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Views Expressed Are Those of the of Charge If Made Within Three Months of the Author of Each Article, and Not Necessarily of Publication Date of the Issue Dædalus coming up in Dædalus: Dædalus on race Kenneth Prewitt, Orlando Patterson, George Fredrickson, Ian Hacking, Jennifer Hochschild, Glenn Loury, David Hollinger, Journal of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences Victoria Hattam, Kwame A. Appiah, Ian Haney López, Melissa Nobles, and Kim Williams Fall 2004 on imperialism Niall Ferguson, Kenneth Pomeranz, Anthony Pagden, Jack Snyder, Akira Iriye, Molly Greene, William Easterly, Robin 2004: on human nature Fall on Steven Pinker Why nature & nurture won’t go away 5 Blackburn, and Henk Wesseling human nature Richard Rorty Philosophy-envy 18 on professions Howard Gardner, Lee Shulman, William Sullivan, Geoffrey Galt Richard Wrangham Killer species 25 & professionals Harpham, Jeanne Nakamura & Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, William Patrick Bateson The origins of human differences 36 Damon, Anne Colby, Kendall Bronk & Thomas Ehrlich, and Harvey Goldman Donald E. Brown Human universals 47 Jonathan Haidt on body in mind Antonio & Hanna Damasio, A. S. Byatt, Carol Gilligan, Gerald & Craig Joseph Intuitive ethics 55 Edelman, Jorie Graham, Richard Davidson, Raymond Dolan & Vernon L. Smith An economic perspective 67 Arne Öhman, and Mark Johnson Jerome Kagan A psychological perspective 77 on aging Henry J. Aaron, Paul Baltes, Frank Kermode, Linda Partridge, Matt Ridley The biology of human nature 89 Dennis J. Selkoe, Caleb E. Finch, Sarah Harper, Chris Wilson, Jagadeesh Gokhale & Kent Smetters, Hillard Kaplan, and Lisa poetry Geoffrey Hill Improvisations for Hart Crane 99 Berkman ½ction I left my heart in Skaftafell 102 on identity Akeel Bilgrami, Wendy Doniger, Stephen Greenblatt, Sidney Victor LaValle Shoemaker, Susan Green½eld, Claudio Lomnitz, Carol Rovane, Todd E. Feinberg, and Courtney Jung notes Charles Altieri on dif½culty in contemporary American poetry 113 Lynn Margulis on syphilis & the nature of Nietzsche’s madness 118 plus poetry by Rachel Hadas, Franz Wright, W. S. Merwin, Charles Wright, Peg Boyers, Jorie Graham &c.; ½ction by Sigrid Nunez, Margaret Atwood, R. Edmund &c.; and notes by Donald Green, Shelley Taylor, Robert F. Nagel, Philip L. Quinn, Jeri Laber, Morris E. Fine, Michael Wood, Hue-Tam Ho Tai, Peter Hohendahl, Allan Basbaum, Rita Colwell &c. U.S. $13 www.amacad.org Inside front cover: Nasty, brutish, and short: a tipple turns ugly in the Wild West. A still from a silent-era Western ½lm. See Jonathan Haidt & Craig Joseph on Intuitive ethics: how innately prepared intuitions generate culturally variable virtues, pages 55–66: “People love to exercise their third-party moral intuitions so much that they pay money to see and hear stories about ½ctional strangers who do bad things to each other.” Photograph © Bettmann/Corbis. James Miller, Editor of Dædalus Steven Pinker, Consulting Editor for essays on human nature Phyllis S. Bendell, Managing Editor and Director of Publications Janet Foxman, Assistant Editor Contributing Editors: Robert S. Boynton, D. Graham Burnett Board of editors Steven Marcus, Editor of the Academy Russell Banks, Fiction Adviser Rosanna Warren, Poetry Adviser Joyce Appleby (u.s. history, ucla), Stanley Hoffmann (government, Harvard), Donald Kennedy (environmental science, Stanford), Martha C. Nussbaum (law and philosophy, Chicago), Neil J. Smelser (sociology, Berkeley), Steven Weinberg (physics, University of Texas at Austin); ex of½cio: Patricia Meyer Spacks (President of the Academy), Leslie Cohen Berlowitz (Executive Of½cer) Editorial advisers Daniel Bell (sociology, Harvard), Michael Boudin (law, u.s. Court of Appeals), Wendy Doniger (religion, Chicago), Howard Gardner (education, Harvard), Clifford Geertz (anthropology, Institute for Advanced Study), Carol Gluck (Asian history, Columbia), Stephen Greenblatt (English, Harvard), Thomas Laqueur (European history, Berkeley), Alan Lightman (English and physics, mit), Steven Pinker (psychology, Harvard), Diane Ravitch (education, nyu), Richard Shweder (human development, Chicago), Frank Wilczek (physics, mit) Dædalus is designed by Alvin Eisenman Dædalus Journal of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences The pavement labyrinth once in the nave of Reims Cathedral (1240), in a drawing, with ½gures of the architects, by Jacques Cellier (c. 1550–1620). Dædalus was founded in 1955 and established as a quarterly in 1958. The journal’s namesake was renowned in ancient Greece as an inventor, scientist, and unriddler of riddles. Its emblem, a maze seen from above, symbolizes the aspiration of its founders to “lift each of us above his cell in the labyrinth of learning in order that he may see the entire structure as if from above, where each separate part loses its comfortable separateness.” The American Academy of Arts & Sciences, like its journal, brings together distinguished individuals from every ½eld of human endeavor. It was chartered in 1780 as a forum “to cultivate every art and science which may tend to advance the interest, honour, dignity, and happiness of a free, independent, and virtuous people.” Now in its third century, the Academy, with its more than four thousand elected members, continues to provide intellectual leadership to meet the critical challenges facing our world. Dædalus Fall 2004 Subscription rates: Electronic only for non- Issued as Volume 133, Number 4 member individuals–$38; institutions–$81. Canadians add 7% gst. Print and electronic © 2004 by the American Academy for nonmember individuals–$42; institu- of Arts & Sciences tions–$90. Canadians add 7% gst. Outside Improvisations for Hart Crane the United States and Canada add $20 for © 2004 by Geoffrey Hill postage and handling. Prices subject to change I left my heart in Skaftafell without notice. © 2004 by Victor LaValle Institutional subscriptions are on a volume- Editorial of½ces: Dædalus, Norton’s Woods, year basis. All other subscriptions begin with 136 Irving Street, Cambridge ma 02138. the next available issue. Phone: 617 491 2600. Fax: 617 576 5088. Email: [email protected]. Single issues: current issues–$13; back issues for individuals–$13; back issues for institu- Library of Congress Catalog No. 12-30299 tions–$26. Outside the United States and isbn 0-87724-045-0 Canada add $5 per issue for postage and han- dling. Prices subject to change without notice. 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The Boston ma and at additional mailing of½ces. fee code for users of the Transactional Report- ing Service is 0011-5266/04. Address all other The typeface is Cycles, designed by Sumner inquiries to the Subsidiary Rights Manager, Stone at the Stone Type Foundry of Guinda mit Press Journals, Five Cambridge Center, ca. Each size of Cycles has been separately Cambridge ma 02142. Phone: 617 253 2864. designed in the tradition of metal types. Fax: 617 258 5028. Email: journals-rights@ mit.edu. Steven Pinker Why nature & nurture wont go away When Richard Mulcaster referred in that debates over nature and nurture 1581 to "that treasure.. .bestowed on evoke more rancor than just about any them by nature, to be bettered in them issue in the world of ideas. by nurture/' he gave the world a eupho During much of the twentieth century, nious name for an opposition that has a common position in this debate was to been debated ever since. People's beliefs deny that human nature existed at all - about the relative importance of heredi to aver, with Jos? Ortega y Gasset, that ty and environment affect their opinions "Man has no nature; what he has is his on an astonishing range of topics. Do tory." The doctrine that the mind is a adolescents engage in violence because blank slate was not only a cornerstone of the way their parents treated them of behaviorism in psychology and social early in life ? Are people inherently ag constructionism in
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