SECOND EDITION
A Collection of Images, Celebrating the Golden Anniversary of the Terminal Tower.
There is but one Terminal Tower. Never will there be another. Its rare combination of form and function is a legacy of generations past to the generations of the future. Seldom does an architectural structure serve its community in so many significant ways: Historical landmark. Transportation hub. Business center. Artistic inspiration. For half a century, Greater Cleveland has enjoyed products, pleasures and livelihoods created by the commerce of The Terminal Tower. The massive building contains 750,000 square feet of space from street level up through 52 stories. Developers of the build ing, completed in 1930, were the Van Sweringen brothers, internationally renowned for their vision in the design of Shaker Heights, Ohio, and Publi c Square. Their transportation system rema ins the model for mass transit plans of the future. The original matched marble paneling, solid brass, carved oaken woodwork, and classic lighting fixtures throughout the building have been beautifully maintained, poli shed and restored to their original grandeur. Seven large Jules Guerin murals stand sentinel over the archways in the Tower lobby, newly freshened by hanging greenery in gleaming brass pots. Continuing its heritage, the Tower stands today at the center of Cleveland's business and transportation vitality. We of U.S. Realty Investments hope you enjoy this visual ce lebration of the living symbol of Cleveland.
Officers Trustees Sheldon B. Guren, John H. Bustamante Chairman and Chief Herbert D. Conant Executive Officer Ca lvin B. Dalton Howard B. Schulman, Arthur A. Feiner President Robert Goldberg Michael A. Feiner, Sheldon B. Guren Executive Vice President Lee Howley Richard J Tanquist, C. Vice President/ Administration Howard B. Schulman Richard R. Green, Arthur R. Simon Vice President/Operations Ezra Katz, Bu ilding Manager for U.S. Vice President/Development Realty Investments David M. King, Eugene H. Krantz Vice President/ Assistant General Counsel Management Agent Martin Simon, Barris, Guren, Wedren, Inc. Vice President/Management Brian C. Ca ron, Assistant Vice President/ The Terminal Tower Management is a property of U.S. Realty Investments, Allan L. Levine, Cleveland, Ohio. Secretary Bruce C. Reed, Treasurer
A portion of the proceeds from the sale of this book will benefit Plain Dealer Charities, Inc. I.,; . ', ! 'I :> I· If 4 "
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Reprinted by permission of The Plain Dealer ,. PACE 1WO CLEVELAND PLAIN DEALER " ' JUNE 29, 1n o ....·. I I iff,> Downtown Terminal Area Today Pictures Show f.i ·' and as It Was a Few Years Ago fy~;~, ~ .. Public Square"-a charmed term in Cleveland's ilia Evolution of . f~ ·~· :.~ ~ tory since those early days of Moses Cleaveland and l ~I t '~ his pioneering companions-bas been, after a fashion, Public Square !--·:! \ the heicht-meter by which Cleveland's rise baa been
• , i .. . 0 \ measured.- Progresa on- or near- Public Square has meant prol'ress "out the Avenue'" ( Euclid Avenue, ;mn : famed in geographies and hiatori~s), likewise, ptogresa - ~..- '\. t ::.....l t on othet atreets of trade, including thos e in the city's . ~ . ;; .. ~ .. ;J il t. many suburbs . 1: • .• .. • .J ll 4•. ,o • ; •~ • I t t .~ ·~ ·~~-4~ -~ ' . ~ ; . ' · .
aa viewed from a point in the vicinity of Superior Ave· nue and W. Sixth Street.
SOUTHWEST SECTION of Public Square u it appeared j.u•t before conotruction wao started on Hotel Cleve~nd,l ficit bl•ldd SOUTHWEST SECTION of the Public Square !'" it appear-;d in 1839.--; inc to be erected in the new terminal area. ote eve an Tbe buildinc at extreme richt was an inn .tand1nc o·n the sate of today s was opened in 1918. Hotel Cleveland. · ------
SOUTHWEST SECTION of tbe public Square. a• !t appe!'ro d A d artment store stt·ucture soon w1ll nse besade t: ·~~ . ~p Tower Building, flanking it on the east as ~=tel Cf:::land flanks it on the west. G4 New Cleveland Trade Lmoire
H 1S being a special supplement to the Plain Dealer. issued in celebration of the offi cial opening of the Cleveland Union Terminal Project. including. as it does. the new .. Union Station on the Square;' the .. New City Within a City" and the electrification for many miles of all railroads using the new Union Station's facilities.- The T er minal Project's official opening inaugurates a new epoch. an epoch to be rnm·ked by modern outlying railroad stations, by widespread rapid transit into Cleveland and by a healthy development not only in Cleveland proper and in its suburbs. but also in the scores of cities and towns scattered over a rapidly extending Cleveland-centered radius. Cleveland now becomes more closely linked with these cities and towns. once seemingly fm· away, but now forming a vital part of that great. growing district known as the .. New Cleveland Trade Empire."- · There follows, then. one continuous picture. This picture. historic as well as current. is presented in the form of photographs and the printed word.- The picture portrays the begin nings of Cleveland and glimpses the present, but cannot, adequately, depict the Cleveland Trade Empire's steady gains in greatness through the years that are to come.
I N DR X ( COVI:"R Changes on the Public Square Page Z The cover illustration, •• Yesterda~ . T (J day wnd Tnmorrow."' is a paint· Story of the Van Swe r in~ens • Pages 4-6 ing conceived and executed by S. Gordon Barrick in celehrution uf Significance of Terminal Project I '·~·· i-8 the officia l o pening of Cleveland's new t;ni un Tcr mimtl Projt:ct. The New Union Station · Pages 9-11 Operation of Terminal ProjeCt l'a~es 12-13 l~uildings in New Station Areo ond ·· Home in the Sky"' l'a~e 14 The chapters telling the s wry cont :..tined in thi~ scl·tion \\ t:rc '' rit· Harvey, Inc .. and the New Food Terminal - l 'a~ e IS ten by D a le Cox. The New C leveland Trade Empire · Pages 16- 17 H is torv of ne\". Union Station's site - Page 18 I' H OTO(; N ,J /' /IS Old b~ildin~s Rive way to modern developm~nt !'ages 19-21 The pictures here reproduced were t ~ tk en h~ \ ·enlun f). <:ul.! ) . l IN THIS HOUSE at 34 Eaatwood Street. Geneva, 0 ., 0 . P. and M. J. Van Swerincen, while boyo, li•ed for a brief period in the '80s. road operators has spread to Edith and Carrie. the ends of the earth. Their 0. P. and M . J. Van Swer gigantic financial operations ingen and their two sisters TRADITION HAS IT that 0. P. and M. J. Van Swerin~ren lived in th..ia hou.e, at 15 Park Street, GeDeva, 0., during most of the nave been the talk of W all make their home together in time their family lived in that c:ity. Street and of Congress in Cleveland. Herbert C. was Washington. th e only member of the fam for Savings 1 Building, the lakes and parks. They set How came the remarkable ily to marry. The devotion city's leading skyscraper of aside many acres for parks success story of these two and strong a t t a c h m e n t that date. The boys went to and recreation. Instead of men, reaching its greatest formed between the children work there about 1894. c row d i n g people. th ey cl imax with the formal dedi in childhood has followed 0. P. Van Sweringen planned to spread them out cation of the new Union Ter- them through life. worked for the Bradley com- over hundreds of acres of 111inal and allied projects? About 1883 James Tower pany for six years. The lane!. Shaker Heights be What was the setting for this Van Sweringen moved his company manufactured i- came one of the famous real story of real life more th rill estate developments of th e ing than a Horatio Alger nation. tale? This article ca n sketch All this was not easy of only in a brief way the story accomplishment. There were of the Van Sweringens. times when failure seemed Let us turn to a small, certain. But the Van Swcr rolling farm in a wooded ingens stuck to a character cou ntry in Wayne County, istic then that they always 0. north of the town of have followed since-reach Woos ter. Here lived in the ing th eir objective after late seventies and the early .others had fa iled . At times eighties James Tower Van their financial standing was Sweringen, a veteran of th e jeopardized, and upon one of Union army in the Civil those occasions 0. P. Van War, a hero of the battle of Sweringcn went to New Gettysburg. To this pleas York to interview J. Pierpont ant farm in Ohio he had Morgan regarding a loan. brought his family after The story is told that Mr. yea rs working as an engi Morgan offered the loan on neer in the Pennsylvania oil condition th at Mr. Van Swer fields. ingen sign an ironclad eon Here was hom on April tract. After reading the cOli 24. 1879. 0 . P. Van Swerin tract. Van S\\'cringcn de gcn. Two yea rs later. on cl ined. say111g ht: could not f Contin11.-d on Pal[~ 6 I JUNE 29, 1930 CLEVELAND PLAIN DEALER UNION TERMINAL SECTION PAGE Fl~ A Peek the Vans' omes in Town, Country AN ARCHED stone bridge over a quiet dream a t Daisy H ill Farm. A tower, like those of old Normand·y, stands guard over the bridge. LEFT: A charming pastoral scene.- Part of the V a n Sweringen herd of thor· oughbred cattle. THE QUAINT signpost of Hunt· ing Valley V illage, near Daisy Hill Farm. LEFT : Across the Van Sweringen acre s .- ln the foreground a man· built lake, farther on large green· houses and a nurse ry, a w inding roadway verywhere bundreda of trees planted to e nhance th e b eauty L------'of the estate. PAGE SIX CLEVELAND PLAIN JUNE 2 9, 1930 Van Sweringens! groll' angry. Tilat ha s bee n A Great Vision! a c.: h:t rarter istic trait. They have fought many battil's. Now a Terminal! hut thev have never grown (Continued f rom Pa~ e 4) :tngry in public. Perhaps th at subscribe to certain features has. something to do with of the agret•ment. Morgan their winning almost every was astounded by his re htg struggle th ey ever have fusal. Van Sweringcn went enll'red. · back to his hotel crushed by T en years ago th e last defeat, hut before his train legal obstac les were removed left for Cleveland the next from th eir station projec t, morning Morgan called him and th e work was permitted back and gave him the loan to begin. M any difficulties upon his own conditions. have arisen sin ce that time Since that time Morgan has bu t all have bee n overcome: liberally ass1s ted in t he Today the Union Station on fina m: in~ of many Van the squa re is a reality. trains Sweringcn pro.i ccts. arc running in and out of it. lndirertly, their develop The greatest dream the Van ment of th e old Sh aker pla Swcringcn boys ever had has teau led the Van Sweringens come true. into. their vast railroad . new Tilt multiplicity of th e U nion Terminal and down busi ness affairs in which th .: town property developments. Van Swcringcns are inter reporll'd as th e larges t rail ,RECALL this picture in Cleve T hey soon learned that the ested has startled big busi road deal participated in Tall Tower Was land newtpapers eleven years development of S h a k e r hv ago?-Note the tower in the ness everywhere. They have Clcvl'iandcrs. In order An Afterthought Heights would be stifled un ,;> original sketch of the proposed il!ade Cleveland one of th e less adequall: transportation control I 0 miles of the road's Original plans for th\' Terminal Building. great tm;. ncial ce nters of the right-o f - way in Cleveland w a s provided downtown. Union Station on Public country. They inaugurated a they had bougl1t thc entire t h c _lntcrs tatt Commerce T hey approached th e late Squ are were conceived bv great downtown office build mileage of 513 miles. CmnniiSS JOII. a great rail road John J. Stanley, president of 0 . P. Van Sweringen prio-r in g development. u in a the When hl' visioned th e holdmg company-- the 1\lle th e Cleveland Railway Co .. to I \I I R. Originally it was air rights above their station route of the Shaker Heiahts ghany Corporation- was or about building a line to the to 11l' a stub-end rapid area. They. together with rapid trans it from the hei;';hts ganized . Gradual ly, h 11 t liLvclopnw nt. But Stanley transit and interurban sta il S?ciatcs. have spent above Cl eveland , V an surely. th e system bec;11 nc a thci~ doubted if th e patronage on 0. P. ti on. W ith that in mind, millions 111 new buildings. Swt• rin!?en had noted thl· rea lii1·. until today th e c. L'i( th e line would make it prof Mr. Van Swcringen devel Not content with a r ail availability of the southwest 0. system is one of four itabk. In effect he told the oped th e plans as shown roa d system in th e easte rn corner or" Public Squ aTL' for trunk line s given officia l Van Sweringcns to get th e at th e top and bottom of territory. thcv have extended a grea t rail termin 0 . P. VAN SWERINGEN'S TERMINAL building plan of 1918. It shows • n ew Cleveland along Ontario Stre~t f r om Public Square to O range Avenue. Little d eviation has b een made from the plan, as far as the project h as d eveloped . ,'.. JUNE 29, 1930 CLEVELAND PLAIN D EALER UNION TERMINAL SECTION PACE SEVI!N Cleveland Mirrors Progress 10 New Rail Project HOW IT LOOKS from the air.-Bria:ht in ita newneaa, the new Union Terminal de. velopment apreada out before the aerial cameraman. New streets, new buildina:a, i' a ""hole u~ct:on of a new city- that is the impreaaion from the air. The new poet· . o:o ff;,,.,.. A.,fi'!it ... ola ~u for whid, ha"·e not been announced, baa been auper-impoa· . ,,;.flt, / 1. ed on the photo.::raph.',_ ~ · _ _ ;::::i I ; -L! '1-..~ > :;j>;:::~~::;;--;, ~,:-:l'C~- 1:::/~,..,..~=7,,;_, :-, -,~--::,r.:-, -=--=~=-~-===-~:-~=. ::_:-:,.==7~" -,--:-.--:-,-:-:=-_,--=_-= -' HE millions of people food terminal for the han- transportation facilities. more Isp ire of the Terminal Tower · All buildings in the tcr who will pa ss through dlin~ of perishable fruit and rapid service strengthens Buildin~. Then they will_ milral area arc intcr-con T C I c v e I an d's new foods. erec tion of outlying Cleveland's position ·as the l vision Ueveland's new sky ntrtcd by u n d c r g r o u n d Union Station in the years r.1i lroad stations. deve lop "capital of a rich trade em- I line, bounded by the build streets and passageways. ahead will gaze upon and ment of rapid t(ansit service pire." - ings in the terminal area-- Thl.' traveler arrivmg in use the facilities of one of to the suburbs, a linking up Men and women who come l Hotel Cleveland, Medical Cleveland at the new station th e finest railroad terminals of street railway, rapid tran to Cleveland from a distance Arts, Builders Exchange. will be able to visit hundreds in the world. The area with- sit, steam railroad and bus on business will behold the . Midland Bank, the new of stores. shops and officcs in its grand concourse is service; opening in Cleveland symbol of this new em pire 1 $3,000,000 postoffice, a new without stepping into thl' greater than in any other of scores of new stores and before they reach it. First Higbee Co. store and an ad outdoors. Clubs and resta u railroad station in this coun- shops by Harvey, Inc.; pro they will behold the towerin" · ditional office building to be rants will be numerous. A try or abroad. Embodied in motion of the better build crectrd within th e next two "Home in th e Sky.. is lo the station are features novel ing and furnishing of homes years. It is a skyline of cated on the upper floors of in their newnes·s. through the ''Home in the massed bea uty. proportion, the Builders E x c h a n g c But this station, for which Sky.'' electrifica tion of the balance, rhythm and variety Building for th ose interested Cleveland has been waiting principal railroads through in unity. in the arts of home-making. for decades, is only a small the downtown area. Approximately 35 acres Branch f)ilnks and broker part of th e vast Union Tcr- This is only a partial list are embraced in Inc terminal age houses arc located in tho: minal development. T he cen- of the developments that area where the se new build area. Merchandising con tral par!, it is true, but have come about as a res ult ings rise skyward. The sta cerns of every description around it arc hinged dozens of th e Van Sweringen plan tion proper occupies ap have taken quarters th ere . of other projects t h a t. for a union railroad station proxifnatelv 17 acres. Two Thousands of square feet I u m p e d togeth er, have on th e Square. Let us turn new streets, each 100 feet of space in the new station changed the whole physica l for a moment to considera wide, Prospect Avenue and wilf be operated as shops. appcarancc o f Cleveland. t10n o f the 1rnrnensity of the Huron Road Extensions, run rl!S taurants and stores by T nc sta tion may be whole proJ ec t and its signifi through the area. Harvey. Inc .. having the same thought of a th e hub of a ca1rce to Cleve land. All tlus was developed by owners and executives as giant whee.l. From it. radi- To begin with, the heart the Cleveland Union Tcr Fred Harvey, Inc., w hich ate spokes 111 all ch rechons- of th e city has been trans minals Co .. underwrith:n by operates the dining se rvice' in this case other Ctl"related formed. Public Square hal. the three guarantor roads on Santa Fe Railroad trains prOJects- but aU bound to Ibee n rejuvenated. The center that built the new station- and in union stations in Chi New York Central. Big Fum cago, St. Louis and Kilnsas and connected w1th the ccn- 1 of Cleveland becomes the tral prOJeCt. g a t e way of continenfal ami Nickel Plate. The new City. The new station will bi! travel, the hub of th e ci ty's station's facilities are avail The Union Trust Co. has thought of onl _v in connection street railway transportation able, however. for all rail taken quarters in the Ter w1 th the railroads 1t serves. an d th e ce nter of the rapid roads entering Ckveland. minal Tower Building, the But let us examme some o f transit system soon to b.: . No puff1ng steam locomo Cleveland Trust Co. has the o t h c r developments Iestablished. tives \Viii come roaring into opened a beautiful office in equally important in th e The decay of an old sec- this new sta tion belching the Medical Arts Building. progress of Cleveland. tion has been cleared away. smoke and tllrt. The whole while the Guardian Trust Co. Let us first enumerate and on its ruins has been terminal limits have been has an office at W . 6th some of them. all of whil:h erected one of the fines t electrified , from Linndale on Street and Superior Avenue. had their inception as a re- groups of downtown busi the ·west to Collinwood on The Midland Bank has erect sult of the new station on the ness buildings i ;1 any Ameri the cast. a total distance of ed an 18-story home offin· square . Development of real ~ an city. Here lies the cen A BEACON in the night! The 17 miles. The terminal ap building in th e cen ter of the es tate , erection of the city's ter of a great trade cmpir_. lights of the Terminal Tower proaches. from E. 40th tern1inal area. finest group of downtown exl\'nding for miles to th e are visible for miles when the Street to W . 37th Street. will A number of civic and shades of ~venina have fallen buildings, deve lopment of a cast. west and south. Better over the city. he e!ect ri fied for tht· irkel business organizations have Plate J~ailroad. sought ou t the terminal arcil PAGE EIGHT CLEVELAND PLAIN DEALER UNION TERMINAL SECTION JUNE 29, 1930 City trrors Its one e most a program possible. cl W hee ling & Lake FROM UNNDALE to Collin modern in the world. Perish Downtown several o I d Eric passenger depot and wood! A ero.. Cleveland from able food and fmit is dis w ..at to e ast atretchea a new Development by streets w~re closed and new th e lowering of the ri ght-of path of travel- the Union Ter· tributed daily to points as far streets were opened. Two way of th e former Whee ling minal richt-of-way. This map Station Project away as Massi llon and ·Alli new ramps. leading down tracks. A long fight in th e depicts tl,e route in a slichtly ~ Cont inued from Pa6e 7) ance. through th e transpor into th e ''flats." were built to courts that went all th e way d ifferent T"l& nner. for the location of their of tation facilities that arc a replace old Columbus Roa LI to the United States Su date coinpletion cannot bL: fices and headquarters. Th~ part of the new union ter anti old Eagle Avenu e. A preme Court delayed this oi predicted. Chamber of Commerce occu minal development. lift bridge over the Cuya phase of th e proj ec t and pre That is th e extent of the pies the greater part of three In East Cleveland, ncar ho ONE OF l=HE STATION' S trAin indicatora.-Theae mod ern d evices, n1ade of bronze, placed at the entrance to the train stairways, give c omplete information about tr'ains. RIGHT : A corner of the main concourse.-The camera hi4a r egistered here a bit of the stately d ignity of the sta t ion's interior'. The morning sun, streaming through the skylight, shines on ma.-ble walla and on the many stair ways leading to the trains. TRAIN PLATFORMS and tracks on the lower levei.-Here travelet's board and leave their' tf'ai. n s. Hundreds of c o aches can stand in the s t ation simul- laneously. 29. 1930 C LEVELAND PLAIN DEALE R U NION TERMINAL S£ CTION PACE ELEVEN the station. Above is the familiar e ntra nce from Public Square. The high arched door· ways give an exterior balance to the monumental inte rior aspec ts of the sla· Convenience as as lion. The Prospec t Ave nue E x te nsion Beauty Characterizes Necv entl"a nce.-Numerous. other entrances to the station connec t eve ry b u ilding in the Union Station Appointments terminal a rea d ir ectly w ith t.he m a in con- leading to the taxicab stand at the weal end affords direct connection with virtually all of the • LEFT : Hundreds of cabs daily use thio hul(e, sheltered room to carry travelers to and from their traina. The large shafts overhead are part of the station's ventilating equipment. PAGE TWELVE CLEVELAND PLAIN DEALER UNION TERMINAL SECTION J UNE 29, 1930 Operation of the Terminal Is a Gi antic Business Along Canal Road stretch LEVELAND'S Union more than a dozen small rai l C Terminal Project is road serv ice buildings, where completed, but its op trains operating in to the sta eration, reckoning eve r y tion will be se rviced. Her-: minute of every ilay in the train crews will have their yea r, is just beginning. The wa iting roo ms. Here Pull story of its construction is man carpets will be cleaned , told in word and picture diners served and ice sup elsewhere in this section. plied to th e water coolers. But what of its operation? . \ The downtown station has What comes alter the sta ~~' been equipped with a tele tion is put into maximum ! type system, servicing eve ry usage? . That is what this department. This device will page and the following will flash th e latest bulletins re attempt to answer. garding the time of arrival First of all. operation of and departure of trains. In the new Union Station neces th at manner every depart sarily involves every minute ment of the station will know of every day. There are no exactly how late any train leisure hours in the opera may be. if late at all. tion of a great railroad ter The ~iant electric locornu minal. Trains are arriving tives- 22 of them- that have and departing at all hours A COMMON SIGHT from now oo.-A long pas been purchased to pull trains of the day and night. T hree senger train drawn by one of Cleveland's great electric locomoti ves. in and out of the sta tion. will eicrht-hour shifts of workmen be given every attention and wfil be assigned to virtually minal right-of-way for ex cral Railway Signal Co. of statiOns. These stations will care. Repair shops and in every se rvice which the sta ample. From a signal tower be in ope ration every minute spection sheds have been tion offers. There is no end l~oc h es t e r , N. Y. , is th e fines t in th e lJ nion Station area an d largc>st yet devised for of the day. constructed ·at Collinwood of th e day at' Cleveland's will be controlled all th e sig New passenger stations in and L inndale. The locomo new Union Station. any railroad terminal in the nals stretching for 17 miles world. It is said to be ab East Cleveland and Linndale tives Will be inspected after The operation of tne new between Collinwood a n d provide for th e conven ience eve ry trip to make certain station a·ml its allied projects solu tely foolproof. Linndale. Here will be th e Giant power stations erec t of East and W es t Side trav th ey are in good working brings into use the most mod nerve ce nte r of th e station's ed along the right-of-way elers who w ish to board or order. cr.n rai lroad management operation. M en operating leave their trains near their Travelers have yet to fa known to science. Improved signal levers will guide each from Collinwood to Linndale homes. Tiw s operation of miliarize themselves with the mechanism of every sor,t w ill train in and out of the ter furnish the electric power for passenger trains is made many fea tures and services make for increased comfort. minal. Nothing will be left th e operation of all trains more convenient for the trav of the Union Terminal Proj convenience and safety of to chance. Science h a s run ning into the new station. eler. Either of these smaller ect. but the pictures on th is the hundreds of thousands :J f found a way to plug every The power is purchased from sta tions wou ld do credit to and the following page sug passengers who will use the error and check every hum an the Cleveland Elec tric Il a city of 150,000 population. gest a few of the many facts station each vear. · mistake. luminating Co., and trans Each has all the essent ial with which the riding pu blic, Take the operation of the Equipment for this signal formed, stepped. up to higher se rvices of the new Union after a time, will become sig-nal system on the ter- service. installed by th e Gen- voltage in the terminal sub- Station. acquainted. ENTRANCE to new Union Station showing catenaries which carry the cables that supply power to electric loco Four and New motives. CLEVELAND PLAIN DEALER UNION TERMINAL SECTION JUNE 29, 1930 PAGE r r ~r '!'" ..... -i ..I - I ' ,.. .,.. .. r I f r r :- ... j f ~ Buildings in Union Terminal Group The pictures on this page do not include a sketch. of the postoffice building for which $3,000,000 has been appropriated by the government.-While to the eye, the Midland Bank, Builders Exchange and Medical Arb buildings appear as one gigantic struc ture, they are, in fact, separate buildings and are so pre&ented here. largest LEFT: The Home in the Sky.-Novel d isplay featufe Oll the 1 7th and 18th noon o f the Builders E xchange Building. Around it 1s a great djsplay of the building arts. It also prese n ts an exhibit of h o m e f urnishings. JUNE 29, 1930 CLEVELAND PLAIN DEALER UNION TERMINAL SECTION . - "'T E:..:E;:.N;_'__ __, " r 17 ·mile electrified right·of· way east and west of the Union Term.inal.-lt's the s ignal station that assures travelers safe, speedy electric locomo· The new Collinwood repair shop.-Just one of the scores upon scores of new buildings constructe d as part of the Union Terminal Project. JUNE 29, 1930 CLEVELAND PLAIN DEALER UNION TERMINAL SECTION Harvey, Inc., to Operate All Shops in New Sta£i.lvL table arc sea ted cowboys. ORE than 40 .shops, · · 111 1nm g engmee rs. city offu.:c restaurants, stores workers and transcontinental M and specialty busi- travelers. The table stretches nesses lo_c ated in . Clevel_and 's from Cleveland to Chicago, new U mon Statton will be thence alon" the Santa Fe to operated under the manage- Kansas CitY, and· from there ment of the Fred Harvey or- alonc:r the historic and storied ganization, famous for its Sant~ Fe trail to Los ·An- dining service ~long th_e San- geles. ta f e and Fnsco Ra1lr~aus Oee p in the southwestern and for its mercha~d1s1ng de sert Harvey hotels are to services in union statl1)ns at be found alongside the San - Chicago, St. Louis and Kan- ta Fe, Harvey tours carry sas City. Cleveland IS the travelers to distant Indian first eas tern city to have Har- ruins lying in the New Mexi- vey se rvi_ce. well known to can desert, · Harvey busses transcontinental travelers.. carry tourists on sight-seeing The food and merchand1s- tours of the Grand Canyon . in g service to be operated by pretentious Harvey hotels are the Harvey ~rga m_zat10n Ill operated at Albuttuerque. the new tenmnal ~ 111 run the Santa Fe and the Grand whole gamut of pnce. (' reg- Canyon. Indian stores, opcr- ular sc_ale of gra?aho!l 1n ated by Harvey, sell the han-· both pnce and serv1ce Wi ll be diwork of the southwestern put in effect at the various and sandwich shops. The en- be employed at the outset. Indians to transcontinental Harvey eat ing places in the tire restaurant facilities will Harvey, Inc., is managed travel e r~. terminal, as well as in a num- be eq uipped to feed between bv the family of Fred Har- Another section of the ber of the specialty shops. 9,000 and 10.000 persons vcy, who founded the com- table branches off at St. Virtually all of the Harvey during the lunch period. pany in 1876 in a little sec- Louis and Kansas City and shops w1ll be located on the T otal space in the com- ond-story eating room above runs southward to the Gulf cor.course level of the station. bined Harvey shops will be the Santa Fe station in To- coast alonc:r the Frisco ·Rail- directly. above th e tracks. approximately 1 7 5 , 0 0 o peka, Kan. Byron S. Harvey. road. Th~ Harvey organi- Here wtll be _located a dn~g sq uare feet, eq uivalent to an a son of the founder. is presi- zation operates the dining store. one ot the largest 111 area extending from Public dent of th e company. and his service of this road, as it the world ; a haber_dashery, Square to E. 9th Street and partners are john F. Hucke! dot'S on the Santa Fe. a women's shop. gift shop, 100 feet in depth. T he 1111 - of Chicago and Kansas City, Byron S. Harvey expressed book store, a food . store, dertaking ·is so great that a and Frederick H. Harvey. a full confidence in Cleveland's pastry shop. news stands. new compa ny, Harvey, Inc. arandson of the founder. future in announcing the cigar stores, candy shops. a having the same manage- rord Harvev. who succeeded company's entrance i n to barber shop, beauty shops. ment as Fred Harvey, Inc.. Fred Harvey as president. Cleveland. toy shops. sa ndwich shops has been organized to oper- died while negotiations were "We saw at first hand th e a_nd a number of other sp~- ate the Harvey station serv- under way for the company magnitude of the undertak- CJalty busmesses. ices. to enter the Cleveland sta- ing." he said. "The city The restaurant facilities Harvey, Inc., when tion. seems on th e threshold of its will include a. main res tau- reaches its maximum oper- In JOining the Harvey biggest development. There rant, fm1~hed _m wa_lnut and ation in the new station, will chain, Cleveland tak es its was 110 mistaking the evi- ebony, w1th h•gh celimg and be one of the sizeable indus- place at th e eastern end of a dence of it. The Clevel and a.d ance .fl _o o_ r, a 1unc h r_o 0 Ill , tries of the city, employ in~ BYRON S. HARVEY, head of tmm]' · g t abl e th a t st re Ic 1 1es la}'Oul of restaurants and .....,. the Harvey organization operat. 600 '1 · h W With facliJ!Ies f or f ee d mg a more than 1,000 persons. ing ~hopo a"d reotaurants in 3. ml es mto f e est shops will be as fine as we th 0u ~a nc! pcoplt.: at a time, Severa! iJ , .., 1!rC' d pe rsuns w ;!l , the r. ew Union 5t~tio" ~ nd the Gulf states. At that can make it." Gigantic New Food Terminal .Is Part of Rail Development SUM of $6,000,000 w as spent by the V an A Sweringens in t h c development of a giant, modern food and produce· terminal, occupying 27 acres between E. 37th and E. 40th Streets and between Orange Avenue S. E. and Kingsbury Run. The Nickel Plate Railroad, which the Van Sweringens control. built the terminal for the Northern Ohio Food Ter minal Co .. a co-operative en terprise of Cleveland com mission merchants. Fourteen team tracks of the Nickel Plate enable refrigerator cars loaded with food, fruit and vegetables to be switched directly to the unloading platforms of the storage SOME OF THE TEAM TRACKS at tbe Northern Ohio Food PLATFORM FOR DELIVERY to trucks of fruit and vegetable. buildings. Terminal.-This great terminal, which has been in operation that have been received at the food terminal. It's only a small Although th e Nickel Plate about a year, has greatly facilitated the speedy, scientific and view of one of the platforms.- An auction room is part of deve loped the tcnninal, the sanitary handling of perishable foods and fruit.-A visit to the terminal equipment, and scores of commission merchants this "food city" in Cleveland well could be placed on t~e bave their headquarters at this new Cleveland food center. New York Central, Eric, Bal itinerary of ~~tny sightseer. timore & Ohio and Pennsyl vania railroads h.avc facilities for using it. PAGE TWEl.VE SECTIO N JUN E 29, 1930 o4 New Clereland LAI\L Trade {mpire Ll?l L - - --.....____,_ PAGE EIGHTEEN CLEVELAND PLAIN DEALER UNION TERMINAL SECTION JUNE 29, 1930 ~ Cleveland Terminal Area Steeped in Romance ~ CENTURY and a half following 1775. More ami A of d e v e I o p m e n t more war parties passed up - spanning th e age and down the stream, now between the tractless, pri and th en accompanied by meval forest and the gian t white men. modern skyscrapers - fur The Cuyahoga portage nishes the background for was th e route for British th e Cleveland Union Ter and Indian war parties sent minal Project. Here modern ou t to lhrt>aten th e Colonial development is brought to its g a r r i so n at Pittsburgh. highest perfection in this Boats now came round the ci ty. What wen t before ? bends of the Cuyahoga, some Upon what is based the of them laden with rifles progress of the preswt? and cannon . But in time When 0. P. Van Swerin came peace again and th e ge n just three decades ago war parties were no more. determined that a railroad T hen came 1796, and more station at the southwest cor white men. A strange party ner of Public Square was the of men with guns and su r niost feasible location to con veyors' instruments swung centrate Cleveland's trans round the bend past the portation arteries, he select bluffs. It was Gen. Moses ed a district rich in historical Cleaveland and his men sent lore. out by the Connecticut Land Where the great Terminal Co. T hey anchored th eir Tower-symbol of a new boats, came ashore -and pre city-now throws its mas pared to lay out a new city siveness into the sky, once in the W es t. stood, mor.e th an 100 years ago, a small slab of stone Through the woo d e d WHEN FORT SUMTER waa fired on in 1860, and boya from the North and South marched off marking the southwest cor bluffs they ran th ei r survey to war, the aite of the Union Terminal development appeared as in the a bo ~e photo. It ahowa Ontario Street lookinc aouth from Public Square. ner of the Public Square, ing lines. Here and there laid out by surveyors sent by they placed stones to mark th e bounda ries of one-acre From Superior Street these by a quee r. winding little the Connec ticut Land Co. to ea rly su rveyors laid out an forever. In time strategic lots. Oth er men ra n lint!s street ca lled Maiden Lane, develop an ou tpost of civili angling street, called Vine location of the bluffs is rec for streets, and to th ese thor extending from 0 n t a ri o zation in the West. What a yard Street, leading down to ognized. It is se lected as the oughfares th ey gave such Street to Vineyard Street, far call from that tiny, un the Cuyahoga River, follow site for a great new union names as Superior, Huron, parallel to what is now Canal hewn bit of stone placed ing approximately the route railroad terminal. Where Lake, Bath, Ohio, Erie, Fed Road. But on the later map th ere bv buckskin-clad. sur of the presen t Columbus once canal boats floated eral , Ontario, Water, Vine- of the city, as put into th e past, now electric locomo veyors ,- to the towering Road ram . In th e official records in 18 14, monoliths that stand on the tives speed by at a mile-a Maiden Lane is entirely miss minute clip. Gone are all the site today! ing. What became of Maiden The earliest known ac old river wharves and ware Lane between 1796 and houses of cana l days. Now e o u n t s of tran_sportation 1814 ? through what is now the City the time-abandoned bluffs That was a question engi have "come back." of Cleveland go back to the nee rs for th e terminal devel days when the Erie tribe of Look today at the Ter opment had to solve- when minal Tower rising . more Indians inhabited the south they began to clear th e legal shore of Lake Erie. Their than 700 feet into the sky. ownersliip of all the land Then look at the murky ten ~ - -tretched along the bought for th e project. They J.-iiiiiiiif the Cuyahoga from Cuyahoga and let th e wholl! traced back old deeds and re epic of a nation's trans porta the~h of th e river south- cordings to the original tion come streaming through -ward to the Great Portage in Pease and Spafford surveys. your mind. The old historic what is now Summit County. They dug up many of th e site above the Cuyahoga has The Cuyahoga furnished old markers noting the boun seen it all- the Indian on his one of the natural pa th s of daries of the early lots. They pony and in his canoe, the travel between Lake Erie and finally found that Maiden ox-cart of the pioneer, the the Ohio River for the abo Lane was abandoned as a sailboat and th e steamboat, riginal tribes that passed street a few vears after the pioneer railroad trains, back and forth with their Cleveland was born. and now electric locomotives hunting parties w"ith the The yea rs hurry by now. pulling trains out of a new change of seasons. In the The trees are felled on th~ terminal at 60 miles an hour. summer the tribes migrated bluffs above the Cuyahoga. to the p I e a s a n I hunting Cabins replace the forest. grounds around Sandusky Wisps of smoke depict the or farther westward, and in presence of white meq. Trade the winter they sought th e and commerce have their be milder climate of the Great ginning, take hold and flour Hunting Ground in the Blue ISh in the new community. Grass section of Ken tucky. Boats and rafts come down In going and coming they the Cuyahoga laden with found lhe Cuyahoga a path produce from inland. In time way of travel. They left Lake ca nals are built, and ca nal Erie in their canoes, paddled boa ts float past the Cleve up the Cuyahoga to the land bluffs. Great Portage, ca rried their A stea m engine has been light boa ts for a short dis invented in England. It has tance, then put th em down been made to pull coaches on th e bosom of-the Tusca filled with people. It is an rawas, floa ting thence down application of th e principle to the Ohio. of th e steamboat, which the In time the Cuyahoga Cuyahoga already has seen. portage was used by other The railroad has come to tht> tha n red men. Its location United States! first. became known to the Now the highway of com early French explorers, the merce and trade shifts from cou rier de bois, who used it IN 1801 AMOS SPAFFORD, an early ourve.yor, mac!e thia .m~p the Cuyahoga to the lake for travel up and down in of Cleveland. The new termina.J area occup•es the space watban front. The railroads, see king their trading among the In the heavy line--one of the most h istoric areas in the city. low and level ground, pick out the "Jake front, where they dian tribes. La Salle may yard and Maiden Lane. bounded on Pease's and have known of its loca tion build wharves and docks and Two of the earliest of th e Spafford's maps by Vine- · freight terminals. The canal when he crossed from the surveyors . Seth Pease and yard, Superior, Pub I i c lakes to the southward and goes into decay. The Cu ya Amos Spafford, both of Square, Ontario and Huron hoga now sees only freigh discovered the Ohio River. whom came with Cleave Streets and th e Cuyahoga The bluffs above the river ters carrying iron ore from land"s party, made maps of Rive r is Joe a ted Cleveland"s up the lakes. The bluffs where now stands the Ter the new city. At Superior new Union Terminal devel overlooking the Cuyahoga mina l Tower and th e busy Street ( later. called Superior opment. It is one of the seem forever doomed and CLEAVELAND station with its hundreds ot Aven ue) and Ontario Stree t oldes t districts in the city trains goin!{ and coming · forgotten as a concentration .. ! believe the child ia now born the su rvt>yors laid out a and one of th e most historic. point of commerce and that may live to see that place daily, looked down upon square. around which they On Spafford's and Pease's ( Cleveland) aa large aa old strange scenes in the decade transportation. Windham, Conn.'' proposed to huild the city. maps this area is cut in half For clecacles, yes, but not JUNE 29, 1930 CLEVELAND PLAIN DEALER UNION TERMINAL SECT ION Hundreds of Old Buildin s Razed for Term11.t. ANY b uildin~ s rich in buildings alike. the large historical tore and and th e small, the preten M c I o s e I y identified tious and th e ignominious. with th e ea rly ann als of M ore than a year was re· Cleveland felt th e blow of quired for th e wrecking job. the wrec kers ' axes when the Mill ions of cubic feet of area southwest of Pub I ic brick and mortar w c r e Square was cl eared for th e moved . new Un ion Tt:rminat devel N. H. Suloff, enginee r in opment. l n that gre at charge of th e wrecki ng pro wrecking program . in which gram for the Van Sweringcn more than 1.000 build ings interests. ea rn ed th e sob ri were razed. the old Cleve quet of "the world's great land of Civil W ar days and es t wrecker·· as a res ult of afterward gave way to the his supervision of th e demoli new city. tion of old Cleveland build The task of wrecking th e ings. hundreds of buil~lings on the A job of tearing down the te·rm inal site was one of th e old? Yes. A job looking greatest razing projects ever toward th e future and better undertaken in any American . and bigger buildings. But city. The buildings razed what of th e old slructun:s were of every so rt. Some torn down? Did not Cleve were still useful. Others had O LD FOREST CITY HOUSE.-Storied h·ostelry, land 's proud and haughty steeped in romance of the past. It was the first to experienced a long season of <)nCL' throng their ha lls? Had fall, giving to Hotel Cleveland. glorious service. but had no t the tunes of the quadrille seen th e march of progrf;'SS sounded within thei r walls sweep rast them , leaving and had not th e beauties of th em deserted hulks rem Cleveland listened to presi iniscent of a bygone day. dents of the United States Most of the structures were an d o t h e r distinguished decrepit and dilapidated, guests from th eir balconies? long ago outworn. now given Two of th e notab le stnl<.: to servile and unpretentious tures th at gave way for the uses . station development were th e Into the task came men old Forest City House and with axes, with now bars. the American House. among with cranes and windlasses the most famous of Cleve and they tackled all the la nd's taverns and hotels. INTERSECTION of Canal Road with Champlain Avenue.-Just one of the old THE PALISADE HOTEL.-O nce a commercial bouse, street corners that have cea ... e d to be. in its latter d ays a shelter for home less men. It, too, fell be fore the wrecker&' ax. The Forest City House was ster was its guest for a always has had a hotel on razed ea rlier than tlu: other fleeting hour when passing it. In 1815 Phinney M owry buildings to make wa_v for through the citv from De opened a modest tave rn on the presen t Hotel Cleveland , troit. and tradition has it th e site, ca lled M owry's Tav which w ~s erected · in ad that he stopped long enough ern. Five years later thl' vance of other ~- terr;:!na: tu visit its bar. Stepl1en .-\. property so ld for till? .ili<'<'. buildings. Douglas was a guest of the enormous sum of $4.500 to The old American House. house when campaigning for Donald Mcintosh, a Scotch which stood on the sou th the presidency against Abra man. who opened a tavern side of Superior Aveni1c ham Lincoln in 1860. called the Cleveland HoteL about midwa\' hl'lwe2n Hot ·~ l In 185L a dinner was held It later cha nged hands again Cleveland a1i'd the cas t t:nd at th e house in honor of john and was renamed the City of the Superior high level P. Hale of New Hamps.hirc. Hotel. but fire in 1845 de bridge. was the oldest con and the notable thing about stroyed the building. It was OLD AMERICAN HOUSE on aouth side of West Superior Ave tinuously operated tavern 111 the dinner was that ladies advertised i n that day as nue.-A noted hotel in its time, host to the famous, scene of Cleveland. It had bee n built were present and no liquor ''commanding a fine view of many brilliant gatherin~rs . originally in 1836. and was was served. In 1853 the the lake." · thrown ope n to the publi(' hocly of Henry Clay rested in In 1852 th e Forest City the following year. It stood the old bu ilding on the way House was built and re- upon Lot 76 oi the original from W ashington back to the mained w ith few alterations Spafford survey. where Sam final resting place in Ken until demolished for th e pres uel Hunti ngton in 1801 had tu cky. <:nt Hotel Cleveland . T he built his fi rst Cleveland The lot at the southwest first theatrical en tertainment home', a two-room log cabin. corner of the square where ever given in Cleveland by a But before th e new hotel Hotel Cleveland now sta nds traveling company was prt: was a ye ar old the panic of sented in th e dining room of 1837 forced it to be so ld, and ~J -,- ~;E a hotel on this si te. T he Truman P. Hand y bought it. Clevc lancl G rav.s were or The hotel became the renter ganized in August. 1837. in of the city's finest social af the old livery barn south of fairs in the two decades be the hotel, where th e Terminal fore the Civil W ar. Tower Building now stands. Al l the fine banquets and In 1852 the picturesque Sam ba lls of th e town were held Houston of T exas, then a th ere . The f ire department, U nited States se nator, ad then one of the ci ty's leading dressed th e citizens of Cleve THE ERSTWHILE DIEBOLT BREWERY on P ittsburgh Ave· nue.-lt was the largest single wrecking job . social organizations, and t h~ land from its balcony. Clt:veland Grays were ainong In the da ys j ust before the the groups holding their an Civil W ar, when the st ru g nua l banquet and ball at the g le over slave ry was acute, American House. the hotel became noted for From its iron grated b al its abolitionary svmpathil:s. cony ove rl ooking Surerior Frederick Douglass, th e fa Avenue. near where thun mous N egro orator. was en dt:ring trains now roll by. tertained at th e hotel. and spoke manv of the great men when th e Oberlin and W ell of th e nation when they vis ington citizens, arrested in ited in Cleveland. President con nec tion with th e Oberlin Williarn · H c n r v Harri son W ellington slave delivery ("Old Tippecani)e") , Gen were freed. they were given era l Wi nfield Scott ("Old a banquet and celeb ration at Fuss and Feathers"), Gen STEIN'S CAFE was down the the old Fores t City Houst·. eral Lewis Cass, President alley depicted by the arrow. A place widely noted for its All this occurred where Hotel WHERE CLEVELAND'S prisoners wen > once confined.-The Martin Van Bur en and sea food.-The cafe building Cleveland now stand s and old Central Police Sta tion at Champlain Avenue and W . 6th Hen ry Clay were guests of went the way of hundred s of where the giant tower rises. Street.-Originally built in 1864. the old hotel. Daniel W eb .. others. (Continu ed on Pa•e 2 1) ~\OE TWENTY ClEVElAND PlAIN DEAlER UNION TERMINAl SECTION JUNE 29, 1930 lEFT: Not all the home• wrecked were ahaclc.s.-This fine Euclid Avenue residence was one of s ev- eral leveled for the new Eaatl~;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii~ L:::::~::~~:::_~}:~:;~ii~------~J;r:~--17____ _: __j~ C~Ie~v~e~l~a~n~d~S~t~a~t~io~n:·~------~__j~ C H URCHES, TOO. were r a zed when they stood on property neces&ar'y for the ter· minal. St. E m ory"s CAtholic Church, shown here, waa raze d and a finer stf'uctu re f'r ected e lsewhere. ITS WINDOWS BROKEN f rom mi•u•e, the old Gehring brewery, Free· man and Gehrinr Avenuea, gave way to the terminal approacbe~ . F IREMEN from thio; lion. lt was l ev~ l ed and a mod e rn station e r ected in its place. ute structure termini\1. DOWN T HIS PRECIP ITOUS hill dray.men once drove their me•·· chand ist: t o the wha r ves along the C u y ahoga . T h e s treet , if you d o not recall, is old Columbus R o<\ d : RI G HT: O ld Hill Street o f two dccad~ s ago.- A •h~mb l ing row llf. New York Central. into use. The E. I 18th Big Four and Penn T l - - Street stiltion. howeve~. has wlrnniil f~ il i I roads been move THE PRESENT Baltimore & ~ Ohio s tation in the "flat& ." The B. &. 0. is e x p ected to u ae t h e THE E. !18TH-EUCLID station ~ f the Nickel new alation, abandoning thia Plate-a lready wrecked to make way f or a d · building. ditional Nickel Plat e tr acks. A STAT IO N t ha t mad e history! T h e o ld Wheeling O NE OF CLEV ELAND'S hist oric o ld •lations- the & Lake Erie station, under th e bluff a long Ontario WHER E W EST SID E RS h a ve been accustomed to Broad way-E. 9 th Street station of the Nickel Plate Streel 1 became a prize in a war of railroad gianh. board Nicke l P la t e trains- t he W. 25th S treet ala· Road. It w aa torn down in 1928. This drawinq- was It was leveled two years ago to provide apace for lio n. lt is to be abandoned. made in the '80s. tracka to enter the new station. JUNE 29. !930 CLEVELAN D P LAIN DEAL ER UN ION TERMINAL SEC I JON P AC F. T W ENTY-THREE Two Old Union Stations and a Little History OUR years after Cleve THIS ? Hardly. land saw its first rail Cieveland' & first railroad union F road locomotive. o n at• l ion, er'ected in 1853 on the Ia kefr ont . It was d e.troyed by Nov. 3. 1849, the pioneer fire in 1864. Note the wharves railroads entering the ci ty and tr.ain shed, built on piers realized the need for joint extending into the lake. station and terminal facili ties. In the beginning of rail across the tracks to theit road transportation 111 Cleve trains. land, executives of the rail Amasa Stone. jr., presiden t roads and t he people of the of the Cleveland & Eric Rail city were too excited about road. designed th e station. the new mode of transporta and his bust formed the key tion to give serious thought stone of the entrance arch. to the erection of passenger The banquet preceded the stations or their proper loca open ing of the station by two tion. days. The ba nquet itself From 1849 until 1853, was one of the greatest ever passengers entered and left held in Cleveland. It was the railroad coaches at make served in 14 courses, and shift, hastily erected statious each course included as many a f o n ~side which the wood as 12 items. Loin of hea r was hurmng, puffing little loco on the menu ca rd. for Cleve mo tives pulled their string of land still wasn't far from the queer coaches filled with frontier. curious people. In the first Cleveland's first passcn y('~i" i.;.d; lhl. C:.k\·cl::t.,d. (<' ' g,·r hou se had cost $75,00(1 lumbus & Cincinnati RaJI The second depot cost the I'Oad, now the Big Four, tremendous figure of $475,- operated into Cleveland it 000. Now Cleveland has a hauled 31 ,679 Yz passengers, union station project proper the one-half passenger be which has cost in the neigh ing counted as a ch ild under THE OLD UNION STATION OF TODAY.-Con>truction work was atuted in 1864 and the ala tion was completed in 1866 borhood of $88.000,000. alllt, 6 years. including other buildings and The need was apparent. kindred developments, $ 150,- ated, an "eatinghouse;'225 by sat the railroad builders roof. Wreaths and garlands th erefore, because of the whose energy and vision had 000,000. public's intense interest in 40 feet, as well as a freight of flowers hung from the house 145 by 80 feet. All the made the new station pos doorways. The date of th;: The Cleveland . Columbus the new mode of travel, tha( sible. Red. white and blue & Cincinnati. w hich became adequate stations be built buildings were erected of banquet was Nov. I 0, 1866. wood , witi1 a tin roof to wa rd hunting hung in gay festoons The new station was 603 the Big Four; the Cleve land where passengers m i g h t from the iron trusses of the & Erie, which became a part await in comfort tile arrival off the flying and dangerous feet long and I 08 feet wide. sparks of the wood-burning Not a single pillar supported of the New Y ork Central. and departure of trains. and the Cleveland & Pitts Most of the early railroads locomotives. F o r eleven its huge arched roof. The en yea rs this depot served the uineer who built it, P. F. burgh, which became the of the city nat urally were at Pennsylvania, joined to erect tracted to the lake front for fast growing city. M orse, was hailed as a ge Then came a disaster in nius. even as is the bu ilder the old depot. They used it their passenger station and jointly for 64 years. terminal facilities. T he y 1864- a fire that destroyed of 1930's new union station, wer<' attracted to the lake the entire terminal and a re Hen ry D. Jouett. Sa id the For two decades or more shore because of th e pos building of the project be men of thit t clay : after 1866 the old union sibility of erecting wharves ca me necessa r v. That same " This sta tion w ill stand as depot on the lake fron t satis and docks. where rail freight yea r the work on another a monument to the progress fied th e demands of Cleve might be exchanged for ton depot. spoken of at that time ive spirit of Cleveland. It land. But not long after nage carried down the lakes as one of the finest in the will stand through the agl!s. 1890 the first agitation for a in boats. world and one capable of T ime will not affect its stone new railroad station began to In 1853. therefore. the caring for the needs of and iron. W hen Cleveland's be felt. Cleve land. Columbus & Cin Cleveland for generations, population has increase ~! ten Said a book published cinnati, the Ch.:veland & Eric was started. It was com fold this station w ill still he ab'out 19 10. in referring to and the Cleveland & Pitts pleted in 1866. the year it serving t h e city's needs . the old depot: " It was as burgh Railroads. agreed to was thrown open for opera When th e daily passenger ample a structure in its day erect a joint "passenger tion. traffic has increased to as it has latterly become in house" on the lake front on Older citizens can recall 10.000 this excellent and en adequate, filthy and un the site of the present old the gala occasion of the during building will st ill be worthy.'' depot at the foot of W. 9th opening of the beautiful lake ab le to accommodate it." For 64 years the old depot Street, then known as Water front passenger depot, now In that day the roof of the served Cleveland. Through Street.. The old lithographs mentioned with scorn and de building was on the same lev its portals have walked the of the time show this old rision . In 1866 it was the el as the floor of the present great and the near great. the "passenger house" as a pre acme of comfort and con station's waiting room. In famous and the unknown. tentious terminal, with a sta venience. A gigantic banquet the old clays th e passengers Shuffling feet of mi llions of tion for passengers, sheds for was held 111 the new build· entered the station over the travelers have worn its floors. the locomotives and coacht:s, ing by the leading business covered bridge that still Its sturdy beams and sup and docks, wharves a n d mc.n of the city. and proud spans the lower level of ports have groaned under warehouses for the exchange were the words of the speak Front Street. Two stair the weight of increasing of lake freight. ers who toasted the splendid ways descended from the en years. Its once bright ex This "passenger house," Jncl rrctentious new depot. THE OLD Union Station haa a terior h <~s become tarnished tower. too! How many Cleve . trance to the track level, Cleveland's first union rail Am,•sa Stone, j r., sat at the where the waiting rooms and and marred by six decades head o · the long, white ban lande rs have noted this tower road station, was 363 by 125 on the old lake front alation? the dining room were placed . of a city's dirt. feet in dimension. In con quet tat>lc. Side by side, all T he pitssengers had to walk Now its work is done and .iun ction ,,·ith it. was oper - down the length of the table, its passing is at hand . PAGE TWENTY-FOUR CLEVELAND PLAIN DEALER U N ION TERMI NAL SECTION JUNE 29. 1930 nut 1ts slow and tortuous HEN Gen. George ~ path. W Goethals carved a Lnst of all came the signal ca nal across the men .1nd th e electricians. Isthmus of P;111a ma. defeat Development of the Project, a T I H.~Y ..:onstructed elahoratl..: the framework for the proj can be made here. T he tric locomotive repair shops, and greal, who COinhincd t>c t was laid. An engineer photographs on the accom inspection sheds and storage their skill. their sinew and ing staff- composed in the panying pages tell the story barns were built at hoth Col their gold to produce this main of engineers who built better than words. Steam linwood and Linndale. Power thing which means so mu..:h the giant G rand Central Ter shovels hissed and groaned houses were built along th e to the Cleveland Area's fu minal project in New York as they tore into the vitals right-of-way. 0 u t I y i n g ture. Let him reca ll that the City for the New York Cen of hu ~c embankments, where un ion stations were <.:on world knows much of th e tral l~a i lr oad-was broug;ht old buildings once stood. structed at East Cleve land Pilnillna Canal. T hen let him to Cleveland and put to T housands of men toiled and Linndale. The years think that Cleve land can work on the blueprints. An through the seasons. adding went hurrying by while this daim a near parallel to that idea may be gained of the brain to the efforts of remakin of a ci wound wonderful achievement. JUNE 29, 1930 CLEVELAND PLAIN DEALER UNION TERMINAL SECTION PACE TWENTY-FIVE A RECULARLY SCHEDULED pauenger train crosses the n e w C uyahoga viaduct on ita winding entrance to the new Union Station.-A landma rk in Cleveland hi•· The Grot (but n ot ocheduled ) train to enter the Un;on Station·.-Long b efore the Union Station was completed this train carried into it officials of many railro•ds. FIRST STONE laid in conatruction of the the Terminal Tower Building .-This was done od Ma rch 16, 1927. First shovelful of dirt turned in making ready for construction of Terminal Tower Building. --Sept. 28, 1923. for a concre te retaininc wall along a PAGE TWENTY-SIX CLEVELAND PLAIN DEALER UNION TERMINAL SECTION JUNE 29, 1930 HIGHER AND HIGHER worked the builders ao, day GROUP of mammoth foundation piers sunk for the Terminal day, week by week, the Terminal Tower Building reared Building.-Note the excavation• for connecting concrete head farther into tbe sky. JUNE 29, 1930 CLEVELAND PLAIN DEALER UNION TERMINAL SECTION PAGE TWENTY-SEVEN Old and New Union Stations Afford Study m Contrasts LEFT: Coach yard a at old Union Station. RIGHT : Coac h yarda at new Union Station. .- ---"· PAGE TWENTY-EIGHT DEALER UNION TERMINAL JUNE 29, 1930 ! Inspired by the . ····· ···~· Tower JUNE 29, 1930 CLEVELAND PLAIN DEALER UNION TERMINAL SECTION PAGE enJineer of construction -He I ,000 cld buildings. C. P. MARSH, structures. LEFT: C . D . Cronk, .a.ssistant signal engineer. PACE THIRTY CLEVELAND PLAIN DEALER UNION TERMINAL SECTION JUNE 29, 1930 THE "TOM THUMB" made ita 6rat trip over t h e Baltimore a trip from Baltimore to Ellicott'a Milia, Md. (th irteen miles) "THE ST OURRIDCE LION," aaid to be the 6rat locomotive ,-.A.I..__ _:Y~o:.:r~k:....:b:.:u:.:i::l;.t~i~t;_.------,------., to turn a wheel by steam on a track in the W estern H e mi· 5phere--The firat run was made o n the Delaware & Hudson Railroad, Aug. 8, 1829. " DE WITT CLINTON TRAIN," 6rat to be operated in the~ - -- a tate of New York.- Made its 6rst trip in 1831 on the Mo- "OLD l~ONSIDES , " 6rat locomot_ive built by the Baldwin~ THE :::o\TLANTIC" ( 18 ~2) , 6rot of the ugr•••· hawk & Hudson original unit of the Ne w York Central Locomohve Worko.-Complete d 1n November, 18 32, for hopper type.-lt waa 1n actual service sixty 1 y atem. ... ' the Philadelphia, Germantown & Norristown Railroad. yeara. icturing Evolution of the Locomotive The piC'!urr s~' d s !'a ~:~ ~ugg e~ t thl' ~u c cessiOI : 'Jf imj:lO\emcnts which have marked the drvelopment of the stea m lo comotive in Americil.. The .> tory of the steam locomotive. chapter by chapter, is one of changes in size, shape. weight, speed and pUlling power.- With the de velopment of these features ca me refine ments in mechanism that have contributed heavily to efficiency and safety. THE "THOMAS JEFFERSON" (1836), one of the 6rat to have a cab for the engineer. The B. & 0. used it THE " LAFAYETTE," built in 1 837, waa the 6rat B. & 0 . in switching service as la te as 1893. locomotive to have a horizontal boiler and six whee ls~ "CAMEL BACK" locomotive (1848).-So-called because the made it neceasary to place the engine er'a cab atop the boiler. THE " MASON NO. 2~, " :-?ade in 1853, is often referred to aa the " father of the tives were not tben the voaue. A~erican type of engtne. ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE to b e placed (1894 ) in a ctual o peratio n on a steam railway.- lt is known as Baltimore & Ohio Electric Locom otive No. 1. LEFT: The famou s '•999," placed in service in 18 93.-Dra wing the Empire Stale Express, it ma d e a world record, ·1 12.5 miles an hour. The record still stands. JUNE 29, 1930 CLEVELAND PLAIN DEALER UNION TERMIN AL SECTION PACE · THIRTY-ONE KING OF STEAM LOCOMOTIVES! Thia giant . with eigh t drive whee ls a. nd weighing 459 ton s, is the • · of the Great Northern fleet. It ia one of the largeat --:---. loco mo tives in the world. Compare it with the "Stour· · ... ·; ridge Lion," pictured o n the opposite page . TOLEDO RAILROAD ' Modern T fllli·:::-ns Now.. Pil~,?:tl';;"Di~tancis , ·'· GREAT BROAD GAUGE, DOUBLE TRACK &. TELEGRAPH ROUTE TO . The prog~ml! ~piz~y areti'is are· flection oi i1 '"j~~ : ';'progress of its N~w Y~rt. B~~mn &rui Ea~mrn Cill~~. transportati(J~~~on e are the CREAT THROUGH ROUTE, :, .,·:j:: 1jj1iHi jil, -;. colts of the rafls/ 'tl,t?.tncted in early .,,.,... ·.1.· C l e v e I a n 1d Jld,ilroiUl advertise- ments appJ'JiJH~g· on . this. page! 'IJfi'd CLEVE LAND., COLUMBUS, Distance no 1l(inger is· an obstacle in "goingth~~M: --il!~f,lting back." - From todav on. Cleveland and II RAILROAD. 1864. !865. I\ , .. , , , , / 1,\ 11 1 1 11 Ill.' PE NNSYLVANIA RAI L ROAD New B1'oa.d Cauge P!SS f.'1'4 :~: n . n n:uah. ll.lll. t: XP!I &'\.~ ,\ n :u :mt.ll'll tu n n :. T HE LARGEST ELEC TRIC LOCOMOTIVES in the world will dra w tr aina in to C levela nd's n e w U nio n S ta t io n . Twe nty-two of th e type h ere ah o w n h ave been d elivere d by the Genera l Ele ctric Co. = · PA GE Ti-ur;;r v .Two CLEVELAND PLAIN l>EAI J:: R UNJOfol TERMINAL S ECTION JUNE 29, 1930