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Winster Methodist Chapel, East Bank, Winster, Derbyshire

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Winster Methodist Chapel, East Bank, Winster, Derbyshire Written Scheme of Investigation for archaeological works at Winster Methodist Chapel, Winster, Derbyshire Winster Methodist Chapel, East Bank, Winster, Derbyshire Written Scheme of Investigation July 2020 Final version © Archaeological Research Services Ltd 2020 Angel House, Portland Square, Bakewell, Derbyshire, DE45 1HB www.archaeologicalresearchservices.com Prepared on behalf of: Messrs D. Holliday & R. Hartley Date of compilation: November 2018 & June 2020 Compiled by: Ben Dyson ACIfA & Robin Holgate MCIfA Planning Ref: NP/DDD/0619/0663 Listed Building Consent Ref: NP/DDD/0619/0665 Local Authority: Peak District National Park Site central NGR: SK 24034 60386 i Written Scheme of Investigation for archaeological works at Winster Methodist Chapel, Winster, Derbyshire 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 This Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) has been prepared by Archaeological Research Services Ltd (ARS Ltd) on behalf of Messrs D. Holliday and R. Hartley (the Clients). It details a scheme for archaeological works at Winster (former primitive) Methodist Chapel, East Bank, Winster, Derbyshire. The proposed development comprises the residential conversion of and a minor extension to the chapel. 1.2 Planning permission and Listed Building Consent have been granted for the proposed development (Application Ref. Nos. NP/DDD/0619/0663 and NP/DDD/0619/0665 respectively). Condition 32 of the planning permission and condition 38 of the Listed Building Consent requires a programme of archaeological investigation and recording as follows. “a.) No development shall take place until a Written Scheme of Investigation for a scheme of archaeological works has been submitted to and approved by the National Park Authority in writing, and until any pre-start element of the approved scheme has been completed to the written satisfaction of the National Park Authority. The scheme shall include an assessment of significance and research questions; and 1. The programme and methodology of site investigation and recording; 2. The programme for post investigation analysis and reporting; 3. Provision to be made for analysis of the site investigation and recording 4. Provision to be made for publication and dissemination of the analysis and records of the site investigation; 5. Provision to be made for archive deposition of the analysis and records of the site investigation; 6. Nomination of a competent person or persons/organisation to undertake the works set out within the Written Scheme of Investigation. b) No development shall take place other than in accordance with the archaeological Written Scheme of Investigation approved under condition (a). c) The development shall not be occupied until the site investigation and post investigation assessment has been completed in accordance with the programme set out in the archaeological Written Scheme of Investigation approved under condition (a) and the provision to be made for analysis, publication and dissemination of results and archive deposition has been secured.” 1.3 Guidance has been provided by Natalie Ward, Senior Conservation Archaeologist with the Peak District National Park Authority (PDNPA), that the proposed development is likely to encounter archaeological evidence retained within the extant structure of the historic building; below ground, within and possibly outside the chapel, through the required groundworks (works to the internal floors; for underfloor heating; for the rear extension, new drainage and service runs etc.); and changes to the fabric of the chapel (loss of the pews, removal 1 Written Scheme of Investigation for archaeological works at Winster Methodist Chapel, Winster, Derbyshire of the floors etc.). The archaeological and historic impacts should be addressed through a scheme of archaeological works to include the following. A programme of building recording to Historic England Level 2/3 to make a permanent record of the building in its current form. This needs to incorporate a full visual record, and written description of the building and appropriate elements of a drawn record. An intermittent structural watching brief and building recording to record additional details of the historic fabric of the chapel that are revealed during the course of the development (by the removal of the internal fixtures and fittings etc.) A programme of archaeological monitoring, investigation and recording during all internal and external groundworks and ground reduction e.g. for the works to the floors, for the rear extension, for the insertion of drainage and services etc. A written statement for how any human remains encountered will be dealt with, in order to ensure compliance with the appropriate laws and regulations. 1.3 This WSI confirms the nature of the programme of archaeological works, including the historic building recording, the structural watching brief and building recording and archaeological monitoring, investigation and recording during all internal and external ground works and ground reduction associated with the proposed development at Winster Methodist Church in accordance with the guidance provided by the PDNPA’s Senior Conservation Archaeologist. 1.4 The archaeological works will be carried out in accordance with the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) paragraph 199 (Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government 2018, 56) to record and enhance understanding of the significance of any heritage assets to be lost during the proposed development in a manner proportionate to their importance, and to make this evidence (and any archive generated) publically accessible. 2 SITE LOCATION AND GEOLOGY 2.1 The proposed development area (hereafter PDA) is located approximately 200m south-west of the centre of Winster, half-way up the hillside on a prominent elevated bank that is accessed by several footpaths from East Bank to the south and an unnamed road to the east. The chapel is oriented east/west with the western end partially built into the sharply rising hillside. A small lean-to structure on the south- east corner of the chapel houses a W/C, accessible from the outside only; this appears contemporary with the chapel. A raised level plateau has been formed immediately to the north of the chapel, retained by a dry-stone wall whilst a rising garden is located to the south. The chapel has an open aspect to the east with a level entrance yard. The PDA is centred at NGR SK 24034 60386 (Figure 1). 2.2 The underlying geology of the area comprises Monsal Dale Limestone Formation - Limestone, Dolomitic. Sedimentary Bedrock formed approximately 329 2 Written Scheme of Investigation for archaeological works at Winster Methodist Chapel, Winster, Derbyshire to 331 million years ago in the Carboniferous Period when the local environment was previously dominated by shallow carbonate seas. No superficial deposits are recorded for the area (BGS 2018). 3 HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND 3.1 Winster Methodist Chapel is Grade II listed and recorded in the Peak District National Park Authority’s Historic Buildings, Sites and Monuments Record and the Derbyshire Historic Environment Record (MPD3959). A detailed historic background for both the village of Winster and the Methodist Chapel building is provided in the Heritage Statement submitted alongside the planning application (TCA 2018). A brief summary is provided here. 3.2 The village has a medieval core at the bottom of the hill. During the 17th and 18th centuries, prosperous lead mining, just up the hillside to the south, lead to a more prosperous village and many of the original properties were rebuilt with more grandeur, as a reflection of the new-found affluence of the area. The village also expanded considerably, developing up the hill, towards the mines, in an effort to reduce travel distances to and from the place of work. 3.3 The chapel was built in 1823 and was one of the first established in the Peak District after the establishment of Belper as an independent station and subsequently played an important role in maintaining Methodist presence in the Peak District and in establishing new churches. The original chapel proved too small for a growing population and was enlarged in 1832 before being further enlarged in 1850 to accommodate increasing congregations. The building was recorded as being solemnised for performing marriages in 1869 and records also show that the chapel underwent refurbishment in 1890 to accommodate a Sunday Schoolroom. Further refurbishments and re-decorations up as far as 1986 are also recorded in local records, but the layout of the main building has remained largely unchanged since the 1850s. 3.4 Results of a detailed examination of the external fabric of the building (TCA 2018, 16) have suggested that the original 1823 chapel was oriented north/south, before the extension in 1832 doubled the footprint of the chapel and changed the roofline to its current east/west alignment. The 1850s extension then increased the height of the building as well as adding another third onto the length of the chapel. 3.5 The interior of the chapel has a history of suffering from damp that dates back to at least 1869 (TCA 2018, 11), a result of the building being partially built into the hillside on its western side. The damp problems are so severe that behind the modern day wall boarding (wainscoting) the plaster is, in places, running with water. The timber floors of the chapel and the uniquely raked pew arrangement are also subject to significant decay by suspected wet rot (TCA 2018, 18). 3.6 A memorial plaque over one of the external doors within the chapel was erected in memory of the Rev George Booth, ‘whose mortal remains are deposited near this tablet’. Attempts have been made by the Local History Group and the Methodist Church, to discover where George Booth is actually buried; either inside 3 Written Scheme of Investigation for archaeological works at Winster Methodist Chapel, Winster, Derbyshire the chapel, or on land adjacent to the chapel, but no remains were reportedly found. His death is reported in the Sheffield Independent on the 15th April 1854. It is possible that the plaque has been relocated from elsewhere and therefore no such remains exist within the vicinity.
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