https//doi.org/10.31261/PN.4028.03

Tvrtko Vuković Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences University of [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0629-5367

Humanities at the Periphery The Return to Philology and the Importance of Literary Studies

Summary: The first chapter of the paper summarizes the devaluation process of the humanistic values that has begun in the West a few decades ago. The question is why and how the so-called knowledge societies marginalize humanistic kno- wledge. The second, third, and fourth chapters are the proposal of the mission of the humanities today: pushed out to society’s periphery, the humanities have the task of preserving skills, experiences, and knowledge that so-called knowledge society considers needless. Thereby, the paper advocates the importance of re- turning to philology, as Paul de Man puts it in his article Return to Philology, and tries to show the extent to which philology, ceasing to be national, becomes a communal, political and ethical force. Keywords: humanities, philology, study of literature, politics of literature

1. The spectre of humanities is haunting the market and the university

“Do not study history or archaeology, you will not get a job. Study natural sciences instead, that is profitable”1. These words are a para- phrase of the address of the President of the Republic of , Ko- linda Grabar Kitarović, to students during her visit to a high school in

1 Jutarnji.hr, “Nastavnici povijesti s Filozofskog fakulteta o istupu Grabar-Kitarović,” Ju- tarnji list, September 15, 2019, accessed October 26, 2019, https://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/ hrvatska/nastavnici-povijesti-s-filozofskog-fakulteta-o-istupu-grabar-kitarovic-neugodno- smo-iznenadeni-da-predsjednica-ucenicima-sugerira-sto-da-ne-studiraju/9358640/. 20 Periferija – teorija, poetika, politika / Peryferie – teoria, poetyka, polityka an excessively daring hyperbole, but I but hyperbole, excessivelydaring an like seem may devastation of image this Tosome, destruction. of edge or peripheral as designated A marginal. terminologically be longer such no is can society it our that in devaluation and collapse its of proportion The echoes today. nausea, humanities the even of value and role and place, the about discomfort opinion public cause which can disbelief proposal, from bureaucratic apart commonsensical This ladies. or waitresses cleaning cooks, as the summer on the over work islands and coast from Dalmatian teachers female underpaid and verished mgy lre ot a out blurted smugly the of One season. a tourist participants, upcoming discussion the of context the in labour shortages of issue the on focused broadcast, Radiotelevision Croatian on media and political current the show 2019talk political2, the April On spheres. from suitable anecdote domain public an national by exemplified the is in light to comes harmless, nor the in and schoolsstudies. literary of framework secondary and primary of in system educational literature the studying and teaching of necessity the numerous about fostered discussions turn in has This humanities. the of importance the s n nttto. A institution. an ruined as tendentiously very and ballast, economic as denigrated public, the on been the in neglected has systematically been has it humanities decades, several Fordecline. the of value the world, the in elsewhere of and Europe In sense. relation broadest the in the humanities the to societies modern in visible clearly is former The two opinion, processes. my inseparable in are, These humanities. the a of field the also in scholars but lamentation, consternation, the humanities the of a spirit is evil the of exorcism The forward. move can society and market the that so possible as soon as exorcized be must it consequently, and, society market-oriented the haunting is humanities the of spectre the fear: irrational spreading worldviewby utilitarian the a actually is it proposition, a as someone to seem may statement her Although . 2 youtube.com/watch?v=C-RRsPSzlwg.

“O HRT1, How the defamation of the humanities, which is neither sporadic sporadic neither is which humanities, the of defamation the How widespread phenomenon today, and the painful side effects are are effects side painful the and today, phenomenon widespread turističkoj sezoni,” HRT1, April 2, 2019, accessed Jun 18, 2020, https://www. 2020, 18, Jun accessed 2019, 2, April HRT1, sezoni,” turističkoj more appropriate description of this trend would be: on the the on be:would trend this of description appropriate more ecin o hs iln shs i a is schism violent this to reaction rpsl o te ouin o h cii: e impo let crisis: the to solution the for proposal technocrat close to the ruling establishment, establishment, ruling the to close technocrat faithful reflection of the empowerment of empowerment the of reflection faithful have decided to use exactly this this exactly use to decided have strong resistance of the the of resistance strong Otvoreno ehnig of rethinking 2 , which runs runs which reasonable - perception, keeping in mind a mind in keeping perception, ties at Britain’s universities Britain’suniversities at ties very least, indicate a indicate least, very the at intruder annoying an or parasite unbearable of an as denigration humanities the unjustified rather but persistent the as such symptoms, a often is it is But sciences justified. natural the for elite political and social interest the of the concern that and seem may It universities. over prevailed has that age - langu economic the in describe to difficult more and tangible less are Its strokes. painful he asks: “How to steer someone that would rather earn a earn rather would that someone steer to “How asks: he a with quality humanities the for discredit to forget not However,does opportunities he education. in differences social vast of background the a circumvents completely author the expected, As bucks. big the get to sciences tural na of field the in employedpeople for easier is it that fact banal the to reduced is area STEM the of importance social the about speak should the in STEM on pamphlet of a published Management, and Economics ofSchool Zagreb The at politics. I high by and academia illustrated the is both from chatter arising idleexamples numerous just not is hysteria STEM That society. 4 3 mar/29/war-against-humanities-at-britains-universities. mar/29/war-against-humanities-at-britains-universities. https://www.theguardian.com/education/2015/ 2019, 26, October accessed 2015, 29, March profitability and usability market of pressure the under outputs and outcomes goals, to professors, slavery and students, pupils, of activities of quantification of mena: the workbureaucratization at universities, the monetization and Earth. the of face the off study fields of these wipe literally and funding departments humanities deny to hesitate not do and knowledge using and evaluating of criteria economic the mystify bureaucrats ciency.well-paidThereby, like is UK a the in education higher that suggests article the of content Uvod Uvod

will refer to two recent cases. Boris Podobnik, the vice dean of science dean vice the Podobnik, Boris cases. recent two refer to will Alex Preston, “The war against humanities at Britain’s universities,” universities,” Britain’s at humanities against war “The Preston, Alex Bill Readings, Readings, Bill cheap pun. Promoting a Promoting pun. cheap battleground of a of battleground The point at issue is a is issue at point The Ideja izvrsnosti Ideja and 4 . In such an environment, the humanities naturally suffer suffer naturally humanities the environment, an such In . Sveučilište u Sveučilište number of ethical issues that have been accumulating in in accumulating been have that issues ethical of number products cruel combat for cost effectiveness and market effi market and effectiveness cost for combat cruel . severely ruined health of the so-called knowledge so-called the of health ruined severely (Zagreb: Meandarmedia, 2018). Cf. the chapters chapters the 2018). Cf. Meandarmedia, (Zagreb: ruševinama kind of technocratic dictatorship in education education in dictatorship technocratic of kind ae f TM ytra a i wr, whose were, it as hysteria, STEM of case whole series of already hard-rooted pheno hard-rooted already of series whole , unlike those derived from the STEM area, area, STEM the from derived those unlike , published in in published Jutarnji list Jutarnji coverage titled coverage , daily newspaper. A newspaper. daily , The Guardian The The war against humani against war The 3 . The editorial editorial The . living by re by living h Guardian The text that that text kind kind - - - - - ,

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Boris Podobnik, “Zašto je u je “Zašto Podobnik, Boris Darija Radan Jakovčević, “Ministrica Divjak za RD: Preporučujem Lori Vidović da se se da Vidović Lori Preporučujem RD: za Divjak “Ministrica Jakovčević, Radan Darija , February 11, 2019, accessed October 26, 2019, https://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/ 2019, 26, October accessed 2019, 11, February , A I is a is Ruins in University am not sure whether any form of objective and accurate market market accurate and objective of form any whether sure not am number ofnumber that seriouslyboth causes of tackled studies the devalu- itnuse poesr f hsc ad cnmc mks u of fun makes economics and physics of professor distinguished : Radio Dalmacija Radio The Delusions of the Knowledge Society Knowledge the of Delusions The hrvatskoj politici danas tako malo STEM-ovaca?,” malo tako danas politici hrvatskoj , April 9, 2019, accessed October 26, 2019, https://www. 2019,26, October accessed 2019,9, April , s osaty dniid ih the with identified constantly is objective kind of classic of the genre. genre. the ofclassic of kind different kind of knowledge; namely, of kind different ; The Marketplace of Ideas: Re Ideas: of Marketplace The calculation could be made to to made be could calculation ; The Usefulness of the the of Usefulness The 5 am fully convinced convinced fully am It is disappointing disappointing is It ; Not for Profit: for Not The Theory of Theory The Jutarnji Jutarnji 6 . - - n hc kolde s ai ol i i cn e cone for accounted be can it if only valid is knowledge which circumstances of in solutions possible and clarification offer to attempts and Useless collapse of the influence of humanistic ideas humanistic of influence the ofcollapse rapid the forscapegoat the academic, traditional the of eyes the in least at becomes, soon it with, deals methods it subject and the of points indisputability the starting and own its of validity the question to cease a is Theory the Press, 2013). Press, Small, Helen 2017); Books, Dry Ordine, 2010); Nuccio Company, and ton W.W.Nor York‒London: (New University American the in Resistance and Reform Ideas. Menand, 2010);Louis Press, University Princeton (Princeton‒Oxford: i Liessmann, 11 10 9 8 7 philology to Return 2. ieay studies” of literary bankruptcy “the stimulates Theory the that accusations to response arguments on the humanities as a as humanities the on arguments our hear must community, our of destiny the and destiny our shape that a become I and happy prosperous. be to wishing community every for a humanities of as field the philology nurture and preserve to I studies, literary of field the from more several including and above mentioned publications the mind in sity of Minnesota Press, 2002),22. Press, Minnesota of sity Press, 2015). Press, tique and consequently and for its worldwide universities, 1970sthe in rise 1980s and American at Theory French so-called the general, in and, deconstruction of institutionalization successful the on impact mendous (Minneapolis‒London: University of Minnesota Minnesota of University 2008). Press, (Minneapolis‒London: States United the of Life Intellectual the

Turk, 2009); Martha Nussbaum, Nussbaum, Martha 2009); Turk, Bill Readings, Readings, Bill Francois Cusset, Cusset, Francois Small, Paul De Man, “Return to Philology,” in Philology,”in to “Return Man, De Paul That process is analysed in detail and convincingly by Rita Felski in in Felski Rita by convincingly and detail in analysed is process That . Rita Felski, Felski, Rita . Paul de Man is one of the most influential scholars who had a had who scholars influential most the of one is Man de Paul The Value of the Humanities, Humanities, the of Value The (Zagreb: Naklada Jesenski Jesenski Naklada (Zagreb: znanja društva Zablude neobrazovanosti. Teorija defensive lamentation. Politicians and their consultants, those those consultants, their and Politicians defensivelamentation. are some of the more recent recent more the of some are Humanities the of Value The vuiit u Sveučilište ge wt toe h tik ht hs eae hud not should debate this that think who those with agree

Theory. French (Chicago‒London: The University of Chicago Chicago of University The (Chicago‒London: Critique of Limits The type of reflection on literature and culture that does not does that culture and literature on reflection of type 11 was interesting: we should return to philology. In In philology. to return should we interesting: was (Zagreb: Meandarmedia, 2018); Konrad Paul Paul Konrad 2018); Meandarmedia, (Zagreb: ruševinama The Value of the Humanities Humanities the of Value The Humanities the Needs Democracy Why Profit. for Not How Foucault, Derrida, Deleuze, & Co. Transformed Transformed Co. & Deleuze, Derrida, Foucault, How cf. the chapter chapter the cf. (Philadelphia: Paul Paul (Philadelphia: Useless the of Usefulness The The Resistance to Theory to Resistance The necessary public good public necessary will try to show why it is important important is it why show to try will Use and Usefulness and Use discipline discipline 10 . In this respect, de Man’sde respect, this In . (Oxford: Oxford University University Oxford (Oxford: . (Minneapolis: Univer- (Minneapolis: . par excellence excellence par The Marketplace of of Marketplace The 8 The Limits of Cri of Limits The . , 59‒88. , 7 9 . Bearing Bearing . . Because.

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Tvrtko Vuković: Humanities at the Periphery… 23 24 Periferija – teorija, poetika, politika / Peryferie – teoria, poetyka, polityka imagination the with fragments, of identification the skills, philological important most the of one connects he example, For concealment. rent transpa completely never and unavoidable some preserving taneously in simul them, exposes life, objects to them brings but process, cultural hermeneutical the dematerializes that method interpretative an not is philology opinion, Gumbrecht’s In etc.). cognition, final from analyses a already always is a of given rhetorical and poetic rules; above all, he focuses on a on focuses he all, above rules; poetic and rhetorical given of application and adoption an articulate not does and he rhetorically Thereby, poetically. analysed primarily be to has literature that out points the ungarbledprocess ofduring De Man thus hermeneutic interpretation. a understood as longer no is literature that itself, literature of study the for mean, would Consequently,this knowledge.proven and institutions the beyond emerges that language of dimension pragmatic and experiential 14 13 12 (Urbana‒Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2003). Press, Illinois of University (Urbana‒Chicago: remarks that it is a is it that remarks a shape must philology nostalgia, academic the of gesture empty another be to power the Urlichof reconsiders philology Gumbrecht today. not order In touch, which, in the sense that touch is conceived by Jean-Luc Nancy Jean-Luc by conceived is touch that sense the in which, touch, of effect the producing for and texts, the including things, material tant to the meaning it produces” it meaning the to prior language of structure “the exploring of importance the emphasize a practicality, and utility of philology.of In utility and practicality, in are agency its I separable, and signs the of interpretation the that and thought theses. these precisely mind in bearing uselessness and impracticality for denigration the against philology as literature national of study the of enormous benefitif wetriedto defendtoday’s philologyand, therefore, would be it opinion, my itself.In content the of transparency and clarity of pursuit the not and forming content of process the of understanding a as revealing its than rather conveyingmeaning and ofproducingtools ofthe analysis

polemicaltitledtext Hans Urlich Gumbrecht, Gumbrecht, Urlich Hans Jean-Luc Nancy, Jean-Luc De Man, “Return to Philology,” 24.Philology,” to “Return Man, De discipline inherent in theoretical inquiry. He was particularly keen to to keen particularly was He inquiry. theoretical in inherent discipline

Starting from the assumption that language is an essence of human human of essence an is language that assumption the from Starting source desire for making the past present by literally embodying it. He it. embodying literally by present past the making for desire

of historical and humanistic truths necessarily materialising materialising necessarily truths humanistic and historical of want to add to this discussion the idea of the politicalness, politicalness, the of idea the discussion this to add to want

completed concept. Such philological reading could be an an be could philologicalSuch completedconcept. reading (New York: Fordham University Press, 2008). Press, University York:Fordham (New Corpus desire for a for desire eaain (a separation Return to Philologyto Return h Pwr o Piooy Dnmc o Txul Scholarship Textual of Dynamics Philology. of Powers The 12 . It is, therefore, necessary to analyse the the analyse to necessary therefore, is, It . physical relationship to completely dis completely to relationship physical eaain f rtn fo sne of sense, from writing of separation The Powers of Philology of Powers The de Man observes philology observes as Man de 13

careful careful , Hans Hans , 14 - - - - , f fr ntne te hllgcl set o “rtn commentaries” sake “writing the of for aspects philological text the the of instance, for truth of, the of depth the into penetration utical similar ideas. Especially cf. chapter chapter cf. Especially ideas. similar brushing against the non-transparency of textual material would be be would material textual a of non-transparency the on against based commenting brushing petty cavilling, minute, Such cognition. the of on based be to a able be should language, from stems that cognition to regard, philology, as as this literature of In study the reading. philological of survival the and survival their the convey persistently they seed that meaning commentaries, of number a of texts best The commented. scrutinized and completely be cannot what of importance the to refer also ries to Derrida’s idea of the commentaries supplementarity. Furthermore, commenta links directly Gumbrecht why precisely is This knowledge. a principle in it making and it, meaning broaden but final its of point the to text the narrow not do Commentaries university is increasingly dragging us into a into us dragging increasingly is university fusion. emotional and attachment, self-criticism, curiosity, surprise, enchantment, the combines that sture ig ht ed t ceto. oee, hs rain s not is creation this However, creation. to leads that king thin fragment. practical of the ofcharacteristics have therefore, materiality decisions, Philological the by appears suddenly that past the of presence for physicalthe the desire from neverseparated is and imagine to ability the on based is experience historical This the present. the brings to thus past and past the of objects the on itself feeds literally that te tig, eie h ie o itrrtto aadnn a abandoning interpretation of idea the revise things, other unknown. and foreign, distant, the to prone being by order law, and discipline, the of ideas the and oneself towards rigor then build and to how order non-violently, and to it invisible distribute is what reveal to how it, underestimating without non-inclusive the include to how us teaches so important Philology an role. plays material arranged or existing discovered be the cannot of what that arrangement where careful and spacing a rather precise is of it creator, the of role the consecrate not does 15

commitment to what appears as an unknowable boundary in that type type that in boundary unknowable an as appears what to commitment Gumbrecht, Gumbrecht, gesture that makes it impossible to close the meaning, but also a also but meaning, the close to impossible it makes that gesture Today, when we feel on our own skin that the bureaucratized bureaucratized the that skin own our on feel we when Today, I f leiiiy r nopeesblt, hc i cuil oh for both crucial is which incomprehensibility, or illegibility of sue ht h suy f ieaue s hllg sol, among should, philology as literature of study the that assume The Powers of Philology of Powers The Digging down and Standing Back Standing and down Digging , 41. Rita Felski in in Felski Rita 41. , culture are recognized by a by recognized are culture and and phyla never-ending, open field of field open never-ending, dead end of quantification quantification of end dead advocates advocates Critique of Limits The logos , as fierce loyalty fierce as , . certain kind kind certain x nihilo ex hermene large large ge it ; 15 - - - - .

Tvrtko Vuković: Humanities at the Periphery… 25 26 Periferija – teorija, poetika, politika / Peryferie – teoria, poetyka, polityka Ohio State University Press, 2006). Press, University State Ohio Publishers, Associates Zunsine, 2002); Erlbaum Lisa Lawrence Jersey‒London: (Mahwah‒New Insight tation, Dennis J. Sumara, Sumara, J. Dennis 2004); Press, YaleUniversity Haven‒London: (New Century 21st the in Matters Literature pismenosti do čitateljske sposobnosti sposobnosti čitateljske do pismenosti in which philology moves and changes itself” changes and movesphilology which in (…) unanalyzable a is is what only incomprehensible, is what (…) only loved; be can disconcerting Werner is what “onlyHamacher’sof thesis:63rdphilological message the precisely is This useless. the of usefulness emerge: wouldthe uncanny, as world today’s the of perspective the from a up opening to fidelity ofact an be would It un-purposefulness. as considers society knowledge a for litera sympathy national cherish of should ture study the within work philological utilization, and York: Routledge, 2018); Anita Peti-Stantić, Peti-Stantić, Anita 2018); Routledge, York: Waxler, i imaginacija na i Jesenski (Zagreb: Felski, književnosti Rita 2015); Press, Chicago of University The (Chicago‒London: Critique Eaglestone, for Means It What and Reading Bruns, Vischer University Cristina 2016); (Toronto‒Buffalo‒London: Press, Academy Toronto the of in Speed Seeber, of K. Culture Barbara the and Challenging Berg Maggie 2015); Routledge, York‒London: Standardization and Objectivity Scientific of Age an in Matters Fiction Reading Why media on the mental and physical health of the youngest population, and and physical youngest population, of and the health mental the on media digital effect of harmful the about Pediatrics of Academy American the 17 16 useless the of usefulness The 3. tdig literature studying and teaching, reading, of importance utmost the demonstrate to aiming published, been have ‒ neuroesthetics and literature, of studies gnitive co linguistics, to psychology theory, cultural and literary philosophy, a from studies of number enviable a the decades, In two world. last modern the for useless as itself literature and literature,

Cf. list of literature: Janet Alsup, Alsup, Janet of literature: list Cf. Werner Hamacher, “95 Theses on Philology,” on Theses “95 Hamacher, Werner o cn fe ha cnento o te uaiis te td of study the humanities, the of condemnation hear often can You Why Reading Books Still Matters. The Power of Literature in Digital Times Digital in Literature of Power The Matters. Still Books Reading Why possible object of philology. But it is not an an not is philology.ofit objectpossible But (Cambridge: Polity, 2019); Rita Felski, Felski, 2019);Polity,Rita (Cambridge: Matters it Why Literature. (Zagreb: Deltakont, 2005); Martha C. Pennigton and Robert P. Robert and Pennigton C. Martha 2005); Deltakont, (Zagreb: život javni Why Reading Literature in School Still Matters Still School in Literature Reading Why (Columbus: The The (Columbus: Novel the and Mind of Theory Fiction. Read Me Why 17 Baig n id h aamn dt pbihd by published data alarming the mind in Bearing . full range of research has been launched and an an and launched been has research of range full Turk, 2016); Martha Nussbaum, Nussbaum, 2016);Turk, Martha Teaching (New York‒London: Continuum, 2011); Robert Robert 2011); Continuum, York‒London: (New Teaching A space in literature from which things, seen seen things, which from literature in space Case for Teaching Literature in the Secondary School Secondary the in Literature Teaching for Case (Zagreb: Ljevak, 2019); Mark William Roche, Roche, William Mark 2019); Ljevak, (Zagreb: iajm o (spo)razumijevanja do Čitanjem variety of disciplines ‒ ranging from from ranging ‒ disciplines of variety persevering openness to what the the what to openness persevering Diacritics Literature? Why 16 , vol. 39, no 1 (2008):36.1 39, no vol. , . Pjesnička pravda. Književ pravda. Pjesnička object . Imagination, Interpre Imagination, The Value of Literary Literary of Value The , it is an area area an is it , Slow Professor. Professor. Slow . The Limits of of Limits The Od čitalačke čitalačke Od Namjene Namjene . (New (New . (New (New Why Why - - - - . igitc vn. t lcs h rae “n a “in reader the places It event. incomparable linguistic and exceptional an is hand, other the on poetry, Lyrical 2019), the chapter chapter existence 2019),the human in Andrić, storytelling Peternai the of Kristina cf. role the About 239. 2000), Press, University ford eetees a itne none o a of situations. encounter intense communication not an other Nevertheless, does in what understood of be cannot understanding and appear intellectual and emotional an thus importance of literature is multifaceted: is literature of importance the that conclude authors the analyses, theoretical various and research experimental of instances numerous account into Takingresponsibility. a about achieving development, debate personal of urgent process the an in for literature of role come the has time the that warn Waxler and Pennigton curricula, school high and elementary in knowledge STEM of importance the of highlighting over-emphasized and imbalanced the versity Press, 2015), 221. 2015), Press, versity 20 19 18 comes are often at odds with the characters’ intentions and purposes” and intentions characters’ the with odds at often outare comes actual whose interactions, and actions decisions, which choices, for crises call and The trials predicaments, attitudes. conflicts, “entail ethical plots narrative and categories cognitive epistemological develop it, form organize abilities, and experience gain to us allow They

Pennigton, Waxler, Pennigton, Yiannis Gabriel, Gabriel, Yiannis higher quality of life, learning social skills or developing an ethical ethical an developing or skills social learning life, of quality higher Jonathan Culler, Culler, Jonathan Language and narratives are an inalienable part of human existence. existence. of human part inalienable an are narratives and Language rvds oes o hmn ie ht r isiig n ta help (…) that future the for and aspirations positive create people inspiring are that life human for models provides questions; ethical complex raises existence; human of themes key fosters others; a as understand serves beings; human forother empathy and read to ability the improves and complexity human for appreciation inspires change; for ssibilities po the and potentials creative enlarges thus and experiences and ideas new to openness increases identity; individual velopmentof de the and self the of understanding cultivates oneself; for think and information interpret to ability knowledge; the improvesneral ge and (…);vocabulary media builds other beyond go that ways in imagination the and mind the engages us; calm and excite both can and emotions our arouses nature; sensuous our to us Connects Zagovor književnosti Zagovor (Cambridge‒Massachusetts‒London: Harvard Uni Harvard (Cambridge‒Massachusetts‒London: Lyric the of Theory Ofr: Ox (Oxford: Fantasies Fictions, Facts, organizations: in Storytelling Why Reading Books Still Matters Still Books Reading Why (Zagreb: Meandarmedia, Meandarmedia, (Zagreb: invaliditet identitet, Pripovijedanje, . edr ih itoa txs be texts, fictional with reader , 18‒19., oil situation” social cultural bridge to the the to bridge cultural 18 . 20 requiring requiring 19 ------.

Tvrtko Vuković: Humanities at the Periphery… 27 28 Periferija – teorija, poetika, politika / Peryferie – teoria, poetyka, polityka perceptual bias toward fearful expression,” expression,” fearful toward bias perceptual in2019/files/2019/04/Johnson12.pdf. https://blogs.baruch.cuny.edu/literatureandthebra 2019, 17, November accessed (2012), 55 classic moral stories promote honesty in children? in honesty promote stories moral classic A situation. real-life the in empathy showedmore who were more of involved also empathy participants story the The with a by followed analysed, was plot story the with identifying their oflevel the which empathy,after a encourages that read first participants research The others. help to willingness Reading Literature. Reading ok Sil Matters Still Books the researcher during follow-up questioning than children who did not did who children than questioning a follow-up to during researcher lied the truth the telling was he because succeeded a oad eru expression fearful toward a into ‒ analysis illustrative logical, Another emotional, intelligence. the social of and tests in results better to leads ‒ repulsively in and demanding a semiotically and semantically more ones, popular mind several compelling analyses. compelling several I theses the some of of firmation con experimental provided have neuroesthetics so-called field of the in 24 23 22 21 development” and thus “greatly contributes to the well-being of each each of individual” well-being the to contributes “greatly thus and development” a has reading a to Referring society. in integrated better become to and intelligence onal emoti build to us empowers It development. cognitive his enables and worldview, and consciousness reader’s the reshapes change, promotes undoubtedly Reading performativity. their to relate lyric, or prose they mind,” mind,” rua “a cai mrl tre pooe oet i children?,” in honesty promote stories moral clasic “Can Arruda, et_al_2014_Can_Classic_Moral_Stories_Promote_Honesty_in_Children.pdf. https://ggsc.berkeley.edu/images/uploads/Lee_ 2019,17, November accessed (2014), 25 vol. content/342/6156/377.full.

Peti-Stantić, Peti-Stantić, population of children. Children who read a read who Children children. of population certain way bring to the reader what is difficult, foreign, or perhaps perhaps or foreign, difficult, is what reader the to bring way certain Dan R. Johnson, “Transportation into a into “Transportation Johnson, R. Dan David Comer Kidd and Emanuele Castano, “Reading literary fiction improves theory of theory improves fiction literary “Reading Castano, Emanuele and Kidd Comer David Kang Lee and Victoria Talwar, Anjanie McCarthy, Ilana Ross, Angela Evans, Cindy Cindy Evans, Angela Ross, Ilana McCarthy, Anjanie Talwar, Victoria and Lee Kang h rsac titled research The number of recent neurological studies, Peti-Stantić concludes that that concludes Peti-Stantić studies, neurological recent of number 22 Science

story increases empathy, prosocial behavior, and perceptual bias bias perceptual and behavior, prosocial empathy, increases story shows that reading complex texts ‒ which are, unlike the the unlike are, which ‒ texts complex reading that shows 21 , vol 342 (2013), accessed November 17,2019,http://science.sciencemag.org/ November (2013),accessed 342 vol , Čitanjem do (spo)razumijevanja do Čitanjem . In recent years, cognitive studies of literature or research research or literature of studies cognitive years, recent In . positive effect on “our brains as well as our intellectual intellectual our as well as brains “our on effect positive , the chapters chapters the , Reading literary fiction improves theory of theory improves fiction literary Reading 23 A ‒ measured an increase in empathy and and empathy in increase an measured ‒ Closer Look at Reading Reading at Look Closer have just presented. I presented. just have story increases empathy, prosocial behavior, and and behavior, prosocial empathy, increases story esnlt ad niiul Differences Individual and Personality , 52. Cf. Pennington, Waxler, Pennington, Cf. 52. , simple real-life experiment. experiment. real-life simple story about a about story scooia Efcs of Effects Psychological and team study titled study team 24 was conducted on conducted was scooia Science Psichological will refer here to to here refer will lesser extend to to extend lesser Transportation Why Reading Reading Why hero who hero story story vol. , Can Can - - - , individuals and the entire community. entire the and the individuals to both important are that activities and skills other numerous and thinking critical the ofdeveloping the involvedin is literature studying as law, IT or political science. An interesting example in this regard regard this in example the is interesting An science. political or IT law, such as humanities, the outside philosophy, branches as and such areas humanities, in the and anthropology, of fields other in help can better mentioned, think been us has what from ana- apart that, and strategies operations truth. lytical critical the complex from adopt far we not literature, are reading By skills social valuable other and critical thinking shapes literature reading how about debates theoretical mmon to be able to master basic humanities-related knowledge humanities-related basic master to able be to successfully. words, other she In or communicate he to has and critically and analytically think to able be to has manager IT an that obvious is It mation; 6) supports career development and discusses performance” discusses and development career infor supports 6) shares mation; and and listens productive ‒ communicator is good a 4) is 5) well-being; result-oriented; and success for environment team inclusive an creates 3) micromanage; not do and team the empowers 2) a “1)is manager] IT [an humanities: the with links strong have but knowledge, technological to related not are characteristics six first The sector. IT the a in positions gain leadership to and career important management are skills what explore to was survey I Therefore, claim. this confirm to research reliable little empirical very is there thinking, critical shapes literature reading that opinion general the ed h soy Fnly a aayi o raig nnw ad complex and poems unknown lyric reading of analysis an Finally, story. the read of brain activation by poetry and prose,” prose,” and poetry by activation brain of 25 28 27 26 steps/learn-about-googles-manager-research/. https://rework.withgoogle.com/guides/managers-identify-what-makes-a-great-manager/ pection. intros and memory to related areas brain activates texts accessible less art_An_fMRI_Study_of_Brain_Activation_by_Poetry_and_Prose. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263332872_By_He 2019, 17, November accessed

il doae a advocate will Re:Work, “Learn about Google’s manager research”. Google’smanager about Re:Work,“Learn Adam Zeman and Fraser Milton, Alicia Smith, Rick Rylance, “By heart: An fMRI study study fMRI An heart: “By Rylance, Rick Smith, Alicia Milton, Fraser and Zeman Adam Re:Work, “Learn about Google’s manager research,” research,” Google’s about manager Re:Work,“Learn Cf. for that matter Eaglestone, Eaglestone, matter that for Cf. These and similar forms of experimental research display that co that display research experimental of forms similar and These project recently conducted by Google by conducted recently project Oxygen 25 demonstrates, however, that merging with semantically semantically with merging that however, demonstrates, rsmto ta I that presumption Literature. Why it Matters it Why Literature. Journal of Consciousness Studies Consciousness of Journal can defend more convincingly: convincingly: more defend can Re:Work , 78‒79 , , accessed October 26, 2019, October accessed , 26 . The aim of the the of aim The . 28 . But despite But . , vol. 20 (2013),20 vol. , coach; good successful successful 27 - - - - .

Tvrtko Vuković: Humanities at the Periphery… 29 30 Periferija – teorija, poetika, politika / Peryferie – teoria, poetyka, polityka for decades for whose the poemscollective influence on nationalnot has waned memory poem universitiesand ofhavelyricthe with DobrišaCesarić. familiar beenHis communication-related ambiguous of situations. analysis and communication a the on based Therefore, be not meaning. should final literature the of have study not open may an what in about experiences debate sharing and community interpretive an with a the is Therefore, literature languages. of those of study content and forms the analyse to iey ta I that cisely, suppressed. In that sense, it is not detached from reality. It is rather rather is It reality. from detached a not is it been sense, has that what In or suppressed. digressions, tropes, the of understanding response, attention, our for begs it other act; inventive an any is it As communication, of creativity. form in lies communication literary of nature visible. The less usually are that personality our and life human of aspects experiences, events, those emphasizes out and puts meaning, them gives language, about, into thoughts brings and care we communication what reveals literary matters, what communication, of form every n a on us impact ‒ politics to media from ‒ regu languages different language how and use larly we how clearly understand to us allows ofliterature study the that, Regarding boredom. even and disbelief, acceptance, literary criticism or with one-sided criticism of everything, but in in but everything, of criticism a of one-sided terms with with or solely dealing criticism their of literary terms in not critics, educates and breeds literature of study the words, other In ourselves. and change world the the ultimately others, that about reshape meanings of symbols, transfer and and production managing shape of modes to and able understanding be about should knowledge it students. feeble communication, of active bloodstream the In into literature of truths ultimate it swings them again. / And a And / again. them swings it 4. Philological work in the contemporary study of literature of study contemporary the in work Philological 4. 30 29

real event, a event, real Cf. Eaglestone, Eaglestone, Cf. My translation: “Look at the small fruit tree after the rain: / It is full of raindrops and and raindrops of full is It / rain: the after tree fruit small the at “Look translation: My Generations of students in Croatian elementary and secondary schools I

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socially useful activity that, for example, makes it forexample, makes that, activity useful socially rely on Rita Felski’s ideas formulated in in formulated ideas Felski’s Rita on rely common little tree, miserable and poor.” and miserable tree, little common little while, / All that enchantment vanishes in style. / It / style. in vanishes enchantment that All / while, little Voćka poslije kiše kiše poslije Voćka

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Tvrtko Vuković: Humanities at the Periphery… 31 32 Periferija – teorija, poetika, politika / Peryferie – teoria, poetyka, polityka shown directly, who is being pushed aside, etc. aside, pushed being is whodirectly, shown is who speak, to allowed is who values, its and positions discursive the political. police classify,and always-already arrange, to howof issues the is with corresponds This literature as just is literary, politics The always-already separate. not are politics and aesthetic the of fields that the mind in has therefore philologist The visible. the of spectrum the into comes invisible the text the in others, silences and vote to someone only an butaesthetic also a a of flash the in beauty recognise To permanent impermanent. both and are which identities, fragile our to us, of essentially all to that relates something emerge can entity one in unknown the and we could not mething before. From a so recognize can we Herein attitude. ethical or cognition our in change mation of the visual perspective in in perspective visual the of mation 33 the poem itself can change our our change can itself poem the n i nt las ed fr osnu. A consensus. for ready always not is and values? eternal shapes dialogue, literature, intricate the into orenters questions, asks Mostly,philologist the art, that advocates he which by poems Cesarić’s other conclusionand possible that between relation the is Moreover, what impermanent. and fleeting is itself value aesthetic its a nature ornamental, of a since consists And beauty features. as-trope-like that figurative idea the on based imperma is fleeting, beauty the nent that notes further philologist The perspective. a simply and arbitrary is appearing its of forms the between that and contrast, real no is phi there the that reading, recognizes close lologist by However, Cesarić. by poem this on lesson a secures and as contrast teaching strengthens be, may case the stanzas as Consequently, distinction. the this between border The tree). fruit (small it from derived is what and was)it as again first is it tree, comes little (poor what between tree), little poor common, (habitual, what firm and is tree) fruit small (beauty, decaying is what between op position binary unshakable allegedly an with here dealing are We another. illogicality.out a

Cf. Jacques Rancière, Rancière, Jacques Cf. form of disagreement, objection, asking awkward questions, finding finding questions, awkward asking objection, disagreement, of form rhetorical device in Croatian elementary schools is just part of the the of part just is schools elementary Croatian in device rhetorical h piooia raig lk i teeoe las rtcl I is It critical. always therefore is alike reading philological The poor little tree tree little poor figurative language, the philologist asks the question whether whether question the asks philologist the language, figurative Voćka poslije kiše kiše poslijeVoćka (Novi sad: Adresa, 2008). Adresa, sad: (Novi književnosti Politika are in fact one entity, and that the distinction made made distinction the that and entity, one fact in are

political event. Just as the political law allows Weltanschauung is a is

ok psie kiše poslije Voćka poetic image that unites the known known the unites that image poetic text that says one thing and does does and thing one says that text philological reading affirms affirms reading philological lyric poem is by its very very its by is poem lyric 33 : following the transfor followingthe : could stimulate stimulate could small fruit tree tree fruit small

moment is not is moment matter of matter - - - - - to to reference With problems. serious most the about conversation open an is raised in the curriculum of elementary schools along with teaching teaching a is poem, with this along schools elementary of curriculum the in raised is which contrast, of issue The large. at community the and public general the scientists, cultural but philologistsalso pedagogues, other participate only not which in community, interpretive whole the with connected is a always is reading philological Critical arbitrate it. to about power of locus the in is who and other, the ofat expense privileged the is hierarchy the in position one basis what on formed, is ideas such as alienation or perspectivism. It can also create a create also can It perspectivism. or alienation as such ideas into them translate and include a to struggle can it readings, previous the interrupting of instead comments; add to effort I an make as explained, can, it problem, common the and highlighting of meaning Instead of worlds. networks new of construction the on insist a decomposition, on based demystification and and aggressive less to of forms judgmental the text.with Along interaction deconstruction with reading critical philological the by connected reality. social involvedin critically is reading Philological theorists. literary or historians literary of concern the just not are they unbiased; socially not are problems These power. background and confrontation, olj kiše poslije in contrast of thesis the rejecting or absoluteprimacy, and source a of ideas the demystifying simplyof Instead it. terpret sudden this distribute to how and things of order the in concealed is what light therefore, teachesus, connection and to how construction onbring the to Such a notlogical and enchantment thinking? and the deep-rooted opinions we consider unquestionable.considerwe opinions deep-rooted the and prejudices own our question to unknown, the and foreign the to affinity as a identity about mimicry, as humanity of idea the about we it from can learn What poem? Cesarić’s with close and interconnected still but culture, today’s in manifestations different have not transformation of coincideactually with the fashion-media makeover trend? Does kind this ornate the between life a human of areas other about questions raise will ideas these where

new context; instead of challenging the tradition, it can seek to rein to seek can it tradition, the challenging of instead context; new disintegrated and decaying image, about the insights that result from from result that insights the about image, decaying and disintegrated ite lsr o oa’ raes De nt h ie o te difference the of idea the not Does readers. today’s to closer little Voćka poslije kiše kiše poslijeVoćka However, this style of disagreement and problematization can be be can problematization and disagreement of style this However, novelty a ,

non-violently; it gives us lessons on how to cultivate an an cultivate to how on lessons us givesnon-violently; it hllgcl edn cn ep hm n rlt t other to relate and them keep can reading philological political issue about the identities, divisions, differences, differences, divisions, identities, the about issue political small fruit tree tree fruit small they may refer to how the aesthetic idea of beauty beauty of idea aesthetic the how to refer may they and the misery of the of misery the and

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Tvrtko Vuković: Humanities at the Periphery… 33 34 Periferija – teorija, poetika, politika / Peryferie – teoria, poetyka, polityka ethos on the other is more than obvious. than more humanistic is other the the on ethos and hand one the on community the of about well-being ideas the mediating situation, the assessing thinking, critical skills, are world democratic rhetoric between link the the that and field the in educated the humanities of in leaders of majority vast the that liticians po remind simply can we complexOr good. more public or the about fairness decision-making social for risk-taking as acts purposeful ofa in result ultimately can That people. other the of judgments and emotions, desires, the as well as judgments, and emotions, desires, a provides literature analysing and reading knowledgecomplex about that explain to able be must effectiveness, we the of narrative the is today narratives dominant the of one if Or, gress. be able to explain that philology, as a philology, as that explain to able be must we societies, today’sWestern of progress the in inherent social are risks and exploratory investment, the if example, For necessary. and irreplaceable are signs use and speak, think, we modes the that aucrats Felski, Rita. Rita. Felski, Rita. Felski, Robert. Eaglestone, Philology.”In to “Return Paul. Man, De Francois. Cusset, Jonathan. Culler, Vischer: Cristina Bruns, Seeber. K. Barbara and Maggie Berg, to risk and peril, and as a as and peril, and risk to Alsup, Janet. Janet. Alsup, References 34

Hamacher, “95 Theses on Philology,” 31.Philology,” on Theses “95 Hamacher, Press, 2015. Press, 2002. Press, Minnesota of University 2008. Press, Minnesota of University States United the of Life Intellectual the Transformed 2015. Press, University vard for Means It 2016. of Press, University Toronto Toronto‒Buffalo‒London: Academy. the in Speed 2015. York‒London:Routledge, New Standardization. and Objectivity Scientific of Age an in Matters Fiction ding An extreme effort has to be made to convince the government bure government the convince to made be to has effort extreme An Namjene književnosti Namjene The Limits of Critique of Limits The A Case for Teaching Literature in the Secondary School Secondary the in Literature Teaching for Case Teaching. New York‒London: Continuum, 2011. York‒London:Continuum, New Teaching. hoy f h Lyric the of Theory Theory. French Literature. Why it Matters it Why Literature. Literature? Why consequence has the potential to aid that pro that aid to potential the has consequence . Zagreb: Jesenski i Jesenski Zagreb: . . Chicago‒London: The University of Chicago Chicago of University The Chicago‒London: . How Foucault, Derrida, Deleuze, & Co. Co. & Deleuze, Derrida, Foucault, How CmrdeMsahstsLno: Har Cambridge‒Massachusetts‒London: . Slow Professor. Challenging the Culture of of Culture the Challenging Professor. Slow The Value of Literary Reading and What What and Reading ValueLiterary of The The Resistance to Theory to Resistance The “love for non sequitur,” non “lovefor . Cambridge: Polity, 2019.Polity, Cambridge: . better understanding of our our of understanding better Turk, 2016.Turk, . Minneapolis‒London: Minneapolis‒London: . . Minneapolis: Minneapolis: . 34 . is prone is Why Rea Why number number - - - - - Peti-Stantić, Anita. Anita. Peti-Stantić, Vuković, Tvrtko. Vuković, Dennis. J. Sumara, Rancière, Jacques. Jacques. Rancière, Kristina. 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Tvrtko Vuković: Humanities at the Periphery… 35 36 Periferija – teorija, poetika, politika / Peryferie – teoria, poetyka, polityka Re:Work. “Learn about Google’s manager research”. manager Google’s about Re:Work.“Learn Preston, Alex. “The war against humanities at Britain’s universities.” universities.” Britain’s at humanities against war “The Alex. Preston, o fakulteta Filozofskog s povijesti “Nastavnici Jutarnji.hr. Vidović Lori Preporučujem RD: za Divjak “Ministrica Radan. Darija Jakovčević, oonk Brs “at j u je “Zašto Boris. Podobnik, HRT1. “O sources Online Ključne riječi: vrijednosti humanističkih devalvacije proces sažima rada poglavlje Prvo Sažetak: književnosti studija važnost i filologiji Povratak periferiji. na Humanistika An heart: “By Rylance. Rick Smith, Alicia Milton, Fraser and Adam Zeman, Zunsine, Lisa. Lisa. Zunsine, komunalna, političkai etičkasila. i ka filologiji, onako kako je to Paul de Man oblikovao u kozvano društvo znanja smatra nepotrebnim. Rad stoga zagovara važnost povrat- na periferiju društva, one imaju zadatak očuvati vještine, iskustva i istisnute znanosti: humanističke današnje za zadataka prijedlog donose poglavlje i treće Drugo, znanje. humanističko marginalizirajuznanja društva zvana i zašto je Pitanje desetljeća. nekoliko prije započeo Zapadu na je koji kes-a-great-manager/steps/learn-about-googles-manager-research/. https://rework.withgoogle.com/guides/managers-identify-what-ma 2019, 26, com/education/2015/mar/29/war-against-humanities-at-britains-universities. dian stem-ovaca/8369075/. jutarnji.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/zasto-je-u-hrvatskoj-politici-danas-tako-malo list Jutarnji vić,” talna-reforma-dobro-ocijenjena/. https://www.radiodalmacija.hr/ministrica-divjak-za-rd-eksperimen 2019, 26, informira.” bolje se da www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-RRsPSzlwg. cima-sugerira-sto-da-ne-studiraju/9358640/. o-istupu-grabar-kitarovic-neugodno-smo-iznenadeni-da-predsjednica-uceni www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/nastavnici-povijesti-s-filozofskog-fakulteta- 2006. Press, University State Ohio The MI td o ban ciain y oty n prose.” and poetry by activation brain of study fMRI of_Brain_Activation_by_Poetry_and_Prose. www.researchgate.net/publication/263332872_By_Heart_An_fMRI_Study_ Studies sness ouaa oaai u pokazati pokušava , March 29, 2015. Accessed October 26, 2019,https://www.theguardian. 26, October Accessed 2015.29, March , uani list Jutarnji turističkoj sezoni,” sezoni,” turističkoj humanistika,filologija,studij književnosti,politikaknjiževnosti Why Me Read Fiction. Theory of Mind and the Novel the and Mind of Theory Fiction. Read Me Why Fbur 1, 09 Acse Otbr 6 21, https://www. 2019, 26, October Accessed 2019. 11, February , , vol. 20 (2013): 132–158. Accessed November 17,2019,https:// November (2013): 132–158.20 Accessed vol. , Spebr 5 21. cesd coe 2, 09 https:// 2019. 26, October Accessed 2019. 15, September , kojoj mjeri filologija, prestajući biti nacionalna, postaje nacionalna, biti prestajući filologija, mjeri kojoj ai Dalmacija Radio HRT1 hrvatskoj politici danas tako malo STEM-ovaca?” STEM-ovaca?” malo tako danas politici hrvatskoj , April 2, 2019. Accessed Jun 18, 2020, https:// 18,2020,2019. Jun 2, Accessed April , , April 9, 2019. Accessed October October Accessed 2019. 9, April , Re:Work članku suu Grabar-Kitaro istupu ora o Consciou of Journal . Accessed October October Accessed . Povratak filologiji znanja koja ta- . Columbus: Columbus: . The Guar The kako tako- kako četvrto - - - - ,