(Cips) Are Prepared by Researching Publicly Accessible Information Currently Available to the Refugee Documentation Centre Within Time Constraints

30 June 2013

Refugee Documentation Centre

Country Information Pack

Afghanistan

Disclaimer Country Information Packs (CIPs) are prepared by researching publicly accessible information currently available to the Refugee Documentation Centre within time constraints. CIPs contain a selection of representative links to sources under a number of categories for use as Country of Origin Information. Please note that CIPs are not, and do not purport to be, exhaustive with regard to conditions in the countries surveyed or conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or protection. The General Human Rights Reports category contains links to information which may be useful for a number of the other categories.

List of contents:

Asylum Seekers/IDPs/Internal Flight Conflict/Security Crime/Corruption Education General Human Rights Reports Government/Civil Society/Legal Systems Health Local Information/Languages/Culture/Customs Maps Minorities/Ethnic Groups Nationality/Citizenship/Residency Political Press/Media/Freedom of Expression Prisons/Detention/Torture/Slavery Religion/Cults State Protection

Women/Children/Family

List of Documents

1. Nationality/Citizenship/Residency

Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (8 January 2008) AFG102673.E Afghanistan Information on citizenship since the fall of the Taliban government (1996 – 2001) http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca:8080/RIR_RDI/RIR_RDI.aspx?id=451627&l=e

Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (18 December 2007) AFG102679.E Afghanistan Issuance of birth certificates and marriage certificates; types of documents required by the applicant in Afghanistan or in embassies to obtain official documents http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca:8080/RIR_RDI/RIR_RDI.aspx?id=451630&l=e

Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (28 February 2005) Pakistan/Afghanistan Whether an individual can be a citizen of both Pakistan and Afghanistan, particularly in the case of a person who was born in Pakistan to parents who are Afghan citizens (2005) http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=42df61d428

Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (24 September 2004) Afghanistan Whether a citizen of Afghanistan who had left the country in 1994 continues to retain his or her citizenship; if so, whether the spouse and children of such an individual, who are citizens of Ukraine, are able to access Afghan citizenship; if so, the procedure for acquisition of Afghan citizenship by spouses and children of Afghan citizens; whether the procedure is the same for males and females http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=42df608a14

Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (18 December 2007) AFG102680.E Afghanistan: Issuance of taskera (tazkira) inside or outside of Afghanistan; information contained in the document during the Taliban and post-Taliban period http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca:8080/RIR_RDI/RIR_RDI.aspx?id=451626&l=e

Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (18 December 2007) AFG102674.E Afghanistan The criteria and verifications used/established by passport offices in Afghanistan in order to issue a passport to individuals who do not possess identification http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca:8080/RIR_RDI/RIR_RDI.aspx?id=451628&l=e

Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (13 December 2007) AFG102678.E Afghanistan: Types of passports 1997-2007; issuance procedures, formats, colours, validity period http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca:8080/RIR_RDI/RIR_RDI.aspx?id=451629&l=e

Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (14 July 2006) AFG101176.E Afghanistan: National identity documents issued by government authorities that are currently in circulation in Afghanistan including passports, tazkiras, birth and marriage certificates, and the voter registration card; descriptions of these documents; the procedures and requirements under which holders obtain(ed) them; the dates of their introduction or last issuance (May 2006) http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca:8080/RIR_RDI/RIR_RDI.aspx?id=450345&l=e

Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (1 October 2003) Afghanistan: Identity documents carried by Afghan citizens; ease or difficulty in obtaining these documents http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=403dd224c

Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (20 July 2010) AFG103542.E Afghanistan: The words contained in the seal that overlaps the passport bearer's photograph on page 3 of the Afghan passport; whether these words vary from one passport to the next; places commonly listed under Place of Issue for passports issued in Kabul http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca:8080/RIR_RDI/RIR_RDI.aspx?id=453049&l=e

Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (16 December 2011) AFG103918.E Afghanistan: The issuance of tazkira certificates; whether individuals can obtain tazkiras while abroad http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca:8080/RIR_RDI/RIR_RDI.aspx?id=453739&l=e

Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (27 July 2010) ZZZ103544.E Afghanistan and the United States (US): Afghan citizens claiming asylum in the US; statistics on the rates of approval and rejection; types of claims; social and professional acceptance of Afghans in the US; difficulties encountered by Afghans in the US http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca:8080/RIR_RDI/RIR_RDI.aspx?id=453090&l=e

Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (16 September 2011) AFG103812.E Afghanistan: Description and samples of the Tazkira booklet and the Tazkira certificate; information on security features http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca:8080/RIR_RDI/RIR_RDI.aspx?id=453575&l=e

Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (1 February 2013) AFG104270.E Afghanistan: Passports, including issuance procedures within and outside Afghanistan; types of passports issued (2008-2012) http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca:8080/RIR_RDI/RIR_RDI.aspx?id=454379&l=e

Institute of War and Peace Reporting (3 February 2012) Tracking Down Shady Passport Trade in Afghanistan http://iwpr.net/report-news/tracking-down-shady-passport-trade-afghanistan

Institute of War and Peace Reporting (12 January 2012) Passports for Sale in Afghanistan http://iwpr.net/report-news/passports-sale-afghanistan

Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (2005) Law of Citizenship http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain/?docid=42d63de34

Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (4 January 2004) Constitution of Afghanistan http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=404d8a594

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (9 February 2012) Afghans Accuse Authorities Of Passport Scam http://www.rferl.org/articleprintview/24478926.html

2. Maps

Afghanistan Information Management Services1 (11 July 2007) Kunduz City Map http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/FEB950D14F851469852573240 077A399-aims_OPS_afg070711.pdf

Afghanistan Information Management Services (30 April 2007) Hirat City Map http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/F91ED6ACD86F8703852572EC 0066C323-aims_REF_afg070401b.pdf

Afghanistan Information Management Services (30 April 2007) Jalalabad City Map http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/E766710AA43450B3852572EC0 0672FFE-aims_REF_afg070401.pdf

Afghanistan Information Management Services (1 July 2002) Kabul City Map http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/95E2CD337F8CB207C1256F2D 00480014-aims_afg100203.pdf

Afghanistan Information Management Services (1 July 2003) Kandahar City Map http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/D6C2CBA112857F3AC1256F2D 004849F7-aims_afgkand060803.pdf

Afghanistan Information Management Services (1 January 2004) Central Region Map http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/CCBEB6A056C1447BC1256F2D 00484BD9-aims_cntrlreg_afg010104.pdf

Afghanistan Information Management Services (1 January 2004) North East Region Map http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/84EA71C7CBF78A30C1256F2D 00484BDB-aims_nrtheastreg_afg010104.pdf

Afghanistan Information Management Services (1 January 2004) Southern Region Map http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/2734EDE4E2BFF4ABC1256F2D 00484BDF-aims_sthrnreg_afg010104.pdf Afghanistan Information Management Services (1 January 2004) East Central Region Map

4 http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/464003C6B16BEB4FC1256F2D 00484BDC-aims_estcntrlreg_afg010104.pdf

Afghanistan Information Management Services (1 June 2004) Western Region Map http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/F03349E1F132DD6FC1256F2D 00484BDE-aims_wstrnreg_afg010104.pdf

UN Cartographic Section (October 2005) Afghanistan http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/afghanis.pdf

3. Local Information/Language/Culture/Customs

Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (AREU) (April 2013) The A to Z Guide to Afghanistan Assistance 2013 http://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/A%20to%20Z%202013%20Final_web% 20version.pdf

BBC News (31 March 2013) Timeline: Afghanistan http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-12024253

Britannica online (2008) Daily Life and Social Customs http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/7798/Afghanistan/226137/Daily-life-and- social-customs

CIA (22 April 2013) The World Factbook – Afghanistan https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/af.html

Ethnologue: Languages of the World (2005) Languages of Afghanistan http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=AF

Kwintesstial (Date Unknown) Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/afghanistan.html

United Kingdom Foreign and Commonwealth Office (24 August 2012) Country Profile: Afghanistan http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/country- profile/asia-oceania/afghanistan/

United Kingdom Foreign and Commonwealth (30 April 2013) Afghanistan Travel Advice http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/asia- oceania/afghanistan

UNHCR (2013) 2013 UNHCR country operations profile - Afghanistan http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/page?page=49e486eb6&submit=GO

United States Department of State (Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs) (6 September 2012) Fact Sheet: U.S. Relations With Afghanistan http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5380.htm

United States Library of Congress, Federal Research Division (August 2008) Country Profile: Afghanistan http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Afghanistan.pdf

4. General Human Rights Reports

Amnesty International (24 May 2012) Afghanistan "Annual Report 2013 - The State of the World's Human Rights" http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/afghanistan/report-2013

Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission (2011) Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission Annual Report 1389 (2010-2011) http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/4eb92b612.pdf

Freedom House (16 March 2013) Freedom in the World 2013 http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2013/afghanistan-0

Human Rights Watch (31 January 2013) Afghanistan: "World Report 2013" http://www.hrw.org/world-report/2013/country-chapters/afghanistan?

United Kingdom Border Agency (15 February 2013) Country of Origin Information Report – Afghanistan http://www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk/sitecontent/documents/policyandlaw/coi/afghanis tan/report-feb.pdf?view=Binary

United Kingdom Foreign and Commonwealth Office (April 2013) Human Rights and Democracy: The 2012 Foreign & Commonwealth Office Report - Section IX: Human Rights in Countries of Concern - Afghanistan http://www.hrdreport.fco.gov.uk/human-rights-in-countries-of- concern/afghanistan/?showall=1

UN Human Rights Council (28 January 2013) Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on situation of human rights in Afghanistan http://www.refworld.org/publisher,UNHRC,,AFG,5113aeeb2,0.html

United States Department of State - Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor (19 April 2013) 2012 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - Afghanistan http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/204605.pdf

5. Conflict/Security

Afghanistan Analysts Network (4 June 2013) Spring Offensive 2: Civilian casualties https://www.afghanistan-analysts.net/index.asp?id=3438

Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (January 2012) Thirty Years of Conflict: Drivers of Anti-Government Mobilisation in Afghanistan, 1978-2011

6 http://areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1203E- Drivers%20of%20Conflict%20IP%202012.pdf

Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (9 January 2012) Healing the Legacies of Conflict in Afghanistan http://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1201E- Healing%20the%20Legacies%20of%20Conflict%20in%20Afghanistan%20SP%2020 11.pdf

Amnesty International (9 April 2013) Afghanistan: Urgent need to protect civilians following fresh attacks http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/afghanistan-urgent-need-protect-civilians-following- fresh-attacks-2013-04-09

Amnesty International (22 June 2012) Afghanistan: Attack on hotel shows Taleban’s disregard for civilian life http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/afghanistan-attack-hotel-shows-taleban-s- disregard-civilian-life-2012-06-22

Amnesty International (12 March 2012) Kandahar massacre: International forces must increase protection of Afghan civilians http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/kandahar-massacre-international-forces-must- increase-protection-afghan-civilians-2012-03-12

BBC News (6 April 2013) Afghanistan bomb kills Nato personnel in Zabul http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-22051858?print=true

BBC News (11 March 2013) What lies behind Afghanistan's insider attacks? http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-19633418?print=true

Central Asia-Caucasus Institute (20 February 2013) Nato In Afghanistan – New Commander, Same Challenges http://old.cacianalyst.org/?q=node/5928/print

Central Asia-Caucasus Institute (8 February 2012) What Happens After The U.S. Leaves Afghanistan? http://www.cacianalyst.org/?q=node/5709

Centre for Strategic and International Studies (28 March 2013) The Afghan War In 2013; Meeting The Challenges Of Transition – Volume III; Security And The ANSF http://csis.org/files/publication/130327_afghan_war_in_2013_vol_III.pdf

Centre for Strategic and International Studies (26 March 2013) The Afghan War In 2013 Meeting The Challenges Of Transition – Volume 1 The Challenges Of Leadership And Governance http://csis.org/files/publication/130326_afghan_war_in_2013_vol_I.pdf

Centre for Strategic and International Studies (4 September 2012) Coalition, Ansf, and Civilian Casualties In The Afghan Conflict From 2001 Through August 2012 http://csis.org/files/publication/120904_Afghan_Iraq_Casulaties.pdf

European Asylum Support Office (EASO) (December 2012) Afghanistan Insurgent strategies intimidation and targeted violence http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/90_1354794367_easo-2012-12-afghanistan- insurgents.pdf

European Asylum Support Office (EASO) (July 2012) Afghanistan Taliban Strategies –Recruitment http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/2016_1341994768_bz3012564enc-complet-en.pdf

Institute for War and Peace Reporting (11 June 2013) Iran Flexes Muscles With Taleban Meeting http://iwpr.net/print/report-news/iran-flexes-muscles-taleban-meeting

Institute for War and Peace Reporting (4 June 2013) Helmand Hit by Summer Fighting http://iwpr.net/report-news/helmand-hit-summer-fighting

International Crisis Group (8 October 2012) Afghanistan: The Long, Hard Road To The 2014 Transition http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/asia/south-asia/afghanistan/236- afghanistan-the-long-hard-road-to-the-2014-transition.pdf

International Crisis Group (26 March 2012) Talking About Talks: Toward A Political Settlement In Afghanistan http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/asia/south-asia/afghanistan/221-talking- about-talks-toward-a-political-settlement-in-afghanistan.pdf

IRIN News (18 April 2013) Afghanistan - the world’s most dangerous place for aid workers http://www.irinnews.org/printreport.aspx?reportid=97874

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (5 May 2013) Eight NATO Troops Killed In Afghanistan http://www.rferl.org/articleprintview/24976930.html

UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (19 February 2013) Afghanistan Annual Report 2012 Protection Of Civilians In Armed Conflict http://unama.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=K0B5RL2XYcU%3D&tabid=12 254&

UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (July 2012) Afghanistan Mid-Year Report 2012 Protection Of Civilians In Armed Conflict http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/AF/UNAMAMidYearReport2012.pdf

UN Human Rights Council (9 April 2013) Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Christof Heyns http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/RegularSession/Session23/A -HRC-23-47_en.pdf

UN Human Rights Council (14 June 2010) Afghanistan: "Report of the Working Group on the use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination; Chairperson-Rapporteur: Shaista Shameem; Addendum; Mission to Afghanistan [A/HRC/15/25/Add.2]" http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/470_1282657142_g1014357.pdf

UN Security Council (13 June 2013) The situation in Afghanistan and its implications for international peace and security Report of the Secretary-General http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1226_1371648519_afg2013-6.pdf

United States Department of Defense (December 2012) Report on Progress Toward Security and Stability in Afghanistan http://www.defense.gov/news/1230_Report_final.pdf

United States Department of State (30 May 2013) Afghanistan: "Country Report on Terrorism 2012 - Chapter 2 - Afghanistan" http://www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/crt/2012/209983.htm

6. Minorities/Ethnic Groups

Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (28 July 2011) AFG103757.E Afghanistan: Situation and treatment of the Hazara people (June 2010-June 2011) http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca:8080/RIR_RDI/RIR_RDI.aspx?id=453535&l=e

IRIN News (23 November 2010) Afghanistan: Kuchi minority complain of marginalization http://www.irinnews.org/Report/91172/AFGHANISTAN-Kuchi-minority-complain-of- marginalization

Minority Rights Group International (28 June 2012) State of the World's Minorities and Indigenous Peoples 2012 http://www.minorityrights.org/11374/state-of-the-worlds-minorities/state-of-the- worlds-minorities-and-indigenous-peoples-2012.html

Minority Rights Group International (February 2008) World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Afghanistan: Hazaras, (last updated) http://www.minorityrights.org/?lid=5440

Minority Rights Group international (2012) State of the World’s Minorities 2012 – People under Threat and Asia http://www.minorityrights.org/11337/peoples-under-threat/peoples-under-threat- 2012.html

Minority Rights Group International (Undated) World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Afghanistan: Pashtun, (last updated) http://www.minorityrights.org/?lid=5433

Minority Rights Group International (Undated) World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Afghanistan: Kuchis, (last updated)

9 http://www.minorityrights.org/?lid=5444

Minority Rights Group International (Undated) World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Afghanistan: Uzbeks and Turkmen, (last updated) http://www.minorityrights.org/?lid=5442

Minority Rights Group International (Undated) World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Afghanistan: Tajiks, (last updated) http://www.minorityrights.org/?lid=5434

Minority Rights Group International (Undated) World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Afghanistan: Aimaq http://www.minorityrights.org/?lid=5452

Minority Rights Group International (February 2008) World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Afghanistan: Baluchis http://www.minorityrights.org/?lid=5446

Minority Rights Group International (Undated) World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Afghanistan: Nuristanis http://www.minorityrights.org/?lid=5448

Minority Rights Group International (Undated) World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Afghanistan: Panjshiri http://www.minorityrights.org/?lid=5450

Norwegian Country of Origin Information Centre (Landinfo) (1 November 2011) Afghanistan: Blood feuds, traditional law (pashtunwali) and traditional conflict resolution http://www.landinfo.no/asset/1940/1/1940_1.pdf

Norwegian Country of Origin Information Centre (Landinfo) (1 November 2011) Afghanistan: The conflict between Hazaras and Kuchis in the Beshud Districts of Wardak Province http://www.landinfo.no/asset/2057/1/2057_1.pdf

7. Religion/Cults

BBC News (25 February 2012) Afghanistan Koran protests: UN compound in Kunduz set alight http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-17163315

Institute for War & Peace Reporting (23 February 2012) Afghan Anger Over Koran Burning http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/210986/316841_en.html

South Asian Human Rights Documentation Centre (3 February 2012) Harassment of Sikhs in Afghanistan http://www.hrdc.net/sahrdc/hrfeatures/HRF219.pdf

United States Department of State (30 July 2012) Afghanistan: International Religious Freedom Report for 2011 http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/193129.pdf

United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (30 April 2013) Annual Report 2013 http://www.uscirf.gov/images/2013%20USCIRF%20Annual%20Report%20%282%2 9.pdf

8. Political

Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (February 2013) Land, People, and the State in Afghanistan: 2002 - 2012 http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1226_1362566796_1303e-land-ii-cs-feb-2013.pdf

Afghanistan Research and Evaluation (July 2012) Fixing Afghanistan’s Electoral System http://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1211E- Fixing%20Afghanistans%20Electoral%20System%20BP%202012.pdf

Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (March 2012) Equal Rights, Unequal Opportunities Women’s Participation in Afghanistan’s Parliamentary and Provincial Council Elections http://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1205E- Equal%20Rights%20Unequal%20Opportunities%20SP%202012.pdf

Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (May 2011) Deconstructing "Democracy" in Afghanistan http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1226_1305190777_1110e-deconstructing- democracy-in-afghanistan-sp-2010.pdf

Afghanistan Ministry of Justice (Undated) List of Licensed Political Parties http://moj.gov.af/en/page/1699

Central Asia – Caucasus Institute (8 February 2012) Afghanistan: "What Happens After The U.S. Leaves Afghanistan?" http://www.cacianalyst.org/?q=node/5709

Centre for Strategic and International Studies (23 January 2013) Afghanistan: Meeting the Real World Challenges of Transition http://csis.org/files/publication/130123_Afghan_Meeting_Challenges_Transition.pdf

Centre for Strategic and International Studies (19 June 2012) Afghanistan from 2012-2014: Is A Successful Transition Possible? http://csis.org/files/publication/120619_Afghan_Transition.pdf

Centre for Strategic and International Studies (April 2012) Political Governance and Strategy in Afghanistan

11 http://csis.org/files/publication/120426_Lamb_PolGovernanceAfgha_Web.pdf

Centre for Strategic and International Studies (17 January 2012) Negotiating with the Taliban: Six Critical Conditions that Must Be Met to Avoid Another “Peace to End All Peace” http://csis.org/files/publication/120117_Talking_to_the_Taliban.pdf

International Crisis Group (26 June 2013) Afghanistan’s Parties in Transition http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/asia/south-asia/afghanistan/b141- afghanistans-parties-in-transition.aspx

Institute for War & Peace Reporting (19 January 2012) Afghan Constitution More Breached Than Honoured http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/209866/315562_en.html

Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (2005) Electoral Law http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=42d63a1b4

Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (4 January 2004) Constitution of Afghanistan http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=404d8a594

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (4 October 2012) Afghan President Says 2014 Election Will Be On Time http://www.rferl.org/articleprintview/24728941.html

9. State Protection (for State Protection of Particular Groups, see the relevant section)

Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (9 January 2012) Healing the Legacies of Conflict in Afghanistan Community Voices on Justice, Peace and Reconciliation http://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1201E- Healing%20the%20Legacies%20of%20Conflict%20in%20Afghanistan%20SP%2020 11.pdf

Austrian Centre of Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation (13 January 2012) Afghanistan: "a-7849 (ACC-AFG-7849)" http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/response_en_208377.html

Human Rights Watch (25 April 2013) Afghanistan: Urgent Need for Safe Facilities for Female Police http://www.hrw.org/print/news/2013/04/25/afghanistan-urgent-need-safe-facilities- female-police

Human Rights Watch (16 May 2012) Afghanistan: Joint Letter on Civilian Protection During Security Transition

12 http://www.hrw.org/news/2012/05/16/afghanistan-joint-letter-civilian-protection- during-security-transition

Human Rights Watch (10 January 2012) Afghanistan: Decree Increases Detainees’ Risk of Torture http://www.hrw.org/print/news/2012/01/10/afghanistan-decree-increases-detainees- risk-torture

IRIN News (14 June 2012) Fears of northern violence after drawdown http://www.irinnews.org/report/95648/AFGHANISTAN-Fears-of-northern-violence- after-drawdown

International Crisis Group (29 June 2011) The Growing Danger in Kabul http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/asia/south-asia/afghanistan/growing-danger-in- kabul.aspx

Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (30 December 2011) AFG103923.E Afghanistan: The capacity of the Taliban to pursue individuals after they relocate to another region; their capacity to track individuals over the long term http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca:8080/RIR_RDI/RIR_RDI.aspx?id=453759&l=e

Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (23 December 2011) AFG103924.E Afghanistan: Situation of Afghan citizens who work for non-governmental organizations (NGOs) or international aid organizations; whether they are targeted by the Taliban; attacks against schools and incidents of violence against students, teachers, and the educational sector http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca:8080/RIR_RDI/RIR_RDI.aspx?id=453740&l=e

Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (1 October 2010) Afghanistan: "Whether Taliban members target the family members of high-ranking government officials; whether there are security systems in place to protect the relatives of high-ranking government officials, including state protection and private security operations [AFG103587.E]" http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca:8080/RIR_RDI/RIR_RDI.aspx?id=453169&l=e

Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (6 January 2011) AFG103647.E Afghanistan: Situation of warlords in Afghanistan, including state response to regional warlord control (2007 - 2010) Research Directorate, Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Ottawa http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca:8080/RIR_RDI/RIR_RDI.aspx?id=453291&l=e

Institute for War & Peace Reporting (17 April 2012) Afghan Forces Criticised After Kabul Battles http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/214277/320542_en.html

New York Times (10 March 2012) Security Fears Lead Groups to Rethink Work in Afghanistan http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/11/world/asia/afghan-anger-and-security-changes- imperil-aid- groups.html?_r=1&scp=3&sq=Afghanistan:%20state%20protection&st=cse

UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (19 February 2012) "Annual Report 2012 Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict" http://unama.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=K0B5RL2XYcU%3D&tabid=12 254&

UNHCR (11 May 2011) "Afghanistan Protection Cluster: Protection Overview (Northern and North-Eastern Region - 2010)" http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1226_1305723532_4dd21fe52.pdf

UNHCR (17 December 2010) Afghanistan: "UNHCR Eligibility Guidelines for Assessing the International Protection Needs of Asylum-Seekers from Afghanistan" http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1226_1292833154_4d0b55c92.pdf

UN Human Rights Council (18 January 2012) Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the human rights situation in Afghanistan and technical assistance achievements in the field of human rights* http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1930_1329383883_a-hrc-19-47-en.pdf

10. Government/Civil Society/Legal Systems

Afghanistan Analysts Network (3 March 2013) The Other Guantanamo 4: The Final Handover of Bagram in Sight? - Kate Clark http://www.aan-afghanistan.org/index.asp?id=3278

Afghanistan Analysts Network (10 September 2012) The Other Guantanamo’: Bagram and the Struggle for Sovereignty – Kate Clarke http://aan-afghanistan.com/index.asp?id=2980

Afghanistan Analysts Network (28 June 2012) The IEC proposal to move to a mixed electoral system - Thomas Ruttig http://www.aan-afghanistan.org/index.asp?id=2835

Afghanistan Analysts Network (19 May 2012) Transition and Peace Talks: Optimism and Confidence in Herat? https://www.afghanistan-analysts.net/index.asp?id=2773

Afghanistan Analysts Network (1 December 2011) The International Community's Engagement in Afghanistan beyond 2014 http://aan-afghanistan.com/index.asp?id=2290

Afghanistan NGO Safety Office (April 2013) ANSO Quarterly Data Report Q.1 2013; Jan 1st - Mar 31st 2013 http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1226_1366715966_anso-20q1-202013.pdf

Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (January 2013) All Bets are Off; Prospects for (B)reaching Agreements and Drug Control in Helmand and Nangarhar in the run up to Transition

14 http://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1302%20Opium%2023%20Jan-Final.pdf

Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (16 October 2012) Land Governance at the Crossroads: A Review of Afghanistan's Proposed New Land Management Law http://www.areu.org.af/EditionDetails.aspx?EditionId=600&ContentId=7&ParentId=7 &Lang=en-US

Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (July 2012) Fixing Afghanistan’s Electoral System http://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1211E- Fixing%20Afghanistans%20Electoral%20System%20BP%202012.pdf

Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (January 2012) Thirty Years of Conflict: Drivers Of Anti-Government Mobilisation in Afghanistan, 1978-2011 http://www.areu.org.af/EditionDetails.aspx?EditionId=573&ContentId=7&ParentId=7

Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (July 2011) Afghanistan: "District Councils: The Missing Middle of Local Governance - Proceedings from an AREU Roundtable Discussion, 27 June 2011" http://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1118E- District%20Councils%20Roundtable.pdf

Amnesty International (4 September 2012) Afghanistan: Defer parliamentary vote on appointment of National Security Director http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA11/015/2012/en/f6889065-b18e-4e7f- 9e1e-884c6d34c45b/asa110152012en.html

Center for Strategic and International Studies (26 March 2013) The Afghan War In 2013; Meeting The Challenges Of Transition – Volume 1; The Challenges Of Leadership And Governance http://csis.org/files/publication/130326_afghan_war_in_2013_vol_I.pdf

Center for Strategic and International Studies (20 July 2012) Afghanistan: The Failing Economics Of Transition - Anthony H. Cordesman and Sean T. Mann http://csis.org/files/publication/120720_Afghan_Failing_Econ_Trans.pdf

Center for Strategic and International Studies (9 February 2012) Afghanistan: The Failed Metrics of Ten Years of War http://csis.org/files/publication/120209_Afghanistan_Failed_Metrics.pdf

Center for Strategic and International Studies (17 January 2012) Negotiating with the Taliban: Six Critical Conditions that Must Be Met to Avoid Another “Peace to End All Peace” http://csis.org/files/publication/120117_Talking_to_the_Taliban.pdf

Congressional Research Service (4 January 2013) Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/202879.pdf

International Crisis Group (26 March 2012) Talking About Talks: Toward a Political Settlement in Afghanistan http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/asia/south-asia/afghanistan/221-talking-about- talks-toward-a-political-settlement-in-afghanistan.aspx

International Crisis Group (28 April 2011) Rule of Law and the Justice System in Afghanistan http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/publication-type/speeches/2011/rule-of-law-and-the- justice-system-in-afghanistan.aspx

International Council on Security and Development (formerly: Senlis Council) (February 2011) Afghanistan Transition Dangers of a Summer Drawdown http://www.icosgroup.net/static/reports/afghanistan_dangers_drawdown.pdf

Institute for War & Peace Reporting (23 April 2013) Afghanistan: Praise for New Civic Group in Helmand http://iwpr.net/print/report-news/afghanistan-praise-new-civic-group-helmand

Institute for War & Peace Reporting (25 September 2012) Highway Robbery on Major Afghan Road http://iwpr.net/print/report-news/highway-robbery-major-afghan-road

Institute for War & Peace Reporting (17 February 2012) Doubts Over Afghan Police Loyalties http://iwpr.net/print/report-news/doubts-over-afghan-police-loyalties

UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (7 June 2010) Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under articles 16 and 17 of the Covenant Concluding observations of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Afghanistan http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1788_1332870109_afgh.pdf

UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (9 July 2009) Afghanistan: "Implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; Second to fourth periodic reports submitted by States parties under articles 16 and 17 of the Covenant; Afghanistan [E/C.12/AFG/2-4]" http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1228_1267091518_afghanistan.pdf

11. Press/Media/Freedom of Expression

Amnesty International (11 May 2012) Afghan Journalist Freed http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA11/010/2012/en/020a8f3a-7b0e-4479- 85b5-f33b9eebbf15/asa110102012en.pdf

Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA), (23 February 2012) An Explosion of News: The State of Media in Afghanistan http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Full_Report_3657.pdf

Freedom House (20 December 2012) Afghanistan: "Freedom of the Press 2012” http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2012/afghanistan

Institute for War and Peace Reporting (3 May 2013) Afghan Media: Free Agents or Obedient Servants? http://iwpr.net/print/report-news/afghan-media-free-agents-or-obedient-servants

Institute for War and Peace Reporting (9 August 2012) Afghan Journalists Alarmed by Media Decree http://iwpr.net/report-news/afghan-journalists-alarmed-media-decree

Institute for War and Peace Reporting (11 February 2012) Lack of Internet Cuts Off Afghan Province http://iwpr.net/report-news/lack-internet-cuts-afghan-province

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (21 May 2013) Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty http://www.rferl.org/articleprintview/24992970.html

UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (19 May 2013) Stand by Us Says Afghan Women’s Journalists’ Association http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/single- view/news/stand_by_us_says_afghan_womens_journalists_association/

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (10 September 2012) Legal Proceedings Brought Against Afghan TV Channels http://www.rferl.org/articleprintview/24703805.html

Reporters Without Borders (25 April 2013) Journalists still targeted by violence, threats and censorship http://en.rsf.org/afghanistan-journalist-still-targeted-by-24-04-2013,44424.html

Reporters Without Borders (6 March 2013) Afghan government urged to guarantee journalists’ safety http://en.rsf.org/afghanistan-afghan-government-urged-to-06-03-2013,44167.html

Reporters Without Borders (13 June 2012) News outlets prosecuted for reporting that Iran bribed parliamentarians http://en.rsf.org/afghanistan-news-outlets-prosecuted-for-13-06-2012,42779.html

Reporters Without Borders (29 May 2012) Journalist wounded in blast at offices of Dunya Radio http://en.rsf.org/afghanistan-journalist-wounded-in-blast-at-29-05-2012,42687.html

12. Women/Children/Family

Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (June 2012) The Impact of Microfinance Programmes on Women’s Lives: A Case Study in Balkh Province http://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1210E- Womens%20Participation%20MFI%20Balkh%20CS%202012.pdf

Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (March 2012) Does Women’s Participation in the National Solidarity Programme Make a Difference in their Lives? http://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1204E%20Womens%20Participation%2 0NSP%20Balkh%20CS%202012.pdf

Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (March 2011) Afghanistan: "Community- Based Dispute Resolution Processes in Kabul City" http://areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1107E- CBDR%20Processes%20in%20Kabul%20City%20CS%202011%20web.pdf

ACCORD (6 May 2013) Afghanistan: 1) Divorce of marriage (compliance with Islamic law, conditions under which husband can initiate divorce, conditions under which wife can initiate divorce); 2) Polygamous marriage (conditions under which man can marry more than one wife; role and duties of first wife) A-8387 http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/247078/357244_en.html

Amnesty International (30 April 2013) Afghanistan: Woman killed for “dishonouring” family http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/afghanistan-woman-killed-dishonouring-family- 2013-04-30

BBC News (10 June 2013) Afghan Taliban 'behead two boys in Kandahar' http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/22842512?print=true

Child Rights Information Network (19 June 2013) Legal Briefing On Children's Rights In Afghanistan http://www.crin.org/docs/Legal_Status_of_the_Child_Afghanistan.pdf

EurasiaNet (7 January 2012) Afghan Newlywed Girl Rescued From Torture http://www.eurasianet.org/print/64802

The Guardian (UK) (24 February 2013) Afghanistan's first female mayor proves critics wrong http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/feb/24/afghanistan-first-female-mayor/print

The Guardian (UK) (23 January 2013) Afghan rape victim 'attacked again by government workers protecting her' http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jan/23/afghan-rape-victim-attacked- government/print

Human Rights Watch (21 May 2013) Afghanistan: Surge in Women Jailed for 'Moral Crimes' http://www.hrw.org/print/news/2013/05/21/afghanistan-surge-women-jailed-moral- crimes

Human Rights Watch (10 February 2013) Afghanistan: Don’t Prosecute Sexually Assaulted Children http://www.hrw.org/print/news/2013/02/09/afghanistan-don-t-prosecute-sexually- assaulted-children

Human Rights Watch (18 September 2012) Afghanistan: Free Women Jailed for ‘Running Away’ http://www.hrw.org/news/2012/09/18/afghanistan-free-women-jailed-running-away

Human Rights Watch (8 March 2012) Are Afghan women better off after a decade of war? http://www.hrw.org/print/news/2012/03/08/are-afghan-women-better-after-decade- war

Human Rights Watch (March 2012) “I Had To Run Away” The Imprisonment of Women and Girls for “Moral Crimes” in Afghanistan http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/afghanistan0312webwcover_0.pdf

Inter Press Services (17 May 2013) Afghan Women Harassed into Unemployment - Shelly Kittleson http://www.ipsnews.net/2013/05/afghan-women-harassed-into-unemployment/

Institute for War and Peace Reporting (26 March 2013) In Afghan Child Abuse Cases, Victims Go to Jail http://iwpr.net/print/report-news/afghan-child-abuse-cases-victims-go-jail

Institute for War and Peace Reporting (18 October 2012) Afghan Girls Miss Years of Schooling in Nangarhar http://iwpr.net/report-news/afghan-girls-miss-years-schooling-nangarhar

Institute for War and Peace Reporting (5 October 2012) Women Traded to End Afghan Feuds http://iwpr.net/report-news/women-traded-end-afghan-feuds

Institute for War and Peace Reporting (17 February 2012) Unreported Suicides in Central Afghan Province http://iwpr.net/print/report-news/unreported-suicides-central-afghan-province

Institute for War and Peace Reporting (10 February 2012) Afghan Children Ensnared in Heroin Trade With Iran http://iwpr.net/print/report-news/afghan-children-ensnared-heroin-trade-irans

Institute for War and Peace Reporting (13 January 2012) Women's Literacy Makes Headway in Afghan West http://iwpr.net/print/report-news/womens-literacy-makes-headway-afghan-west

IRIN News (12 March 2013) Analysis: Afghan women navigate a challenging judicial landscape http://www.irinnews.org/printreport.aspx?reportid=97631

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (7 March 2013) Afghan Women Rally For Rights In Kabul http://www.rferl.org/articleprintview/24922143.html

Reuters (21 April 2013) Afghan girls' school feared hit by poison gas http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/04/21/us-afghanistan-poisoning- idUSBRE93K09V20130421

Reuters (22 March 2012) Women on Afghan peace council say they are sidelined http://www.reuters.com/assets/print?aid=USBRE82L0FP20120322

UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF) (January 2012) The State of the World’s Children 2012 - Children in an Urban World http://www.unicef.org/sowc/files/SOWC_2012-Main_Report_EN_21Dec2011.pdf

UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) (December 2012) Still a Long Way to Go: Implementation of the Law on Elimination of Violence against Women in Afghanistan http://unama.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=Qy9mDiEa5Rw%3D&ta

UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) (May 2010) Afghanistan: "Visit of the Special Representative for Children & Armed Conflict to Afghanistan" http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1226_1285621904_may22010-publicationsrsg-caac- afghanistan-mission-report.pdf

UN News Service (3 October 2012) UN welcomes statement by Afghanistan confirming ‘running away’ is not a crime http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=43207&Cr=afghan&Cr1

UN Security Council (3 February 2011) Report of the Secretary-General on children and armed conflict in Afghanistan http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/4d6238044.pdf

United States Department of Labor (26 September 2012) 2011 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor – Afghanistan http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/506594060.pdf

United States Department of State (19 June 2013) Afghanistan: "Trafficking in Persons Report 2013" http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/210738.pdf

13. Prisons/Detention/Torture/Slavery

Amnesty International (8 March 2013) Afghanistan: Bagram prison transfer raises torture concerns http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA11/002/2013/en/afb202d8-e396-491c- a81f-df2feef815a2/asa110022013en.pdf

Amnesty International (10 September 2012) Afghanistan: Torture fear over US transfer of detainees held at Bagram http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA11/016/2012/en/c29a3ba7-8a9c-422c- bfd3-e6f833b6fd26/asa110162012en.pdf

Amnesty International (5 October 2011) Afghanistan ten years on: Slow progress and failed promises http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA11/006/2011/en/76e1959a-b38f-45d8- ac8b-5cfbd9af2b9a/asa110062011en.pdf

BBC News (21 May 2013) More Afghan women jailed for 'moral crimes', says HRW http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-22614536?print=true

BBC News (23 March 2013) US army hands over Bagram prison to Afghanistan http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-21922047?print=true

BBC News (20 January 2013) UN report: Torture in Afghan prisons is 'widespread' http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-21110432?print=true

BBC News (8 June 2012) Many escape from Afghan prison after Taliban attack http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-18365910?print=true

BBC News (16 May 2012) Afghan detainee wins right to challenge transfer http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-18076734?print=true

Human Rights Watch (21 May 2013) “I Had To Run Away”; The Imprisonment of Women and Girls for “Moral Crimes” in Afghanistan http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/afghanistan0312webwcover_0.pdf

Human Rights Watch (10 September 2012) Rewarding Afghanistan’s torturers? - Brad Adams http://www.hrw.org/print/news/2012/09/10/rewarding-afghanistan-s-torturers

Human Rights Watch (10 January 2012) Afghanistan: Decree Increases Detainees’ Risk of Torture http://www.hrw.org/print/news/2012/01/10/afghanistan-decree-increases-detainees- risk-torture

Institute for War and Peace Reporting (8 December 2011) Herat Prison Offers Refuge for Abused Women http://iwpr.net/print/report-news/herat-prison-offers-refuge-abused-women

IRIN News (3 May 2012) AFGHANISTAN: Concerns over child detention conditions in Kandahar http://www.irinnews.org/Report/95405/AFGHANISTAN-Concerns-over-child- detention-conditions-in-Kandahar

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (25 March 2013) U.S. Transfers Control Of Afghan Prison http://www.rferl.org/articleprintview/24937801.html

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (11 February 2013) Afghan Panel Says Prison Torture Not Systematic http://www.rferl.org/articleprintview/24898681.html

UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) (January 2013) Treatment of Conflict-Related Detainees in Afghan Custody One Year On http://unama.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=VsBL0S5b37o%3D&tabid=12 323&language=en-US

14. Crime/Corruption

Afghanistan NGO Safety Office (April 2013) ANSO Quarterly Data Report Q.1 2013; Jan 1st - Mar 31st 2013 http://www.ngosafety.org/store/files/ANSO%20Q1%202013.pdf

Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (January 2013) All Bets are Off; Prospects for (B)reaching Agreements and Drug Control in Helmand and Nangarhar in the run up to Transition http://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1302%20Opium%2023%20Jan-Final.pdf

Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (October 2011) Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Counter-narcotics efforts and their effects in Nangarhar and Helmand in the 2010-11 growing season http://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1128E- Between%20a%20Rock%20and%20a%20Hard%20Place-CS-2011.pdf

Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (July 2011) Afghanistan: "Opium Poppy Strikes Back: The 2011 Return of Opium in Balkh and Badakhshan Provinces" http://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1116E%20Opium%20Poppy%20Strikes %20Back%20CS%202011.pdf

EurasiaNet (26 October 2011) Afghanistan: Experts Give Washington Failing Grade on Warlordism Lesson http://www.eurasianet.org/node/64388

The Guardian (UK) (20 March 2012) Afghanistan corruption 'could see UK cut off security funds' http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/mar/20/afghanistan-corruption-security-funds- warning/print

Institute for War and Peace Reporting (29 September 2012) Afghans Hostage to Corruption http://iwpr.net/report-news/afghans-hostage-corruption

Institute for War and Peace Reporting (25 September 2012) Highway Robbery on Major Afghan Road http://iwpr.net/print/report-news/highway-robbery-major-afghan-road

Institute for War and Peace Reporting (5 April 2012) Lack of Female Lawyers in Eastern Afghanistan http://iwpr.net/report-news/lack-female-lawyers-afghan-southeast

Institute for War and Peace Reporting (12 January 2012) Passports for Sale in Afghanistan http://iwpr.net/print/report-news/passports-sale-afghanistan

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (3 February 2013) Afghan Traders Announce Indefinite Protest Against The Killing Of A Kidnapped Child http://www.rferl.org/articleprintview/24891881.html

UN Office on Drugs and Crime (5 May 2013) Afghanistan Opium Survey 2012 http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1226_1368439025_afghanistan-os-2012-final- web.pdf

UN Office on Drugs and Crime (April 2013) Afghanistan Opium Risk Assessment 2013 http://www.unodc.org/documents/crop- monitoring/Afghanistan/ORAS_report_2013_phase12.pdf

15. Education

Afghanistan Analysts Network (10 June 2013) The Ongoing Battle for the Schools; Uprisings, Negotiations and Taleban Tactics http://aan- afghanistan.com/uploads/20130610_AAN_Taleban_and_Schools_FINAL.pdf

Afghanistan Analysts Network (30 July 2012) The Battle for Schools in Ghazni – or, Schools as a Battlefield http://www.aan-afghanistan.org/index.asp?id=2844

Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission (December 2011) Fifth Report Situation of Economic and Social Rights in Afghanistan http://www.aihrc.org.af/media/files/Reports/SECR/Report%20on%20ESCR_Final_En glish_12_2011.pdf

Agence France-Presse (8 February 2012) Afghanistan New Afghan schoolbooks shun history of wars http://reliefweb.int/node/475356

BBC News (16 October 2012) Afghanistan 'clears big obstacles' in girls' education http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-19966043?print=true

The Guardian (UK) (16 March 2011) Afghanistan: "Afghan resistance to secular education has a long history" http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/belief/2011/mar/16/afghan-secular- education-history

Institute for War and Peace Reporting (29 March 2012) Afghanistan: The Ghost Teachers of Ghor http://iwpr.net/report-news/afghanistan-ghost-teachers-ghor

Institute for War and Peace Reporting (11 February 2012) Lack of Internet Cuts Off Afghan Province http://iwpr.net/report-news/lack-internet-cuts-afghan-province

Institute for War and Peace Reporting (31 October 2011) Afghan Private Schools Under Scrutiny http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4eb2691c2.html

IRIN News (12 September 2011) Afghanistan: Patchy progress on education http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=93702

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (1 May 2013) Afghan Schoolgirls Hospitalized After Suspected Poisoning http://www.rferl.org/articleprintview/24973803.html

Reuters (21 April 2013) Afghan girls' school feared hit by poison gas http://in.reuters.com/article/2013/04/21/afghanistan-poisoning- idINDEE93K08720130421

UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (August 2010) Afghanistan: "Afghan Update Education Edition" http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/470_1282229873_au-education-english-no-23.pdf

UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) (2011) On the road to resilience Capacity development with the Ministry of Education in Afghanistan http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0019/001915/191583e.pdf

16. Health

BBC News (23 May 2012) Five aid workers held in Afghanistan 'by criminals' http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-18172010?print=true

Institute of War and Peace Reporting (29 August 2012) Polio Campaign Undermined in Eastern Afghanistan http://iwpr.net/report-news/polio-campaign-undermined-eastern-afghanistan-0

Institute of War and Peace Reporting (31 July 2012) Unregulated Pharmacies Prompt Health Fears in Afghan Province http://iwpr.net/report-news/unregulated-pharmacies-prompt-health-fears-afghan- province

International Committee of the Red Cross (25 July 2012) Afghanistan: insufficient access to health care exacerbates humanitarian crisis

24 http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/update/2012/afghanistan-update- news-2012-07-25.htm

International Committee of the Red Cross (2011) Afghanistan: "Annual Report 2011 http://www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/annual-report/current/icrc-annual-report- afghanistan.pdf

International Crisis Group (4 August 2011) Afghanistan: "Aid and Conflict in Afghanistan" http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/asia/south-asia/afghanistan/210- %20Aid%20and%20Conflict%20in%20Afghanistan.pdf

IRIN News (1 November 2012) Afghanistan: Disease outbreaks prompt action http://www.irinnews.org/printreport.aspx?reportid=96680

IRIN News (4 October 2012) Analysis: The fortified food conundrum in Afghanistan http://www.irinnews.org/printreport.aspx?reportid=96459

IRIN News (3 May 2012) Healthcare Crisis in Central Afghan District http://iwpr.net/report-news/healthcare-crisis-central-afghan-district

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (25 June 2012) Little Succor For Afghanistan's Mentally Ill http://www.rferl.org/content/afghanistan_mental_health_treatment/24568491.html

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (19 September 2011) Afghanistan: "Violence 'Affecting Afghan Children's Mental Health' http://www.rferl.org/content/violence_affecting_afghan_childrens_mental_health/243 33449.html

UN Population Fund (Undated) Population, Health & Socio-Economic Indicators/Policy Developments – Afghanistan http://www.unfpa.org/worldwide

World Health Organization (May 2012) Afghanistan Health Profile http://www.who.int/gho/countries/afg.pdf

17. Asylum Seekers/IDPs/Internal Flight

Amnesty International (5 February 2013) Islamic Republic Of Afghanistan: 17 winter deaths in camps highlight government protection failure. http://www.amnesty.or.jp/en/news/2013/0205_3799.html

Amnesty International (23 February 2012) Afghanistan: "Fleeing war, finding misery: The plight of the internally displaced in Afghanistan" http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA11/001/2012/en/16509ae3-8407-4f1a- 95e8-029f1e08397d/asa110012012en.pdf

Amnesty International (23 February 2012) Afghans fleeing war find misery in urban slums http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/afghans-fleeing-war-find-misery-urban-slums-2012- 02-23

Danish Immigration Service (29 May 2012) Afghanistan Country of Origin Information for Use in the Asylum Determination Process http://www.nyidanmark.dk/NR/rdonlyres/3FD55632-770B-48B6-935C- 827E83C18AD8/0/FFMrapportenAFGHANISTAN2012Final.pdf

Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (25 March 2013) Afghanistan; Comprehensive response urgently required as displacement crisis worsens http://www.internal- displacement.org/8025708F004BE3B1/%28httpInfoFiles%29/F4C5CA7540AA5A4F C1257B39005B89F4/$file/afghanistan-overview-mar2013.pdf

Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (16 April 2012) Afghanistan Durable solutions far from reach amid escalating conflict http://www.internal- displacement.org/8025708F004BE3B1/%28httpInfoFiles%29/8C9AB4F99B848AF6C 12579E200315143/$file/afghanistan-overview-apr2012.pdf

Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (formerly Global IDP Project) (February 2012) Afghanistan: "Humanitarian Crises in 2011: Internal displacement from conflict, Humanitarian Information Unit (HIU), US Department of State (February 2012)" http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/2016_1331803984_afg-hiu-humanitarian-crises- 2011.pdf

IRIN News (24 February 2012) Afghanistan: IDPs at a crossroads http://www.irinnews.org/Report/94935/AFGHANISTAN-IDPs-at-a-crossroads

Refugees International (28 June 2011) Afghanistan: "Responsible U.S. Transition Must Address Displacement Crisis" http://www.refugeesinternational.org/sites/default/files/062811_Afghanistan_Respon sible_US_Transition%202.pdf

United Kingdom Home Office (June 2013) Operational Guidance Note Afghanistan http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1226_1371046133_afghanistanogn.pdf

UNHCR (June 2013) UNHCR Global Report 2012 - Afghanistan http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1930_1371563573_51c01cbf0.pdf

UNHCR (June 2013) Submission by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; For the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights' Compilation Report – Universal Periodic Review: Afghanistan http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1930_1371111014_51b81fa54.pdf

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26 http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1226_1292833154_4d0b55c92.pdf