International Journal of Entomology and Nematology IJEN

Vol. 4(2), pp. 093-107, December, 2018. © www.premierpublishers.org. ISSN: 2326-7262

Research Article

New Species of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera: , ) of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) from Pakistan

1Sindhu Bughio, 2Saima Naz*, 3Nadir Ali Birmani

1,2,3Advanced Parasitology Research Laboratory (APRL), Department of Zoology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro-76080. Sindh, Pakistan.

Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) are obligatory parasites of birds and mammals. Little attention has been given to chewing lice species in Pakistan; hence this is a contribution towards the chewing lice fauna of the country. In the present work, two new species of chewing lice were recovered from common and native bird Acridotheres tristis (Common Myna) (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) in Sindh, Pakistan. During the examination of 80 birds of A. tristis, 65 birds produced two new species of chewing lice, belonging to genus (Amblycera: Menoponidae) and genus Sturnidoecus (Ischnocera: ); however, all birds were prevalent to chewing lice of genus Brueelia and . The new species are described in detail, illustrated and compared with their closest allied species found on birds of family Sturnidae.

Key words: Myrsidea, Sturnidoecus new species, common myna, Pakistan.

INTRODUCTION

Pakistan has a tremendous variety of birds, indicating a 1955a,b and S. capensis (Giebel, 1874), which was potential for a large diversity of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: described from A. tristis by Ansari (1968) with its synonym Amblycera and Ischnocera). Despite the fact, data S. fragilis have yet been recovered (Tandan and Clay, concerned with chewing lice fauna of Pakistan is scarce 1971; Price et al., 2003; Price and Dalgleish, 2006; and incomplete (Ansari, 1955a-b; 1956a-b; 1968; Gustafsson and Bush, 2017). Lakshminarayana, 1979; Sychra et al., 2006; Naz et al., 2009; 2010; 2011; 2012; 2016; Naz and Rizvi, 2018). During the examination of common myna in the Sindh There are more than 391 species of passerine birds in region, two new species of the genus Myrsidea and genus Pakistan, including nine species of mynas and starlings Sturnidoecus were collected. The previously known (Passeriformes: Sturnidae). Of these only three species of species of chewing lice from common myna were not myna and two species of starlings are resident in Sindh reported from Sindh province but only from the Punjab (Salim Ali and Ripley, 1989; Robert, 1991). (Ansari, 1951; 1955a-b; 1968). Many of the samples of chewing lice recovered during the present study, that are Chewing lice of myna birds in Pakistan have not previously yet to be identified may represent previously known been studied taxonomically, apart from Ansari (1957; species, all of which would constitute new records for 1968), who contributed to our knowledge of the genus Pakistan. Sturnidoecus (Philopteridae). There are six species of chewing lice known to parasitize common myna around *Corresponding Author: Saima Naz, Advanced the world, including two species of the genus Myrsidea, Parasitology Research Laboratory (APRL), M. invadens (Kellogg and Chapman, 1902) and M. chilchil Department of Zoology, University of Sindh, Ansari, 1951 which he described with M. lyallpurensis, and Jamshoro-76080. Sindh, Pakistan. Email: two species of the genus Sturnidoecus, S. bannoo Ansari, [email protected]

New Species of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) from Pakistan Bughio et al. 094

MATERIAL AND METHODS occipital DHS 21 much longer than DHS 22, DHS 23 absent; temporal DHS 24, DHS 25 microsetae, DHS 26, Live common mynas were trapped from different localities 27 fine, normal fine setae, distant alveoli; DHS 28 short, of Sindh, Pakistan, brought to the Advanced Parasitology DHS 29 longer than DHS 30; maxillary palp short (Figure Research (APR) Laboratory at Department of Zoology, 5); gular plate (Figure 6) highly sclerotized, with medial University of Sindh, Jamshoro during 2015-2017. After weak patches, very long macrosetae, along with 4 lateral extraction of lice from their feathers, these birds were gular setae present; hypopharynx (Figure 7) very well released. In total, 80 birds of common myna were developed; antennae (Figure 8) very short, usually examined for chewing lice by using a fumigation chamber, invisible; ocular comb developed, flat; sub ocular setae which was adapted from Lakshinarayana (1980) and present. Clayton and Drown (2001), modified with plastic jars contained plastic bags with a piece of chlorofarm filled Thorax: cotton in it It gave as maximum number of lice from the Pronotal anterior seta present in female and absents in whole body except head. The lice from head feathers were male; lateral three stout thorn like setae present, collected by hand-picking method using soft brush and fine posterolateral to posterior marginal setae six in number, forcep, while the bek of the bird was tied with squash tape seta 1 macroseta seta 2 short and spinous, seta 3 and 6 to prevent any damage. The lice were permanently normal at posterior margin; prosternal plate (Figure 9) very mounted in Canada balsam following the method of Palma well developed, with evident anterior and lateral margins, (1978) and Naz (2008). The male genitalia were dissected anterior setae present on the plate; posterior margin thick out under stereo microscope using fine pins and sclerotized, blunt; mesonotum evident, fused with were mounted in Canada balsam with the same method mesopleurum, episternum and mesosternum to form a ring by Palma (1978). Drawings were made with Olympus around mesothorax (Figure 10); anterior mesonotal setae drawing tube attachment and photographs were taken present; metanotum not enlarged; posterior slightly through Nikon microscopic digital camera (P7000). convex, bearing 10-12 lateroposterior spiniform marginal Measurements were taken in millimeters (mm) by using setae; metasternal plate (Figure 11) well developed, large, ocular micrometer (Table 1-2). The terminology used for with 2 median and 4 lateral setae; femur III with very thin the chaetotaxy and identification of chewing lice species and small brush of microsetae on its venter. was followed in Clay (1969) and Marshall (2003) for amblyceran species and Clay (1951; 1975) and Smith Male Abdomen: (2001). The holotype and paratypes were deposited in the Museum Collection of APR Laboratory, Department of Relatively narrow and oval, all tergites similar, undivided, Zoology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro-Pakistan. equal in length; tergite I bears 7 pairs of setae, tergite II: 9 pairs, tergite III: 10 pairs, tergite IV: 8 pairs, tergite V: 8 pairs, tergite VI: 5 pairs, VII: 5, tergite VIII: 5 pairs of setae; RESULTS post spiracle setae fine normal on tergite II-III, short on tergite IV and V, long on tergite VI-VIII; sternite II large, In the present study of chewing lice from mynas of expanded, bearing 3+1 fine stout, thick, robust setae at Pakistan, total 80 birds of common myna were examined lateral corners (all male specimens with symmetrical in which 65 birds were found infested with two new arrangement of lateral stout setae), with 12 alternatively species, Myrsidea ahmedalii sp.n. and Sturnidoecus long and short fine intermediate to median posterior tristisae sp.n. however other specimens of genus Brueelia marginal setae; sternite III-VI bearing thin setal brushes and Menacanthus were also recovered (Table 3) ; all (Figure 12). examined birds were infested with 100% prevalence for overall specimens of chewing lice. Female Abdomen:

Myrsidea ahmedalii species novum (Figure 1-2, 5-17; Wide and oblong (Figure 13), tergite depressed at median, Table 1) tergite I complete, tergite II-IV intermediate to median Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Menoponidae deeply convex, tergites V-VIII similar, equal; tergite I-VIII bear 11 pairs of setae, 12 pairs of setae; , 10 pairs of setae, Head: 8 pairs of setae; 11 pairs of setae, 9 pairs of setae, 7 pairs of setae and 4 pairs of setae respectively; XI- X fused; Smoothly rounded anterior, broadly convex; preocular post spiracle setae fine normal on tergite III-IV, short on notch well defined; antennal grooves moderately shallow tergite V-VI, very long on tergite VII and VIII; sternite II: but completely hide the antennae; tentorial bridge large, expanded, bearing 4+1 stout, thick, robust setae at transverse; temples short and expanded, slightly quadrate lateral corners (one specimen showed asymmetrical in shape; DHS (dorsal head seta) 8 much shorter than arrangement of 4+1, 1+3) (Figure 14a-b), with 12 long and DHS 9, DHS 10 slightly shorter than DHS 11, DHS 14 short short, alternatively fine, intermediate to median posterior microseta, DHS 15 normal, fine longer than DHS 16; marginal setae; sternite III-VI bearing thin setal brushes.

New Species of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) from Pakistan Int. J. Entomol. Nematol. 095

Male Terminalia: Thorax:

Broadly convex; sub genital plate broad flat broadly Anterior setae absent; prothoracic leetro-posterior setae convex at posterior, bearing 17-18 normal median to one pair, arranging 1+1 normal; rhombic sclerite very posterior and posterolateral setae (Figure 15a-b). small, weekly sclerotized; posterior region smoothly convex; pterothoax lateral margins highly divergent, Female Terminalia: laterally extended corners; trichoid, thick, thorn like seta present at lateral edges. posterior margin slightly convex; Peculiar in chaetotaxy; sub genital plate with serrated bearing evenly arranged 22-24 long, fine marginal setae; posterior margin, bearing 28 median to posterior and pteronotum undivided, proepimeron expanded, unfused, posterolateral setae, scattered; vulva thick and broad mesofurcal pit absent; meso-metasternal plate present; fringed with 12-14 oblique bunches of thin setae; dorsal second sternal plate absent; ventral meso-metasternal anal fringe bearing 12 fine setae (Figure 16a-b). marginal setae present; prothoracic, mesothoracic and metathoracic legs sterno-coxal in articulation. Male Genitalia:

Expanded upward to abdominal segment (Figure 17); Male Abdomen: basal apodeme long, narrow, spatula like; parameres Laterly highly convex; six pairs of spiracles present; atria short, tapering posteriorly and curved outward; endomeral of spiracles small; median to submedian setal row present plate slightly convex; mesomeral sclerites developed; on tergite II; tergite II not deeply embedded within tergite genital sac weakly developed, genital sac sclerite III; posterior marginal setae on tergite II:14,III-IV:15-16, elongated, cylindrical, anteriorly broader with wavy margin, V:18, VII: 12, VIII: 6, XI: 9; 2 pair of letero-posterior rounded posteriorly with laterally arms hooks like and marginal setea on III-IX; sternites bearing one pair of posterior arm membranous. marginal setae; sub genital plate cone shape, without setae (Figure 21). Material Examined Female Abdomen: Holotype 1♂, on Acridotheres tristis (Linnaeus); Paratypes: 2♂, 7♀, on Acridotheres tristis (L.); Sindh Broad at middle narrow at anterior and posteriorly oval; six province, Pakistan; 20-vi-2016; leg. Bughio, S.; deposited pairs of spiracles present with small atria; median to in Museum collection of APR Lab., Department of Zoology, submedian setal row present on tergite II; Tergite II not University of Sindh, Jamshoro. deeply embedded within tergite III; posterior marginal setae on tergite II: 17, III:16,IV-VI:20, VII: 17, VIII: 16, XI: 9 Etymology and 2 pair of letero-posterior marginal setea on III-IX; sternites bearing one pair of marginal setae (Figure 22). The epithet of the present species of the genus Myrsidea has been given after first author’s father, Late Dr. Ahmed Female Terminalia:

Ali (1960—2016) in memorizing his thankless efforts and Posterior margin slightly concave; bearing 2 pair of very support to the author to go through Pakistani chewing lice short microsetae; tergite IX and X completely fused broad and his encouragement. bearing 7 pair of latero-posterior long setae; sub genital plate (Figure 23) roughly triangular; laterally five thorn like Sturnidoecus tristisae species novum (Figure 3-4, 18- seta present; vulva bears 18 marginal to sub marginal 24; Table 2) short thorn like setae. Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae Male Genitalia: Head: Basal apodeme anteriorly broad and wide, posteriorly Anteriorly narrow, projected, with thick hyaline margin, slightly narrow, having thick struts; endomeral plate wide, anteriorly concave, gradually become wider at preantennal expanded laterally, covering half length of mesosomal region (Figure 18); premarginal carina moderately plate; mesosomal plate relatively elongated as compared sclerotized; dorsal anterior plate anteriorly deeply to the other species of the pastoris-group, narrow medially concave, lateraly slightly convex (Figure 19); pulvinus and widened anteriorly with slightly depressed anterior divided into two lateral lobes ventral carina erupted margin and gradually narrow towards posterior, 2 pairs of medially; trabecula absent; conus equal to scape of small spinous stout setae at lateral margins of mesosome antennae, antennae monomorphic; typically, filiform present and 3 pairs of peg like microsetae present on pedical and flagellomers narrow; gular plate deltoid median mesomeral complex in oblique lines; parameres shaped (Figure 20), short, medially sclerotized; temples elongated, curved invardly, smoothly tapered posteriorly in broadly rounded, marginal temporal carina thin, forming to pointed ends furnihed with a micropit and a microsetae more or less evenly band on the temples; marginal at subterminal position (Figure 24). temporal two setae present.

New Species of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) from Pakistan Bughio et al. 096

Material Examined marginal setae. All abdominal tergites are equal in both male female; post spiracle setae short and long alternate Holotype 1♂, on Acridotheres tristis (L.); Paratypes 5♂, on tergite II-VI and long on tergite VII and VIII in both 7♀, on Acridotheres tristis (L.); Sindh Province, Pakistan; genders. The differences in morphometery are given in 14-iii-2017; leg. Bughio, S.; deposited in Museum Table 1. collection of APR Lab., Department of Zoology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro. The species Sturnidoecus tristisae sp.n. fall in the S. pastoris-complex group (Gustafsson and Bush, 2017) and Etymology was closely related to S. borobodur (Mey, 1989), S. peguensis (Mey, 1989), S. bannoo Ansari, 1955 and S. The epithet name of present new species of genus capensis (Giebel, 1874) in having general body features, Sturnidoecus is given on its type host species Acridotheres but it is evidently different from these species in having tristis from which it was recovered during present study. preantennal region anteriorly narrow, projected, with thick hyaline margin, anteriorly concave, gradually become wider at preantennal region, premarginal carina DISCUSSION moderately sclerotized, dorsal anterior plate anteriorly deeply concave, laterally slightly convex; gular plate short The species Myrsidea ahmedalii sp.n.is closely related to and cordate shaped; female subgenital plate roughly M. invadens (Kellogg and Chapman, 1902) and M. chilchil triangular with 5 microsetae on lateral margins, vulva Ansari, 1951 in having general body features, but it is bearing 18 marginal to submarginal very short microsetae; different from the same species in having gular plate highly male abdomen highly convex, posterior marginal setae on sclerotized with medially week patches; abdominal sternite tergite also variable in number and attachment; endomeral II consist of thick, stout, lateral spines in 3+1 and 4+1 plate elongated along the half length of parameres; arrangement at lateral corner of abdominal sternite II in morphometery is compared in Table 2. male; pronotum bears three stout thorn like lateral setae, In S. bannoo the differences with the present species posteriorly 3, 6 normal setae; metanotum bears 10-12 appeared in preantennal region broad, hyaline margin lateroposterior marginal setae; post spiracle setae in thick and flat, gular plate tomb shape, abdomen generally female fine normal on tergite III-IV, short on tergite V-VI, oval to oblong in shape; female terminalia slightly convex very long on tergite VII and VIII; in male post spiracle setae laterally, bearing 3 pairs of setae, sub genital plate funnel fine normal on tergite II-III, short on tergite IV and V, long shaped laterally with one pair of short setae, vulva bears on tergite VI-VIII; basal apodeme long, narrow, spatula 5 pairs of marginal setae; endomeral plate elongated like; slightly convex; genital sac weakly developed; genital along with equal length of parameres. sac sclerite developed; elongated, cylindrical; anteriorly broader wavy margin; rounded posteriorly with laterally S. borobodur differentiates with the present species in hooks like projections in M. ahmedalii sp.n; whereas in M. anteriorly more narrow, projected with thick hyaline invadens gular plate medially sclerotized; margin of margin, anteriorly slightly concave; premarginal carina pronotum with one short two long setae on each side; highly sclerotized; dorsal anterior plate concave, latterly metanotum with 4 marginal setae, 3 short and one very rectangular in shape; gular plate short, tomb shaped; long; all abdominal tergites of both male and female equal abdomen slightly convex; female terminalia with posterior and undivided, without anterior setae; post spiracle setae margin highly convex, bearing one pair of fine setae and in both male and female extremely long on tergites II,IV one pair of microsetae, vulva bearing 23 marginal to and VIII, very long on tergite I and VII, long on III ,V and submarginal short microsetae; sub genital plate anteriorly VI; abdominal sternite II with thorn like setae in 2+1, 1+2 broad posteriorly pointed, bearing 6 microsetae on lateral arrangement in both male and female individuals of M. margins; male subgenital plate pear shaped; basal invadens. apodeme broader anteriorly and narrower posteriorly; endomeral plate elongated approximately equal length of parameres. The present species is also clearly dissimilar with M. chilchil in general body shape and chaetotaxy which is The present species of genus Sturnidoecus differs with S. thicker in later species than the present new species peguensis in anterior margin of head narrow, projected (Ansari, 1951). In M. chilchil Ansari, 1951 the differences with thick hyaline margin, anteriorly slightly concave; are found in hypopharynx slightly reduced, but in M. premarginal carina highly sclerotized; dorsal anterior plate ahmedalii it is very well developed; in the male genitalia deeply concave laterally and rectangular in shape; gular the ventral arm with pointed apex in M. chilchil whereas plate short, irregularly cordate shaped; male subgenital the ventral arm with rounded apex in M. ahmedalii; in M. plate half tooth-shaped; female terminalia bears two pairs chilchil metanotum enlarged with 5-6 leteroposterior of very short microsetae at posterior margin and 7 pairs of marginal setae while in M. ahmedalii metanotum is not long setae at lateroposterior margins; subgenital plate enlarged, however containing 10-12 lateroposterior roughly triangular, laterally bearing 5 microsetae; vulva

New Species of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) from Pakistan Int. J. Entomol. Nematol. 097

bearing 21 marginal to submarginal short microsetae; Ansari MAR (1951). (Amblycera) infesting basal apodeme broad; endomeral plate elongated, in birds in the Panjab (India). Proc. Natl. Inst. Sci. India. equal length of parameres. Mynas are most frequent 17: 127-203. resident birds in Sindh, Pakistan; its population is wide Ansari MAR (1955a). Studies on the Ischnoceran spread over hilly areas to plans of Indus (Mahabal, 1991; Mallophaga infesting birds in Pakistan. Sci. Conf. Biol. Choudhry, 1998). Presently it is first study of chewing lice Bahawalpur. 42-62. on Myna in Sindh region. During present investigation 80 Ansari MAR (1955b). Studies on the amblyceran birds Acridotheres tristis were examined from Hyderabad Mallophaga infesting birds in Pakistan. Proc. 7th Sindh. In the present work Mynah birds have been Pakistan Sci. Conf. Agric. Bahawalpur. 51-59. observed to be infested by four genera of two families: Ansari MAR (1956a). Some new ischnoceran Mallophaga Menoponidae (Suborder: Amblycera) and Philopteridae in the Zoo. Surv. Dept. Karachi. Pak. J. Sci. Res. 8: 10- (Suborder: Ischnocera). These genera include Brueelia 22. Kѐler, 1936, Menacanthus Neumann, 1912, Myrsidea Ansari MAR (1956b). Studies on phthirapteran parasites Waterston, 1915 and Sturnidoecus Eichler, 1944. (Mallophaga) infesting birds in the Panjab. Indian J. Menacanthus is represented by only one species, i.e. M. Entomol. 17: 394-400. eurysternus (Burmeister, 1938), Myrsidea is reported by Ansari MAR (1957). Studies on the amblyceran only one species i.e., M. invadens and genus Sturnidoecus mallophaga infesting birds in the Panjab. Indian J. is reported previously by two species including S. bannoo Entomol. 18(1956): 427 439. Ansari, 1951 and S. capensis (Giebel, 1874), however it Ansari MAR (1968). 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New Species of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) from Pakistan Int. J. Entomol. Nematol. 099

APPENDIX

Table 1. Comparative morphometery of Myrsidea ahmedalii sp.n. with closely related species found on common myna. All measurements are in millimeters (mm). Myrsidea ahmedalii Myrsidea invadens (Kellogg & Myrsidea chilchil Body Parts sp.n. Chapman, 1902) Ansari, 1947 ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ Total length 1.55 1.97 1.195 1.753 1.404 1.73 Head length 0.31 0.36 0.301 0.32 0.298 0.346 Preocular width 0.16 0.175 - - - - Temporal width 0.25 0.255 0.430 0.57 0.461 0.5 Prothorax length 0.16 0.21 - - 0.192 0.192 Prothorax width 0.31 0.35 0.234 0.301 0.317 0.346 Metathorax length 0.2 0.25 - - 0.241 0.288 Metathorax width 0.405 0.525 0.293 0.436 0.481 0.558 Abdominal length 0.9 1.15 - - 0.673 0.904 Genitalia length 0.512 - 0.330 - - - Genitalia width 0.02 - - - - - Head Index 0.806 0.708 1.428 1.78 1.546 1.44

Table 2. Comparative morphometery of Sturnidoecus tristisae sp.n. with closely related species found on other species of myna. All measurements are in millimeters (mm). Sturnidoecus Sturnidoecus Sturnidoecus Sturnidoecus Sturnidoecus tristisae sp.n. borobodur (Mey, peguensis (Mey, bannoo Ansari, capensis Body Parts 1989) 1989) 1955 (Giebel, 1778) ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ 1.66 3.777 1.525- 1.96- Total length 1.56 1.86-1.93 1.42-1.47 1.84 1.663 2.162 (1.61-1.69) (2.22-5.33) 1.625 2.017 0.555 0.602 0.473- 0.519- Head length 0.56 0.59-0.61 0.53-0.54 0.56 0.508 0.571 (0.556-0.565) (0.582-0.622) 0.497 0.571 Preantennal 0.315 0.362 ------width (0.30-0.33) 0.333-0.391) Temporal 0.555 0.56 0.487- 0.546- 0.52 0.57-0.58 0.51-0.52 0.56 0.513 0.553 width (0.5-0.56) (0.52-0.6) 0.523 0.57 Prothorax 0.1315 0.153 0.153- 0.144- - - - - 0.144 0.144 length (0.13-0.133) (0.13-0.177) 0.156 0.164 Prothorax 0.315 0.323 0.262- 0.311- 0.33 0.33-0.35 0.29-0.30 0.34 0.292 0.318 width (0.30-0.33) (0.313-0.333) 0.318 0.399 Pterothorax 0.16 0.211 0.158- 0.169- - - - - 0.144 0.20 length (0.15-0.17) (0.2-0.222) 0.169 0.189 Pterothorax 0.31 0.538 0.416- 0.503- 0.49 0.51-0.52 0.44-0.47 0.51 0.457 0.497 width (0.25-0.43) (0.521-0.555) 0.477 0.543 Abdominal 0.86 1.214 0.743- 1.113- - - - - 0.872 1.251 length (0.84-0.88) (1.146-1.288) 0.811 1.123 Genitalia 0.41 ------length (0.4-0.42) 1.03- 0.99- Head Index 1.005 0.935 1.08 1.02 1.04 1.0 1.00 0.968 1.05 1.05

Table 3. Over-all abundance of chewing lice species collected from common myna A. tristis, during the present work Chewing lice species Abundance of chewing lice Number of birds infested with each species Brueelia sp. 1 146 40 Brueelia sp. 2 263 65 Brueelia chayanh 193 76 Menacanthus eurysternus 210 80 Myrsidea ahmedalii 44 35 Sturnidoecus tristisae 56 30 Sturnidoecus species 14 08

New Species of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) from Pakistan Bughio et al. 100

FIGURES

Legends of the Illustrations: Figure 1. Myrsidea ahmedalii sp.n. Male at 10×10. Figure 2. Myrsidea ahmedalii sp.n. Female at 10×10. Figure 3. Sturnidoecus tristisae sp.n. Male at 10×10. Figure 4. Sturnidoecus tristisae sp.n. Female at 10×10. Figure 5-11. Myrsidea ahmedalii sp.n. 5. Maxillary palp; 6. Gular plate; 7. Hypopharynx; 8. Antenna; 9. Prosternal plate; 10. Mesosternal plate; 11. Metasternal plate. Figure 12-14. Myrsidea ahmedalii sp.n. 12. Male abdomen dorsum; 13. Female abdomen dorsum showing shape and arrangement of tergites and their setae; 14. Sternite II with lateral thorn like setae in male abdomen, a. left, b. right showing asymmetry in their number and position. Figure 15-16. Myrsidea ahmedalii sp.n. 15. Male terminalia a. dorsum, b. ventrum; 16. Female terminalia a. dorsum, b. ventrum. Figure 17. Myrsidea ahmedalii sp.n. Male genitalia complete armature. Figure 18-22. Sturnidoecus tristisae sp.n. 18. Preantennal region of head; 19. Head dorsal plate; 20. Gular plate; 21. Male abdomen ventrum; 22. Female abdomen ventrum. Figure 23-24. Sturnidoecus tristisae sp.n. 23. Female terminalia ventrum; 24. Male genitalia a. complete armature, b. mesomere enlarged. c. paramere.

New Species of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) from Pakistan Int. J. Entomol. Nematol. 101

New Species of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) from Pakistan Bughio et al. 102

New Species of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) from Pakistan Int. J. Entomol. Nematol. 103

New Species of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) from Pakistan Bughio et al. 104

New Species of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) from Pakistan Int. J. Entomol. Nematol. 105

New Species of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) from Pakistan Bughio et al. 106

New Species of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) from Pakistan Int. J. Entomol. Nematol. 107

New Species of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) from Pakistan