Initial Environmental Examination SRI: Southern Road Connectivity Project

Initial Environmental Examination

May 2013

SRI: Southern Road Connectivity Project

Moratuwa – Piliyandala Road (B295)

Prepared by the Road Development Authority, Ministry of Ports and Highways for the Asian Development Bank.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 27 May 2013) Currency unit - Sri Lanka rupees (SLRe/SLRs) SLRe1.00 = $0.007915 $1.00 = SLRs126.350

ABBREVIATIONS

AC Asphalt Concrete ADB Asian Development Bank ADT Annual Average Daily Traffic AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome CBO Community Based Organization CEA Central Environmental Authority CEB Ceylon Electricity Board CSC Consultant Supervision Consultant DBST Double Bituminous Surface Treatment DoF Department of Forestry DoI Department of Irrigation DS Divisional Secretariats DWLC Department of Wild Life Conservation EMP Environmental Management Plan ESCM Environmental Safeguards Compliance Manual GoSL Government of Sri Lanka GSMB Geological Survey and Mining Bureau HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus IEE Initial Environmental Examination IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature LA Local Authorities LAA Land Acquisition Act MOPH Ministry of Ports and Highways NWSDB National Water Supply and Drainage Board PD Project Director PIU Project Implementation Unit RDA Road Development Authority REA Rapid Environmental Assessment RoW Right-of-Way RSMP Road Sector Master Plan SLT Sri Lanka Telecom SP Southern Province STD Sexually Transmitted Disease SRCP Southern Roads Connectivity Project

NOTE

In this report, "$" refers to US dollars.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the "terms of use" section of this website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... I I. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 A. Project background and justification 1 B. Objective of the Subproject 2 D. Extent, Scope of the Study and Personnel 2 E. Applicable Laws, Regulations, Standards and Requirements Covering the Proposed Subproject 4 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ...... 5 A. Type of Subproject 5 B. Category of Project 5 C. Need for the Project 5 D. Location of the Subproject 5 E. Magnitude of Operations 6 F. Sources and Quantities of Material Required 7 G. Proposed Schedule of Implementation 7 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 8 A. Existing land use pattern along the trace 8 B. Physical Resources 9 C. Ecological Resources 11 D. Economic Development 12 E. Social & Cultural Resources 12 IV. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 14 A. Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures at Preconstruction stage 14 B. Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Construction stage14 C. Screening of potential environmental impacts during operational stage 21 V. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS & ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN/ ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 23 A. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) 23 B. Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP) 23 C. Cost for EMP and EMoP of the Project 24 VI. PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ...... 25 A. Public consultation process 25 B. Disclosure of information 25 C. Mechanisms of Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) 25 D. Composition of GRC 26 E. Summary of public consultation 26 VII. CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 28

List of Figures Figure 1.1 Four national highways selected for rehabilitation and development under SRCP Figure 1:2 General location map of Moratuwa-Piliyandala (B 295) Road in Colombo District of Western Province Figure 3.1 Existing land use pattern along the road section Figure 3.2 Mean Monthly Rainfall variations in Colombo District (2004-2009) Figure 4:1 Invasive species such as Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and Monochoria vaginalis are spread on the lake surface. Figure: 5:1 Responsibility hierarchy for EMP & EMoP implementation

List of Tables Table 2.1 Cross sectional requirements for rehabilitation work of B295 road Table 2.2 Culverts along the section to be improved and proposed treatment Table 3.1 SO2, NO2 and CO levels recorded at Colombo Table 3.2 National ambient air quality standards Table 3.3 National noise level standards Table 3.4 Measured noise levels along B295 Road Table 3.5 Detail of population at year 2011 Table 3.6 Cultural, religious and archaeological sites located along the trace Table 4.1 Noise levels of construction equipment Table 4.2 Detail of tree planting program Table 4.3 Improvement of deteriorated habitats along the road trace Table 5.1 Detail of environmental monitoring cost with related mitigation activities Table 6.1 A summary of public consultation details

List of Annexes Annex 1.1 Environmental Recommendation from CEA Annex 2.1 Rapid Environment Assessment (REA) Checklist Annex 2.2 Location map Annex 2.3 Typical Cross section of Moratuwa-Piliyandala (B 295) Road Annex 2.4 Present conditions of existing culverts Annex 3.1 Topographical & Hydrographical Map Annex 3.2 Terrestrial and Aquatic Floral and Faunal species – B295 Road Annex 5.1 Environment Management Plan Annex 5.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan Annex 6.1 Summary of Public Consultation

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introduction

1. This document summarizes the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report prepared for rehabilitation and upgrading of Moratuwa – Piliyandala (B295) road from Kospalana Junction (2+620 km) to Piliyandala (5+120 km) which extends over a distance of 2.5 km. The project area is located within Kesbewa Divisional Secretariat Division of Colombo District of Southern Province.

2. The Government has requested the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to finance Southern Roads Connectivity Project (SRCP) to improve the overall contribution of road infrastructure and institutional arrangements. The Road Development Authority (RDA) of Ministry of Ports and Highways (MOPH) is the institute that is responsible for developing and maintaining Class A and B roads of the country. Through SRCP the ADB is to assist the RDA to improve the overall contribution of road infrastructure for the development of the country and strengthen RDAs’ institutional arrangements to efficiently manage the road infrastructure.

3. The SRCP intends to improve four roads of class “B” (figure 1.1) under the additional financial loan No.2 of ADB under which rehabilitation and upgrading of Moratuwa – Piliyandala (B295) road from Kospalana Junction (2+620 km) to Piliyandala (5+120 km) will be carried out as one of the subprojects.

4. B295 Road connects two trunk roads; Colombo – Galle – Hambantota – Wellawaya (A002) Road at Moratuwa and Pamankada – Horana (B084) Road at Piliyandala. Moratuwa and Piliyandala are important towns located within Colombo district in terms of both commercial and administrative activities therefore a considerable traffic flow could be observed daily along B295 Road. Though 0+000 to 2+620km section of B295 road has already been improved and upgraded, the rest of the road section from 2+620 to 5+120km is in narrow and dilapidated condition which lowers the transportation efficiency along B295 Road. Therefore improvement and upgrading 2+620 to 5+120km section has been identified as a priority road improvement project by the government.

5. The overall objective of this subproject is to improve the transport efficiency of the Moratuwa - Piliyandala (B295) road and to improve the connectivity between Piliyandala and Moratuwa, which includes upgrading the existing road in to a standard two lane configuration including foot paths, cycle lanes, earth shoulders, parking and bus bays at necessary locations. The subproject will improve the road side drainage and road furniture as well.

6. A feasibility study has been conducted for the road section from Kospalana Junction (2+620 km) to Piliyandala (5+120 km) of B295 Road by Egis Bceom International in 2009. The IEE study included field reconnaissance of the 2.5 km section of road which was conducted during the months of September to December 2012 by the team of expertise led by PIU.

Description of the subproject

7. This is a rehabilitating and upgrading subproject of existing B295 road from Kospalana Junction to Piliyandala to two lane facility which will be executed by Southern Roads Connectivity Project (SRCP) with financial assistance from ADB.

8. According to the ADB guidelines and the Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist the subproject could be categorized as “Category B” which requires an Initial Environment Examination (IEE). The potential adverse impacts on human population or environmentally important areas are less adverse and could be mitigated through

ii implementing an environmental management plan and monitoring plan. Most of the impacts rendered are site specific and are typical to such road rehabilitation projects.

9. The subproject area is located in Western Province and entire project area belongs to Kesbewa Divisional Secretariat (DS) Division of Colombo District.

10. Under this subproject, Kospalana Junction (2+620 km) to Piliyandala (5+120 km) of B295 will be improved and upgraded to standard two lane facility under SRCP funded ADB. The proposed works will include; widening the existing 6.5~7.5 m carriageway to a standard two lane status including 3.5m carriageways, two sealed cycle lanes, bus bays, while providing 2.4 m parking lanes for 0.5km section along Piliyandala Town.

11. Approximately 2 m wide land strip will be required on either side of the existing road where the existing ROW is not adequate to meet the proposed ROW. Any building or trees within the acquired lands will be removed in order to clear the land for development work.

12. There are four culverts within this road section to be rehabilitated. These culverts are found across storm water drainage canals.

13. Construction of embankment will be required only in sections where the vertical profile of the existing road is not sufficient and at locations where the road will be widened on embankments (2+700 to 2+900 and 3+000 to 3+500km, 4+300 to 4+700km).

14. Around 10 buildings including, 02 temporary buildings of informal sector activist, and frontages of 05 - commercial s tructures and 03 residences are to be acquired and demolished. Acquisition of land is almost completed during the period from year 2009 to 2012.

15. Construction material such as sand, soil and metal could be obtained from approved sand mining sites, quarry sites and burrow pits at the close proximity Moratuwaa and Piliyandala. However, as there is a shortage of sustainable sources of sand it is suggested to use alternatives such as refined crusher plant aggregates (dust) or re-use of pavement material to the extent possible. Approximate requirement of material are as follows; 2,387m3 of soil will be required for filling; 6,129m3 of dense graded aggregates base will be used for compaction. 456T of Asphalt Binding Course (ABC) and same amount of Asphalt Concrete (AC) will be required for Asphalt concrete surfacing.

Existing Environment

16. Existing pavement is relatively in good condition with varying carriageway between 6.5~7.5 m. The road traverses on a flat terrain with fairly straight horizontal alignment. But road edge failure is prominent at many sections such as around 3+000, 3+500 and 4+500km due to poor maintenance and absence of side drainage facilities. This has reduced the carriageway to about 4 m in such sections leading to traffic congestions.

17. Considering about the land use pattern of the area, the entire length of road traverse through the highly populated and commercialized area which could be categorized as semi- urban to urban land use pattern.

18. The Bolgoda Lake wetland could be identified as the main ecologically important area within the project area which harbors fish, birds and the other aquatic and terrestrial faunal species of the area.

19. This road section falls entirely within WL4 Agro-ecological zone which are characterized by rainfall of 60% expectancy value more than 1525mm per year. The main rainfall seasons are the First Inter Monsoon (March & April), South West Monsoon (May-

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September) and Second Inter Monsoon (September - November). The average annual temperature is greater than 25C0 (Source Arjuna’s Atlas of Sri Lanka) while 75% expectancy of dryness of particular months are February and March for the area.

20. Air quality monitoring has been carried out in Colombo town area. There are possible sources of atmospheric pollution in the area. The industries such as manufacture of furniture and ion works contribute the industrial air pollution in the area. As domestic sources of air pollution will include emissions from wood and kerosene burning stoves (but it is less because most of people use LPG and electrical wear for domestic appliance). The major source of atmospheric pollution in the area will be from road traffic in the form of diesel and petrol engine vehicle fumes and dust.

21. According to the National Environmental Noise Control Regulations 1996 (924/12) Schedule I the area could be categorized as a “Medium Noise Area” because the entire project area belongs to Kesbewa Municipal Council.

22. There were no any perennial streams crossed by the entire road section except the Kospalana bridge (2+620km) which is located across Bolgoda Lake. Generally the storm water and domestic wastewater drainage canals are crossed at the existing culverts of the road trace. Ultimate drainage point of drainage paths of the subproject influence area is Bolgoda Lake that is situated close to the project area. Shallow groundwater table could be observed in the subproject area as it is located in close proximity of the Bolgoda Lake.

23. As the project area is located within the wet zone of the country, species diversity is generally high. However, natural habitats found within the project area have been mostly disturbed at many locations and remaining natural habitats (such as Bolgoda Lake) are currently filled for development activities.

24. The terrestrial habitats observed on either side of the road and surrounding area are predominantly man-made. Highly environmentally sensitive terrestrial and aquatic habitats are not located close to this road section except the Bolgoda Lake. Most of the recorded flora and fauna inhabit in the Bolgoda Lake and its surrounds. It is the main ecological important area which is situated vicinity of the project area.

25. Among the recorded flora species there are no any rare, threatened or endemic species recorded and all the species are common in the wet zone area. Evan though the recorded mangrove species such as Bruguiera sexangula is an important species because it reduce the soil erosion of the banks of Lake and providing good habitat for fish. Considering about the fauna, the endemic reptile common in the wet zone, the Water snake (Xenochrophis asperrimus) was recorded during the study. But it is not included to the nationally threaten category (IUCN-2009).

26. As a major industries manufacture of furniture, ion works and mechanical workshops are common along the road. Many shops along the trace are retail shops while larger shopping complexes are situated close to the Suwarapola junction (3+700 to 3+800km) and Piliyandala town (5+900 to 5+120km). Variable retails shops including pharmaceutical, jewelry, textiles and other accessories, hotel and restaurants could be observed. Among them the branches of many leading banks also situated along the Piliyandala end. As highly urbanized and populated area, agricultural activities are restricted, but few ornamental flower selling plots are situated along the trace. In addition fishing is also common livelihood for few family members who living close to the Suwarapola. Many vegetable and fruits stalls are also available along the crowded area as well as road junction areas.

27. Electricity power supply lines are visible along the road and junctions; therefore, communities living in the subproject influence area have access to electricity. Telecommunication facilities are also available through fixed line systems such as Sri Lanka

Telecom and wireless system networks. Pipe borne water is available to the subproject influence area. 28. As per the 2011 census information there are 2,323,826 people living in Colombo District while 209,619 people living in Kesbewa Divisional Secretariat Division (DSD). The employment pattern of the subproject area is 67.7 % in service sector, 28.6% in industrial sector, and 3.6% in agricultural sector while the unemployment rate of the district is 3.3%.

29. Majority of the communities living in the area are Sinhalese while they are contributing 76.6% of total population, 11% of Sri Lankan Tamils and other remaining are belong to other ethnic groups such as Moor, Malay and Burgher. According to the religious wise 70% of the people are Buddhists while the remaining are Hindus, Christians and Muslims.

Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Environmental impacts associated with preconstruction stage

30. Following are the major project induced impacts have been identified during the study;

• Land acquisition and removal of structures in the acquired lands for road widening • Acquisition of private land is required in order to widen the road at sections where the existing road is narrow and the existing ROW is not adequate to do any road widening operations. Therefore frontages of buildings within acquired lands are dismantled. Acquisition of land to a minimum requirement, paying adequate compensation and assisting the Affected Persons to restore their livelihoods based on the Resettlement Plan prepared for this subproject will negate the impacts of land acquisition and resettlement. All public properties should be restored in consultation with the community of the area. • Deterioration of surface water quality due to silt runoff, emissions and spoil from worker camps • Effective implementation of mitigation measures specified in Environmental Management Plan (EMP) will minimize deterioration of water quality of nearby water bodies such as Bolgoda Lake due to silt runoff, emissions and spoil from construction vehicles and labor camps.

31. In addition to above major impacts, the study identified following impacts as well, which are mitigable by using a comprehensive mitigation measures.

• Alteration of surface water hydrology of water ways • Increase of local air pollution, noise and vibration • Extraction and transportation of construction material • Impacts to other infrastructure facilities (electricity, water supply and telecommunication) • Compaction of soil • Impacts due to migrant labour, poor sanitation at worker camps, work sites and disposal of spoil • Ecological impacts • Disruption to traffic • Site safety

32. Apart from implementation of mitigation measures to minimize impacts as specified above and in Environmental Management Plan, project aims to carry out following activities to enhance environmental conservation and improvement in the project area.

• Tree planting activity

° Project intends to plant more trees along the road to support compensatory tree planting program

• Rehabilitation of water ponds, streams and other environmentally important areas

° There will be campaigns to rehabilitate existing degraded marshy lands which will be carried out as a voluntary activity of the contractor.

• Awareness of public

° Awareness programs will be conducted to increase the awareness among public on environmental conservation.

Environmental Management Plan and Environmental Monitoring Plan

33. An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) was developed based on the best practices on environmental management during preconstruction, construction and operational stages of the subproject. Monitoring environmental parameters to monitor implementation of mitigation measures suggested for the potentially significant impacts mentioned in the previous section will be based on the Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP). The data collected during preconstruction stage (on different environmental parameters) will provide baseline information on the existing conditions which could be used to compare the changes in quality levels during construction and operational phases. Such a comparison will reflect how effective the EMP is and help to revise it to rectify any shortcomings that will cause any adverse impacts.

Conclusions and Recommendations

34. This IEER has discussed various aspects of the proposed rehabilitation and development of section from Kospalana Junction (2+620km) to Piliyandala (5+120km) of Moratuwa - Piliyandala (B295) road to standard two lanes status under the Southern Roads Connectivity Project. The IEE concludes that the subproject will not cause significant environmental problems during preconstruction, construction and operational stages of the subproject and the potential adverse impacts are manageable through the implementation of the proposed mitigation measures monitored through a comprehensive environment monitoring plan.

35. Impacts due to land acquisition and deterioration of water quality especially of Bolgoda lake are the major impacts identified during the study. Proper compensation to affected parties, implementation of mitigation measures given in EMP will minimize these impacts. And also except Bolgoda Lake, there is no any environmentally sensitive entity found within the project area.

36. The subproject will reduce the travel time and operational cost of vehicles using this road section. An efficient connectivity between Moratuwa and Piliyandala through B295 road will be established through the proposed development project which will increase the transportation efficiency of the area.

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Project background and justification

1. This report is the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report for rehabilitation and upgrading of Moratuwa – Piliyandala (B295) road from Kospalana Junction (2+620 km) to Piliyandala (5+120 km) which extends over a distance of 2.5 km. The project area is located within Kesbewa Divisional Secretariat Division of Colombo District of Southern Province. This report presents the findings and conclusions of the environmental assessment for the proposed improvements of the above mentioned project.

2. It is important to maintain an efficient transport system in order to sustain a higher economic growth rate in the country and the development of rural areas. Sri Lanka has a higher road density compared to many other countries (1.6 km of road/ km2 or 5.5 km of road per 1000 people)1. However with the existing National Highways, about 64% are of single lane, 34% are of standard two lane condition and only about 2% are four lane or more. More importantly road network standards and conditions are inadequate to meet rapidly growing traffic. This situation limits the contribution of road transport to national development and economic growth. Therefore the Government of Socialist Democratic Republic of Sri Lanka (The Government) has identified the importance of developing and upgrading the National Highway (NH) network. The overall contribution of road infrastructure for national development also requires institutional arrangements and capacity that support strategic management of the sector, planning and management of investments. Overall the proposed subproject has been designed to address both investment and institutional aspects in the sector.

3. The Government of Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (the Government) has requested the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to finance the Road Development Authority (RDA) of Ministry of Ports and Highways (MOPH) which is the institute that is responsible for developing and maintaining Class A and B roads of the country to improve the overall contribution of road infrastructure and institutional arrangements. Accordingly ADB is to assist the RDA to improve the overall contribution of road infrastructure for the development of the country and strengthen RDAs’ institutional arrangements to efficiently manage the road infrastructure through Southern Roads Connectivity Project (SRCP).

4. The SRCP intends to improve four roads of class “B” and a single road of class “A” road as shown in figure 1.1 under financial assistance of Asian Development Bank (ADB). ADB will be funding the civil works component of this subproject, once the required Right Of Way (ROW) is acquired. Rehabilitation and upgrading of 2.5km section from Kospalana Junction (2+620 km) to Piliyandala (5+120 km) of Moratuwa – Piliyandala (B295) road is one of the subproject which comes under SRCP.

5. B295 Road connects two trunk roads; Colombo – Galle – Hambantota – Wellawaya (A002) Road at Moratuwa and Pamankada – Horana (B084) Road at Piliyandala. Moratuwa and Piliyandala are important towns located within Colombo district in terms of both commercial and administrative activities therefore a considerable traffic flow could be observed daily along B295 Road. Though 0+000 to 2+620km section of B295 road has already been improved and upgraded, the rest of the road section from 2+620 to 5+120km is in narrow and dilapidated condition which lowers the transportation efficiency along B295 Road. Therefore improvement and upgrading 2+620 to 5+120km section has been identified

1 Annual report, Central Bank of Sri Lanka (2007).

as a priority road improvement project by the government.

6. The detail engineering designs are completed for this road section, while the Central Environmental Authority (CEA) has categorized this subproject under the Non-prescribed project which does not require an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) or Initial Environmental Examination report (IEE) based on stipulations of National Environmental Act (NEA) and amendment act No. 56 of 1988. The environmental recommendation issued by Western Provincial Office of Central Environment Authority (CEA) which is granted for non – prescribed projects is attached in Annex 1.1. This IEE report has also been prepared based on ADB guidelines specified in ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009).

B. Objective of the Subproject

7. The main objective of the Southern Roads Connectivity Project is to encourage economic growth and improve transport efficiency by strengthening RDA institutional capacity, upgrading and increasing capacity of key national highways, and improvement of the connectivity between the link roads of the highways. Improvement of the capacity and efficiency of the road sector leads to improved transport efficiency that will contribute to expansion of economic opportunities of the country as well as uplift of the livelihood of the beneficiaries.

8. The overall objective of this subproject is to improve the transport efficiency of the Moratuwa - Piliyandala (B295) road and to improve the connectivity between Piliyandala and Moratuwa, which includes upgrading the existing road in to a standard two lane configuration including foot paths, cycle lanes, earth shoulders, parking and bus bays at necessary locations. The subproject will improve the road side drainage and road furniture as well.

C. Objectives of this IEE Report

9. The purpose of this IEE report is to provide: (i) information about the existing physical, biological and social environmental settings of the subproject influential area, (ii) information on potential subproject induced impacts during preconstruction, construction and operational stages of the subproject, (iii) information on effective mitigation measures to minimize the subproject induced adverse impacts while enhancing the beneficial impacts, and (iv) an effective environmental management and monitoring plan.

D. Extent, Scope of the Study and Personnel

10. A feasibility study has been conducted for the road section from Kospalana Junction (2+620 km) to Piliyandala (5+120 km) of B295 Road by Egis Bceom International in 2009. The IEE study included field reconnaissance of the 2.5 km section of road which was conducted during the months of September to December 2012 by the team of expertise led by Project Implementation Unit (PIU).

11. The study Area included the road corridor and the area on either side of the road to be used for improvement works up to 50m from the centre line of the road for the existing trace with the following exceptions; (i) for hydrology and drainage the study area is extended to the sub-catchment boundaries of the streams and other drainage paths crossing the road and to the downstream of the stream as far as the effects on the stream exerted by the hydraulic structures such as bridges and culverts and the restrictions created by the road embankments in some segments; (ii) for air, water quality, noise and vibration the study area extend beyond 100 m corridor depending on the intensity of the impacts; (iii) for biology, especially for fauna (including avifauna) which is a mobile entity the study area extend beyond 50 m depending on the habitat locations and

fauna migratory pattern which could be influenced by the road rehabilitation activities; (iv) any socially sensitive entity such as school, temple, hospital beyond the 100 m corridor was considered based on the significance of the impact.

Kirulapana_godagama (A004) Road

Kesbewa – Pokunuwita section of Colombo – Horana (B084) Road Rathmalana – Mirihana (B389) Road

Moratuwa – Piliyandala (B295) Road

Madurugoda to Southern Expressway (B157) Road

Figure: 1.1: Five National Highways selected for rehabilitation and development under SRCP

E. Applicable Laws, Regulations, Standards and Requirements Covering the Proposed Subproject

12. Other than the NEA No 47 of 1980, and its’ amendment Act No. 56 of 1988 and further amendments that stipulated on emissions, noise and vibration levels, the following enactments will also have a bearing on this road development subproject:

• Urban Development Authority (UDA) law, No. 41 of 1978 • Fauna and Flora Protection Act No. 38 of 1949 • Crown Land Ordinance (chapter 454) • Land Acquisition Act No. 9 of 1950 • State Lands (Recovery of Possession) Act No. 7 of 1979 • Water Resources Board Act No. 29 of 1964 • Control of Pesticides Controlling Act No. 33 of 1980 • Regulations of Local Authorities • Sri Lanka Land Reclamation and Development Corporation (SLLRDC) Act No. 15 of 1968

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

A. Type of Subproject

13. This is a rehabilitating and upgrading subproject of existing B295 road from Kospalana Junction to Piliyandala to two lane facility which will be executed by Southern Roads Connectivity Project (SRCP) under the financial assistance from ADB.

B. Category of Project

14. According to the ADB guidelines and the Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist (Annex 2.1) the subproject could be categorized as “Category B” which requires an Initial Environment Examination (IEE). The potential adverse impacts on human population or environmentally important areas are less adverse and could be mitigated through implementing an environmental management plan and monitoring plan. Most of the impacts rendered are site specific and are typical to such road rehabilitation projects.

C. Need for the Project

15. Moratuwa – Piliyandala (B295) road is one of the major trunk roads located within Colombo District which connects Colombo – Galle – Hambanthota – Wellawaya (A002) Road and Pamankada – Horana (B084) Road at important cities; Moratuwa and Piliyandala respectively which are commercially, administratively and educationally popular. Moratuwa is a well known location for manufacturing of furniture and transportation of raw material as well as furniture is a common seen around Moratuwa. In addition location of University of Moratuwa along the B295 road and Moratuwa Technical Institute provide educational importance to the area.

16. Due to these important destinations together with private and government offices located along A002 Road, there is a considerable traffic flow could be observed along the B295 road throughout the day and traffic flow gets amplified during office and schooling hours. Measured Average Daily Traffic (ADT) value along Kospalana Junction to Piliyandala section is 4,375 which includes a mix of traffic ranging from large and small passenger vehicles, to heavily vehicles (trucks) as well as significant volumes of motorcycles and bicycles.

17. Road section from Moratuwa (0+000km) to Kospalana Junction (2+620km) of B295 Road has already been improved to standard two lane facility while the section beyond the Kospalana Junction is narrow and in dilapidated conditions. Therefore road section from Kospalana Junction to Piliyandala acts as a bottle neck which disturbs a smooth traffic flow. Traffic congestions are commonly observed along this section especially during peak hours increasing time and fuel wastage of road users resulting lower transportation efficiency.

18. Therefore improvement of the road section from Kospalana Junction to Piliyandala has been identified as a prioritized project so that it has been included under the SRCP to be rehabilitated urgently.

D. Location of the Subproject

19. The subproject area is located in Western Province and entire project area belongs to Kesbewa Divisional Secretariat (DS) Division of Colombo District. The general location of the subproject is shown in figure 1.2. A detailed location map is presented in annex 2.2.

Figure 1.2: General location of Kospalana Junction to Piliyandala section of B 295 Road

E. Magnitude of Operations

20. Kospalana Junction (2+620 km) to Piliyandala (5+120 km) of B295 will be improved and upgraded to standard two lane facility under SRCP which is funded by ADB. Table 2.1 presents the proposed cross section for the road section.

Table 2.1: Cross sectional requirements for rehabilitation work of B295 road

Section

Length of Sectio n Lanes Lane width Pedest rians Parkin g lane Cycle Lanes Bus bays Sealed should Unseal ers ed should ers Sealed Width Existin g ROW Required ROW Kospalana Junction 2.0Km 2 3.5 Y - Y Y 1.5 1.5 11.0 14.2 18.0 to Piliyandala Piliyandala town 0.5km 2 3.5 Y 2.4 Y Y 2 - 11.0 15.5 18.0 Note: All dimensions are in meters; Y: Yes; N: No

21. Approximately 2 m wide land strip was required on either side of the existing road where the existing ROW is not adequate to meet the proposed ROW. Any building or trees within the acquired lands were removed in order to clear the land for development work. Around 10 buildings including, 02 temporary buildings of informal sector activist, and frontages of 05 - commercial s tructures and 03 residences were acquired and demolished. Acquisition of land is almost completed during the period from year 2009 to 2012.

22. As mentioned in the table 2.1, the proposed works will include; widening the existing 6.5~7.5 m carriageway to a standard two lane status including 3.5m carriageways, two sealed cycle lanes, bus bays, while providing 2.4 m parking lanes for 0.5km section along Piliyandala Town. Annex 2.3 presents proposed cross section to be adopted.

23. There are four culverts within this road section to be rehabilitated. These culverts are found across storm water drainage canals. Table 2.2 presents the culverts to be rehabilitated along the section and the proposed improvement while Annex 2.4 shows the present condition of the existing culverts.

Table 2.2: Culverts along the section to be improved and proposed treatment Culvert Existing Approximate Present Proposed Location No. Width (m) clear span (m) Condition Improvement 4/1 3+200 km 9.1 1.5 Capacity Replace insufficient 1.5mx1.0m 4/2 3+300 km 9.1 1.5 Capacity Replace insufficient 1.5mx1.0m 4/3 3+400 km 9.3 1.5 Capacity Replace insufficient 1.5mx1.0m 6/1 5+000 km 11.2 1.5 Capacity Replace insufficient 1.5mx1.0m

24. Construction of embankment will be required only in sections where the vertical profile of the existing road is not sufficient and at locations where the road will be widened on embankments (2+700 to 2+900 and 3+000 to 3+500km, 4+300 to 4+700km).

F. Sources and Quantities of Material Required

25. Construction material such as sand, soil and metal could be obtained from approved sand mining sites, quarry sites and burrow pits at the close proximity Moratuwaa and Piliyandala. However, as there is a shortage of sustainable sources of sand it is suggested to use alternatives such as refined crusher plant aggregates (dust) or re-use of pavement material to the extent possible. Approximate requirement of material are as follows; 2,387m3 of soil will be required for filling; 6,129m3 of dense graded aggregates base will be used for compaction. 456T of Asphalt Binding Course (ABC) and same amount of Asphalt Concrete (AC) will be required for Asphalt concrete surfacing.

G. Proposed Schedule of Implementation

26. Detailed designs are available at PIU, and according to the PIU the tentative schedule of project implementation is as follows. Land acquisition and resettlement have already been completed for the entire stretch by third quarter of 2012. However, civil constructions are expected to be commenced from 2013 for a period of about one and a half years. Through SRCP, ADB will be funding for civil works, while the Government of Sri Lanka bared the expenditure of land acquisition and resettlement of affected persons.

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

A. Existing land use pattern along the trace

27. Existing pavement is relatively in good condition with varying carriageway between 6.5~7.5 m. The road traverses on a flat terrain with fairly straight horizontal alignment. But road edge failure is prominent at many sections such as around 3+000, 3+500 and 4+500km due to poor maintenance and absence of side drainage facilities. This has reduced the carriageway to about 4 m in such sections leading to traffic congestions.

28. Considering about the land use pattern of the area, the entire length of road traverse through the highly populated and commercialized area which could be categorized as semi-urban to urban land use pattern. Two storey buildings and few multi story buildings are commonly observed in road side which are used for business activities and most of them are located near the Piliyandala town (last 0.5km section) with about 1~2 m set back from the existing road edge. Existing electricity power transmission lines and telecommunication poles are located at the edge of the road along the road.

29. The road side vegetation cover of the area is still remaining at some of the road side areas especially in the home gardens such as from 3+000 to 3+500 and 4+500 to 4+700km. A natural wetland could be observed around Kospalana Junction which is known as Bolgoda Lake which consists of natural wetland vegetation. The natural vegetation has been strongly influenced by human activities but few mangroves and associated species remain along the undisturbed area especially around Kospalana Junction.

30. Trees along the road are generally found in home gardens and not immediately adjacent to the road. Cluster of trees observed in home gardens provide habitats for fauna and flora.

Road side vegetation An existing culvert

Road side vendors Water stagnation due to poor drainage

Road section within Piliyandala Town Figure 3.1: Existing land use pattern along the road section

31. The Bolgoda Lake wetland could be identified as the main ecologically important area around the Kospalana Junction and within first 500m on Right Hand Side of the trace which harbors fish, birds and the other aquatic and terrestrial faunal species of the area.

B. Physical Resources

a. Climate, hydrology, air and noise

32. This road section falls entirely within WL4 Agro-ecological zone which are characterized by rainfall of 60% expectancy value more than 1525mm per year. The main rainfall seasons are the First Inter Monsoon (March & April), South West Monsoon (May- September) and Second Inter Monsoon (September - November). High rainfall peaks are common in the months of May/June and October/November during the South West Monsoon and Second Inter Monsoon. Figure 3.2 presents the monthly average rainfall variation for the period from 2004 to 2009 in Colombo which is the closest rainfall station to the road trace. The average annual temperature is greater than 25C0 (Source Arjuna’s Atlas of Sri Lanka) while 75% expectancy of dryness of particular months are February and March for the area. Rainfall (mm)

Months Source: Statistic.gov.lk Figure 3.2: Mean Monthly Rainfall variations in Colombo District (2004-2009)

33. Air quality monitoring has been carried out in Colombo town area. There are possible sources of atmospheric pollution in the area. The industries such as manufacture of furniture and ion works contribute the industrial air pollution in the area. As domestic sources of air pollution will include emissions from wood and kerosene burning stoves (but it is less because most of people use LPG and electrical wear for domestic appliance). The major source of atmospheric pollution in the area will be from road traffic in the form of diesel and petrol engine vehicle fumes and dust.

Table 3.1: SO2, NO2 and CO levels recorded at Colombo-1999

Station SO2 ppm NO2 ppm CO ppm Colombo 0.1 0.09 3 Source: Environmental Atlas of Sri Lanka

34. Table 3.1 presents levels of Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) recorded at Colombo which is town closest to the subproject area and an extract from the National Environmental (Ambient Air Quality) Regulations, declared in 1994 is presented in Table 3.2.

Table 3.2: National ambient air quality standards Parameter Averaging time (hrs) NAAQS (mg m-3) NAAQS (ppm) CO 8 10 9

NO2 24 0.10 0.05 8 0.15 0.08

SO2 24 0.08 0.03 Led 24 0.002 - TSP 24 0.03 - PM10 8 0.35 - Source: Gazette of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, 850/4 (20 December, 1994)

35. According to the National Environmental Noise Control Regulations 1996 (924/12) Schedule I the area could be categorized as a “Medium Noise Area” because the entire project area belongs to Kesbewa Municipal Council.

Table 3.3: National noise level standards

LaeqT (Equivalent continuous weighted Area Description sound pressure) Day Time Night Time Low Noise area Local Authority area 55 45 Medium Noise area Municipal councils and Urban council area 63 50 High Noise area Industrial estate area 70 60 Silent Zone 100 m from Court, hospital, public library, 50 45 school, zoo and sacred areas Source: National Environmental Noise Control Regulations 1996

36. Ambient noise levels along the B295 road were measured by Environmental and Social Development Division (ESDD) of RDA during the study, and measured noise levels at two locations along B295 Road are as below.

Table 3.4: Measured noise levels along B295 Road Date Time Location Leq (A) 16.05.2013 1.30pm Kospalana Bridge 75.4 16.05.2013 2.15pm Piliyandala 76.6

b. Geology, Topography and Soils

37. The general geology of the area could be classified as “Highland Complex (HC)’ with Charnockitic (Hypersthene) Gneiss; Chranockitic Biotite Gneiss, Migmatitic in parts. The topography of the entire trace is flat. The prominent soil type in the area is Red- Yellow Podzolic Soils (RYP Soils) with soft or hard laterite and Bog and Half-bog soils. Alluvial soils of variable drainage and texture is found in Bolgoda Lake area which is situated close to the road. (Panabokke C; Soils of Sri Lanka).

c. Surface Water, Ground Water and Drainage

38. There were no any perennial streams crossed by the entire road section except the Kospalana Bridge (2+620km) which is located across Bolgoda Lake. Generally the storm water and domestic wastewater drainage canals are crossed at the existing culverts of the road trace. Ultimate drainage point of drainage paths of the subproject influence area is Bolgoda Lake that is situated close to the project area. Shallow groundwater table could be observed in the subproject area as it is located in close proximity of the Bolgoda Lake. The hydrological map of the subproject area is given in Annex 3.1.

C. Ecological Resources

a. Existing Habitats with Respect to Flora and Fauna

39. As the project area is located within the wet zone of the country, species diversity is generally high. However, natural habitats found within the project area have been mostly disturbed at many locations and remaining natural habitats (such as Bolgoda Lake) are currently filled for development activities.

40. The terrestrial habitats observed on either side of the road and surrounding area are predominantly man-made. Highly environmentally sensitive terrestrial and aquatic habitats are not located close to this road section except the Bolgoda Lake. Bolgoda Lake has been declared as an environmental protection area under Section 24C and Section 24D of the National Environmental Act, No. 47 of 1980. Most of the recorded flora and fauna inhabit in the Bolgoda Lake and its surrounds. It is the main ecological important area which is situated vicinity of the project area.

41. A total of 67 floral species belonging to 34 families were recorded in the subproject area. According to recorded species there were 5 species belongs to the alien invasive category and among them Japan Jabara (Eichhornia crassipes) and Wel Aatha (Annona glabra) are spreading over the Bolgoda Lake. The recorded other species are native and introduced naturalized species while some are ornamental species (Ficus benjamina and Araucaria cookii) found along the road. There were no any ecologically important or threatened species among the recorded species.

42. Total of 65 faunal species were recorded in and around the proposed road section (mostly along the Bolgoda Lake area), which included 11 species of butterflies, 3 species of amphibians, 6 species of reptiles with 1 endemic species (Xenochrophis asperrimus), 33 species of birds, 4 species of fish and 8 species of mammals. The list of flora and fauna observed is presented in annex 3.2.

b. Rare, threatened and endemic flora and fauna

43. Among the recorded flora species there are no any rare, threatened or endemic species recorded and all the species are common in the wet zone area. Evan

though the recorded mangrove species such as Bruguiera sexangula is an important species because it reduce the soil erosion of the banks of Lake and providing good habitat for fish. Considering about the fauna, the endemic reptile common in the wet zone, the Water snake (Xenochrophis asperrimus) was recorded during the study. But it is not included to the nationally threaten category (IUCN-2009).

D. Economic Development

a. Agriculture and Industries

44. As a major industries manufacture of furniture, ion works and mechanical workshops are common along the road. Many shops along the trace are retail shops while larger shopping complexes are situated close to the Suwarapola junction (3+700 to 3+800km) and Piliyandala town (5+900 to 5+120km). Variable retails shops including pharmaceutical, jewelry, textiles and other accessories, hotel and restaurants could be observed. Among them the branches of many leading banks also situated along the Piliyandala end. As highly urbanized and populated area, agricultural activities are restricted, but few ornamental flower selling plots are situated along the trace. In addition fishing is also common livelihood for few family members who living close to the Suwarapola. Many vegetable and fruits stalls are also available along the crowded area as well as road junction areas.

b. Infrastructure Facilities such as Electricity, Pipe water and Telecommunication

45. Electricity power supply lines are visible along the road and junctions; therefore, communities living in the subproject influence area have access to electricity. Telecommunication facilities are also available through fixed line systems such as Sri Lanka Telecom and wireless system networks. Pipe borne water is available to the subproject influence area.

c. Transport Facilities

46. Both public and private transport facilities in the form of busses, three wheelers, and vans are available to the people along the subproject road. Moratuwa- Piliyandala road is connecting the A002 and B084 roads at Moratuwa and Piliyandala towns respectively, therefore accessibility to Colombo is possible from both ends. Piliyandala town. It is surrounded by Kesbewa, Maharagama, Pannipitiya, Bandaragama, and Kahathuduwa, which are popular residential suburbs located nearby. Southern Expressway (EX01) is also connecting through B084 at Kahathuduwa Interchange via Kesbewa.

E. Social & Cultural Resources

47. As per the 2011 census information there are 2,323,826 people living in Colombo District while 209,619 people living in Kesbewa Divisional Secretariat Division (DSD). The employment pattern of the subproject area is 67.7 % in service sector, 28.6% in industrial sector, and 3.6% in agricultural sector while the unemployment rate of the district is 3.3%. Table 3.5: Detail of population at year 2011 Name of the District/DSD Area(km2) Total population Density(inhab./km2)) Colombo District 699 2,323,826 3,304.4 Kebewa DS 64 209,619 3,813.5 Source: Census statistic 2011-Stistic.gov.lk

48. Majority of the communities living in the area are Sinhalese while they are contributing 76.6% of total population, 11% of Sri Lankan Tamils and other remaining are belong to other ethnic groups such as Moor, Malay and Burgher. According to the religious wise 70% of the people are Buddhists while the remaining are Hindus, Christians and Muslims.

a. Education and Health Facilities

49. Island wide the literacy rate is 92.2% while Colombo district literacy rate is 96.4% which is a higher value (Census statistic: 2011). Colombo is the center of most popular and leading schools and other educational institutes as well as tuition institutes. Children in the subproject influence area have access to enter the leading schools in Colombo as well as suburbs nearby. The leading universities such as Moratuwa, Sri Jayewardenepura and Colombo are situated close to the project influence area while Moratuwa University is situated vicinity of the project area.

50. The area in generally has access to good health facilities The main hospital of the country such as Cancer Hospital, Maharagama, and Aurvedic Hospital, Nawinna are situated in suburbs nearby, while Colombo General Hospital, Kalubowila General Hospital and several other national level hospitals are situated close to the project influence area with 45 minute driving distance. Additionally government hospitals, there are several number of maternity centers also situated the project influence area to reach health facility. And also the prominent private hospitals and their clinical outlets are located at close suburb areas.

b. Cultural, religious and archaeological places/ structures along the trace

51. There were no significant archaeological or historically important places observed along the trace. However several numbers of significant temples are situated along the road section.

Table 3.6: Cultural, religious and archaeological sites located along the trace Location (km) RHS/ LHS Name 2+800 RHS Siri Vijayaramaya Temple, Suwarapola 3+500 RHS Sacred Bo Tree and Temple-Suwarapola 4+700 RHS Jayabodhi Viharaya-Piliyandala Source: Site observations

IV. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES

52. Significant impacts on the environment during preconstruction, construction and operational stages of the subproject were identified using the Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist for highways of RDA (a modified checklist using the ADB REA checklist on highway development subprojects). Feasible mitigation measures were suggested based on environment best practices to minimize the adverse impacts (or manage to acceptable limits) while enhancing the beneficial impacts of the subproject.

A. Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures at Preconstruction stage

a. Land acquisition and removal of structures in the acquired lands for road widening

53. Acquisition of sections of private and public land was required in order to widen the road at sections where the existing road is narrow and at locations where the existing ROW was not adequate to do any road widening operations. Demolition of any structures built in such land in the form of houses, shops or other business premises could affect the living conditions and livelihoods of the owners of such properties. Around 10 such buildings including, 02 temporary buildings of informal sector activist, and frontages of 05 - commercial s tructures and 03 residences were acquired and demolished.

54. Following mitigation measures could be used to minimize the impacts due to land acquisition; ° Acquisition of private land to the minimum requirement ° Adequate compensation was paid to those who lost property and such compensation was based on the guidelines given in the “Entitlement matrix” of the Resettlement Plan (RP) prepared for this subproject. ° All possible livelihood restoration measures should be considered (as stated in the RP) to support persons whose livelihood activities are affected due to the subproject. ° B. Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Construction stage

b. Alteration of surface water hydrology of water ways

55. During reconstruction of the culverts/bridges along the trace, it will be required to alter the water flow from construction area. Following measures are proposed in order to avoid the impacts on existing surface water hydrology.

56. Contractor shall not close or block existing canals and streams permanently. If diversion or closure or blocking of canals and streams is required for the execution of work, contractor must first obtain the Engineers/Supervision Consultants (SC) approval in writing. Contractor shall carry out an investigation and report to the Engineer, if an investigation is requested by the Engineer. Contractor shall also obtain the approval from the relevant agency such as Department of Irrigation (DI)/Agrarian Services Department (ASD)/Divisional Secretary (DS) prior to such action is taken. Contractors shall restore the drainage path back to its original status once the need for such diversion or closure or blockage is no longer required. The debris and spoil shall be disposed in such a manner that waterways and drainage paths are not blocked. Avoid/ minimize construction works near/ at such drainage locations during heavy rain seasons such as from May/June and October/November. In addition, contractor should ensure;

• Construction of the side drains should be carried out first so that the water collected on the road surface in the construction area could be led to the nearest waterway through the side drains. • The upstream and lead-away channels of the bridge and culvert structures should be cleaned before reconstruction of the structure in order to allow smooth flow and avoid drainage congestion.

c. Deterioration of surface water quality due to silt runoff, emissions and spoil from worker camps

57. In order widen the road felling of trees and clearing of roadside vegetation near the edge of the existing road, cutting trenches for roadside drains will be required. Such activities may develop temporary piles of soil along the road edge. Also soil brought for embankments will be temporarily place closed to the road edge.

58. All these activities could cause temporary erosion and siltation, if un- compacted earth surfaces or soil dumps are left exposed to rainfall, if they are placed near water bodies (especially near the section of road runs close to the Bolgoda Lake around 2+700km), and if the construction activities are carried out especially during the rainy season. Sediments could drift away and get silted up in the side drains in town areas, adjoining streams and irrigation canals causing deterioration of water quality.

59. Run off (such as oil, grease) and emissions from construction vehicles, equipment and material stores, spoil from worker camp sites will contain pollutant materials. Such materials have the potential to cause deterioration of surface water sources if they are released to adjacent water bodies.

60. Following measures should be adopted to mitigate deterioration of surface water quality due to silt runoff, emissions and spoils from construction and worker camps; • Reuse of soil from cut slopes for filling (as much as possible), • Where earthworks take place adjacent to water bodies (especially Bolgoda Lake), silt traps shall be installed prior to the commencement of earthwork activity, • All temporary soil dumps should be removed from site to a suitable disposal place, • If temporary soil dumps are left at the site for a long time those dumps should be covered with thick polythene sheets, • Temporary soil dumps should not be placed near water bodies such as Bolgoda Lake, paddy fields and other low lying areas, • All fills, back fills and slopes should be compacted immediately to reach the specified degree of compaction, • Suitable local drainage measures should be established to properly drain the water in the construction area to the nearby water way, • Establishment of suitable mulch to cover the slopes of fills • All materials (including toxic and hazardous material) required for construction shall be stored at secure and managed sites, sited away from water bodies, • Vehicles and equipment will be maintained in good operable condition, ensuring no undue leakage of oil or fuel,

• Vehicles and equipment will be serviced at properly managed and equipped workshops and waste oil will be collected and disposed at approved locations, • Sanitation arrangements will be made at worksites and any accommodation facilities provided for workers’ accommodation, ensuring that no raw sewage is released into drains or water bodies.

61. Special consideration should be paid around Kospalana Juction in implementing above mitigation measures to avoid adverse impacts to Bolgoda Lake.

c. Increase of local air pollution, noise and vibration

62. Earthworks, pavement improvement operations, quarry operations, operation of hot mix plant, operation of construction vehicles during construction period will release aerial contaminants (dust and fumes) increasing local air pollution.

63. Heavy machinery used for construction work will create noise and vibration which will cause nuisance to residents in settlements. Locations such as schools, temples are particularly vulnerable to nuisance from noise. Table 4.1 gives the identified noise levels of various construction equipment and machinery at a distance of 7 m from the source.

Table 4.1: Noise levels of construction equipment Equipment Noise level at 7 m in dB(A) Crow bar 115 Compressor 109 Truck, scraper or grader 94 Pneumatic drill 85 Excavator 112 Loader 112 Roller vibrator 108 Poke vibrator 113 Sound reduced jack hammers and 82 lock drills Source: Southern Expressway Supplementary Environmental Assessment- University of Moratuwa

64. The impact of construction noise, vibration and emissions at settlement areas can be mitigated by; ° Ensuring that construction plant and equipment is maintained to a high operable standards, and that exhaust baffles are fitted and maintained in a high serviceable condition, ° Limiting operations to times when they have least impact in settlement areas, especially noise sensitive areas such as temples (2+900 and 4+100km), shrines and schools, ° Regular sprinkling of water to dampen the construction surface will reduce the emission of dust.

d. Extraction and transportation of construction material

65. Good quality sand for construction has become a scarce resource. Also river embankment failures, lowering of river surface, stream water pollution are major impacts due to improper and illegal mining of sand. Use of alternatives such as screened crusher fines as much as possible and utilizing sand from approved sites by GSMB are measures to mitigate impacts due to sand mining.

66. If quarry sites are located near settlement areas quarry operations will cause dust, noise and vibration which will be a nuisance and lead to respiratory problems. There will also be accidental risks to the community. Soil will be required for filling the embankments. If borrow pits are left unfilled, they could collect water and breeding ground for disease spreading vectors such as mosquitoes. Such quarry sites and burrow pits will create negative visual impacts.

67. These impacts could be mitigated by utilizing quarry sites and burrow pits approved by GSMB and/ or local authorities (operating with Environmental Protection Licenses) and obtaining prior approval from GSMB and / or local authorities if new sites are to be commissioned. Blasted rock outcrops could also be crushed and used as sources of metal. Proper safety measures such as warnings, safety nets etc. should be adopted in case of blasting. Third party insurance cover should be taken to protect external parties that may be affected due to blasting and other construction related operations. Burrow pits could be filled with spoil and other removed from road surface if approved by the engineer. Dust emanation should be minimized by sprinkling water over the extraction sites. Tree planting should be carried out in order to restore the scenic beauty of such sites.

68. Heavy trucks will be used to transport material to construction sites. Such trucks can potentially cause disturbances to local traffic, damage minor roads, and increase dust and noise nuisance. Advising the contractor to select material extraction sites that have roads which have capacity to be used by heavy trucks and keeping provisions for repairing and restoration of such roads by the contractor in the contract document, use of covers over transported materials to guard against dust blow and water spraying to dampen the surface will mitigate the impacts due to transportation of construction material. Special attention should be paid around the University of Moratuwa when operating material transportation vehicles.

69. Above requirements should be incorporated in to the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) forming a part of the contract.

e. Impacts to other infrastructure facilities (electricity, water supply and telecommunication)

70. Shifting of existing utility supply lines such as water mains/ distribution lines, telecommunication & electricity lines will be required in order to widen the road (where necessary). Accidental damages could also occur to such supply lines during the construction work.

71. Proper co-ordination with the concerned authorities when shifting will help to reduce the impacts on these utility supply lines. Risks of accidental disruption can be reduced by ensuring that machinery such as excavators are operated by trained personnel and that operations are adequately supervised. Advance notice to the public about the times that the utility supplies will be disrupted will help the public to adjust to the situation before hand, there by minimize the difficulties that they will face in the case of sudden disruption of these services.

f. Compaction of soil

72. Heavy machinery traversing beyond the area of road to be controlled (going in to private lands and government lands other than ROW) and it will cause to compact the soil in such locations. This could affect the land use pattern and the scenic beauty of such land.

73. Confining the movement and stationing of vehicles within the proposed ROW, clearly marking boundaries of the working area and parking vehicles on private land where proper leases have been negotiated or state land where appropriate clearance have been obtained will mitigate the impacts of compaction of soil beyond the area of construction. And if any land is compacted due to road construction activities, contractor shall be responsible for restoration of such land to its original status or as required by the particular land owner.

g. Impacts due to migrant labour, poor sanitation at worker camps, work sites and disposal of spoil

74. If migrant labour is brought for construction with different cultural norms there may be cultural conflicts among the workers and settlers near worker camps. Spreading of communal diseases is also possible due to migrant labour.

75. All possibilities should be considered to secure labour from areas close to construction sites; there by the necessity of setting up labour camps could be avoided. If labour is to be brought from outside locations, strict labour supervision and labour counseling is required to avoid any conflicts arising due to migrant labour. Awareness programs should be conducted at worker camps on sanitation and diseases to avoid any worker camp waste being disposed at settlement areas and to avoid any disease spread.

76. If temporary worker camps have to be constructed and if poor sanitation conditions and solid waste disposal from such worker camps and construction sites are practiced, raw waste will contaminate nearby water bodies, lead to spread of diseases in worker camps and affect the visual beauty of the area.

77. Briefing the site workers on sanitation, providing proper sanitary facilities at worker camps, recycling and dumping solid waste matter in sites approved by local authorities will be mitigation measures need to be incorporated in to the constructor’s contract and environmental management plan to minimize the negative impacts.

h. Ecological impacts

78. Removal of any roadside tree should be justified based on the detailed engineering designs and written approval should be obtained from Department of Forest. Trees that are to be felled should be clearly marked on ground under the supervision of DoF. The Bo tree (Ficus religiosa) located at around km 3+500 (Suwarapola Bodhiya) should not be felled because it is an ancient and sacred tree. A compensatory tree planting program should be developed in consultation with DoF, local authorities and communities. At least 5 good specimens of same tree species (having >4 cm DBH) shall be planted for each tree removed. Compensatory tree planting shall be attended for about two years to promote survival of the replanted specimens. Replanting should be as near as possible to the removal location.

i. Tree planting activity

79. According to the estimated quantities, 5 numbers of trees have been selected to be removed. Most of trees to be removed are basically home garden species which are planted along the fences, in front of the houses and buildings. Ecologically most of trees are common home garden species such as jack, mango and Avocado. The existing large Bo trees are situated beside the road at Suwarapola (3+500km RHS), and Piliyandala (4+700km RHS) are used for religious purposes by the public.

80. To compensate removal of trees at least 5 saplings for an each tree removed will be planted along the road and the nearby areas. However; it has been planned to plant more than 100 saplings along the road and nearby areas as required. The growing of trees will require much of space and sunlight. Because of the urbanized and high residential area, the availability of road side space for tree planting is less. Therefore suitable locations along the road as well as nearby areas will be selected for re-planting. The road side tree planting areas will be selected without interfering existing accesses, utility service lines such as electricity, water mains and telecommunication lines. However suitable spaces could be investigated in both road side and possible places beyond the ROW if space is not adequate for replanting within the ROW. Ecological benefits of the trees, crown shape, root system, growing speed and resistance for the harsh environment should be considered when selecting tree species for compensatory replanting. Proposed compensative tree planting program is showing in table below.

Table 4.2: Detail of tree planting program Number of trees Approximate Species name Ecological benefit Beneficiaries to be locations planted 20 Kumbuk Control of soil erosion, and Along the Bolgoda Road users, (Terminalia providing Shade. Medicinal, lake area/ water Community arjuna) Phytoremediation logging areas (mitigating pollutant nearby road as well concentrations in as along the road contaminated soils, water, or air. 20 Mee (Madhuca Control of soil erosion, Along the road, Road users, longifolia) providing good Shade, Bolgoda Lake area, community, school Medicinal Community areas children 15 Kos (Artocarpus Shade, Food and Timber Along the road, Road users, hetarophyllus) home garden and Community temple premises and Community areas 20 Kottamba Control of soil erosion, Along the road, Road users, (Terminalia Shade. Community areas , Community cattappa) all culvert locations and Bolgoda lake 15 Na (Mesua Shade, flower and Timber Along the road, Road users, thwaitesii) Temple Community premises(2+800, 3+500 and 4+700), School premises (Piliyandala junction area), Community areas 10 Pihimbiya Control of soil erosion, and Along the road, Road users, (Filicium Shade. Community areas Community decipiens)

81. The maintenance of the planted trees after demobilization of the contractor will be handed to Executive Engineer (EE) of the region to whom the road section belongs.

j. Rehabilitation of water ponds, streams and other environmentally important areas

82. Bolgoda Lake around 2+700km is an environmentally important wetland and habitat for fauna and flora of the area and this wetland has been deteriorated due to spreading of invasive species and destruction of existing vegetation cover. Therefore as a Co-operative Social Responsibility (CSR) and a voluntary action of the contractor, it could be suggested to rehabilitate a part of the wetland especially nearby to the road.

Table 4.3: Improvement of deteriorated habitats along the road trace Habitat or area existing condition Improvement Benefits Wetland habitat Invaded invasive plants Removal of invasive Improve the wetland Bolgoda Lake wet land such as Wel Atha plants, environment and area (Annona glabra) Water Tree planting with facilitate the native Located at project starting Hyacinth (Eichhornia native species flora and fauna. point at 2+620km crassipes) and Monochoria vaginalis

83. Activities on improvement of the above habitat and water body of the area shall be a part of the CSR activity of the contractor as well as employer. Voluntary groups on environmental conservation and protection operating in the area are welcome to such activities.

Figure 4.1: Invasive species such as Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and Monochoria vaginalis are spread on the Bolgoda lake surface.

k. Awareness of public

84. The implementation of awareness programs on environmental protection will also help to protect the surround environment specially Bolgoda Lake. The contractor’s environmental officer can implement such campaigns, meeting and the workshops with assistance of PIU/Supervision Consultant (SC) for contractor’s staff as well as the surround communities mainly who are living close to the area. This could be included establishment of the sign boards indicating environmental importance of wetlands, posters and cut-outs which shall be placed roadside.

l. Disruption to traffic

85. Improvement works on the road pavement, widening operations and rehabilitation or reconstruction of bridges and culverts will impede existing traffic flows. The movement of trucks may cause accident risks and may damage other roads that they use to bring construction material to the construction sites. Following measures should be considered to minimize the impacts on existing traffic;

° Providing advance information to the public about the planned construction works. ° Use of flagmen and/or temporary traffic lights to control traffic flows at constricted sites, including safe crossing for pedestrians especially near town areas and schools.

m. Site safety

86. Construction activities will cause potential safety hazards to the workers and public, if construction activities are conducted without proper safety measures. Even if safety measures are in place life threatening accidents could occur during construction. Safety of workers and public could be secured during construction if following measures are followed;

° Proper briefing and training of workers on safety precautions, and their responsibilities for the safety of themselves and others, ° Providing the workers protective clothing including hard hats, protective footwear, and high visibility jackets for use when construction activities to take place at night, ° Ensuring that plant and vehicle operators are properly licensed, experienced and trained, ° Arranging for the provision of first aid facilities, readily available trained paramedical personnel, and emergency transport to the nearest hospitals, ° Arranging for regular safety checks of vehicles and material, and allocation of responsibility to supervisors on storing material and maintaining vehicles, ° Ensuring that quarry operations, particularly blasting are carried out and supervised by trained personnel, that explosives are stored in a secure location and that all due precautions are taken to ensure that blasting does not induce rock falls and slope instability, ° Provision of hazard warning signals around construction sites, and directing vehicle and pedestrian traffic away from work sites, ° Provision of traffic management plans during construction including barricading of openings and lighting at night where required, ° Liaising with local police and local authorities to develop a traffic management plane during construction stage.

C. Screening of potential environmental impacts during operational stage

a. Impacts on nearby water bodies

87. Improvements to the road drainage, construction of new culverts will result in improved storm water flow and reduce the tendency of blockages to occur in roadside drains. Risks to the public health caused by stagnant water bodies by acting as disease vector breeding places will be reduced.

88. However, operational failure of the drainage system may occur if the drains are not properly maintained during operational stage, they will become silted and water can get stagnated during rains.

89. Regular maintenance of culverts to withstand appropriate storm events will reduce the risk of any operational failure of the drainage system.

b. Road safety

90. Improvements to the road surface with adjustments to vertical and horizontal road geometry will be conducive to safe vehicle driving at higher speeds. But such speeds may increase the incidences of accidents.

91. Incorporating the following measures could offset this negative impacts caused by vehicles operating at higher speeds; ° Provision of centerline road marking and studs, edge delineation on wider pavements, guard railing and chevron markers on bends (especially within the hairpin bends), ° Provision of sealed shoulders where cycle and other slow and non- motorized traffic is significant and kerbed footpaths through settlement areas (townships) and pedestrian crossings.

c. Impacts on air quality and noise

92. Higher speed limits will reduce the travel time through the area and better road alignment will reduce the number of accelerations and decelerations in travelling thereby reduce the emissions to the air. The subproject is therefore expected to have a positive effect on overall air quality.

V. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS & ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN/ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

93. The impacts identified and mitigation measures suggested under the section “Screening of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures” are summarized in to an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and are presented as a matrix in Annex 5.1.

94. The responsibility of implementing the EMP will be with the contractor. The Supervision Consultant (SC) working under the Project Implementing Unit (PIU) will directly supervise the contractor in implementing the EMP, while the PIU will have the overall responsibility of monitoring the implementation of EMP. Environmental and Social Development Division (ESDD) of RDA will act as an independent monitoring unit within the RDA, monitoring the implementation of environmental safeguards measures. ESDD will directly report to the General Manager (GM). Progress reports prepared by SC will be submitted to ESDD for review through the PIU. Once approved by ESDD, these reports will be submitted to CEA, ADB and other relevant institutions.

95. In the event the subproject creates a complex environmental impact ESDD will discuss with the PIU to review and decide whether independent external monitoring will be required. The institutional hierarchy for the implementation of EMP & EMoP is shown as follows.

RDA ESDD

Central Environmental Authority PD/PIU Environmental Specialist & other relevant agencies such as Depts. of Wild life, Forest, Irrigation ect. SC-Team Environmental Specialist Leader & RE

Environmental Officer Contractor

Figure: 5:1 Responsibility hierarchy for EMP & EMoP implementation

B. Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP)

96. In addition to the EMP, to ensure of protection of surround nature during project implementation, the Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP) has been prepared and presented in annex 5.2. The EMoP includes information on environmental parameters to be monitored, locations, time and frequency, cost for sampling and stage of subproject on which the monitoring should be conducted. The EMoP will be a useful tool to monitor the implementation of mitigation measures specified in EMP.

97. Environmental Management Committee (EMC) of CEA will undertake the overall monitoring activity for the EMoP. As an independent unit within RDA, ESDD will work closely with CEA in overall monitoring of the subproject. The environmental monitoring report will be periodically submitted to PIU of RDA, which should include the result of environmental monitoring that will be reported to the PD of RDA.

98. The Criteria for the Selection of Sampling Locations of the EMoP are; ° Air quality- Population density and potential increase of traffic ° Water quality- Rivers/ stream/tanks/Cross drainage locations used by local populace towards meeting their daily chores ° Noise and vibration-The areas where traffic/activities are likely to increase and also impacted ° Fauna and flora

C. Cost for EMP and EMoP of the Project

99. The cost of (i) proposed road works; (ii) the major structural works; and (iii) optional works were separately identified to allow for different investment scenarios to be compared. The overall investment costs of the road section; sub-groups include the base construction costs with provisions for physical and financial contingencies.

100. Other than the specified environmental monitoring cost, several activities to be executed in the bill of quantities (BOQ) of the project. Those activities can be mentioned such as dust prevention, de-silting and cleaning of drains and related environmental mitigations actions. These actions will be proposed and required by employer as well as the contractor due to the site specific requirements. Then such manner of specific environmental mitigation actions will be allowed to implement within the bill items such as follows;

Table 5.1: Detail of environmental monitoring cost with related mitigation activities Bill Items Bill Description Amount 1 PRELIMINARIES AND GENERAL (A) 1.1 Traffic safety control and maintenance of existing road 375,000.00 1.2 Provide adequate environmental protection and safety 1,428,000.00 precautions during construction and implement EMP and prepare monthly monitoring report 2 SITE CLEARING (B) 2.1.1 Clearing and grubbing including removal of trees, stumps etc. 981,500.00 08 INCIDENTAL CONSTRUCTIONS (C) 8.1 Top soiling and grassing 222,000.00 10 PROVISIONAL SUMS (D) 10.1 Traffic safety control 1,500,000.00 10.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan 580,000.00 10.3 Preparation and implementation of HIV-AIDS Prevention Program 250,000.00 Total of sub items of A+B+C+D 5,276,500.00 Total Cost of Project (B295)-Tender Price 405,288,983.88

101. According to the shown figures of table 5.1, there is 1.3% of environmental mitigation cost will be allocated from the total cost of civil work component.

VI. PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

A. Public consultation process

102. In order to understand the viewpoints of the stakeholders and to respond to their concerns and suggestions at the initial stages of the subproject, stakeholder consultation was carried out along the subproject trace during 2009. It is an on-going process there is a continuous dialogue between the PIU staff and the public (or affected community).

103. Interviews were held with community leaders and few focus group discussions were held with the public. Key government officers at Divisional Secretariat Offices, Grama Niladari Offices, and Poverty alleviation officers (Samurdhi Niyamaka) were also interviewed.

B. Disclosure of information

104. Disclosure of information about the subproject can be done through Divisional Secretariat Officers, Grama Niladari Officers. Community leaders are also resource persons who could be useful in information dissemination. Use of mass media and RDA web site are also possible to disclose information about the subproject to other interested groups outside the subproject area. In addition to that Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) is also useful tool for information dissemination because informal information may distribute among the project impacted area. Then responsible authorities and the effected parties could be discussed in one stage to find out the better solutions for their problems and informal information.

C. Mechanisms of Grievance Redress Committee (GRC)

105. Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) is necessary to support genuine claimants to resolve their problems through mutual understanding and consensus reaching process with relevant parties. This is in addition to the available legal institutions for resolving unsatisfied appeals from public against the disagreeable decisions.

106. The best practice for resolving grievances is to settle issues in the first instance at the community/village or the Grama Niladai level through consultative process. This community based approach is an informal setup that can be tried at lower levels with the initiatives of PIU and its extension staff. However, issues that can’t be addressed at this level informally have to be taken at a higher level formally for regularisation and endorsement.

107. Grievance Redress Committee established by the RDA has well defined functions, composition, and a procedure to redress grievances. A GRC system based on the Resettlement Framework for SRCP is proposed for Kospalana Junction to Piliyandala section of Moratuwa – Piliyandala (B295) Road.

108. GRC approach gives an opportunity for public to bring their unsolved grievances caused by the project implementation to the committee established for the said purpose at divisional level. The innovative intervention of this approach is the establishing of a GRC at a divisional level consisting of key official partners involved in land acquisition, and a representative from public as committee members to find solutions for unsolved grievances. Any disagreed person can bring his/her case to this committee, free of charge (not even stamp duty), for hearing of his/her case.

D. Composition of GRC

109. The GRC will be a five member committee headed by the Assistant Divisional Secretary of the relevant division, Project director /Resettlement Officer, Site Engineer and two civil society representatives (who may be chosen from among the recognized NGOs/ CBOs, clergy, persons representing DPs groups and women). The Resettlement Officer/ Resettlement Assistant of the RDA/ PIU will function as the Secretary of the GRC and will be responsible for keeping record of all grievances registered and action taken on them. When required, the GRC can seek the assistance of other persons/institution.

110. The GRC will deal promptly with any issue relating to environment and social that is brought before it. The GRC will make all efforts to see that these issues are also resolved within 2-3 weeks. The GRC will take decisions on the basis of a majority vote.

E. Summary of public consultation

111. Although sections of properties will be acquired for road widening purpose, in general the view of communities living along the road and subproject influence area was in favor of this rehabilitation project. Several meetings were held at level of the DS to disclose information regarding of the project effected people. The preliminary discussions were held with the Divisional Secretariat with other resource persons drawn from ESDD/RDA, SRCP, Depts. of Valuation, Surveys and Land. Thereafter, PIU and DSs jointly made preparations for DS level awareness sessions aimed at all DS level staff, including Grama Niladris, Land officers, Poverty Alleviation Officers (Samurdhi) and other field staff mainly and similar officers from other stakeholder agencies and NGOs. The team of resource person panel consisted of representatives of Depts. of Surveys, Valuation, Land and PIU. Respective DSs presented roles and responsibilities of DSs in land acquisition, and aspects of development paying attention to environmental and social issues. The session on surveys and valuations conducted by Superintendent of Surveys and Regional Valuation Officer respectively with the use of appropriate audio- visual materials separately for three DSDs. Summary of public consultation is given in table 6.1 below while list of stakeholders interviewed and their view on the project is presented in annex 6.1.

112. No off site relocation will be required, however the public who were consulted were in the opinion that they should be properly compensated for the loss property. And the RDA should assist them to restore their livelihoods in the event their livelihood activities are affected.

Table 6.1: A summary of Public consultation details Issues discussed Principle view of the How the project addressed the consultations issue 1 Removal of When will the construction work The PIU is in the view that the project structures commence? could be started before end of this Who will inform the residents year. about a time to remove the As per LAA, once section 38(a) structures? Proviso is gazetted the structures Can the salvage material be need to be removed. taken from site? The PIU informed that the salvage material could be removed by the owner

2 Payment of When will the payment of The PIU has already taken measures compensation interest be over? to secure funds to pay the remaining interest payments.

Issues discussed Principle view of the How the project addressed the consultations issue 3 Remaining land Possibility of utilizing the PIU discussed with UDA and UDA has area of a lot remaining land for construction agreed to allow building in the remaining lands even if they are less than the prescribed extent for a construction. 4 Temporary loss The business owners had a PIU will schedule the construction of parking area concern of loss of their parking activities in such a way that it would lots during the construction minimize the loss of parking area. And time. proper parking areas will be developed during the project. 5 Dust and other Residents in the area were The PIU will prepare an environmental nuisance to the concern about dust, noise and management plan (EMP) that will look public vibration impacts during in to these matters as well as safety construction period. aspects during construction. This EMP will be incorporated in to bid and respective contract documents. Source: Resettlement Action Plan-Final Draft-2012

VII. CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

113. B295 Road connects two trunk roads; Colombo – Galle – Hambantota – Wellawaya (A002) Road at Moratuwa and Pamankada – Horana (B084) Road at Piliyandala. Moratuwa and Piliyandala are important towns located within Colombo district in terms of both commercial and administrative activities therefore a considerable traffic flow could be observed daily along B295 Road. Though 0+000 to 2+620km section of B295 road has already been improved and upgraded, the rest of the road section from 2+620 to 5+120km is in narrow and dilapidated condition which lowers the transportation efficiency along B295 Road. Therefore improvement and upgrading 2+620 to 5+120km section has been identified as a priority road improvement project by the government.

114. Therefore the SRCP intends to rehabilitate and upgrade 2.5km section from Kospalana Junction (2+620 km) to Piliyandala (5+120 km) of Moratuwa – Piliyandala (B295) road with financial assistance from ADB.

115. This study was conducted for the proposed project to identify proposed scope of the project, description of the existing environment along the road trace, project induced negative and positive impacts to the existing environment, feasible mitigation measures to avoid/minimize project induced negative impacts. The document also includes environmental management plan and environmental monitoring plan which will be a part of contract documents to be implemented to minimize environmental and social impacts in effective manner.

116. Proposed road section does not locate within any environmentally or socially sensitive location therefore a significant impact on the environment or social setup was not identified during the study. Small patch of marsh observed around the Bailey bridge could be considered as environmentally important area however the marsh has already been degraded due to human influence. Identified impacts are minor and temporary in nature which could be mitigated by implementing a comprehensive mitigation plan. Especially social impacts due to acquisition of private land were mitigated by compensating adequately as recommended by RP. And the study recommends to undertake comprehensive monitoring program during construction period in order to ensure effective implementation of mitigation measures. In addition the study recommends to undertake tree planting along the trace, reclamation of marsh around Bologoda Lake area and to conduct public awareness programs on environmental conservation in order to improve the environmental condition along the proposed section of B295 road.

117. Baseline monitoring of air quality, noise and water quality should be carried out during subproject preconstruction stage to establish the baseline of environmental parameters for comparison during the construction and operational stages. The results should be integrated with the contract documentation to establish performance action thresholds, pollution limits and contingency plans for the contractor’s performance. Adequate budgetary provisions must be ensured to undertake these monitoring activities during construction stage.

118. The subproject will reduce the travel time and operational cost of vehicles using this road. The proposed improvement will enhance improved transportation efficiency along B295 Road which will facilitate socio-economic development of the subproject area.

Annex 1 29

ENVIRONMENTAL RECOMMENDATION FROM CENTRAL ENVIRONMENTAL AUTHORITY

Annex 2.1 35

Rapid Environment Assessment (REA) Checklist for Moratuwa-Piliyandala (B 295) road

Instructions: i. The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to the Environment and Safeguards Division (RSES), for endorsement by Director, RSES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer. ii. This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists. iii. Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Country/Project Title: Improvement/Upgrading of Kospalana Junction (2+620) to Piliyandala (5+120km) section of Moratuwa-Piliyandala (B295) Road Sector Division: Province: Western, District: Colombo, Divisional secretariats: Kebewa

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks 1. PROJECT SITING IS THE PROJECT AREA ADJACENT TO OR WITHIN ANY OF THE FOLLOWING ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS?

° CULTURAL HERITAGE SITE √ ° PROTECTED AREA √ The project starting point area (Kospalana Bridge) runs through a natural lake which is identified as a protected wetland area (Bolgoda Lake). It has been declared as an environmentally protected area in 1988 by the Central Environmental Authority of Sri Lanka. They limit the development activities within the 60m of the high water level of the lake. Therefore activities of the road will be allowed under the guidelines and approval of the CEA. The negative impacts of the road such as soil erosion and siltation are the most effective activities to the area. Mitigation actions for the soil erosion and sedimentation will implement parallel to EMP and water quality will be monitoring accordingly the EMoP. Improvement of drainage and structures will facilitate to proper drainage to the area. Tree planting, and turfing will be an added advantage to the area ° WETLAND √ ° MANGROVE √ ° ESTUARINE √ ° BUFFER ZONE OF PROTECTED AREA √ ° SPECIAL AREA FOR PROTECTING √ BIODIVERSITY

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks B. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS WILL THE PROJECT CAUSE ° Encroachment on historical/cultural areas; √ There are no any encroachments into disfiguration of landscape by road the historical or cultural areas along embankments, cuts, fills, and quarries? the road as well as outside. But changing of landscape due to road embankment, cuts and fills of ROW is occurred and its impact will positively impact to improve of the landscape of the area. In addition to that quarry activities will significantly impact to changing of landscape if material takes from one location. If not the impact will be deviated. The rehabilitation of the quarry area after operation is compulsory activity for the contractor while obtaining of quarry licensee, and PMU/SC also observe the rehabilitation of the such activities ° Encroachment on precious ecology (e.g. √ There are no any sensitive or sensitive or protected areas)? protected areas adjacent to the existing road ° Alteration of surface water hydrology of √ Alternation of surface water waterways crossed by roads, resulting in hydrology will be confined to the increased sediment in streams affected by construction period only by the increased soil erosion at construction site? provision of diversion of water courses however; the original waterways will be restored immediately after the construction works.

Also measures have been developed so that increased sedimentation is not encouraged because of the construction activities by resorting construction work during dry seasons and clearing the debris regularly from the water courses. ° Deterioration of surface water quality due to silt √ Preference will be rendered so that runoff and sanitary wastes from worker-based no new camp sites are established by camps and chemicals used in construction? utilizing the local habitations to accommodate the workforce. In case of new campsites establishment, those will be located in suitable area far away from the existing habitations and away from water bodies. Also, appropriate, efficient sanitary facilities will be designed and operated to contain waste generated from the campsites. A comprehensive waste management plan will be implemented to contain construction waste as well as waste generated from workers campsites.

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks ° Increased local air pollution due to rock √ Local ambient air quality during crushing, cutting and filling works, and construction stage to experience chemicals from asphalt processing? higher particulate matter load because of dust emission from construction activities such as clearing, grubbing, excavation, borrowing of earth, crushing operation, handing of cement, running of Hot Mix Plant etc. however, to a appreciable extent, such menace can be reduced by adopting to water sprinklers to stone crusher unit, hot mix plant with dust extraction system, water sprinkling to haul road network, materials transportation in covered vehicles, avoiding overloading of vehicles etc. Besides the above measures, it is important that construction production units are established at an appreciable distance as accepted by CEA. ° Risks and vulnerabilities related to occupational √ Regarding on the occupational health health and safety due to physical, chemical, and safety matter, the construction biological, and radiological hazards during activities will be supervised by project construction and operation during project qualified safety officer with OHSAS construction and operation? experience. The contractor should be follow the occupational health and safety standard while using hazardous materials such as chemical, biological, and radiological. Further personal protective equipments (PPEs) and prior safety precautions are must while implementing the construction activities. ° Noise and vibration due to blasting and other √ Increased Noise and vibration level in civil works? the active construction sites can be minimized by using well maintained vehicles and machinery meeting the Country stipulated norms. Near residential and sensitive locations, activities should not be carried out during nighttime. Controlled blasting through experienced personnel to be carried out to the quarry sites with prior approval of CEA and GSMB.

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks ° Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of √ There were no any dislocation and people? compulsory resettlements of people along the road trace. All the dislocation activities are temporary affected. Only for affects to the part of the building, houses and lands. The affected buildings and houses would be re-build in same location. Altogether 1040 lots of gardens and gardens with part of buildings will be affected. The total number of 487 lots of commercial lands with part of buildings will be affected. Then 82 lots of Paddy lands and paddy with part of buildings will be affected. The enough compensation will be paid to the effected through the DS. ° Dislocation and compulsory resettlement of √ There were no any dislocation and people living in right-of-way? compulsory resettlements of people along the road trace. All the dislocation activities are temporary affected. Affects to the livelihood of the people will be considered under the compensation scheme. ° Disproportionate impacts on the poor, women √ The impact will be consider under and children, Indigenous Peoples or other supervision of the DS/grama vulnerable groups? niladari(village headman) and the effected person and appointed government valuer. If made any disproportionate value will be appealed into LARK and Super Lark committee by affected. Therefore any discrimination while the impact evaluating process could not be happened due to status of people such as women or the poor. ° Other social concerns relating to √ Dust emission because of the inconveniences in living conditions in the project construction activities to be checked areas that may trigger cases of upper by practicing dust suppression respiratory problems and stress? methods such as periodical water sprinkling, transporting of materials in the covered trucks etc. Cultural exchange too is anticipated because of introduction o f workforce from other parts of the country as well as outside the country. But, this being a linear project; the activities at a particular location will be confined to few weeks of a year only.

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks ° Hazardous driving conditions where √ An effective traffic and construction interferes with pre-existing roads? safety management plan will be implemented in the construction sites particularly at locations with preexisting roads to guide/inform/warn road traffic for slowing down and careful driving to avoid any such accidents. The comprehensive plan will be implemented on a day to day basis through a trained and experienced traffic safety officer of the Contractor being supervised by the Supervision Consultant. Also, the drivers and operators will be trained about safe driving skills. ° Poor sanitation and solid waste disposal in √ Adequate, efficient sewerage construction camps and work sites, and possible and sanitation facilities will be transmission of communicable diseases (such planned, designed and operated in as STI's and HIV/AIDS) from workers to local the construction camps. populations? A comprehensive waste management plan will be put into action in the campsites. Local populace as well as the construction workforce will time to time be educated about HIV/AIDS/STD awareness through a authorized organization. ° Creation of temporary breeding habitats for √ To avoid creation of temporary diseases such as those transmitted by breeding habitat for mosquito vectors, mosquitoes and rodents? efficient and adequate sewerage and sanitation provisions will be planned, designed and developed in the campsites. Also, provisions will be into effect so that no such water stagnation occurs during the construction period. Disinfectants will be applied to waste collection areas as well as any such wet areas, initially by easing drainage of surplus water. Borrow areas and excavated sites will be immediately rehabilitated to avoid any such stagnation of water. ° Accident risks associated with increased √ During the construction phase, vehicular traffic, leading to accidental spills of an effective traffic and safety toxic materials? management will be put to action incorporating emergency response plan. Traffic diversion plans will be planned and implemented at narrow construction zones.

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks ° Increased noise and air pollution resulting from √ The construction phase to traffic volume? experience higher noise level and air pollution because of the introduction of construction vehicles and machinery however the operation phase to experience lower noise level and lesser air pollution because of smooth flow of traffic and lesser congestion ° Increased risk of water pollution from oil, grease √ Mitigation measures have been and fuel spills, and other materials from vehicles incorporated as part of the EMP using the road? towards secured handling of oil and lubricants, their collection, storage and recycling/disposal. ° Social conflicts if workers from other regions or √ The social conflicts among the countries are hired? regional basis population are rarely noticed in Sri Lanka. The diversity of ethnic and social background of the labours will clearly explain into others. Foreign labors were not hired. ° Large population influx during project √ The most of utilities are government construction and operation that causes own infrastructures and can meet increased burden on social infrastructure and adequate number of consumers. If the services (such as water supply and sanitation sources are not adequate to the systems)? demand of newly occupied project crew, the alternative sources such as tube well, diesel fuel (for high energy consuming activities such as asphalt plant/crusher) and own vehicle to dump solid waste are established. that type of activities will reduce to the demand of the public utilities in the area. The maintainace of existing road without dilapidating condition is also implemented. ° Risks to community health and safety due to the √ Explosive materials will storage only transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of inside of the Police in the area under materials such as explosives, fuel and other the supervision of them. The handling chemicals during construction and operation? and the disposing of waste materials goes under the qualified mining Engineer or person. Disposal materials will be dumped appropriate yards that are approved and monitoring by CEA or LA ° Community safety risks due to both accidental √ The construction site will be fully and natural causes, especially where the covered with barricading and structural elements or components of the project appointed a qualified person such as are accessible to members of the affected Engineer or Supervisor who must be community or where their failure could result in at the site to manage the events. A injury to the community throughout project safety officer will visits to site time to construction, operation and decommissioning. time to observe the risk and hazardous situation. Warning signs and the other relevant information on safety are distributed among the workers as well as community prior to the work started.

Climate Change and Disaster Risk Questions Yes No REMARKS The following questions are not for environmental categorization. They are included in this checklist to help identify potential climate and disaster risks.

• Is the Project area subject to hazards such as √ earthquakes, floods, landslides, tropical cyclone winds, storm surges, tsunami or volcanic eruptions and climate changes (see Appendix I)

° Could changes in temperature, precipitation, or √ extreme events patterns over the Project lifespan affect technical or financial sustainability (eg., increased erosion or landslides could increase maintenance costs, permafrost melting or increased soil moisture content could affect sub-grade).

° Are there any demographic or socio-economic √ aspects of the Project area that are already vulnerable (eg., high incidence of marginalized populations, rural-urban migrants, illegal settlements, ethnic minorities, women or children)?

° Could the Project potentially increase the √ climate or disaster vulnerability of the surrounding area (e.g., by encouraging settlement in areas that will be more affected by floods in the future, or encouraging settlement in earthquake zones)?

Note: Hazards are potentially damaging physical events.

Appendix I: Environments, Hazards and Climate Changes

Environment Natural Hazards and Climate Change Example Impact on Roads and Highways Arid/Semi- Low erratic rainfall of up to 500 mm rainfall per Reduced availability of water arid and annum with periodic droughts and high rainfall for compaction during desert variability. Low vegetative cover. Resilient construction, increased sand environment ecosystems & complex pastoral and systems, but on carriageways reduce road medium certainty that 10–20% of drylands safety, road alignment may degraded; 10-30% projected decrease in water need to be reviewed where, availability in next 40 years; projected increase in for example, agriculturally drought duration and severity under climate change. productive zones are Increased mobilization of sand dunes and other shifting. soils as vegetation cover declines; likely overall decrease in agricultural productivity, with rain-fed agriculture yield reduced by 30% or more by 2020. Earthquakes and other geophysical hazards may also occur in these environments.

Humid and More than 500 mm precipitation/yr. Resilient Increased landslides and sub-humid ecosystems & complex human pastoral and mudflows disrupt road plains, cropping systems. 10-30% projected decrease in networks, Increased foothills and water availability in next 40 years; projected moisture content in the hill country increase in droughts, heatwaves and floods; subsurface can result in increased erosion of loess-mantled landscapes by increased penetration of wind and water; increased gully erosion; landslides water into the fill, which may likely on steeper slopes. Likely overall decrease in also collapse, Reduced agricultural productivity & compromised food effectiveness of drainage production from variability, with rain-fed agriculture which results in a reduction yield reduced by 30% or more by 2020. Increased in the bearing capacity of the incidence of forest and agriculture-based insect soils which become infestations. Earthquakes and other geophysical saturated hazards may also occur in these environments.

River valleys/ River basins, deltas and estuaries in low-lying areas Same as above deltas and are vulnerable to riverine floods, storm surges estuaries and associated with tropical cyclones/typhoons and sea other low- level rise; natural (and human-induced) subsidence lying coastal resulting from sediment compaction and ground areas water extraction; liquefaction of soft sediments as result of earthquake ground shaking. Tsunami possible/likely on some coasts. Lowland agri- business and subsistence farming in these regions at significant risk.

Small islands Small islands generally have land areas of less than Increased salinity increases 10,000km2 in area, though Papua New Guinea and corrosion of materials which Timor with much larger land areas are commonly can break-down, Road is included in lists of small island developing states. eroded by increased wave Low-lying islands are especially vulnerable to storm action, Increased flooding surge, tsunami and sea-level rise and, frequently, from overtopping of sea- coastal erosion, with coral reefs threatened by water over road or salt-water ocean warming in some areas. Sea level rise is intrusion in to groundwater, likely to threaten the limited ground water resources. High islands often experience high rainfall intensities, frequent landslides and tectonic environments in which landslides and earthquakes are not uncommon with (occasional) volcanic eruptions. Small islands may have low adaptive capacity and high adaptation costs relative to GDP.

Environment Natural Hazards and Climate Change Example Impact on Roads and Highways Mountain Accelerated glacial melting, rockfalls/landslides and Damage to infrastructure ecosystems glacial lake outburst floods, leading to increased from landslides and debris flows, river bank erosion and floods and more mudflows, permafrost extensive outwash plains and, possibly, more melting causes damage to frequent wind erosion in intermontane valleys. roads, glacial lake outbursts Enhanced snow melt and fluctuating stream flows wash out river-crossings. may produce seasonal floods and droughts. Melting of permafrost in some environments. Faunal and floral species migration. Earthquakes, landslides and other geophysical hazards may also occur in these environments.

Volcanic Recently active volcanoes (erupted in last 10,000 Damage and loss of roads, environments years – see www.volcano.si.edu). Often fertile soils insecuirity for roadworks with intensive agriculture and landslides on steep crew and maintenance slopes. Subject to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions including pyroclastic flows and mudflows/lahars and/or gas emissions and occasionally widespread ashfall.

44 Annex 2.2

Location Map

1. Kospalana Bridge 2. Sri Vijayaramaya 3. Suwarapola area at 4. Bodhi Tree at 4 +100 5 Suwarapola area 6. along the road 4+500 7. Piliyandala Junction 2+700 km Temple at 2+900 RHS 3+700km 3+800 km km 5+100 km

6 5

Annex 2.3 45

Proposed Cross Section for Kospalana Junction to Piliyandala of B295 Road

46 Annex 2.4

Existing condition of culverts of Moratuwa-Piliyandala (B295) Road

1. 4/1Culvert at 3+200km 2. 4/2 Culvert at 3+300 km 3. 4/3 Culvert at 3+400km 4. 6/1 Culvert at 5+000 km

Annex 3.1 47

Topographical and Hydrological Maps

Streams and rivers with flow direction

Water bodies

Proposed road Settlements

Piliyandal a

UpperUpperUpperstreamUpper streamstreamstream of Bolgoda Lake with water

Bolgoda Lake with mangrove Settlements B Play Ground vegetation

Marshy

KosKosKospalanaKos palana

Downstream of Bolgoda Lake and stilt rootstilt rootrootstilt of Bruguiera

sexangula

Annex 3.2 49

Terrestrial and Aquatic Floral and Faunal species – B295 Road

Flora of Project area

Abbreviations: Habit Conservation Status(CS) Habitat or Niches H: Herb N-Native WB: Water bodies T: Tree Inv-Invasive HG: Home Gardens S: Shrub Int- Introduce RS: Road Side C: Climber or Creeper Orn-Ornamental G: Grass +: Present

Habitat or Niche Family Species Local Name Habit CS WB HG RS Araucariaceae Araucaria cookii Cook's pine T Orn + Agavaceae Dracaena fragrans Bothal Gas S Orn + + Alternanthera sessilis Mukunu Wenna H N + Amaranthaceae Amaranthus viridis Kura Thampala S N + + Anacardium occidentale Cadju T N + Anacardiaceae Mangifera indica Amba T N + + Spondias dulcis Amberella T N + Annonaceae Annona glabra Wel Attha T Inv + Aponogetonaceae Aponogeton crispus Kekatiya H N + Alocasia macrorrhizos Habarala H N + Araceae Colocasia esculenta Gahala H N +

Arecaceae Areca catechu Puwak T N + Cocos nucifera Pol T N + Mikania cordata Watu Palu C N + + Asteraceae Tithonia diversifolia Natta suriya S N + Monara Vernonia cinerea Kudumbiya H N + Bombacaceae Ceiba pentandra Pulun T N + + Caricaceae Carica papaya Gas Labu T N + Combretaceae Terminalia cattappa Kottan T N + + Commelinaceae Commelina diffusa Gira-Pala G N + Ipomoea aquatica Kankung C N + Convolvulaceae Argyreia populifolia Giritilla L N + Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus serratus Weralu T N + Macaranga peltate Kenda T N + + Euphobiaceae Ricinus communis Beheth Endaru S N + Delonix regia May Mara T N + Fabaceae Desmodium Et Undupiyali H N + +

heterocarpon

Desmodium triflorum Undupiyali H N + Erythrina variegata Erabadu T N + Gliricidia sepium Weta Mara T N + + Leucaena leucocephala Ipil Ipil T Inv + + Mimosa pudica Nidi Kumba H N + + Pterocarpus indicus Wal Ehela T N + + Tamarindus indica Siyabala T N + + Hyptis suaveolens Madurutala H N + Lamiaceae Leucas zeylanica Tumba H N + Lauraceae Persea americana Ali Pera T N + Hibiscus farcatus Napiritta C N + Malvaceae Hibiscus tiliaceus Beli Patta T N + Sida acuta Gas Bavila S N + Urena lobata Epala S N + + Azadirachta indica Kohomba T N + + Meliaceae Melia azedarach Lunu Midella T N + Swietenia macrophylla Mahogani T N + Artocarpus hetarophyllus Kos T N + Artocarpus incisus Del T N + Ficus religiosa Bo T N + Moraceae Ficus hispida Budaliya T N + Ficus recemosa Attikka T N + Ficus benjamina Walu nuga T Orn + + Musaaceae Musa spp. Kesel T N + Psidium guajava Pera T N + Myrtaceae Syzygium malaccense Jambu T N + Pandanaceae Pandanus kaida Wetake S N + Poaceae Bambusa vulgaris Una S N + + Eichhornia crassipes Japan-Jabara H Inv + Pontederiaceae Monochoria vaginalis Jabara H Inv + Rhizophoraceae Bruguiera sexangula Kadol T N + Rutaceae Aegle marmelos Beli T N + Salviniaceae Salvinia molesta Salvinia H Inv + Sapotaceae Madhuca longifolia Mi T N + Sapindaceae Nephelium lappaceum Rambutan T N + Tiliaceae Muntingia calabura Jam T N + Clerodendrum Verbenaceae infortunatum Pinna S N +

Lantana camara Ganda Pana S N + Stachytarpheta jamaicensis Balu Nakuta H N + Tectona grandis Tekka T Int +

Terrestrial and Aquatic Faunal species

Abbreviations

Conservation Status(CS) Habitat or Niches WM: Winter Migrant WB: Water bodies +: Present NT: Nationally Threatened HG: Home Gardens D-Domesticated RS: Road Side

Conservation Habitat/Niche Species Name Common Name Status HG WB RS Class- Insecta (Insects) Order: Lepidoptera Butterflies

Family – Papilionidae 1 Pachliopta hector Crimson rose Indigenous + + 2 Graphium agamemnon Tailed jay Indigenous + Family – Pieridae 3 Catopsilia pyranthe Mottled emigrant Indigenous + + 4 Delias eucharis Jezebel Indigenous + + 5 Erema hecabe Common grass yellow Indigenous + 6 Leptosia nina Psyche Indigenous + Family – Nymphalidae 7 Euploea core Common crow Indigenous 8 Phalantha phantha Leopard Indigenous + + Family – Satyridae 9 Elymnias hypermnestra Common Palm fly Indigenous + Family – Lycaenidae 10 Jamides celeno Common Cerulean Indigenous + + 11 Castalius rosimon Common Pierrot Indigenous + + Class- Ostecthyes (fishes) Family- Cichlidae 1 Oreocromis mosambicus Tilapia Exotic Naturalized + Family – Cyprinidae 2 Rasbora caveri Caveri Rasbora Indigenous + Family-Poecillidae 3 Poecilia reticulata Guppy Exotic Naturalized + Family - Notopteridae

Conservation Habitat/Niche Species Name Common Name Status HG WB RS 4 Chitala ornata Knife fish Exotic Naturalized + Class- Amphibia (Amphibians) Family – Bufonidae 1 Bufo melanostictus Common toad Indigenous + Family –Dicroglossidae 2 Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis Skipper frog Indigenous + 3 Euphlyctis hexadactylus Sixtoe green frog Indigenous + Class – Reptilelia (Reptiles) Family – Agamidae 1 Calotes calotes Green garden lizard Indigenous + + 2 Calotes versicolor Common garden lizard Indigenous + + Family- Gekkonidae 3 Hemidactylus frenatus Common house-gecko Indigenous + Family – Varanidae 4 Varanus bengalensis Water monitor Indigenous + Family Colubridae 5 Ptyas mucosa Rat Snake Indigenous + 6 Xenochrophis asperrimus Diya Bariya Endemic + Family-Elapidae 7 Naja naja Indian Cobra Indigenous + + Family Viperidae 8 Daboia russelii Russell's Viper Indigenous

Class- Aves (Birds) Family – Accipitridae 1 Haliastur indus Brahminy Kite Indigenous + + 2 Haliaeetus leucogaster White bellied sea eagle Indigenous Family – Alcedinidae 3 Alcedo atthis Common kingfisher Indigenous + + 4 Halcyon smyrnensis White-throated Indigenous + + Kingfisher Family – Ardeidae 5 Ardeola grayii Pond Heron Indigenous + + 6 Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret Indigenous + + 7 Casmerodius albus Great egret Indigenous + 8 Egretta garzetta Little Egret Indigenous + + 9 Ardea cinerea Grey Heron Indigenous + Family – Charadriidae 10 Vanellus indicus Red-wattled Lapwing Indigenous +

Conservation Habitat/Niche Species Name Common Name Status HG WB RS Family - Ciconiidae 11 Mycteria leucocephala Painted Stork Indigenous + 12 Anastomus oscitans Asian Openbill Indigenous + Family – Columbidae 13 Streptopelia chinensis Spotted Dove Indigenous + + + Family – Corvidae 14 Corvus splendens Grey necked crow Indigenous + + 15 Dicrurus caerulescens White-bellied Drongo Indigenous + + + Family – Dicaeidae 16 Dicaeum erythrorhynchos Small flower pecker Indigenous + + Family - Indigenousectariniidae 17 Indigenousectarina lotenia Loten’s Sunbird Indigenous + + Indigenousectarina + + 18 zeylonica Purple-rumped Sunbird Indigenous + Family – Magalaimidae 19 Megalaima zeylanica Brown-headed Barbet Indigenous + + + Family – Muscicapidae 20 Cophychus saularis Oriental Magpie Robin Indigenous + + Family -Oriolidae 21 Oriolus xanthornus Black hedaed Oriole Indigenous + + Family - Pelecanidae 22 Pelecanus philippensis Spot-billed Pelican Indigenous + Family – Picidae Red backed + 23 Dinopium benghalense woodpecker Indigenous + Family – Passeridae 24 Lonchura striata White-rumped Munia Indigenous + + Family - Phalacrocoracidae 25 Phalacrocorax niger Little Cormorant Indigenous + Family- Podicipedidae 26 Tachybaptus ruficllis Little grebe Indigenous + Family – Psittacidae 29 Psittacula krameri Rose-ringed Parakeet Indigenous + + Family – Pycnonotidae 27 Pycnonotus cafer Red-vented Bulbul Indigenous + + + Family – Rallidae White-breasted Water + 28 Amaurornis phoenicurus hen Indigenous + 29 Porphyrio porphyrio Purple swamp hen Indigenous + 30 Gallinula chloropus Common moorhen Indigenous +

Conservation Habitat/Niche Species Name Common Name Status HG WB RS Family – Sturnidae 31 Acridotheres tristis Common Myna Indigenous + + Family – Sylviidae 32 Orthotomus sutorius Tailor bird Indigenous + + Family - Threskiornithidae 33 Threskiornis Indigenous + melanocephalus Black-headed Ibis Class- Mammalia (Mammals) Family – Pteropodidae 1 Pteropus giganteus Flying fox Indigenous + + Family – Canidae 3 Canis familiaris Domestic dog Domesticated + + Family – Felidae 4 Felis catus Domestic cat Domesticated + + Family – Herpestidae Black-tipped + 5 Herpestes smithii mongoose Indigenous + Family – Bovidae 7 Bos indicus Domestic cattle Domesticated + Family – Sciuridae 8 Funambulus palmarum Palm squirrel Indigenous + + Family – Muridae 11 Rattus rattus House rat Indigenous + Family- Viverridae 25 Viverricula indica Ring taild civet cat Indigenous +

Environment Management Plan (EMP) Moratuwa – Piliyandala (B295) Road

Potential Mitigation Action Approximate Mitigation Institutional responsibility Indicators or Standards Environmental Environmental Location Cost Means of Parameters to be Impact Implementation Supervision Verifications Reflected in the EMoP A. Pre construction and Construction stage 1. Acquisition Proposed activities will be restricted Throughout the Based on the budget RDA/PIU DS Number of NIRP, None of private to the existing Boundary of RDA. Most road estimate of the public Rates properties of the structures have been removed by Resettlement Plan, cost complaints stipulated residents that are located within RDA approximately in the boundary line. Rs.30,000,000.00 for land Resettleme Thus; Possible livelihood restoration acquisition process nt Plan measures for PAPs should be considered in line with RAP, NIRP and (MOHRD)

Providing labour to shift and resettle the structures outside the new road reservation 2. Removal of Prior to consultation and consent Locations Cost estimated by line RDA/ PIU RDA / CEB / Disruption Technical None public utilities should be taken from relevant where agencies (RDA NWSDB/SLT other specificatio n service providers (CEB/ NWSDB/SLT) public utilities / SLT / CEB / NWSDB) /DoI commercial if sections of utility lines need to available Bill No 10: Provisional and public be shifted due to design Sums 10.11 Utilities activities / requirements or shift in alignment Relocation: 203(1)a Public Relocation, protection or complaints Obtain permission from DoI for an y removal of Electrical proposed construction works on Services- Rs.4,575,000.00 irrigation canals(there are no any 203(1)b Relocation, irrigational canals) protection or removal of Water Services- Use of well trained and experienced Rs.22,350,000.00 machinery operators to reduce 203(1) c accidental damage to the public Relocation, protection or utilities removal of Telecommunication Advance notice to the public about services- the time and the duration of the Rs.2,800,000.00 utility disruption

3. Removal of Mark all road side trees subjected to Removal of trees- Environment Contractor RDA/DoF Visual Felling of Floral and road side trees potential removal and preparation of throughout the road and Engineering cost (Under inspection trees faunal habitat inventory prior to start clearing Supervision of (Amendme loss Bill No 2 Site Clearing PIU) nt Act Decision on tree removal should be 2.1 Clearing and No:01 of based on detailed engineering design grubbing: Removal of 2000 trees felled trees and and Act Maximum effort to avoid removal of branches: to religious, cultural and aesthetic Rs.451,200.00 Amend important trees felling of trees Obtain permission in writing from control) DoF regarding removal of trees.

To avoid further tree losses, the contractor should ensure that the temporary use land for construction related activities will be established without any additional tree cutting 4. Temporary Construction facilities should be Lands selected Engineering Contractor RDA/ CEA Degradation National Air and water use of lands placed at least 500 m away from for the purposes of cost of scen ic Emission quality water bodies, natural flow paths, vehicle parking, beauty of the Standards important ecological habitats and material storage, area, Public and CEA residential areas setting up of labor complaints water camps etc. quality Selection of site for these facilities standards by adhering to local laws and regulations and in close consultation with LAs

Pay compensation / rent for using the site and get an official permit from the agencies if an y public utilities will be used for its facilities

In establishing these facilities, the contractor should minimize removal of trees and other green cover vegetation as much as possible

Potential Mitigation Action Approximate Mitigation Institutional responsibility Indicators or Standards Environmental Environmental Location Cost Means of Parameters to be Implementati Supervision Impact Verifications Reflected in the on EMoP 5. Solid waste Provision of solid waste Labor camps, Engineering cost Contractor RDA/PHI/CEA Visual Laws and Water and air quality disposal and disposal sanitation and sewage construction sites, inspection/ regulations sanitation facilities at all sites for the offices, disposal Bill No 1 Environmenta of respective construction/labor camps, and sites and material Preliminary and l pollution/ LAs other construction sites storage yards general items public 1.2 Contractor’s site complaints/ Handle and manage waste establishment Workers

generated from the construction/ 108.1(4) provide health labor camps without contaminated adequate the environmental conditions or environmental affecting the risk of public/ communities living nearby the protection and sites safety precautions during the Provide adequate facilities to construction and manage its wastes by adhering the implement EMP guidance from CEA

Proper drainage facilities should be implemented in and around the worker based camp to minimize stagnation of waste

Solid waste should not be burnt in the open within or outside the proposed site

Adequate supply of waters should be provided to the urinals, toilets and wash rooms of the worker camps

Garbage bins should be provided to all workers’ camps and construction sites, and should be dumped regularly in a hygienic manner with the PHI in the area

6. Disposal All debris and residual All disposal sites Engineering Contractor RDA/ PIU/ Visual CEA water Water and air of debris spoil materials including any left Cost PHI/CEA inspection/ quality quality earth should be disposed only at Environmenta standards/ locations approved by the relevant Bill No 9 Schedule of l pollution/ Laws and LAs day works rates public regulations 9.2 Equipment day complaints/ of respective Spoil materials (soil, sand, rock etc,) works Workers LAs generate during the construction health stage should be used wherever possible for site leveling g, back- filling etc with approval of CSC

Suitable dumping grounds/ land fill sites should be identified for excavated/surplus/descanted/demol ished or removed materials of existing structures before an y kind of clearing activity

The debris and spoil should be disposed in such a manner that;  Without blocking of waterways and drainage paths  The dispose materials should not be washed away by runoff  Debris should not dispose into any agriculture lands, marshlands, down slopes or any environmental sensitive areas  Avoid/ Minimize annoyance to general public and road users

Potential Mitigation Action Approximate Mitigation Institutional responsibility Indicators or Standards Environmental Environmental Location Cost Means of Parameters to Implementation Supervision Impact Verifications be Reflected in the EMoP 7. Extraction of Suitable quarry sites and Materials extraction Engineering Contractor RDA/ Visual GSMB Act. Water and air construction burrow sites identified within Cost CEA/LAs/GS inspection/Inc National quality materials areas should be identified at the area MB/PHI rease of vector Environment the initial stage of the project Bill No 9 breeding sites Act. Schedule of day Laws and Utilizing the existing mines and works rates regulations quarry sites available in the project 9.2 Equipment of respective influential areas, which are day works LAs. approved by GSMB or LAs, 9.3 Material day National operating with EPL and IML works Emission Standards If new quarries and sand mines and CEA are to be opened, prior approval water quality should be obtained from GSMB, standards CEA and LAs

Project’s quarries should not be located in any environmentally sensitive areas, in vicinity to archeological and cultural sites, religious places, schools and settlements

Quarries and borrow areas should meet aesthetic demands

Use of alternative source for the river sand such as screened crusher fines or sea sand

Restoration of the burrow pits by contractor or relevant authorities once after burrowing

Use of insecticide where appropriate (Vector breeding sites and surrounding areas)

Potential Mitigation Action Approximate Mitigation Institutional responsibility Indicators or Standards Environmental Environmental Location Cost Means of Parameters to Implementation Supervision Impact Verifications be Reflected in the EMoP 8. Construction materials will Roads which use for Engineering Contractor RDA/ Visual National Water and air Transportation not transportation of Cost CEA/LAs inspection/ Environment quality and storage exceed the carrying capacity of the construction Public health Act. of materials trucks, which use for the materials/ Bill No 9 Laws and transportation Storage yards Schedule of regulations day works of respective Avoid storage of construction rates LAs. materials beside the road, 9.2 Equipment National around water bodies, residential or day works Emission public sensitive locations 9.3 Material Standards day works and CEA Transport loading and unloading of water quality construction materials should not standards to cause nuisance to the people by way of noise, vibration and dust

Sand, rubble, mettle bitumen cement etc should be stored in covered areas to ensure protection from dust, emissions and such materials should be bundled in environment friendly and nuisance free manner

Potential Mitigation Action Approximate Mitigation Institutional responsibility Indicators or Standards Environmental Environmental Location Cost Means of Parameters to Implementation Supervision Impact Verifications be Reflected in the EMoP 9.Effect on Permit from LAs to use local Local roads Engineering Contractor RDA/ LAs Visual Laws and Air pollution local road roads Cost inspection regulations network prior to using the roads for Bill No 01 of respective transportation of construction Preliminary LAs. materials, machinery and and General National equipment etc items 1.1 Emission Traffic safety Standard The contractor should- ensure that control and transportation of construction maintenance materials by suppliers should not of existing be roads: exceeded the caring capacity of 103.2 (2) the local roads Routing Maintenance Maintenance of local roads of existing which are use for the construction road related activities Rs.135,000.0 0 and Bill No 10 Provisional sums 10.1 Traffic safety Control 103.2(1) Initial maintenance of existing road: Rs.100,000.0 0

10. Soil Placed erosion control Vulnerable areas to Engineering an d Contractor RDA/PIU/D Visual Technical Soil erosion erosion and measures such as fiber mats, soil erosion as environment oI inspection specification surface runoff gabions walls, rip raps and deep- follows: cost (Turbidity s rooted grasses etc to erodible areas Around Bolgoda lake and Soil and near temple Bill No 08 sedimentatio Conservatio Seedling with a fast growing Incidental n) n native species and seed mix Existing culvert Construction Act. immediately after fill placement points: 8.1Top Soiling and Construction in erosion and flood- grassing prone areas should be restricted 8.2 Rip rap to the dry season (excluding protection for December – February) embankment

Stabilization of embankment slopes protection and road cuts by re-vegetation and take up a turfing work as soon 8.3 Gabion as possible before rains walls and mattresses Treat clearing and fillin g using wire areas against flow acceleration and baskets construction work should be carefully designed to minimiz e obstruction or destruction to natural drainage

11. Effect on Contractor should avoid storage of Vulnerable areas – Engineering Contractor/ Design RDA/ Temporary Technical Water quality existing construction materials and Refer: Approximate cost consultant PIU/DoI floods/ specification drainage disposal of debris around irrigation locations : Stagnation of s given in canals, cross drainage and 10. Soil erosion and Bill No 05 water/ detail natural flow paths surface runoff Drainage Blockage of designs and 5.1 Road drainage hydrological Culverts and all other drainage side and investigation paths have to be appropriately lead away s designed by allowing sheath flow drains CEA water and without any blockages 5.3 quality Clearing standards Provide temporary drainage and facilities to construction sites while preparing of repairing and replacement of built-up obstructed drains and drainage structurally damage culverts/ system 5.4 Cleaning, de-silting and preparing of culverts

streams and irrigation canals have to be undertaken in the dry season Bill No 7 Bridges/Causew Minimize excavation of beds of an ays y streams, irrigation systems, and other water resources

Use of silt traps and erosion control measures where the construction carried out close proximity to the water bodies to avoid entering of cement, sand and other particle matters which cause turbidity and sedimentations

Storage of construction materials which are toxic, hazardous and containing other fine particles would be sited at least 500 from water bodies to avoid its contamination to water resources 13. Affect on Contractor will be taken Throughout the Environmental Contractor RDA/ DWC/ Visual Fauna and Faunal and flora and fauna necessary action to prevent his project road. Cost DoF inspection flora floral habitat work force from gathering fire wood Bill No 10: protection loss from surrounding habitats, Provisional Act. disturbing to the flora, fauna sums including hunting of animal and 10.2 fishing in water bodies Environmental Monitoring Plan All construction materials extraction sites, material processing plants, storage yards and construction vehicle service stations will b e

Proper awareness program regarding conservation of flora, fauna including ground vegetation to all drivers, operators and other workers

14. Disruption Provide an advance notice to local Construction Engineering RDA/ Local Traffic Motor None of traffic communities about the schedule of sites, public Cost Contractor police congestions/ Traffic Act. construction activities. sensitive location / public built up area Bill No 01 complain/ Installation of traffic waning signs, (Piliyandala Town) Preliminary and Accidents temporary traffic lights or general items flagman at the construction sites 1.1Traffic safety control and Provide safe and convenient maintenance of passage to vehicles, passengers existing roads: and livestock from the road side 103(1)Traffic safety control: Traffic management plan should Rs.240,000.00 implement close coordination with local communities/authorities and Bill No 10: police during construction Provisional sums If it is possible, contractors should 10:1 Traffic provide alternative roads during the Safety control construction. 102(2) provisions and maintenance of temporary diversion road Rs.500,000.00

15. Air quality Contractors shall- place crushers Throughout the road, Environment Contractor RDA/CEA Visual National Dust/ SO2, and hot mix plants at least 500 m material extraction Cost inspection/ Emission NO2, Pb from residential areas or other sites/processing public Standards social infrastructures (school, plants/public Bill No 10: complaint hospital/ religious places etc) sensitive location / Provisional built up area sums 10.2 Strictly implement a National (Piliyandala Town) Environmental Emission Standards for all Monitoring Plan construction vehicles, Refer: Approximate Rs.1,000,000.00 e quipment and material locations: processing plants 7. Extraction of construction Dust extraction unit should be materials fitted to the road side crushers, construction vehicles and hot mixed plants

Watering of the construction sites and roads which use for the transportation of construction materials in regular intervals

Placed dust barriers nearby schools, religious places, market etc

Use construction equipments, machinery and vehicles which are in good condition and regular maintenance

Potential Mitigation Action Approximate Mitigation Institutional responsibility Indicators or Standards Environmental Environmental Location Cost Means of Parameters to Implementation Supervision Impact Verifications be Reflected in the EMoP 16. Noise Strictly implement noise & Throughout the road, Environmental Contractor RDA/CEA Visual Noise Noise level and vibration vibration control regulations for all mining/ quarrying Cost inspection/ control construction vehicles and sites and public Bill No 10: public regulations equipment sensitive location / Provisional complaints in 1994 built up area sums Contractors should equip their (Piliyandala Town) 10.2 heavy construction equipment with Environmental exhaust silencers to limit the Refer: Approximate Monitoring Plan construction equipment not to locations: Rs.1,000,000.00 generate noise exceeding 75 db (compacters, loaders, vibratos and Extraction of cranes) construction materials Limit working time for activities that create noise only from 6.00 am to 6.00 pm except for construction site near schools, offices, religious places

Contractors should schedule their activities after discussing with the relevant authorities (school’s principals, high-priest)

Regularly maintain all constructio n vehicles and machinery to meet the National Emission Standards.

17. Personal Organize awareness program All construction sites, Engineering Contractor/Local RDA/PIU Number of Safety None safety regarding personal safety of mettle quarries, Cost police road regulations workers and general public close to public Preliminary and accidents/ sensitive locations/ general items Visual Establishment of road engineering narrow road sections 1.1Traffic safety inspection/ aspects to reduce the likelihood of control and and public accidents (warning signs, maintenance of complaints speed lim its markings, existing roads breakers and signals to particular 103(1): Traffic locations) safety control: Rs.240,000.00 Providing protective footwear, helmets, goggles, eye-shields and clothes to the workers depending on their duty (Mixing asphalt, blasting, handling equipments etc)

Arranging a first aid unit and transport facilities to take injured people to the nearest hospital

Use experience and well trained workers for the handling of machinery, equipment and material processing plants

18. Bridge Design for bridges should comply New construction of Engineering Contractor RDA/PIU Visual Safety None construction with the requirement of “Bridge bridge parallel to the Cost inspection/ regulations Design Manual” of RDA Kospalana Bridge Bill No 07 public Bridges/causew complaints Contractor should- provide safe and ays convenient passage or alternative access to road users

Ensure smooth traffic flow either by provision of temporary bridge or by phase construction

Potential Mitigation Action Approximate Mitigation Institutional responsibility Indicators or Standards Environmental Environmental Location Cost Means of Parameters to Implementation Supervision Impact Verifications be Reflected in the EMoP 19. Access Access to new public utilities should Throughout the road Cost Line agencies RDA None Based on None to Public be clearly marked within the estimated by RDA rules utilities road reservation RDA and regulations B. Operation stage 20. Routine checking and removal Throughout the road Labor cost RDA RDA Visual Based on None Encroachment of unauthorized structures from inspection RDA rules of the RoW RoW Bill No 9 and Schedule of regulation Implementation of rules and day work rates regulations is also needed to 9.1 Labour day be avoid encroachment of RoW works 21. Drainage Periodic clearing of side Throughout the road Maintenance RDA RDA Visual Technical Water quality congestions drains (specially before Cost inspection specification commencing of wet weather s seasons) and cross drainages to Bill No 1 facilitate proper passage to the Preliminary and rainwater before rain y season general items 1.1 Traffic safety control and maintenance of existing roads 103(2) Routing maintenance of existing road

Potential Mitigation Action Approximate Mitigation Institutional responsibility Indicators Standards Environmental Environmental Location Cost or Means of Parameters to Implementation Supervision Impact Verifications be Reflected in the EMoP 22. Road safety Enforcement of the speed limits, Particular locations Maintenance RDA/ Local police RDA/ Local Number of Traffic rules None traffic rules and regulations to the of the road Cost police road and public sensitive areas, Installation of accidents/ regulations the warning signs, marking of center Bill No1 Visual line, pedestrian crossings, bus 1.Traffic control inspection/ holts etc Rs.240,000.00 public complaints Bill No 6: Culverts retaining structures and bus bays 6.3 Bus bays: Rs.7,577,990.00

Bill No 08 Incidental Construction 8.6 Guard rails, guard walles and guard stones: Rs.344,840.00 8.7 Road markings: Rs.929,350.00 8.8 Traffic signs: Rs.713,750.00 8.9 Kilometer posts and boundary markers

23. Road Implementation of proper Throughout the road Maintenance RDA RDA Visual Based on None maintenance maintenance program Cost inspection RDA rules Bill No: and regulation 1Preliminary and general, 2.Routing maintenance: Rs135,000.00

Bill No 10 Provisional sums 10.9 Performance based maintenance: 122(6) Carrying Rs.2,000,000.00out test: Bill No 11 Performance based maintenance for 5 years Rs.7,047,000.00

Abbreviations CEA Central Environmental Authority EMP Environment Management Plan CEB Ceylon Electricity Board GSMB Geological Survey & Mines Bureau DoF Department of Forest LAA Land Acquisition Act DoI Department of Irrigation NWSDB National Water Supply and Drainage Board DS District Secretary NIRP National Involuntary Resettlement Plan DWLC Department of Wildlife and Conservation PIU Project Implementation Unit DoAS Department of Agrarian Services RDA Road Development Authority RoW Right of Way PHI Public Health Inspector RAP Resettlement Action Plan SLT Sri Lanka Telecom MOHRD Ministry of Highways and Road Development RAP Resettlement Action Plan PAP Project Affected Persons EPL Environmental Protection License IML Industrial Mining License

Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMOP) Moratuwa - Piliyandala (B295) Road

Environmental Project stage Parameters to be Location Frequency Standards Rate (Rs.) Total (Rs.) Implementation Supervision component monitored Per sample Per sample 1. Air Quality A. Pre construction SO2, NO2, CO, Kospelana Junction 2.62 Single NAAQS Rs. Rs. 50.000 RDA by engaging CEA stage Pb, PM10, km. Piliyandala town 5.11 of Sri Lanka 50,000 approved TSPM km. monitoring agency (GoSL) B. Construction SO2, NO2, CO, Kospelana Junction 2.62 Two NAAQS Rs. Rs. 100.000 Contractor by RDA, CEA Stage Pb, PM10, km. Piliyandala town 5.11 of Sri Lanka 50,000 engaging TSPM km. approved monitoring agency (GoSL) C. Operation Stage SO2, NO2, CO, Kospelana Junction 2.62 single NAAQS of Rs. Rs. 50.000 RDA by CEA Pb, PM10, km. Piliyandala town 5.11 Sri Lanka 50,000 approved TSPM km. monitoring agency (GoSL) 2. Water Quality A. Pre construction EC, TSS, DO, The place where road cross single National Rs. 20.000 Rs. 20.000 RDA by engaging CEA stage) BOD, pH Oil and the Bolgoda lake at 2.6 to 2.7 Water approved Grease, Pb, E. chainage Quality monitoring coli Standards agency (GoSL) B. Construction EC, TSS, DO, The place where road Three National Rs.20.000 Rs.60.000 Contractor by RDA, CEA Stage BOD, pH Oil and cross the Bolgoda lake Water engaging Grease, Pb, E. at 2.6 to 2.7 chainage Quality approved coli Standards monitoring agency (GoSL) C. Operation Stage EC, TSS, DO, The place where road Two National Rs.20.000 Rs.40.000 RDA by engaging CEA BOD, pH Oil and cross the Bolgoda lake Water approved Grease, Pb, E. at 2.6 to 2.7 chainage Quality monitoring coli Standards agency (GoSL) 3. Noise A. Pre Noise level Kospelana Junction 2.62 Single National Rs. 20.000 Rs. 20.000 RDA by engaging CEA construction stage (dB level) km. Piliyandala town 5.11 Environ approved km. mental monitoring (Noise agency (GoSL) Control) Regulations , NAAQS B. Construction Noise level Kospelana Junction 2.62 km. Two National Rs.20.000 Rs. 40. 000 Contractor by RDA, CEA Stage (dB level) Environ engaging mental approved

Environmental Project stage Parameters to be Location Frequency Standards Rate (Rs.) Total (Rs.) Implementation Supervision component monitored Per sample Per sample Piliyandala town 5.11 km. (Noise monitoring Control) agency (GoSL) Regulatio ns, NAAQS C. Operation Stage Noise level Kospelana Junction 2.62 Single National Rs. 20.000 Rs.20.000 RDA by CEA (dB level) km. Piliyandala town 5.11 Environ approved km. mental monitoring (Noise agency (GoSL) Control) Regulatio ns, NAAQS 4. Vibration A. Pre construction 1.Peak particle 1. Five location or more- single National Rs. Rs 30,000 RDA by engaging RDA (ESD), LA stage velocity Sensitive receptors such as Environmen 30,000 approved monitoring (EO) temple/hospital and school or tal (Noise & agency (GoSL) and Vibration 2. Selected building locations Control) Regulations B. Construction 1.Peak particle 1.Same locations of pre- Three times National Rs. Rs 90,000 RDA by engaging RDA (ESD), LA Stage velocity construction stage and or Environmen 30,000 approved monitoring (EO) 2.Selected other locations as tal (Noise & agency (GoSL) required Vibration Control) Regulations

C. Operation Stage 1.Peak particle 1.Same locations of pre- Two times National Rs. Rs 60,000 RDA by engaging RDA (ESD), LA velocity construction stage and or Environmen 30,000 approved monitoring (EO) 2.Selected other locations as tal (Noise & agency (GoSL) required Vibration Control) Regulations Flora & Fauna Pre construction stag e Existing fauna and Throughout the road and 1 times Flora and No need to - RDA (ESD) through RDA and or Construction flora affected area Fauna allocate money: appointed Ecologist Stage Protection act duty of the or Environmentalist Environmental Specialist of the CSC Team Total Cost Rs. 580,000.00

Note: SO2- -Sulphur Dioxide NO2- - Nitrogen Dioxide CO- Carbon Monoxide, Pb- Lead PM10- Particulate Matter <10 TSPM- Total suspended Particulate Matter EC- Electrical Conductivity DO- Dissolved Oxygen TSS- Total Suspended Solis BOD- Biological Oxygen Demand NAAQS- National Air Quality Standards NWQS- National Water Quality Standards CEA- Central Environmental Authority RDA- Road Development Authority GoSL- Government of Sri Lanka

Summary of Public Consultation- Moratuwa-Piliyandala (B295) Road

Stakeholders / Key Participants Institution Date of Issues Raised/ Concerns Measures Proposed Action Taken/ Individuals Consulted Designation Consultation Expressed Proposed Proposed Mr. Rexi Ramoned Fish Seller 350, Udyogi-Pura, 25/12/2012 Inadequate culvert mouth Apply appropriate Informed Suwarapola and leader ways make culverts and cleaning ESD/RDA for problems (Health and of the leader ways suitable action. Environmental) Reverent. Student, Udyogi-Pura, 25/12/2012 There were no safety signs, Apply good traffic Informed Wimalarathana Vijayarama Suwarapola speed controls as well as signs and safety ESD/RDA for Thero Temple dangers situation at the measures to the suitable action culvert location due to culvert areas absence of parapet wall Mr. C.P.G Fernando Grocery Owner 332, Udyogi-Pura, 25/12/2012 No proper drainage facility, Renew the road Informed Suwarapola therefore water stagnant drainage structures ESD/RDA for and malodour from drains suitable action Miss. K.L Thilakarathna, Fruit Seller 332/5 Udyogi- 25/12/2012 No proper parking facilities Providing parking width Informed Pura, Suwarapola for buyers to pedestrians as well ESD/RDA for as customers suitable action Mr. W.S Wijesena Curator of plant Udyogi-Pura, 25/12/2012 No proper drainage facility, Providing proper Informed stall Suwarapola therefore water stagnant drainage facilities ESD/RDA for and overflowing is common suitable action along the road Mr. P.W Samarasekara Businessmen 316/2A Deniya 25/12/2012 Road improvement will be applying of strong Informed PD(PIU) Junction, cause to smooth traffic flow traffic regulations to inform the Suwarapola than present and reduce the must be required after design engineers accident and misbehavior of road development to improve traffic drivers plans Mr. K.B Gamini Resident 7/2 B Bauddaloka 25/12/2012 There are no proper road Road widening Informed Mawatha, signs, pedestrian foot paths including road ESD/RDA for Suwarapola and parking facilities marking and apply suitable action vehicle parking strips along the road Miss V.L Udagedara Post Master Post office, 25/12/2012 Road improvement is must Apply vehicle parking, Informed Suwarapola be carried out bus shelters and ESD/RDA for traffic signs must be. suitable action Mr. U.D Piyasena Resident Suwarapola 25/12/2012 There is no vehicle parking Road widening and Informed Junction areas and It will be badly apply vehicle parking ESD/RDA for affected to business strips along the road suitable action