/m ) Annual* 50 20 24 Hours** 80 80 3 2 NOx ; (µg/m ) Annual* 40 30 24 Hours** 80 80 3 3 PM10; (µg/m ) Annual* 60 60 24 Hours** 100 100 3 4 PM2.5; (µg/m ) Annual* 40 40 24 Hours** 60 60 5 CO; (mg/m3) 8 Hours ** 02 02 1 Hour ** 04 04 6 Pb; (mg/m3) Annual* 0.5 0.5 24 Hour ** 1.0 1.0 7 Benzo-a-Pyrine (BaP) – 1 Hour ** 01 01 particulate phase only; (ng/m3) * Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year at a particular site taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform intervals ** 24 hourly or 08 hourly or 01 hourly monitored values, as applicable, shall be compiled with 98% of the time in a year. 2% of the time, they may exceed the limits but not on two consecutive days.

3.7.4 Results of Ambient Air Quality During the monitoring of ambient air quality the following activities were observed: 1. National highway (NH-4) Mumbai Goa road construction activities was in progress 2. Goa – Mumbai railways expansion activities were also in progress. The summarized AAQ results are given in Tables 3-10. The results of PM 10, PM 2.5, SO2, NOx and CO at all the monitoring stations, when compared with NAAQ Norms, were found to be well within the respective permissible limit for industrial, residential, rural and other areas. The above activity has influenced the sample nature collected and analyzed. Results of Chemical Characterization of RSPM are given in Table 3 - 11.

Table 3 - 10: Summarised results of AAQ monitoring during winter around JSWDPPL Parameters Results (µg/m3) Gadab Dolvi Navegaon Vadkhal Shirki Vashinaka Dharamtar Shahabaj Kusumble Village Village Village Village Village Village Village Village Village (A1) (A2) (A3) (A4) (A5) (A6) (A7) (A8) (A9) Max 92 95 90 96 80 91 98 85 62 PM 10 Min. 64 59 52 61 53 53 72 56 51 Avg. 76 74 70 73 66 74 87 69 56 Max 30 25 30 25 20 25 34 21 25 PM 2.5 Min. 17 13 17 13 13 17 24 15 15 Avg. 23 20 22 19 16 21 28 18 20 Max 11 15 10 8 7 10 11 7 7 SO2 Min. BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 4 BDL BDL Avg. ------6 - - Max 19 25 18 18 21 24 24 20 15 NO X Min. BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 10 BDL 10

Parameters Results (µg/m3) Gadab Dolvi Navegaon Vadkhal Shirki Vashinaka Dharamtar Shahabaj Kusumble Village Village Village Village Village Village Village Village Village (A1) (A2) (A3) (A4) (A5) (A6) (A7) (A8) (A9) Avg. ------14 - 13 Max 1680 2162 1632 1566 2162 1836 2114 1844 1410 CO Min. 1125 1478 1410 1012 1245 1524 1812 1422 1088 Avg. 1441 1794 1515 1198 1438 1723 1959 1619 1237 3 3 Below Detection Limit (BDL) for SO2 and NOX are <4.0 mg/m and <10.0 mg/m respectively.

Table 3 - 11: Results of Chemical Characterization of RSPM Sl. Parameters Values Norms No 01 Lead (ug/m3) 0.005 to 0.015 1.0 02 Benzo-a-pyrene (ng/m3) BDL 1.0 BDL: Below detectable limit for BaP is <0.03

3.8 Noise

3.8.1 Selection of Monitoring Locations

A total of ten noise level monitoring stations were selected to cover all types of areas i.e., residential, commercial and industrial area as given in Table3-12 and Drawing No. MEC/Q71F/11/S2/01.

Table 3 - 12: Noise Monitoring Locations Stn. No. Location Type of Area N1 Gadab Village Residential N2 Goa Gate – Near Sri Hanuman Temple Industrial Area N3 Dolvi Village Residential N4 Navegaon Village Residential N5 Vadkhal Naka Goa-Alibag Road Junction Commercial N6 Vadkhal Village Residential N7 Shirki Village Residential N8 Vashi Naka Commercial N9 Dharamtar Alibag Road near Port Junction Industrial Area N10 Shahabaj Village Residential

3.8.2 Methodology

To have an idea of the present background noise level of the project site, a detailed measurement of noise level was carried out once at 10 locations as shown above in Figure 3.6 covering residential, commercial and industrial areas at hourly intervals for twenty-four hours during the monitoring period in winter season. Precision integrated sound level meter (type 2221 of Bruel & Kjaer of Denmark) was used for measurement of noise level for the study. The noise measurements were carried out for 24 hours and readings were measured by operating the instrument for 10-15 minutes in each hour at one-hour intervals in which Leq (A) have been measured.

3.8.3 Results

The results of ambient noise monitoring are given in Table 3 - 13. The results have been compared with MOEF norms (Noise Regulation & Control Rules, 2000) given in Table 3 -14. The result shows that all the measured values of noises in both day and night time are well within the prescribed norms for day & night time for Industrial, commercial and residential area.

Table 3 - 13: Results of Noise Monitoring (Winter Season) Locations Day (06.00-22.00 hr.) Night (22.00-06.00 hr.) Max. Min. Mean* Max. Min. Mean* Gadab Village (Residential) 52.7 42.3 50.0 42.8 37.2 39.9 Goa Gate – Near Sri Hanuman Temple (Industrial) 68.9 48.6 61.1 59.7 44.8 54.3 Dolvi Village (Residential) 54.5 40.7 50.4 44.2 38.3 41.0 Navegaon Village (Residential) 54.7 41.4 49.0 42.6 36.4 39.3 Vadkhal Naka Goa-Alibag Road Junction 64.7 48.3 60.2 55.0 44.5 50.7 (Commercial) Vadkhal Village (Residential) 54.4 42.5 47.4 44.0 38.2 40.8 Shirki Village (Residential) 54.7 42.4 49.2 44.7 37.3 41.5 Vashi Naka (Commercial) 62.1 46.4 55.6 53.9 38.1 49.2 Dharamtar Alibag Road near Port Junction 69.2 50.2 62.7 58.9 41.8 52.1 (Industrial) Shahabaj Village (Residential) 54.3 45.3 50.1 43.1 36.5 39.6 Day – 06.00 to 22.00 hrs.; Night – 22.00 to 06.00 hrs.; All values in dB(A); * Logarithmic Averages.

Table 3 - 14: Permissible Noise Level (CPCB Standards) Type of Area Day (0600-2200 hrs) Night (2200-0600 hrs) Industrial Area. 75 70 Commercial Area. 65 55 Residential Area. 55 45 Silence zone. 50 40 All values in dB (A)

3.9 Hydro-geology

Inorder to understand the hydro-geology of the area, hydrology of the area is to be studied in detail which is having direct bearing on the groundwater. Hence a comprehensive study has been carried out and the outcomes are enumerated in the subsequent paragraphs. The entire study area forms a part of Amba River basin. The study area is mainly drained by small drains which finally drain into Amba River.

3.9.1 Geology of the Area

The geology of the entire area consists of dark-coloured volcanic lava flows and laterites. The lava flows were poured out of the long and narrow fissures in the earth's crust, at the close of the Mesozoic Era, approximately, 80 to 100 million years ago. These are spread out in the form of horizontal sheets or beds and constitute the innumerable spurs, hills and hill ranges; bold, flat topped ridges; lofty peaks and plateaus with impressive cliffs. These hill ranges and plateaus form a part of the famous Western Ghats. In the plains and valleys the lava flows occur below a thin blanket of soil

of variable thickness. A characteristic feature of these flows is their horizontal disposition and considerable lateral extent with almost incredible uniformity in their composition and appearance.

Because of their dominantly basaltic composition and the tendency to form flat-topped plateau, the lavas are termed plateau basalts. Since these basaltic lava flows cover an extensive region in the Deccan and frequently present step-like appearance to the hills and ridges they are commonly termed as "Deccan traps." the word trap meaning 'step like'.

The traps attain a thickness of nearly 2,500 to 2,800 feet around Matheran and Raigad plateaus, respectively. The individual flows vary greatly in thickness from a few feet to as much as 75 feet or even more although the average thickness is about 40 feet. In a single hill a number of flows, sometimes as many as 10 to 20, could be seen resting horizontally one above the other. Vertical, inclined, prismatic and columnar joints are commonly found in the hard and compact basalts. The rocks wither by exfoliation into massive, spheroidal boulders which are usually seen on hill slopes and foot hills.

Petrologically, the lava flows of the district are extraordinarily uniform in their composition and texture, corresponding to a dolerite or basalt. In composition the basalts are composed of abundant labradorite, feldspar, enstatite, augite and interstitial glass. Magnetite is the most common accessory mineral though, at times, a fair amount of olivine is also present. The basalts are usually dark grey to grey and bluish grey in colour and are hard, compact and tough and fine to medium grained in texture. At places, these exhibit a porphyritic texture also. They generally form the hill tops, plateau and cliffs and show well-developed characteristic columnar and prismatic jointing. Next to this common variety of trap is found the comparatively softer, amygdular and scoriaceous traps, purple to greenish in colour, usually showing rounded and elongated or tubular cavities and geodes with infillings of secondary minerals like calcite, zeolites and a variety of secondary quartz like agate, jasper, chalcedony, etc. These generally occupy the lower portions of the ridges and their slopes and usually the valleys and plains. Associated with these common basic lava flows are also found, at times, acid lava flows represented by light coloured, trachyte, rhyolite, etc. Tuffaceous beds, volcanic ash and breccia beds are also noticed at places in the district. A red clayey bed, often termed as "red bole", representing an altered ferruginous flow, is occasionally present interbedded with the trap flows.

Sandwiched between the two trap flows, thin beds of grey to dark grey and dirty-green argillaceous and calcareous shales or clays and friable sandstones are sometimes known to be present in the trappean areas, although no such beds have been reported so far from the district. These are known as inter-trappean beds representing the sediments deposited in shallow lakes during the quiescent periods of volcanic eruptions.

Beds of laterite, usually formed by the mechanical and chemical disintegration brought about by the atmospheric agencies on the underlying trap, cap the several peaks and lofty ridges in the area. They are also found at places in the lower regions. The beds

vary in thickness from five to 50 feet or more. The rocks are usually mottled, reddish to reddish or yellowish brown in colour and show vermicular and tubular cavities often stained with dark brown ferruginous solution. The rocks are soft and show bright colours when freshly cut but become very hard and dull on exposure to atmosphere. The outer surface of the beds present a dark to dirty brown colour and a very rugged and pitted appearance.

The traps on weathering give rise to a greyish to dirty green, friable murum which on decomposition and decay yield a rich and fertile reddish-brown to coffee brown and black soil. The laterite on disintegration gives rise to a dusty, reddish to reddish-brown soil.

3.9.1 Physiography & drainage

Between the coastal lands of the Kolaba district and the main Sahyadrian range, a belt of land varying between 15 to 20 miles in width consists of a hilly interior of irregular topography having a vegetation cover ranging from the poorest scrub to patches of sumptuous monsoonal forests, and a highly developed drainage pattern of gullies and streams. Intense periodicity of the monsoonal regime is well reflected in the streams which flow in torrents during the monsoonal season and shrink into trickles or even present completely dry beds during the summer season. Similarly, the verdant aspect of the monsoonal season changes into a dry and sunburnt landscape in summer. Water resources dry up following this rhythm, and there is a scarcity even of drinking water during the summer. Agricultural activity is restricted to valley courses of which the wider ones like the Amba and the Kundalika have a greater human attraction. Habitation is essentially rural, but Pen, Nagothna, Roha, Pali, Mangaon and Mahad are market towns. Means of communication evidently occupy an important place in this area which has a natural tendency towards isolation. From the seaside, the navigable stretches are important but the shallow tidal estuaries do not allow navigation to any greater length. Minor roads, cart-tracks and footpaths usually follow the valley courses, and many of these cross the Sahyadrian range through the time-honoured Ghat routes. Physiography map of study area attached as DRG.NO.MEC/Q72F/11/S2/01.

3.9.2 Major River

Amba

The Amba River, like other tidal rivers in the district, has two distinct aspects, above and below the limit of the tide. It rises in the Sahyadris near the Karondah pass about two miles south of Khandala, and, after a south-west course of about fifteen miles, turns sharply to the north-west, and about four miles lower meets the tidal wave two miles from Nagothane. From Nagothana, twenty-four miles from the sea, the river at high tides is navigable by boats. Below Nagothane, the river winds for about ten miles, between forests clad spurs, the channel at low tide being blocked by rocky ledges. Near Dharamtar, about fourteen miles north of Nagothane, the rocks disappear, and the ranges of hills draw back, leaving a deep muddy channel, from a half to three-quarters of a mile broad, with low swampy banks green with mangrove and other sea bushes.

Through the remaining nine miles from Dharamtar to Karanja where the Amba falls into Bombay Harbour, except that it grows broader and deeper, and has on either side wider stretches of mangrove swamps, salt marsh, and reclaimed rice lands, the character of the river does not change. Between Nagothna and the sea, the Amba receives no large tributary. The only streams of any size are two from the right bank and two from the left. Of the right bank streams the Nigde river, after a short course chiefly draining the southern slopes of Mirya Dongar, joins the Amba about six miles below Nagothna. The next, about twelve miles further, is the Vasi, a salt creek whose waters run into the Pen River. One of the tributaries from the left is the Shahapur River, which rising on the eastern slopes of Sagargad, drains east of Alibag, and, after a north-east course of about eight miles, falls into the Amba, five miles below Dharamtar. The other is the Revas creek, which receives the drainage of north-east Alibag and joins the Amba at Revas pier, about a mile from its entrance into Bombay harbour.

The chief streams that drain west to the sea from the central Alibag hills are the Avas with a north-westerly course of about six miles to Surekhar about eight miles north of Alibag; the Varsoli with a westerly course of about six miles to Varsoli, about two miles north of Alibag; and the Sakhar with a north-westerly course of about eight miles to Alibag.

3.9.3 Watershed

The study area (10 km radius) drains in to main basin of Amba river. The plant area is drained in to Dharmatar creek and finally into Arabian Sea. The surface water divide exists in the south part of the proposed plant site. All the watersheds are marked by dendritic type of drainge system. It reveals that the area is undulated and because of undulation, minor streams are noticed.

As per the records of plant EMD, there is no history of flooding in and around the steel plant since its existence more than 20 years ago nor around the jetty area. Since near Nagothane there is dam for fresh water storage not much variation seen in the level of river. The river LFL and HFL is guided by tidal activity only. The hazard due to flooding is not envisaged in the area.

Hydrological study of any region is significant mainly for two reasons:

 Impact of the industrial complex on the water regime of the region.  Optimum utilization of water and safeguards against the water pollution by the industry.

The regional groundwater study for Raigad district was carried out by Geological Survey of India(GSI). About 22 wells have been inventoried in the buffer zone and data like total depth, depth to water, and their location were collected during the study. The hydrogeological details of the measured wells are shown in the following Table 3 - 15.

Table 3 - 15: Hydrogeological data of wells inventoried from the surrounding villages Well Name of the village,Location Dia (m) Total depth BGL No. (m) (in m) 1 Gadab Village, left hand side of Goa road 3.3 7.9 1.25 Gadab Village right hand side of goa road near 2 6.8 8.8 2.7 house of Balachandra Kotekar 3 Village Dolvi near Kailash Temple 1.6 3.9 0.9 4 Dolvi village near house of Madhu Mhatre 3.8 6.2 3.0 5 Vashinaka near house of Balakrishna Mhatre 4.2 4.0 0.25 2.3 3.8 2.7 6 Near House of Shankar Gawad 4.25 4.5 1.45 1.5 8.2 5.35 7 Sadkhal village near Maruti temple 2.3 7.2 4.5 8 Near Bapuji Deosthan 3.4x3.4 4.3 1.2 9 Near juna police station 2.9 3.9 1.85 10 Near house of Murlidhar Mhatre 2.1 7.1 0.9 11 Kamalpara near house of satish patil 10.75x8.7 9.0 6.75 Dhamanpara Lama 12 6.5x6.5 7.5 3.15 Lahu Dhumal 13 Kharpale 3.1 7.5 3.4 14 Near house of Ambaji Tandel 5.0 8.0 4.25 15 Maheswad near house of yaswant patil 3.8 5.8 2.75 16 Shrigaon near house of Chandrakant Tukaram 3.1 5.7 1.5 17. Near Masjid 4.7 5.7 1.1 18. Burundi Karanjpet 5.2 6.0 2.0 19. Baudhwadi 5.8 6.2 2.9 20. Khaspale –near house of Bhawesh Patil 2.4 5.6 4.1 21. Jui village near primary school 5.3 9.5 7.1 22. Borifata Road, RHS 3.5 5.3 2.4 Watalpara Dabewadi, House of Laxhman 23. 6.4 5.3 1.7 Narayan Thade All values are in meter - m. BGL- below Ground level

Even though the measured wells are regularly used for domestic consumption, no remarkable fluctuation is observed / reported in the water table in terms of draw down. Several villagers in the study area reported that fluctuations in water table do occur at the onset of summer. In general, the measurement of water table level indicates that in most of the dug wells in the downstream villages with respect to JSW port the aquifer is recharged immediately by the interconnectivity of the rocks and higher storage capacity due to existence of unlined feed water tank constructed by plant authorities. The aquifers are mostly composed of fragmented weathered rocks.

The reported water levels during the study period vary from 0.9 m bgl to 7.1 m bgl depending on the ground elevation. The water table is observed at average depth of about 2.8 m in the project area and almost the same height is maintained all over the study area. A minimum of one and maximum of three wells were measured in each village of the study area with the intention to establish groundwater contour map. Ground Water Contour Map is given in Figure 3 - 5.

Figure3 - 5: Ground Water Contour Map

3.9.4 Conclusion

From the hydrological studies the following conclusions are drawn:

1 The existing groundwater is in water table condition encountered at an average depth of 2.8 m BGL. 2 It has been planned to utilize surface water from Amba River dam on upstream at Nagothane for the project. The projected demand is 62.16 Million Gallon Daily(MGD) which will not have any impact on the surface water flow when compared to the water available in the river. 3 Tapping of groundwater is not envisaged for the project and hence the existing ground water equilibrium will not be affected due to port operation. 4 The study reveals that project area is located in the area where the ground water can be replenished. 5 Jetty operation may not have any impact on drainage pattern and the existing pattern is expected to remain as it is.

3.10 Water Environment

Water quality monitoring was carried out with the following objectives:

 To collect baseline data on existing water quality.

 To assess the raw water quality to be used by the proposed project.  To assess the impact of the existing JSWDPPL solid waste dumping area on ground water quality.

3.10.1 Selection of Sampling Locations

A total of five ground water sampling locations and five surface water sampling locations were selected for the present study. No significant surface water source is available near the plant vicinity except the Amba River, which is filled up with tidal water. Amba river is flowing from SE to NW adjacent to the JSWDPPL boundary. The main source of raw water is Amba River, which comes from Nagothane (appx. 30 km) through pipeline. The other source of raw water is from Hetawane reservoir, which is located on Bhogeshwari River (appx. 15 km). The ground water sampling locations were selected in up gradient and down gradient of existing jetty facilities.

Locator Map showing ground & surface water monitoring locations are given in DRG.NO.MEC/Q72F/11/S2/01.

3.10.2 Methodology

In order to study the existing water quality within the study area, grab samples of ground and surface water were collected from ten (10) locations in the month of December 2013 during the study period, as given in Table 3 - 16. Surface water samples were analysed for different parameters as required by CPCB surface water criteria and ground water samples were analyzed for selected parameters as per IS: 10500. The water samples were analysed for different parameters as per American Public Health Association (APHA), 2005 - "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water".

Table-3.16: Location of Water Monitoring Stations S No Location Stn. No. Type 1. Gadab village – Dug well GW 1 Ground Water 2. Dolvi village – Dug well GW 2 Ground Water 3. Vadkhal village – Dug well GW 3 Ground Water 4. Vashi Naka village – Dug well GW 4 Ground Water 5. Shahabaj village – Dug well GW 5 Ground Water Amba river near Gadab village (Upstream of SW 1 Surface Water 6. JSWDPPL) Amba river near Dharmatar bridge (Down Stream of SW 2 Surface Water 7. JSWDPPL) 8. Raw water of plant Reservoir SW 3 Surface Water 9. Amba river near Nagothane intake pump (Raw water) SW 4 Surface Water 10. Hetawane water reservoir SW 5 Surface Water

3.10.3 Results of Ground Water Quality

The results of ground water quality are given in Table 3 - 17. In the absence of any specific norms for Ground Water Quality, the results have been compared with drinking water specification (BIS: 10500: 1991). The present study of ground water in the

vicinities indicates that all the parameters at all the five locations are well within the respective norms except iron, dissolved solids and magnesium. Iron is slightly exceeding the desirable limits at Vadkhal village (GW3) and Vashi Naka village (GW4)), however it is well within the maximum permissible limits of Drinking water specification. The Total dissolved solids and magnesium also slightly exceeding the desirable limits at Shahabaj village (GW5), however these parameters are also well within the maximum permissible limits of Drinking water specification. Overall the study indicates that the ground water of the vicinity has not any impact of contamination.

3.10.4 Results of Surface Water Quality

The result of Surface Water quality is given in Table3 - 18. The surface water quality was compared with CPCB norm for surface water, as given in Table3 - 19. All the surface water quality is within the norms for Class A, except SW1 and SW2 wherein the BOD levels were exceeding the norm for Class B & C (3 mg/l max.) and Conductivity is also exceeding the norms for Class E (2250 mhos/cm, max). The water analysis reports indicates the tidal impacts on SW1 (Amba river Upstream of JSWDPPL) & SW2 (Amba river downstream of JSWDPPL). The study shows that surface water quality in other locations i.e., SW3, SW4 and SW5 have not shown any contamination.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Table 3 - 17: Ground Water Quality Surrounding Port area Results Sl. CHARACTERISTICS *Requirement *Permissible Limits in the No. (Desirable Limits) Absence of Alternate GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 source Essential characteristics 1 Colour, Hazen units, Max. 5 25 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 2 Odour Unobjectionable. - Unobj. Unobj. Unobj. Unobj. Unobj. 3 Taste Agreeable - Agreeable Agreeabl Agreeabl Agreeabl Agreeabl 4 Turbidity, NTU, Max. 5 10 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 5 pH Value 6.5 to 8.5 No relaxation 6.9 7.1 6.8 6.9 7.0 6 Total Hardness (as CaCO3), mg/l, Max. 300 600 104 144 52 156 254 7 Iron (as Fe), mg/l, Max. 0.3 1 0.275 <0.1 0.416 0.387 0.133 8 Chloride (as Cl), mg/l, Max. 250 1000 31 18 13 31 68 9 Residual Free Chlorine, mg/l, Min. 0.2 ------10 Fluoride (as F), mg/l, Max. 1.0 1.5 0.204 0.148 0.1 0.232 0.19 Desirable Characteristics 11 Dissolved Solids mg/l, Max. 500 2000 166 248 76 298 518 12 Calcium (as Ca), mg/l, Max. 75 200 22 30 11 40 45 13 Magnesium (as Mg), mg/l, Max 30 100 12 17 6 14 35 14 Copper ( as Cu), mg/l, Max. 0.05 1.5 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 15 Manganese (as Mn), mg/l, Max. 0.1 0.3 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 16 Sulphate (as SO4), mg/l, Max. 200 400 8 10 3 21 39 17 Nitrate (as NO3), mg/l, Max. 45 100 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 5.64 18 Mercury (as Hg), mg/l, Max. 0.001 No relaxation <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 19 Cadmium (as Cd), mg/l, Max. 0.01 No relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 20 Selenium (as Se), mg/l, Max. 0.01 No relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 21 Arsenic (as As), mg/l, Max. 0.01 No relaxation ND ND ND ND ND 22 Cyanide (as CN), mg/l, Max. 0.05 No relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 23 Lead (as Pb), mg/l, Max. 0.05 No relaxation <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 24 Zinc (as Zn), mg/l, Max. 5 15 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.125 25 Chromium (as Cr6 +), mg/l, Max. 0.05 No relaxation <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 27 Alkalinity (as CaCO3) mg/l, Max. 200 600 72 124 44 156 232 28 Aluminium (as Al), mg/l, Max. 0.03 0.2 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 29 Boron (as B), mg/l, Max. 1.0 5 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 * BIS: 10500 (1991) and amendment no.1&2, 1993: Drinking Water Specification, ND – Not detected

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Table 3 - 18: Surface Water Quality Sl. Parameters Units SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW5 No. 1 pH - 7.2 7.4 6.9 7.1 7.0 2 Conductivity ms/cm 46.1 55.7 0.080 0.079 0.103 3 Suspended Solids mg/l 292 318 8 4 4 4 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 6.1 5.9 6.8 6.8 6.9 5 BOD – 3 days at 27°C mg/l 5.2 6.2 2.0 1.6 1.8 6 Free Ammonia (as N) mg/l 0.14 0.18 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 7 Calcium (as Ca) mg/l 561 321 8.0 6.4 9.6 8 Magnesium (as Mg) mg/l 875 1264 3.9 5.8 6.3 9 Sodium (as Na) mg/l 10526 11263 10 5.8 10.5 10 Potassium (as K) mg/l 200 230 0.5 0.5 0.5 11 Chloride (as Cl) mg/l 14285 16437 12 10 10 12 Fluoride (as F) mg/l 2.41 2.54 <0.1 <0.1 0.19 13 Sulphates (as SO4) mg/l 2402 2666 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 14 Chromium (as Cr) mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 15 Total Iron (as Fe) mg/l 3.393 5.313 0.571 0.204 0.077 16 Copper (as Cu) mg/l 0.083 0.119 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 17 Cadmium (as Cd) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 18 Boron (as B) mg/l 1.28 1.52 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 19 Mercury (as Hg) mg/l <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 20 Lead (as Pb) mg/l 0.336 0.377 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 21 Zinc (as Zn) mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 22 Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) % 65 63 0.72 0.40 0.65 23 Coliform organisms MPN/100ml 30 23 8 11 14

Table-3.19: Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) Surface Water Quality Criteria SN Parameters Class A Class B Class C Class D Class E 1. pH 6.5–8.5 6.5–8.5 6.0-9.0 6.5–8.5 6.5–8.5 2. Dissolved oxygen (as O2), mg/l, min 6 5 4 4 - 3. BOD, 5 days at 20 C, max 2 3 3 - - 4. Total coliform organism, MPN/100 ml, 50 500 5000 - - max 5. Free ammonia (as N), mg/l, max - - - 1.2 - 6. Electrical conductivity, mhos/cm, max - - - - 2250 7. Sodium absorption ratio, max. - - - - 26 8. Boron (as B), mg/l, max. - - - - 2

Class A: Drinking water source without conventional treatment but after dis-infection Class B: Outdoor bathing (organised) Class C: Drinking water source after conventional treatment and after dis-infection Class D: Propagation of Wild life and Fisheries Class E: Irrigation, Industrial Cooling, and Controlled Waste Disposal Below E: Not meeting A, B, C, D & E Criteria

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

3.11 Soil Quality

The soil sampling locations were selected with the following objectives:

 To assess the background / baseline soil quality of the region.  To assess the impact (if any) of existing jetty operation and JSWSL Plant air emissions, effluent discharge and solid waste on soil of the study area.

A total of five sampling locations were selected for the study. The selected locations are given in Table 3 - 20 and indicated in DRG.NO.MEC/Q72F/11/S2/01.

Table 3 - 20: Soil Sampling Locations Sample No. Location Type of Land S1 Expansion site Barren land S2 Village Vadkhal Agricultural land S3 Village Ghaswad Agricultural land S4 Village Gadab Forest land S5 Village Dharamtar Agricultural land

3.11.1 Methodology

In order to have an idea about the baseline soil quality in the study area, samples of top soil were collected from the five locations once during the study period (February, 2013) from 15-20 cm depth. The soil samples collected were marked, brought to laboratory, air-dried under shed, powdered & passed through 2 mm sieve and further analysed for different physico-chemical characteristics.

3.11.2 Results of Soil Analysis

The results of analysis are given in Tables 3 - 21, 3 - 22, 3 - 23 and 3 - 24.

Table-3.21: Physico-Chemical Properties of Soils Results Sample Colour Texture Bulk Water pH (1: 5 Electrical No. Density Holding ratio) Conductivity (gm/cc) Capacity (%) (ms/cm) S1 Brownish Sandy Loam 1.32 38.7 6.9 1.77 S2 Brownish Black Loamy Sand 1.26 42.1 7.8 1.69 S3 Brownish Sandy Loam 1.19 48.0 6.9 0.118 S4 Blackish Brown Sandy Loam 1.24 53.1 6.9 0.248 S5 Blackish Sandy Loam 1.3 52.4 7.9 2.9

Soil pH plays a very important role in the availability of nutrients. The composition of the soil microbial community is also dependent on the soil pH. In the study area, the soil pH is near to neutral and varied from 6.9 to 7.9. The test results of pH from different locations indicate that there is no acidic impact on soil due to the industrial activity.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Electrical conductivity (EC) is a measure of the concentration of soluble salts and ionic activity in the soil. Salt concentration is directly proportional to the osmotic pressure, which governs the process of osmosis in the soil – plant system. In the collected soil samples the electrical conductivity ranged from 0.118 to 2.9 ms/cm. The results of Colour, Texture, Bulk Density, Water Holding Capacity, pH and conductivity of the tested soils samples are presented in Table-3.21.

Table-3.22: Available Major Nutrients in Soil Nutrients and Ratings Results S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 Organic Carbon (%) & Rating 0.93 0.37 0.59 0.45 0.40 High Low Medium Low Low Organic Matter (%) 2.0 1.02 1.41 1.16 1.07 Available Nitrogen (kg/ha) & Rating 213 169 499 213 270 Low Low Medium Low Low Available Phosphorus (kg/ha) & Rating 216.8 54.1 50.3 16.1 59.0 High High High Medium High Available Potassium (kg/ha) & Rating 252 210 154 196 322 Medium Medium Medium Medium High Ratings: Organic Carbon : <0.50 – Low; 0.50 to 0.75 – Medium; >0.75 – High Available Nitrogen : <280 – Low; 280 to 560 – Medium; >560 – High Available Phosphorus : <10 – Low; 10 to 25 – Medium; >25 – High Available Potassium : <120 – Low; 120 to 280 – Medium; >280 – High

The results of available major nutrients are presented in Table-3.22. Organic carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus are limiting nutrients, especially Phosphorus. In the tested soil samples most of the nutrients are available in low to high concentration ranges. Organic carbon was found to be in low to high concentration range. Available Nitrogen is found to be in low to medium concentration range whereas available Phosphorus and Potassium are measured in medium to high ranges. As the major nutrients are not showing any major deviation among the tested soil samples, it is indicating that there is no impact on nutrient contents of soil due to industrial activity.

Table 3 - 23: Exchangeable Cations Sample Results No. Calcium Magnesium Sodium Potassium Total Bases (meq/100 gm) (meq/100 gm) (meq/100 gm) (meq/100 gm) (meq/100 gm) S1 37.2 (41.12) 32.39 (35.8) 17.81 (19.69) 3.07(3.39) 90.47 S2 43.2 (39.55) 34.79 (31.85) 27.14 (24.85) 4.09 (3.74) 109.22 S3 28.8 (47.30) 20.40 (33.50) 9.39 (15.42) 2.3 (3.78) 60.89 S4 32.4 (50.90) 25.20 (39.59) 4.53 (7.12) 1.53 (2.40) 63.66 S5 25.15 (40.32) 24.0 (38.48) 11.17 (17.91) 2.05 (3.29) 62.37 Values in ( ) give the % of respective cation of the total cations

The results show that the Calcium and Magnesium constitutes the bulk of exchangeable cations in the tested soil samples whereas levels of exchangeable sodium and potassium are relatively low. This indicates that the collected soil samples are not

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra showing any signs of increase in alkalinity (Sodium / Potassium) due to industrial activity.

Table 3 - 24: Available Micronutrients Sample Results (in mg/kg) No. Iron (as Fe) Copper (as Cu) Zinc (Zn) Manganese (Mn) S1 61.25 1.91 16.35 86.65 S2 31.3 7.1 1.28 9.0 S3 119 5.77 0.64 30.7 S4 49.6 5.46 0.66 28.9 S5 24.75 5.05 0.584 5.0 Critical Limits (mg/kg) Iron 4.5 – 6.0 Copper 0.20 – 0.66 Zn 0.50 – 0.65

Soil micro–nutrients also play an important role in plant growth and can act as limiting nutrients. Soil micro–nutrient analysis can be employed as a diagnostic tool for predicting the possibility of deficiency of a nutrient and the profitability of its application. For this it is necessary to fix the critical limits. The critical limit of a micro–nutrient is that content of extractable nutrient at or below which plantation practised and it will produce a positive response to its application. It can be seen from the results that in all the soil samples micronutrients levels are fairly high. In all the tested soil samples iron and copper are moderately high whereas the level of Zinc is just above the critical limits at S3 & S4 and it may be helpful to plant growth. However, it must be noted that very high concentration of one or more micronutrients may be detrimental to plant growth and soil fertility may be adversely affected.

3.12 Marine water quality

Detailed marine ecological survey was conducted to establish the existing status of the marine water around the proposed project site. The study covered data collection and analysis of physico-chemical and biological characteristics of marine water and sediment samples, collection of mangrove samples for detailed analysis, interaction with fisheries department and local fishermen. Marine water was done at three representative locations along Dharamtar creek.

The presence of the nutrients is significant for the primary productivity in the area. The main source of these nutrients is the rivers out falling into the marine water body. The nutrients enter the river water from the land through the runoff mainly from the agricultural runoff. The rivers thereafter transport these nutrients to the sea. The presence of these nutrients stimulates the biological productivity of an area. The nutrient level in surface and the bottom water samples in the study area were monitored in the survey conducted. A study for phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthos was carried out along the locations. The locations studied were: Station 1: Near the existing jetty Station 2: Midway between the Jetty and the Creek mouth Station 3: mouth of the Dharamtar creek

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Sampling locations along the Dharamtar creek are given in Figure 3 - 6. Physico- chemical characteristics of surface and bottom water along the creek are given in Table 3 - 25 and Table 3 - 26.

Figure 3 - 6 : Sampling locations along the Dharamtar creek

Station 3

Station 2

Station 1

Table 3 - 25: Physico-chemical characteristics of surface water along the creek Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 Units WQ Criteria Parameters Class SW-IV Temperature 24.8 25.3 24.9 0 C NA pH 7.8 7.8 7.9 - 6.5-9.0 Salinity 29.6 31.3 33.6 %o NA Dissolved Oxygen 5.6 6.1 5.8 mg/l 3.0 or 40% sat. value B.O.D (27 0C, 3 days) 3.4 4.8 4.5 mg/l 5.0 C.O.D. 15.8 12.8 13.8 mg/l NA Suspended Solids 248 286 270 mg/l NA Chlorides 12,000 13,800 14,500 mg/l NA Fluoride 2.41 2.53 2.74 mg/l NA Nitrate as NO3 3.2 2.1 3.4 mg/l NA Phosphates 0.36 1.09 0.85 mg/l NA Sulphate 2402 2105 2280 mg/l NA Silicates 1.56 3.14 3.12 mg/l as SiO4 NA

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Nickel 0.07 0.04 0.05 mg/l as Ni NA Lead < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 mg/l as Pb NA Copper < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 mg/l as Cu NA Zinc < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 mg/l as Zn NA Mercury < 0.0005 < 0.0005 < 0.0005 mg/l as Hg NA

Table 3 - 26: Physico chemical characteristics of bottom water along the creek Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 Units WQ Criteria Parameters Class SW-IV Temperature 22.4 23.5 22.6 0 C NA pH 7.7 7.5 7.6 - 6.5-9.0

Salinity 28.9 31.4 33.8 %o NA Dissolved Oxygen 5.4 5.7 5.6 mg/l 3.0 or 40% sat. value B.O.D (27 0C, 3 days) 3.3 3.8 4.1 mg/l 5.0 C.O.D. 13.5 10.2 12.3 mg/l NA Suspended Solids 275 310 290 mg/l NA Chlorides 13,280 12,860 13,420 mg/l NA Fluoride 2.42 2.43 2.51 mg/l NA Nitrate as NO3 2.4 1.9 2.7 mg/l NA Phosphates 0.45 0.63 0.55 mg/l NA Sulphate 2240 2210 2160 mg/l NA Silicates 2.14 2.80 2.90 mg/l as SiO4 NA Nickel 0.06 0.05 0.04 mg/l as Ni NA Lead < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 mg/l as Pb NA Copper < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 mg/l as Cu NA Zinc < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 mg/l as Zn NA Mercury < 0.0005 < 0.0005 < 0.0005 mg/l as Hg NA

3.12.1 Temperature

The temperature was measured both in surface and bottom water at different locations of the study area. There was marginal difference in the water temperature at different locations which can be attributed to the different time of observations. Surface water temperature ranged between 24.8 to 25.3 The bottom water temperature was found to be slightly lower than the surface water temperature. The bottom water temperature ranged from 22.4 to 23.5 oC

3.12.2 pH

The pH are stable and do not show a significant difference in the surface and bottom values. pH recorded in surface waters showed no much difference and was between 7.8 and 7.9 while in bottom waters it ranged from 7.6 to 7.7.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

3.12.3 Salinity

The salinity of the water increased towards the sea ward side. The minimum salinity was observed at station 1 both in surface (29.6%0) as well as bottom water (28.9%0). Station 3 which is at the mouth of the creek has maximum salinity. At station 3 the observed values of salinity in the surface waters was 33.6%0 at surface and 33.8%0 at the bottom.

3.12.4 Chlorides

The chloride content in the surface water was found to be in the range of 12,000 to 14,500 mg/l In the bottom water chloride level ranged between 12,860 to 13,420 mg/l. No significant variation in their concentration level in the water column.

3.12.5 Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) content of the surface water ranged from 5.6 mg/l to 6.1mg/l in the surface water and from 5.4 mg/l to 5.7 mg/l in the bottom water.

3.12.6 Biological Oxygen Demand

The biological oxygen demand (BOD) level in the surface water varied from 3.4 to 4.8 mg/l while in bottom water it varied from 3.3 to 4.1 mg/l during the study period.

3.12.7 Chemical Oxygen Demand

The concentration of COD varied from 12.8 to 15.8 mg/l in the surface water, while in the bottom water it varied from 10.2 to 13.5 mg/l at different locations of the study area.

3.12.8 Nutrient content

The phosphate content varied from 0.36 mg/l to 1.09 mg/l in surface water and 0.45 mg/l to 0.63 mg/l in the bottom waters.

The nitrate content varied from 2.1 to 3.4 mg/l in the surface water. Nitrate values of the bottom water were slightly lower than the surface water ranging from 1.9 mg/l to 2.7 mg/l.

3.12.9 Heavy Metals

Heavy metals such as Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg) and Nickel (Ni) in the marine system in the project site for both surface and bottom water was determined during the study period along with the physico-chemical characteristics of the water.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

In the present study, the concentrations of Cu at all the locations were <0.002 mg/l, the Zn level was <0.05mg/l, Lead levels were <0.005 mg/l while mercury levels were <0.005 mg/l.

The heavy metal content in the water is low indicating non contamination of the creek water.

3.13 Sediments

A close relationship exists between the type of sediments and physico-chemical and biological parameters of water. Similarly, the activities in the area also have a profound effect on the sediment composition. Hence, an understanding of the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of the sediments is essential. With this view, the sediment samples from various marine water sampling stations were also collected and their physico-chemical characteristics were analyzed. The results are summarized in Table 3 - 27.

Table 3 - 27: Sediment quality at various sampling locations

Parameters Stations I II III pH 7.6 7.7 7.4 Cadmium, (µg/g) BDL BDL BDL Lead, (µg/g) 10.2 9.5 8.3 Copper, (µg/g) 86.5 63.3 79.4 Zinc, (µg/g) 22.8 23.7 27.2 Mercury, (µg/g) BDL BDL BDL Nickel, (µg/g) Organic matter, (%) 34 15 16 Total volatile solids, (mg/g) 47 56 81 Chlorides, (mg/g) 1030 620 1950 Phosphates, (mg/g) 0.0002 0.0002 0.0003 Nitrates, (mg/g) 0.06 0.05 0.04 Sulphates, (mg/g) 1.29 1.46 2.3

3.13.1 pH

The pH of sediments at different stations ranged from 7.4 to 7.7

3.13.2 Sediment texture

All the sediment samples consist of greyish black marine clay which forma about 95% of the fraction. The remaining parts compose of some sand and weathered stone.

3.13.3 Sulphates

The highest sulphate value was observed at location III (2.3mg/l) and the lowest value observed was 1.29 mg/l at station I.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

3.13.4 Organic matter

The organic matter of the sediment samples varied from 15 to 34 %. The highest value was observed at station I and the lowest value observed at station II.

3.13.5 Total volatile solids

The value of the sediment samples varied from 47 to 81 mg/g.

3.13.6 Trace metals

Trace metals were determined after digestion using Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode Stripping Voltammetry using the Metrohm VA 746 instrument. Double standard addition technique was used for calibration. Samples were preserved in nitric acid. Heavy metals like Cd, Pb, Hg, Cu, Zn, and Ni were analyzed as a part of the study.

3.14 Marine ecology

The productivity of the aquatic ecosystem is determined by the biological characteristics of the water body. The primary productivity plays a vital role in the maintenance of diverse array in the aquatic ecosystem. The phytoplankton- primary producers of the waters trap the solar energy and transform them into potential biochemical energy that sustain life in the waters. They are the food for zooplankton and some fish.

Study of phytoplankton, zooplankton and fish with respect to their diversity, population density and standing crop biomass was carried out in the study area.

3.14.1 Phytoplankton

Phytoplanktons are microscopic chlorophyll bearing organisms that utilize light penetrated through the water column to produce organic carbon through the process of photosynthesis. Their study is important as their density and abundance determine the primary production and also they are good indicators of pollution as they respond quickly to the changes in the environment.

A total of 22 species were recorded in the study area of which 18 belonged to diatoms, 6 to dinoflagellates and 2 to other algae. The dominant diatoms observed were Skeletonema, Thallassiosira and Nitzschia. Chaetoceros, Coscinodiscus, Navicula, Thallasionema were recorded at all the stations. The diversity and the density of phytoplankton in the study area are given in the Table 3 - 28.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Table 3 - 28: Density and biomass of the major Phytoplankton in the study area Sr.no Phytoplankton Groups Density (no. x 102/l) Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 Diatoms 1 Asterionellaspp - 3 13 2 Biddulphia spp. 2 1 12 3 Chaetocerosspp 15 12 54 4 Coscinodiscus spp. 11 14 45 5 Coscinosira 19 21 - 6 Gyrosigma 8 9 12 7 Guinardia - - 1 8 Melosira 36 14 - 9 Navicula oblongata 2 4 15 10 Navicula spp. 28 35 13 11 Nitzschiaspp 115 98 127 12 Pleurosigma - 17 22 13 Rhizosolenia spp. - 24 18 14 Skeletonema spp. 425 397 158 15 Surirella - 1 2 16 Thallasionema spp. 12 10 96 17 Thallasiosira spp. 325 202 315 18 Thallasiothrix - - 36 Dinoflagellates 19 Ceratium - 1 3 20 Peridiniumspp - 2 2 Other algae 21 Anabaena 12 5 - 22 Oscillatoria spp. 20 8 2 TOTAL 1030 878 946

3.14.2 Zooplankton

Zooplanktons are microscopic free floating organisms which are holoplankton or meroplankton in nature. They are an important link between the phytoplankton and the secondary consumers- the fish.

During the study 11 groups very recorded from the area. A clear increase in the population density from the inner estuary to the mouth was observed.

Copepods dominated the population density contributing 50% of the zooplankton population followed by decapod that constituted majorly the larval forms. Density and biomass of the major zooplankton in the study area are given in Table 3 - 29.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Table 3 - 29: Density and biomass of the major zooplankton in the study area

Sr.no Zooplankton Groups Density (no./100m3) Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 1. Chaetognaths 48 33 56 2. Cladocera 5 8 7 3. Copepods 148 182 243 4. Decapoda 85 73 70 5. Fish eggs 1 2 5 6. Fish larvae - 1 4 7. Gastropod larvae 7 9 8 8. Globigerina - 6 5 9. Lamellibranchiata - 3 8 10. Lucifer 2 10 15 11. Polychaetes 23 35 28 Total Density 296 362 449

3.14.3 Benthos

The assemblage of organisms thriving on the sea floor constitutes the benthic fauna. A diversity in the benthic organism can be observed in the intertidal zone and the fauna at the depth.

The study of the meiobenthos and macrobenthos was carried along the transect in the study area. The benthic fauna was poorly represented by 6 meio benthic and 6 macro benthic groups. Density and biomass of the micro-fauna and macro-fauna in the study area are given in Tables 3.30 and 3.31.

Table 3 - 30: Density and biomass of the micro-fauna in the study area

Sr.no Meio benthic fauna Density (no./10 cm2) Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 1 Nematoda 75 47 18 2 Oligochaeta 23 35 28 3 Decapoda larvae 12 10 15 4 Harpaticoidea 8 9 5 5 Archiannelida 7 5 6 6 Unidentified groups 16 14 15 Total Density 141 120 87

Table 3 - 31: Density and biomass of the macro-fauna in the study area

Sr.no Macro benthic fauna Density (no./ m2) Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 1 Oligochaeta 22 13 12 2 Amphipoda 8 9 7 3 Gastropoda 9 11 5 4 Bivalves 6 4 -

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

5 Decapoda - 1 4 6 Shrimps - - 1 Total Density 45 38 29

3.14.4 Fisheries

Since the project under consideration is near the sea side, fisheries are an important aspect to be studied.

The fishing activity can be divided into two major types, viz. Inland fishing and Marine fishing. Approximately 2000 people are engaged in Fishery occupation in Pen region as per the Marine Fishery Census 2005. Majority of the fishes captured are the major carps Cirrhina mrigala, Catla catla, Labeo rohita and catfishes, murrels, Barbus, Hilsa ilisha, Mullets, crabs, prawns, and shrimps. The major carps with their good taste have good economic value. Moreover, they form a major part of the diet of the people in this region. The ratio of inland to marine fish productivity in metric tonnes/year for Raigad district is found to revolve around 0.37 as per the records from the office of the Assistant Director of Fisheries, Alibaug, Raigarh District. List of species of fishes in Raigad is given in Table 3 - 32.

Table 3 - 32: List of species of fishes in Raigad

Sr. No. Scientific name Common name Family 1. Lucifer typus Shrimp Luciferidae 2. Pseudodiaptomusannandalei Copepod Pseudodiaptomidae 3. Chyloscylliumindicum Sunera Orectolobidae 4. Scoliodonsorrakowah Sonmushi Carcharinidae 5. Carchariaslimbatus Mushi Carcharinidae 6. Sphyrnablochii Kawmushi Sphyuidae 7. Rhinobatusgranulatus Ranja Rhinobatidae 8. Pristiscuspidatus Nali Pristidae 9. Gymnurapoesihuri Pakat Trygonidae 10. Himanturableeheri Pakati Trygonidae 11. Mobuladiabolus Bolad Myhisbatidae 12. Kowalakoval Bhigi Clupeidae 13. Sardinellalongiceps Tarali Clupeidae 14. Sardinellafimbriata Pedawa Clupeidae 15. Cenpeasindensis Gubar Clupeidae 16. Chirocentrusdorab Karali Chirocentridae 17. Plotosusanguillaris Narshingali Synodontidae 18. Tachysurussumantranus Shingala Tachysuridae 19. Tachysurusnenga Shingala Tachysuridoe 20. Netumathalassinus Shingala Tachysuridae 21. Netmaseratus Shingala Tachysuridae 22. Pxudariusjella Shingala Tachysuridae 23. Ariosomaanago Waam Murai-nesocidae 24. Ophichtysboro Munderi Ophichthyidae 25. Tylosuruschoram Tali Belonidae

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Sr. No. Scientific name Common name Family 26. Hemiramphauslimbatus Sumb Hemirhamphidae 27. Holocentrusrubrum Piku Cyprinodontidae 28. Sphyralnajello Badvi Sphyrainidae 29. Mugilkelaartii Gunther Mugilidae 30. Liza waiginsis Baui Mugilidae 31. Mugilcarinatus Bai Mugilidae 32. Mugilspligleri Bai Mugilidae 33. Polynemusheptadactylus Rawas Polynemidae 34. Polynemusplebeius Rawas Polynemidae 35. Ambassiscommersoni Kachki Ambassidae 36. Promicrpslancolatus Gobra Serranidae 37. Epinephelusmaculatus Gobra Serranidae 38. Epinephelusundulosus Gobra Serranidae 39. Epinephelustawina Gobra Serranidae 40. Theraponjarbua Naurri Theraponidae 41. Apogonfasciatus Kombda Apogonidae 42. Apogonfrenatus Kimbda Apogonidae 43. Sillagosihama Ranvi Sillaginidae 44. Caranx carangus Shitap Carangidae 45. Chorinemus to Dogal Carangidae 46. Trachinotusbailloni Lodgu Carangidae 47. Sillagosihama Ranvi Sillaginidai 48. Megalaspiscordyla Bangla Carangidae 49. Menimaculata Chand Menidae 50. Lutianusroseus Tambusa Lutianidae 51. Perticafilamentosa Charbat Gerridae 52. Panadasysmaculatus Karkara Pomadasyidae 53. Johnniussina Ghal Sciainidae 54. Scatophagusargus Wada Scatophagidae 55. Acanthurusgahum Suroiya Acanthuridae 56. Rastrelligerkanagurta Bangda Scombridae

3.15 Terrestrial ecology

The study area covers 10 km radius around the project site. This area includes plain areas and hills.

The plain areas consist mostly of agricultural land, fallow land, salt pans and settlements. The Amba River flows through the study area along the SSE – NNW axis. The Amba River is tidal. A number of tidal creeks join the Amba Estuary within the study area.

The hills are forested. The forests on the hills west of the plant site are part of the Pen Reserved Forest (R.F.).

The plant species commonly found in the study area are listed in Table 3 - 33.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Table 3 - 33: List of species growing in the study area Sl. Local vernacular name Botanical name Family No. Trees 1 Bhendi Thespesia populnea Malvaceae 2 Sawar Bombax ceiba Bombacaceae 3 Pandri Sawar Salamalia insignis Bombacaceae 4 Dhup Canarium strictum Bruseraceae 5 Kapur bhendi Turraea villosa Meliaceae 6 Neem Azadirachta indica Meliaceae 7 Koshymb Schleichera oleosa Sapindaceae 8 Ritha Sapindus laurifolia Sapindaceae 9 Amba Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae 10 Ambada Spondias pinnata Anacardiaceae 11 Shemath Lannea coromandelica Anacardiaceae 12 Mosing Moringa concanensis Moringaceae 13 Amli Tamarindus indica Caesalpiniaceae 14 Jambha Xylia xylocarpa Mimosaceae 15 Dhavda Anogeissus latifolia Combretaceae 16 Jambhul Syzygium cumini Myrtaceae 17 Nana Lagerstroemia microcarpa Lythraceae 18 Hed Adina cordifolia Rubiaceae 19 Kadam Mitragyna parviflora Rubiaceae 20 Satvin Alstonia scholaris Apocynaceae 21 - Dolichandrone falcata Bignoniaceae 22 Sag Tectona grandis Verbenaceae 23 Asana Bridelia retusa Euphorbiaceae 24 Avla Phyllanthus emblica Euphorbiaceae 25 - Antidesma acidum Euphorbiaceae 26 Wad Ficus bengalensis Moraceae 27 Payri Ficus virens Moraceae 28 Pimpal Ficus religiosa Moraceae 29 Umber Ficus racemosa Moraceae 30 Phanas Artocarpus heterophyllus Moraceae 31 - Phoenix sylvestris Arecaceae 32 Bherlimar Caryota urens Arecaceae 33 Kevda Pandanus odoratissimus Pandanaceae 34 Ain Terminalia tomentosa Combretaceae 35 Amli/ Apta Bauhinia racemosa Caesalpiniaceae 36 Bel Aegle marmelos Rutaceae 37 Hela Terminalia belerica Combretaceae 38 Hirda Terminalia chebula Combretaceae 39 Karanj Pongamia pinnata Papillionaceae 40 Khair Acacia catechu Mimosaceae 41 Kaju Anacardium occidentalis Anacardiaceae 42 Kakad Garuga pinnata Burseraceae 43 Moha Madhuca longifolia Sapotaceae Shrubs & Under Shrubs 44 Kanthar Capparis sepiaria Capparaceae

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Sl. Local vernacular name Botanical name Family No. 45 Kanvel Ventilago denticulata Rhamnaceae 46 Girnul Cissus woodrowii Vitaceae 47 - Leea indica Leeaceae 48 - Leea robusta Leeaceae 49 Tipan Allophylus cobbe Sapindaceae 50 - Indigofera constricta Fabaceae 51 - Opuntia spp. Cactaceae 52 Alu Meyna spinosa Rubiaceae 53 Bakora Ixora coccinea Rubiaceae 54 Lokhandi Ixora nigricans Rubiaceae 55 Rui Calotropis gigantea Asclepiadaceae 56 - Buddleja asiatica Buddlejaceae 57 Waiti Mackenziea integrifolia Acanthaceae 58 Tantani Lantana camara Verbenaceae 59 Nirgundi Vitex negundo Verbenaceae 60 Kali-shivan Gmelina asiatica Verbenaceae 61 Vanjai Clerodendrum inerme Verbenaceae 62 Bharang Clerodendrum serratum Verbenaceae 63 Erand Ricinus communis Euphorbiaceae 64 Moglai-Erand Jatropha curcas Euphorbiaceae 65 - Boehmeria macrophylla Urticaceae 66 Kardal Ancistrocladus heyneanus Ancistrocladaceae 67 Kabar Capparis spinosa Capparaceae 68 - Urena lobata Malvaceae 69 - Abelomoschus manihot Malvaceae 70 Ambadi Hibiscus cannabinus Malvaceae 71 - Triumfetta rhomboidea Tiliaceae 72 - Sesbania bispinosa Fabaceae 73 - Desmodium velutinum Fabaceae 74 - Desmodium heterocarpon Fabaceae 75 - Indigofera astragalina Fabaceae 76 - Uraria picta Fabaceae 77 - Parthemium hysterophorous Compositae 78 Satavari Asaparagus racemosus Liliaceae 79 Banpat Corchorus olitorius Tiliaceae 80 - Uraria rufescens Fabaceae Climbers 81 Buryel Aspidopterys cordata Malpighiaceae 82 Telitsayel Cissus discolor Vitaceae 83 - Lygodium flexuosum Lygopodiaceae 84 Gulvel Tinospora cordifolia Menispermaceae 85 Kaland Ampelocissus latifolia Vitaceae 86 Palas vel Butea parviflora Fabaceae 87 Alai Dalbergia volubilis Fabaceae 88 Vagati Moullava spicata Caesalpiniaceae 89 Kanal Strychnos minor Loganiaceae Twiners

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Sl. Local vernacular name Botanical name Family No. 90 Vardhara Rourea minor Connaraceae 91 - Hewittia sublobata Convolvulaceae 92 - Merremia spp. Convolvulaceae 93 Gariya Ipomea turbinata Convolvulaceae 94 - Ipomea maxima Convolvulaceae 95 - Dioscorea spp. Dioscoreaceae 96 - Cuscuta chinensis Cuscutaceae 97 Gokarn Clotoria ternatea Fabaceae 98 Nataki Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Fabaceae Herbs 99 - Argemone mexicana Papaveraceae 100 - Bergia ammannioides Elatinaceae 101 - Bergia capensis Elatinaceae 102 Dupari Hibiscus talbotii Malvaceae 103 - Sida acuta Malvaceae 104 - Impatiens kleinii Balsaminaceae 105 Dinda Leea macrophylla Leeaceae 106 Lajalu Mimosa pudica Fabaceae 107 - Crotalaria filipes Fabaceae 108 - Indigofera glandulosa Fabaceae 109 Barki Geissaspis cristata Fabaceae 110 - Smithia salsuginea Fabaceae 111 Kasai Smithia conferta Fabaceae 112 Kavla Smithia sensitiva Fabaceae 113 - Alysicarpus bupleurifolius Fabaceae 114 - Alysicarpus rugous Fabaceae 115 - Alysicarpus vaginalis Fabaceae 116 - Clitoria biflora Fabaceae 117 - Vigna radiata Fabaceae 118 - Vigna angulata Fabaceae 119 - Vigna unguiculata Fabaceae 120 Ran-Udid Teramnus labialis Fabaceae 121 - Cassia kolabensis Caesalpiniaceae 122 - Cassia mimosoides Caesalpiniaceae 123 - Rotala occultiflora Lythraceae 124 - Ammannia multiflora Lythraceae 125 Turai Luffa acutangula Cucurbitaceae 126 Chirati Melothria maderaspatana Cucurbitaceae 127 - Glinus oppositifolius Molluginaceae 128 - Mollugo pentaphylla Molluginaceae 129 Koland Peucedanum spp. Apiaceae 130 - Neanotis rheedei Rubiaceae 131 - Oldenlandia herbacea Rubiaceae 132 - Acanthospermum hispidum Compositae 133 - Eclipta prostrata Compositae 134 Sahadevi Vernonia cineara Compositae 135 Sadamandi Emilia sonchifolia Compositae

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Sl. Local vernacular name Botanical name Family No. 136 - Synedrella nodiflora Compositae 137 - Blainvillea acmella Compositae 138 - Pentanema cernuum Compositae 139 - Gnaphalium polycaulon Compositae 140 Burando Blumea lacera Compositae 141 Buranda Tridax procumbens Compositae 142 - Sphenoclea zeylanica Sphenocleaceae 143 Luntak Centaurium centaurioides Gentianaceae 144 - Heliotropicum indicum Boraginaceae 145 - Rotula aquatica Cordiaceae 146 - Ipomea aquatica Convolvulaceae 147 Ran-popti Physalis minima Solanaceae 148 - Verbascum chinense Scrophulariaceae 149 - Dopatrium junceum Scrophulariaceae 150 - Lindenaria spp. Scrophulariaceae 151 Ran-til Sesamum mulayanum Pedaliaceae 152 Vichuacha-jhar Martynia annua Martyniaceae 153 - Hygrophila quadrivalvis Acanthaceae 154 - Hygrophila serpyllum Acanthaceae 155 Kateri Haplanthodes verticillata Acanthaceae 156 - Neuracanthus sphaerostachyus Acanthaceae 157 - Barleria cristatus Acanthaceae 158 - Asystasia dalzelliana Acanthaceae 159 - Ocimum americanum Labiatae 160 Ran-tulsi Orthosiphon thymiflorus Labiatae 161 - Acrocephalus hispidus Labiatae 162 Ghetali Boerhavia diffusa Nyctiginaceae 163 - Amaranthus spp. Amaranthaceae 164 Aghada Achyranthes aspera Amaranthaceae 165 - Aclypha malabarica Euphorbiaceae 166 - Laportea interrupta Urticaceae 167 - Eichhornia crassipes Pontederiaceae 168 - Cyanotis cristata Commelinaceae 169 - Murdannia nudiflora Commelinaceae 170 - Cyperus triceps Cyperaceae 171 - Cyperus pumilus Cyperaceae 172 - Cyperus difformis Cyperaceae 173 - Cyperus alulatus Cyperaceae 174 - Cyperus pangorei Cyperaceae 175 - Cyperus rotundus Cyperaceae 176 - Eleocharis geniculata Cyperaceae 177 - Fuirena cliaris Cyperaceae 178 - Fimbristylis spp. Cyperaceae 179 - Scirpus roylei Cyperaceae 180 - Triplopogon ramosissimus Graminae 181 - Ischaemum commutatum Graminae 182 - Bothriochloa bladhii Graminae

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Sl. Local vernacular name Botanical name Family No. 183 - Panicum notatum Graminae 184 - Setaria glauca Graminae 185 - Setaria intermedia Graminae 186 Kudak Opilesmenus burmanii Graminae 187 - Brachiaria ramosa Graminae 188 - Digitaria stricta Graminae 189 - Alloteropsis cimicina Graminae 190 - Eragrostis unioloides Graminae 191 - Eragrostis pilosa Graminae 192 - Elytrophorus spicatus Graminae 193 - Elusine indica Graminae 194 - Chloris virgata Graminae 195 Durva Cynodon dactylon Graminae 196 - Isachne elegans Graminae 197 - Arundinella pumila Graminae 198 - Arundinella setosa Graminae 199 - Sporolobus indicus Graminae 200 - Adiantum philippense Adiantaceae 201 Kamal Nymphaea spp Nymphaeaceae

The ecological features of the study area can be described under following heads:

I. Plantations around Human Settlements II. Waste land III. Forest area IV. Plantations V. Agriculture VI. Amba River VII. Wild life and Avi-fauna

3.15.1 Plants around Human Settlements

The species commonly found are given in Table3 - 34. The trees commonly grown around human settlement are mostly of economic importance. Among the fruit trees, which are common are Mango, Drumstick, Jackfruit, Bel, Jamun, Coconut, Areca-nut, Banana, Papaya, etc.

Table3 - 34: List of trees/shrubs growing in and around human settlement Sl. No. Scientific Name Common Name 1. Albezzia procera Kinnai 2. Aegle marmelos Bel 3. Artocarpus integra Panasa 4. Bambusa bambos Kalak, Padai 5. Bougainvellea spectabilis Bougainvellea 6. Carica papaya Papita 7. Citrus lemon Nimbu

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Sl. No. Scientific Name Common Name 8. Delonix regia Gulmohar 9. Eucalyptus spp Nilgiri 10. Ficus bengalensis Wad 11. Ficus religiosa Pimpal 12. Mangifera indica Amba 13. Moringa oleifera Shevga 14. Musa sapientum Banana 15. Phoenix humilis Shawri 16. Pongamia pinnata Karanj 17. Syzigium cumnii Jamul 18. Tamarindus indica Chinch / Imli 19. Zyziphus sp. Ber 20. Embelica officinalis Awala 21. Dendrocalamus strictus Shib, Udha 22. Tectona grandis Sag / Teak 23. Spondias mangifera Ambada 24. Anacardium occidentale Kaju 25. Bombax malabaricum Sawar / semal 26. Cassia fistula Bhaya 27. Cocos nucifera Coconut 28. Ficus elastica Rubber tree 29. Lagerstroemia parviflora Bondara, Lendi 30. Saraca indica Ashok 31. Azadirachta indica Neem 32. Areca catechu Supari

3.15.2 Waste land

The features of the vegetation found in the wasteland are common shrubs and grasses.

3.15.3 Forest areas

The forests in the study area are present on the hills in the eastern part of the study area and in the south-western quadrant of the study area. The forests in the eastern part of the study area form part of Pen Reserve Forest.

The forests are classified as Southern tropical moist mixed deciduous forests. The forests in the study area, especially the lower hill slopes, are mostly in degraded condition due to biotic pressure from nearby villagers. On the upper reaches of the hills, dense mixed jungles are present in patches where sufficient soil cover is present.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Photograph 3 – 1: View of Pen R.F., ~1 km west of steel Plant

Photograph 3 – 2: View of Pen R.F., ~4 km West of Steel Plant

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

3.15.4 Plantations The study area is undulating, with the hillocks and slopes either denuded of vegetation or with trees. Most of the tree areas are private plantations, either natural or other wise replanted by mono-cultures of cashew, mango, coconut and areca-nut.

3.15.5 Agriculture

Owing to inadequate irrigation facilities most of the agricultural crops are dependent on monsoon. Kharif (early monsoon) crops cover most of the gross cropped area in the region. Paddy is the main Kharif crop of the region. Eleusine coracana (Ragi / Finger millet / Nagli), Paspalum scrobiculatum (kodra / millet) and Panicum meliaceum (Varai / Proso grass) are other Kharif crops. Pulse crops like horse gram (kulthi), black gram (Urad), small fruited dolichos (chavli) etc. are also grown in this season.

3.15.6 Aquatic Flora

Amba is the only major river in study area. This river is tidal and flows into the Arabian Sea about 17 km west of the project site. There are several tidal creeks leading to Amba River. Adjacent to the project site, the river flows through a flat plain and the spread is considerable. The tidal range is about 1 m.

Photograph 3 – 3: View of Amba River near Project site

The mangrove species found in Amba River are listed in Table 3 – 35.

As such there are no mangroves in immediate vicinity of the project area under consideration. No mangroves will be cut during project implementation and utmost care will be taken to conserve them.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Table 3 - 35: List of Mangroves and Associates found in Amba River Sl. No. Habit Scientific Name Common Name (English / Marathi) Mangroves 1 Small tree Aegericas corniculatum Kajla 2 Small tree Avicennia marina Tivar 3 Tree Avicennia officinalis White Mangrove / Tivar 4 Tree Bruguiera gymnorhiza - 5 Tree Bruguiera caryophylloides - 6 Small tree Ceriops decandra Chauri 7 Small tree Ceriops tagal Chauri 8 Large shrub Excoecaria agallocha Binding tree / Geva 9 Tree Rhizophora apiculata Kamodumbi 10 Tree Rhizophora mucronata Kamodumbi 11 Shrub / small tree Salvadora persica - 12 Small tree Sonneratia apetala - 13 Tree Sonneratia griffithii - 14 Small tree Sonneratia alba - Associates 15 Shrub Acanthus illicifolius Sea holly / Marandi 16 Straggling shrub Clerodendron inerme - 14 Shrubby diffuse herb Cressa cretica Rudravanti / Lona 15 Woody climbing shrub Derris trifoliata - 16 Woody climbing shrub Derris uliginosa - 17 Sedge Fimbristylis ferruginea - 18 Grass Porteresia coarctata Wild rice 19 Perennial grass Urochondra setulosa Nedi Non-Mangrove Halophytes 20 Perennial grass Aeluropus lagopoides - 21 Perennial herb Sesuvium portulacastrum Sea purslane 22 Small shrub Saueda maritima Sea blite 23 Erect reed / Sedge Scirpus littoralis Bullrush 24 Small tree Tamarix troupii Badi Mai 25 Shrub Hibiscus spp. - 26 Erect reed / Sedge Cyperus spp. - 27 Herb Hygrophilla spinosa Talikhana

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Photograph 3 – 4: Sonneratia and Avicennia on banks of creek near Village Shirki, ~3.5 km N of Site

Along the Amba River, the mangroves are very dense. The density and diversity of the mangroves is distinctly lower in the smaller creeks. Along the smallest creeks true mangroves are absent; instead only Associates and Non-mangrove Halophytes are present.

There are some salt pans in the study area, north of the plant site. Obviously the vegetation of these salt pans is very sparse and consists of halophytic herbs such as Hygrophilla spinosa, Saueda maritima and Sesuvium portulacastrum.

3.15.7 Fauna

The study area is poor in wildlife as there are few good forests in the region and that too away from the study area. In the study area, Hare, Jackals and foxes are seen adjacent to the rocky hills. Langurs and Bonnet monkeys are present in the forest areas as well as in the villages. Wild Boar is found in scrub jungle. Of the reptiles, Rat snake, Cobra and Vipers are seen. There is no good forest in the study area due to which wild fauna are poorly represented. The common wild life and avi-fauna found in the study area are given Tables 3 - 36 and 3 - 37, respectively.

Table 3 - 36: List of Wild Animals in the study area Sl. Common Name / Local Scientific Name Schedule of Wild Life Protection No. Name Act in Which Listed Mammals 1. Common Mongoose Herpestres edwardsii IV 2. Indian Fox / Kolha Vulpes bengalensis II 3. Jackal / Khokad Canis aureus III

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Sl. Common Name / Local Scientific Name Schedule of Wild Life Protection No. Name Act in Which Listed 4. Bonnet monkey / Makad Macaca radiata III 5. Bhekar Muntiacus muntjak III 6 Common house Rat Rattus rattus V 7 Squirrel Funambulus pennanti IV 8 Wild Boar / Ran dukkar Sus scrofa III 9 Porcupine / Sayal Hystrix lecura IV 10 Indian hare Lepus nigricollis ruficaudatus IV 11 Common Langur Presbytis entellus III 12 Indian Field Mouse Mus booduga V Reptiles 13 Common Krait Bungarus caeruleus - 14 Russel’s Viper Vipera russelii III 15 Cobra Naja naja III 16 Yellow Rat Snake Ptyas mucosus III 17 Common Skink Mabuya carinata - 18 Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor -

Table 3 - 37: List of birds found in the Study Area Sl. Common Name / Local Scientific Name Schedule of Wild Life Protection No. Name Act in Which Listed 1. White breasted waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus IV 2. Blue Rock Pigeon Columba livia IV 3. Kentish Plover Charadius alexandrinus IV 4. Common Crow Corvus splendens V 5. Jungle Crow Corvus marorhynchos IV 6. Common Mynah Acridotheres tristis IV 7. Jungle Mynah Acridotheres fuscus IV 8. Doves Streptopelia spp. IV 9. Gray Quail Coturnix coturnix IV 10. Grey Jungle Fowl Gallus sonnerattii IV 11. Grey Partridge Perdix perdix IV 12. House Sparrow Passer domesticus - 13. Jungle bush Quail Perdicula asiatica IV 14. Crow Pheasant Centropus sinensis IV 15. Jungle fowl Gallus gallus IV 16. Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger IV 17. Gulls Larus spp. IV 18. Terns Sterna spp. IV 19. Pariah Kite Milvus migrans - 20. Partridge / Teetar Francolinus spp. IV 21. Pied Mynah Sturnus contra IV 22. Jungle babbler Turdoides spp. IV 23. Rose Ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri IV 24. Snipe Rhynchocoela bengalensis IV 25. Wagtail Motacilla spp. IV 26. Brahminy Kite Haliastus indus IV 27. Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis IV

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Sl. Common Name / Local Scientific Name Schedule of Wild Life Protection No. Name Act in Which Listed 28. Grey Heron Ardea cinerea IV 29. Purple Heron Ardea purpurea IV 30. Small green bee-eater Merops orientalis IV 31. Little grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis IV 32. Common redshank Tringa totanus IV 33. Black capped kingfisher Halcyon pileata IV 34. White breasted kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis IV 35. Little egret Egretta garzetta IV 36. Indian Reef Heron Egretta gularis IV 37. Purple Sunbird Nectarinia asiatica IV 38. Pond Heron Ardeola grayii IV 39. Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola IV 40. Sandpiper Xenus cinerea IV 41. Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicata IV

The Bioinformatics Centre, National Institute of Oceanography, Goa has reported the presence of the following organisms in Amba Estuary:

Table 3 - 38: Aquatic Fauna Known to be Present in Amba estuary* Sl. No. Organism a. Crustaceans 1 Atypopenaeus stenodactylus. (Periscope shrimp) 2 Charybdis annulata (Swimming crab) 3 Charybdis cruciata (Cross crab) 4 Exhippolystomata ensirostris 5 Fenneropenaeus merguiensis (Banana Prawn) 6 Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Giant River Prawn) - larvae 7 Matuta lunaris (Moon crab) 8 Matuta planipes (Reticulated Moon crab) 9 Metapenaeus affinis. (Jinga shrimp) 10 Metapenaeus brevicornis. (Yellow shrimp) 11 Metapenaeus dobsoni (Kadal shrimp) 12 Metapenaeus monoceros (Speckled shrimp) 13 Palaemon semlenkii (Prawn) 14 Parapenaeopsis hardwikii (Spear shrimp) 15 Parapenaeopsis sculptilus (Rainbow shrimp) 16 Parapenaeopsis stylifera (Kiddi shrimp) 17 Penaeus indicus (Indian prawn) 18 Scylla serrata (Mud crab) b. Fishes 19 Anodontostoma chakunda (Chacunda gizzard shad) 20 Arius arius (Threadfin sea catfish) 21 Arius caelatus (Engraved catfish) 22 Arius maculatus (Spotted catfish) 23 Boleopthalmus glaucus (Mudskipper) 24 Carangoides equula (Whitefin trevally) 25 Coilia dussumieri (Gold spotted grenadier anchovy)

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Sl. No. Organism 26 Cynoglossus microlepidotus (Tongue sole) 27 Cynoglossus punticeps (Speckled tongue sole) 28 Dendrophyssa russelii (Goatee croaker) 29 Euryglossa orientalis (Oriental sole) 30 Harpodon nehereus (Bombay duck) 31 Ilisha megaloptera (Bigeye ilisha) 32 Johnius dussumieri (Sin croaker) 33 Johnius glaucus (Pale spotfin croaker) 34 Kathala axillaris (Kathala croaker) 35 Lates calcarifer (Bhetki) 36 Leiognathus splendens (Splendid ponyfish) 37 Lepturacanthus haumela (Ribbon fish) 38 Lepturacanthus savala (Ribbon fish) 39 Lutjanus johni (John’s snapper) 40 Mugil cephalus (Flat-head mullet) 41 Muraenesox talabonoides (Yellow pike conger) 42 Opisthopterus tardoore (Tardoore) 43 Otolithes cuvieri (Bahaba) 44 Otolithoides biauritus (Bronze croaker) 45 Pampus argenteus (Silver pomfret) 46 Pampus chinensis (Chinese pomfret) 47 Paranibea semiluctosa (Half mourning croaker) 48 Plotosus lineatus (Striped eel catfish) 49 Polynemus heptadactylus (Seven finger threadfin) 50 Protonibea dicanthus (Spotted croaker) 51 Scatophagus argus (Spotted seat) 52 Scoliodon laticaudus (Spade nose shark) 53 Sillago sihama (Silver sillago) 54 Terapond jarbua (Jarbua terapon) 55 Thryssa mystax. (Anchovy) 56 Thryssa vitriostris. (Anchovy) 57 Trichura savala. (Ribbon fish) 58 Trypauchen vagina. (Burrowing goby) 59 Upeneus sulphureus (Sunrise goatfish) * As per Website: http://www.biosearch.in Names in ( ) are the Common English names.

In addition to the above, the following species were also observed in fishermen’s hauls and / or along the shores of Amba Estuary:  Alpheus spp. (Pistol shrimp)  Periopthalmus novemradiatus (Indian Mudskipper)  Uca spp. (Fiddler Crabs)  Rock Oysters  Sea anemones  Squilla spp. (Mantis shrimp)  Shore crabs  Acorn barnacles

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

3.15.8 Endangered Species

The study area did not record the presence of any critically threatened plant or animal species.

3.16 Traffic potential

Proposed captive terminal at Dharamtar is fully protected jetty with sufficient waterway to take marine activities throughout the year. The distance from Mumbai Jetty's outer anchorage to the proposed terminal is approximately 18.0 nautical miles and has a navigational channel with tidal variation of the order of 5.0 meters allowing loaded barges upto 8000 tones. There is road connection to national highway NH-17 which joins coastal highway to Goa. Sufficient warehousing arrangement has been provided storage of containers cargo or bulk cargo, there is a need for bulk terminal to cater for the traffic handled at Dharamtar jetty. Since the proposed terminal is for transport of materials for development of proposed, the location is very conveniently located from efficiency and economic consideration.

3.17 Rehabilitation and resettlement

Since this development is on the land owned by JSWDPL there is no R & R applicable for this project. There are no encroachments on the site and therefore there is no displacement and rehabilitation for the project.

3.18 Socio-Economic factor

Socio-economic profile of the study area plays an important role in any such development project, since it may be negatively or positively impacted due to the proposed developmental project. Therefore it is necessary access the socio-economic impact of the proposed project. There are various factors dealing with socio-economic study including the demographic profile of the area, the worker classification and Economic status of the area, the occupational details as well as the facilities/amenities provided to the people of the area. The proposed project impacts the social profile of the study area by direct and in-direct employment during construction and operation phases, change in demography, up-liftment of education, economics, health and hygiene etc. The socio economic data is given in the Table 3 - 39.

Table 3 - 39: Socio-Economic Profile of the Study Area SR.No. Name of the village Total Population Male Female 1 Boris 455 231 224 2 Pezari 1500 786 714 3 Shahabaj 2739 1388 1351 4 Shrigaon 1528 745 783 5 Ghasawad 511 254 257 6 Poynad 3461 1861 1600 7 Ambepur 4367 2227 2140 8 Dolvi 2849 1566 1283 9 Wadkhal 2934 1576 1358 10 Washi 2669 1338 1331

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

For assessing the baseline socio-economic data, information from secondary data sources i.e. the 2001 Census data has been considered.

For the socio-economic study of the area, 10 nearby villages viz. Boris, Pezari, Shahabaj, Shrigaon, Ghasawad, Wadkhal, Washi, Dolvi, Poynad and Ambepur were chosen.

The study area (i.e. an area within 10 km radius of the proposed site) falls in the Raigad district of Maharashtra State. The study area comprises both rural and urban areas. Population data based on 2001 Census data for these 10 villages along with male- female population, scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, education facilities falling within the study area of the proposed project site are presented in Table 3 - 40 ,3 - 41 and 3 - 42.

Table 3 - 40: Amenities available within village SR. Name of the Village Educational Medical Drinking Communication Power No. Water Supply 1 Boris -(-5) -(-5) T BS ED W EO 2 Pezari P -(-5) HP BS ED M EO 3 Shahabaj P(3) PHC T BS ED M D W EO 4 Dolvi -(-5) -(-5) T BS ED W EO 5 Poynad P -(-5) T BS ED M W EO H PUC 6 Ambepur P HC T BS ED M D W EO H FPC TK RP

Table 3.41: Total Main Workers SR. Name of the Scheduled Scheduled Literates Total working No. village casters tribes Population M F M F M F M F 1 Boris 4 4 22 14 204 170 129 48 2 Pezari 0 0 0 0 608 460 426 222 3 Shahabaj 1 1 10 9 1185 960 616 413 4 Shrigaon 0 0 191 186 551 454 474 347 5 Ghasawad 0 0 254 257 182 147 140 148 6 Poynad 8 5 245 228 1605 1201 998 374 7 Ambepur 31 22 8 7 1828 1504 1071 258 8 Dolvi 1 1 106 111 1209 550 995 357 9 Wadkhal 30 28 135 137 1144 600 939 371 10 Washi 0 0 10 11 1078 436 742 657

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Table 3.42: Industrial Categories of Main Workers SR. Name of the Cultivators Agricultural Livestock/forestry/ Other Workers No. village Laborers fishing/hunting etc. M F M F M F M F 1 Boris 25 21 4 9 10 4 90 14 2 Pezari 68 67 111 106 15 7 232 42 3 Shahabaj 63 67 191 273 11 10 351 63 4 Shrigaon 115 104 76 111 5 19 278 113 5 Ghasawad 20 8 59 121 1 0 60 19 6 Poynad 114 56 229 219 76 29 579 70 7 Ambepur 66 35 108 41 106 31 791 151 8 Dolvi 151 54 207 253 151 35 486 15 9 Wadkhal 77 74 57 150 19 15 786 132 10 Washi 172 205 236 356 21 5 313 91

The Tables 3 - 42 and 3 - 42 above describe that comparatively less education and working population in Females is seen than Males. Details about existing education facilities such as number of schools (i.e. Primary, Middle and Secondary and other educational facilities) in the study area are provided in the same table. As can be seen from this table, education up till primary and middle school level is available in all the villages in the study area. Majority of the population is engaged in other working profession i.e. other than Cultivators and Agricultural laborers.

Employment pattern in these villages is presented in the same table. Parameters such as total main workers, male and female workers and non-workers etc. are detailed in this section of the annexure.

3.19 Community services

The study also includes details on medical facilities and drinking water facilities in the rural parts of the study. As can be seen from the table, medical facilities in rural parts of the study area are very poor with only Primary Health Sub-Centres (PHC) available in most of the villages. Dispensaries are available at two villages namely, Poynad and Shahabaj. No other medical facilities are available in the rural part of the study area. However, private medical practitioners serve most of the villages in the study area.

Good medical facilities are available at Alibag, Pen and Panvel, the nearest towns. These include well-equipped government and private hospitals, dispensaries, family planning centers, etc.

As can be seen from table, drinking water supply is available in all the villages in the study area. In most of the villages, water supply is either through tap water or well water. Hand pumps have been provided wherever tap water or well water is not provided.

As for the other community services such as post and telegraph and electric power supply, information is provided in this table. Postal services are available in most of the

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra villages except Dolvi and Boris villages either through Post Office or Post & Telegraph office. Also, most of the villages in the study area are provided with electricity supply.

3.20 Transportation

The common mode of transportation in the study area is through State transport buses. Pen is the nearest station on the Konkan railway line connecting Mangalore-Mumbai. Tar roads connect the villages in the study area. The project site is connected to the Mumbai-Goa National Highway No. NH 17 by a State Highway road. Locals in this area use bicycles, two-wheelers and auto rickshaws for internal transportation. The site is accessible by road from the State Highway connected to NH 17.

Nearest airport is Mumbai airport which is about 80 km from the site.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

4.0 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 Introduction

This chapter identifies environmental, social and health impacts mitigation measures associated with the construction and operation of the proposed Jetty expansion activity. For each aspect, the section identifies and describes both generic and specific potential impacts that might arise as a result of the project’s construction and operations.

Construction for the proposed Jetty will require inputs, including raw materials (insitu piles, pre-casted beams, sand, concrete and steel); dredging equipment; skilled and unskilled labour; water, energy and supply of other utilities; sanitation and health services, etc. The major construction activities will include construction work, dredging operations and disposal of dredged material, storage of raw materials, storage and disposal of wastes/dredged materials, material handling.

Potential sources of environmental impact from Jetty operations may include shipping movements; discharge of wastewater and solid waste; dredging and dredged material disposal; accidental fuel spillage; cargo unloading/loading storage, sewage and solid waste from ships as well as air and noise emissions due to combustion, material handling.

4.2 Impacts & mitigation measures during construction phase

Various Impacts during the Construction phase of the expansion of the proposed jetty were observed and adequate mitigation measures are suggested for the same.

4.2.1 Dredging

The dredging and other construction activities normally increase the turbidity levels in the water column. However the dredged material from the dredging site will be used for reclamation and the remaining shall be used for the enrichment of the shore. Thus in no case will the dredged material be disposed into the sea. This will reduce the impact due to turbidity to a great extent.

The dredging processes will have impact on the following:

Suspended Sediments and Turbidity levels the construction material like stones, pebbles, gravel and sand would be needed for reclamation. It is proposed to use the reclamation material available in the sea/creek bed. The extraction of these materials may affect the marine water quality due to increase in the turbidity levels. This is mainly because the dredged material gets released during one or all the operations mentioned below:

 Dredging of material from the Sea/creek bed.  Loss of material during transport to the surface.  Overflow from the dredger while loading/pumping

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

 Loss of material from the dredger during transportation.

The cumulative impact of all the above operations is increase in turbidity that results in a decrease in the depth of light penetrationinto the water column. This may affect submerged plants, by temporarily reducing productivity and growth rates. the benthic fauna is not well developed in the areas, hence impacts on them is not expected to be significant.

The degree of re-suspension of sediments and turbidity during dredging and disposal depends on:

 Sediments being dredged (size, density and quality of the material)  Method of dredging (and disposal)  Hydrodynamic regime in the dredging and disposal area (current direction and speed, mixing rate, tidal state) and  Existing water quality and characteristics (background suspended sediment and turbidity levels).

In most cases, sediment re-suspension is only likely to present a potential problem if it is moved out of the immediate dredging location by tidal processes. In general, the effects of suspended sediments and turbidity are generally short term (<1 week after activity) and near-field (<1km from activity). These are of concern only, if sensitive species are located in the vicinity of the maintained channel. Since, no sensitive species are observed in the areas to be dredged, hence, no adverse impacts are anticipated. In addition no sea dumping of material is envisaged as the materials excavated shall be used for reclamation and other construction activities.

Impacts due to contaminated sediments

Another possible impact is the release of toxicants from the sediment if it is contaminated. In the case of contaminated sediment acute or chronic toxicity on the organisms and bioaccumulation in the environment are the possible effects. It has been generally found that, if sediments are not toxic in-situ, they do not become so even after the disposal. The analysis of the sediments show that they are non toxic in nature; no toxicity is expected even after the reclamation.

Marine Water Quality

The chemical impacts due to the disposal of dredged material are dependent on the redox potential and pH. Normally, if pH remains around 8, heavy metals will remain bound to the solid phase. The pH of the sediments as well as the marine water is slightly alkaline in the project area. In the post-project phase, after the reclamation of land, pH and redox potential in the adjacent water is not expected to alter and the heavy metals are likely to remain bound to the sediments. Thus, no impact on the marine water quality is anticipated due to dumping of material for reclamation. The other sources of impact on marine water quality during the construction phase would be due to extensive activities in the inter-tidal and sub-tidal areas for construction of berths etc., and disposal of uncontrolled liquid effluents generated from construction.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

However, there will be no misuse of the intertidal area by workforce employed during construction phase, which can locally degrade the intertidal sediment by increasing the populations of pathogens. Since local laborers will be employed there will be no discharge of waste or wastewater form the Labour Camp sites.

Impacts on Marine Ecology

The project area has low productivity. There are no sites of ecological significance or spawning grounds in and around the project area. The dredging activities have a significant impact on the benthic organisms. The suspended matter may also hamper the photosynthetic activity of the phytoplankton. The impact on the phytoplankton shall be temporary and shall be restored when the suspended matter settles down.

Mitigation Measures

Soft-scraping of the sea-bottom shall be done before dredging so as to avoid any negative impact on the benthic Organisms of the Marine Water. This soft scrapped material will be smoothly transported to another site which is favorable for the reproduction of such organism minimizing the impact on the Marine flora fauna as much as possible. There will be no misuse of the intertidal area by workforce employed during construction phase, which can locally degrade the intertidal sediment by increasing the populations of pathogens. Since local labourers will be employed there will be no discharge of waste or wastewater form the Labour Camp sites.

Fisheries

There are no much fishing activities in the existing approach channel to the jetty area. The impact on fishes may be either due to physical impact of suspended solids or due to changes caused in the food chain. As fishes are capable of free movement in water, they avoid areas with higher turbidity. The fishes return to the area once the turbidity reduces after the cessation of dredging and dumping activities. Thus, the proposed dredging activities shall have no significant impact on the fishes in the area.

Mitigation Measures during Dredging

The dredging will be done by 'Cutter Suction Dredger' (CSD). The method is preferred as it has minimal environmental impacts as far as increase in water turbidity is concerned. This is because of the fact that the dredged material is sucked before it gets an opportunity to spread. The sediments in the project area are mainly sandy in texture. The clay content is very less. A small quantity of sediments is likely to escape the cutter-suction head, which may enter the water environment in the immediate vicinity of the dredging site. Since, the texture is mainly sandy; the increase in turbidity level may last for a period of 3 to 4 days, once the dredging activities are over. Moreover proper mitigation measures will be taken such as the dredge material shall be reused for the reclamation and rest of it will be used as shore enrichment depending on the characteristics of the dredged spoil.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Thus, no major change in marine water quality due to transfer of ions from sediments to water is anticipated. It can be concluded that apart from short-term increase in turbidity levels, no other significant effect on marine quality due to dredging is anticipated.

The following recommendations will also be adopted to ameliorate adverse impacts of dredging to the extent possible:

 Dredger operators should follow proper safety procedures to avoid accidents and spills.  Authorities should ensure that all the ships moving in proximity to the area to be dredged or disposal sites do not affect such activities or vice-versa.  To reduce the potential errors regular monitoring of the dredging activities shall be carried out.  The timing of dredging and disposal activities could be planned, where ever practicable, to avoid and reduce any adverse impacts on sensitive marine flora and fauna. Measures could be planned in terms of the local hydro dynamics for minimizing sediment suspension and extent of the area affected.

4.2.2 Water environment

Water shall not be abstracted from any surface or ground water body for the construction phase of the project. No existing resources/water sources (surface/groundwater), which are currently being used by the villagers for the purpose of obtaining drinking water and/or water for irrigation or other purposes. Drinking water requirements during the construction phase will be met through tankers to the construction sites.

4.2.2.1 Potential Impact on Water Quality

The only impacts envisaged on the surface and ground water quality of the area, during construction phase is the accidental spillage of oil or fuel from construction machinery that may run off into near-by surface and groundwater water bodies and/or uncontrolled liquid effluents from construction site or the labour composites.

Mitigation Measures

 The wastewater from the washing and other construction activity shall be treated accordingly and reused.  local people will be employed, there will be no labour camps on the site. the workers shall use the lavarotaries existing on the site. thusno additional waste water discharge or solid waste generation from labour camps during construction phase is envisaged.

4.2.2.2 Potential Impact on Marine Environment: Sediment Transport at the Jetty

The potential sources of impacts on sediment transport at Jetty during the construction phase will be due to reclamation Construction of the Jetty basin dredging, reclamation etc.,

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

have a potential to modify the dynamics of the near shore environment. Construction of the Jetty could obstruct the littoral transport at Jetty leading to accretion to the south of the basin while the coastal segment north of the Jetty could be starved of the littoral material leading to localized erosion. However proposed project is an expansion project and thus will require less construction as compared to construction of a new jetty.

Profiles of tides, currents and circulation of the area however are unlikely to be grossly influenced due to the construction of the Jetty basin.

Mitigation Measures

Adequate scour protection will be applied to prevent damage due to scouring and bathymetric survey will be carried out to ensure that any accretion creates no risk to navigation/sediment transport at the Jetty.

4.2.3 Biological environment

4.2.3.1 Potential Impact on Terrestrial Biology

As the construction of the Jetty is in the inter-tidal and sub-tidal area, no immediate impact on terrestrial biological environment is envisaged. The project area does not fall under any reserved forest area.

Mitigation Measures

 No terrestrial vegetation will be cleared for the construction activities.  The necessary stockpiles will be maintained within the footprint of the project site.  The construction laborers will be prohibited from using vegetation for fuel wood. 4.2.3.2 Potential Impact on Freshwater Biology

The construction of the Jetty will not have any impact on freshwater bodies considering its location and operations philosophy.

4.2.3.3 Potential Impact on Marine Biology Potential impacts on marine biological environment during the Jetty construction phase may due to loss of wetland and or disturbance in the coastal areas. the expansion of the jetty shall not disturb the coastal area.

The capital dredging operations may also lead to potential impacts due to:

 Re suspension and settlement of sediments  Increased turbidity decreasing the light penetration and photosynthetic activity  Short-term depletion of dissolved oxygen levels  Changes in species diversity and structure of benthic communities  Loss of benthic habitats due to disturbance of the bottom sea floor if any.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

the construction and dredging activities in the intertidal and sub-tidal areas proposed for the development of the Jetty may influence the local ecology. The impact on the intertidal biota of the affected areas and those of dredged as well as reclaimed sites may be considerable.

The construction of various marine facilities like berths, bulk and general cargo terminal and berths, bund, shore protection measures, approach channel, emergency exit channel etc; reclamation in the intertidal as well as the sub tidal zones; and dredging would temporarily change the local marine ecology. The impacts on the benthic habitats regime would be considerable due to dredging activities. The region has a low biomass as well as diversity. The benthic population shall restored in course of one year.

Mitigation Measures

 As a general rule, the developer will ensure that untreated effluents are not discharged into the marine environment.

 There will be no disposal of dredged material into the sea, it will be reused for reclamation as well as for enrichment of the shore based on its characteristics. Thus the impact on ecology would be minor, temporary and reversible.

4.2.4 Land environment

4.2.4.1 Potential Impact on Land use/Landscape

The proposed project would require significant amount of construction material .The fine and the coarse aggregates required for the construction activities are proposed to be excavated from authorized local quarries or borrow pits. During construction phase, runoff from these sites would increase soil erosion of such sites. If such sites are left untreated after excavation of construction material then rainwater is likely to get stored in these sites, which are then likely to serve as breeding grounds for the mosquitoes.

Mitigation Measures

 All the construction materials will be disposed as per MPCB norms.  Proper drain will be provided to collect the rainwater during the monsoon to prevent the soil erosion.  All the borrow pits would be properly levelled, so that no isolated pools and puddles are left over once water dries up.

4.2.4.2 Potential Impact on Soil Quality

The construction of the jetty will be carried out in the inter-tidal and the sub-tidal area and hence no major impacts are anticipated on the land environment. As the dredged material is free of contamination, there will be no contamination of the soil due to reclamation.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

The construction waste generated will be reused for levelling and enrichment of shore. The dredged material is also envisaged to be reused for land reclamation. Thus there will be no major impact on the Land Environment during the Construction phase.

Mitigation Measures

 Developer shall take adequate measures to prevent disposal of any waste generated which may contaminate the soil.  Waste management plans as per the MPCB norms will be strictly followed to prevent spills and leakage into the soil.

4.2.4.3 Potential Impact on Hydrology

Only temporary and localized impacts on hydrology are expected due to the construction activities. These could arise from temporary obstruction to natural flow of water due to foundation excavation, stack material disposal etc., resulting in alteration in the submergence area along the proposed site. There is a low significance of these impacts, which can be easily overcome by appropriate construction methodology and practices.

Mitigation Measures

 A peripheral drainage system will be developed to ensure that the hydrology of the area remains largely the same.  The developer will ensure that appropriate construction methodology and practices will be followed during the construction phase.

4.2.4.4Potential Impact on Morphology

The creation of reclamation for the Jetty and capital dredging will have some impacts on the coastal morphology in the long-term.

4.2.5 Air environnent

4.2.5.1Potential Impact on Ambient Air Quality

During the construction phase, some emissions can be expected from the diesel generator(s). All other emission sources air intermittent and include emissions from materials transported from heavy vehicles on site and from marine vessels. The emissions are temporary and not expected to contribute significantly to the ambient air quality and will be within prescribed limits for industrial regions.

Mitigation Measures

The following measures are recommended to control air pollution:

 The contractor will be responsible for maintaining properly functioning construction equipment to minimize exhaust.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

 Construction equipment and vehicles will be turned off when not used for extended periods of time.  Unnecessary idling of construction vehicles will be prohibited.  Effective traffic management to be undertaken to avoid significant delays in and around the project area.  Road damage caused by sub-project activities will be promptly attended to with proper road repair and maintenance work.  Transportation of construction materials and cargoes shall be in covered trucks.

4.2.5.2 Air Pollution control due to DG sets

The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has issued emission limits for generators up to 800 KW. The same are outlined in Table 4.1, and are recommended to be followed.

Table 4.1: Emission limits for DG sets prescribed by CPCB Parameter Emission limits (gm/kw hr) NOx 9.2 HC 1.3 CO 2.5 PM 0.3 Smoke limit* 0.7 Note: * Light absorption coefficient at full load (m-1) The above standard needs to be followed by the contractor operating the DG sets.

The other measures are recommended as below:  Location of DG sets and other emission generating equipment should be decided keeping in view the predominant wind direction so that emissions do not effect nearby residential areas.  Stack height of DG sets to be kept in accordance with CPCB norms, which prescribes the minimum height of stack to be provided with each generator set to be calculated using the following formula: H = h+0.2x √KVA Where, H = Total height of stack in metre h = Height of the building in metres where the generator set is installed KVA = Total generator capacity of the set in KVA

4.2.5.3 Dust Control The project authorities will work closely with representatives from the community living in the vicinity of project area to identify areas of concern and to mitigate dust-related impacts effectively (e.g., through direct meetings, utilization of construction management and inspection program, and/or through the complaint response program).

To minimize issues related to the generation of dust during the construction phase of the project, the following measures have been identified:

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

 Identification of construction limits (minimal area required for construction activities).  When practical, excavated spoils will be removed as the contractor proceeds along the length of the activity.  When necessary, stockpiling of excavated material will be covered or staged offsite location with muck being delivered as needed during the course of construction.  Excessive soil on paved areas will be sprayed (wet) and/or swept and unpaved areas will be sprayed and/or mulched. The use of petroleum products or similar products for such activities will be strictly prohibited.  Contractors will be required to cover stockpiled soils and trucks hauling soil, sand, and other loose materials (or require trucks to maintain at least two feet of freeboard).  Contractor shall ensure that there is effective traffic management at site. The number of trucks/vehicles to move at various construction sites to be fixed.  Dust sweeping - The construction area and vicinity (access roads, and working areas) shall be swept with water sweepers on a daily basis or as necessary to ensure there is no visible dust.  Water shall be sprinkled for dust suppression. Green belt shall be developed for dust attenuation.

4.2.6 Noise environment

4.2.6.1 Potential Impact on Noise Levels

The noise due to construction equipment will be a temporary phenomenon. However, noise levels due to construction equipment may result into significant impacts due to operation of several equipments at a time.

Noise levels due to construction equipment are predicted at different distances and at terminal perimeter using random distribution of this equipment in the Jetty area. It is also assumed that only one-third of these equipment will be in operation and deployed at 200 m and beyond from the periphery of the terminal.

Ambient noise levels were found below the permissible limit both during day and night time. Present noise level has been determined for nearby areas. It is observed that the noise levels are well within the norms, but they observed to be slightly higher during peak hours. The temporary noise impacts in the immediate vicinity will be due to construction activity, vehicular movement.

Temporary impacts in the immediate vicinity along the sites sue to noise generated from construction activities superimposed by existing vehicular noise is of utmost importance. The magnitude of impact will depend upon specific types of equipment to be used, the construction methods employed and scheduling of the work. Various mitigation measures and controls will be adopted for minimize noise levels.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

The magnitude of impact will not be significant as the construction machinery employed will adhere to high quality, the vehicles such as trucks, dumpers, tempos etc. engaged will also be of good working condition (Euro II machines) so that impact due to noise is the well within the permissible limits. The noise level likely to generate during construction activity will be in the range of 80 – 90 dB (A). These noise level generated from source will decrease with increase in the distance from the source because of the wave divergence. The decrease in noise level with the increase in distance follows the empirical formulae given below:

SPL2 = SPL1 – 20 Log10 (r2/r1)

Where,

SPL1 and SPL2 are the sound pressure levels at distance r1 and r2 respectively.

Considering the stationary construction equipment as point source strength of 90 dB (A) at a reference distance of 2 m, computed distances required to meet the permissible limits during daytime for different land uses are mentioned in Table 4.2:

Table 4.2: Permissible limits during daytime for different land uses Type of Land Use Permissible Limits Distance Required (m) (Daytime) Residential 55 dB (A) 113 m Commercial 65 dB (A) 36 m Industrial 75 dB (A) 11 m Silence Zone 50 dB (A) 200 m

Mitigation Measures

The contractors will be required to maintain properly functioning equipment and comply with occupational safety and health standards. The construction equipment will be required to use available noise suppression devices and properly maintained mufflers.

 Construction equipments shall be properly maintained. They will be provided with mufflers.  Staging of construction equipment and unnecessary idling of equipment within noise sensitive areas to be avoided whenever possible.  Notification will be given to residents within 100 m of major noise generating activities. The notification will describe the noise abatement measures that will be implemented.  Monitoring of noise levels will be conducted during the construction phase of the project. In case of exceeding of pre-determined acceptable noise levels by the machinery will require the contractor(s) to stop work and remedy the situation prior to continuing construction.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

The following Noise Standards for DG sets are recommended for the running of DG sets during the construction:

 The maximum permissible sound pressure level for new diesel generator sets with rated capacity up to 1000 KVA shall be 75 dB(A) at 1 m from the enclosure surface.  Noise from the DG set should be controlled by providing an acoustic enclosure or by treating the enclosure acoustically.  The Acoustic Enclosure should be made of CRCA sheets of appropriate thickness and structural/ sheet metal base. The walls of the enclosure should be insulated with fire retardant foam so as to comply with the 75 dBA at 1m sound levels specified by CPCB, Ministry of Environment & Forests.  The acoustic enclosure/acoustic treatment of the room should be designed for minimum 25 dB(A) Insertion Loss or for meeting the ambient noise standards, whichever is on the higher side.  The DG set should also be provided with proper exhaust muffler.  Proper efforts to be made to bring down the noise levels due to the DG set, outside its premises, within the ambient noise requirements by proper sitting and control measures.  A proper routine and preventive maintenance procedure for the DG set should be set and followed in consultation with the DG set manufacturer which would help prevent noise levels of the DG set from deteriorating with use.

It is known that continuous exposure to noise levels above 90 dB(A) affects the hearing of the workers/operators and hence has to be avoided. Other physiological and psychological effects have also been reported in literature, but the effect on hearing acuity has been specially stressed. To prevent these effects, it has been recommended by international specialist organizations that the exposure period of affected persons be limited as specified in Table 4.3.

Table 4.3: Maximum Exposure Periods specified by OSHA Maximum equivalent continuous Noise Unprotected exposure period per day level dB(A) for 8 hrs/day and 5 days/week 90 8 95 4 100 2 105 1 110 ½ 115 ¼ 120 No exposure permitted at or above this level

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

4.3 Impacts during operational phase

4.3.1 Water environment

4.3.1.1 Potential Impact on Ground-water/ Surface water Quality

During the operational phase the ground water quality can be affected as result of the leakage from the dust suppression, domestic waste water, marine oil spills. The estimated water requirement for the Jetty during operational phase is about 800 m3 per day, which is proposed to be met through the existing supply of JSW Steel Limited.

Mitigation Measures

The Jetty operations will ensure that there will be no impact on surface or groundwater quality in the region.

 The sewage after conventional treatment will be disposed off in local drains, which will not impact the ground or surface water quality of the area.  Ships/barges will not be allowed to release any oily bilge waste or ballast water in the sea and hence wastes from the ships will also not affect any surface or groundwater quality.  Any effluents from the Jetty which have leachable characteristics will be segregated and recycled/disposed as per MPCB guidelines.

On an overall analysis it may thus be concluded that surface or groundwater bodies will not be impacted during the Jetty operations.

4.3.1.2 Potential Impact on Marine water quality

The major quantity of liquid waste that would be generated in the normal day-to-day operations at the Jetty includes domestic effluents, berth washings, runoff (during monsoon) etc. These wastes have a potential to pollute marine water, if disposed untreated.

The potential sources of impacts on marine water quality during the Jetty operations are:

 Dredging and disposal of maintenance dredge spoil  Disposal of Jetty related wastes  Disposal of ship generated wastes  Escapement of cargo  Effluent from coal stack yard

Mitigation Measures

 All effluents are routed through a treatment plant/settling pond, as appropriate, can largely mitigate impacts from the effluent from domestic and day to day operations.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

 The bathymetry coupled with the low bio-productivity of the area ensures that the negative impacts caused by maintenance dredging are as low as reasonably possible while considering the requirement of this activity for Jetty operations.  The Jetty operations would also produce solid waste such as garbage, debris, and left over plastic items, containers, etc. which if not properly disposed might influence the near shore areas. Approved dumpsites and recycling measures will be taken to responsibly dispose off other wastes.  The effluent form coal stock yard will contain high suspended solids. It is proposed to be treated in a settling tank. The sludge so produced will be mainly coal dust, which can be dried on sludge drying beds. The dried sludge, which has fuel value, can then be distributed amongst the villagers. During monsoon months, the sludge will be stored separately, in a structure with adequate storage capacity. The collected water can be reused sprinkling on coal stack yard. It would reduce the water demand for sprinkling.

The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the protocol of 1978 (MARPOL, 73/78), has issued guidelines for prevention of Marine Pollution. These are listed in subsequent paragraphs and should be strictly adhered to for prevention of marine pollution.

 Ships/barges are prohibited to discharge oil or oily water such as oily bilge water containing more than 15 ppm of oil within 19 km (12 miles) of land.  Chemicals are evaluated for environmental hazard which may cause environmental hazards if discharged into the sea (categories A, B, C and D). Discharge into the sea of the most harmful chemicals (category A) is prohibited. Tank washings and other residues of less harmful substances (categories B, C and D) may only be discharged keeping in mind certain conditions e.g. total quantity of discharge, distance from the shore, depth of water prescribed depending on the hazards. There are no restrictions on substances such as water, wine, acetone, etc.  Harmful substances in the packaged form should not be disposed into the sea.  Sewage generated at the ship should not be disposed off into the sea, unless it is treated or it is disposed off at a certain distance from land.  Garbage produced on ship must be kept on board and discharged either ashore or into the sea under certain conditions, such as distance from the land; discharge of all plastics is prohibited.

4.3.2 Biological environment

4.3.2.1 Potential Impact on Marine Biology

Potential sources of impacts on the marine biological environment essentially arise from pollution sources provided by shipping and Jetty operations. These include waste and wastewater discharges, accidents and spillage containing oil, heavy metals etc.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Mitigation Measures

 The developers will have a comprehensive plan to deal with exigencies from Jetty and shipping operations created by unplanned releases (as all other possible sources of pollution would have been adequately treated before discharge).  As a general rule, the developer will ensure that untreated effluents are not discharged into the marine environment. The ships will also not be permitted to discharge wastes or untreated effluents in the sea.  The project is expected to have no detrimental effect on fish and hence no impact on fisheries during the operations phase. However, any fishing within the Jetty limits will be prohibited for safety and security reasons.

4.3.3 Land environment

4.3.3.1 Potential Impact on Land use/Landscape

If sites are left untreated after excavation of construction material in the pre- operational phase then rainwater is likely to get stored in these sites, which are then likely to serve as breeding grounds for the mosquitoes.

Mitigation Measures

Prior to the operations it shall be ensured that all such sites shall be levelled and proper drains are provided to ease the movement of runoff water.

4.3.3.2 Potential Impact on Soil Quality

The Jetty will be located within the inter-tidal and the sub-tidal area and hence no major impacts are anticipated on the land environment during its operations. There will also not be any land disposal of liquid wastes generated due to landside Jetty or shipping operations.

Mitigation Measures

 The developer shall take adequate preventive any land disposal of solid wastes generated from Jetty or ship operations which may adversely impact soil quality surface runoff of oil, paints, fuel, and lubricant spillage due to land-side Jetty operations which many contaminate the soil.  The Waste Management Plan will be implemented profusely, and proper care will be taken so that there are no accidental spills and leakages.  Used Lubricant Oil will be re-used wherever possible for the maintenance of the Machinery and will not be discharged on land or in the sea. Thus there will be no potential contamination hazard to soils due to spillage of fuels and lubricant oils.

4.3.4 Air environment

4.3.4.1 Potential Impact on Ambient Air Quality

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Vehicular movements at the proposed Jetty during the operational phase will not contribute to the ambient air quality. Fugitive emissions from other sources (during dry cargo storage in open yards and transfer in conveyors, handling and transfer of raw materials such as ores, particulate refined products),emissions from ships are not expected to contribute significantly to the ambient air quality in the project area.

The following cargoes will be handled at the Jetty during its operational phase

  Iron Bearing Raw Materials (IBRM)  Coal Bearing Raw Materials (CBRM)  Limestone  Fluxes  Container  Cement and clinker  HR coils  Container  Slag

The handling details of various cargoes in the proposed port are given in the following paragraphs:

Iron Ore, Coal and Lime Stone

 Handling Equipment: Mechanised Grab Unloader  Conveying Equipment: Closed/open Conveyors  Reclaiming: Stacker/ Reclaimers  Storage and stacking: Open storage. Stack height: 10m initially going up to 14m  Provided with dust suppression, wind shields, green belt and water sprays  Dispatch through Trucks/Rakes

Cement and Clinker

 Handling: Cement with pneumatic unloaders  Conveying: Special conveyors/pipe conveyors  Storage and Stacking: Cement is silos/ Clinker in covered storages (filter for dust suppression)  Dispatch: Bags and on in specially made vehicles with no dust emissions

Impact assessment:

Estimated emissions from the stock yards:

Proposed handling of raw material i.e. Iron ore, coal and fluxes and handling methods are considered to estimate the emissions from the expansion of jetty. The estimated emissions are give in the table 4.4:

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Table 4.4 - Estimated emissions using Emission factors Emission factor(kg/hr) Emission from yards (g/s)

Quantity Reclaiming Material (per Unloading on from Stacking at From Stock annum) berth stockyard stockyard berths yards Iron Ore 18.5 0.0042 0.0017 0.013 Coal 6.3 0.0042 0.0017 0.013 0.15 0.27 Flux 3.2 0.0042 0.0017 0.013

The prediction of ground level concentration (GLC) of pollutants from operation jetty was carried out with the help of air quality simulation model AERMOD released by USEPA.

This model is basically a Gaussian plume model and considers multiple sources. This model also incorporates the complex screening model dispersion algorithms for receptors in complex terrain i.e., where the receptor elevation is above the release height of the source. When, one assumes complex terrain, the model assumes a normal distribution in the vertical and a uniform distribution across a 22.5 degree sector. It will select the higher of the simple and complex terrain values on a hour-by-hour, source-by-source and receptor-by-receptor basis. The model accepts hourly meteorological data including mixing height, stabilities and terrain features to define the conditions for plume rise for each source and receptor combination for each hour of input meteorological data sequentially and calculates short term averages up to 24 hours.

The emission concentrations of PM10 as indicted in the above Table, are used to predict the GLCs

As a first step, actual monitored site meteorological data has been considered. The meteorological data was generated near plant site for three months period on hourly basis for the season. Stabilities have been computed with the monitored data by Turner's method and mixing heights have taken from secondary data.

The isopleths of GLC's are shown in Fig 4.1

In order to study the impact on ambient air quality data, the predicted GLC are super imposed over the back ground values and studied the resultant ground level concentrations. The results of Impact on ambient air quality are given in table 4.5:

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Table 4.5: The results of Impact on ambient air quality

Location Impact on ambient air quality Ambient Avg. Predicted values Resultant PM10 Gadab Village 76 4 80 Dolvi Village 74 5 79 Navegaon Village 70 4 74 Vadkhal Village 73 5 78 Shirki Village 66 0 66 Vashi Village 74 0 74 Dharamtar Village 87 8 95 Shahabaj Village 69 0 69 Kusumble Village 56 0 56

The results show that the resultant GLCs of the surrounding villages are within the stipulated norms when jetty is in operation.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Figure 4.1 Isopleths of GLC's

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Mitigation Measures

 The cargoes e.g. Iron Ore, Coal, Limestone, fertilizer will be handled in bulk form. For such cargoes, fugitive emissions are not generated.  Cement and clinker would be handled in piped conveyors and would be bagged for dispatch.  The entire operation would be handled in dry state is closed conveyor system. Thus, no air pollution is envisaged.  The coal dust needs to be cleaned regularly from coal stack pile areas using water sprays. The water can be channelled from various locations and brought to a common point for treatment prior to disposal.

4.3.4.2Air Pollution due to coal handling

Coal will be stored at coal storage yard in coal stock piles with an approximate maximum height of 4 m, with side slope of 35o. During unloading and storage at coal stockyard, the following sources/activities could lead to air pollution:

 Dust caused by displacement of air  Dust blown out by the wind  Wind erosion from disposal sites

The above sources are described in the following paragraphs;

Dust caused by displacement of air

As the coal is loaded, it displaces air of quantum equal to its volume, which leads to entrainment of dust. As the air enters the environment at the location, where the coal is released at the stock yard, the air entrains the coal dust along with it and leads to entrainment of fugitive dust.

Dust generated by the Impact

The falling product has a certain velocity and the moment it hits the foregoing product that has already been loaded into the truck. This velocity represents a certain amount of kinetic energy that causes breakage of the product and therefore generates dust at the point of impact.

Dust blown out by the wind

As soon as the product leaves the spout, the wind can blow through the falling stream of product and will blow out the smaller and lighter particles.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Mitigation Measures

 All the mechanized handling systems and other associated equipments such as hoppers, belt conveyors, stacker cum reclaimers shall have integrated dust suppression systems.  Imported Coal from Indonesia, Australia and Africa are generally high moisture content and handling such coal result in less emission.  Dust suppression systems will be provided at all transfer point  Windshield will be provided at the stock yard

4.3.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

4.3.5.1 Potential Impact on Noise Levels

The material handling equipments and vehicular movement are the main sources of noise pollution during the operational phase. The proper mitigation measure can reduce the noise pollution.

Mitigation Measures

 All the equipments and vehicles shall adhere to high quality and good working conditions with noise generated within the permissible standards.  The project developer will ensure that the Jetty will be designed such that the sound pressure level in any situation (including emergencies such as blowing of safety/relief valves) shall not exceed 115 dB (A) and that the impulse noise level shall not exceed 135 dB (A).  Appropriate standards regarding maximum allowed noise levels will be stipulated in the EPC contract.  The noise levels will not exceed permissible limits 60 dB (A) at the perimeter of the terminal area.

4.4 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND HEALTH ENVIRONMENT

The potential adverse impacts on the socio-economic environment of the project area could arise due to the following:

 Impacts due to loss of land, structures, assets, standing crops  Impacts on livelihood  Impact on public infrastructure and civic amenities

4.4.1 Impacts due to Loss of Land, Structures, Assets, Standing Crops

The Jetty shall be developed entirely on reclaimed land no adverse impacts due to loss of land, structures, assets or standing crops are envisaged. The construction of the Jetty shall also not entail displacement of people.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

4.4.2 Impacts on Livelihoods (fishing activities)

The development of the Jetty will not restrict access to the coastline along the 3 km stretch of the Jetty. Further no fishing activities exist in the Jetty limits. The project is also located away from any designated offshore fishing areas. Hence, the project is expected to have no detrimental effect on fish and hence commercial fisheries.

However, there is a small fishing community in the region who are engaged in the subsistence fishing activities along the coastline.

The project is also likely to enhance the socio-economic conditions in the region through greater economic opportunities and multiplier effect in terms of creation of service and small industry opportunities to support the project.

4.4.3 Impacts on Public Infrastructure and Civic Amenities

The potential impacts of the Jetty construction on local public infrastructure and civic amenities could arise due to pressure on resources (power, water, roads) due to the construction activities and the presence of the construction camps.

The electricity requirement for construction activities will be self-generated and the developers shall not source electricity from the villages during the construction activities. No existing resources/water sources (surface/groundwater) that are currently being used by the villagers for the purpose of obtaining drinking water and/or water for irrigation or other purposes will be tapped into. Drinking water requirements during the construction phase will be met through tankers to the construction sites.

The construction camps will be located on existing sites and no impacts are expected on the local infrastructure in terms of land requirement. Separate arrangements shall be made at the construction camps for water and power supply, sanitation facilities and fuel to ensure that there are no pressures on the local resources.

4.4.4 Impacts on Health & Safety

Given the minimal intrusion into the existing natural resources of the region (land, freshwater sources), adequate measures for dust suppression (the only credible source impacting the air environment), adequate distance from nearest habitation, and no adverse health impacts are expected, either during construction or operations of the project.

During the construction phase, the movement of heavy earthmovers, excavators, transporting vehicles during the construction phase may increase the risk of accidents and injuries. A road safety awareness campaign had already been put in place to better inform the communities about safer road habits.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

4.4.5 Social Responsibility and Social Initiatives

4.4.5.1 Education

The company has provided financial aid to the schools. It has carried out various Corporate Social Activities such as to distribute textbooks, school uniform, notebooks and computers to the students of schools in the vicinity. Training has also been imparted in basic MS packages, MSCIT certification and plans are to make tie ups with ITI to improve standards as per the requirement of the industry. Further such activities will be done in future for the welfare and social upliftment of the area. The various Corporate Social Activities carried out by the company are:  Distribution of textbooks, notebooks, uniforma and computers to the school students  Imparting basic MS packages, MSCIT certification courses  Plans to tie up with ITI for imparting industrial training to the deserving students

4.4.5.2 Health

The company provides an occupational health center that is manned round the clock. A shift duty doctor, a male nurse, house keeper and an ambulance driver will always be present at the clinic. There is provision of 2 beds for in house patients. The medical centre is upgraded by providing a dark room for X ray machine. Along with the medical officer 3 duty doctors, 5 male nurses and 4 housekeeping staff will also be engaged. Thus the proposed project serves to enhance the Socio-economic status of the area to a great extent.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

5.1 GENERAL

Monitoring is an essential component for sustainability of any developmental Project. It is an integral part of any environmental assessment process. Any development project introduces complex inter-relationships in the project area between people, various natural resources, biota and the many developing forces. Thus, a new environment is created. It is very difficult to predict with complete certainty the exact post-project environmental scenario; hence, monitoring of critical parameters is essential in the post-project phase.

Monitoring of environmental indicators signal potential problems and facilitate timely prompt implementation of effective remedial measures. It will also allow for validation of the assumptions and assessments made in the present study. Monitoring becomes essential to ensure that the mitigation measures planned for environmental protection function effectively during the entire period of projects Operation. The data so generated also serves as a data bank for prediction of post-project scenarios in similar projects.

Environmental monitoring during the construction phase shall comprise checking:

 Appropriate permits, certificates, authorizations and  Compliance with the EMP and government regulations

5.2 AREAS OF CONCERN

From the monitoring point of view, the important parameters are marine water quality, ambient air quality, noise, etc. An attempt is made to establish early warning system, which indicates the stress on the environment, suggested monitoring parameters and programmers are described in the subsequent sections.

5.3 MARINE WATER & SEDIMENT QUALITY

5.3.1 Construction phase

The chemical characteristics of marine water quality shall be monitored once in three months during project construction phase, close to the major construction sites. Both surface and bottom waters should be sampled and analysed. The parameters to be monitored are as follows: Marine Water

Physico-chemical parameters - pH - Salinity - Conductivity - TDS - Turbidity - D.O. - BOD - Phosphates - Nitrates

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

- Sulphates - Chlorides Biological parameters - Light penetration - Chlorophyll - Primary Productivity - Phytoplankton (No. of species and their density) - Zooplankton (No. of species and their density) Sediments

Physio-chemical parameters - Texture - pH - Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen - COD - Sodium - Potassium - Phosphates - Chlorides - Sulphates

Biological Parameters - Benthic Meio-fauna - Benthic Macro-fauna

The marine water and sediment sampling and analysis be conducted by an external agency.

5.3.2 Operation Phase

The chemical characteristics of marine water quality should be monitored once in three months and biological parameters once a year during project operation phase. Both surface and bottom waters should be sampled and analysed. The parameters to be monitored are as follows: Marine Water

Physico-chemical parameters - pH - Salinity - Conductivity - TDS - Turbidity - D.O. - BOD - Phosphates - Nitrates - Sulphates - Chlorides

Biological parameters - Light penetration

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

- Chlorophyll - Primary Productivity - Phytoplankton (No. of species and their density) - Zooplankton (No. of species and their density) Sediments

Physio-chemical parameters - Texture - pH - Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen - COD - Sodium - Potassium - Phosphates - Chlorides - Sulphates

Biological Parameters - Benthic Meio-fauna - Benthic Macro-fauna

The marine water and sediment sampling and analysis be conducted by an external agency. Effluent for coal stack yard needs to be monitored once per week. The parameters to be monitored are pH, TDS and EC.

5.4 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY

5.4.1 Construction Phase

Ambient air quality monitoring is recommended to be monitored at three stations close to the construction sites. The monitoring can be conducted for three seasons. Monitoring can be conducted twice a week for 4 consecutive weeks. The parameters to be monitored are PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx. The ambient air quality monitoring during project construction phase can be conducted by an agency approved by Maharashtra State Pollution Control Board.

5.4.2 Operation phase

The ambient air quality monitoring will have to be conducted at three locations. Air quality could be monitored for three seasons in a year. High volume samplers can be used for this purpose. The frequency of monitoring shall be twice a week for 24 hours for four consecutive weeks. The parameters to be monitored are PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NO2. The ambient air quality monitoring during project operation phase can be conducted by an agency approved by Maharashtra State Pollution Control Board. An amount of Rs. 0.43 million/year can be earmarked for this purpose.

5.5 NOISE

Personnel involved in the work areas, where high noise levels are likely to be observed during project construction and operation phases. For such in-plant personnel, audiometric examination should be arranged at least once per year.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

A noise meter can be purchased that will carry out the noise level monitoring during construction and operation phases.

5.6 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

The ecological survey was carried out to establish the baseline ecological conditions of the region. The list of flora and fauna found in the study area is to be given.

Sites of greenbelt development should be monitored once in every month during Project operation phase to study the growth of various species and to identify the needs if any, such; as for irrigation, fertilizer dosing, pesticides, etc. Project staff can conduct monitoring.

5.7 SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

The summary of Environmental Monitoring Programme for implementation during Project construction and operation phases is given in Tables-5.1 & 5.2

Table 5.1: Summary Of Environmental Monitoring Programme for Implementation during Project Construction Phase Sr. No. Aspects Parameters to be Frequency of Location monitored monitoring 1. Water Physical Colour, Turbidity, pH As per MPCB 3 to 4 Parameters value, Suspended consent condition locations Solids, Dissolved Solids. Inorganic Chloride, Once a year 3 to 4 Parameters Fluoride, locations Phosphate, Sulphates, Nitrates, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Total Iron, Dissolved Iron, Manganese Biological Phytoplankton, Once in three 3 to 4 sites parameters Zooplankton months

2. Sediments Physico-chemical Texture, pH, Sodium, Once in three 3 to 4 sites parameters Potassium, Phosphate, months Chlorides, Sulphates Biological Benthic Meio-fauna, Once in three 3 to 4 sites parameters Benthic Macro-fauna months 3. Ambient air PM10, PM2.5, SO2&NOx, Summer, post Close to quality CO monsoon & major winter seasons construction sites Twice a week for four consecutive weeks per

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Sr. No. Aspects Parameters to be Frequency of Location monitored monitoring season 4. Ambient Noise Equivalent noise Levels During peak Construction Quality. construction sites activities 5. Greenbelt Rate of Survival and Once per Month Various Development Growth Of Various plankton Species sites

Table 5.2: Summary Of Environmental Monitoring Programme for Implementation during Project Operation Phase

S. No. Aspects Parameters to be Frequency of Location monitored monitoring 1. Marine water Physico-chemical pH, Salinity, EC, TDS, Once in three 3 to 4 sites parameters Turbidity, Phosphates, months Nitrates, Sulphates, Chlorides. Biological Light penetration, Once in three 3 to 4 sites parameters Chlorophyll, Primary months Productivity, Phyto- plankton, Zooplankton 2. Sediments Physico-chemical Texture, pH, Sodium, Once in three 3 to 4 sites parameters Potassium, Phosphate, months Chlorides, Sulphates Biological Benthic Meio-fauna, Once in three 3 to 4 sites parameters Benthic Macro-fauna months 3. Effluent from Coal pH, EC and TDS Once very week Effluent outlet stack yard from Coal stack yard 4. Ambient air PM10, PM2.5, SO2 &NOx Summer, Post- Villages quality monsoon & Winter seasons. Twice a week for four consecutive weeks per season. 5. Noise Equivalent Noise Level Once per month Project area and sites within 1 km of the project area 6. Greenbelt Rate of survival and Once per month Various Development growth of various species plantation sites.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

6.0 ADDITIONAL STUDIES: RISK ASSESSMENT, DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN & MODEL STUDIES

6. 1 INTRODUCTION

Risk assessment forms an integral part of EIA study. Risk assessment study deals with identifying and evaluating the magnitude of impending risks to which the neighboring population is exposed due to occurrence of accidents involved in the project construction and implementation. This assists in illustrating the guidelines for preparation of disaster management plan, which will be executed to handle the situation, if any emergency occurs. A major emergency in works is one, which has the potential to cause injury or loss of life. It may cause extensive damage to the property and serious disruption both inside and outside the works. It would normally require the assistance of outside emergency services to handle it effectively. Although the emergency may be caused by a number of different factors viz. Management failure, human error, earthquake, cyclone, vehicle crash or sabotage, etc.

Emergency/disaster is an undesirable occurrence of events of such magnitude and nature that adversely affect operations, cause loss of human lives and property as well as damage to the environment. Ports and related infrastructure are vulnerable to various kinds of natural and manmade disasters. Examples of natural disaster are flood, cyclone, tsunami, earthquake, lightning, etc., and manmade disasters are like major fire, explosion, sudden heavy leakage of toxic/poisonous gases, civil war, nuclear attacks, terrorist activities, sabotage, etc. It is impossible to reasonably forecast the time and nature of disaster, which might strike a common user infrastructure. An effective disaster management plan helps to minimize the losses in terms of human lives, assets and environmental damage and resumes working condition as soon as possible.

Model Studies are carried out using MIKE 21 to show that the coastline and the bathymetry get stabilized over a due course of time. The model studies also help in understanding the flow hydrodynamics and the sedimentation in the local and regional area. Adequate protection measures will be adopted to prevent damages due to scouring and bathymetric survey will be carried out to ensure that accretion creates no risk to navigation.

6.2 APPROACH TO THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

Modern approach to disaster management involves the following two steps;  Risk Identification  Risk Evaluation

Risk identification entails:

 Identification of hazardous events in the installation, which can cause loss of capital equipment, loss of operation, threatens health and safety of employees, threaten public health and damage to the environment.  Identification of risk is important processes & areas, to determine effective risk reduction measures.

Risk evaluation involves calculation of damage potential of the identified hazards with probable damage distances, termed as consequence analysis. Quantitative risk assessment

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further evaluates the actual risk due to a probable event occurring over a period of time by factoring in the probability of the event occurring, or frequencies of occurrence of the event.

The effect of a hazardous event in atmosphere, and consequent damage in case of accident may depend on:

 Wind speed  Wind direction  Atmospheric stability  Port assets & population exposed in the direction of wind.

Action plan depends largely on results of risk assessment data and may include one or more of the following:

 Plan for preventive as well as predictive maintenance.  Augment facilities for safety, firefighting, medical (both equipment and manpower) as per requirements of risk analysis.  Evolve emergency handling procedure both onsite and offsite.  Practice mock drill for ascertaining preparedness for tackling hazards/emergencies at any time of the day.

An important element of mitigation is emergency planning, i.e. recognizing that accidents are possible, assessing the consequences of such accidents and deciding on the emergency procedures, both onsite and offsite, that would need to be implemented in the event of an emergency. Emergency plans are likely to be separate for on-site as well as off-site matters, but they must be consistent with each other, i.e. they must be related to the same assessed emergency conditions. While an on-site plan will always be the responsibility of the works management, different legislation may place the responsibility for the off-site plan elsewhere.

6.3 OBJECTIVE The overall objectives of the emergency plan will be:

 To localize the emergency and, if possible eliminate it.  To minimize the effects of the accidents on people and property.

Elimination will require prompt action by operators and works emergency staff using, for example, fire-fighting equipment, emergency due to collision and submergence etc. Minimizing the effects may include rescue, first aid, evacuation, rehabilitation and giving information promptly to people living nearby.

6.4 IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF HAZARDS Storms, floods and fires are potential disasters for the port. Their likelihood of occurrence and the resulting risk of damage should be incorporated into the design analysis of the port.

Table 6.1: Summary of the Disasters Preparedness Plans

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Disaster Description Response Plan Stages Storms Depending on the magnitude Preparedness Plan Alert, the storms can damage the infrastructure of the jetty to Secure insurance Response varying extent, thereby affecting coverage. Recovery its operation Earthquake The proposed site is not in an Building and Planning, earthquake prone area. Thus Construction shall Response, less chances of earthquake are adhere to the Damage envisaged. earthquake efficiency Assessment norms. and Recovery. Fire Fire outbreaks also vary in size Fire Prevention and Response, Preparedness Plan and location can cause damage Planning to the infrastructure and the jetty Install firefighting Fire Drills, to varying extent. equipments Damage Assessment. Electrical work will be done by certified electrician.

Provide proper Insurance coverage. Oil Spills and Oil or fuel spill due to accidents Spill Contingency Report and leaks or leakages pose a serious Plan Response, impact to the sensitive Recovery environment All petroleum products stored in bunded areas. Climate change This natural occurring Contingency Plan Alert, phenomenon can pose a risk to Response the project if not adapted in time. The possibility of this is very rare in the region. Medical Medical emergencies can occur Medical Emergency Response, at any moment and therefore Plan Recovery requires a quick and coordinated effort to respond to First aid equipment the need and staff trained

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The proposed development will take into consideration all the potential disasters and plan accordingly to mitigate any negative effects of these disasters on the project infrastructure.

6.5 DISASTER CONTROL/RESPONSE PLAN

Disaster may arrive without any warning, unexpectedly in spite of all precautions and preventive measures taken. However, an efficient control/response plan can minimize the losses in terms of property, human lives and damage to the environment can be the minimum.

6.5.1 STORM PREPAREDNESS PLAN (EVACUATION PLAN)

The storm preparedness plan will involve an alert, response and recovery stage to deal with any natural disaster involving storms. The Storm Preparedness Plan is aimed at making reasonable preparations should the project be threatened. This is to enable the developers to protect their employees and assets, and also to ensure that the project is able to continue to function after the disaster has passed. Purpose of Plan The purpose of this storm preparedness plan is to:

(i) Establish the coordinating mechanisms necessary to prepare and implement measures to safeguard property and lives of all concerned during the threat of a storm. (ii) Increase awareness to management and other employees and the rescue crafts as a need for storm preparedness

The basic overall responsibilities of the management is to ensure that the coordinating mechanism that will ensure maximum safety of property or lives during an incoming storm, is put in place, and to make sure the developer or residents/guests are familiar with the mechanism

Actions to be taken:

(i) The Emergency Committee should be prepared to convene and take action if the Weather Bureau issues a warning. (ii) Stay informed by radio and television of the storm progress. (iii) Ensure that contact is made with all guests and captains of vessels, whether by direct or indirect means, to alert them of the phase and to make initial contact. (iv) Prepare a checklist (electronically) of items required in the event of a strike.

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6.5.2 FIRE PREVENTION AND RESPONSE PLAN

The fire prevention and response plan will focus on the possibility of a fire and any fire outbreak, whether large or small, that might occur. The fire can be of natural or manual accident in nature.

Purpose of Plan

The purpose of the plan is to ensure that the coordinating mechanism that will ensure maximum safety of property or lives during a blaze.

The purpose of the Fire Prevention and Response plan for the proposed project is to:

(i) To establish the coordinating mechanisms necessary for management to prepare and implement measures to safeguard property and lives of all concerned in occurrence of an fire. (ii) Indicate all possible evacuation routes on the property.

Fire Protection Equipment/Systems

The proponents shall install protection systems to protect lives and property from fire. These are as summarized below:

1) Fire alarm detection and notification systems.

Smoke detectors: The project will install fire detection equipment in the form of smoke detectors. The smoke detectors will activate the smoke alarm possibly signaling a fire or of something burning.

2) Fire Suppression Systems.

Hydrants: Fire hydrants will be used on the project as a means of fighting fire. These hydrants will be spaced out according to each sewer zone.

Fire Extinguishers: The proponents will install multi-purpose dry chemical (Class ABC) fire extinguishers. Dry chemical extinguishers will range in sizes of 5 lbs to 10 lbs and will be installed at key areas such as generators, electrical panels, maintenance areas, etc.

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Fire Prevention Fire prevention is an important aspect in precluding its occurrence. While water is plentiful at the project site, its immediate availability may not be possible. Measures designed to prevent and control fires include:

I. Qualified personnel to install electrical system - Only certified Electricians will be allowed to carry out any electrical work on the premises. II. Construction Codes - The engineering standards will also include provisions for adequate and safe wiring; plumbing, heating, and cooling systems are also in conformity with acceptable building codes.

Fire Response

Fire outbreaks are unpredictable but can be prevented. It is difficult to portray a response plan for the project site considering the different scenarios that might arise from a fire. It is important though, to have in mind certain tips and guidelines relating to the event of a fire. These guidelines may come in the form of a fire combating plan whereby trained staff may utilize the different fire controls to extinguish the fire.

Actions to be taken:

(i) Sound the alarm. (ii) Use an extinguishing media preferably a fire extinguisher if the fire is small but if the fire is large use fire hydrant to fight the fire. (iii) Check to see that the fire is completely extinguished. (iv) Evacuate any persons within the area or found in the area at the time of the incident. (v) Inspect the fire area and assess for damages. (vi) Close off the area for safety purposes.

6.5.3 OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY PLAN

It will be of prime importance to protect the marine and terrestrial ecosystem during the operations of crafts. Oil Spill causes various consequences on the Environment, Flora & Fauna, Marine life a, Socio economic life. Some of the ill effects are summarized as fishing problems, spawning problem, distraction of marine eco-culture, smell nuisance, etc.

Cargoes are transported to Dharamtar port through barges. No ship movement is observed in the navigational channel of the Dharamtar creek. No oil tankers and bunkers also present at the Jetty facilities. Thus accidental oil spill at the navigational channel occur mainly due to leakage of the engine of the barges. It may even happen during a collision and fuel / oil may spread on larger area in the creek. A small amount can be due to the waste generated at the

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port such as effluent from solid waste discharge and run off from the land containing small amount of lubricant or oil from machineries.

To prevent such accidental leakages, proper mechanical maintenance shall be carried out during the routine surveys. In case of such an event the craft shall be very well equipped with recovery system. There are number of methods which shall be force in to action depending upon type of oil, quantity of spread, distance from the shore, etc. The universal accepted methods adopted for such an event are described below:

 Burning of the oil  Scheming the surface with a suction device  Absorbent technique  Gelling method  Sinking method  Emulsification / dispersion

Oil Spill Response Plan

The Response plan should describe the recommended procedures for responding to an oil spill with essential information. The format of the operational plan should be as follows:

Reporting oil spill incidence Immediately upon notice of an oil spill, incidence reporting will be done in the prescribed format to: the Internal within organization, Indian Coast Guard, Oil Industry Safety Directorate, Directorate General of Hydrocarbon (DGH), Concerned Port and Harbour Authorities and Mutual Aid Partners.

Details of Notification information

 Date and time of observation (24 hour clock).  Position (preferably Latitude /Longitude and/or description using recognized names).  Source and cause of spill.  Estimate of amount spilled and continued spillage rate.  Description of the slick size.  Type of oil spilled and its characteristics  Tide, weather and sea conditions.  Clean-up organization in place/responsible – name and contact details of on-Scene Commander.  Action, both taken and intended, to combat pollution and prevent further spillage.  Statutory local environmental bodies and contact details.  Name, occupation and contact details of initial observers.

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Surveillance and tracking of oil at sea

Immediately after the spillage, carry out the surveillance for assessing the quantity of spilled oil:

 Identification of sensitive areas.  Identify the sensitive areas and inform the parties.  Protect the sensitive areas as per the priorities.

Development of site specific response plan  On-scene coordinator will identify the facilities required and sources from where the resources are mobilized.  Operations planning and mobilization procedures.  Mobilization procedures are required only in case the spill is likely to affect the coastline and damage the marine sensitive areas.

Control of operations  Establish a management team with experts and advisors  Update information (sea/wind/weather forecast, aerial surveillance, beach report)  Review and plan operations accordingly  Obtain additional equipment, supplies and man power if required  Prepare daily incident log and management reports  Prepare operations accounting and financing reports  Prepare releases for public and press conferences  Brief local and government officials including Coast Guard

Termination of operations  Standing-down equipment for cleaning, maintaining and replacing  Prepare formal detail report  Review plans and procedures from lessons learnt.

To successfully combat an oil spill, the manpower needs to be thoroughly trained since quick and efficient response is the primary factor deciding the efficiency of the operation. It is also vital that all equipment is routinely inspected and regular mocks are held.

6.5.4 MEDICAL EMERGENCY PLAN

The proposed development plans to implement a medical emergency plan in the event of a medical emergency. A medical emergency is an injury or illness that poses an immediate threat to a person's life or long term health. These emergencies may require assistance from another person, who should ideally be suitably qualified to do so, although some of these emergencies can be dealt with by the victim themselves. Dependent on the severity of the emergency, and the quality of any treatment given, it may require the involvement of multiple levels of care, from a first-aider to an emergency physician through to specialist surgeons.

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Purpose of the Plan

The primary objective of the medical response plan is to:

 Establish the coordinating mechanism necessary to respond to a health situation and to implement basic first aid treatment where applicable.  Develop and implement a coordinating mechanism necessary to secure appropriate emergency transportation to a recognized health institution.

Basic First Aid

The basic first aid treatment in the event of a medical emergency should be made available. First Aid is the provision of limited care for an illness or injury, which is provided, usually by a certified person, to a sick or injured patient until definitive medical treatment can be accessed. It generally consists of series of simple, sometimes lifesaving, medical techniques, that an individual, either with or without formal medical training, can be trained to perform with minimal equipment. This equipment usually involves the medical supplies commonly found in a first aid kit.

Transportation of Patient

When conventional first aid requires additional medical attention, the patient must be transported to a recognized health institution for further treatment as quickly as possible to the nearest health institution where professional doctors and nurses are available for all 24 hours.

6.6 TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT

Risks and hazards abound in our society and therefore the proposed development is no exception. The Emergency Committee will develop a training and development program. This program will cover basic areas designed to minimize and prevent injury and illness where possible. This program will not be required to divulge in general or in details about the many risks and hazards that exist or affect the project.

Training is the field concerned with workplace learning to improve performance. Such training can be generally categorized as on-the-job or off-the-job. On-the-job describes training that is given in a normal working situation, using the actual tools, equipment, documents or materials that they will use when fully trained. On-the-job training is usually most effective for vocational work. Off-the-job training takes place away from normal work situation which means that the employee is not regarded as productive worker when training is taking place. An advantage of off-the-job training is that it allows people to get away from

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work and totally concentrate on the training being given. This is most effective for training concepts and ideas.

(a) Storm Preparedness Plan Storms can cause severe property damage and flooding, especially considering the project environment. Moreover, the restoration time is virtually unknown with these types of sustained damages. With this in mind, the Emergency Committee will carry out training in the form of drills to fine-tune and sort out the preparation process. These drills are important in accessing the integrity and functionality of the preparedness plan.

(b) Fire Prevention and Response Plan Fire outbreaks are dangerous if not contained and extinguished in time. Time is of the essence when dealing with fires. The Emergency Committee will ensure that the persons assigned to fight a fire are properly trained.

(c) Spill Contingency Plan Training in this field will be limited to small localized spills that could occur. Marine spills precedence will be given to the small spills since the probability is much higher. Needless to say, marine spills will be of concern, but these can be more aptly addressed by mitigation measures. Trainees in this area will be required to learn the basics in spill containment and remediation process.

(d) Medical Emergency Much of first aid is common sense, and people are almost certain to learn some elements as they go through their life (such as knowing how to apply an adhesive bandage to a small cut on a finger). However, effective life-saving first aid requires hands-on training by experts, especially where it relates to potentially fatal illnesses and injuries, such as those that require Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), as the procedures may be invasive, and carry a risk of further injury to the patient.

6.7 COMPONENTS OF THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN (DMP)

An onsite emergency is one, which is having negligible effects outside the Port premises and can primarily be controlled by internal facilities and resources available. Some help may be required from external agencies or local authorities. All the consequence footprint of the scenarios identified in the Consequence Analysis chapter indicates that the effects of the incidences will be well within the boundary, which can be mitigated by following the Onsite DMP. The existing jetty facility has an onsite emergency plan which shall be upgraded in lieu with the expansion facilities.

An offsite emergency will affect the neighbouring areas and population outside the jetty premises and would require substantial contribution from local authorities and institutions like police, civil defence, state hospital and civil administration in addition to state fire services.

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Offsite DMP will be needed in case of natural disaster of large magnitude such as tsunami and cyclone.

6.7.1 Content of the Onsite Disaster Management Plan The DMP has been prepared, in so far as is practicable.

Details that need to be furnished in the Onsite DMP are:

 Name and address of the person furnishing the information.  Key personnel of the Organization and responsibilities assigned to them in case of an emergency.  Outside Organization if involved in assisting during an onsite emergency: - Type of accidents - Responsibility assigned.  Details of liaison arrangement between the Organizations.  Information on the preliminary hazard analysis: - Type of accidents. - System elements or events that can lead to a major accident. - Hazards. - Safety relevant components.  Details about the site: - Location of dangerous substances. - Seat of key personnel. - Emergency control room.  Description of hazardous chemicals at Port site: - Chemicals (quantities and toxicological data). - Transformation if any, which could occur. - Purity of hazardous chemicals.  Likely dangers to the Port  Enumerate effects of - - Stress and strain caused during normal operation. - Fire and explosion inside the Port and effect, if any, of fire and explosion outside.  Details regarding - Warning, alarm, safety and security systems. - Alarm and hazard control plans in the line with disaster control and hazard control planning, ensuring the necessary technical and organizational precautions. - Reliable measuring instruments, control units and servicing of such equipments. - Precautions in designing of the foundations and load bearing parts of the building. - Continuous surveillance of operations. - Maintenance and repair work according to the generally recognized rules of good engineering practices.  Details of communication facilities available during emergency and those required for an offsite emergency.  Details of firefighting and other facilities available and those required for an offsite emergency.  Details of first aid and hospital services available and its adequacy.

An outline of these details is provided in the pages following under the headings stated above, in so far as the headings apply to the proposed Port.

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6.7.2 Key Personnel of the Port and Responsibilities in the Event of Emergency

It is to be understood that the first few minutes after the start of an incident are most vital in prevention of escalation. Therefore the personnel available at the site on round-the-clock basis will play an important role. Some of them will be the identified “Key Persons”.Since the liquid berths and Pump House are to be operated by highly skilled officers/operators with the help of “Port In-Charge/Dy. Port Manager”, in the emergency he will also act as “Chief Controller” for incidence and he will nominate different “Emergency Coordinators” to control emergency situation. The role of various coordinators is to assess the situation from time-to- time, take appropriate decisions in consultation with the “Chief Controller”and to provide timely resources to the “Key Persons” to fight the emergency. “Key Persons” as far as is possible are available during shift on a round the clock basis. An organogram of the officers at the liquid cargo operations during emergency is presented as Figure 6.1.

Chief Emergency Controller Co-ordinator

Communication Fire & Safety Engineering & Medical, Finance Transport & Materials Co-ordinator Co-ordinator Coordinator Co-ordinator Coordinator

Figure 6.1: Organization Chart for Onsite Emergency Management Team Key Personnel The senior most officer present in the Port at the time of the incident will be the designated the “Chief Emergency Controller”.

6.7.2.1 Duties and Responsibilities of Key Persons and coordinators a. Chief Emergency Controller He will report at the “Emergency Control Centre” and will assume overall responsibility of the works and its personnel. His duties will be:

(i) To assess the magnitude of the situation and decide whether a major emergency exists or is likely to develop, requiring external assistance. (ii) To inform district emergency chief (i.e. District Collector). (iii) To exercise direct operational control over areas other than those affected. (iv) Assess the magnitude of the situation and decide if staff needs to be evacuated from the assembly points to identified safe places. (v) To continuously review and direct shutting down of Port sections and operations in consultation with the other key personnel. (vi) To liaise with senior officials of Police, Fire Brigade, Medical and local administration, and pass on information on possible effects on the surrounding areas, outside the factory premises.

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(vii) To liaise with various coordinators to ensure casualties are receiving adequate attention and traffic control movement within the work is well regulated. (viii) To arrange for a log of the emergency to be maintained in the Emergency Control Centre. (ix) To release authorized information to press through the Media Coordinator. (x) To control rehabilitation of the affected persons and the affected areas after the emergency.

b. Fire and Safety Coordinator

The main responsibilities of Fire and Safety Coordinator will be: (i) To immediately take charge of all firefighting operations upon sounding of the alarm. (ii) To guide the firefighting team and provide logistics support for effectively combating the fire. (iii) To barricade the area at appropriate locations in order to prevent the movement of vehicular traffic. (iv) To operate the Mutual Aid Scheme and call for additional external help in firefighting. (v) To organize relieving groups for firefighting. (vi) To inform the Chief controller and give “All Clear” signal when the fire emergency is over.

c. Engineering Coordinator

Responsibilities of Engineering Coordinator will be: (i) To liaise with Chief Controller and various other Coordinators (ii) To stop/regulate all operations within the jetty (iii) To switch off main Instrument Control Panel (iv) To stop all engineering works and instruct contractors and their employees to leave the area (v) To assess the water level in the fire water reservoir and supply engineering tools, fire-fighting materials and equipments to various Coordinators (vi) To start all pumps to replenish water and switch on the fire engine for hot standby. (vii) To liaise with transport Coordinator to arrange for external water supply and fuel for generators/engines (viii) To attend mechanical fault/failure of fire water pump and facilities. (ix) To assess situation in consultation with Chief Controller and if required, start/provide electric supply to certain areas/points.

d. Communication and Medical Coordinator

Duties and responsibilities of the Communication and Medical Coordinator will be: (i) To liaise with Chief Controller and various other Coordinator. (ii) To take over entire communication system (external as well as internal). (iii) To arrange to distribute Walkie-Talkie/ VHF sets to various other coordinators. (iv) To inform police, fire brigade, civil authorities, hospitals & request for speedy help. (v) To arrange for vehicles/ambulance for evacuation and causalities.

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(vi) To set and activate first aid centre and arrange to mobilize medical team (vii) Arrange to procure required drugs and appliances. (viii) Arrange to transfer causalities to other hospitals/first aid centre. (ix) To maintain a register for causalities (type of injury, number, hospitalization) (x) To inform families of the causalities.

e. Finance Coordinator

The Asst. Manager (Finance) or his nominee:

(i) Release finances (Cash/Cheques, etc.) as directed by the Chief Controller. (ii) Assist Material Coordinator in enactment of emergency procurement procedures and by deputing his staff. (iii) To liaise with Insurance Company personnel.

f. Transport and Materials Coordinator

Duties & Responsibilities will be:

(i) To liaise with Chief Controller and other Coordinators. (ii) To Arrange issue of materials from warehouse round-the-clock during the emergency period. (iii) To arrange emergency procurements from local dealers or from neighbouring industries. (iv) To arrange transportation of materials from warehouse to the site in consultation with other Coordinators. (v) To arrange for police help for control of traffic & public outside the affected area of the jetty premises. (vi) To arrange for entry for authorized personnel/vehicles only. (vii) To mobilise necessary vehicles as required by various Coordinators (viii) To arrange for regulating the traffic inside the Port area. (ix) To arrange to evacuate all unnecessary personnel from the Port and arrange for vehicles/ambulance for evacuation and casualties. (x) To control and disperse crowd from the scene of fire. (xi) To mobilize all the firefighting spare equipment/ refills/hosepipes/trolleys etc. form the neighbouring units, if required. (xii) To monitor stock of all firefighting equipments and replenish them as and when required.

6.7.3 Communication Facilities to be provided for Emergency

The following are the communication facilities to be provided in the port for emergency;  One 3.0 km range Electric Siren to announce nature of emergency.  For inter-location communications requisite number of P&T telephones will be provided including tie lines and hot lines for communication with district emergency services, authorities, hospitals, etc.  The inter-port paging and public address system will have the following features: - All call with answer back - Group call with answer back - Interfacing with walkie-talkies - Field call stations

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 Walkie-Talkies and mobile phones will be deployed for mobile-to-mobile and mobile-to- stationary communication.  A broad communication diagram outlining interactions between various role players will be set up and rehearsed.

6.7.4 Details of First Aid and Hospital Services Available

Fully stocked first aid boxes shall be placed at strategic locations. A visiting medical practitioner will be made available on a part time basis during day. He will be available on call and round-the- clock for emergency duty. The onsite medical centre will be equipped with facilities for treatment of mechanical injuries, burn injuries and electric shock. An ambulance will be available in the Port round-the-clock.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

The following PPEs and other emergency handling equipment will be stocked to be issued to the trained Key Personnel during an emergency.

 Fire proximity suit  Fire entry suit  Self-contained Breathing Apparatus with one spare cylinder (30 minutes)  Water gel blanket  Safety helmet  Rubber hand gloves for use in electrical jobs  Power tool  Resuscitator

The quantities available will be sufficient to meet the needs of emergency handling personnel.

6.7.5 Rehearsal and Testing 'Fire Drills' will be arranged periodically to test out the laid down system and facilities. The emergency handlers will also "act out" their individual roles in accordance with the emergency procedures laid down to demonstrate that the entire emergency response system can perform efficiently and accurately. Mock drills for emergency will be conducted twice a year.

6.8 OFFSITE ACTION IN THE EVENT OF AN EMERGENCY Offsite action will be carried out in coordination with external agencies, whose responsibilities are listed as follows:  Police  Fire Brigade  Medical Services  Technical Agencies  Rehabilitation Agencies  Electricity Board

6.8.1 Responsibilities of the Services 1. Police  To control traffic & mob by cordoning off the area.

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 Arrange for evacuation of people on advice from the Site Controller/District Collector.  Broadcast/communicate through public address systems to the community on advice from the District/Sub Collector.  Inform relatives about details of injured and casualties.

2. Fire Brigade

 Fighting fire & preventing its spread.  Rescue & salvage operation.

3. Medical/Ambulance

 First Aid to the injured persons.  Shifting critically injured patients to the hospitals.  Providing medical treatment.

4. Technical/Statutory Bodies (Constitutes Factory Inspectorate, Pollution Control Board, Technical Experts from Industries)

 Provide all technical information to the emergency services, as required.  Investigate the cause of the disaster.

5. Rehabilitation

 Arrange for evacuation of persons to nominated rescue centre and arrange for their food, medical and hygienic requirements.  Coordinating with the Insurance Companies for prompt disbursement of compensation to the affected persons.  Maintain communication channels of nearby industries like telephone; telex etc. in perfect working condition.

6. Electricity Board

 To regulate/re-connect the power supply to the Port if specifically asked for by the Port.

6.9 MATHEMATICAL MODEL STUDIES

The mathematical model studies have been conducted in house using MIKE 21 model. The study was carried out for regional and the local model. The model study was carried out to understand the tidal hydrodynamic behavior of flow, probable siltation pattern in the harbor and estimate shoreline changes in the proposed layout.

6.9.1 Flow hydrodynamics

A number of model studies were performed to describe the hydrodynamic conditions at the study area under a range of tidal and wind conditions. The maximum and minimum values of the currents under the flood and ebb conditions are 0.57 m/s. From the model studies it was found that the velocity magnitude remained the same even after the development (reclamation). Therefore the reclamation could be carried out without altering the flow regime in that area indicating no impact if the development on the flow conditions.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

6.9.2 Sedimentation

Sedimentation study was carried out as siltation in the approach channel and harbor basin is an issue in the west coast ports. A proposed dredged depth of 3.5 m was operated for predicting the siltation pattern. The total annual siltation was found to be around 0.75 million cum per annum. It is observed that the average depth of sediment deposition in the approach channel varies from 5 to 7 cm over a period of six months covering monsoon season. The model studies and literature survey of the port along west coast estimated, sedimentation in the entire harbor region including the approach channel and turning circle worked to be 1- 1.25 M Cum.

6.9.3 Wave Tranquility

No wave effect near the proposed development was observed as it is deep inside the creek.

6.9.4 Shoreline Evolution due to Construction

Model studies indicate no change in the bank lines of the river, as the eroding forces due to the increase in the flow velocity due to development is low.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty

Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

7.0 PROJECT BENEFITS

7.1 INTRODUCTION

The existing Jetty facility is a captive facility for the steel plant at Dolvi Works. The facilities are located at Latitude 180 42’ 19’’ N and Longitude 730 1’ 42” E. The site is located 22 km downriver from the mouth of Amba river, SE of the Mumbai Port. JSW Steel Plant, Dolvi Works, Maharashtra, at present produces about 3.2 million tons of steel and generates 55 MW of power.

The steel plant at JSW Steel Plant, Dolvi Works, Maharashtra, proposes to expand its manufacturing capacity from existing 3.2 million tons per annum of steel to 4.7 tons per annum capacity in about 15 months and to about 10 million tons capacity per annum in a period of 4 years.

The import cargo volume then would rise from 8.24 million tpa to 31 million tpa and export cargo from 1.45 million tpa to 9.0 million tpa. Thus the total cargo to be handled would increase from present 9.6. million tpa to 40.0 million tpa. To improve the efficiency, productivity and quality of the jetty services for the increasing demands of raw material it is necessary to increase the existing berth of 331.5 m to 1750m.

7.2 SIGNIFICANT BENEFITS

The jetty is located at about 18.0 nautical miles from Jawaharlal Nehru Port and 18.0 nautical miles from Mumbai Port. The jetty is accessible by road and is 68 km from Mumbai. The region is well connected to railway and road. The strategic location of the jetty makes it easily accessible from road as well as waterways.

The major advantage in planning the proposed Dharamtar jetty near may be summarized below:

 Captive minor port in Dharamtar creek is in operation and can be easily expanded for cargo receipt and handling.  The expanded jetty shall satisfy the increased demands of the existing steel plant which has expanded its production capacity.  Shall reduce the pollution as the cargo shall be brought in through the waterways thereby reducing the air and noise pollution during transportation.

7.3 AESTHETICS AND LANDSCAPE

It is proposed to develop greenbelt around the plant, which will go a long way to achieve environmental protection as well as aesthetics of the area.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty

Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Selection of the plant species is recommended to be made from the local species in consultation with the forest department. The recommended criteria for selecting the species for greenbelt development are:

 Plant should be fast growing;  Preferably perennial and evergreen;  Indigenous;  Resistant to dust pollution.

The general considerations to be adopted while developing the greenbelt are:

 Trees growing up to 10 m or above in height with perennial foliage should be planted around the perimeter of the proposed project area and on the sides of the coal storage and handling areas.  Trees should also be planted along the roadside.  Shrubs to be planted at appropriate places for green cover development.

Taking into consideration the above parameters, the greenbelt development plan has to be evolved for the proposed site.

7.4 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

The construction and commissioning of the jetty expansion will fulfil all the demands needed to increase the production and development.

The socio economic benefits envisaged due to the expansion project are:

 Creation of new direct and indirect job opportunities during construction and operational phase of the project.  The development of various activities, would not only improve the cash flow in the area, but would also provide an impetus to improvement in infrastructure at the local level.  Proponent may consider making arrangements for training and development of specific skills by way of sponsored education and training programs for local people.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility

at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

8.1 INTRODUCTION

The aim of the environmental management plan is to ensure that the adverse impacts are minimized and the positive impacts are maximized to the extent possible. The management plan integrates the baseline conditions, impacts likely to occur, and the supportive and assimilative capacity of the system. The most reliable way to achieve the above objective is to incorporate the management plan into the overall planning and implementation of the project. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the proposed Expansion of the jetty into following categories:

 Land environment  Water environment  Air Environment  Noise Environment

Overall economic growth and development of the nation depends upon the industrial development in the country. A number of industrial projects are coming up and the development of the infrastructure facilities would be necessary for their functioning. The developments can also have an impact on the environmental parameters. Adequate measures should be adopted from the very early stage in design phase itself to minimize the adverse impacts and safeguard environment. In the proposed project of expansion of existing jetty, environmental protection and pollution control measures to be adopted have been envisaged for safety of the port and surrounding areas.

This chapter deals with the environmental management plan for the proposed Jetty expansion.

8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Impact assessment helps in identifying potentially damaging aspects of a proposed project. Based on the findings of the impact assessment, Environment Management Plan is devised to minimize adverse impacts and enumerate various steps to be taken for improvement of the environment. However due to no major adverse impact on the Air, Water, Land, Biological Environment due to the project, the Environment Management Plan shall not be very complicated and only regular monitoring of ambient air quality, marine water quality, noise level and soil quality shall be carried out as per the requirements. The general precautionary measures shall be adopted at all times. These include

 Persons working near the noise generation equipments shall use Personal Protective Equipment such as earplugs muffs  All workers should be made aware of adverse effect high noise levels through training program; this will ensure proper implementation of mitigation measures  All sanitary facilities shall be properly maintained  all the wastes generated shall be treated and disposed as per norms.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility

at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is the key to ensure a safe and clean environment. A project may have identified proper mitigation measures but without a management plan to execute it, the desired results may not be obtained. The present chapter on Environment Management Plan envisages proper implementation of mitigation measures to reduce the adverse impacts arising out of the project activities.

The following issues have been addressed in this EMP:

 Mitigation measures for abatement of the undesirable impacts caused during construction  Details of management plans  Institutional set up for implementation of the EMP  Post project environmental monitoring programme to be undertaken after commissioning of the project  Expenditures for environmental protection measures.

The EMP is proactive in nature and should be upgraded if new facilities or modification of existing facilities, with environmental concerns, come up at a larger stage. EMP included four major elements:

 Commitment and policy: The project will strive to provide and implement the Environmental Management Plan that incorporates all issues related to air, land and water  Planning: This includes identification of environmental impacts, legal requirements, and setting environmental objectives. Implementation: This comprises of resources available to the developers, accountability of contractors, training of operational staff associated with environmental control facilities and documentation of measures to be taken.  Measurement and evaluation: This includes monitoring, corrective actions, and record keeping.

The EMP’s that will be put into place consist of those during construction and operating stages of the project and includes the following elements:

 Air Pollution Control and Management  Noise Control and Management  Plantation, Landscaping and Land Management  Management of Soil Issues  Occupational, Safety and Health Issues  Best Management Practices  Energy Conservation  Environmental Monitoring  Solid Waste Management (during construction)  Emergency Response Plans for Emergency Scenarios Environmental Management System.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility

at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

8.3 LAND ENVIRONMENT

The project envisages no acquisition of land. Thus, impacts, which accrue as a result of acquisition of private land and other properties, are not envisaged in the proposed project. During construction phase, significant amount of construction material will be excavated. These sites would be refilled later. It is recommended that already operational quarry be used.

The following Measures are recommended to minimize adverse impacts on Environment during quarrying:

 It must be ensured that the quarry sites and borrow pits be of a regular shape and if possible, of equal size, If possible, their location could be at least 1.6 km away from the nearest habitation.  Borrow pits could be located along the natural drainage and not across the natural drainage Borrow pits can be in a series, so that they can be inter-connected leading the Collected water to the lowest level of the pit, which should be of sufficient size to hold the discharge from the upstream pits.  The bottom each pit can be gently sloped towards the next pit below in the series and pipes can do the Interconnections or open drains filled with broken stone to prevent scouring of drains.  Only rocky outcrops should be quarried and quarrying below the general ground level, surrounding the rock should be avoided.

8.4 MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTE

There are no labour camps on the site. The only solid waste expected to be generated during the construction phase is the packaging waste, wooden and paper cartoons etc.

Various aspects of solid waste management include:

 Reuse/Recycling  Collection and Transportation  Disposal

In order to reduce quantum of waste generated, project will reuse significant quantity Muck (generated due to excavations) for backfilling, form work (in civil work) wherever possible and will also reuse the packing materials received with packages etc.

Project proponent will explore opportunity to recycle the waste generated at the project site, in this context project will identify authorized vendors and send used batteries, used oil, and used oil filters for recycling.

Adequate facilities for collection, conveyance and disposal of solid waste will be developed.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility

at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

8.5 MANAGEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION WASTE

On completion of construction activities, it should be made mandatory for the contractor to annihilate all signs of haul roads, storage areas, temporary structures, labour colonies, etc. Extraneous material and objects should be removed from the site. These aspects will be made mandatory as a part of the contract agreement. The major construction materials include coarse aggregate, cement and steel for various other concrete structures. It is proposed to use existing approved quarries to the extent possible.

As far as reclamation work is concerned, direct dumping of burrowed material either burrowed or dredged will create turbidity. Hence a reclamation embankment would be constructed before the reclamation and all the reclamation material shall be dumped inside the embankment so that no general turbidity in the area is created.

8.6 AIR ENVIRONMENT:

8.6.1 Construction Phase a) For mobile source emissions:

 Idling of delivery trucks or other equipment should not be permitted during periods when they are being unloaded or are not in active use.  Concrete should be supplied from an on-site batching plant in order to reduce travel distances of concrete delivery trucks. But trucks carrying cement, gravel, sand will have to travel to site and may cause dust emission. Instead, ready mix concrete carried in enclosed container may be better option as compared to on site batch mixing.  Dust covers should be provided on trucks that would be used for transportation of materials prone to fugitive dust emissions. b) For stationary source emissions: -

 Most of the crushers and machinery related to quarry materials should be located close to quarries for ease of handling. Such machinery should be screened with sheets of suitable material and plantation to reduce SPM levels and noise levels by crushers and other machinery.  Areas prone to fugitive dust emissions due to activities such as demolition, excavation, grading sites and routes of delivery vehicles across patches of exposed earth, should be frequently watered to suppress re-entrained dust.  Apart from these, the equipment/machines and vehicles should be always kept in good state of repair to minimize emissions. Low emission vehicles / equipment should be used wherever feasible. Construction areas should be enclosed, wherever possible. 

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility

at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

8.6.2 Operation Phase

8.6.2.1 Dust control during coa, iron ore and limestone handling

The coal handling system is designed based on the annual coal requirement for different uses. The imported coal would be unloaded from the ships anchored in mid-sea into barges and received at a proposed jetty. The coal would be unloaded by barge unloaders and then conveyed by belt conveyors to coal stockyard. These cargos are potential sources of dust and would contribute to fugitive dust emissions. Another source of air pollution in the proposed project is due to the increased vehicular movement in the project area.

The following measures are recommended to control air pollution during cargo handling:

 The impacts due to dust emissions could be substantially managed by containment and reduction of emissions. The reduction in the emissions is achieved by continuous spraying of water so that the surface remains moist and the dust gets suppressed. In materials where the water spray would change the characteristics of the material by making it muddy and slushy, foam is proposed to be used.

 It is proposed to install mechanised handling system and the other associated equipments such as hoppers, belt conveyors, stacker cum reclaimers along with integrated dust suppression systems. The systems to be incorporated in the

8.7 NOISE POLLUTION

8.7.1 Construction Phase

During construction phase, the use of construction equipment is the major source of noise. However, based on the modelling studies, the noise due to operation of construction equipment is not likely to have any adverse impact on the nearby villages. Efforts will be required to maintain properly functioning equipment and comply with occupational safety and health standards. The recommended measures are as follows:

 Construction equipments shall be properly maintained. Contract should specify use of equipment generating noise of not greater than 90 dB (A).  Construction Contract Specifications should stipulate levels of maximum noise generation in various zones (residential, commercial and sensitive) based on CPCB Noise Standards.  Notification will be given to residents within 100 m of major noise generating activities. High noise generating construction activities like drilling, compacting etc. should be carried out only during day time Installation, use and maintenance of mufflers on equipment are recommended.  Adequate PPE to be provided to the persons working in the high noise area. 

8.7.2 Operation Phase

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility

at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

During the operational phase noise generation is envisaged from the use of cargo handling equipments, vehicular movements. Following precautions shall be adopted to maintain the noise levels within the prescribed limits:

 Preference shall be given to equipments that produce low noise.  A noise barrier in the form of trees/ green belt shall be developed to attenuate the noise level.  Adequate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) will be provided to the persons working in high noise areas

 Noise from the DG set shall be controlled by providing an acoustic enclosure or by treating the enclosure acoustically.

8.8 WATER ENVIRONMENT

8.8.1 Construction Phase

 The waste water generated due to washing of the equipments shall be treated and reused to the maximum extent. The remaining shall be disposed off as per MPCB norms.  Drinking water facilities and waste disposal facilities if any will be located away from each other.  An environmentally friendly Dredging Plan shall be adopted. This includes.

 Dredger operators should follow proper safety procedures to avoid accidents and spills.  Care to be taken to ensure that the ship movement in the proximity of the dredged area shall not be affected.  The timing of the dredging activities to be planned to avoid and reduce any impact on the marine fauna , if any.  Measures to be adopted for minimizing and localising the sediment suspension in the area

8.8.2 Operation Phase

There are two sources of wastewater generation in the port project. One is the water collected from the stockyard area after being used for dust suppression and second is the domestic wastewater. Both of these waste streams will be treated appropriately. Apart from these two regular sources of effluents, plans for leaks at workshops and marine oil spills also are proposed. Effluent from coal and other bulk cargo yard

Effluent from stack yard will contain mainly fine particles. This is proposed to be treated in a settling tank. Clean over flow after dust settlement can be collected and recycled for dust suppression and excess overflow will be discharged into outfall drain. The sludge so produced will be mainly coal dust, which will be put back in the stack yard.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility

at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

The effluent form coal stack yard will contain high suspended solids. It is proposed to be treated in a settling tank. The sludge so produced will be mainly coal dust, which can be dried on sludge drying beds. The dried sludge, which has fuel value, can then be distributed amongst the villagers. During monsoon months, the sludge can be stored separately, in a structure with adequate storage capacity. The collected water can be reused sprinkling on coal stockyard.

Control of Water Pollution from oil spills/ marine transportation

Another source of water pollution during the operation phase is the oil spills that may occur during bunkering operations. To combat the oil pollution the measures adopted will be as follows:

 Portable oil skimmers should be available at the berth.  A clean sweep oil recovery unit consisting of a power pack and the recovery unit mounted on a system can be utilized for skimming the oil.  The berths should have chemical dispersants with spray pumps, collection system for debris and recovery of oil and tanker carriers for recovering sludge/bilge water.  An Oil Spill Response Plan shall be in place.

Management of Oil Spills

At terminals the main source of spoils results from routine operations such as valve leakages, improper couplings, pipeline leaks etc. These operational spills are generally small. Rare but large accidental spills can occur when a ship/barge gets involved in an accident such as collision or grounding. Hence, response at several levels is necessary for combating oil spills of such variable quantity. A response team shall be dedicated for action in case of such spills in the jetty limits. The team can seek additional assistance through the regional communication / operational centre of the Coast Guard. In case if an accident or grounding of the vessel.

Oil Spill Contingency Plan

A quick and efficient response is the prime factor deciding the efficiency of the operation and implementation of the oil spill combat plan. In view of efficient operation of the plan in case of emergency the measures proposed are:

 All equipment to be routinely inspected and regular mocks to be held  The plan to include strategy for combating depending on the oil type, quantity, area of spill and areas likely to be affected.  Deployment of booms to contain and protect sensitive habitats, mainly mangroves.  Strategy for shore line cleaning and storage of oil contaminated soil.  Final disposal of recovered oil.  Training to be imparted to the personnel responding to oil spills.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility

at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

8.9 ESCAPEMENT OF SOLID CARGO Comprehensive and easy to implement Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) will be made for each category of cargo in order to avoid spillages. SOPs will address safe conditions of wind, tide, visibility etc under which operations would be permissible. The operating staff at the berth will be trained in such operations and also to handle emergencies.

Transfer of bulks to the stack yards will be through closed conveyors. Water sprinkling will be done at stack yards prone to generate wind-blown dust.

8.10 BERTH RELATED WASTES The wastes generated at berths in normal operations include domestic effluent, garbage and solid wastes (debris, leftover plastic items, boxes, containers etc).

Sufficient number of toilets and bathrooms will be provided to the operational staff. The sewage and domestic wastewater will be treated in a wastewater treatment plant and used for greenbelt development.

A site in the vicinity of berths will be cordoned and mark as solid waste collection site. Solid and hazardous wastes will be segregated at this site and stored separately. Biodegradable waste will be disposed as municipal sewage while hazardous waste will be given to the MPCB approved recyclers.

8.11 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT

Green belt development around the various project appurtenances is proposed , this will go a long way to protect environment and mitigate pollution levels in the area.

Depending upon the topo-climatological conditions and regional ecological status, selection of the appropriate plant species has been made. The various criteria adopted for selecting the species for greenbelt development are:

 Plants should be fast growing;  Preferably perennial and evergreen;  Indigenous;  Resistant to SPM pollution  Should maintain the ecological and hydrological balance of the region.

The general considerations involved while developing the greenbelt are:

 Trees growing up to 10 m or above in height with perennial foliage should be planted around the perimeter of the proposed project area and on both sites of the conveyor belt.  Planting of trees should be undertaken in appropriate encircling rows around the project site.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility

at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

 Trees should also be planted along the roadside.  Generally fast growing trees should be planted.  Since, the tree trunk area is normally devoid of foliage upto a height of 3 m, it may be useful to have shrubbery in front of the trees so as to give coverage to this portion.

Table 8.1: Recommended species for greenbelt development Common Name Botanical Name

Peepal Ficus religiosa

Arjuna Terminalia arjuna

Mango Mangifera indica

Suru Casuarina equisetifolia

Undi Mamea logifolia

Amla Embelica officinalis

Arjun Terminalis arjuna

8.12 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

The proposed expansion of the existing jetty shall lead to employment opportunities during construction as well as operation phase. The proposed project will overall enhance the existing Socio-economic profile of the area. The fishing activity of local people shall not be affected due to the proposed expansion project.

The proposed project does not involve displacement of houses or population and no R & R issues are envisaged.

Adequate arrangements shall be provided for crossover of residents. The proposed project is a jetty expansion project and thus shall not affect the life-style of the local people, nor will it affect the Public Health of the residents of nearby villages. Adequate Medical facility are provided to the workers.

8.12 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL

It is proposed to develop Environment management team as a part of Environmental Management Cell (EMC) who will be responsible for the management of the environment of all environment retreated activities. The team will be headed by a senior management executive and will constitute environmental engineers, chemists and horticulture supervisors. The Organizational Structure of Environment Management Cell (EMC) is presented in Figure 6.8.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd. EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility

at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Head - Environment, Health and Safety

Environmental Engineer Chief Chemist Ecologist/ Horticulturist/

Botanist

Implementation of Air, Water, Soil and Maintenance of Greenbelt Environmental management Noise Monitoring and Plantation

Legal Compliance and Environmental Audits

Figure 8.1: Organization structure for Environment Management Cell (EMC)

The Head (Environment) will be responsible for Environmental Management Activities in the proposed project. Basically, this department will supervise the monitoring of environmental pollution levels viz. source emission monitoring, ambient air quality, water and effluent quality, noise level either departmentally or by appointing external agencies wherever necessary. In case the monitored results of environmental monitoring are found to exceed the allowable limits, the Environmental Management Cell will suggest remedial action and get these suggestions implemented through the operation group.

The EMC will also coordinate all the related activities such as collection of statistics of health of workers and population of the region, afforestation and greenbelt development.

Table- 8.2 and 8.3 gives the mitigation measure to be carried out during construction and operational phase respectively with the organization responsible to take the measures.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty

Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Table 8.2: Mitigation Measures during Initiation/Construction Phase Sr. Affected Likely adverse impacts Nature of Proposed Mitigation Measures Super-vision No. Environ- in the absence of impact By mental mitigation measures Parameters Action to be taken Implementing Agency 1. Land – Soil Degradation of land by Significant Stabilization of all slopes along with provision of Contractor JSW Erosion / erosion, loss of top soil, and benches, pitching, breast walls etc. Silting etc. silting of water courses, Permanent Avoiding earthwork during monsoon flooding etc. Provision of adequate Construction and Development works to prevent silting and avoid flooding Planting shrubs, grass or trees on slopes and surfaces exposed due to excavation or filling Design Consultant JSW 2. Air Quality Increase in levels of Significant Prohibition of unnecessary idling of construction Contractor JSW NOx, SPM, Dust but trucks hazards Temporary On-site use of concrete batching plant

Use of dust covers over construction material during transportation Keeping all equipment/vehicles in good state of repairs Enclosing construction areas and crushers at quarry if possible

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty

Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Sr. Affected Likely adverse impacts Nature of Proposed Mitigation Measures Super-vision No. Environ- in the absence of impact By mental mitigation measures Parameters Action to be taken Implementing Agency Keeping all stationary equipment downwind and away from residential area and sensitive receptors Stabilization of dust prone areas by sprinkling water 3. Noise Increase in noise levels Significant Prohibition for use of equipment emitting noise Contractor JSW causing nuisance to but of greater than 90 dB (A) for 8 hour operation nearby residence and temporary Installation and maintenance of mufflers on sensitive receptors equipment wherever possible Provide workers on machinery with ear muffs / ear plugs 4. Surface Increase in turbidity Significant Erosion protection measures Contractor JSW water quality Deterioration in marine but No dumping of construction material into marine water quality temporary waters. 5. Severance / Affect on livelihood of Temporary Ensure dialogue with affected people JSW JSW Displacement people and temporary but Provide adequate crossover for school children health hazards to significant and populace. populace

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty

Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Table 8.3: Mitigation Measures during Operation Phase Sr. Affected Likely adverse impacts in the Nature of Proposed Mitigation Measures No. Environmental absence of mitigation measures Impact Parameters Action to be taken Implementing agency 1. Air Quality Fugitive emissions due to loading Significant . Sprinkling of water during JSW and unloading activities and loading/unloading activity temporary . Green belt and regular maintenance of carriageways . Good house keeping 2. Noise Increase in noise level due to Significant . All the equipments will be duly lubricated, JSW project activities and maintained in good working conditions to temporary minimise noise level . Green belt barriers will be provided on either side of the road 3. Surface water Sewage generation & accidental Insignificant . Installation of STP for treating the sewage JSW quality oil spill . No oil bunkers will be handled at the port

4. Public Health Health problems to people staying Moderate . Adequate medical facilities will be JSW and Safety in close vicinity and provided to the people staying in close Permanent vicinity . Regular medical check ups will be organised for the welfare of local people

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty

Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

8.14 BUDGETS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

The mitigative measures suggested in the preceding chapters forms costs related to measures incorporated into engineering design; project scheduling, site planning and preparation of tender documents. The cost on this account will be covered with the construction budget and should not be seen as items of cost for implementing Environmental Management Plan. The estimated environmental cost considered here includes:

During Construction phase

 Provision of air, noise, and dust vegetative barrier/ special screens- both side of project area  Dust suppression  Erosion Control Measures  Solid barrier to check noise pollution for sensitive receptors like school etc.  Rehabilitation of borrow pits  Solid waste management due to construction activity.

During Operation phase

 Air pollution monitoring  Noise monitoring  Water quality monitoring

Table 8.4 : Cost Estimate for EMP Parameter EMP Cost (in Rs. Lakhs) Construction Phase Operational Phase (annual expense) Air pollution 85 40 Water pollution 77 50 Waste Management 28 35 Marine ecology 73 50 Green belt 55 15 development Total 318 190

The environmental cost is consists of monetary value of the mitigative measures adopted to minimize the negative impact of project on environment. Environmental cost is divided into two categories, i.e. capital cost and operation and maintenance cost. Sufficient fund will be made available for environmental monitoring, pollution control system and its operation activities.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty

Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

9.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

The proposed project is for expansion of the existing jetty facilities at Dharamatar from 331.5m to 1750m to meet increased demand of the import and export cargo for the 10 MTPA expansion of the JSW Steel Dolvi works. The total cargo proposed to be handled at the jetty after expansion shall be about 33.95 MTPA. The project activities envisage berthing, loading and unloading of vessels.

Primary and secondary data were used to assess the environmental impacts of the proposed project. The potential environmental impacts were assessed in a comprehensive manner. All the potential environmental impacts associated with different phases (i.e, during design or pre-construction, construction and operation) of the Project were assessed. The EIA report has thoroughly assessed all the potential environmental impacts associated with the project. The environmental impacts identified by the study are manageable. The implementation of environmental mitigation measures recommended in the report will bring the anticipated impacts to minimum. Site specific and practically suitable mitigation measures are recommended to mitigate the impacts. Further, a suitable monitoring plan has been designed to monitor the effectiveness of envisaged mitigation measures during the operation phase. Expansion of the jetty and port backup will be carried out with utmost care for terrestrial and riverine environment by implementation of a construction-phase EMP and environmental monitoring programme. The environmental impacts due to construction are envisaged to be localised, mostly reversible and insignificant.

No hazardous cargo is proposed to be handed at the port. All cargo will be handle and stored under sprinkling of water to control fugitive emission. Pollution Control Equipment will be installed integrally with the material handling system. The development activity envisages generation of insignificant amount of air and water pollution; the same shall be managed through effective mitigation measures. Greenbelt will be raised to ameliorate fugitive emissions and noise from the port operations. Other EMP measures such as regular sprinkling of water on fine cargo, operation of STP and storm drainage system shall ensure effective environment management in the proposed project.

The expansion will bring about opportunities for primary and secondary employment in the region and lead to socio-economic development of the nearby villages.

The implementation and monitoring of effectiveness of the environmental mitigation measures during the operation phase will be assigned to the Environmental Control Department. An Environmental Management Unit, comprising of senior management level officers will periodically assess and monitor the implementation of mitigation measures, and will tackle the management bottle necks of implementation of mitigation measures and environmental monitoring programme.

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

10.0 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS (MECON LIMITED)

MECON LIMITED is a Public Sector Undertaking under Ministry of Steel, Government of India, as one of the leading design, engineering and consultancy organizations, with extensive in house and overseas experience. MECON has wide exposure and infrastructure for carrying out detailed design engineering, consultancy and site services or any other technical services for various sectors but predominantly in steel.

MECON’s services include the whole range of work relating to setting up of projects in the field of infrastructure, power, metallurgy both ferrous & non- ferrous, chemicals/ petrochemicals and allied engineering complexes including specialized fields such as hydro engineering, sewerage scheme, sewage treatment, industrial effluent treatment, solid waste disposal including municipal waste disposal system, ports, defense projects, mints/ currency note presses, environmental engineering, system engineering, etc. Because of being under Ministry of Steel MECON has wide exposure in providing engineering and consultancy services for the steel sector in India and abroad. MECON was involved in the planning stage of a large number of important steel plants in India.

MECON is registered with World Bank, ADB, EBRD, African Development Bank, UNIDO, etc. MECON has collaboration agreements with the leading firms from USA, Germany, France, Italy, erstwhile U.S.S.R etc. in various fields and possesses process know-how & intend to make alliances & agreements to pool up and offer the best resources as may be available for specific requirement. MECON is the first engineering & consultancy organization in the country to be accredited with ISO: 9001 by RW TUV of Germany in the field of design, engineering, consultancy, contracting & supplying, inspection and project management services.

MECON’s Engineering Resources

MECON has a large set up with about 1700 strong workforce, of which about 1100 are graduate/ postgraduate engineers and technical staff in about 30 technical disciplines. We possess our own in-house mainframe computer and host of LANS, mini computers, PCs, latest facilities of CAD/ CAM and other design & engineering aids. MECON is equipped with laboratories including electro-technological laboratory (ETL), environmental laboratory and R & D laboratory and E-Mail connectivity through VSAT of NICNET.

With head office at Ranchi; and engineering offices at Bangalore & Delhi, 35 project site offices and liaison offices spread all over the country including Kolkata, Delhi, Chennai & Mumbai. MECON can assist very effectively in executing projects.

10.1 PROFILE OF CONSULTANT

MECON's services include the whole range of work relating to setting up of industrial projects in the field of power, metallurgy, ferrous and non-ferrous, chemicals/petrochemical and allied engineering complexes including specialised fields, such as, Defence Projects, mints/currency note presses, Environmental Engineering, Systems Engineering, etc. MECON has an established track record of providing its expertise in the area of design, engineering, supply, inspection, project

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra management, construction management, construction supervision, testing and commissioning services for large industrial projects in India and abroad.

MECON’s consultancy services in the field of Environmental Engineering & Management includes but not limited to Project Specific EIA/EMP study, Regional EIA Study, ISO:14000 Consultancy, Environmental Audit, Ground water contamination study, Preparation of industry specific norms for CPCB, ETP/STP/Tailing disposal (FR/DPR/DE/Turnkey execution), Socio-Economic study, Rehabilitation & Resettlement study, Environmental Baseline data generation, Environmentally compatible land use zoning, Air Pollution (Dust Suppression & Dust Extraction Systems) /Water Management, Ecological study (Terrestrial & Aquatic/Marine), Effluent Treatment Plant, Sewage Treatment Plant and Rainwater Harvesting. All these proposals have received Environmental Clearance from MoEF.

MECON’s Environmental Engineering Division is a multi-disciplinary group of 30 engineers, specialists and scientists whose services are backed up by a sophisticated Environmental Engineering Laboratory.

MECON has been accredited for 16 sectors and 11 functional areas. All EIA coordinators and Functional area experts are in-house experts of MECON. Certificate of NABET is enclosed at the end of the chapter. Details of the sectors and of the Functional Area Experts of MECON working in Environmental area are given below:

Details of sectors accorded to MECON under the QCI-NABET scheme for accreditation of EIA consultant organization

Sr. Name of the Sector Category No. 1. Mining of minerals including Opencast / Underground mining A 2. Only offshore oil and gas exploration, development & Production A 3. River Valley, hydel, drainage and Irrigation projects A 4. Thermal Power Plants A 5. Coal washers A 6. Mineral beneficiation including pelletization A 7. Metallurgical industries (ferrous & non ferrous) – both primary and A secondary 8. Cement Plants A 9. Coke Oven Plants A 10. Induction / arc furnaces / cupola furnaces / submerged arc furnace B / crucible furnace / re-heating furnace of capacity more than 5 Tonne per heat 11. Oil & gas transportation pipeline (crude and refinery / A

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

petrochemical products), passing through national parks / sanctuaries / coral reefs / ecologically sensitive areas including LNG terminal 12. All ship breaking yards including ship breaking units A 13. Industrial estates / parks / complexes / areas export processing A Zones (EPZs), Special Economic Zones (SEZs), Biotech Parks, Leather Complexes 14. Ports, harbours, jetties, marine terminals, break waters and A dredging 15. Highways, railways, transport terminals, mass rapid transport A systems 16. Common Municipal Solid Waste Management Facilities (CMSWMF) B

Brief description of the Functional Area Experts of MECON working in the field of Environment

Sr. No. Functional Area Approved Category 1. Noise A 2. Land Use A 3. Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Management A 4. Water Pollution Prevention, Control & Prediction of Impacts A 5. Risk Assessment & hazard Management A 6. Ecology and Biodiversity A 7. Meteorology, Air Quality Modeling & prediction A 8. Hydrology, Ground Water & Water Conservation A 9. Socio-Economics A 10. Air Pollution Prevention, Monitoring & Control A 11. Geology A

MECON’s Environmental Engineering Division is well equipped with various computerized predictive tools required for carrying out Environmental studies.

List of Computer models for Environmental Studies Developed In house  Multisource Dispersion Model based on Gaussian Model  Screening Model to determine Max. GLC at most unfavorable meteorological condition

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

 Determination of Atmospheric stability  Noise Propagation Model  Coastal Zone Dispersion Model  Model for preparation of Wind Rose Procured from outside  USEPA approved models  Industrial Source Complex Short Term (ISCST)  AEROMOD for Air Quality prediction  Industrial Point Source Complex Long Term (ISCLT)  Multiple Point Source Model With Terrain Adjustments (MPTER)  Fugitive Dust Model (FDM)  Qual 2E River Model  CALINE – 3 (Highway Model)  Complex Terrain Dispersion Model (CTDM PLUS)  Groundwater Modeling System (GMS)  Surface Water Modeling System (SMS)  Watershed Modeling System (WMS)  Green Belt Model  Phast Model for Risk Assessment

Environmental division has a sophisticated environmental engineering laboratory equipped with modern state of the art apparatus/instruments for carrying out physico-chemical and biological analysis of environmental parameters. The equipment list is shown below:

List of major equipment at Environmental laboratory Sl. Name of the instrument Make/ Model/ Specification No.

High Performance Liquid Chromatograph WATERS UK 1. (HPLC) with UV Detector. Atomic Absorption Spectro-photometer (AAS) Perkin Elmer, 2. A Analyst - 100 3. Ion Analyser with 10 ion selective electrodes ORION-960 Research USA 4. Gas Chromatograph with FID Model – 7610 chemito make 5. Portable Spectrophotometer HACH, DR-2000, USA 6. Oil Analyser Wilks-CVH, USA

JSW Dharamtar Port Pvt.Ltd.

EIA/EMP Study for Expansion of Dharamtar Jetty Facility at Dolvi, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Sl. Name of the instrument Make/ Model/ Specification No.

7. Hydrogen Generator Whatman, Model 75-34 8. CO Analyser( NDIR Based) Environment S.A. 011 M, France 9. NOx Analyser (Chemiluminiscence) Environment S.A. AC-31 M, France 10. Ozone-monitor Environment S.A. 41 M - France Spectrophotometers UV – Visible recording type Chemito-2500 & ECIL, GS – 5701. 11. Spectrophotometer Systronics – 106 Photometer Systronics – 112 12. Digital Mercury Analyser ECIL, MA 5840 13. Flame Photometer with Compressor AIMIL 14. Turbidity Meter Systronics 15. Conductivity Meter Toshinwal, ModelLO110A 16. pH Meter Multimake BOD Incubator SICO 17. OXI - Top E. Merck 18. Research Microscope Wild Leitz Germany

ToR FOR THE EXPANSION OF THE DHARAMTAR JETTY FACILITIES

Sr no. ToR point Remarks 1 Submit the details of compliance of The compliance to the conditions of Environmental Clearance Environmental Clearance is submitted to MoEFCC Regional Office, Bhopal every six months. The copy of the compliance submitted is incorporated in the EIA as Annexure I. 2 Submit HTL/LTL map prepared by an HTL/LTL map in the scale of authorised agency on 1:4000 scales super 1:4000 is prepared by National imposed with project layout. Submit Institute of Oceanography, an recommendation of Maharashtra CZMA. authorised agency. The project was considered in the 92nd and 96th meeting of Maharashtra CZMA. 3 Submit details of the mangroves area, along Common species like Avicennia with conservation/ protection measures. No spp. and Sonneratia spp. are reclamation/ construction activity shall be present along the banks of Amba carried out within 50m of mangroves river. However no dense mangroves are observed in the immediate vicinity of the project. The utilities are designed such that it will have no impact the mangrove. No mangrove shall be cut or reclaimed for construction. The detail of the mangroves is incorporated in chapter 2. 4 Marine flora and fauna is poorly Submit likely impact on marine flora and represented in the creek area. The fauna due to the enhanced traffic/ bringing 2700 DWT barges shall be higher capacity barges in the creek. replaced with 8000 DWT barges. The traffic studies reveal that there would be no change in the number of trips per day. Thus the no much change is envisaged. The detail of the number of barge trips envisaged after expansion is included in chapter 2. 5 The creek adjacent to the facility Submit the details of the likely impact on the is unlikely to be affected due to creek adjacent to the facility. the proposed development. No components of the port are planned along the creek. Care shall be taken to avoid any terrestrial run off to enter the creek. 6 Details of the project components, channel, The description of the project, jetty details of the channel and the jetty are included in chapter 2 of EIA. 7 Mother vessels ranging from Details of the ships/ barges to be handled. Panamax to Cape size shall be

harboured at JSW operated

Jaigarh Port or Mumbai harbour.

Barges up to 8000 DWT shall be

loaded and brought to Dharamtar

jetty.

The detail of the ships/ barge to

be handled after expansion is

included in chapter 2. 8 For navigation of 8000 DWT Details of the dredging, disposal and barges 5m dredging below the reclamation. chart datum is needed. The

dredging of navigational channel,

vessel waiting area and turning

circle would give about 6 million

m3 of dredged material. Dredged

area would be used for land

filling and remaining would be

disposed off at designated area in

Mumbai harbour

A strip of 20m to 50m is

proposed to be reclaimed behind

the proposed berth. Total area of

reclamation amounts of approx.

10 ha. 9 A detailed Oil Spill Contingency Submit the Oil Spill Contingency Plan. Plan has been incorporated in

chapter 8 of the EIA 10 The port shall ensure that the ships under Only barges shall enter the operation follow the MARPOL convention navigational channel and the port regarding discharge or spillage of any toxic, area. hazardous or polluting material like ballast

water, oily water or sludge, sewage, garbage

etc.

11 Solid waste shall be segregated Details of solid waste and management. and disposed off as per the norms

of the SPCB amd MPCB. 12 About 800 KLD water would be Details of water requirement, source, waste required during operational water treatment and disposal phase. Water would be availed

from the present allocation to the

jetty from K.T. Bhandara. The

waste water would be treated and

reused for green belt

development in the project area. 13 Submit details of Environmental The Environmental Management Management Plan and Environmental Plan and Environmental Monitoring Plan with parameters and cost Monitoring Plan with parameters and cost is included in chapter 8 of the EIA. 14 Submit details of Risk Assessment, Disaster The Risk assessment, disaster Management Plan including emergency management plan is included in evacuation during natural and manmade the Chapter 6 disaster like floods, cyclone, tsunami and earth quakes etc. 15 The General guidelines as per the annexure The EIA/Emp prepared as per the II to this minute shall also be considered for guidelines preparation of EIA/EMP. 16 Public Hearing be conducted for the project Public Hearing was conducted in in accordance with the provisions of EIA accordance with the provisions of Notification, 2006 EIA Notification, 2006 by MPCB on 22nd May, 2014.